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VIRTUOSO, rerum antiquarum studiosus (one fond of antiquarian pursuits, a collector, etc.) : * artium amator :liberalium artium studiosus :homo elegans : rerum artificiosarum studiosus (fond of collecting works of art).
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VIRTUOUS, virtute præditus, ornatus :virtutis compos : in quo virtus inest ; or perhaps rather probus : honestus :rectus (with reference to moral goodness and an upright life).A virtuous life, vita honesta :or, in the highest sense, vita sancta ; vitæ sanctitas, sanctimonia :a virtuous action, quod cum virtute fit ; honeste, recte factum : actio honesta (after Cicero) :thoroughly virtuous, in quo inest virtus omnibus numeris perfecta, absoluta :to be highly virtuous, singulari, eximia virtute præditum esse :to have led a thoroughly virtuous life, virtutis perfectæ perfecto functum esse munere (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 45, 109) :all virtuous persons are happy, omnes virtutis compotes beati sunt (ibid. 5, 13, 39).
VIRTUOUSLY, cum virtute :honeste :recte :sancte. To live virtuously, cum virtute vivere ; degere vitam cum virtute (Cicero) ; recte, honeste, sancte vivere (Cicero).
VIRULENCE, || Properly, virus, -i, neuter : * rei virulentæ vis. || Figuratively, virus, -i, neuter : acerbitas :amaritudo :gravitas.
VIRULENT, || Properly, virulentus (Gellius) ; or by circumlocution with virus.|| Figuratively, acerbus :amarulentus :asper : mordax.
VIRUS, virus, -i, neuter.
VISAGE,
Vid. COUNTENANCE, FACE.
VISCERA, viscera, -um, plural, (usually of the heart, lungs, liver, etc.) :intestina, -orum, plural : also, interanea, -orum (Plinius, the lower intestines).
VISCID,
VISCOUS, viscosus (Palladius) :lentus (Vergilius) :tenax (Plinius).
VISIBILITY, by circumlocution with words under VISIBLE.
VISIBLE, (properly) aspectabilis :quod cerni, oculis cerni, potest : quod cadit, venit, in, sub aspectum : quod cadit sub oculos, in conspectum :quod ante oculos positum est :quod aspectu sentitur :quod in cernendi sensum cadit : conspicuus (strikingly visible, Horatius, Phædrus, Tacitus) :subjectus oculis (Livius) :sub oculos (plainly visible, Quintilianus. Cf., Avoid visibilis, Appuleius, late).The visible world, mundus quem cernimus (Cicero, Univ., 2) ; quæ sub aspectum cadunt (ibid. 4) ; hæc omnia quas videmus (Cicero, Cat., 3, 9, 21) ; ea quæ sunt quæque cernuntur omnia (Cicero, Fin., 1, 6, 17) :visible things, quæ oculis cernimus ; quæ sub oculos cadunt ; que aspectu sentiuntur (Cicero) :to be visible, oculis, aspectu cerni ; ante oculos positum esse (Cicero) :in oculis situm esse (Sallustius) ; sub oculis esse ; oculis subjectim esse (Livius) ; in prospectu esse (Cæsar) ; in oculos incurrere ; sub or in oculos, in conspectum, sub aspectum, cadere ; conspici ; apparere :to render visible, subjicere aliquid oculis, sub oculos, or sub aspectum : aperire :to become visible, in conspectum dari ; aperiri ; se aperire (opposed to occultari, delitescere) ; sub oculos subjici (Quintilianus) ; oculis se dare (Plinius, Ep., Sen.). || Figuratively, Apparent, clear, manifest, manifestus :promptus :apertus :evidens : expressus :illustris :perspicuus.To be visible, apparere ; patere ; manifestum esse. Vid. also, APPARENT.
VISIBLY, || Properly, by circumlocution with the adjectives. || Figuratively, evidenter.
VISION, || Sight, visus, -ûs :aspectus, -ûs :conspectus, -ûs, or by circumlocution with oculi. || An apparition, res objecta (that which presents itself to the eye, Cicero, Acad., 2, 12, 38 ; 14, 48) :visum (anything seen, a sight) :visa species (a form which one believes he has seen, whether awake or in a dream) :simulacrum (an apparition. Cf., Not spectrum, which is = εἴδωλον in the language of the Stoics ; vid. Cicero, ad Div., 15, 16, 2) [Vid. also, APPARITION.] || A chimera, delirantis somnium :aberrantis animi mera deliria :commentum (a fiction).
VISIONARY, fanaticus (inspired with a wild enthusiasm) :inanis :vanus (existing only in the imagination) :fictus :commenticius (fictitious).
VISIT, s., salutatio :salutationis officium.To make a visit [vid. VISIT, v.] :to put off a visit, visendi curam differre (Tacitus) :your visit will be agreeable to us all, carus omnibus exspectatusque venies :I liked my visit at Talna’s, fui libenter apud Talnam (Cicero). SYN. in CALL, s.
VISIT, v.,visere :alicujus visendi causa venire : invisere : visitare :adire :convenire :salutare :salutatum or salutandi causa ad aliquem venire, ad aliquem salutandum venire. [SYN. in Call = Visit.] To visit from time to time, intervisere :to visit a place (to stay there, or on business), obire ; venire ad ; adire ; visere :to visit frequently or regularly, frequentare :to visit anybody frequently, alicujus domum frequentare ; celebrare (celebrare, of thronging it) ; frequenter, or multum, or frequentem ad aliquem ventitare :to visit a sick person, ægrotum visere ; ægrotum visitare :to visit one’s patients, ægrotos perambulare :to visit one’s country houses, obire villas suas :much visited (of places), frequens ; celeber :to visit (for inspection, etc.), spectare (Bauer) :to visit the several stations, circumire stationes (vid. Herzog ad Cæs., B. G., 5, 1). || Visit with = inflict, vid. To visit with punishment, animadvertere (to censure) :vindicare (to satisfy justice for a crime) :persequi (to follow up with punishment).To visit with a heavy punishment, gravius aliquid statuere in aliquem.
VISITATION, || Visit for inspection, etc., spectatio :census : recensus :scrutatio :perscrutatio (examination).To hold a visitation, agere censum (Bauer) :our worthy archdeacon held his visitation yesterday, there were fifty clergy present, * egregius ille archidiaconus noster agebat censum hesterno die, aderant e clericis quinquaginta. || Infliction, vid.
VISITING-CARD, charta salutatrix (after Martialis, 9, 100, 2).
VISITOR, || One who pays a visit, salutator ; plural, salutantes, salutatores :qui visendi (ac salutandi) causa venit (or veniunt) ad aliquem :hospes (a visitor staying in the house).A troublesome visitor, molestus interpellator : I have a visitor, habeo aliquem mecum :I have no visitor, solus sum :neminem mecum habeo :I shall have many visitors, multi apud me erunt. || Inspector, explorator : censor (of churches, schools, etc.).
VISOR, perhaps * os galeæ ; buccula (Livius)
VISUAL, By circumlocution with visus or the verb.
VITAL, || Of or pertaining to life, vitalis. || Essential, vid.
VITALITY, vitalitas (Plinius) ; vis vitalis (Cicero).
VITALS, vitalia, -ium (Plinius, Seneca) :intestina, -orum (lower intestines) :viscera, -um, plural, (heart, lungs, liver).
VITIATE, || To make faulty, mar, vitiare (general term, to make faulty, spoil ; e. g., pecunias, merces) :corrumpere (to corrupt by an internal change of quality) :adulterare (to introduce what is bad or spurious into what is good and genuine ; e. g., nummos, gemmas) :interpolare (to give anything a good appearance by dressing it up ; e. g., to falsify a document by additions and erasures) :transcribere (to falsify in copying). || To render invalid, aliquid irritum facere :aliquid rescindere :rescindere et irritum facere :ut irritum et vanum rescindere :refigere. SYN. in INVALIDATE.
VITREOUS, vitreus :vitro similis.
VITRIFACTION.By circumlocution with the verb.
VITRIFY, || Transitively, in vitrum convertere aliquid. || Intransitively, in vitrum converti, verti, mutari.
VITRIOL, * vitriolum (technical term).
Vitriol works, * officina vitrioli.
VITRIOLIC, * vitriolicus (technical term ; e. g., acidum, liquor).
VITUPERATE,
VITUPERATION,
Vid. BLAME, v., and CHILD, s.
VIVACIOUS, alacer (energetically active and in high spirits) :vegetus (awake ; alive both in body and mind) :vividus ; vigens (full of life and energy) :promtus (ready, always prepared). (The words are found in this connection and order.) alacer et promtus ; acer et vigens.
VIVACITY, alacritas (energy and activity) :vigor (vigorous activity) :hilaritas (mirthful, joyous activity).
VIVID, vividus :acer. Vid. LIVELY.
VIVIDLY, acriter :vehementer (vivide, Gellius).
VIVIFY, animare (Cf., avoid vivificare, Tertullianus). Vid. ENLIVEN.
VIVIFYING, vim animandi, incitandi, exhilarandi, recreandi habens (Cf., avoid vivificus, Ammianus).
VIVIPAROUS, viviparus (Appuleius) ; * quæ partum edunt vivum.
VIXEN, mulier rixosa, jurgiosa (Gellius, 1, 17, 1) ; litium et rixæ cupida.
VIZIER (GRAND), * cui apud Turcos permissa est summa imperii bellique administrandi.
VOCABULARY, index vocabulorum or verborum. Vid. DICTIONARY.
VOCAL, vocalis ; or by circumlocution with genitive of vox ; e. g., vocal music, vocum cantus (Cicero, Rosc., Am., 46, 134).
Vocal and instrumental music, vocum nervorumque cantus (ib.).
VOCALLY, ore :voce : verbis.
VOCATION, Vid. CALLING, CALL.
VOCATIVE CASE, casus vocativus :casus vocandi (grammatical).In the vocative, vocative (Gellius, 13, 22, 4).
VOCIFERATE, vociferari (intransitively and transitively, to cry out violently or passionately) :clamorem edere or tollere (to raise a loud cry or clamor). Vid. also, To Cry, To CALL.
VOCIFERATION, vociferatio :vociferatus, -ûs (a loud, vehement crying or shouting from anger, indignation, etc.) :clamor (frequently used in the plural if of a multitude) :convicium (a noisy, turbulent clamor attended by insulting expressions). (The words are found in this connection and order.) clamor conviciumque :clamor atque convicium :voces (the loud voices that make themselves audible, mixed with clamor). Vid. also, CLAMOR.
VOGUE, mos. Vid. FASHION.
VOICE, vox (general term, the faculty of producing audible and articulate sounds : then, also, the sound itself that is produced, either of living beings or personified objects ; e. g., the voice of nature, naturæ vox) :cantus (the song of birds) :sonus (the tone, sound of a voice or of a musical instrument) :vocis sonus (the sound of the voice) :sonitus (a continuing sound, as that of the tuba, tubæ ; of thunder, tonitruum).A clear voice, vox clara (a loud, discernible voice ; opposed to a dull, indistinct voice, vox obtusa) :vox canora (a clear, harmonious voice ; opposed to a dull, low voice, vox fusca).A clear voice, vox lævis (opposed to a rough voice, vox aspera) :a high or acute voice, vox acuta (opposed to a deep voice, vox gravis) :a flexible voice, vox flexibilis (opposed to a harsh voice, vox dura) :a full voice, vox plena (opposed to a thin, faint voice, vox exilis) :with a loud voice, (e. g., to call), clara voce ; magna voce :firmness, power, etc., of voice, vocis magnitudo, firmitudo :clearness of voice, vocis splendor :to know anybody by his voice, aliquem voce noscitare :aliquem ex voce cognoscere :to imitate the human voice, imitari humanæ vocis sonum :to raise one’s voice, attollere vocem :to lower one’s voice, submittere vocem :to exert one’s voice, beyond measure, vocem ultra vires urgere. || Figuratively. To listen to anybody’s voice, audire aliquem (to listen to, follow anybody) :aliquem monentem audire (to listen to anybody’s exhortation).To obey the voice, or call of nature, naturam ducem sequi : congruenter naturæ convenienterque vivere :to listen to the voice, of one’s conscience, a recta conscientia non discedere. || Vote ; suffrage, sententia (general term ; of a senator in the Senate, of a judge in the court, of the people in the comitia, etc.) :suffragium (the vote of a Roman citizen in the comitia ; then also, the voting tablet) :punctum (the vote which a candidate received in the comitia ; because the collectors of the votes [custodes] made a dot or point opposite the name of the person in whose favor the tablet was sent in). || By metonymy, the general voice, omnium consensus, consensus publicus :there is only one voice, concerning anything, omnes uno ore in aliqua re consentiunt :to have the first voice, principatum sententiæ tenere.
VOICELESS, || Silent, mute, sine voce (general term) :elinguis (of one who cannot articulate a sound or word ; without speech or tongue) :mutus (speechless from nature, mute). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mutus et elinguis :mutus atque elinguis (opposed to facundus) :stupidus (that has lost his voice from amazement, etc.).I am voiceless, nihil fari queo :to make anybody voiceless or speechless, aliquem elinguem reddere. [Vid. also, DUMB.] || Having no vote, cui surfragii latio non est.
VOID, adjective || Empty, Vid. || Vacant, vacuus (e. g., an office).The place is void, or vacant, locus vacat :to be void, vacuum esse : vacare. || Vain, cassus (without use or effect ; e. g., exertions, labores, etc.) :inanis (without worth, useless in itself ; e. g., thought, cogitatio ; exertions, contentiones) :irritus (the same as if not begun, frustrated ; e. g., an undertaking, inceptum ; exertion, labor). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vanus et irritus :irritus et vanus :futilis (not tenable ; e. g., opinion, sententia) :nullus (as good as none ; e. g., nulla est hæc amicitia) :fragilis : caducus, or (The words are found in this connection and order.) fragilis caducusque, or fluxus atque fragilis (without duration, perishable) :ad rem ipsam or ad rei naturam non pertinens :quod ad rem non pertinet (not belonging to the essence of a thing) :a re alicujus (foreign to a thing, unsubstantial) :invalidus (ineffectual ; opposed to fortis, valens : Cf., inefficax not before the Silver Age) :inutilis (unfit fur, not to the purpose ; opposed to utilis, saluber).To make or render anything void, aliquid irritum facere (to take away its legal power ; e. g., a testament) :aliquid rescindere (to annul, make void, cancel e. g., a testament, agreement, verdict). (The words are found in this connection and order.) rescindere et irritum facere, or ut irritum et vanum rescindere (a testament) :refigere (to undo, tear off, as a publication that has been posted up ; hence ; e. g., legem, to recall, revoke).To declare anything null and void, aliquid tollere et irritum esse jubere :to consider anything void, aliquid pro irrito habere :to be void, inanem esse ; vacuum esse :of anything, vacare, vacuum esse (ab) aliqua re :to leave void, inanem relinquere (in such manner that nothing enters into the object) :vacuum relinquere (in such manner that something can yet be added, to leave a blank, not to fill up ; e. g., a sheet of paper, tabellam) :purum relinquere (e. g., spatia, not to embellish with paintings, etc.) :void of anything, privatus or spoliatus aliqua re :void of words, inops verborum or verbis :void of spirit, ingenii sterilis (Seneca, Benef., 2, 27, 1) :an age void of great examples, seculum virtutum sterile (Tacitus, Hist., 1, 3, 1) :void of joy or pleasure, voluptate carens :voluptatis expers :a life void of joy or pleasure, vita sine lætitia ac voluptate peracta :void of feeling, sensus expers :nihil sentiens (properly) :durus : ferreus :inhumanus (improperly) :I am not quite so void of all feeling as, etc., non sum ita ferreus, qui, etc.
VOID, s., locus vacuus (an empty space, a vacuum) :lacuna (a hollow ; also, improperly, loss, want ; e. g., of property) :hiatus, -ûs (an opening, a gap) :inanitas (emptiness) :inane : vacuitas :vacuum (properly ; vid. SYN. in EMPTY) :vanitas (improperly, the want of intrinsic value in anything ; then, also, in a spiritual sense, of the mind of man, vid. Herzog, Sall., Cat., 20, 3).A void left by anyone in treating on a subject, pars ab aliquo relicta :to fill up a void, lacunam explere (with regard to space or to number) :this speech has left a great void in my mind, * hæc oratio mihi prorsus non satisfecit.
VOID, v.,|| To empty, vid. || To leave empty, inanem relinquere :vacuum relinquere [SYN. in VOID]. || To vacate [vid. “to make VOID”]. || To emit, alvum or ventrem exonerare :alvum exinanire, evacuare ; also, alvum dejicere, subducere, purgare, solvere (the latter if by purging).To void thefield, inferiorem discedere :vinci.
VOLATILE, volaticus (Cicero, who adds modo huc, modo illuc!) :volaticus ac levis (Seneca, Ep., 42, med. Cf., Not volatilis = winged, or fleeting).
Vid. also, LIGHT, FRIVOLOUS.
VOLATILITY,By circumlocution with the adjective :ingenium volaticum (et sui simile) :modo huc, modo illuc (after Cicero Att., 13, 25, 3).
Vid. also, LIGHTNESS, FRIVOLITY.
VOLCANIC, flammas eructans :ignes or flammas evomens.The soil contains volcanic matter, ignibus generandis nutriendisque soli naturalis materia (Justinus, 4, 1, 3).
VOLCANO, mons, e cujus vertice ignes erumpunt (after Cicero, Verr., 4, 48, 106) ; mons flammas eructans (after Justinus, 4, 1, 4) ; mons arenas flammarum globo eructans (after Plinius, 2, 103, 106) ; collis evomens flammas (Plinius, 3, 9, 14, § 93). Cf., Not mons ignivomus.
VOLITION, voluntas. Vid. WILL, s.
VOLLEY, * tormentorum bellicorum et sclopetorum strepitus (Dan.) :A volley of abuse, insectatio :cavillatio (satirical abuse) :to discharge a volley of abuse at anyone, aliquem insectari, insectationibus petere ; aliquem cavillari (in a satirical or ironical manner) :lacessere aliquem dictis (to censure, to criticise) :truci oratione in aliquem invehi :inclementius in aliquem invehi.
VOLUBILITY, volubilitas. Vid. also, FLUENCY.
VOLUBLE, volubilis. Vid. also, FLUENT.
VOLUME, || Any thing rolled up, volumen (especially a writing). If = book, vid. || A mass, vid. A volume of water ; to be rendered by the plural, aquæ (waters) a volume of smoke rises from, fumus evolvitur ex.
VOLUMINOUS,A voluminous work, multa volumina continens :a voluminous writer, auctor per multa volumina diffusus (Columella, 1, 1, 10).
VOLUNTARILY, voluntate (of or by one’s own will or determination, ἐθελοντί ; opposed to vi or invitus et coactus) : judicio et voluntate :sponte sua (tua, etc.) :sponte (without inducement, from one’s own impulse, ἑκουσίως). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sua sponte et voluntate ; ultro (without order or command, αὐτομίτως ; opposed to alicujus jussu or jussus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sponte et ultro.To do any thing voluntarily, voluntate facere aliquid (opposed to invitum et coactum facere ; vid. Livius, 39, 37) :to die voluntarily, voluntariam mortem sibi consciscere (for which Tacitus says, poetically, voluntario exitu cadere : sponte mortem sumere : voluntate exstingui).
VOLUNTARY, voluntarius (ἐθελούσιος, ἐθελοντής, from one’s own choice) :volens (of one’s own will ; opposed to coactus) :non coactus, non invitus (without compulsion or external incitement, ἑκών, ἑκούσιος). Cf., spontaneus (αὐτόματος) and ultroneus (αὐτοκέλευστος) differing as sponte and ultro, not identical with voluntarius, occur first in Seneca, Ep., and Quintilianus, 2, 59, 7, and were probably formed by Seneca for his philosophical style. Instead of them we usually find sponte and ultro with a participle suited to the context ; e. g., a voluntary motion, motus sua sponte factus (for motus spontaneus in Seneca), etc.
VOLUNTEER, voluntarius miles : voluntarius ; plural, milites voluntarii :voluntariam extra ordinem professi militiam :qui voluntariam sequuntur militiam (who have offered themselves for military service) :evocati (veterans, who when called upon serve again).To enroll volunteers, voluntarios milites conscribere :to collect a corps of volunteers, manum voluntariorum cogere :to serve as a
volunteer, voluntariam sequi militiam (under the standard of any one) :castra alicujus sequi.
VOLUPTUARY, voluptarius (given up to sensual pleasures ; also of things) :ad voluptates propensus : voluptatibus deditus.To lead the life of a voluptuary, delicate vivere :ad voluptates propensum esse.
VOLUPTUOUS, voluptarius (of persons or things, Cicero ; voluptuosus only in Plinius and later writers) :libidinosus, impudicus (of persons or things ; voluptuous in a high degree, and at the same time lasciviotis, intemperate, etc.) :delicatus (effeminate ; e. g., homo, sermo).
Voluptuous eyes, oculi lascivi et mobiles ; oculi natantes et quadam voluptate suffusi, et, ut ita dicam, venerei (Quintilianus).A voluptuous life, vita libidinosa ; vita libidinibus dedita or in libidines effusa.
VOLUPTUOUSLY, molliter :delicate. (The words are found in this connection and order.) delicate ac molliter (Cicero) ; libidinose, lascive ; or by voluptatibus, libidine.
VOLUPTUOUSNESS, voluptas :libido : lascivia.
VOLUTE, voluta (Vitruvius).
VOMIT, s., vomitus :vomitio (that which is vomited, Plinius).
VOMIT, v.,vomere :evomere :vomitu reddere.
VOMITING,In the general sense of ejecting from any hollow, to be rendered by the presentparticiple of To Vomit.|| A throwing up from the stomach, vomttus : vomitio. (Anything) that causes vomiting, vomitorius ; to cause or bring on vomiting, vomitionem ciere, movere, facere, evocare :vomitum creare :to check vomiting, vomitionem sistere, inhibere, cohibere.
VOMITIVE, || Anything that causes vomiting ; e. g., * pulvis vomitorius (a powder) :* ipecacuanha (a wort) :bulbus vomitorius (Plinius) :* radix vomitoria (a root) :* tartarus emeticus (tartar emetic).To give or order anybody a vomitive, aliquem vomere cogere. Vid. also, EMETIC.
VORACIOUS, edax :cibi avidus (that eats much) :gulosus (dainty) :vorax (greedy, gluttonous).
VORACITY, edacitas :aviditas cibi :voracitas (late).
VORTEX, vortex (Cf., turbo = whirlwind).
VOTARY, deditus, or addictus alicui, or alicui rei :devotus alicui or alicui rei (post-Augustan) :studiosus alicujus or alicujus rei. SYN. and PHRASES in DEVOTED.
VOTE, s., || Properly, suffragium (of a Roman citizen in the comitia) :sententia (of a senator, judge, or of the people in the comitia) :punctum (properly, a mark in the tablet of a candidate).To give one’s vote by word of mouth, sententiam dicere ; in writing, sententiam scribere :vote and interest, suffragatio (Cicero) :a casting vote, perhaps * suffragium or punctum decretorium :* vox decretoria :to canvass for votes, ambire ; circumire (circumire stronger than ambire :Cicero, Att., 14, 21, Antonium circumire veteranos, ut acta Cæsaris sancirent ; that is, he made in his canvassing the round from first to last : ambire would only express his canvassing, and addressing the veterans in general ; Vid. Döderlein, p. 12).To take the votes (in the Senate), patres in sententiam discedere or ire jubere ; (in the comitia), populum in suffragium mittere ; (in judicial trials), sententiam ferre jubere :to give one’s vote, vid. the verb. || Figuratively, Vid. VOICE.
VOTE, v.,sententiam ferre (to give a vote, said of a senator or a judge, or of the people in the comitia. Cf., Not, in this sense, sententiam dicere or dare, which = “to give an opinion,” “declare one’s sentiments :” said of a senator who proposes a measure or makes a motion in the Senate ; whence the phrase in sententiam alicujus discedere, “to vote with anybody,” “to support his measure”) :suffragium ferre (said of individuals in the comitia) :in suffragium ire :suffragium inire (of the people in the comitia. Cf., Not suffragia dare, which = “to suffer to vote,” “to give the privilege of voting” = suffragium impartiri).To vote concerning, sententiam ferre de aliquo or de aliqua re (of judges) :suffragium ferre de aliquo or de aliqua re (in the comitia).To vote in favor of a senator’s motion, in sententiam alicujus discedere :to vote in favor of or with, in sententiam pede (or, of several, pedibus) ire :to vote for (a candidate), suffragio suo ornare aliquem :suffragio suo adjuvare aliquem in petendis honoribus :suffragari alicui ad munus :to vote for anything, suffragari alicui rei.
VOTER, qui suffragium fert (one who gives his vote) :qui suffragium or suffragii jus habet (one who has the right of voting) :qui sententiam fert, etc. :suffragator (a voter in favor of anybody, supporter).
VOTIVE, votivus.
VOUCH, confirmare aliquid :fidem facere alicui rei. vid. ASSURE.
VOUCHER, || One who vouches for anything, auctor (general term) :testis (a witness ; properly or figuratively) :confirmator (only properly ; one that gives security for money ; vid. Cicero, Cluent., 26, 77).A sure voucher, auctor or testis locuples (properly) ; auctor certus or gravis (properly and figuratively).|| Receipt produced.To produce vouchers of one’s account, * rationem apochis additis probare.|| A warrant, vid.
VOUCHSAFE, præstare (to perform, furnish) :concedere (to grant, concede ; e. g., aliquid alicui non petenti ac sine præcautione) :aliquid faciendi potestatem facere (to give permission ; e. g., colloquendi secum potestatem facere).To vouchsafe to grant a petition, alicui petenti satisfacere or non deesse ; facere quæ aliquis petiit ; alicujus precibus indulgere (opposed to alicujus preces repudiare ; alicui petenti deesse or non satisfacere).κυρικιμασαηικο
VOW, s., votum (a wish connected with a vow) :voti sponsi or nuncupatio (the uttering a vow in due form before witnesses) :devotio alicujus rei (a vow to do something, with the idea of a sacrifice ; e. g., devotio vitas).Sacred vows, which act as hindrances or impediments, religiones (Cæsar, B. G., 5, 6, Herz.).To make a vow, votum facere, suscipere (general terms) :votum nuncupare (to pronounce before witnesses) :to fulfil or perform a vow, votum solvere, exsolvere, persolvere, or reddere :to be bound by a vow, religione voti obstrictum esse ; voti sponsione obligatum esse :to consider one’s self bound by a vow, se voto teneri putare :to release anybody from a vow, liberare aliquem voto :to be hindred by (sacred) vows from doing anything, religionibus impediri (quo minus aliquid faciam).
VOW, v.,|| Transitively, spondere :despondere (solemnly or judicially) :promittere (Cf., not polliceri = to promise) :vovere :devovere (in a religious sense).|| Intransitively. To declare positively, affirmare :confirmare (to assert the certainty of a thing emphatically) :asseverare (to maintain a thing earnestly ; asserere is bad in this sense), with de, or accusative and infinitive : pro certo affirmare ; sancte affirmare ; with an oath, jurejurando affirmare or confirmare.He vowed with an oath that he would give, etc., jurejurando confirmavit — daturum, etc.
VOWEL, litera vocalis, or vocalis only.Clashing of vowels, vocalium concursus (Quintilianus).
VOYAGE, s., navigatio (on board a ship, or by water in general) :cursus maritimus (at sea) ; also by circumlocution with navigare ; e. g., not used to a (sea) voyage, (look among the following phrases), peregrinatio transmarina (a sojourning in countries beyond the sea).Not accustomed to a (sea) voyage, insuetus navigandi :until then my voyage went on pretty well, although slowly, ego adhuc magis commode quam strenue navigavi :to undertake or set out on a voyage, navigationem suscipere ; navigare mare (to be actually at sea) :to give up a voyage, navigationem dimittere : a voyage out ; e. g., we performed it safely, * salvi eo advecti sumus.
VOYAGER, vector (on board a ship, passenger) :peregrinator :peregrinans (that travels in foreign countries).
VULGAR, vulgaris : usitatus (usual) :vulgatus (common and well known ; Quintilianus, Livius) :more or usu receptus : in usu or more positus (received as a custom, or generally received) :tritus (that has been and is still in use) :obsoletus (that has become common) :quotidianus (occurring every day). (The words are found in this connection and order.) usitatus et quotidianus ; vulgaris et obsoletus ; communis et vulgaris : vulgaris communisque.The vulgar, plebs :vulgus :fæx populi [SYN. in COMMONS] :to be vulgar, in usu esse (usual) :a vulgar opinion, opinio vulgaris or vulgi ; sententia vulgaris ; communis hominum opinio ; opinio vulgata (with reference to anything) ; omnium opinio de re :the vulgar opinion that, etc., opinio vulgata, qua creditur, etc. (vid. Livius, 40, 29) :according to the vulgar opinion, ad vulgi opinionem ; ex vulgi opinione :to render a word vulgar by frequent use, tractando facere usitatius verbum et tritius ; verbum usu mollire :a vulgar expression, verbum usitatum et tritum ; verbum vulgare or vulgi :this is not a vulgar expression, but a philosophical term, hoc non est vulgi verbum, sed philosophorum :a vulgar saying, proverbium sermone tritum.|| Ordinary, mean, low, vid. COMMON.
VULGARITY,By circumlocution with mores agrestes, etc. ; mores infimorum hominum, etc.
VULGARLY, vulgo. Vid. also, COMMONLY.
VULGATE, * vulgata sacrorum librorum interpretatio.
VULNERABLE, quod vulnerari, quod vulnus accipere potest (after Cicero and Livius, ; e. g., elephants are most vulnerable under the tail, elephanti sub caudis maxime vulnera accipiunt, Livius, 21, 55).
VULNERARY, vulnerarius (Plinius).
VULTURE, vultur, -ŭris, m. ; vulturius, -i, m. (properly and figuratively).
VULTURINE, vulturinus (Plinius, Martialis).
WAD, v.,farcire (e. g., xylino).
WAD,
WADDING, * xylinum vestibus insuendum (for garments) ; quo farcitur, differcitur
aliquid (general term).
WADDLE, * anatis in modum incedere or vacillare (incedere, with reference to stateliness of gait ; vacillare, of the wavering of unsteady motions).
WADE, vado transire (Cæsar) ; vadare (Vegetius) :that can be waded through, vadosus.
WAFER, * massa signatoria.Consecrated wafer, * panis cœnæ sacræ.
WAFT, transmittere, trajicere (by water) :transportare, transvehere, or simply vehere (by land or water).
WAG, s., homo jocosus (Varro, Hor. Ep.) ; homo multi joci, ad jocandum aptus (Cicero).
WAG, v.,|| Transitively, quatere (Livius) ; quassare (Plautus) ; concutere (Ovidius) ; agitare (Cicero, to move, to wag) :movere (to move).To wag the tail, caudam movere (Sallustius), jactare (Persius). || Intransitively, agitari, moveri.
WAGER, sponsio (the proper word) :pignus (the stake).To lay a wager, sponsionem facere (with one, cum aliquo) ; pignore certare or contendere (cum aliquo) :to win a wager, sponsionem or sponsione vincere :to lay any wager, quovis pignore certare.
Wager of battle (at law), by provocare aliquem ad pugnam, ad certamen, etc. In barbarous Latin vadiatio duelli, vadiatio legis (technical term).
WAGES, || Properly, merces, -edis (of a laborer) :nanus pretium :manupretium :pretium laboris or operæ.To pay wages, mercedem alicui dare, tribuere, persolvere ; pretium operæ alicui solvere :to receive wages, mercedem accipere ab aliquo :good wages, merces magna (Cicero), digna (Columella) :poor, low wages, merces iniqua (Cicero) :fair wages, æqua laboris merces (Cicero) :to fix the rate of wages mercedem alicujus rei constituere (Cicero) :to offer high wages, magnam mercedem alicui proponere (Cicero) :to ask for wages, mercedem alicujus rei poscere ; laboris mercedem petere :to serve for wages, operas suas locare alicui (Plinius, Ep., 10, 55, 1). || Figuratively, merces (Livius) ; pretium (Terentianus) : (in a bad sense) pœna, supplicium (Cicero).
WAGGERY, verba jocosa, plural ; dicta jocosa, plural ; facetiæ.
WAGGISH, jocosus.
WAGGISHLY, jocose.
WAGON, carrus or carrum (four-wheeled, for baggage of war) :plaustrum (with two or four wheels, for burdens of all sorts) :plostellum (little wagon ; also, a play-wagon for children) :vehiculum (general term) :chiramaxium (Petronius, a child’s toy).
WAGONER, * carri or plaustri ductor ; * rector equorum ; * qui plaustrum regit (plaustarius, Pand.) :qui pro mercede vecturas facit (a public carrier).
WAGTAIL, motacilla (Plinius, Linnæus).
WAIL, flere :plorare. Vid. LAMENT, MOURN.
WAILING, ploratus (ploratio, Augustinus) :ejulatus : planctus. Vid. LAMENTATION.
WAIN,
Vid. WAGON.
WAINSCOT, s., tabulamentum (Frontinus) ; * tabulatio (parietum) ; abaci (panels). Cf., The walls of Roman apartments were usually adorned with paintings or mosaic work (pictura de musivo ; opus musivum) ; sometimes with slabs of marble (crustæ), or black glass to set as to resemble mirrors (Plinius, H. N., 35, 36).
WAINSCOT, v.,parietes tesseris operire (after Plinius, 36, 6, 7).
WAIST, * media pars (corporis, navis), truncus corporis (Cicero, the trunk).
WAISTBAND, cingulum (Cicero).
WAISTCOAT, perhaps colobium (a short vest without arms ; the form of the tunic at its first introduction). Cf., Not inducula, which was an undergarment worn by women (Plautus) :subucula (worn under the tunic).|| Strait-waistcoat, tunica molesta (Juvenalis, 8, 235, and Martialis, 10, 25).To put a strait-waistcoat on anybody, aliquem tunica molesta punire(Juvenalis) ; or simply aliquem constringere (Cicero) [vid. quotation under STRAIT]. || Flannel waistcoat, thorax laneus (worn by invalids, Suetonius, Aug., 81).
WAIT, s.,
Vid. AMBUSH.
WAIT, v.,manere (to stay in one’s place ; then, to stay until another comes) ; for anybody, aliquem ; opperiri (to stay in a place until one comes or returns, or until something happens) ; for anybody or anything, aliquem or aliquid ; præstolari (to be ready to receive anybody) ; for anybody, alicui, or (Cf., but not in Cicero) aliquem ; exspectare (to look forward to something which one has reason to expect) ; for anybody or anything, aliquem or aliquid.
Wait a little! mane paullisper! wait here a little while, parumper opperire hic. Cf., Exspectare, often = “to wait to see,” being followed by deponent interrogative clause ; thus, “whilst all men were waiting to see who would be so shameless”, etc., exspectantibus omnibus, quisnam tam impudens esset, etc. (Cicero)
WAIT FOR, manere aliquem or aliquid (denotes the mere physical act of remaining in a place till some one has come, or something has happened) : Cf., manere alicujus adventum, Livius, is poetical : exspectare aliquem , aliquid (denotes simply looking for something future, expectation as a feeling or mental act) :opperiri aliquem, aliquid (to remain in a place, and wait until anybody comes or anything follows, especially with a view to do anything then ; the word is rather poetical) :præstolari alicui, or (Cf., but not in Cicero) aliquem (to stand ready to receive anybody ; especially of servants, etc., waiting for their masters).to wait for the event of the war, belli eventum exspectare :to wait for the issue of anything, rei eventum experiri :to wait for good weather for sailing, navibus (navi) tranquillitates aucupari :to wait for (the arrival of) a fleet, classem opperiri :to wait at the door for anybody, alicui præstolari ante ostium.
WAIT UPON, famulari :ministeria facere :ministrare (asa servant ; the latter especially at table ; e. g., ministrare alicui cœnam ; ministrare alicui pocula) :apparere (to attend upon a magistrate as clerk, lictor, etc. ; vid. Daehne, Nep. Eum., 13, 1) :salutare, convenire aliquem ; also, aliquem salutatum venire, salutandi causa venire ; ad officium venire (with a view to pay one’s respects ; the latter especially with the idea of duty or obligation) :to wait frequently upon anybody, assiduitatem alicui præbere :to be ready to wait upon anybody (to be in an outer room for that purpose), in vestibulo ædium opperiri salutationem alicujus (Gellius, 4, 1, in.) :to wait upon anybody with anything, offerre (to offer) :præbere (to present) :suppeditare (to assist) :commodare (to lend), alicui aliquid.
WAITER, famulus (as a domestic servant) :minister (a helper, assistant) :apparitor : stator (of magistrates ; the latter, of those in the provinces).A female waiter, famula (as a domestic servant) :ministra (a female assistant) :ministra cauponæ :(at an inn, etc. ; Codex Justinianus, 9, 7, 1, § 1, Ritter) :ancilla (a maid-servant).|| Tray so called, repositorium (cf. Freund’s Lex., Petron., 35, 2, etc.).
WAITING, ministerium (as a servant, clerk ; Cf., ministratio occurs only Vitruvius, 6, 6 [9], 2 = help, assistance) :salutatio :officium (a visit of courtesy ; the latter, especially as a duty).Daily waiting, assiduitas quotidiana (with the notion of willingness, zeal).
WAKE, s., pervigilium, vigilia.
WAKE, v.,|| Transitively, aliquem somno excitare, suscitare (Cicero) :aliquem e somno expergefacere (Suetonius) ; also, excitare, exsuscitare only (Cicero) ; suscitare aliquem (Plautus).To wake anybody from the dead, aliquem excitare ab inferis, a mortuis ; revocare aliquem ab inferis or a morte ad vitam ; mortuum ab inferis excitare (Cicero). || Intransitively, expergisci ; expergefieri ; somno solvi. Vid. AWAKE, both Transitively and Intransitively.
WAKEFUL, exsomnis (sleepless) :vigilans :vigil (awake, properly and figuratively).To be wakeful, vigilare (properly) : excubare (figuratively).
WALK, s., ambulatio :spatium (first as action ; then as the place in which one walks up and down) :deambulatio : inambulatio (as action ; SYN. in WALK, v.) :ambulacrum (place in which one walks for pleasure) :xystus (explained by Vitruvius to be hypæthra ambulatio, a walk with trees or clipped hedges on each side, and generally adorned with statues).A covered walk, tecta ambulatio :a little walk, ambulatiuncula :κυρικιμασαηικοto take a walk, ambulationem conficere (in aliquo loco) [vid. To WALK].To go for a walk, ire or abire, ambulatum or deambulatum. || Mode of walk, gait, incessus ; ingressus (opposed to to lying, standing, etc.).A quick, slow walk, incessus citus, tardus :an erect walk, incessus erectus ; ingressus celsus :an effeminate walk, incessus fractus. [Vid. GAIT.] || Path of life, vivendi or vitæ via.To choose one’s walk in life, deligere quam viam vivendi ingressuri simus. Sometimes vitæ conditio : gradus.
WALK, v.,ambulare (to walk leisurely up and down ; opposed to stare, cubare, currere, salire) :spitiari (to walk abroad, or in an open space ; opposed to the confinement of a room or house) : inambulare (to walk about within a circumscribed space) :deambulare (backward and forward, for exercise, or until one is tired), in aliquo loco ; obambulare alicui loco or ante locum ; Cf., aliquem locum is poetical (to a fixed point, or in front of) :gradi, ingredi, incedere : vadere (to advance, proceed, or, as synonym of gradi, etc., to walk on with firm steps, differs from the foregoing in this manner, that the gradiens makes uniform, man-like steps, by which he gives proof of his tranquillity of mind, and his grave or composed state of feeling ; vid. Cicero, Tusc., 1, 116, 110 ; the incedens makes measured, deliberate steps, as if conscious of being seen and noticed : hence of the affected gait of a vain person, or one desiring applause, incedere is the proper word ; vid. Seneca, N. Qu., 7, 31, 5 : the vadens takes cheerful and quick steps, by which he declares his strength
of mind and contempt of danger surrounding and awaiting him ; vid. Cicero, Tusc., 1, 40, 97 ; Livius, 2, 10 :the soldier in an onset in battle vadit ; the vigorous, considerate man, graditur ; the soldier in marching, the consul or prince when he makes a display, the vain man who would make a display, incedit).
When people walk too fast, nimiæ celeritates gressus quum fiunt(Cicero) :to take walking exercise, ambulandi exercitatione uti (Celsus) :to walk about, ambulare ; deambulare :to walk along, incedere ; ire (per viam) :to walk through, perambulare :to be a walking dictionary ; vid. DICTIONARY.
WALKER, ambulans :deambulans :qui ambulat or deambulat :ambulator (as a term of reproach).
WALL, s., murus (any wall, or single part of a wall ; in the plural, like our “walls,” it denotes a wall of great circumference ; and figuratively, both singular and plural, it is = a defence, bulwark) :mœnia (walls round a town ; hence, also, other buildings which furnish protection) :maceria (the proper word of fences made of weaker materials, as mud, brush-wood, etc., about gardens, country-houses, vineyards, woods, etc) :paries (a partition wall in a house or other large building) :propugnacula, -orum, nominative plural (bulwarks) ; propugnacula murique (also, figuratively = protection) :old, ruinous walls, parietinæ :a stone wall, murus lapideus :a brick wall, murus latericius :to build a wall, murum exstruere, ædificare ; parietem ducere :to lay the foundation of a wall, murum instruere (vid. commentators on Nepos, Them., 6, 4) :to surround a town with walls, urbem mœnibus cingere ; urbem mœnibus circumdare, or circumdare urbi mœnia :a breach in a wall, munimentorum ruinæ ; jacentis muri ruinæ :to make a breach in a wall, tormentis et arietum pulsu muros quatere ; muros arietibus quatere or ferire ; tormentis machinisque perfringere ac subruere muros ; muri partem ariete incusso subruere :there was already a considerable breach in the walls, muri pars, ariete incusso subruta, multis jam locis prociderat :to enter a town through a breach in the wall, per apertum ruina iter in urbem invadere ; per ruinas jacentis muri in urbem transcendere :to repair a breach in the walls (in haste), muros quassos raptim obstructis saxis reficere.
WALL, v.,murum exstruere, ædificare :parietem ducere (to build a wall) :murum excitare, educere (to build to a great height, as a tower, etc.).To wall six feet high, murum in altitudinem sex pedum perducere :to wall round, muro cingere, circumdare :to wall up, saxis condudere. Cf., Saxis obstruere is = block up, barricade.
WALLED, muro circumdatus.
WALLET, mantica (Horatius) :pera (Martialis).
WALL-FLOWER, * cheiranthus fruticulosus (Linnæus), or cheiri (Hudson and others).
WALLOW, se volutare :volutari (properly and figuratively : e. g., suo gaudet cœnoso lacu volutari, Columella ; cum omnes in omni genere et scelerum et flagitiorum volutantur, Cicero : in omni dedecore volutatus es, Auctor ad Herennium).
WALNUT, juglans or nux juglans (tree or fruit).
WALTZ, v.,* in gyrum saltare :* lente variare gyros.
WAN, pallidus :subpallidus :exsanguis. Vid. PALE.
WAND, virga :Mercury’s wand, caduceus.
WANDER, || Properly, errare ; about anything, circum aliquid (especially by mistake, not purposely, as one who has lost his way ; Cf., circumerrare is late) :vagari (to go hither and thither voluntarily, to have no fixed seat, purpose, or aim) :palari (to separate one’s self, to leave the company, to roam about singly ; e. g., per agros : Cf., errare is involuntary ; vagari and palari are both voluntary) :volitare aliquo loco (to flit about any where ; of birds ; figuratively of persons) :circumvolare or circumvolitare aliquid (to fly about : of birds : figuratively, of persons).To let the eyes wander, oculos circumferre. || Figuratively, aberrare aliqua re or ab aliqua re (e. g., proposito) : (in a speech) errare :vagari :vagari et errare :longius evagari or labi :ad alia errare : ratione longius progredi :extra cancellos egredi.
WANDERER, vagus : errabundus (Cf., not vagabundus) :erro (in Plinius) :planus (a vagrant, in Petronius ; in Cicero and Horatius = a juggler, impostor) :fugitivus (= a runaway slave).
WANE, s., deminutio luminis : (luna) senescens or decrescens (Cicero) : (lunæ) decrescentia (Vitruvius).
WANE, v.,decrescere (of the moon, Cicero) :deminui (to diminish). Vid. also, DECLINE.
WANNESS, pallor : color exsanguis (Ovidius).
WANT, s., penuria (opposed to copia, usually with a genitive of the thing wanted) :inopia (with a genitive, a being without what one requires ; absolutely, poverty, need) :egestas (absolutely, extreme need ; rarely with a genitive = great deficiency in anything) :desiderium (alicujus rei, a sensible want of a thing previously possessed) :defectio :defectus (alicujus rei, failure of a thing ; the former as an action, the latter as a state ; Cf., not = imperfection, intellectual or moral) :difficultas :angustiæ (with a genitive, embarrassment, difficulty, anxiety from the want of a thing) :vitium (defect, imperfection ; intellectual or moral).Total want, omnium rerum inopia, difficultas ; summæ angustiæ rerum necessariarum :want of money, pecuniæ or argenti penuria ; inopia argenti or argentaria ; difficultas rei nummariæ, or difficultas nummaria (general term) ; angustiæ rei familiaris (in housekeeping) :want of water, penuria aquarum ; in the springs or streams, defectus aquarum circa rivos :want of strength, defectio virium :want of friends, penuria amicorum :want of proofs, facts, inopia argumentorum :want of moderation, intemperantia :to have a want, suffer from want of anything, aliqua re carere (general term, not to have) ; aliqua re egere, indigere (to be painfully sensible of the want) ; alicujus rei inopia laborare, premi ; ab aliqua re laborare ; aliqua re premi (to be oppressed by the want) : anguste uti aliqua re (to be obliged to use a thing sparingly) :there is great want of a thing, magna est alicujus rei penuria :to occasion great want, magnas difficultates afferre :to come to want, ad inopiam venire :to live in want, vitam inopem colere ; in egestate esse or versari ; vitam in egestate degere :in great want, omnium rerum inopem esse.
WANT, v.,|| Transitively, egere aliqua re, seldom alicujus rei (to have want of, to require or have need of anything for any given purpose) :indigere aliqua re or alicujus rei (to feel the want of anything. Cf., Observe that in egere the notion of the absence of an object prevails, and by indigere actual privation is expressed) :carere (to be without a desirable possession ; Cf., not = to want what is absolutely necessary ; opposed to habere) :opus or usus est aliqua re (the matter requires it, makes it necessary, circumstances make it imperative ; instead of which, Columella, 9, 2, 1, has opus habeo aliqua re) :desiderare aliquid (to long for anything that one has not, not to like to be without it) :requirere aliquid (to consider anything necessary or requisite).Not to want anything, aliqua re carere posse (i. e., to be able to do without it) ; or facile supersedere posse :what do we want to have many words about? quid opus est verbis? I want anything, opus or usus est mihi aliquid or aliqua re (Cf., vid. above on Columella, 9, 1, 5) :egeo or indigeo aliqua re (I want = should like to have it ; vid. above, the difference of SYN.) :I do not want anything, aliqua re carere possum (= can do without) ; aliqua re supersedere possum (it can be dispensed with) :I (we, etc.) want to, etc., to be rendered by opus est aliquid or aliqua re (alicui) : usus est aliqua re (alicui), (the latter, however, seldom in prose) ; opus est (generally with infinitive, seldom with subjunctive) ; necesse est or oportet (with accusative and infinitive, or with subjunctive = it is necessary for me [you, etc.] to, etc.) ; est, quod or cur (there is a cause or call for anything ; i. e., for me [you, etc.] to do so, or I consider it necessary, and thus I want to, etc.).I want to do anything, aliquid faciendum puto (consider it necessary to be done) ; necesse est me aliquid facere (must do it by all means). Cf., = to be wanting in anything, [vid. To FAIL]. || To wish, be desirous of [vid. To DESIRE]. Cf., Velim, vellem, (I wish = should like) are used with this difference, that the present tense denotes rather a necessity for doing or having anything done, and the imperfect a condition on which the wish is established ; both are used with following subjunctive (Zumpt, § 624 ; Krüger § 461, art. 1). I want (am desirous) neither…nor, …neque…neque in animo est (vid. Tacitus, Germ., 3, quite at the end).I want to know, to hear, etc., aveo or valde aveo scire, audire, etc. :I want so much more to learn, etc., multo magis aveo audire, etc. :to want very much to hare, etc., alicujus rei desiderio flagrare or cruciari :to want anybody to do, perform, etc., anything, contendere ab aliquo (with following ut, etc., or sollicitare aliquem ad aliquid, or with ut, etc.) :I want anything (e. g., a sum of money) from anybody, aliquis debet mihi aliquid :go, if you want to go, ite, si itis :drink, if you want to drink, bibe, si bibis :do you want anything of me? num quid me vis? what is it you want? quid est quod me velis? I want to have it so, hoc ita fieri volo :I want to have this destroyed, hoc deletum esse volo :the matter wants or requires some management, * res poscit ut diligenter tractetur, or * res diligenter tractari vult :what does our father want? quid pater sibi vult? I want to go to Rome, Romam volo, cogito :where do you want to go to? quo pergis? if they want the old price of corn again, si annonam veterem volunt :what is it you want ? quid
velis? || To be wanting, suffer want, Intransitively, alicujus rei inopia laborare, premi, or simply ab aliqua re laborare :aliqua re premi (to be pressed or borne down by want) :anguste uti aliqua re (to be stinted for, badly off for) :magna inopia necessariarum rerum laborare (stronger term) :vitam inopem colere ; in egestate esse or versari ; vitara in egestate degere ; rerum inopem esse (stronger term) ; also, in summa mendicitate esse ; mendicitatem perpeti :not to suffer anybody to want, victum alicui suppeditare ; dare alicui unde utatur. Vid. WANTING.
WANTING (to be), deesse (of that which ought to be present = to be missing) :abesse (to be absent, not to be present, sometimes without being missed ; vid. Cicero, Brut., 80, 276, hoc unum illi, si nihil utilitatis habebat, abfuit ; si opus erat, defuit) :deficere (to fail, cease) :desiderari (to be painfully missed).Something is wanting to me, careo aliqua re (I have it not) :egeo aliqua re (I should like to have it) :deficit mihi aliquid (anything fails me) ; or deficit me aliquid (anything leaves me, goes from me) :aliquid non suppedit (is not sufficiently at hand) :not to suffer anything to be wanting, nihil deesse pati (to suffer nothing to be missing) :nihil omittere ; nihil reliqui or reliquum facere (to omit nothing) :sumtibus non parcere (to spare no expense) :not to let care be wanting, nihil de diligentia relinquere :to be wanting to one’s self, (sibi) deesse ; non adesse :I will not be wanting, non deero (I will not withhold my assistance) :in me non erit mora (I will make no delay) :there are not wanting those who say, etc., sunt, qui dicant ; non desunt, qui dicant :that was still wanting to my misfortune, id mihi restabat mali (Terentius, Ad., 3, 3, 3) :there is much wanting, multum abest :there is little wanting that, etc., paullum (Cf., not parum, which = too little), haud multum, non longe abest, quin, etc. ; prope est, prope factum est, ut, etc. I have not been wanting to you in gratitude, tibi nullum a me pietatis officium defuit :to be wanting in exertion, non urgere studia sua :not to be wanting in proper attention or due care, nihil de diligentia relinquere.
WANTON, adjective || Lascivious, libidinosus (without restraint) :ad voluptates propensus ; voluptatibus or rebus venereis deditus ; libidinum plenus :libidine accensus (where a single instance, and not a habit, is implied) :impudicus (without shame) :A wanton life, vita libidinosa ; vita libidinibus dedita or in libidines effusa to be wanton, libidini deditum esse ; libidinum plenum esse :wanton eyes or look [vid. VOLUPTUOUS].|| Forward, mischievous, protervus ; petulans.
Wanton injuries, injuriæ quæ nocendi causa de industria inferuntur (Cicero).|| Froliesome, s.
WANTON, v.
Vid. To PLAY.
WANTONLY, libidinose :lascive :proterve :petulanter. SYN. in WANTON.
WANTONNESS, libido : lascivia :protervitas :petulantia. SYN., in WANTON.
WAR, s., bellum (general term) :arma, -orum (arms ; metonymy, for bellum) :tumultus (disturbance ; war that suddenly breaks out, especially near Rome ; cf. Cicero, Phil., 5, 19, 33 ; 8, 1, 2) :militia (military service).Offensive war, bellum quod ultro infertur ; bellum ultro inferendum (before it is begun), or illatum (when already begun).
War of extermination, bellum internecinum (Cf., not internecivum) ; bellum infinitum :to carry on a war of extermination, bellum ad internecionem gerere ; bello internecino certare ; bellum gerere cum aliquo, uter sit, non uter imperet :war by sea, by land, bellum navale ac maritimum ; bellum terrestre :civil war, bellum intestinum ; bellum or intestinum ac domesticum ; bellum civile :the war round about Mutina, bellum, quod apud Mutinam gestum est :war with the Gauls, bellum Gallicum ; bellum cum Gallis gestum :war with pirates, bellum piraticum :war with the tribunes (i. e., a struggle, contest), bellum tribunicium :a war on account of religion, a sacred war, bellum pro religionibus (or pro sacris) susceptum :in war, (in) bello ; belli tempore :in war and peace, domi bellique ; domo belloque ; domi militiæque (rarely, and only where an especial emphasis is to lie on belli and militiæ) ; also, belli domique ; militiæ domique :both in war and in peace, et domi et militiæ, et domi et belli (rarely, and more poetically, militiæque domique) :either in war or in peace, vel domi vel belli :equally great in war and in peace, magnus bello nec minor pace ; non præstantior in armis quam in toga :to meditate war, ad bellum animum intendere ; de bello cogitare ; ad belli cogitationem se recipere ; consilium de bello inire :to seek an occasion of war, bellum quærere :to find an occasion of war, bellandi causam reperire :to cause, occasion, raise a war, bellum movere, commovere, concitare, excitare ; bellum facere ; with anybody, alicui ; in a country, in aliqua terra :to prepare one’s self for war, bellum parare, apparare, comparare, adornare, or instruere :to threaten anybody with war, bellum alicui minari or minitari (through ambassadors) ; bellum alicui denunciare (Cf., never = to declare war ; in Cicero, Off., 1, 11, 36, it has the sense here given ; cf. Cicero, Phil., 6, 2, 4) :to resolve upon war, bellum decernere (of the Senate) :bellum jubere (of the people) :to declare war against anybody, bellum alicui indicere (also figuratively ; e. g., philosophiæ) :to begin a war, bellum inchoare or incipere ; belli initium facere (Cf., never bellum capessere in this sense) :to enter upon a war, bellum suscipere, with anyone, cum aliquo (also figuratively) : Cf., bellum sumere (cum aliquo) is obsolete ; vid. Walch., Tacitus, Agr., 16, p. 224.To make war upon, bellum or arma alicui (or alicui terræ) inferre (Cf., but not in aliquam terram, which, in Nepos, Hann., 4, 2, is = bellum in aliquam terram transferre or transmittere) :arma capere or ferre contra aliquem (to take up or bear arms against) :bello aliquem tentare or lacessere (to attack).To take part in a war, partem belli capessere :a war breaks out, bellum oritur or cooritur ; violently, exardescit :war rages in a country, terra bellum ardet or flagrat :to carry on war, bellare :bellum gerere (of a prince or a people ; also of a general : Cf., bellum ducere, in this sense is not Latin) :belligerare (stronger than bellum gerere, and more rare in prose) :bellum habere (to be in a state of war, to be at war).To conduct a war, bellum agere (to manage a war, to sketch out the plan of it, and arrange everything necessary for conducting it, vid., Cæsar, B. G., 3, 8 ; Nepos, Hann., 8, 3, where bellum gerere could not stand) :bellum administrare (Cf., never gubernare ; to have the superintendence and administration of a war ; of a commander-in-chief).To carry on war with anyone, bellare, belligerare cum aliquo, contra or adversus aliquem ; bellum gerere cum aliquo, contra or adversus, or (rarely) in aliquem (general terms) :bellum habere susceptum cum aliquo (to have entered upon a war with) :castra habere contra aliquem (to have taken the field against) :bello or armis persequi aliquem (to pursue with war).To protract a war, bellum ducere or trahere :to conclude or finish a war, belli or bellandi, or (more rarely) bello or bellando, finem facere (general term) :ab armis discedere (by a voluntary laying down of arms) :bellum conficere or perficere ; debellare (by force of arms, by entire defeat of the enemy) :bellum componere (by treaty) ; perfectly, nullam partem belli relinquere :totius belli confectorem esse : bellum tollere, delere. (Cf., Avoid bellum patrare, Quintilianus, 8, 3, 4.) To bring a war near to an end (especially by a great or masterly stroke), bellum profligare (Cf., this is the correct meaning of this expression ; vid. Cicero, ad Div., 12, 30, 2 ; bellum profligatum ac pæne sublatum est, Flor., 2, 15, 2 ; of the three Punic wars considered as one great one, primo tempore commissum est bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum, cf. Suetonius, Oth., 9).The war was terminated by a single battle, uno prœlio debellatum est :art of war res militaris ; militia (that to what soldiers are trained) :disciplina bellica or militaris (as opposed to other arts ; vid. Cicero, N. D., 2, 64, 161) :artes belli (arts of war, as practised by generals, etc : a single art, ars belli) :Man of war, if = warrior, vid. ; if= ship of war, navis bellica (general term †) navis longa ; navis rostrata ; quinqueremis [vid. SHIP] :to learn war or the art of war, rem militarem or militiam discere :militare discere ; under anyone, sub aliquo :war-footing, belli ratio :to put the army on a war-footing, exercitum or copias omnibus rebus ornare atque instruere : exercitum instruere (cf., Herzog, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 18) :to put the navy on a war-footing, classem expedire atque instruere (vid. Hirtius, B. Alex., 25) :the army is on a war-footing, exercitus omnibus rebus ornatus atque instructus est.
WAR-CRY, cantus prœlium inchoantium (Livius) : Cf., baritus (nut barritus or barditus) was the battle-shout of the old Germans (Tacitus).To raise the war-cry, clamorem attollere.
WAR-HORSE, equus militaris (cavalry horse : Cf., equus bellator is poetical, but herein exactly corresponding to our term “war-horse”).
WAR-OFFICE, * consilium, quod res bellicas curat, or * consilium rerum bellicarum (as a body) :tabularium militare (as place for preserving military records, etc.).
WARBLE, fritinnire (of small birds, Varro, ap. Non. 7, 15 ; also, of a grasshopper) :vibrissere (by Festus, p. 179, Lindem., thus explained, vocem in cantando crispare ; i. e., to modulate with quavers, make a shake). Vid. also, under CADENCE.
WARBLER, qui, quæ canit, etc.
WARBLING, cantus dulcis ; or by circumlocution with the verb.
WARD, s., || In fencing,
ictus propulsatio. || A district of a town, circuitus (general term, any circuit) :vicus (a division of a town, consisting of several adjoining houses, dimensis vicorum ordinibus et latis viarum spatiis, Tacitus) :parœcĭa (παροικία, whence the corrupted form parochĭa, ecclesiastical, a parish) :regio (one of the divisions of Rome). || Custody, vid. || One under the care of a guardian, pupillus ; (feminine) pupilla.Relating to a ward, pupillaris.
WARD OFF, amovere (to avert, properly and figuratively ; e. g. bellum, calamitatem) :avertere (to turn away) :prohibere (to keep at a distance) :defendere (to repel) aliquid ab aliquo or aliquem ab aliqua re (vid. Herzog,Cæsar, B. G., 1, 31 ; Zumpt, § 469) :arcere aliquem re or ab aliqua re (to check, hinder from proceeding further) :propulsare aliquid ab aliquo, aliquem aliqua re or ab aliqua re (to drive off with all one’s might).To ward off war from the borders, defendere bellum (vid. Herzog, loco citato) :the toga wards off the cold, toga defendit frigus :to ward off the heat of the sun, nimios defendere solis ardores.To ward off a blow, ictum or petitionem cavere et propulsare, cavere, vitare.
WARDEN, custos.
WARDER, excubitor (by night or day) :vigil (by night).
WARDROBE, vestiarium (the place and the clothes together) :vestis scenica (the dresses of a theatre ; inscriptions) :choragium (dresses for the chorus in a theatre) :vestis :vestimenta, -orum, neuter (general term, clothes). Vid. also, CLOTHES.
WARDSHIP, tutela.
WARE, adjective,
Vid. AWARE.
WARE, s., merx, -cis, feminine (Cicero) ; mercimonium (Plautus, revived by Tacitus).
WAREHOUSE, * horreum mercibus asservandis : horreum :cella (store-house) :emporium, forum venalium (as place of sale) :taberna (a shop).There are many well-stored warehouses in this city, * hac in urbe magna vis mercium deposita, recondita est.
WAREHOUSE-MAN, * horrei custos.
WARFARE,
Vid. WAR.
WARILY, provide : caute :circumspecte :considerate : diligenter.To go warily to work, circumspectius facere aliquid ; cautionem adhibere in re :to set about anything very warely, omne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re.
WARINESS, cautio :circumspectio.To act with wariness, omnia circumspicere :to proceed with wariness, cautionem adhibere alicui rei or in re ; caute versari in re ; caute tractare aliquid.To use all possible wariness, omne genus cautionis adhibere.
WARLIKE, || Like a warrior or war, militaris. He had a manly and warlike appearance, inerat in eo habitus virilis vere ac militaris (cf., Livius, 28, 35, 6) :things have a very warlike appearance, omnia belli speciem tenent (after Livius, 5, 41) :omnia belli apparatu strepunt (people are every where preparing for war).The whole political horizon wears a warlike aspect, res ad arma spectant. || Inclined to or disposed for war, etc., bellicosus (of a warlike disposition ; also of time in which many wars are carried on ; e. g., Livius, 10, 9, annus bellicosus) :ferox (ferocious) Cf., acer, strenuus, impiger, or bonus militiæ, belong to the poetic prose of the Silver Age.
WARM, v.,|| Transitively, tepefacere (to make lukewarm) :calefacere (to make hot) :fovere (to warm by internal or animal heat).To warm one’s self, corpus calefacere or refovere :to warm one’s self at the fire, igni admoto artus refovere :to warm again, recalefacere (e. g., water) :recoquere (to dress again ; e. g., food).
Warmed up cabbage, crambe repetita (Juvenalis, 7, 154) :warmed up again, hesternus (i. e., prepared for yesterday’s dinner e. g., soup warmed up again, jus hesternum) :to keep meat warm (on hot plates), epulas fovere foculis ferventibus (on hot pans of coals). || Intransitively, calefieri, calescere ; tepefieri, tepescere (properly) ; excandescere (figuratively).
WARM, adjective, || Properly, calidus (the proper word; opposed to frigidus) :tepidus (lukewarm) :fervidus (very warm, hot) :spissus (thick, and so promoting warmth ; of clothing).A warm day, dies calidus :warm water, aqua calida, or, simply, calida, calda :a warm winter, hiems tepida :a warm bath, balneum calidum ; calida (singular) ; thermæ (plural) :to be warm, calere :fervere, candere (to be very warm) :it is warm (of the weather), calet ær ; calida est tempestas :to grow warm, calescere, calefieri ; also, (of the weather) incalescere. ||Figuratively, calidus :acer :incitatus :intentus :intimus (of friendship, etc.).A warm imagination, calidior, acrior quædam vis imaginandi :he is a very warm friend to me, illum habeo amicorum principem (Cicero) :warm friendship, love, amicitia intima :amor intimus :there was warm work that day (in fighting), acriter, pertinaciter, magna virium contentione pugnatum est hoc die :to be a warm friend of liberty, or of one’s country, studiosissimum, amantissimum esse libertatis, salutis publicæ.
WARMING-APPARATUS (for an apartment), impressi parietibus tubi, per quos circumfunditur calor, qui ima simul et summa fovet æqualiter.
WARMING-PAN, * vas excalfactorium.
WARMLY, || Properly, not calide in this sense.By circumlocution with the adjective or verb. || Figuratively, calide (Plautus) ; vehementer ; acriter : or by circumlocution
WARMTH, || Properly, calor (general term) :tepor (moderate) :fervor (intense).The natural warmth of the body, calor vitalis. || Figuratively, calor.
Warmth of a speaker, calor dicentis :with warmth, calide :cum quodam animi fervore :animo incitatiore :to oppose anything with much warmth, vehementius, acrius, majore animi fervore oppugnare, impugnare aliquid.
WARN, monere, or præmonere, aliquem ut caveat.To warn of or against anything, monere or præmonere aliquid cavendum : monere or præmonere, de aliqua re :monere, ut vitet aliquis aliquid :monere, admonere, præmonere, ne.Not to scold anybody angrily, but warn him almost as a father, non inimice corripere aliquem , sedpæne patrie monere (Quintilianus) :to suffer one’s self to be warned, audire monentem :monenti obsequi :to refuse to be warned, negligere or spernere monentem.
WARNING, monitio :admonitio : monitus, admonitus (only in ablative) :hortatio, exhortatio (as act) :monitum, admonitum (warning given) :documentum (example) [SYN. in ADMONISH].Not to listen to anybody’s warnings, aliquem monentem non audire :to listen to anybody’s wise warnings, * audire or facere ea, quæ quis sapienter monuit :to punish anybody that others may take warning, exemplum in aliquo statuere, or in aliquem edere or constituere :supplicii exemplo ceteros deterrere :to take warning by anybody, exemplum sibi capere de aliquo :to let anything be a warning to one, habere aliquid sibi documento :to give warning to anybody, præmonere aliquem ut caveat :monere or præmonere aliquem ad cavendum : monere or præmonere de aliqua re :monere, ut vitet aliquis aliquid :to give anybody warning not to do anything, monere, admonere or præmonere ne, etc. :to take a warning, listen to a warning, audire monentem :monenti obsequi :to turn a deaf ear to a warning, negligere or spernere monentem :to be a warning to anybody, esse alicui documento :to give warning (of a master or servant), renunciare alicui (general term) ; perhaps (of the servant), * conductionem alicui renunciare.
WARP, s., stamen (Cf., subtemen or trama = the woof ; tela = the loom or the web ; poetically, sometimes, for the warp).
WARP, v.,|| Intransitively, fignum pandat (pandatur, Plinius) ; torquetur (Vitruvius). || Transitively, torquere. (Wood) that is warped, pandus.
WARPING (of wood), pandatio (Vitruvius, 7, 1, 1) :Ot by the verb.
WARRANT, v.,|| To authorize, alicui copiam dare or potestatem facere : to do anything, aliquid faciendi : alicujus rei faciendæ licentiam dare or permittere :mandare alicui, ut (to commission him to do it).To be warranted to do anything, potestatem aliquid faciendi habere ; sometimes mandata habere a aliquo. || To make anything legal or right, sancire : ratum facere or efficere : ratum esse jubere. Often by circumlocution with nulla est excusatio alicujus rei, si, etc. Friendship cannot warrant the commission of sin, nulla est excusatio peccati, si amici causa peccaveris ; or turpis excusatio est et minime accipienda, si quis se amici causa peccasse fateatur. Sometimes probare, comprobare (to approve of ; as in, “desires which reason does not warrant”). Some people consider that a great reason warrants sin, quidam excusari se arbitrantur, quia non sine magna causa peccaverunt :their speeches warrant me to hope, eorum sermonibus adducor ut sperem, etc. :to think himself warranted to do anything, sibi jus datum or potestatem datam putare :not to think himself warranted, non fas ease ducere ; haud licitum sibi aliquid putare. || To produce in anybody the feeling of certainty about anything, fiduciam facere alicui :fiduciam afferre alicui.To feel warranted of anything, magnam fiduciam habere alicujus rei. || To declare upon surety, alicui de re spondere. vid. SURETY.
WARRANT, s., || Authority, auctoritas (general term) :arbitrium (freedom to act according to one’s will) :potestas (power) :licentia (permission) :imperium (command) :testimonium : auctoritas testimonii (evidence).I have a warrant to do anything, mihi data est potentia or copia aliquid faciendi ; also, auctoritatem habeo alicujus rei faciendæ :public warrant, publica auctoritas :by the warrant of the Senate, (ex) auctoritate Senatûs. || Security, pledge, cautio.To buy a horse without a warrant [vid. UNWARRANTED] . || A positive and confident statement ; circumlocution by confirmare aliquid alicui ; confirmare de aliqua re ; or with accusative and infinitive. He gave
them a solemn warrant, which he confirmed by an oath, that he would let them pass unmolested through his territory, pollicitus est et jurejurando confirmavit, tutum iter per fines suos daturum.|| Order from a superior, conveying authority to act, mandatum :rescriptum (of the emperors) :literæ (from the context) :auctoritas (commission).
Warrant of caption, literæ quibus fugitivi nomen continetur et cetera (after Appuleius) :to send a warrant after anybody, literis accusatoriis fugitivum persequi :præmandare ut aliquis terrâ marique conquiratur (Vatin., ap. Cicero, ad Fam., 5, 9, 2).
WARREN, vivarium : locus septus, septum (if inclosed).
WARRENER, * vivarii custos.
WARRIOR, miles (general term, a soldier) :miles fortis (Cf., bellator, pugnator, prœliator, occur only in poets and in poetic prose ; in this respect corresponding with the ordinary use of our word “warrior”) :homo militaris, vir militaris (of persons experienced in war).A great, distinguished warrior, (juvenis) bello egregius (brave, etc.) : (vir) militiæ peritissimus (of a veteran general).To be a great, distinguished warrior, maximas res in bello gessisse ; bellica laude florere :to be as great a warrior as a statesman, magnum esse bello, nec minorem pace ; non præstantiorem esse in armis quam in toga :to be an experienced warrior and statesman, multum in imperiis magistratibusque versatum esse (Nepos, Milt. 8, 2 ; vid. commentators in loc.).
WART, verruca.Covered with warts, verrucosus (Cicero).
WARY, providus (with foresight) :cautus (with caution) :circumspectus (with circumspection) :consideratus (having judiciously weighed everything) :prudens (intelligent, prudent). (The words are found in this connection and order.) cautus providusque : prudens et providus :prudens et cautus : diligens (careful ; carefully observant).
WASH, v.,|| Transitively, Properly, lavare (general term) :abluere (with or without aqua ; to cleanse by water) :eluere (to wash out, especially vessels, stains out of anything) :perluere (to wash carefully or thoroughly).To wash the body, the feet, corpus, pedes, abluere or perluere (aqua) :to wash stains out of a garment, maculos vestis eluere or e veste abluere :to wash a pavement with water, pavimentum aqua perluere :to wash one’s hands, manus tergere, or sibi manus extergere (Plautus) :to wash the face, lavare vultum (Ovidius).Proverbially. To wash a blackamoor white [vid., WHITE]. || Figuratively, Said of the sea, locum alluere or subluere (from below).To be washed by the sea, mari adlui, contineri : mare adtingere :ad mare spectare. || To color, vid. || Intransitively. To wash, or wash one’s self, lavari :lavare (seldom, if ever, used by Cicero) ; in a shower-bath, aqua perfundi (vid. Auctor ad Herennium, 4, 9, 10) ; in a river, flumine corpus abluere ; in cold water, frigida lavari.
WASH, s., Washing, lavatio :lotio :lotura :ablutio (late ; vid. WASHING).To send anything to the wash, aliquid ad lavandum dare. || Cosmetic lotion, fucus (general term) :medicamentum (e. g., fucati medicamenta candoris et ruboris) :adjumentum ad pulchritudinem (Terentius, general term).|| Hogs’ wash, colluvies (Plinius, 24, 19, 116). || A wash of color, color tenuis.|| A marsh, vid.
WASH-BALL, gleba saponis (after Cæsar) :smegma (Plinius, a composition for smoothing the skin).
WASH-HAND-BASIN, aqualis :aquæmanalis (in late writers, aquiminale or aquiminarium) :malluvium (at sacrifices).
WASH-HAND-STAND, * abacus lavandi supellectilem continens :* abacus lavando inserviens.
WASH-HOUSE, * ædificium linteis lavandis.
WASH-TUB, * alveus or alveolus lavando inserviens..
WASHERWOMAN, * mulier lintea lavans.
WASHING, ablutio (Macrobius, Plinius) :lavatio (Plinius) :lotio (Vitruvius) :lotura (Plinius).
Washing of linen, * linteorum lavatio.Charge for washing, * lavandi merces :money for washing, * merces pro lavandi opera, pro lotione, solvenda, soluta :a washing bill, * scidula linteorum lavandorum index.
WASP, vespa.A wasp’s nest, nidus vesparum :to stir a wasp’s nest (proverbially), crabrones irritare (Plautus).
WASPISH, morosus :acerbus :tetricus (crabbed, morose) :stomachosus (irascible).
WASPISHLY, morose : acerbe :tetrice :stomachose.
WASPISHNESS, morositas :natura difficilis :stomachus.
WASTE, v.,|| Transitively. To consume, destroy, consumere :absumere :conficere (e. g., of care, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) conficere et consumere : haurire (of fire ; of which consumere, absumere, are also used).Anybody is wasted by grief, ægritudo exest alicujus animum :to be wasted by grief, mærore consumi :to waste one’s energies, strength, etc., vires consumere :time wastes all things, nihil est quod non conficiat vetustas :to waste itself, se conficere ; tabescere :wasting, tabificus (e. g., perturbationes, morbus) ; omnia hauriens (of fire). || To lavish (e. g., properly), effundere, conficere. (The words are found in this connection and order.) effundere et consumere : dissipare : κυρικιμασαηικοobligurire :lacerare (e. g., patrimonium, patria bona) :perdere (e. g., tempus ; or tempore abuti). || To devastate, vid. || Intransitively, se conficere : tabescere :contabescere (to waste away gradually ; of persons ; e. g., morbo, desiderio).
WASTE, adjective || Desolate, vid. || Devastated, by the past participle of verbs in To DEVASTATE.To lay waste, vastare ; devastare ; pervastare ; populari ; depopulari ; perpopulari [SYN. in To DEVASTATE] :to lay waste by fire and sword, ferro ignique or igni ferroque vastare ; ferro flammisque pervastare. || Uncultivated, incultus (opposed to cultus or consĭtus) :vastus (not planted with trees or built upon ; opposed to consitus, coædificatus).To stand or lie waste, vacare (of places or districts of a country, etc. ; vid. also, UNCULTIVATED). || Stripped, [vid. DEPRIVED]. || Worthless, useless, parvi pretii (of little value) :tenuis (slight, trifling) :levis (without intrinsic value, slight ; facete levidensis ; vid. also, SLIGHT). || Waste-book, adversaria, -orum, neuter (of merchants, Cicero, Rosc. Com., 2, 5) :manuale (ap. Martialis, 14, 84, a book of notices) :epitome (ἐπιτομή = summarium : liber in angustum coactus) :enchiridion (ἐγχειρίδιον, a hand-book, Pomponius, Digests 1, 2, 2). || Waste lands, loca deserta or inculta ; campi inculti (poetical) :also, deserta et inhospita tesqua (Horatius, Ep., 1, 14, 19) :loca exusta solis ardoribus (parched up by the sun) :also, regio deserta :loca deserta, or simply deserta, -orum, neuter (uninhabited from sterility, etc.) :also to be formed by vastus ab natura et humano cultu (entirely waste, Sallustius, Jug., 48, 2). || Waste-paper, chartæ ineptæ (Horatius, Ep., 2, 1, 270).To be used for waste-paper, inter chartas ineptas referri :to write verses fit only for waste-paper, * scribere carmina quæ inter chartas ineptas referri debent :a sheet of waste-paper, charta inepta (Horatius, Ep., 2, 1, 270). || Waste-wood, scobis or scobs (fragments of boring, filing, rasping, sawing, etc.) :recisamentum (from carving, etc.).
WASTE, s., || Destruction, vid. || Desolate tract of land [vid. “WASTE lands,” DESERT].Encroachment on a waste, building erected on a waste, proædificatum (= “quod in publicum solum processit,” Festus).|| Useless expenditure, sumtus effusi or profusi : profusa luxuria (luxury in general) :profusio (profusion, the act of spending wastefully ; vid. DISSIPATION).|| Loss, damnum : detrimentum :dispendium. [SYN. in LOSS.] (The words are found in this connection and order.) damnum et detrimentum :jactura atque damnum, or jactura et detrimentum. || Fallings-off in the working of any material, ramentum (of metals, skins, etc., by filing, scraping, etc.) :scobis or scobs (of wood, metals, by sawing, filing, boring, etc.) :intertrimentum :retrimentum (by melting) :recisamentum (by carving, chiseling, etc.). || Mischief, fraus (injury on the part of another by which we suffer) :noxa (damage which anybody causes by destroying anything). || A wasting disease ; vid. CONSUMPTION, DECLINE.
WASTEFUL, || Destructive, vid. || Desolate, uncultivated, vid. || Prodigal, prodigus (of one that does not consider the value of money or possession) :profusus :effusus (that lavishes or throws away what he possesses, although he knows its value ; also said of things ; e. g., sumtus ; i. e., wasteful expense).
Wasteful in anything, prodigus or effusus in aliqua re.
WASTEFULLY, perniciose (destructively, dangerously) :prodige (prodigally, in a lavishing manner : e. g., vivere).
WATCH, s. || Absence of sleep, vigilia (voluntary) :insomnia (involuntary). || Guard, vigilant keeping, custodia (general term) :vigilia (by night) :excubiæ (by day or night).To keep watch (by night or day), excubare (Cæsar) ; excubias agere (Tacitus) ; excubias habere (Plinius) ; (by night) vigilare ; vigilias agere (Cicero), or agitare (Plautus) ; vigilias servare (Curtius) :to stand upon the watch, in vigilia stare, manere. || Persons keeping guard, (by day) custodiæ (Nepos) ; excubiæ (Suetonius) ; excubitores (Cæsar) ; (by night or day) vigiles, vigiliæ (Cæsar) ; vigiles nocturni (Plautus) ; also, statio (literally, the station or post occupied by persons keeping guard ; then men on guard, whether by day or by night) :to set a strong watch about the house, domum magnis præsidiis firmare (Cicero) ; custodibus or custodiis sepire (Nepos). || A period of the night, vigilia (prima, secunda, etc.). || A pocket time-piece, horologium (ὡροκόγιον, general term for an instrument that shows the time of day ; horologium solarium, or solarium only = sun-dial ; clepsydra, κλεφύδρα = water-clock)
:horæ (the hours ; the time indicated by a sun-dial, etc. ; then sometimes for clock or watch ; as Cicero, N. D., 2, .38, 97).A watch goes, horologium movetur ; goes correctly, well, etc., horologii lineæ congruunt ad horas (of a sun-dial, in Plinius) :horologii virgula congruit ad horas (of a watch, adapted from Plinius) ; does not go well, horologii virgula non congruit ad horas ; goes too fast, or gains, * horologium celerius movetur ; too slow, loses, * horologium tardius movetur ; repeats, * horologium sono indicat horas :to set a watch, horologium diligenter ordinare (Plinius, 7, 60, 60) :to wind up a watch, * horologium intendere :a watch is gone down, horologium moveri desiit :spring of a watch, * elater horologii :works of a watch, machinatio qua horæ moventur (after Cicero, N. D., 2, 38, 97) :hand of a watch, * horologii virgula (Cf., gnomon was the pointer in a sun-dial).
WATCH, v.,|| Intransitively, Not to sleep [vid. To be AWAKE]. || To be vigilant and attentive, vigilare : advigilare : animum intendere circa, in, or ad aliquid, also, animum advertere alicui rei or ad aliquid :animum attendere ad aliquid (to direct or turn one’s attention to anything) :observare aliquid (to observe) :adesse animo or (if of several persons) animis : erigere mentem or (if of several persons) mentes auresque (both, to be attentive or intent upon the delivery of a speech) :operam dare alicui rei (to direct all one’s attention to) :custodire aliquem (to watch or observe anybody closely ; or, if secretly, aliquem alicujus oculi et aures non sentientem speculantur et custodiunt).To watch anything closely, acriter animum intendere ad aliquid ; acrem et diligentem esse animadversorem alicujus rei :to watch a time and opportunity, tempus, occasionemque observare. || To keep guard [vid. To GUARD]. || To be on the look-out, speculari :in speculis esse.To watch for anybody, exspectare aliquem :exspectare dum aliquis veniat (to wait till anybody comes) ; alicujus adventum captare ; (with desire) haud mediocriter (to look eagerly for the arrival of anybody, Planc, in Cicero, Ep., 10, 23) ; alicui insidiari (to lie in ambush for ; and, general term, to wait for) :to wait for anything, aliquid captare, observare ; aliquid aucupari (to waitfor an opportunity) ; speculari (followed by ne or quid, to look out ; Cf., only in Tacitus, and poets with an accusative = to wait for ; e. g., speculabor, ne quis adit ; speculabor, quid ibi agatur) :to watch for an opportunity, occasionem captare ; occasioni or in occasionem imminere ; for a favorable moment, tempus aucupari ; tempori insidiari (Livius, 23, 35). || Transitively, To guard, custodire (the proper word, also, figuratively = observare) :servare :asservare (to take care of).To be watched, custodiri ; in custodia esse :to cause to be watched, custodem or custodes imponere ; anything, alicui rei or (rarely) in re ; anybody, alicui (Cf., never in aliquo ; vid. Bremi, Nep., Cim., 4, 1) ; custodias alicui circumdare :to cause a place to be watched, locum custodiis munire :many eyes will observe and watch you, although you are not aware of it, multorum te oculi non sentientem speculabuntur atque custodient. || To observe narrowly, observare ; rem attendere. Vid. ATTEND.
WATCH-CASE, * theca horologii.
WATCH-CHAIN, * catella horologii.
WATCH-HOUSE, statio :custodia (militaris) :vigilarium (Seneca, Ep., 57, 4) :excubitorium (Publius Victor, De regionibus urbis Romae).To be put into the watch-house, in custodiam dari, tradi.
WATCH-KEY, * clavicula horologii.
WATCH-MAKER, artifex horologiorum (after Plinius 7, 60, 60).
WATCH-MAKING, ars horologia faciendi (after Plinius, 7, 60, 60).
WATCH-TOWER, specula.
WATCHFUL, vigilans (the proper word) :vigil (poetical).To be watchful, vigilem esse ; vigilare : advigilare :to keep a watchful eye upon anything or anybody, diligenter observare, custodire aliquid or aliquem ; sedulo curare aliquid :to be watchful over one’s self, se ipsum diligenter observare, custodire ; * diligenter cavere a peccatis.
WATCHFULLY, vigilanter.
WATCHFULNESS, vigilantia (the proper word) :cura : diligentia (care) :cautio :circumspectio (prudence, circumspection).
WATCHMAN, custos :vigil nocturnus (by night) :buccinator, qui horas nocturnas dividit (after Frontinus, Strat., 1, 9, 17, buccinator qui vigilias nocturnas dividit).
Watchmen, vigiles nocturni.To appoint a watchman, custodem imponere alicui rei or (more rarely) in aliqua re (e. g., custodem imponere in hortis fructus servandi gratia). Vid. also, WATCH, s.
WATCH-WORD, tessera (tablet on which the watch-word stands ; then watch-word itself) :signum (the sign, the watch-word itself, Cæsar, B. G., 2, 20 ; Tacitus, Ann., 1, 7, 3 ; cf. Silius, Ital., 15, 475, tacitum dat tessera signum).To give the watch-word, tesseram, signum dare (to anybody, alicui. Cf., Not significationem facere, which, in Cæsar, B. C., 3, 65, with fumo, as B. G., 2, 33, with ignibus, is = to give a signal) : (figuratively) to give the watch-word for anything, facem ac tubam esse alicujus rei ; facem præferre alicui (e. g., for war, sedition) :to be the watch-word to or for anything, signum esse aliquid faciendi.
WATER, s., aqua (plural, aquæ, of a large volume or mass of water : Cf., latex and lympha or unda are poetical only).Flowing water, aqua viva ; flumen vivum :standing or stagnant water, aqua stagnans :fresh (salt) water, aqua dulcis (salsa) :to fetch water, aquam petere :aquatum ire :aquari (if in large quantities ; e. g., of soldiers for the army) :to draw water from a well, aquam e puteo trahere :to draw water (of the sun), aquam colligere :vaporem ex aquis excitare :to convey water in a certain direction, aquam ducere, derivare :an overflow of water (= inundation), magnæ aquæ : aquæ super ripas effusæ :to put under water, irrigare (e. g., a field ; only poetical if = to inundate) :inundare (to overflow, inundate).A place is put entirely under water, locus late restagnat :to throw into the water, in aquam conjicere :to let one’s self down into the water, to swim underneath the water, urinari :that lives in the water, aquatilis :aquaticus :full of water, aquæ plenus (i. e., filled up with water) :aquosus (abounding in or full of water). || As opposed to land ; rivus (a brook) :flumen (a river) :mare (the sea).By land and water, terra marique :terra et mari :et terra et mari :et mari et terra : mari atque terra : Cf., terra marique most usual, the others only in cases where a peculiar stress is placed on the words ; not aqua et terra, which is not Latin. Proverbially. Still waters are deep, altissima quæque flumina minimo sono labuntur (Curtius, 7, 4, 13).To travel by water, navigare :not to venture to travel either by land or by water, neque navigationi neque viæ se committere :to send (out) goods by water, merces exportare or evehere :to back water, inhibere (which Cicero thought was only sustinere remos, so that the vessel might stop itself, but found it was alio modo remigrare ; cf. Cicero, Att., 13, 21, 4). || Urine, urina :to make water, urinam reddere (Celsus) ; facere (Columella) ; vesicam exonerare (Petronius) :to draw anybody’s water off, emoliri manu urinam (Celsus, 7, 31, 1). || (With jewellers) brightness or transparency of a gem, splendor. || Waters, plural, (medicinal), aquæ salubres, or simply aquæ : aquæ metallicæ (mineral, Plinius) ; aquæ medicatæ (Seneca), medicæ (Claudius, prepared) :to drink the waters, * aquis salubricis uti.Season for taking the waters, * tempus quo aquis (salubribus) uti solent.
WATER, v.,|| Transitively. To moisten or sprinkle with water, rigare (Columella) ; irrigare aliquid (Cicero, e. g., prata, hortulos).To water the streets, humum (or vicos, plateas) conspergendo pulverem sedare. || To dilute, mix with water, (vinum aqua) rigare, miscere, diluere. || To soak in water, aqua macerare aliquid (e. g., carries, pisces). || To give drink (to cattle), adaquare :pecori potionem dare (general term, to set water before cattle) :pecus ad aquam ducere :aquatum ducere or agere (to drive or lead cattle to a watering-place).|| Intransitively. In the phrase, to make one’s mouth water, movet mihi aliquid salivam (Seneca, Ep., 79, 6) ; stomachum meum aliquid sollicitat (Plinius, Ep., 1, 24, 3).To make the eyes water (of smoke, etc.), facit aliquid, ut oculi exstillent :facit aliquid delacrimationem. || To take in water (of a ship), * aqua in navem imposita est. || Watered (of silks, etc.), perhaps we may say * undatus (after Plinius 9, 33, 52).
WATER-ADDER, hydrus :hydra (ὕδρος, ὕδρα).
WATER-BETONY, * scrophularia aquatica (Linnæus).
WATER-BOTTLE, * lagena aquaria.
WATER-BROOK,
Vid. BROOK.
WATER-CARRIER, aquarius (general term) :aquator (in the army) ; feminine, * mulier aquam ferens.
WATER-CASK,* dolium aquarium (Cf., aqualis is a washing-bowl or basin).
WATER-CLOCK, clepsy̆dra (κλεφύδρα). Vid. CLOCK.
WATER-CLOSET, sella familiarica, or simply sella (vid. Schneider, Ind. ad Scriptt., R. R., in v.) —forica (if public) :lăsănum (a stool ; Petronius) :latrina (a cabinet d’aisance à la Française).To go to the water-closet, alvum exoneratum ire :ire quo saturi solent (comedy, Plautus, Curc., 2, 5, 83) :he writes verses which people read in the water-closet, scribit carmina, quæ legunt cacantes (Martialis, 12, 61, 10).
WATER-COLOR, pigmentum aqua dilutum : color cœruleus (a watery color).
WATER-COLORED, cœruleus :cyaneus :cumatilis : subcœruleus (slightly water-colored) :cœruleatus (dressed in water-colored garments).
WATER-CRESS or
WATER-CRESSES, nasturtium : * sisymbrium nasturtium (Linnæus).
WATER-DOG, * canis aquaticus.
WATER-DRINKER, aquæ potor (†).
WATER-DRINKING, aquæ potus or potatio.
WATERFALL, dejectus aquæ (the falling of water) :aquæ ex edito desilientes (water itself falling from a height ; comparative,Plinius, Ep., 5, 6, 37) : Cf., cataracta (καταῥῥάκτης, a waterfall in general, in the Greek) is used in Latin only of the waterfalls of the Nile.The waterfall of the Nile, Nilus cadens.
WATER-FLEA, * pulex aquaticus.
WATER-FLOOD,
Vid. FLOOD.
WATER-FOWL, (plural) aves aquaticæ.
WATER- GALL, virga (in meteorology ; vid. Seneca, N. Qu., 1, 9) :* scaturigo (in a field).
WATER-HEN, fulica.
WATER-LILY, * iris pseudoacorus (Linnæus).
WATER-MAN, || A water-carrier, aquarius. || A boatman, navicularius.To be a water-man, naviculariam facere.
WATER-MELON, * cucurbita citrullus (Linnæus).
WATER-MILL, mola aquaria : mola aquæ (Codex Justinianus) :The stream that turns a water-mill, rivus molam agens, versans, or circuraagens.
WATER-MINT, * mentha aquatica (Linnæus).
WATER-PAIL,
Vid. EWER.
WATER-PIPE, tubus ; fistula. Vid. also, CONDUIT (pipe).
WATER-POISE, libra aquaria, or simply libra or libella.
WATER-POT, vas aquarium (general term) :hydria (ὑδρία) or (pure Latin) urna (a watering-pan ; vid. Fragm., Epigr.,Cicero, or Laureæ Tullii, in Collect., Pithœi, p. 30) :guttus (a can with a narrow spout or mouth ; also used in pouring libations) : Cf., alveolus ligneus in Phædrus = a small pail used in sprinkling water in order to lay the dust).
WATER-PROOF, quod non recipit in se nec combibit liquorem :quod humidam potestatem in corpus penetrare non patitur (both Vitruvius, 2, 3, 4) ; imbrem minime sentiens (after Plinius, 37, 7, 25) :imbribus impervius (after Tacitus, Ann., 15, 43, 5 ; the last two of ability to resist rain) ; also, quod vim imbrium sustinet, or (poetical) tutum est munimen ad.
WATER-SIDE,
Vid. SHORE, BANK.
WATER-SNAKE, hydrus :hydra (ὕδρος, ὕδρα).
WATER-SPANIEL,
Vid. WATER-DOG.
WATER-SPOUT, || A tube, tubus : fistula.|| In meteorology, typhon (τυφών).
WATER-TROUGH, * alveus aquarius.
WATER-TUB, * orca aquaria.
WATER-WHEEL, rota aquaria.
WATER-WILLOW, * salix viminalis (Linnæus).
WATER-WORK, aquæ or aquarum ductus, or (from the context) aqua (e. g., aqua Claudia, Suetonius, Claudius, 20).To establish water-works in a town, aquam in urbem ducere or (plural) plures aquas perducere : Cf., aquæductio is the act of conveying water to a place, similar to aquæ inductio (for the sake of irrigating the land ; vid. Cicero, N. D., 2, 60, quite at the end).//
WATERING-PLACE, || Place where cattle are watered, aquarium (Cato, R. R.). || Place of fashionable resort, for health or recreation (inland), aquæ (plural) ; locus salubrium aquarum usu frequens ; locus ubi est fons medicæ salubritatis (after Plinius, 5, 15, 16) ; (maritime) locus maritimus ; ora maritima (sea-coast) :mare (sea).To visit a watering-place, ad aquas venire (Cicero).
WATERY, aquatilis (having a watery taste ; e. g., sapor, succus) :aquaticus (wet) :aquosus (abounding in water).
WATTLE, v.,* cratium modo implectere.
WATTLE, s., || A hurdle, crates. || Barbs below a cock’s bill, palea (Varro, Columella).
WAVE, s.,unda (the proper word ; produced by the regular motion of the sea, or gentle action of the air) :fluctus, -us (billow, raised by storms).Full of waves, undosus : fluctuosus :to move in waves, undare :fluctuare :to make waves, fluctus ciere, movere :to be tossed in the waves, fluctuare :fluctibus jactari (Cicero) :the wind rolls the waves upon the shore, ventus crebros ex alto fluctus in litus evolvit (Curtius) :the waves break upon the rocks, fluctus franguntur a saxo (Cicero) :to be washed by the waves, fluctibus allui :in waves, undatim.
WAVE, v.,||Intransitively. To move as a wave, play loosely, float, undare (as a gentle wave) :fluctuare (as a billow) ; also, æstuare (of very violent motion).Corn waves, segetes undant :hair waves, coma fluitat, defluit de humeris alicujus :a garment waves, vestis sinuatur, undat. || Transitively. To move to and fro, agitare : movere :to wave a sword, ensem rotare :to wave the hand, manum jactare. || To omit, pass over, vid.
WAVED,
WAVY, || Like waves, undatus :fluctuosus (properly and figuratively).|| Playing to and fro in undulations, undans.
WAVER, labare (the proper word) :nutare (to move to and fro ; of the upper part of anything) :vacillaie(to be easily moved ; all three properly and figuratively) :fluctuare (properly, to be driven or tossed about with waves ; hence, figuratively, to hesitate).The allies waver, socii labant :courage, hope, fidelity, resolution wavers, animus, spes, fides, consilium labat :the line (of battle) wavers, acies nutat :to begin to waver, labascere, labefieri (properly and figuratively) :to cause to waver, labefacere, labefactare (properly and figuratively) :to cause anybody’s fidelity to waver, labefactare fidem alicujus ; fide aliquem dimovere :to waver in one’s decision or resolution, in decreto suo inter varia consilia nunc huc nunc illuc fluctuare.
WAVERING, inconstans (inconstant) :incertus (uncertain) :dubius (doubtful ; all of persons and things).
WAX, s., cera (general term).
White, red wax, cera alba (Vitruvius), miniata(Cicero) :sealing-wax, cera (in the Roman sense) :* lacca signatoria (with us) :soft wax, cera mollis (Cicero), liquida (Columella), liquens (Palladius) :cells of bees’ wax, favus (honey-comb) :of wax, cereus :covered with wax, ceratus :full of wax, cerosus :to form in wax, formare, fingere aliquid e cera (Cicero) :a wax seal (impression on wax), signum annuli cera expressum, servatum (after Plinius) :a wax figure, * imago cerea, or in cera expressa :wax busts, expressi cera vultus :ceræ :a wax flower, * flos cereus :* flos e cera factus or expressus :to make a nose of wax of anything (proverbially), aliquid sicut mollissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formare et fingere (after Cicero, De Or., 3, 45, 177).A modeller in wax, ceroplastes (κηροπλάστης) or e cera fingens :wax work, * imagines e cera factæ or expresses : ceroplastice (as art).
WAX, v.,|| Transitively, cerare :incerare (to cover with wax) :cera illinere (to line or cover with wax) :cera circumlinere (to besmear round with wax).|| Intransitively. Vid., BECOME, GROW.
WAX-CHANDLER, cerarius.
WAX-COLORED, cerĭnus (Plinius) ; cereus (Vergilius).
WAX-DOLL, * pupula cerea.
WAX-LIGHT, cereus (Cicero) ; * candela cerea.
WAX-TABLET, tabella cerata.
WAXEN, cereus (of wax) :cerosus (full of wax) :ceratus (covered with wax).
WAY, || Properly, via (the proper word) :iter (road) :cursus (course) :orbita :meatus (track) [Vid. also, PATH, ROAD.]To be or stand in one’s way, impedimento esse alicui (Terentianus) ; obstare, officere alicui ; impedire, morari aliquem :to get out of one’s way, de via decedere alicui ; decedere alicui (to make room for) ; congressum alicujus vitare, fugere (after Cicero ; to shun) :out of the way, avius (that lies out of the way) :devius (that leads out of the way) :invius (through which there is no way) :out of the way = remote, remotus : disjunctus (lonely, solitary) :reconditus :abditus (hidden or concealed) :longinquus (lying far off) :an out-of-the-way place, longinquus et reconditus locus : latebra (a hiding place) :to be out of the way, longe or satis magno intervallo remotum esse :out of the way, apage te ; move te hinc :a thing is on its way, res adventat, imminet, instat :a place where two, three, four ways meet, bivium, trivium, quadrivium :not to know the way, viam nescire, non nosse :imperitum esse viæ, itineris :to be on the way, in via, in itinere esse :to go out of the way, de via, ex itinere, excedere (Cæsar) ; a via recedere (Livius) ; de via declinare, deflectere (Cicero) ; via degredi (Livius) :to show anybody the way, viam alicui monstrare (Cicero) ; semitam monstrare alicui (Plautus) ; ducem esse alicui viæ, itineris (after Cæsar) :which way shall I take? quam viam insistam? (Terentius, Eun., 2, 3, 2) :quam viam ingrediare, ineam? (Cicero) :you are in the right way, rectam instas viam :rectam viam ingressus es (Plautus) :it is a roundabout way, via habet longiorem anfractum (Nepos) :the way to India, via quæ hinc est in Indiam.Right of way, iter (right of going any where, or passing through) :actus (right of driving cattle through ; both Cicero, Cæcin., 26, 75).To take out of the way, tollere :de medio tollere. To turn out of the way, a directo itinere avertere aliquem :deducere aliquem a (recta) via :depellere aliquem a via (by force).By the way (i. e., in passing), in transitu : transiens :præteriens (of these expressions, the first and second are post-Augustan in this sense ; but we find quasi præteriens in Cicero) :strictim (superficially, slightly ; for which we find obiter in the time of Seneca) ; per occasionem : occasione data or oblata (taking this opportunity).|| Figuratively. Course, via (e. g., virtutis, vitæ).|| Manners or means (of obtaining anything), via :iter : aditus ; (of doing anything), ratio (subjective) ; modus (objective) :if you go on in this way, si ad istud modum pergas :not to be able to find one’s way out of a thing, (figuratively) emergi ex aliqua re non posse. || Counsel, plan, method of proceeding, via :consilium : institutum. || Custom, mos :consuetudo.
WAYFARER, viator.
WAYFARING-TREE, viburnum
(Vergilius) :* viburnum Lantana (Linnæus).
WAYLAY, alicui insidiari, or insidias facere, tendere, ponere :insidias ponere contra aliquem (Cicero).
WAY-MARK, * pila itineris index.Unless reeds fastened in the ground serve as way-marks, nisi calami defixi regant (vid. Plinius, 6, 29, 33).
WAYWARD, sibi placens :inconstans :ingenio levis :versabilis (Cf., late) :* libidine or ex libidine factus (done or made out of waywardness).
WAYWARDNESS, libido : animi impetus.To act more from waywardness than from reflection, impetu quodam animi potius quam cogitatione facere aliquid :the waywardness of fortune, inconstantia fortunæ.
WE, nos :we ourselves, nos ipsi ; nosmet ipsi. Cf., It hardly needs to be remarked that nos is usually omitted before the first person plural of verbs ; when expressed, it is for the sake of emphasis or distinction.
WEAK, || In body, infirmus (not strong, physically ; opposed to firmus, validus, fortis) :invalidus (having but little strength ; opposed to validus, robustus) :imbecillus (suffering from want of inward strength, no longer strong ; opposed to valens, validus. Cf., The form imbecillis is not in Cicero or earlier writers, but came into use afterward) :debilis (useless on account of defects or infirmities, wanting entireness or completeness ; opposed to firmus, integer corpore) :tenuis, gracilis (thin, and so not strong ; e. g., tabella, virga, filum) :confectus :fractus :enervatus : effetus :languidus (broken up, exhausted, deprived of bodily powers) :weak health, valetudo infirma, imbecilla, tenuis :a weak body, corpus infirmum, affectum, effetum :to be weak, parum habere virium ; infirmo esse corpore :a weak stomach, stomachus infirmus, imbecillus (Celsus) :weak sight, oculi hebetes (opposed to acres, acuti, Suetonius) ; visus infirmior (Quintilianus) :to have weak sight, minus valere, parum valere, visu :weak eyes, oculorum morbus, valetudo oculorum (weakness of eyes) :malum oculorum (a disease of the eyes) :to have weak eyes, ægrum esse oculis.|| In mind or disposition, imbecillus : affectus :confectus :enervatus :fractus :hebes :a weak intellect, animus imbecillus (opposed to robustus, Cicero), infirmus (Cæsar) ; ingenium imbecillum, hebes, tardum ; ingenii imbecillitas (Plinius, Ep.) :a weak memory, memoria hebes (Cicero), tardior (Quintilianus), vacillans, parum tenax (Cicero) :one’s weak side, infirmitas :imbecillitas :facilitas :levitas : vitium.To attack one on his weak side, aucupari alicujus imbecillitatem (Cicero, Flacc.,37, 92). || In number or extent, exiguus :infirmus (e. g., exigua manus, exiguæ copiæ, infirma auxilia) :weaker in troops, in ships, inferior copiis (Nepos), numero navium (Cæsar) :a weak post, statio invalida (Livius) :a weak legion, legio invalida (Tacitus). || Figuratively. Of things without life, infirmus :imbecillus (e. g., respublica infirma, regnum imbecillum) :weak hope, spes tenuis, exigua :a weak voice, vox exilis (Plinius), imbecilla (Quintilianus), parva (Cicero) :weak wine, vinum imbecillum, leve (Plinius), infirmi saporis (Columella) :a weak argument, argumentum infirmum, leve (Cicero) :weak colors, colores languentes, tenues, inertes :a weak pulse, imbecilli venarum pulsus (Celsus, 3, 19) :a weak medicine, imbecillior medicina (Cicero, Att., 10, 14, 2).
WEAKEN, Proprerly and Figuratively, imbecillum, infirmum facere, reddere aliquid :infirmare :debilitare :enervare : afficere :attenuare :extenuare :levare :elevare : atterere :affligere :labefactare.To weaken greatly, comminuere : contundere :frangere :refringere :infringere :to weaken an army, aliquid virium ex acie subducere (Curtius) :to weaken the power of the enemy, opes hostium affligere (Livius, 2, 16), debilitare (Nepos) :to weaken mind and body, nervos mentis ac corporis frangere (Quintilianus, 1, 2, 6) :to weaken the mind or intellect, mentem obtundere (Cicero) ; comminuere ingenium (Quintilianus) ; hebetare ingenium, mentem (Cicero) ; præstringere aciem animi, ingenii, mentis (Cicero) :to weaken the eyes, præstringere oculos, aciem oculorum (Cicero) ; hebetare or obtundere aciem oculorum (Plinius).
WEAKENING, debilitatio :infractio :deminutio : imminutio :confectio :enervatio.More often by the verbs.
WEAKLY, infirme :imbecillius :minus or parum valide (invalide, Arnobius).Usually by circumlocution with adjective.
WEAKNESS, || Want of physical strength, infirmitas :imbecillitas :debilitas (absence of strength) :virium defectio (failure of strength) :tenuitas :levitas (slightness, want of proper consistency).
Weakness of the stomach, ventriculi imbecillitas :resolutio stomachi (Celsus) ; cruditas (Cicero) :bodily weakness, imbecillitas :infirmitas corporis, valetudinis :infirma valetudo (Cicero) ; infirmitas virium (Cæsar) ; imbecillitas virium :vires infirmæ, aftectæ (Cicero) :on account of bodily defects, debilitas corporis (Cicero) :weakness of voice, vocis infirmitas (Plinius, Ep.) ; exilitas (Quintilianus) :weakness of sight, infirmitas oculorum (Plinius, Ep.) ; resolutio oculorum (Celsus) ; acies hebes oculorum (Cicero) ; oculi hebetiores (Quintilianus) :weakness of the nerves, resolutio nervorum (Celsus) :weakness of the pulse, exigui imbecillique venarum pulsus (Celsus) :weakness of a kingdom, regni imbecillitas, infirmitas :regni opes attritæ, affectæ, senescentes :regnum imbecillum (Sallustius). || Want of strength of mind, animi imbecillitas (Cæsar) ; animus imbecillus (Cicero), infirmus, tenuis, fractus (Cæsar) ; animi vigor obtusus (Livius) ; ingenii imbecillitas. || Want of resolution or courage, infirmitas. || Fault, failing, error : vitium :to be guilty of a weakness, errare :labi :peccare :human weakness, infirmitas, imbecillitas humana. || High-wrought sensibility, excessive tenderness, animus mollis : animi mollities.
WEAL, || Welfare ; vid. || Mark of a stripe or blow, vibex, -icis, feminine. κυρικιμασαηικο
WEALTH, || Riches, divitiæ (riches, general term) :copia rei familiaris : opulentia (stronger ; the possession of money, estates, etc., as a means of aggrandizing one’s self) :vita bonis abundans.To live in wealth, divitem esse : satis divitem, etc. || Prosperity, welfare, vid.
WEALTHY, fortunatus (Cicero) :abundans :dives : locuples : satis dives : satis locuples (dives, rich = πλούσιοε; opposed to pauper :locuples = ἀφνειός ; oppose to egens. ege̅nus) :a bene nummatus :pecuniosus (having much money) :opulentus :copiosus (opulent ; opposed to inops ; rich in means and resources to obtain influence, power, etc.) :copiis rei familiaris locuples et pecuniosus.
Very wealthy, beatus ; perdives ; prædives ; locupletissimus ; opulentissimus :to become wealthy, divitem fieri (ditescere poetical only) ; (fortunis) locupletari ; fortunis augeri ; fortunam amplificare ; opibus crescere ; opes nancisci ; ad opes procedere :to become wealthy through anything, divitias facere ex aliqua re ; rem familiarem augere aliqua re :to become a wealthy man after having been poor, ex paupere divitem fieri ; ex paupere et tenui ad magnas opes procedere [vid. also, To ENRICH (one’s self)] :to be wealthy, divitem, etc., esse ; divitiis or copiis abundare :to be more wealthy than anybody, aliquem divitiis superare :to be very wealthy, omnibus rebus ornatum et copiosum esse ; amplissimam possidere pecuniam ; opibus maxime florere ; magnas opes habere :to be extremely wealthy and live in great affluence, circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantia vivere.
WEAN, || Properly, a matre or ab ubere matris depellere (fetum) :auferre uberibus fetum or infantem :infantem a mammâ disjungere :infantem lacte depellere (Cf., not ablactare, late). || Figuratively, detrahere alicui alicujus rei consuetudinem :a consuetudine alicujus rei aliquem abducere (from a custom) :dedocere aliquem aliquid (to cause to forget).To wean one’s self from anything, desuefieri are ; a consuetudine alicujus rei recedere (to leave off a custom) ; dediscere aliquid (to forget anything) ; consuetudinem aliquem deponere :to wean one’s affections from anything, animum a re abstrahere. Vid. also, ALIENATE.
WEAPON, telum (properly or figuratively).
Weapons ; vid. ARMS.
WEAR, || Transitively, To waste, vid. || To carry on the body, as clothes, indutum esse aliqua re ; indutui gerere aliquid (of a garment put on) :gerere aliquid (general term, to have anything on the body) :amictum esse aliqua re (to have anything wrapped round the body, as a cloak, etc.).To wear shoes, calceatum esse :to wear a toga, togatum esse :to wear a ring, annulum gestare digito. || Intransitively. To be wasted, usu deteri, atteri. || To stand wear (to wear well ; of clothes), prorogare tempus (Plinius, vestes quæ prorogant tempus) ; (figuratively, of persons, to bear age well) annos ferre (Quintilianus).WEAR AWAY or
WEAR OUT, usu deterere or conterere (e. g., a garment) :extenuare (to make lean ; e. g., corpus alicujus) :exedere (to enfeeble).Fever wears away the limbs, febris depascitur artus (Vergilius, Geo., 3, 458) :grief wears away the heart, ægritudo exest animum : Cf., obterere exercitum, to wear out, for consumere, is a poetic phrase of Tacitus, and Curtius ; not to be imitated. Vid. also, EXHAUST.
WEARIED, fatigatus, fessus.Thoroughly wearied, defatigatus ; defessus ; lassitudine confectus.
WEARINESS, fatigatio(o rendering or being weary) :lassitudo (a being completely tired, when the body is unfit for action) :languor (languor ; in body or mind).
WEARISOME, operosus ; multi operis (that costs much work or labor) :laboriosus :multi laboris (with which much trouble is connected) :difficilis (hard, difficult).A wearisome work, opus operosum :opus et labor (as concrete) :labor
operosus (as abstract, effort made with great pains).
WEARISOMELY, operose :laboriose :magno opere : magno labore.
WEARY, adjective, fessus (of want of strength arising from exhaustion) :fatigatus (worn out) :lassus (tired, denoting want of strength which unfits for action). (The words are found in this connection and order.) fessus lassusque.Thoroughly weary, defessus : defatigatus ; lassitudine confectus :weary with labor, affectus fatigatione laboris :weary with running, cursu et lassitudine exanimatus :I am quite weary, omnia membra lassitudo mini tenet (comedy) :to make anybody weary, aliquem fatigare or (entirely) defatigare ; aliquem lassum facere or reddere (of persons or things) ; aliquem lassare (of things) :to grow or become weary, fatigari ; lassari ; (thoroughly) defatigari ; lassitudine confici :(figuratively) weary of asking and waiting for an answer, interrogando et exspectando responsum fessus :weary of war, bello fessus (but Cf., fessus here really denotes a being weary, whilst the English “weary” in these expressions implies only disgust ; so that “weary” cannot always be rendered by fessus) :I am weary of a thing (i. e., disgusted with it), me tenet alicujus rei satietas ; me tædet alicujus rei :I am weary (of waiting, etc), rumpo or abrumpo patientiam (Cf., not patientia mihi rumpitur ; vid. Suetonius, Tib., 25 : Tacitus, Ann., 12, 50, 3).
WEARY, v.,fatigare :defatigare (properly and figuratively) :defatigare (to weary thoroughly, even to exhaustion).To be wearied, se fatigare ; by anything, aliqua re ; se frangere ; se frangere laboribus (by exertion).
WEASAND,
Vid. WINDPIPE.
WEASEL, mustela (Plinius).
WEATHER, s., || The state of the atmosphere, cœlum :cœli status, tempestas (weather, good or bad).Fine, clear weather, tempestas bona or serena ; cælum sudum or serenum :when the weather is fine (i. e., on a clear day), sereno ; sudo :changeable weather, cœlum varium ; varietas cœli :settled weather, tempestas certa :cloudy weather, tempestas turbida :dry weather, siccitas :a continuance of dry weather, siccitates (vid. Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 5, 24) :rough weather, cœli asperitas :foul weather, spurcissima tempestas :to be guided by the weather (i. e., see how the weather will turn out for doing, etc., anything), tempestatis rationem habere ; tempestatem spectare :I am setting sail, favored by the finest weather, nactus idoneam ad navigandum tempestatem solvo. || Stormy weather, storm, tempestas (general term) :tonitrua (nominative plural), fulgura cum tonitru (nominative plural ; thunder, lightning with thunder) :procella (blast of wind) :tempestas oritur or cooritur (of a storm) :fulmen tetigit locum (of lightning).The weather side, * pars opposita tempestatibus.
WEATHER, v.,|| Pass with difficulty, properly, (classe) circumvehi aliquem locum (after Livius, 36, 22, 4 ; Cf., by no means circumnavigare = to slip about) :(figuratively) eluctari aliquid or per aliquid (the proper word, through any hardship, trouble, snow, etc.) :penetrare per aliquid (to press through) :eniti per aliquid (to get through by great exertions ; e. g., through the waves by force of rowing, per adversos fluctus ingenti labore remigum) :ægre moliri aliquid (to wade through with difficulty ; e. g., through the sand, sabulum) :emergere aliqua re and ex aliqua re (improperly, to extricate one’s self, work one’s self round again ; e. g., ex mendicitate, incommoda valetudine).To WEATHER OUT,
Vid. To OVERCOME, or To GET (over).
WEATHER-BEATEN, * imbribus, tempestate afflictus : tempestate jactatus (tempest-tossed).
WEATHERCOCK, * vexillum ventorum index : * vexillum flantis venti index (after Vitruvius, 1, 6, 4) : or * gallus æneus flantis venti index.To be as changeable as a weathercock, plumis aut folio facilius moveri (Cicero). vid. FICKLE.
WEATHERG-LASS, * aerometrum (ἀερόμετρον) :* barometrum (βαρόμετρον) or * fistula Torricelliana (a barometer) :* thermometrum (θερμόμετρον, thermometer).The shepherd’s weather-glass (a plant), * anagallis arvensis (Linnæus).
WEATHER-WISE, * mutationum cœli peritus : * cœli interpres.The predictions of a weather-wise person, * tempestatis prædictio.
WEAVE, texere (the proper word) :intexere (to weave into) :intexere aliquid alicui rei (to weave anything into) :nectere (to wind, plait). Cf., Plectere occurs in the past participle, plexus in poets only.
WEAVER, textor ; feminine, textrix.
WEAVER’S HEALD, pecten.
WEAVER’S REED, scapus (Lucretius, 5, 1352, Forbig.).
WEB, textura (the mode in which anything is woven) :textum (anything woven) :tela (whilst on the loom ; hence, of spiders, aranearum ; vid. also, COBWEB). || A membrane or film joining the toes, pellis, super quam nant (after Curtius, 7, 8, 6).
WEB-FOOTED, perhaps * pedibus pellitis ; or by circumlocution with pellis :supra quam nant.
WED,
WEDDING,
Vid. MARRY, MARRIAGE.
WEDDED, || Properly. [Vid. To MARRY]. || Figuratively. Devoted or strongly attached to, deditus alicui rei : studiosus alicujus rei (fondly pursuing it) :addictus alicui rei (devoted to it). (The words are found in this connection and order.) addictus et deditus.Also, post-Augustan, devotus alicui rei. (The words are found in this connection and order.) deditus devotusque :addictus et quasi consecratus.To be wedded to anything, multum esse in re (e. g., venationibus) ; totum esse in re :to be wedded to pleasure, voluptatibus deditum esse, servire, astrictum esse ; ætatem in voluptatibus collocare ; libidinibus se servum præstare :to be wedded to anything (= not to choose to give it up), adhærescere alicui rei or ad aliquem rem : amplector or amplexus teneo aliquid ; nimio amore aliquid amplexus teneo :to be wedded to an opinion, * de sententia dejici or deduci non posse :wedded to an opinion, sententiæ alicui quasi addictus et consecratus.
WEDDING-DAY, dies nuptiarum.To fix a wedded-day, diem nuptiis dicere ; diem nuptiarum eligere ; nuptias in diem constituere.
WEDGE, cuneus ; diminutive, cuneolus.To fasten by wedges, cuneare :to drive a wedge, cuneum adigere or injicere :to cleave with a wedge, cuneo findere ; discuneare :like a wedge, cuneatus ; cuneatim (adverb) :to form like a wedge, cuneare (cuneatur Hispania, Plinius) ; in cuneum tenuare (Britannia in cuneum tenuatur, Tacitus).
WEDLOCK, matrimonium. [Vid. MARRIAGE].Born in lawful wedlock, ex justo matrimonio susceptus (the proper word, after Justinus, 9, 8, 2) ; justa uxore natus ; matre familias ortus ; legitimus (legitimate ; opposed to pellice ortus, nothus) :born out of wedlock, nullo patre natus ; incerto patre natus ; spurius (the offspring of an unknown father and a prostitute ; opposed to certus) ; pellice ortus ; nothus (νόθος, of a known father and a concubine ; opposed to justa uxore natus ; legitimus ; Spald., Quint., 3, 6, 97) ; adulterino sanguine natus (μοιχικός, where there is a violation of the marriage-contract ; Plinius, 7, 2, 2) :
WEDNESDAY, dies Mercurii.
WEED, s., || A noxious or useless plant, herba inutilis, sterilis, mala. || Weeds = mourning worn by widows, * cultus lugubris viduarum ; * vestis lugubris qua viduæ vestitæ sunt.
WEED, v.,runcare :eruncare :inutiles herbas evellere : steriles herbas eligere :malas herbas effodere, sarrire (with the hoe).To weed a garden, hortum steriles herbas eligens repurgo :a weeding hoe, sarculum.
WEEDER, runcator (with the hand) :sarritor (with a hoe ; Columella).
WEEK, hebdomas (the space of seven days, in which anything happens ; e. g., before the critical day of a fever, Varro, ap. Gell., septima hebdomade, id est nono et quadragesimo die, etc. : it is now generally used as a technical term). Perhaps we may say septimana (Code Theodosius), or spatium septem dierum (the Romans did not reckon time by weeks).
Week by week, per singulas hebdomadas :to take a walk once a week, singulis hebdomadibus semel deambulatum exire :week-days, dies profesti (opposed to dies fasti ; Plautus, Plinius) ; dies negotiosi (opposed to dies sacri, Tacitus, Ann., 13, 41) :week-day dress, vestis quotidiana :a week’s wages, merces in singulas hebdomadas solvenda.
WEEKLY, by circumlocution ; e. g., merces, quæ in singulas hebdomadas habetur ; sacra quæ octonis diebus transactis habentur ; adverb, singulis hebdomadibus (in each week) :octonis diebus transactis (once a week) :in singulas hebdomadas (every week).
WEEN,
Vid. THINK.
WEEP, || Intransitively, lacrimare :lacrimas fundere (= δακρύειν, to shed tears as the physical consequence of a mental emotion, whether joyful or sorrowful. Cf., The deponent lacrimari = “to be moved to tears”) :plorare (= θρηνεῖν, to express grief passionately, to wail and cry) :flere (= κλαίειν, to shed tears with sobs, not with such loud expressions of grief as the plorans) :ejulara (to wail) :vagire (to cry as young children) :lamentari (of long-continued weeping and wailing).I cannot help weeping, I cannot but weep, nequeo, quin lacrimem ; lacrimas tenere non possum :with weeping eyes, oculis lacrimantibus ; lacrimans :don’t weep, ne lacrima ; ne plora :to be tired of weeping, lacrimando fessum esse :to make anybody weep, lacrimas or fletum alicui movere ; lacrimas alicui elicere or excutere ; aliquem ad fletum adducere ; aliquem plorantem facere :to weep bitterly, uberius flere ; lacrimarum vim profundere :to weep one’s eyes out, lacrimis confici totos efflere oculos (Quintilianus, Decl.,6, 4) :to cease weeping, lacrimas sistere ; fletum reprimere (to stop one’s tears, Cicero, Rep., 4, 15, 15 ; Ovidius, Fast., 6, 154) :to weep for joy,
lacrimare or effundere lacrimas gaudio ; illacrimare gaudio (Livius) :he is weeping for joy like a child, homini cadunt lacrimæ, quasi puero, gaudio (Terentianus). || Transitively. To weep for, lacrimare aliquid :flere de aliqua re (flere aliquid only poetical), deplorare aliquem or aliquid, or de aliqua re :deflere aliquid :to weep over or for, illacrimari alicui rei (Cicero ; e. g., morti Socratis ; errori ; malis) :illacrimare alicui rei (Livius) :to weep for anybody’s misfortunes, etc., lacrimare casum alicujus :to weep over one’s fate, deplorare casus suos ; also, deplorare se :to weep for the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes pariter vivos mortuosque (Cf. Livius, 2, 40) :no man weeps at his death, mors alicujus caret lacrimis.
WEEPER, || Owe who weeps, lacrimans :qui lacrimat, etc. || A badge of mourning, * luctus insigne :* armilla lugubris.
WEEPING, fletus :ploratio :ploratus.
Weeping and wailing, ejulatus ; vagltus ; lamentatio. SYN. in WEEP.
WEEPING WILLOW, * salix Babylonica (Linnæus).
WEEVIL, curculio (Plinius) :* curculio frumentarius (Linnæus).
WEFT,
Vid. WOOF.
WEIGH (sometimes written WAY), s., To get under weigh, navem solvere, or simply solvere ; more rarely, vela in altum dare (Livius), or vela dare ventis (poetical) :to be under weigh, navis solvit ; a terra provehi.
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