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TOUCHY, stomachosus : acerbus.
TOUGH, lentus (not brittle ; opposed to fragilis) : tenax (tenacious ; properly and figuratively) : difficilis, arduus (figuratively, difficult).
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TOUGHLY, lente (tenaciter, Solinus).
TOUGHNESS, lentitia (Plinius). By circumlocution with the adjectives.
TOUR, iter (a journey, general term) : excursio (a journey for pleasure ; Cicero) : peregrinatio (a journey in a foreign country). Vid. also, JOURNEY.
TOURIST, viator (a traveller, general term) : peregrinator, peregrinans (traveller in a foreign country).
TOURNAMENT, * ludus equester : * decursio equestris : * ludicrum equitum certamen.
They held a tournament, * ludificantes inter se certabant equites (after Livius).
TOW, s., stuppa (Cæsar, Livius).
TOW, v., navem remulco trahere (general term) ; abstrahere (to tow it away, Cæsar) ; adducere (to tow it to the person giving the order, etc. ; Cæsar).
To tow his prizes to Alexandria, naves remulco victricibus suis navibus Alexandriam deducere : to tow vessels out of port, naves in altum remulco trahere (Sisen., ap. Non., 57, 29) ; into port, navem ad portum suum remulco (præeunte) ducere (Paullus, Nol. Ep., 49).
To tow a vessel through or over (a strait, etc. ), navem adigere (= ἀπάγεσθαι) per, etc. (e. g., per æstuaria adegit triremes ; Tacitus, Ann., 11, 18). Sailors or men who towed vessels, equisones nautici (Varro, ap. Non., 116, 1).
To take anybody in tow (figuratively), aliquem fovere ac tollere : aliquem sustinere ac fovere, or gratia atque auctoritate sua sustentare.
TOWARD,
TOWARDS, || Denoting direction of one object toward another, either at rest or in motion. (a) In a state of rest, ad, in, with an accusative : versus (-ward, toward a place, is usually put after the name of the place ; and if this be not the name of a town, ad and in are also, used).
Toward the east, ad orientem : toward the south, ad meridiem versus : toward the west, ad occidentem : toward the north, ad or in septemtriones : to lie toward the north and west, spectare in septemtriones et occidentem solem : toward Rome, ad Romam versus : toward the ocean, in oceanum versus. (b) In motion, in with an accusative, adversus : toward the mountain, adversus montem : to advance toward the town, toward the enemy, adversus urbem, adversus hostem, castra movere : Hence (c) Of the direction of an inclination or action toward a person or personified object = in respect of, with reference to, as concerns, etc., erga (almost always with the notion of good-will) : adversus (of inclination and aversion) ; in, with an accusative or ablative (with this difference, thai the accusative distinctly sets before us the reference to a person ; the ablative, on the other hand, rather shows that the action is to be represented absolutely, yet still in reference to some person ; the construction of in with the ablative is usual after expressions denoting hatred, cruelty, rage, etc. ; cf. Bremi, Nep., Dion, 6, 2 ; Phoc., 4, 3 ; Kritz, Sall., Cat., 9, 2) : liberal toward the soldiers, liberalis erga milites : faithful toward friends, fidelis in amicos, or in amicis : to show clemency toward anybody, clementia uti in aliquem : the people entertained such a hatred toward it, in hoc tantum fuit odium multitudinis : to give vent to one’s rage toward anybody, sævitiam exercere in aliquo : to use force toward anybody, vim adhibere in aliquo : the goodness of God toward men, divina bonitas erga homines : love toward anybody’s country, amor in patriam. Where, however, no obscurity exists, the Latins frequently express the direction of an inclination or aversion, etc., by the simple genitive ; e. g., love toward one’s country, caritas patriæ ; hatred toward slavery, odium servitutis : to be seized with compassion toward anybody, misericordia alicujus capi ; cf. Grotef., § 177, 4 ; Zumpt, § 423. Frequently also, after verbs, “toward” is expressed by the case of the verb ; e. g., to be inspired with love toward anybody, aliquem amare, diligere.
TOWARD,
TOWARDLY, adjective, docilis (teachable, tractable) : obsequens : obsequiosus (willingly acceding to others’ wishes ; the latter only in Plautus, Capt., 2, 3, 58) : facilis : officiosus (complaisant ; ready to render a service).
Toward in anything, promptus or paratus ad aliquid (ready for anything) : inclinatus or propensus ad aliquid (easy to be induced ; inclined for anything).
TOWARDNESS,
TOWARDLINESS, docilitas (teachableness) : propensa voluntas (ready disposition) : facilitas (readiness) : obsequium : obsequentia (a yielding to the wishes and humor of others ; the latter, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) : officium (kind or complaisant sentiment or action, of him who wishes to show any attention or render any service to anybody) : voluntas officiosa (disposition to render a service ; Ovidius, Pont., 3, 2, 17).
TOWEL, mantile or mantele (Cf., not mappa, i. e., a table-napkin).
TOWER, s., turris. Moveable towers, turres ambulatoriæ (i. e., on wheels ; Hirtius).
To build a tower, turrem excitare or educere : the Tower, (as a prison) career : to shut up in the Tower, carcere, in carcere, in carcerem includere : warden of the Tower, custos turris (or carceris).
TOWER, v., [Vid. To RISE. ]
To be in a towering passion (colloquially), iracundia exardescere, inflammari, efferri.
TOW-LINE, remulcum. Vid. To TOW.
TOWN, urbs (opposed to rus) : oppidum : civitas : municipium : colonia : præfectura [SYN. in CITY]. A maritime town, urbs maritima ; oppidum maritimum ; civitas maritima : the talk of the town, res nova per urbem divulgata ; fabula urbis : what is the news of the town? quid novi in urbe accidit ?a town council, senatus, -ûs (in large towns) : decuriones, plural (in small towns) : a town-councillor, senator, decurio.
TOWNSMAN, civis.
TOY, s., || A plaything, crepundia, plural (rattles, Terentianus) ; puerilia crepundia (Valerius Maximus) ; oblectamenta puerorum (Cicero, Parad. 5, 2). || A trifle, vid.
TOY, v., Vid. To PLAY.
TOY-MAN, * qui crepundia vendit.
TOY-SHOP, * taberna crepundiorum.
TRACE, vestigium (properly and figuratively ; track, footstep ; mark of something formerly present, or actually present, but not plainly discernible) : indicium (mark, token, sign). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) indicia et vestigia (plural) : significatio (symptom, alicujus rei ; e. g., nulla timoris significatio).
To leave a trace, vestigium facere : there were no traces, nulla exstabant vestigia (Livius) : Not a trace is to be seen! nec nota nec vestigium exstat or apparet! (proverbially ; Varro, ap. Non. ).
TRACK, s., || A trace, vid. || A path, vid.
TRACE,
TRACK, v., aliquem vestigiis sequi (Cf., Cicero says alicujus vestigiis persequi, for “to tread in the footsteps of anybody, ” = to imitate, follow) : investigare, presso vestigio persequi aliquem or aliquid (to trace out) : indagare, odorari. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) indagare et odorari (to follow by the scent) ; odorari et vestigare (all properly and figuratively).
To trace a deer, ex vestigiis animadvertere, quo cervus se receperit.
TRACKLESS, invius (Livius, Plinius) : via carens : sine via : ubi nulla apparet via.
TRACT, || A region, tractus, -ûs : regio : An immense tract of country, immensa et interminata in omnes partes regionum magnitudo (Cicero, N. D., 1, 20). || A small treatise, libellus : commentatio (tractatus, -ûs, Plinius).
TRACTABLE, qui regi potest (properly and figuratively ; vid. Seneca, De Ira, 2, 15, extr. ) : tractabilis (Cicero ; figuratively, that is easy to manage ; of persons. Cf., mollis is = too yielding) : obsequens, obsequiosus, alicui (that readily complies with the wish or advice of another ; Plautus, Merc., 1, 2, 46 ; Capt., 2, 3, 58) : obediens (usually with a dative of the person ; humbly or servilely obedient) : facilis (compliant, good-tempered).
TRACTABLENESS, By the adjective
TRADE, s., mercatura (especially of the merchant) : mercatio (commercial transaction, buying and selling, Gellius, 3, 3) : negotium, or, plural, negotia (the business which anybody carries on, especially as corn-merchant or money-lender) : commercium (commercial intercourse, Sallustius, Jug., 18, 6 ; Plinius, 33, 1, 3 ; with anything, alicujus rei, Plinius, 12, 14, 30 ; then also = freedom of trade). Wholesale trade, mercatura magna et copiosa : retail trade, mercatura tenuis.
To carry on a trade, rem gerere : rem gerere et lucrum facere (of a lucrative business) : mercaturam or (of several) mercaturas facere (especially of foreign trade) : negotiari (by buying and selling ; of money-lenders, corn-factors, etc. ) : to carry on a trade in anything, vendere or venditare aliquid : commercium alicujus rei facere (e. g., turis, Plinius).
To carry on a large wholesale trade, mercaturam facere magnam et copiosam.
To go to Tarentum for purposes of trade, abire Tarentum ad mercaturam : the spirit of trade, mercandi studium or cupiditas (vid. Cicero, De Rep., 2, 47) : quæstus studium (desire of gain) : the Roman merchants carry on a trade with Gaul, Romani mercatores ad Gallos commeant.
TRADE, v., Vid. “to carry on a trade, ” in the preceding word.
TRADER,
TRADESMAN, mercator (a merchant) : negotians, negotiator (one engaged
in inferior or less honorable traffic) : qui in arte sordida versatur (as distinguished from a professional man) : qui quæstum colit (considered as seeking gain).
TRADE-WIND, ventus, qui magnam partem omnis temporis in his locis flare consuevit (of the prevailing wind of a particular district, Cæsar). [Etesiæ, the wind that blows in the Mediterranean during the dog-days ; explained by Gellius, 2, 2, venti qui certo tempore, quum canis oritur, ex alia atque alia parte cœli spirant].
TRADITION, s., || Delivery of events to posterity by oral report, fama (the proper word, not to be used in the plural, in the sense of stories, accounts handed down). Circumlocution by the phrases posteris tradere or prodere aliquid ; ad posteritatem propagare aliquid ; memoriæ prodere aliquid (to hand down by tradition). A thing has been handed down by tradition, sermone hominum posteritati res prodita, tradita est. || An account thus handed down, * narratio a parentibus tradita : * narratio ore propagata ; memoria (Cf., traditio is late in this sense). A mere tradition, fabula ; res fabulosa ; historia fabularis.
TRADITIONAL, tralaticius : a majoribus or ab antiquis traditus (handed down from forefathers) : patrius (from a father ; e. g., ritus).
TRADUCE, calumniari (to accuse falsely and with evil design) : criminari aliquem apud aliquem : de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere : de aliquo absente detrahendi causa maledicere, contumelioseque dicere (Cicero, Off., 1, 37, 134) : alicui absenti male loqui (Terentius, Phorm, 2, 3, 25). I am traduced, detrahitur de mea fama.
TRADUCER, obtrectator : calumniator.
TRAFFIC. Vid. TRADE.
TRAGEDIAN, tragœdus : actor tragicus.
Tragedians, tragici (opposed to comici) ; cothurnati (opposed to calceati, Seneca, Ep., 8, 7).
TRAGEDY, tragœdia.
To write tragedies, tragœdias facere : to act tragedies, tragœdias agere.
TRAGIC,
TRAGICAL, || Properly, tragicus.
Tragi-comic piece, tragicomœdia (Plautus, Amph., Prol., 59). || Figuratively, tristis : luctuosus : miserabilis : atrox (Cf., not tragicus in this sense in good prose). So much concerning the tragical end of Alexander of Epirus, hæc de Alexandri Epirensis tristi exitu : a tragical event, casus miserabilis.
TRAGICALLY, || Properly, tragice. || Figuratively, miserabiliter ; or by circumlocution with the adjectives.
To end tragically, tristem exitum, or tristes exitus habere (of persons or things) : anything ends tragically for anybody, aliquid alicui luctuosum or funestum est.
TRAIL, trahere. Vid. DRAG.
TRAIN, s., ordo (row, order) : series (series, line, succession) : tractus, -ûs (anything drawn along after one). A train of gunpowder, etc., * ductus igniarius : a train of artillery, * cohortes tormentariæ ; * tormenta, plural ; * apparatus tormentarius : a rail-way train, * ordo vehiculorum viam ferro stratam percurrentium ; * vehicula juncta viam ferro stratam percurrentia. Vid. also, RETINUE, PROCESSION.
TRAIN, v., || To draw, vid. ||To educate, condocefacere : fingere : instituere (to instruct one, so that he may be able to do anything, ad aliquid ; e. g., boves ad aratrum, Columella, 6, 2, 8 ; canem vestigia sequi, Seneca, Clement., 1, 16) : assuefacere aliquem aliqua re (to train him to the habit of it ; e. g., disciplina, officio, Cicero) : docere aliquem aliquid (to train one anything).
TRAIT, Vid. FEATURE (properly and improperly).
TRAITOR, perduellis : perduellionis reus : majestatis reus (reus, as accused) : civium or rei publicæ paricida (Cicero, Cat., 1, 12, 29 ; Sallustius, Cat., 51, 25. Vid. TREASON) : proditor (that has an understanding with a foreign enemy, and acts in concert with him against his country ; then, also, general term, one who injures the interests of his country).
To be a traitor, paricidio patriæ obstrictum esse.
TRAITOROUS, perfidus, or by circumlocution with substantives under TRAITOR, or verbs under BETRAY.
TRAITOROUSLY, perfide (Seneca). Rather by circumlocution.
TRAMMEL, s., vinculum, catena. Vid. FETTER.
TRAMMEL, v., vinculis astringere. Vid. FETTER, HINDER.
TRAMPLE, || Properly, conculcare (Cicero) : proculcare (Livius) : pedibus proterere aliquid (Plautus) : proterere aliquid (Cæsar, Livius). || Figuratively, conculcare, obterere, pervertere aliquid.
To trample upon the rights of the people, jura, majestatem populi obterere (Livius) : to trample upon divine and human laws, jura divina atque humana pervertere (Cicero).
TRANCE, secessus mentis et animi factus a corpore (Gellius, 2, 1, 2) : animi vis sejuncta a corporis sensibus : animus abstractus a corpore : mens sevocata a corpore (Cicero) : ecstasis is late.
TRANQUIL, Vid. CALM, adjective
TRANQUILLITY, || Calmness, tranquillitas : quies. || Composure (of mind), animi tranquillitas : animus tranquillus : animi æquitas : animus æquus (tranquillity of the mind) : mentis or animi status (the state in which the mind finds itself ; vid. Cicero, Parad., 1, 3, extr. ).
To disturb anybody’s tranquillity of mind, animum alicujus perturbare, perterrere ; animum alicujus de statu or de sede sua demovere ; animum alicujus perterritum loco et certo de statu demovere ; mentem e sede sua et statu demovere : to lose one’s tranquillity, de gradu (or de statu suo) dejici ; de statu suo discedere, demigrare ; mente concidere ; perturbari ; by anything, aliqua re : to have lost one’s tranquillity, sui, or mentis, or animi non compotem esse ; minus compotem esse sui ; mente vix constare : to preserve one’s tranquillity of mind, non dejici se de gradu pati : to maintain tranquillity in a matter, non perturbari in re.
TRANQUILLIZE, Vid. CALM, v.
TRANQUILLY, || Quietly, calmly, quiete : placide. || With a tranquil mind, quieto animo : tranquille : placide : placato animo : sedate : sedato animo. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tranquille et placide ; sedate placideque.
TRANSACT, (de re) agere, transigere (cum aliquo). Vid. DO, PERFORM.
TRANSACTION, res (general term) : negotium (business). Mercantile transaction, negotium ; mercatura ; mercatio.
TRANSCEND, superare (the proper word) : vincere. vid. EXCEL, SURPASS.
TRANSCENDENCE, præstantia.
TRANSCENDENT, eximius : præstantissimus : singularis.
TRANSCENDENTAL, quod sensu or sensibus percipi non potest : quod non sub sensus cadit : quod sensibus non subjectum est.
TRANSCRIBE, describere : exscribere (to copy off) : rescribere (to write out again) : transcribere : transferre (to transfer to another book) : furari aliquid ab aliquo (to copy in a dishonorable manner, Cicero, Att., 2, 1, 1).
To transcribe with one’s own hand, aliquid sua manu transcribere : to transcribe from an author literally, but not to name him, auctorem ad verbum transcribere, neque nominare (Plinius).
TRANSCRIBER, librarius : librariolus.
TRANSCRIPT, exemplar : exemplum (a copy). A transcript of a speech in one’s own writing, oratio sua manu transcripta : an exact transcript of a will, tabulæ testamenti eodem exemplo, testamentum eodem exemplo (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 108 ; Suetonius, Tib., 76, Bremi). Vid. also, COPY.
TRANSFER, v., transponere : transferre : transducere : transmittere (properly and figuratively : Cf., transportare is classical in its literal signification ; but in a figurative sense it occurs only once, in Plinius, Paneg. ) : labore alieno magnam partam gloriam verbis sæpe in se transmovet (transfers to himself, Terentianus).
TRANSFER, s., translatio (e. g., pecuniarum, Cicero).
TRANSFERABLE, quod transferri potest. κυρικιμασαηικο
TRANSFIGURATION, Vid. TRANSFORMATION.
TRANSFIGURE, transfigurare (Plinius, Suetonius, Seneca) : transformare : refingere (Vergilius) : diffingere aliquid (Horatius, Sat., 2, 1, 79).
TRANSFIX, trajicere : transfodere : confodere : transfigere : configere : transverberare (e. g., venabulo) : percutere.
To transfix with, a sword, alicui latus transfodere gladio : aliquem gladio transfigere ; (poetical), alicujus pectus ferro or gladio haurire : to transfix with a dagger, aliquem sica conficere ; aliquem pugione percutere (for which Tacitus poetically puts the simple fodere) : to transfix from below, subfodere (e. g., equum or ilia equo).
TRANSFORM, transfigurare (Plinius) : transformare : refingere (Vergilius) : diffingere aliquid (Horatius, Sat., 2, 1, 79 ; to transfigure, change the form of anything) : immutare : conformare (in a more general sense, to change). Also figuratively, to be transformed, transfigurari (Seneca, Ep. ) ; transformari (Quintilianus). Vid. also, CHANGE.
TRANSFORMATION, transfiguratio (Plinius ; transfiguration : Cf., not transformatio, Augustinus) : immutatio (change) ; or by the verbs.
TRANSFUSE, transfundere (properly and figuratively).
TRANSFUSION, transfusio (Celsus) ; By the verb.
TRANSGRESS, || Transitively, violare (legem, officium) : non servare : non observare (legem, præceptum) : solvere or transcendere (morem) : transcendere (ordinem naturæ, Livius : Cf., not transgredi in this sense). || Intransitively, officium
relinquere : ab officio discedere (Cicero).
TRANSGRESSION, || Act of transgressing, violatio, or by the verbs (Cf., but not transgressio, as in ecclesiastical writers ; e. g., Augustin, who says transgressio legis). In case of transgression, si quis deliquerit, contra fecerit ; si quis hanc legem, hoc præceptum violaverit, neglexerit, migraverit. || An offence committed, delictum : peccatum : maleficium : nefas.
TRANSGRESSOR, violator : ruptor : qui violat, non servat, non observat aliquid : qui facit, delinquit contra aliquid (one who transgresses any particular law) : qui peccat, delinquit : maleficus (an offender in general).
The transgressor of a law must suffer its penalty, qui violavit, non observavit legem, præceptum, pœnas dabit.
TRANSIT,
TRANSITION, transitus, -ûs : transitio. Vid. also, PASSAGE.
TRANSITIVE, || In grammar, transitivus (technical term, grammatical).
TRANSITORINESS, by circumlocution ; e. g., omnes res humanas esse fluxas et caducas natura quotidie nos admonet (of the transitoriness of earthly things).
TRANSITORY,
TRANSIENT, caducus (the proper word) : infirmus (weak) : fragilis (frail) : fluxus (that soon passes away). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) caducus et infirmus : fragilis et caducus : fluxus atque fragilis. All sublunary things are transitory, infra lunam nihil nisi caducum et mortale.
TRANSLATE, || To transfer, remove, vid. || To render into another language, vertere : convertere (general term) : transferre (verbally) : reddere (to render accurately) : interpretari (to give the sense).
To translate into Latin, in Latinum convertere ; in Latinam linguam transferre ; Latine reddere ; Latinæ consuetudini tradere : to translate from Greek into Latin, ex Græco in Latinum sermonem vertere ; Græca in Latinum vertere ; ex Græco in Latinum convertere or transferre ; (ad verbum) de Græcis exprimere (Cicero) : to translate literally, word for word, closely, verbum e verbo or de verbo exprimere ; verbum pro verbo reddere ; ad verbum transferre or exprimere ; totidem verbis transferre or interpretari.
TRANSLATION, || The act of transferring or removing, by circumlocution with verbs under TRANSFER, REMOVE. || The act of rendering from one language to another, conversio : translatio (Quintilianus, Cf., There is no good authority for versio or for interpretatio in this sense).
There is no need of a verbal translation, non exprimi verbum e verbo necesse est. || A book translated, liber scriptoris conversus or translatus (vid. Cicero, N. D., 2, 41 ; Quintilianus, 10, 5, 2).
The translation of a speech, oratio conversa : a bad translation, liber male conversus.
TRANSLATOR, interpres : qui convertit, etc.
TRANSLUCENT, translucens : pellucens.
TRANSMARINE, transmarinus (Cicero, Livius, Quintilianus).
TRANSMIGRATE, transmigrare (Livius) : migrare.
TRANSMIGRATION, By the verbs : transmigrate (Prudentius).
TRANSMISSION, By the verbs.
TRANSMIT, transmittere ; over or across, etc., trans aliquid ; to, etc., in aliquid : mittere trans aliquid (to send over, etc. ). Vid. also, SEND.
TRANSMUTATION, transmutatio (Quintilianus). Vid. also, CHANGE.
TRANSMUTE, transmutare (Horatius, Lucretius). Vid. also, CHANGE.
TRANSPARENCY, || State of that which is transparent, pelluciditas (Vitruvius, 2, 8, 10) ; perspicuitas ; or by the adjective. || A transparent picture, * tabula translucida, pellucida.
TRANSPARENT, || Properly, pellucidus : translucidus : perspicuus (the first two represent the transparency as a property of a body in itself ; but perspicuus in relation to a subject looking at it). A transparent garment, vestis nihil celatura : to be transparent, pellucere ; translucere ; lucem transmittere ; pelluciditatem habere. || Figuratively, Clear, vid.
TRANSPIRE, || Properly, halare : spirare : evaporari (Gellius). || Figuratively = To come to pass, fieri, evenire. || To escape (of secrets, etc. ), exire in turbam or in vulgus ; emanare (in vulgus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) exire atque in vulgus emanare ; efferri (foras, in vulgus) ; effluere et ad aures hominum permanare.
TRANSPLANT, transponere (properly : Cf., transplantare is not classical) : transferre (properly or figuratively) : traducere in locum (figuratively ; e. g., gentem in Galliam) : collocare in loco (figuratively ; e. g., gentem in vestigiis urbis). A tree will bear transplanting, arbor in alia terra vivit et transmigrat : not to bear transplanting, translationem reformidare.
TRANSPLANTATION, translatio (Columella, Plinius) ; Or by the verb.
TRANSPORT, v., || To carry or send over, portare : transportare : transvehere (to carry over sea or land ; persons or things) : transferre (to carry over ; things) : transmittere : trajicere (to put across over the sea ; persons or things) : aliquem cum custodibus mittere aliquo (to send away in custody). || To banish, vid. || To delight, ravish, mirifice oblectare, delenire aliquem ; perfundere aliquem suavissima, incredibili, quadam voluptate, suavissimo voluptatis sensu ; ad se convertere et rapere (e. g., me totum ad se convertit et rapit Homerus de Hectoris ab Andromacha, discessu narrans ; Cicero, Off., 2, 10, 27).
TRANSPORT, s., || Transportation ; by the verb. Seneca, says transportationes populorum ; i. e., migrations. || Rapture, animi impetus or impotentia (Cicero) : impotentis animi effrenatio.
Transport of rage, excandescentia (Cicero) ; fervens animus ab ira (Ovidius). || A vessel employed for conveying troops, navigium vectorium : navicula vectoria (for conveying troops, etc. ) : navis oneraria (a ship of burden). None of the transports were missing, nulla navis, quæ milites portaret, desiderabatur.
TRANSPORTATION, || Act of transporting ; by the verb. || Banishment, vid.
TRANSPOSE, transponere : transferre : trajicere aliquid : mutare locum, sedem alicujus rei.
TRANSUBSTANTIATION, * transubstantiatio (technical term, ecclesiastical) : * immutatio : permutatio (ficta, commentitia).
TRANSVERSE, transversus : transversarius (placed athwart or across ; Cæsar, Cf., Transversus, that crosses a line at right angles ; obliquus, that forms unequal angles with a line, slanting).
TRANSVERSELY, transverse (Vitruvius) : in or per transversum (Livius) : ex transverso (Plautus) : transversum : transversa, plural.
TRAP, s., || Properly, muscipula (a mouse-trap) : laqueus (a snare ; a cord with a noose, to catchor throttle an animal ; especially plural improperly, trap laid for anybody) : tendicula (only improperly, in Cicero) : pedica (to catch an animal by the foot).
To set or lay a trap, laqueum ponere ; also with venandi causa (properly) ; laqueos ponere or disponere (for anybody, alicui ; properly and figuratively) : to fall into a trap, in laqueum (laqueos) cadere : to remain fast in a trap, in laqueis hærere (poetical : all three also, figuratively). || Figuratively, insidiæ (ambush) ; laquei (snares : Cf., decipuli or decipulum = a trap, figuratively before and after the classical age, and nowhere in the proper sense) : to lay, place, or set a trap, insidiari : for anyone, insidias alicui tendere, ponere, facere, or parare ; dolum alicui nectere ; laqueos alicui ponere or disponere : to allure anyone into a trap, in fraudem pellicere aliquem : to fall into a trap, in insidias incidere ; in laqueos se induere ; in laqueos cadere or incidere : I fall into the same trap, eadem capior via, qua alios captabam : to have fallen into a trap, laqueis irretitum teneri. [Vid. SNARE. ] || Claptraps, dulces exclamatiunculæ theatri causa productæ (vid. Quintilianus, 11, 3, 179 ; claptraps as used by an orator). Claptraps for the gallery, verba ad summam caveam spectantia.
TRAP, v., || To entrap, captare laqueis (properly) : irretire laqueis (properly and figuratively). [Vid. ENTRAP. ] || Adorn, vid.
TRAP-DOOR, * janua pensilis (in solo descensum præbens ad ea quæ infra sunt).
TRAPPINGS, ornatus, -ûs (general term) : phaleræ (properly, of horses ; i. e., little golden or silver crescent-shaped plates, with which the neck, head, etc., of horses were ornamented ; also of persons, especially military men, but worn sometimes even by women ; Publius Syrus, ap. Petron., Sat. 55).
To adorn with trappings, phaleris ornare : adorned with trappings, phaleratus. [Vid. ORNAMENT. ] || Horse-trappings, ornamentum equi (general term) : phaleræ (vid. above). || Improperly, The trappings of woe, insignia lugentium (Cicero).
TRASH, gerræ : nugæ : tricæ, plural, (trifles) : res vilissima (a worthless thing) : res nihili.
TRASHY, vilis : nihili.
TRAVAIL, Vid. LABOR.
TRAVEL, s., iter. Vid. JOURNEY.
TRAVEL, v., iter facere (to be on a journey) : peregrinationes suscipere (to go into foreign parts) : peregrinari : peregrinatum abesse (to be on one’s travels).
To travel to a place, proficisci ; tendere ; contendere aliquo : to travel day and night, die nocteque continuare iter ; to a place, diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere aliquo : to travel through a place, iter facere per locum ; transire per locum : to travel by a place,
præter locum transire ; locum præterire : to travel over, obire (to go through) ; circumire (to go round) ; lustrare (to visit in travelling) ; peragrare (to wander through) ; percurrere (with or without celeriter, to travel through quickly).
TRAVELLER, iter faciens (one who is on a journey) : viator (a pedestrian) : peregrinator : peregrinans (one who is in a foreign country) : hospes (a guest remaining for a time with anyone) : advena (a stranger in a place).
TRAVERSE, Vid. CROSS.
TRAVESTY, ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorquere (Eichst. ) : ridiculum reddere : in jocum vertere.
TRAY, ferculum (general term ; also for placing meat on the table).
TREACHEROUS, perfidus : perfidiosus : dolosus (tricky) : subdolus (secretly plotting, etc. ) : falsus (false).
TREACHEROUSLY, perfide (Seneca) : perfidiose (Cicero).
TREACHERY, perfidia : proditio (act of a traitor).
TREACLE, || Spume of sugar, * sacchari spuma. || Theriac, theriaca, -æ, or theriace, -es, feminine. (Plinius)
TREAD, v., pede insistere.
To tread firmly, firmiter insistere : to tread softly, placido, suspenso pede incedere ; suspenso gradu ire (properly, in walking) : parce ac molliter facere (figuratively, to go cautiously to work) : lenius agere (to make use of gentle means ; opposed to acerbius agere, as in Livius, 39, 25) : to tread upon, pedem alicui rei imponere ; alicui rei insistere ; pedem ponere in aliqua re (Cicero) : to tread under foot, calcare (properly and figuratively) [Vid. also, TRAMPLE. ]
To tread grapes, uvas calcare (Cato) : to tread clay, terram argillaceam calcando præparare : to tread in the footsteps of another, vestigia alicujus persequi ; vestigiis alicujus ingredi, insistere ; aliquem vestigiis consequi. || (Of birds), calcare (Columella).
TREAD, s., vestigium (footstep, mark or impression of the foot : also a step).
TREASON, proditio (treachery). High treason, perduellio (the crime of one who undertakes anything against the freedom of the citizens and the public safety) ; crimen majestatis, or (in later writers) crimen læsæ majestatis (the offence of one who wrongs the dignity and disturbs the tranquillity of the Roman people and the government ; as, by betraying an army to the enemy, by sedition, etc ; vid. Tacitus, Ann., 1, 72, 2 : in later times, an offence against the sacred person of the prince ; Cf. Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, Antiquitatum Romanarum jurisprudentiam illustrantium syntagma, 4, 18, 46, and the followings. In the time of the republic, the Romans, especially the orators, expressed “high treason” against the state by paricidium patriæ, or by the more general term, scelus ; both opposed to pietas ; vid. Cicero, Sull., 2, 6 ; Off., 3, 21, 83 ; Cat., 2, 1, 1 ; 11, 25) : to commit or be guilty of high treason (agist the Roman people), majestatem populi Romani minuere or lædere : to commit treason against one’s native country, patriæ paricidio obstringi or se obstringere : to declare anything to be treason against the state, indicare aliquid contra rempublicam factum esse.
TREASONABLE, perfidus : perfidiosus ; or by circumlocution.
TREASONABLY, By circumlocution (perfide, Seneca).
TREASURE, s., thesaurus : copia (store of precious things ; properly and figuratively) : gaza (the same, but especially of royal treasure) : opes, divitiæ (wealth, riches).
To amass treasure, opes, divitias colligere ; thesaurum parare (Plautus) ; opes cumulare (Curtius) : to bury or hide a treasure, thesaurum defodere, obruere (Cicero), occultare (Livius) : to find a treasure, thesaurum fodere (Cicero), effodere (Petronius) : public treasure, ærarium ; thesaurus publicus (Cicero) : that man is a treasure to me, mihi ille vir thesaurus est (Plinius, Ep., 1, 22, 5) : the treasures of talent and industry, copiæ ingenii et acerrimi studii (Wolf). My treasure ! deliciæ meæ! voluptas mea! amores mei !
TREASURE, v., (opes) cumulare : (opes, divitias) colligere (to amass riches) : thesaurum occultare (to hide a treasure).
TREASURER, ærarii præfectus (Plinius, Ep., 5, 15, 5) : custos gazæ (Nepos, Dat., 5, 3) : under the later emperors, thesaurarius : thesaurensis (Codex Justinianus) : comes largitionum sacrarum : comes thesaurorum (Ammianus).
TREASURY, ærarium : thesaurus publicus (of the state) : fiscus (of a prince).
To lay up in the treasury, reponere pecuniam in thesauros, in thesauris : to bring into the treasury, pecuniam invehere in ærarium (Cicero, Off., 2, 22, 76) ; ferre (Livius) or referre (Cicero) in ærarium ; pecuniam ærario conferre (Velleius) : to exhaust the treasury, pecuniam ex ærario exhaurire (Velleius).
TREAT, v., || Transitively, To use in a certain manner, aliquem tractare, habere ; well, ill, etc., bene, male, etc.
To treat one kindly, liberaliter habere or tractare aliquem : to treat with respect, honorifice tractare aliquem : to treat with the greatest respect, summo honore afficere aliquem : to treat one with indulgence, indulgentia tractare aliquem ; indulgere alicui (vid. Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 1, 40) : to treat one in a hostile manner, in hostium numero habere ; pro hoste habere or ducere : to treat one in the same manner as another, aliquem eodem loco habere quo alium : to treat with contempt, contumeliose agere (de). || To manage, tractare aliquem or aliquid (the proper word) : curare aliquem or aliquid (to attend to, wait upon) : disputare, disserere de re (to handle ; of a literary subject).
To treat a disease, curare morbum ; adhibere morbo curationem : to treat a patient, aliquem tractare, curare : to suffer one’s self to be treated (of a patient), se curari pati : to suffer a patient to be treated by another physician, ægrotum alii medico tradere. ||To handle, discuss (a subject), agere rem, or dealiqua re (in general ; vid. Ochs : Cicero, Ecl., p. 230) : disputare, disserere de aliqua re (of the disputations of learned men ; and disserere especially of a connected discourse ; vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 12 and 354) : sermonem habere de re (to maintain a conversation ; of two or more) : dicere de aliqua re (to speak of) : scribere de aliqua re : scriptura persequi aliquid (to write of). A book which treats of, etc. liber qui est or qui est conscriptus de etc. (Cf., but not simply liber de, etc. ) : the books which usually treat concerning contempt of death, libri quos scribunt de contemnenda morte : to treat briefly of anything, paucis absolvere aliquid. || To entertain, vid. || Intransitively. To negotiate, agere de re : postulare conditions alicujus rei.
To treat with anyone, agere cum aliquo de aliqua re (in general) ; colloqui cum aliquo de aliqua re (by word of mouth) ; colloqui per internuncios cum aliquo, et de aliqua re mentionem facere (by the intervention of a third party) : to treat for a thing, cum aliquo agere (etc. ), ut.
TREAT, s., Vid. ENTERTAINMENT.
TREATISE, liber : libellus (Cf., not dissertatio, which always denotes a verbal discussion).
TREATMENT, || Usage, tractatio. Kind treatment, comitas ; humanitas : harsh treatment, asperitas ; sævitia (cruelty) : mild, gentle treatment, lenitas ; indulgentia (indulgent treatment) : bad, shameful treatment, contumelia : unworthy treatment., indignitates (vid. Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 2, 14) : to receive good treatment from anyone, liberaliter ab aliquo haberi et coli. || Management, administration, tractatio : cura : curatio (e. g., curationem adhibere morbis, or admovere, to cure by treatment).
TREATY, fœdus (a public treaty, confirmed by the authority of the Senate and people ; also, between two or more individuals) : sponsio (a treaty concluded, or a peace made by mutual consent and solemn promise of the generals of armies, but not ratified by the Senate and people of the two belligerent nations ; vid. Livius, 9, 5, in., lion fœdere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est).
To make or conclude a treaty with anyone, fœdus cum aliquo facere, icere, ferire, percutere ; fœdus jungere cum aliquo ; fœdere jungere alicui ; fœdus inire cum aliquo : to conclude a treaty of marriage [vid. To MARRY] : I am in treaty with any one, mihi cum aliquo fœdus est ictum : to observe a treaty, fœdus servare ; fœdere stare ; in fide manere (opposed to fœdus negligere ; fœdus violare, rumpere, frangere fœdus violare et frangere).
TREBLE, adjective, triplus (thrice as much) : trigeminus or (more poetical) tergeminus (repeated three times) : tripartitus (in three parts) : triplex (consisting of three divisions) : terni, -æ, -a (three at once ; e. g., soles terni).
TREBLE, v., triplicare (Gellius).
TREBLE, s., || In music, vox attenuata, acuta (Auctor ad Her. ) : soni acuti (Cicero) : summa vox (Horatius, Sat. ).
To sing treble, summa voce canere : to go from the highest treble to the deepest bass, vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere (Cicero, De Or., 1, 59, 201).
TREBLY, triplum (thrice as much) : tripartita (in three parts) : trifariam (in a three-fold manner ; e. g., trifariam or tripartito dividere).
TREE, arbor (general term) : planta (for transplanting) : mater (from which grafts or scions are taken). A little tree, arbuscula : concerned with or belonging to trees, arborarius : of a tree, arboreus (e. g., the fruit) : a place planted with trees,
arbustum (especially a place where vines grow on other trees) ; pomarium (an orchard) : to plant a field with trees, arbu stare agrum (Plinius, 17, 23, 35, No. 22, or § 201) : to grow to a tree, arborescere : the tree of a saddle, * forma sellæ equestris.
TREFOIL, trifolium (Plinius, Linnæus).
TRELLIS, clathri, plural : Cf., cancelli = lattice-work with larger openings.
Trellis-work, opus clathratum : made of trellis-work, clathratus.
TREMBLE, tremere (general term) : contremiscere : intremiscere (all three especially to shake with fear ; of persons and things) : horrere (to shudder, of persons) : micare (to move to and fro, as a leaf, etc. ) : I tremble all over, or in every limb, totus tremo horreoque (Terentianus) : toto pectore tremo (Cicero) ; omnibus artubus contremisco (Cicero) : to tremble at anything, aliquid tremere, contremiscere, extimescere : I do not tremble at this danger, hoc ego periculum non extimesco (Cicero) : to write with a trembling hand, vacillante manu scribere, epistolam exarare : the earth trembles, terra movetur or movet (movet in Livius, 35, 40, etc. ), or quatitur (is shaken) : the earth begins to tremble, terra intremiscit.
TREMBLING, participial adjective, tremens : tremebundus (in a single case) : tremulus (also of a lasting state ; all three of persons and things). Written with a trembling hand, vacillantibus literuis scriptus (after Cicero, Fam., 16, 15, 2 ; cf. litera manu pressa tremente labat, Ovidius). A trembling hand, manus tremebunda or tremula (e. g., of a drunken man) ; manus intremiscens (e. g., of a surgeon performing an operation) : a trembling voice, tremebunda vox.
TREMBLING, s., tremor : horror (shuddering with cold, etc. ).
Trembling seizes me, contremisco ; exhorresco ; horror me perfundit (Cicero, poetical) ; tremor, horror occupat membra mea, artus meos.
TREMENDOUS, terribilis : formidolosus : reformidandus : metuendus : timendus (Cf., formidabilis only poetical) [SYN. in FEARFUL] : ingens : immanis (huge, monstrous). Very tremendous, horribilis ; horrendus ; sævus : a tremendous storm, tempestas turbulentissima, vehementissima : to be tremendous, formidini, terrori esse alicui.
TREMENDOUSLY, horrendum or terribilem in modum ; also, formidolose (Cicero).
TREMULOUS, Vid. TREMBLING.
TRENCH, fossa (general term) : diminutive, fossula (Columella) : incile, or fossa incilis (a trench in a field for drainage, a drain) :
To draw or make a trench, fossam ducere (Plinius) ; facere ; fodere (Livius) ; percutere (Plinius, Ep. ) ; deprimere (Hirtius) ; cavare (Plinius) : to a certain point, fossam perducere aliquo : to make a trench before a place, fossam præducere (Cæsar) : to surround with a trench, (oppidum) fossa circumdare (Cicero) : to guard the entrance by a large trench, aditum vastissima fossa cingere (Cicero, De Rep., 2, 6).
TRENCH UPON, Vid. ENCROACH.
TRENCHER, catillus (ligneus).
TRENCHING, || In husbandry, pastinatio.
TREPAN, s., || A surgical instrument, terebra (large) : modiolus : * serra versatilis (smaller).
TREPAN, v., || In surgery, terebra, modiolo perforare calvariam (after Celsus) : foramen facere terebra : cerebrum excidere (Celsus). || To cheat ; vid.
TREPIDATION, tremor : trepidatio. Vid. FEAR.
TRESPASS, [Vid. TRANSGRESS, TRANSGRESSION. ]
To trespass (in shooting, etc. ), in alienum fundum ingredi venandi aucupandive gratia (Gaius, Digests, 41, 1, 3).
TRESS, cirrus (natural, Martialis) : cincinnus (artificial, Plautus).
TRESSEL, * fulcrum : * machina (general term).
The tressel for a table, perhaps * pedes menss plicatiles.
TRIAL, || Examination, tentatio : spectatio : examen : deliberatio : reputatio : consideratio. [SYN. in EXAMINATION]. || Attempt, conatus : periculum : experimentum [SYN. in ATTEMPT] : tentamen (only in Ovid, but probably current also in prose). An unsuccessful trial, res infeliciter tentata : to make a trial, periculum facere (alicujus rei) ; conatum facere or incipere. || Legal trial, quæstio (the inquiry).
To put anybody on his trial, aliquem lege interrogare : quærere ex aliquo : quæstionem habere de or ex aliquo : quæstionem ponere in aliquem : for anything, audire de aliqua re ; quæstionem habere or instituere de aliqua re ; aliquem lege alicujus rei (or alicujus rei only) interrogare : to be put upon one’s trial, lege interrogari. [Vid. ACTION for more phrases. ] || Trials = misfortunes sent to try us, * calamitates virtutis spectandæ causa divinitus allatæ ; also labores (hardships).
TRIANGLE, triangulum : trigonum : figura triquetra. An equilateral triangle, trigonum æquis or paribus lateribus : a right-angled triangle, trigonum orthogonium.
To divide a square by a diagonal line into two equal triangles, quadratum linea diagonia, or diagonali, in duo trigona æqua magnitudine dividere : to construct an equilateral triangle on a given line, in data linea triangulum æquis lateribus constituere.
TRIANGULAR, triangulus : trigonus (having three angles) : triquetrus (having three sides).
TRIBE, tribus, -ûs (in all the senses of the English word). By tribes, tribe by tribe, tributim.
TRIBULATION, mæstitia : mæror (sorrow, grief) : miseria : ærumna : res miseræ (calamity). Vid. CALAMITY, SORROW.
TRIBUNAL, tribunal (judgement-seat) : judicium (judgement).
To summon anybody before a tribunal, aliquem in judicium vocare : to appear at a tribunal, in judicium venire.
TRIBUNATE,
TRIBUNESHIP, tribunatus, -ûs.
TRIBUNE, tribunus.
TRIBUNITIAL, tribunitius ; or, by genitive, tribunorum.
TRIBUTARY, vectigalis (general term, that pays taxes) : tributarius (that pays poll- and land-tax ; both these of persons and things) : stipendiarius (that pays a fixed yearly sum ; of persons, especially in conquered or subject states).
To render tributary, vectigalem or stipendiarium facere : to be tributary, vectigalia, tributa, or stipendia pensitare : to be tributary to anybody, stipendiarium esse alicui.
TRIBUTE, tributum. Vid. TAX.
TRICE, punctum or momentum temporis : minimum temporis punctum.
TRICK, s., ars : dolus : artificium : techna (comedy).
To play tricks, dolos nectere, procudere (comedy) : a juggling trick, præstigiæ (deception, delusion) : circulatoriæ præstigiæ (of a juggler ; Tertullianus, Apol., 23) : fabula (as it were, a comedy, which one plays for the purpose of deceiving ; e. g., Cornicinius ad suam veterem fabulam rediit, Cicero, Att., 4, 2, 4) ; at cards, * paginæ (lusoriæ) captæ, or captandæ.
TRICK, v., || To deceive, fraude or dolo capere : eludere : fucum facere alicui : fraudare : fraudem or tallaciam alicui facere.
To trick anybody out of anything, aliquem fraudare or defraudare aliqua re ; out of money, aliquem circumducere or circumvertere argento : aliquem emungere argento : perfabricare aliquem (all comedy). || To adorn, exornare. vid. ADORN.
TRICKERY, dolus : dolus malus : doli atque fallaciæ : ars : artes, plural ; machinæ : fraus. SYN. in DECEIT.
TRICKISH, dolosus : subdolus : fallax.
TRICKLE, manare (to flow) : stillare, distillare aliqua re (in drops).
TRIDENT, tridens (Plinius) ; cuspis triplex (Ovidius) ; also, cuspis only (Ovidius) ; fuscina (Cicero).
TRIED, probatus (tried and found good) : spectatus (properly, repeatedly and closely examined ; both of persons and things) : igni spectatus : igni perspectus (that has stood the test of fire, Cicero, Off., 2, 1 1 , 38 ; of friendship, Cicero, post Red. in Sen., 9, 23) : cognitus (known ; of things) :
Thoroughly tried, per omnia expertus : tried by experience, probatus experimento : of tried fidelity, fidelis : a man of tried virtue, homo cognita virtute : men of tried morality, viri quorum vita in rebus honestis perspecta est.
TRIENNIAL, trietericus. A triennial feast (i. e., one celebrated every three years, trieterica (sacra), -orum, neuter ; trieteris, -idis, feminine ; triennia, -um, neuter (scilicet, sacra, Ovidius, Met., 9, 642, Bach. ).
TRIFLE, s., res parva : res minuta : paullum : paullulum [SYN. in LITTLE] : opus minutum (a work of art in miniature) : munus leve : munusculum (a little present) : res parvi momenti (anything of small importance) : It may also frequently be expressed by the adjectives, parvus, levis, perlevis.
Trifles, minutiæ ; res parvæ or minutæ ; nugæ (insignificant trifles) : apinæ (bagatelles, nonsense ; Martialis, 1, 114, 2, sq., of his epigrams) : this is a trifle, hoc leve est ; id parvum est : it is no trifle, est aliquid : non leve est : these are trifles, hæc parva sunt ; hæc nugæ sunt (inconsiderable things not worth caring for ; e. g., these are trifles, but it was by not despising these trifles that, etc., parva sunt hæc, sed parva ista non contemnendo, etc. ; Livius, 6, 41) ; sunt apinæ tricæque et si quid vilius istis (scarcely worthy of regard ; Martialis, 14, 1, 7 ; of things) : is that (circumstance) a trifle? num parva causa est? that is no trifle in my sight, non parvi illud æstimo : to reduce a very difficult thing to a mere trifle, rem facilem ex difficillima redigere (Cæsar, B. G.,
2, 27) : he accomplished the matter, which certainly was no trifle, id quod erat difficillimum, effecit : to give one’s self up to trifles ; to trouble one’s self about trifles, minutiarum esse studiosum (Cf., but not reduviam curare, which has the meaning only from the context ; Cicero, Rosc. Am., 44, 128) : anything is a mere trifle to me, aliquid mihi jocus or ludus est : to injure a person not even in the merest trifle, ne minima quidem re lædere aliquem : to buy for a trifle (at a lew price), parvo emere, ære pauco emere : to be knocked down at a trifle, nummo addici (at an auction).
TRIFLE, v., nugari : alucinari (Cicero) ; ineptire (Terentianus) ; ludere (Horatius, Ep. ).
TRIFLER, homo nugax (Cicero) : cunctator (idler).
TRIFLING, s., ineptiæ : * minutiarum studium (after minutiarum studiosus). Away with this trifling! tolle has ineptias.
TRIFLING, adjective, levis : exiguus : parvus : parvus dictu (e. g., res; opposed to magni momenti res) [SYN. in INCONSIDERABLE] : minutus (insignificant) : abjectus (common, low) : mediocris (not great). Accuracy or care in trifling matters, minutiæ subtilitas or diligentia : trifling investigations, quæstiones minutæ. A trifling present, leve munus ; munus levidense (once, Cicero, Fam., 9, 12, quite at the end) : for a more trifling cause, leviore de causa (Cæsar) : such trifling matters, tantulæ res : such trifling occupations or engagements, tantularum rerum occupationes (the business, trouble, etc., such trifling matters cause) : no trifling sum, nummi non mediocris summæ : to propose trifling questions, res minutas quærere ; minutas interrogationes proponere : to be fond of trifling pursuits, minutiarum esse studiosum : to consider anything as a trifling matter, aliquid parvi facere, or (Tacitus) in levi habere.
TRIG, (rotam) sufflaminare (Seneca).
TRIGGER (of a wheel), sufflamen, Juvenalis; (of a gun), * ligula (sclopeti).
TRILATERAL, triquetrus : tribus lateribus.
TRILL, s., sonus vibrans.
TRILL, v., vocem vibrissare (Titinnius, ap. Fest., explained by vocem in cantando crispare, Festus).
TRIM, adjective, comtus : nitidus.
TRIM, v., componere (to adjust) : ornare : exornare (to adorn, decorate).
To trim one’s hair [vid., “To dress the HAIR”] : to trim trees, arbores putare or amputare (to clip, prune ; opposed to immittere) : tondere (to clip, as hedges, etc. ) : collucare or interlucare, or sublucare (to thin) : intervellere (to cut away boughs or branches).
TRIMMER, temporum multorum homo (a time-server). Rroverbially, qui duabus sellis sedere solet.
TRINE, trinus.
Trine aspect (in astrology), trigonum.
TRINITY, trinitas (ecclesiastical). Cf., Perhaps, by circumlocution, triplex Dei natura (after Justinus, 44, 4, 16). κυρικιμασαηικο
TRINKET, mundus muliebris : plural, deliciæ muliebres : merces lepidæ ad nitidioris vitæ instrumenta pertinentes (after Pliny).
TRIO, || Union of three voices, * cantus musicorum ternarius. || Three together, tres : trini, -æ, -a.
TRIP, v., || Transitively, supplantare aliquem (Cicero) : aliquem pedibus subductis in terram arietare (Curtius). || Intransitively, In trouble, (ad rem) pedem offendere. [Vid. STUMBLE. ] Here I have caught you tripping, for, etc., teneo te, inquam, nam, etc. || To move along lightly and quickly, celeriter ire ; ocius se movere ; currere (to run).
TRIP, s., || Stumble, pedis offensio : lapsus (so as to fall). || A short journey, excursio : iter breve.
TRIPARTITE, tripartltus (Cicero).
TRIPE, intestina, plural, (fendicæ, Arnobius) : omasum (of oxen, Horatius) : omentum (porci, Juvenalis).
TRIPLE, triplex. Vid. also, TREBLE.
TRIPLET, * versus terni.
TRIPOD, tripus, -ŏdis (Cicero).
TRIREME, triremis. Cf., Avoid trieris (τριήρης), which is in some Codd., Nepos, Alcibiades, 4, 3.
TRISYLLABIC, trisyllabus (Varro).
TRITE, tritus : contritus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) communis et contritus.
Trite rules, omnium communia et contrita præcepta : trite things, res pervulgatæ or vulgi rumoribus exagitatæ ; summum jus summa injuria factum est jam tritum sermone (Proverbially, a trite saying, Cicero).
TRIUMPH, s., Properly, in the Roman sense, triumphus (a larger, a regular triumph) : ovatio (smaller or incomplete).
To celebrate a triumph, triumphare : triumphum agere, habere (de aliquo populo, ex aliqua regione, over), or ovare (if only the ovatio) : to lead anybody in triumph, aliquem ducere in triumpho, per triumphum : to obtain a triumph, triumphum deportare : to decree a triumph, triumphum alicui decernere. Figuratively, triumphus, victoria (victory) : exsultatio (Tacitus) : lætitia exsultans, gestiens (Cicero).
TRIUMPH, v., Properly, triumphare : triumphum agere, habere (ovare, to celebrate an ovation) : victorem invehi in capitolium cum insigni illa laurea (Cicero) : triumphantem inire urbem (Livius).
To triumph over anybody, or a country, triumphare, triumphum agere de aliquo, ex aliqua terra. Figuratively, vincere ; victoriam referre, reportare (to conquer) : triumphare : exsultare (to rejoice).
TRIUMPHAL, triumphalis. A triumphal arch, arcus triumphalis : a triumphal car, vehiculum triumphale (Cicero) ; currus triumphalis (Plinius) ; or, from context, simply currus : triumphal procession, pompa triumphalis.
TRIUMPHANT, triumphans. A triumphant general, imperator triumphans : Cf., triumphator is late.
TRIUMVIR, triumvir.
TRIUMVIRATE, triumviratus, -us.
TRIUNE, trinus (Deus), ecclesiastical.
TRIVIAL, levis : parvus : trivialis (Suetonius, common). Vid. TRIFLING.
TROCHAIC, trochaicus.
TROCHEE, trochæus.
TROOP, s., turba, grex, globus (an irregular multitude ; turba, in disorder ; grex, without form or order ; globus, group, thronging mass) : caterva (of soldiers or others ; crowd) : cohors (as a regiment, etc. ) : manus (a band of men) : exercitus (a host, poetical) : multitudo (a great number). A troop of soldiers, militum manus or caterva : a troop of players, scenicorum grex : in troops, catervatim.
TROOP, v., coire : convenire : se congregare (in great numbers) : confluere : frequentes convenire.
TROOPER, eques, -itis, masculine.
TROOPS, milites, plural, Vid. ARMY, SOLDIER.
TROPE, tropus (Quintilianus) : verbi translatio (Cicero) : verborum immutatio (Cicero, Or., 17, 69).
TROPHY, tropæum (Cicero).
To erect a trophy, tropæum ponere, statuere, sistere, constituere.
TROPIC, tropicus (technical term). ; circulus tropicus (Hyginus).
The tropic of Cancer, orbis, circulus, solstitialis (Gellius) : the tropic of Capricorn, orbis, circulus, brumalis (Gellius).
TROPICAL, || Relating to a tropic, by genitive, circuli tropici, etc. || Figurative, translatus.
TROT, s., * gradus citatus.
TROT, v., * gradu citato ire : currere.
To trop after, citato equo subsequi aliquem or aliquid : equo vectum sequi aliquem or aliquid.
TROTH, fides.
To plight one’s troth, fidem suam obligare ; fidem alicui dare : in troth, ex bona or optima fide.
TROTTER, A rough trotter, succussor, succussator (Lucilius, ap. Non., 16, 30 sequens and the followings). to be a rough trotter, succussare gressus (Attil, ap. Non., 16, 28 sequens).
TROUBLE, s., || Pains, labor, opera : virium contentio : labor : negotium : studium. [SYN. in LABOR. ] With great trouble, ægerrime : vix (scarcely) : multa opera : magno labore : multo labore et sudore : multo negotio : without any trouble, facile : facili negotio : but mostly nullo negotio or sine negotio : to give one’s self trouble, multam operam consumere : to lose all one’s trouble, operam or operam et oleum perdere : frustra niti : to take trouble for anybody, niti pro aliquo : alicui operam præstare or dicare : to take trouble about anything, studere, operam dare or navare alicui rei (for the purpose of obtaining it) : to take trouble to do anything, niti : eniti : laborare : elaborare. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) eniti et efficere : eniti et contendere : contendere et laborare (all with ut) : to take great trouble, omnibus viribus contendere : omnibus nervis conniti : omni ope atque opera eniti (all with ut). Don’t put yourself to any trouble, noli tibi molestiam exhibere : to take much trouble to no purpose, multam operam frustra consumere : to have trouble in anything, operam sustinere in aliqua re : to take or undertake the trouble, operam capere, suscipere, or obire : to spare no trouble, operæ or labori non parcere : to submit to the trouble, æquo animo laborem ferre : to relieve anybody from the trouble, alicui laborem demere : I need not put myself to this trouble, hoc labore supersedere possum : it is not worth the trouble, non tanti est : it is worth the trouble, operæ pretium est : don’t give yourself any trouble for me, noli mea causa laborare. || Annoyance, molestia : onus (burden) : cura (anxiety) : incommodum.
To give anybody trouble, alicui negotium facessere or exhibere (facere doubtful, Krebs) ; molestiam alicui afferre, exhibere
; molestia aliquem afficere ; some trouble, aliquid aspergere molestiæ (i. e., as a drawback ; the other circumstances being of a favorable or happy kind).
To be a trouble to anybody, alicui esse molestiæ (Plautus), oneri (Livius) : onerare aliquem (Cicero). || Affliction, vid.
To rest from his troubles, a vitæ laboribus quietem capere. || Commotion, vid.
TROUBLE, v., || To tease, annoy, negotium facessere, negotium or molestiam exhibere alicui.
To trouble anybody with anything, obtundere aliquem aliqua re (e. g., literis, rogitando) ; obstrepere alicui (e. g., literis) ; with entreaties, precibus fatigare aliquem : molestiam alicui afferre ; molestia aliquem afficere ; alicui aliqua re molestum or gravem esse. || To disturb, disquiet, agitare (properly, to put in motion ; e. g., the water : hence to disturb, e. g., anyone, the mind) : exagitare (properly, to hunt up ; hence to rouse, harass ; e. g., one’s neighbors, the state) : vexare (to attack) : lacessere (to provoke to battle) : carpere (to weaken by single, repeated attacks) : commovere (to disturb the mind) : sollicitare, sollicitum facere (to render anyone anxious or solicitous) : pungere (with a pointed instrument, to touch sensibly) : turbare, conturbare, perturbare (to perplex or confuse, to put out of tone).
That troubles me, hoc male me habet : hoc me commovet, me pungit. || To give pain, afflict, contristare (in conversational style, in Cœlius, ap. Cic., Ep., 8, 9, quite at the end ; frequently in Seneca, and Columella).
Usually expressed by a circumlocution with dolorem alicui facere, efficere, afferre, commovere, incutere : dolore aliquem officere. I am troubled, doleo : dolet mihi : ægre or moleste fero : to trouble one’s self about anything = to be vexed or harassed on account of it, dolere or mærere rem or re : dolorem ex re accipere, capere, suscipere, haurire : molestiam trahere ex re : (much), magnum dolorem ex re accipere : ex re magnam animo molestiam capere. || To trouble one’s self about anything = to care for it, laborare de re : curare aliquid : curæ (Cf., not curæ cordique) mihi est aliquid : not to trouble one’s self about a thing, negligere, non curare aliquid : he has enough to trouble himself about, is rerum suarum satagit (comedy) : not to trouble one’s self about anything at all, omni curatione et administratione rerum vacare : nihil omnino curare (of the heathen deities) : soluto et quieto esse animo (to live without care ; of men) : to trouble one’s self to inquire or ask after anything, curare, quærere aliquid ; anquirere de aliquo or de aliqua re ; alicujus rei rationem habere or ducere : I do not trouble myself about anyone, nihil curo aliquem : to trouble one’s self about other people’s concerns, aliena (negotia) curare, curare quæ ad me non pertinent : anquirere de alieno : not to trouble one’s self about household concerns, omittere curas familiares : not to trouble one’s self about the opinions of others, non curare quid alii censeant : why should I trouble myself about it? quid mihi cum illa re? (what have I to do with it?) : I do not trouble myself about it, nihil hoc ad me (scilicet, pertinet).
TROUBLER, turbator. Or, usually, by circumlocution with verbs under TROUBLE ; e. g., qui alicui negotium facessit, etc., or homo molestus, etc.
TROUBLESOME, molestus : gravis (burdensome) : incommodus : iniquus (inconvenient) : durus (hard, oppressive) : operosus, laboriosus (full of labor) : odiosus (to which one has a disinclination) : difficilis (difficult). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) gravis et incommodus : gravis et odiosus : laboriosus molestusque : odiosus et molestus. Very troublesome, permolestus : perincommodus : troublesome times, res miseræ ; tempora misera, dura ; iniquitas temporum : in exceedingly troublesome times, summo et difficillimo reipublicæ tempore (Cicero) : a troublesome office, provincia molesta et negotiosa : in a troublesome manner, moleste : graviter : incommode : in a very troublesome manner, permoleste, perincommode : to be troublesome, degravare (e. g., of a wound, Livius, 7, 24) : to be troublesome to, molestiam alicui afferre, exhibere ; gravem, molestum esse alicui ; oneri esse : (by speaking), gravem esse alicujus auribus ; aures alicujus onerare verbis : (by asking), obtundere aliquem rogitando : (by letters), obtundere aliquem : obstrepere alicui literis : (with entreaties), fatigare aliquem precibus : if it be not troublesome to you, nisi molestum est ; si tibi grave non est : I fear I am troublesome to you, vereor ne tibi gravis sim : a troublesome fellow, homo molestus or odiosus : send away these troublesome fellows, abige muscas (Cicero).
TROUGH, alveus : diminutive, alveolus (Cf., labrum, a vat, tub).
TROUNCE. Vid. PUNISH.
TROUT, trutta (Glossarium) ; * salmo fario (Linnæus) ; fario (probably the salmon-trout, Ausonius, Mosell., 130) ; aurata (the golden trout, * sparus aurata, Linnæus).
TROW, Vid. BELIEVE, THINK.
TROWEL, trulla.
To lay on mortar with a trowel, trullissare (Vitruvius).
TROWELLING, trullissatio (Vitruvius).
TROWSERS, feminalia (Suetonius ; Cf ., not femoralia) : braccæ (bracæ, Tacitus), or, if necessary, laxæ braccæ, to distinguish from braccæ strictæ, breeches. Wearing trowsers, braccatus (Cicero) : to wear trowsers and stockings in winter, hieme muniri feminalibus tibialibusque (Suetonius, Aug., 82).
TRUANT, [Vid. VAGUE, IDLE. ]
To play the truant, * scholam non obire.
TRUCE, induciæ, plural.
To make a truce, inducias cum cere (Cicero) ; inire (Plinius, Ep. ) ; pacisci (Cicero) : to sue or ask for a truce, petere inducias (Nepos) ; postulate ut sint induciæ (Cicero) : to grant a truce, dare inducias (Livius, 1, 15) : to maintain a truce, inducias conservare (Nepos) : to observe or respect a truce, jura induciarum servare (Cæsar, B. C., 1, 85) : to break a truce, inducias per scelus violare (ib., 2, 15) : during a truce, per inducias (Sallustius) : a truce of thirty days having been concluded, quum triginta dierum essent cum hoste pactæ induciæ (Cicero, Off., 1, 10, 33). the truce having expired, postquam induciarum dies præteriit (Nepos, Ages., 3, 1) ; induciarum tempore circumacto (Livius, 27, 30) : the truce had not yet expired, nondum induciarum dies exierat (Livius, 30, 35).
TRUCK, Vid. BARTER.
TRUCKLE, se venditare alicui : adulari aliquem. Vid. CROUCH.
TRUCKS, * currus volubilis.
TRUDGE, pedibus ire. I cannot trudge it, pedibus ire non queo (Plautus) : to trudge off, se amoliri : se auferre come, trudge along, amove te hinc ; abi.
TRUE, || Not false, real, verus (general term) : sincerus, germanus (uncorrupt, pure, genuine). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) verus et sincerus.
To see anybody in his true colors, aliquem evolutum integumentis dissimulationis nudatumque perspicere (Cicero) : a true scholar, vir vere doctus : a true Stoic, verus et sincerus Stoicus : germanus Stoicus : not a syllable of it is true, tota res ficta est : it is true, verum est : res ita se habet : res veritate nititur (general terms) : non nego : concedo : fateor (as forms of giving assent) : it is not true, falsum est : to be found or proved true, exitu comprobari : dreams come true, somnia evadunt or eveniunt (Cicero). || Faithful, vid. || Exact, rectus. || In forms of protestation and swearing : “as true as, ” ita or sic with the subjunctive followed by ut, with the subjunctive if a wish is to be expressed, the indicative, if an assertion is to be made : “as true as I live, I shudder”, etc., ita vivam (or ita deos mihi velim propitios), ut – perhorresco : or (with ita vivam thrown in parenthetically) perhorresco, ita vivam, etc. “As true as I am alive, I should like, ” etc., ita vivam (or ita mihi omnia, quæ opto, contingant) ut velim, etc. || In answers of partial assent followed by an objection.
True . . . but ; vid. GOOD.
TRUFFLE, tuber (Plinius) ; * Lycoperdon tuber (Linnæus). A truffle-hunter, * tuberum investigator : a truffle dog, * canis tuberibus investigandis aptus doctusque.
TRULY, vere : ad veritatem : sincere.
To speak truly, vere loqui : in veritate dicere : sincere pronunciare.
TRUMP, s., * pagina coloris primi or præcipui.
TRUMP, v., * pagina coloris præcipui vincere.
TRUMP UP, conhngere.
To trump up a charge or accusation, crimen or aliquid criminis, or in aliquem confingere. Vid. FABRICATE ; INVENT.
TRUMPERY, nugæ : gerræ : tricæ, plural, (trifles) : scruta, -orum (old clothes, etc. ; frippery).
TRUMPET, s., tuba (a long straight bronze tube, increasing in diameter, and terminating in a bell-shaped aperture) : lituus (slightly curved at the extremity : the lituus was used by the cavalry, the tuba by the infantry Acro ad Hor., Carm., 1, 1, 23) : buccina (a horn-trumpet, resembling the shell, buccinum ; spiral and gibbous originally made of a shell, then of horn, and perhaps of wood and metal. Its chief use was in proclaiming the watches of the day : it was also blown at funerals and before sitting down to table) : cornu (horn ; invented by the Etruscans : first of horn, afterward of brass : curved in the shape of a “C”, with a cross-piece to steady it ; non tuba directi, non æris cornua flexi, Ovidius, s.,
Dict. of Antiquities).
To blow the trumpet, tuba canere : at the sound of the trumpet, tuba accinente ; the sound of a trumpet, tubæ or buccinæ sonus : the trumpet sounds, buccinatur (of course, only if it is a buccina) : though they did not hear the trumpet, non exaudito tubæ sono (Cf., classicum was properly a “signal, ” though also used for the instrument, mostly a cornu, with which it was sounded ; Dictionary of Antiquities).
To sound one’s own trumpet (proverbially), de se ipsum prædicare (Cicero) ; se ipsum laudare.
TRUMPET, v., || Properly, To blow a trumpet, tuba or buccina canere : cornu or buccinam inflare. || Figuratively, To spread abroad, publish, buccinatorem esse alicujus rei (Cicero, Fil. in Cic. Ep., 16, 21, 4, Cortt. ) : canere : cantare (to publish, render famous ; vid. Vergilius, Æn., 4, 190 ; Valerius Flacc., 2, 117) : vulgare : divulgare(general term to spread among the people) : prædicare (to boast before all) : venditare : jactare (to brag, speak boastfully).
TRUMPETER, tubicen : perhaps buccinator.
To be the trumpeter of anybody’s praise, buccinatorem alicujus existimationis esse (Cicero) : to be one’s own trumpeter, de se ipsum prædicare (Cicero) ; se ipsum laudare.
TRUNCHEON, * scipio, insigne imperii.
TRUNDLE, volvere (transitively), volvi (iniransitively).
TRUNK, || The body of a tree, stirps (the stock, as the animating and supporting principal part of a tree; opposed to the branches and leaves, as growing from it and dependent upon it ; it sometimes includes the whole stem with the roots) : truncus (the naked, dry part of the tree; opposed to the branches and leaves, and even to the top itself, as its ornament ; in short, so far as it answers to the trunkof the human body, as distinguished from stirps ; truncus means the lower part of the stem ; stirps, the higher). Cf., In good prose stipes (in poetry synonymous with truncus or stirps) is only “pole ;” caudex, a “block” or ” log ;” i. e., piece of wood, cut up or not, too short to be recognized as a stem or trunk (Döderlein). || Of the human body, truncus (corporis). || Proboscis, rostrum : of an elephant, proboscis, -idis (Plinius) ; manus (Cicero). || Chest, area : cista : capsa : armarium, scrinium. pyxis. Little trunk, arcula : capsula : cistula : cistellula. SYN. in BOX.
TRUNK-MAKER, qui areas, capsas, etc., conficit. (Cf., not capsarius in this sense).
TRUSS, s., || A bandage used for hernia, * fascia hernialis : fascia, cui imo loco pila assuta est ex panniculis facta (Celsus, 7, 20, in. ) :
To put on or apply a truss, fasciam ad repellendum intestinum ipsi illi subjicere (Celsus, loco citato), || A bundle (of hay, straw, etc. ), fascis : fasciculus.
TRUSS, v., colligare : ligare (to bind together) : colligere (to collect ; draw up).
To truss up, s., PACK.
TRUST, s., || Confidence, fiducia (the proper word, laudable trust in things we actually can rely on, which is allied to the courage of trusting in ourselves) : confidentia (a blameable, presumtuous trust, particularly in one’s own strength ; opposed to foresight and discretion) : audacia (confidence arising from contempt of danger : it may imply either praise or dispraise) : audentia (laudable confidence ; spirit of enterprise) : fidentia (“Fidentia est per quam magnis et honestis in rebus multum ipse animus in se fiduciæ certa cum spe collocavit, ” Cicero) : rides (faith in a man’s honor) : spes firma : spes certa (confident expectation) : firma animi confisio : animus certus et confirmatus. [Phrases, in CONFIDENCE. ] || Credit, fides. [Vid. CREDIT. ] || Deposit, vid.
TRUST, v., || To intrust, alicui aliquid credere : concredere (comedy, rare in Cicero) : commendare et concredere : committere : permittere (the latter, to leave anything to anybody for the purpose of getting rid of it one’s self ; the former, to make anybody morally responsible for anything) : mandare, demandare (to charge anybody with the management of anything) : deponere aliquid apud aliquem (as a deposit, to be kept) : alicujus fidei aliquid committere or permittere : tradere in alicujus fidem (to commit to anybody’s good faith) : aliquid alicui delegare (of what one ought otherwise to do himself).
To trust anybody with one’s secrets, occulta sua alicui credere ; with one’s most secret thoughts, arcanos sensus credere alicui (Vergilius) ; with one’s plans, consilia sua alicui credere ; with one’s life, vitam suam alicui credere or committere ; anybody with all I have, summam fidem rerum omnium alicui habere : with one’s reputation, existimationem suam committere alicui : famam ac fortunas suas credere alicui (Cicero) : anybody with an office, a command, munus, imperium alicui dare or mandare : also, imperio aliquem præficere ; summam imperii alicui tradere, or ad aliquem deferre (Nepos) : with the defence of a city, * urbem alicui tuendam dare : anybody with a letter, epistolam, literas alicui committere. || To confide, fidere or confidere alicui or alicui rei : credere alicui : fidem habere, or tribuere, or adjungere (all four without distinction, Cicero, De Div., 2, 55, 113 ; 2, 59, 122) : fretum esse aliquo or aliqua re (rely on) : fiduciam habere alicujus rei.
To trust one’s self, fiduciam in se collocare : to trust too much, nimis confidere : to trust anybody’s virtue, credere alicujus virtuti (Sallustius) : not to trust anybody’s eyes, ears, oculis, auribus non credere : not to trust anybody, alicui diffidere : alicui fidem non habere. A man to be trusted, homo certus or fidus. Vid. CONFIDE.
TRUSTEE, fiduciarius : Cf., not fideicommissarius, which = the person who is to receive the benefit of a fideicommissum : fiduciarius denotes the person laid under an obligation of delivering it.
TRUSTWORTHY,
TRUSTY, fidus : fidelis (faithful) : certus : constans. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) certus et constans : firmus et constans (firm, constant).
TRUTH, veritas (truth in the abstract ; as a quality) : verum (truth in the concrete ; that which is true : Cf., hence we must render the phrase ” to speak or say the truth, ” not veritatem dicere, loqui, but verum or vera dicere ; dicere quod res est) :
The exact truth, strict truth, summa veritas ; severitas : a universally acknowledged truth, perspicua omnibus veritas : historic truth, historiæ fides ; also, historica fides (Ovidius, Am., 3, 12, 42) : the truths of the Christian religion, vera, quæ doctrina Christiana tradft, præcepta : half truths, quæ non satis explorate percepta et cognita sunt : according to truth, ex re : it is an established truth, pro vero constat : to be a lover of truth, veritatis amicum, diligentem, or cultorem esse : to be blind to the truth, a vero aversum esse : to perceive the truth, quæ vera sint, cernere : to say the truth (in concessions), verum, si loqui volumus ; verum, si scire vis : to tell anybody the truth, alicui vera dicere.
TRY, || To attempt, rem or rem facere tentare : experiri : conari : periclitari (aliquem or aliquid ; e. g., periclitari Romanos, Nepos) : periculum facere alicujus or alicujus rei : moliri (to endeavor to effect a great and difficult work) : audere (to attempt a great and dangerous work). Cf., Probare, in this sense, is without classical authority.
To try my strength, tentare aliquid possim : let us try our strength, experiamur, quid uterque possit : I tried what I could do, tentavi quid possem : to try if, etc., experiri si, etc. || To put to the test, tentare : examinare : explorare [SYN. in EXAMINE].
To try (gold, etc. ), aliquid ad obrussam exigere : to try by fire, igni spectare aliquid and (figuratively) aliquem (Cicero) : to try anybody’s fidelity, alicujus fidem inspicere (Ovidius) : to try, or try on, a garment, vestem probare or experiri : to try a horse, equum tentare : to try a medicine, medicamentum usu explorare (Celsus). || To put upon trial, interrogare : quærere [vid. TRIAL].
To try a cause, causam cognosces (of the judge) ; judicem esse de aliqua re : judicem sedere in aliquem (of a juror, etc). || To tempt, s.
TUB, alveus (long, like a trough) : labrum (broad, large, like a vat) : lacus : sinus (round).
TUBE, tubus (diminutive, tubulus, Varro) : fistula : canalis : canaliculus. SYN. in CONDUIT.
TUBERCLE, tuberculum (Celsus). Vid. SWELLING.
TUBEROUS, tuberosus (Varro).
TUBULAR, tubulatus (Plinius).
TUCK, s., (In a garment) * pars sinuata, replicata, infiexa.
TUCK, v., * vestis partem replicare, sinuare, inflectere.
TUCK UP, colligere.
TUESDAY, dies Martis (technical term).
TUFT, crista (on birds ; a helmet, etc. ). A tuft of wool, floccus : a tuft of hair, crines in fasciculum collecti (in a knot) : crines densiores et prolixi (natural) : a tuft of trees, fruticetum ; virgultum.
TUFTED, cristatus (having a plume, etc. ) : densus (close together).
TUG, v., trahere.
To tug at, moliri aliquid. Vid. PULL, STRIVE.
TUG, s., tractus (pull) : nisus : molitio (effort).
TUITION, institutio : disciplina : Cf., not instructio.
To intrust to anybody’s tuition, (puerum) alicui in disciplinam tradere : to be under tuition, * in disciplina esse.
TUMBLE, v., || Intransitively,
cadere : labi : prolabi (forward) : corruere (to fall down ; of men and animals) : ruinam facere or trahere (to fall down in ruins ; of buildings, etc. ). [Vid. FALL. ]|| Transitively, deturpare rugis : rugas cogere.
TUMBLE, s., casus, -ûs : lapsus, -ûs. Vid. FALL.
TUMBLER, || One who shows feats of tumbling, petaurista, -æ, masculine (Varro). || A large drinking glass, poculum : scyphus. Vid. CUP.
TUMBREL, plaustrum (Cicero).
TUMID, tumidus : turgidus : inflatus (all ofpersons and things). A style is tumid, oratio turget atque inflata est. Vid. also, TURGID.
TUMOR, tumor : tuber. Vid. SWELLING.
TUMULT, tumultus (Roman term for any sudden outbreak ; e. g., of slaves, peasants, allies) : motus : motus concursusque (tumult in the state) : seditio (mutiny against the government) : vis repentina(swddera tumult) : turbæ.
Tumult among the citizens, seditio domestica : to excite a tumult, turbas dare or facere (Terentianus) ; tumultum facere (Sallustius), concitare ; seditionem facere, concitare, commovere, concire : to cause a violent tumult in the camp, maximas in castris turbas efficere (Cicero) : to cause fresh tumults, novos tumultus movere († Horatius) : to cause tumults in a state, tumultum injicere civitati (Cicero) ; turbæ ac tumultus concitatorem esse (Cicero) ; tumultum edere or præbere (Livius) : to quell a tumult, tumultum sedare (Livius) ; comprimere (Tacitus) : seditionem sedare, lenire, tranquillam facere, comprimere, exstinguere : a tumult breaks out, seditio oritur, concitatur, exardescit ; breaks out again, seditio recrudescit decreases, seditio languescit ; is appeased, seditio conticescit. || Any violent motion, motus : jactatio : jactatus [SYN. in AGITATION] : tumultus (of the sea, the body ; also of the mind, mentis †) : vehementior animi concitatio : animi permotio (of the mind). Vid. also, AGITATION.
TUMULTUOUS, tumultuosus : concitatus : commotus.
TUN, s., || A large cask, dolium (very large) : seria (of a long shape). || A liquid measure, * centum urnæ.
TUN, v., * in dolium, seriam, infundere.
TUNE, s., || Harmony, sonorum concentus : nervorum or vocum concordia. In tune, consonus : out of tune, absonus (not of the right tone, that sounds badly) ; dissŏnus (that does not agree in tone, not in harmony ; opposed to consŏnans) : to be out of tune, absonum esse (to sound ill ; Cf., in later writers, absonare) ; dissonare ; discrepare (not to harmonize). || An air, modi : moduli : cantus, -ûs : canticum.
TUNE, v., fides ita contendere nervis (or, with by circumlocution, numeris), ut concentum servare possint (vid. Cicero, Fin. 4, 27, 75) : to tune a number of instruments, * accommodare instrumentum musicum ad aliud ; * efficere ut aliquid cum aliqua re concinat ; * efficere ut res concentum servant.
TUNEFUL, canorus : musicus.
TUNIC, tunica. A tunic with sleeves, tunica manicata : a long tunic, tunica talaris : an under tunic, tunica intima (Gellius, 10, 15) : wearing a tunic, tunicatus.
TUNICLE, tunica (Celsus, Plinius) : tunicula (Plinius).
TUNNEL, canalis : tubus : canaliculus. SYN. in CONDUIT.
TUNNY, thynnus or thunnus : * scomber thynnus (Linnæus).
TURBAN, * tiara (Turcica).
TURBID, turbidus (the proper word) : cœnosus : limosus (muddy).
TURBOT, rhombus (Plinius) : * pleuronectus maximus (Linnæus).
TURBULENCE, || Restless disposition, ingenium turbulentum or inquietum ; ingenium turbidum (Tacitus). || Tumult, vid.
TURBULENT, turbulentus (restless, unquiet) : seditiosus (engaged in a disturbance) : rerum evertendarum or rerum novarum cupidus : rerum mutationis cupidus (disposed to overthrow the existing constitution) : rebellans (that rises against its conquerors ; of a vanquished people). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) seditiosus ac turbulentus (e. g., civis) : inquietus (restless) : turbidus (disturbed ; e. g., civitas, Tacitus).
To be turbulent, novas res quærere ; novis rebus studere.
TURBULENTLY, turbulente : turbulenter : seditiose : turbide.
TURF, s., cespes (a spot covered with turf, a grass-plot ; also a tuft of grass, with the earth in which it grows) : herba (young, tender grass, on which one may lie). Fresh turf, cespes vivus : to cut turf, cespitem circumcidere (Cæsar, B. G., 5, 42) : to lie on the turf, se abjicere in herba (not in herbam) : a seat of turf, sedile cespite obductum ; sedne e or de cespite vivo factum ; sedi̅le gramineum.
TURF, v., cespitem ponere rei : congerere rem cespite : * cespite obducere (to cover with turf).
TURGID, tumidus : turgidus. A turgid style, oratio, quæ turget et inflata est (Cicero) ; genus dicendi, quod immodico tumore turgescit (Quintilianus) ; turgida oratio (Petronius) ; oratio tumida, tumidior (Quintilianus).
TURGIDITY, tumor, or by the adjectives.
Turgidity of style, verborum pompa, verborum tumor, inflata oratio, ampullæ : to be chargeable with turgidity, adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam ; ampullari.
TURMOIL, turba or turbæ plural : perturbatio : tumultus, -ûs.
Turmoil of the mind or passions, perturbatio ; vehementior animi commotio or concitatio ; turbidus animi commotus (Cicero) ; mentis tumultus (Horatius) : to allay the turmoil of the mind, motus animi tranquillare or sedare (Cicero). Vid. also, COMMOTION. κυρικιμασαηικο
TURN, s., || Circular motion, conversio : circumactus (corporis) : usually by the verbs. || Winding, bend, flexus, -ûs : occursus ac recursus : ambages, plural (winding, circuitous route ; also in ablative singular, ambage) : anfractus (a break in the continuity of anything’s direction ; e. g., of a horn, the course of the sun, etc., but especially of a road ; hence, from context, anfractusfor a “turn in the road”). A river that has many turns, amnis sinuosus flexibus (after Mæander s. f., Plinius). || A walk to and fro, ambulatio : spatium : to take a turn, ambulationem conficere (in aliquo loco) : to go to take a turn, ire, or abire ambulatum, or deambulatum : after two or three turns, duobus spatiis tribusve factis : a little turn, ambulatiuncula. || Change leading to a result, commutatio : by eventus, exitus (event) ; or by circumlocution ; e. g., fortune takes a sudden turn, fortuna subito convertitur (Nepos, Att., 10, 2) ; celeriter fortuna mutatur (Cæsar, B. C., 1, 59) : all things take an unfavorable turn, omnia in pejorem partem vertuntur ac mutantur (Cicero, Rosc., Am., 36, 103) : things take a good, bad turn, omnia nobis secunda, adversa incidunt (Cicero) : the war takes an unfavorable turn, res inclinatur (Livius) : to take a different turn, aliter cadere, cedere, mutare (Cicero) : all things have taken a different turn, omnia versa sunt (Cicero, Rosc., Am., 22, 61) : the affair takes an unexpected turn, res præter omnem opinionem cadit, cedit (after Cicero) : to take a good or favorable turn, in lætiorem or meliorem statum mutari : to give a turn to anything, rem vertere, convertere (Cicero) ; rem totam inclinare (Livius) : to give a different turn, rem aliter, alio modo, vertere ; rem alio vertere, convertere (after Cicero) : to give a more elegant turn to, elegantius facere aliquid (Cicero). || Disposition (of mind), vid. || Mode of expression, conformatio.
To give a good turn to a sentence, sententiam apte conformare ; aliquid elegantius dicere : various turns of expression, variæ figuræ et verba. || Order, course, usually by circumlocution with some of the cases of vicis, which does not occur in the nominative ; e. g., in turn, in vicem : it is your turn now, nunc tuæ sunt partes (vid. Phædrus, 4, 3, 25 : Cf., ordo te tangit or ad te venit is not Latin) : by turns, alternately, alterna, nominative plural ; invicem ; per vices (Cf., not alternis = one after the other, nor vicissim = in return ; vicibus means “by turns, ” “alternately, ” but it is found only in poetry and later prose writers). || Office (good or bad). A good turn, officium (a kindness) : beneficium (a benefit) : to do anybody a good turn, alicui benigne facere : de aliquo bene mereri : to do a bad turn, [vid. INJURE, HURT]. || Inclination of the scale, libramentum (the proper word) : mantissa (preponderance). || Figuratively, That which occasions a change in a thing or in its termination, momentum ( the proper word, ῥοπή) : discrimen (critical or decisive point).
To give the turn of the scale, momentum habere ; discrimen facere : to give the turn of the scale to a thing, momentum facere alicui rei or (in a thing) in re ; momentum afferre ad rem ; rem inclinare (to bring near to decision) : rem decernere (to decide) : trifles : frequently give a turn of the scale to important matters, ex parvis sæpe magnarum rerum inclinationes pendent.
TURN, v., || To give a certain direction, vertere : convertere.
To turn one’s self or itself, se convertere ; converti : to turn the eyes to any place, oculos aliquo convertere : to turn upside down, topsy-turvy, ima summis miscere or mutare ; summa imis confundere ; omnia turbare et miscere ; omnia in contrarium vertere ; cœlum ac terras miscere : to turn inside out, invertere : to turn the thoughts to, animum advertere ad rem [Vid. ATTEND] : to turn the thoughts from a subject, animum or cogitationes ab aliqua re : to turn the back, verti
: converti (to turn round) : se vertere or convertere (in flight) : abire, decedere, discedere (to go away). || To apply, vid. : to turn to one’s own use or advantage, uti aliqua re (to use) ; in rem suam convertere aliquid (to apply to one’s benefit) ; fructum capere ex re. || To move round, change (position), (transitively) torquere : contorquere : circumagere (e. g., molas trusatiles).
To turn anything round, in orbem torquere or circumagere ; rotare (to turn like a wheel) : (intransitively) se torquere or convertere : se versare (voluntarily) : circumagi : volvi : ferri (involuntarily).
To turn in a circle, in orbem circumagi ; se gyrare ; rotari (rather poetical). Figuratively. The whole dispute turns on this question, circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis vertitur : to turn up the nose at anybody, ludum alicui suggerere (cf. Cicero, Att., 12, 44). || To give another direction to, (transitively) vertere : convertere : torquere (figuratively, to turn aside, to wrest ; e. g., jus) : (intransitively) to turn one’s self, se vertere ; vertere ; se convertere ; converti : to turn with every wind, ipsa pluma aut folio facilius moveri ; mobili esse animo [Vid. also, CHANGE] : his brain is turned, mente captus est ; de or ex mente exiit ; mente alienatus est : is not your brain turned ? satin’ sanus es? to turn from one parly to another (i. e., to change sides), deficere, desciscere alicui ab aliquo. || To change = corivert [vid. CONVERT].
To turn into money, vendere. || To fashion, form, conformare : effingere. || To incline (a scale), (transitively) inclinare : (intransitively) inclinari or inclinare in (ad) alteram partem.
The scale turns, altera lanx propendet or deprimitur (cf., Cicero, Tusc., 5, 17, 51 ; Acad., 2, 12, 38). Figuratively, The scale of fortune turns, fortuna vertit, convertitur, or se inclinat. || To translate, vid. || To form on a lathe, tornare (also figuratively, to make with niceness, etc. ; e. g., versus, Horatius) : detornare (to turn off, velares annulos, Plinius, 13, 9, 18 : figuratively, sententiam, Gellius) : torno facere : ex torno perficere : ad tornum fabricare (properly, to make in a lathe) : perficere aliquid in torno (Vitruvius).
To turn cups of terebinthus, calices torno facere ex terebintho (Plinius). || Intransitively. To change its color, varium fieri (e. g., the grapes are beginning to turn, uva varia fieri cœpit) : flavescere (to turn sear or yellow ; of leaves, etc ; e. g., folium fagi, Plinius). || To apply for aid, vid. : whither shall I turn ? quo me vertam ? he knew not whither to turn, quo se verteret lion habebat. TURN ABOUT, versare. Vid. also, TURN ROUND. TURN ASIDE, || Transitively, deflectere : detorquere (by force). || Intransitively, deflectere : declinare de re (e. g., de via) : devertere. TURN AWAY,
TURN FROM, || Transitively. To avert, avertere : amovere.
To turn away the eyes from anyone, oculos dejicere ab aliquo : to another, oculos ab aliquo in alium avertere. Figuratively, To turn away one’s mind or thoughts, animum or cogitationes avertere ab aliqua re and ab aliquo. || To dismiss, vid. || Intransitively, amovere se : deflectere. TURN BACK, Vid. RETURN. TURN DOWN, invertere. TURN IN, || Transitively. To double back, inflectere : replicare (to fold back). || Intransitively, To be doubled back, inflecti. || To enter (a house), domum alicujus intrare : apud aliquem devertere. TURN INTO, Vid. CONVERT, TRANSFORM. TURN OFF, || Transitively, To dismiss, vid. || To give a different direction to ; e. g., to turn off water, derivare (to draw from or to a place) : deducere (to lead or move away to a place, or downward) : avertere (to give another direction to).
To turn off a river, flumen derivare, avertere ; through a new channel, flumen novo alveo avertere. || Intransitively. To take a different turn, seflectere ; e. g., hinc silva, via, se flectit sinistrorsum (turns off to the left). || To corrupt, putrefy, vitiari (of fruit, meat, etc. ) : putrescere (to go to decay).
That has turned off, putridus ; rancidus (rancid ; e. g., meat). TURN OUT, || Transitively. To drive away, ejicere.
To turn one out of one’s house, aliquem domo ejicere (except in this construction, ejicere mostly takes ex or de). || To seek (a word in a dictionary), * vocabulum in lexico quærere. || Intransitively. To issue, have a certain end or result, evenire : exitum habere (to have an issue) : cadere (to fall out).
To turn out well, bene, belle evenire : prospere procedere, or succedere (to succeed) : alicui res fauste, feliciter, prospereque eveniunt (prosperously ; Cicero, Muren., 1) : to turn out badly, male, secus cadere : to turn out agreeably to one’s wish, ex sententia succedere (opposed to aliter cecidit res ac putabam ; præter opinionem cadere) : I feared how it would turn out, verebar, quorsum id casurum esset, or quorsum evaderet : I am afraid how it will turn out with him, vereor quid de illo, or quid illi fiet : how has it turned out with you? quis eventus te accepit ?turn out as it may, utcumque res ceciderit or cessura est : to see beforehand how a thing will turn out, de exitu rei divinare. TURN OVER, || To upset, vid. || To revolve, revolvere.
To turn over the pages of a book, librum evolvere (Cf., librum consulere is = “to consult a book;” libros adire only of the Sibylline books) : to turn over a new leaf (proverbial), ad bonam frugem se recipere (Cicero). TURN ROUND, || Transitively, versare (to turn, sometimes to one side, sts to the other ; also, to turn round in a circle) : circumagere (to turn round to another side, or to move round in a circle) : invertere (to turn about, to invert) : convertere (to turn round and round, and, with the terminus ad quem, to direct to a place by turning round ; hence followed by ad or in with an accusative ) : circumvertere (to turn round about) : intorquere (to move to one side by turning ; e. g., oculos ad aliquid) : contorquere (to move quite round by turning) : retorquere (to turn back ; e. g., oculos ad aliquid). || Intransitively, se convertere (of persons and things) : versari or se versare : se circumagere : circumagi (the first of persons or things, the latter only of things welt turn round) : circumferri : circumverti (only of things ; e. g., wheels, the heavenly bodies) : se gyrare (to turn one’s self round ; e. g., with the head, Vegetius, 3, 5, 2).
To turn one’s self round in a circle, in orbem circumagi, or se circumagere (Cf., rotari is poetical) : to turn one’s self round to anyone, se convertere ad aliquem ; se circumagere ad aliquem. TURN UP, || Transitively, reflectere : recurvare (crookedly). || Intransitively, reflecti : recurvari. || To happen, vid. TURN UPSIDE DOWN, Vid. TURN.
TURN-COAT, transfuga : desertor (a deserter) : proditor (a traitor) : homo levissumus, modo harum, modo illarum partium (Sallustius).
To be a turn-coat, defecisse or descivisse a partibus (e. g., optimatum).
TURNERY, opus torno factum, or ad tornum fabricating, (turner’s work) : ars tornandi (the art).
TURNING, Vid. TURN, s.
TURNING-POINT, flexus, -ûs (Cicero).
TURNIP, rapum ; rarely rapa, -æ, feminine (Columella, Plinius) : diminutive, rapulum (Horatius) : napus, -i, masculine (a navew, kind of turnip, Columella) : * brassica rapa (Linnæus). A turnip-field, rapina : napina, -æ, feminine (Columella).
TURNKEY, * custos carceribus impositus : janitor carceris (Cicero).
TURNPIKE, * repagulum.
Turnpike-road, via lapidibus strata, munita, manu facta ; also, via aggerata (after Curtius) ; viæ agger (Tacitus, Hist., 2, 24) ; trames aggeratus (after Tacitus, Ann., 1, 63) ; also, simply via (Cicero) : to make a turnpike-road, viam lapide sternere (Ulpianus, in Dig. ), consternere (Plinius) ; viam aggerare (after Tacitus) ; viam publicam sternere (Eichst) : turnpike-gate keeper, exactor redituum ex viarum munitione (after Cicero, Font., 4, 7) : toll at a turnpike, vectigal in via publica proficiscentibus pendendum ; or perhaps portorium (vid. Herzog., ad Cæs., B. G., 4, 1).
TURNSPIT, (* homo, servus, canis) carnem veru transfixam ad ignem versans : * (machina) veru versando (Bauer).
TURNSTILE, * obex versatilis.
TURPENTINE, terebinthina resina (Celsus).
The turpentine-tree, terebinthus, -i, feminine (Plinius) ; * pistacia terebinthus (Linnæus).
TURPITUDE, improbitas : nequitia : ignavia ; or by by circumlocution with turpis, improbus, abjectus.
TURRET, turricula (Vitruvius).
TURTLE, * testudo mydas (Linnæus).
TURTLE-DOVE, turtur (Cicero) ; * columba turtur (Linnæus).
TUSH, phui! apage!
TUSK, * dens prædæ capiendæ, excipiendæ, factus, destinatus ; or, from the context, simply dens.
TUTELAGE, || Minority, ætas pupillaris. || Guardianship, tutela. Phrases in GUARDIANSHIP.
TUTELARY, præses. A tutelary deity (of a place), deus præses loci ; deus qui loco præsidet ; deus, cujus tutelæ, or in cujus tutela locus est (Cf., not deus tutelaris or numen tutelare) : the tutelary deities of a kingdom, dii præsides imperii.
TUTOR, s., educator (in a physical or moral respect ; originally of parents ; afterward also of instructors) : nutricius (one who takes care of the physical training, Cæsar, B. C., 3, 108 and
112) : magister : formator morum et magister (a teacher and moral trainer or tutor ; vid. Plinius, Ep., 8, 23, 2) : pædagogus (one who has the charge of a child ; in Rome, a slave) : custos rectorque (as tutor and governor ; vid. Plinius, Ep., 3, 3, 4, adolescenti nostro. . . in hoc lubrico ætatis non præceptor modo, sed custos etiam rectorque quærendus est) : educator præceptorque (instructor and teacher ; Tacitus, Ann., 15, 62, quite at the end).
To be tutor to the young princes, educationi liberorum principis præesse : the place of tutor to the princes, * præfectura et institutio filiorum regiorum, or filiorum principalium : to be a tutor of youth, formare vitam juventutis ac mores (after Plinius, Pan., 47, 1) : a private tutor, præceptor domesticus : to keep a private tutor, præceptorem or magistrum domi habere : to have a private tutor, * domestico præceptore uti ; domesticas disciplinas habere : to become a private tutor, * munus præceptoris domestici suscipere : puerum suscipere regendum (after Cicero, Att., 10, 6, 2) : to look out for a private tutor, * præceptorem domesticum quærere (after Plinius, Ep., 3, 3, 4).
TUTOR, v., docere : instituere. Vid. TEACH.
TUTORSHIP, * prasfectura et institutio (juvenum or filiorum alicujus).
TWANG, s., clangor : sonitus, -ûs.
TWANG, v., clangorem or sonitum dare : sonare.
TWEEZERS, volsella, -æ, feminine (Plautus , Martialis) (Cf., forceps = pincers. )
TWELFTH, duodecimus. Every twelfth, duodecimus quisque : far the twelfth time, duodecimum : a twelfth, pars duodecimo : uncia.
TWELFTHLY, duodecimo.
TWELVE, duodecim : duodeni (disiributive, and with substantives that are used only in the plural ; e. g., duodenæ literse = duodecim epistolæ ; or duodecim literæ = twelve letters of the alphabet).
Twelve times, duodecies : twelve times as much, duodecim partibus plus : twelve hundred, mille et ducenti ; milleni et duceni (distributive, or with substantives found only in the plural) : twelve hundred times, millies et ducenties : the twelve hundredth, millesimus ducentesimus : of twelve years (in duration), duodecim annorum : twelve years old, duodecim annos natus : twelve thousand, duodecim millia ; duodena millia (distributively, etc. ) : twelve pounds in weight, duodecim pondo ; duodecim libras pondo (valens) : a twelve pounder (cannon), * tormentum bellicum globos singulos duodecim librarum mittens.
TWELVEMONTH, Vid. YEAR.
TWENTIETH, vicesimus. Every twentieth, vicesimus quisque : for the twentieth time, vicesimum.
TWENTIETHLY, vicesimo.
TWENTY, viginti : viceni (distributive, and with substantives that are found only in the plural ; vid. TWELVE). A space of twenty years, viginti anni ; vicennium (* Modestinus, Digests, 50, 8, 8) : a man twenty years old, homo viginti annorum ; homo viginti annos natus : twenty-fold, twenty times as much, vicies tantum : the field bears twenty-fold, ager effert or efficit cum vicesimo : twenty times, vicies : twenty thousand, viginti millia : twenty thousand times, vicies millies : the twenty thousandth, vicies millesimus.
TWICE, bis :
Twice as much, duplum ; alterum tantum (as much again) : twice as big, altero tanto major (so longior, etc. ) ; duplo major : twice as much, duabus partibus plus : once or twice, semel atque iterum : twice a day, bis in die (Catullus, 64).
TWIG, surculus(a live shoot, fit for grafting) : stolo : sarmentum. Dead, try twigs, ramalia : Cf., frons = a green bough ; ramus = a branch.
TWILIGHT, lux incerta or dubia (poetical) : lumen incertum or obscurum. In the cold zones there prevails only a kind of twilight, from the frozen snow, in zonis frigidis maligna est ac pruina tantum albicans lux (Plinius, 2, 68, 68) : it was already seven o’clock, and there was still only a feeble twilight, jam hora diei prima, et adhuc dubius et quasi languidus dies (Plinius, Ep., 6, 20, 6). Morning twilight, diluculum : evening twilight, crepusculum (the proper word) : tenebræ (shades of evening).
TWIN, geminus (Cf., vopiscus = a twin born after the premature birth or the death of the other ; vid. Plinius, 7, 10, 8).
Twins, gemini ; fratres gemini (general term) ; gemini pueri (if both are boys) : to have twins, geminos parere or eniti ; uno partu duos parere simul ; geminam stirpem edere : to have two twin boys, duos virilis sexus simul eniti : a twin brother, sister, frater geminus, soror gemina. || The twins (a constellation), Gemini ; astrum geminum.
TWINE, v., ||Transitively, circumvolvere : circumplicare. || Intransitively, se circumvolvere (e. g., arboribus) : circumvolvi : circumplecti.
To train vines so that they may twine round the props, vites erigere, ut claviculis suis adminicula complectantur or apprehendant (after Cicero, N. D., 2, 27, 120) : the vine twines itself about everything, vitis claviculis suis quasi manibus, quicquid est nacta, complectitur.
TWINGE, s., dolor (general term for pain) : cruciatus, -ûs : plural, faces dolorum (Cicero, Off., 2, 10, 37) : acres dolorum morsus (Cicero, Tusc., 2, 22, 53) : (in the intestines), tormina : tormenta, plural.
TWINGE, v., dolorem alicui facere, incutere, inurere (general term, to give pain) : torquere.
To be twinged, dolore angi, premi, cruciari ; acer doloris morsus est ; dolor me invadit, in me incursat.
TWINKLE, micare (the proper word, as the stars, etc. ) : scintillare (to sparkle) : coruscare (to glitter, gleam, as arms, etc. ) : Cf., splendere = to shine ; fulgere =to be bright.
TWINKLING, By circumlocution with the verb ; e. g., the twinkling of the stars, stellæ micantes (Cf., splendor, fulgor = sheen, brightness ; Pliny has scintillatio oculorum, 20, 9, 3).
TWIRL, s., gyrus.
TWIRL, v., || Transitively, in gyros agere : in orbem torquere : versare : circum agere. || Intransitively, gyros peragere or edere : in gyros ire (Ovidius) : in orbem torqueri : orbem volvere (Plinius) : se gyrare (Vegetius).
TWIST, v., || Transitively, torquere (the proper word ; properly and figuratively) : flectere (to plait, braid, intertwine) : obtorquere (to twist round, wrench).
To twist together, connectere : inter se implectere : conjungere inter se atque implicare : to twist off, detorquere : to twist one’s neck, collum alicui torquere, obtorquere. || Intransitively, se torquere or flectere : flecti.
TWIT, objicere or exprobrare alicui aliquid : objurgare aliquem de aliqua re : alicui aliquid crimini dare. He twits me with having been, etc., objicit mibi me fuisse, etc. (Cicero).
TWICH, v., vellicare (properly and figuratively).
TWITCH, s., vellicatio (Seneca) ; or by the verb.
TWO, duo, bini (distributive, or with substantive found only in the plural ; vid. TWELVE).
Two days, biduum : two years, biennium : of two years, bimus : bimulus : duos annos natus (two years old) : Cf., biennalis is unclassical ; biennis is doubtful ; for, instead of bienni, ap. Suetonius, Galb., 15, the last modern editions read biennii. Of two months, bimensis ; bimestris : two pounds weight, duo pondo : duas libras pondo (valens) : of two pounds weight, bilibris : two and a half, duo semis, duo et semis : two ases and a half, sestertius : two feet and a half broad, latus pedes duos semis : he does not know how many twice two make, non didicit bis bina quot sint : in two, ruptus (broken) : fractus (broken with violence) : scissus (cleft, rent) ; or by verbs, especially with dis ; as, to break in two, frangere, diffringere ; to strike in two, discutere ; to cut in two, dissecare ; to be in two, ruptum or fractum esse : dehiscere, hiare (to have a chink).
To do two things at once ; kill two birds with one stone (proverbial), de eadem fidelia duos parietes dealbare (Curtius, Cic., Ep. ).
TWO-FOOTED, bipes.
TWO-FOLD, duplex (double, not single ; of two separate things) : duplus (twice as large or much) : geminus (double) : binus : bipartitus : anceps (double ; of a whole ; vid. Bremi ad Nepos, Them., 3 ; Herzog, ad Cæs., B. G., 1, 26).
TYPE, || Model, exemplum : forma. || Acted prophecy, imago rerum futurarum (Lactantius) : alicujus rei significatio (e. g., lignum sanguine delibutum crucis significatio est ; Lactantius, De Ver. Sap., 30) : figura (e. g. passionis ; id., ib. ). || Coll., Metal printing letters, literarum formæ (cf. Cicero, N. D., 2, 37, 93) : * typi (technical term). || Coll., Printed letters, literæ, plural ; characteres, plural. In large type, maximis literis.
TYPICAL, * typicus (technical term in theology ; Sedulius, 3, 208) ; or by the verb.
TYPICALLY, * per imaginem : * per typum (technical term).
TYPIFY, rei futuræ imaginem fingere (after Cicero) : Cf., not adumbrare = to sketch out, describe.
TYPOGRAPHER, * typographus (technical term) : * libros typis, literarum formulis exscribendi artifex.
TYPOGRAPHICAL, * typographicus (technical term).
TYPOGRAPHY, * ars typographica (technical term) : * ars libros typis exscribendi, formulis describendi.
TYRANNICAL, tyrannicus (Cicero : in the Roman sense, regius, superbus) : crudelis : sævus : immanis (cruel). A tyrannical disposition or conduct, crudelitas
: superbia : animus sævus, crudelis. κυρικιμασαηικο
TYRANNICALLY, crudeliter ac regie (in the Roman sense) ; superbe crudeliterque : tyrannice (e. g., statuere in aliquem ; Cicero, Verr., 3, 48, quite at the end) : tyrannica crudelitate (e. g., aliquos vexare ; Justinus, 42, 1, 3).
To act tyrannically, crudeliter ac regie facere : crudelissime se gerere : to rule or govern tyrannically, crudelem superbamque dominationem exercere (after Cicero, Phil., 3, 14, 34).
TYRANNICIDE, tyrannicidium (the killing of a tyrant, Seneca, Plinius, Quintilianus) ; tyranni interfector (Livius) ; tyrannicida (Plinius) ; tyrannoctonus (Cicero ; one who has killed a tyrant).
TYRANNIZE, || To govern as a tyrant, tyrannidem exercere : tyrannum agere : dominari (regnare, in the Roman sense). || To act cruelly and imperiously, crudeliter facere.
To tyrannize over anybody, superbe crudeliterque aliquem tractare : tyrannice statuere in aliquem : crudelem, sævum esse in aliquem (after Cicero) ; tyrannicum imperium exercere in aliquem (Ruhnken) ; tyrannico imperio premere aliquem (Muret. ).
TYRANNY, || Tyrannical government, tyrannis (Cicero) ; imperium sævum (Sallustius ; in the Roman sense), dominatus, -ûs : dominatio (Sallustius) ; dominatio impotens (Livius). Severe, cruel tyranny , dominatus superbus, crudelis : immoderati imperii crudelitas.
To deliver the state from tyranny (of the Roman kings), civitatem ex regia servitute eximere (Livius). || Cruelty, crudelitas : immanitas : sævitia.
TYRANT, || In the ancient sense, an absolute ruler, especially one who had made himself master of a state hitherto free, not necessarily including the idea of cruelty or injustice, tyrannus (vid. Bremi ad Nepos, Milt., 8, 3). || An absolute ruler (in the Roman sense), dominus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) dominus et tyrannus : a cruel tyrant, tyrannus gravis, crudelis (Cicero), sævus, violentus (Livius). || In a wider sense, a cruel, domineering person, homo superbus, crudelis, sævus.
To play the tyrant, in suos sævire : suos crudeliter, superbe tractare.
TYRO, Vid. TIRO.
UBIQUITY, omnipræsentia (ecclesiastical), or by circumlocution with * omnia præsentem numine suo implere ; * omnibus locis præsentem esse.
UDDER, uber : sumen (of a sow). A distended udder (Prior), uber lacte distentum.
UGLINESS, deformitas : turpitudo : obscœnitas : fœditas. SYN. in URLY.
UGLILY, deformiter (e. g., sonare) : turpiter : tetre (teterrime) : obscœne : fœde. SYN. in UGLY.
UGLY, deformis (offending one’s taste, etc. ; opposed to formosus = δυσειδής) : teter (hideous, shocking ; making one shudder from feeling one’s security disturbed ; it is applied to what produces this impression on the senses [teter naribus, auribus, oculis, Lucretius] or the mind [locus, tenebræ, etc. ] ; also, vultus = βλοσυρός) : turpis (offending the moral sense ; exciting disapprobation, contempt ; opposed to honestus = αὶσχρός) : fœdus (offending natural feelings ; exciting loathing, etc., μιαρός ; e. g., fœda specie, Lucretius) : obscœnus (dirty, foul ; offending decency and good manners). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) teter turpisque : teter et immanis (e. g., belua, Cicero). Dreadfully ugly, insignis ad deformitatem : a face dreadfully ugly by nature, vultus natura horridus ac teter (Suetonius). Anything is an ugly trick or habit, aliquid deforme est (e. g., de se ipsum prædicare).
To make anything ugly, aliquid deformare (opposed to exornare) ; aliquid turpare or deturpare (post-Augustan, in prose).
ULCER, ulcus, -ĕris, neuter (general term for any festering sore) : suppuratio (as discharging pus) : fistula (an ulcer which grows out in the shape of a pipe, a fistula ; vid. Nepos, Att., 21, 3) : apostema, -atis, neuter (ἀπόστημα), or, pure Latin, abscessus, -ûs (an abscess) : vomica (in the lungs or other intestines, which often breaks out and discharges pus ; from vomere) : carbunculus (a pestilential ulcer, red, with black or pale yellow pustules ; vid. Celsus, 5, 28, No. 1) : canceroma, -ătis, neuter ; carcinoma, -ătis, neuter ; pure Latin, cancer (a cancer, considered by the ancients as incurable by any means ; a curable kind of it was called cacoethes ; vid. Celsus, 5, 28, No. 10) : epinyctis, syce (ulcer in the corner of the eye, which is always dropping) : ægilopium, ægilops (a quasi fistula in the corner of the eye) : * crithe (κριθή, sty ; vid. Celsus, 7, 7, No. 2, tuberculum parvum, quod a similitudine hordei a Græcis κριθή nominatur) : Full of ulcers, ulcerosus : an ulcer is forming under my tongue, sub lingua aliquid abscedit.
ULCERATE, || Transitively, ulcerare (Cicero) : exulcerare (Varro, Celsus). || Intransitively, suppurare (to have pus forming beneath ; as transitive, post-Augustan) : exulcerari.
ULCERATED, exulceratus : ulcerosus : suppuratus (Plinius).
ULCERATION, suppuratio : ulceratio (mostly as an ulcerated place, ulcer) : exulceratio (Celsus).
ULTERIOR, ulterior :
Ulterior views, objects, etc., ulteriora (opposed to præsentia ; e. g., struere, petere).
ULTIMATE, ultimus. Vid. LAST.
ULTIMATELY, [vid. “at LAST”] (Cf., ultime, Appuleius).
ULTRA,
To be an ultra tory, * ultra modum optimatium partes amplecti. So of other opinions.
ULTRAMARINE, color cæruleus or cyaneus.
ULTRAMONTANE, transmontanus (Livius).
To entertain ultramontane opinions, * de Papæ potestate eadem fere sentire atque transmontani solent pontificii.
UMBER, || The fish, * salmo thymallus (Linnæus). || The earth, * umbra : * terra umbra.
UMBILICAL,
The umbilical chord, umbilicaris nervus (Tertullianus, Carn. Christ. ).
UMBRAGE : [Vid. SHADE, OFFENCE, etc. ]
To take umbrage at ; vid. “to be OFFENCE at. ”
UMBRAGEOUS, Vid. SHADY.
UMBRELLA, * umbraculum contra pluvias muniens.
Umbrella-tree, * magnolia tripetala (Linnæus).
UMPIRE, arbiter (one who decides a cause on grounds of equity, whereas a judex is bound to decide by law ; also in all the senses of the English word) : disceptator (one who examines and decides upon the validity of the grounds alleged ; e. g., in disagreements and verbal disputes).
To choose anybody as an umpire, aliquem arbitrum or disceptatorem sumere : to appoint an umpire between two parlies, arbitrum inter partes dare : to act as umpire, esse arbitrum or disceptatorem inter aliquos ; aliquorum controversiam disceptare or dirimere : to be umpire in a cause, arbitrum esse in aliquid ; alicujus rei arbitrium est penes aliquem ; dirimere or disceptare aliquid (to adjust or settle a dispute) : aliquid componere (to settle it in an amicable way).
The decision of an umpire, arbitrium. Vid. ARBITER.
UNABASHED, * pudore non (or nullo) deterritus : * pudore nullo revocatus (ab aliqua re). By circumlocution with aliquem non pudet (alicujus rei). If = shameless, impudens.
To do anything unabashed, sine pudore facere aliquid (Quintilianus) ; * pudore dimisso facere aliquid (pudore dimisso, Cicero).
UNABLE, non potens alicujus rei or ad aliquid faciendum (e. g., unable to hold their arms, non potentes armorum tenendorum ; to restrain the legion, non potentes ad legionem cohibendam) : hebes ad aliquid (unable from dullness ; e. g., unable to understand, hebes ad intelligendum) ; but mostly by circumlocution with non posse, nequire.
UNACCEPTABLE, * quod alicui gratum acceptumque non est ; or injucundus : ingratus : insuavis. Vid. UNPLEASANT.
UNACCOMPANIED, incomitatus : sine comitatu : solus (alone).
UNACCOMPLISHED, infectus. With one’s object unaccomplished, re infecta. [Vid. UNFINISHED. ]
To remain unaccomplished, exitum or eventum non habere : non evenire (especially of prophecies, dreams, etc. ).
UNACCOUNTABLE, || Of which no reasonable account can be given, cuius nulla ratio afferri potest : inexplicabilis : inenodabilis (too knotty to be explained ; Cicero, Fat., 9, 18) ; sometimes minis, etc. [Vid. STRANGE. ]
To be unaccountable on any principles of equity, nullam habere rationem æquitatis (cf. Cicero, Verr., 2, 3, 85). || Not having to render an account, cui ratio non est reddenda. Sometimes liber (free, etc. ).
UNACCOUNTABLY, Vid. STRANGELY.
UNACCUSTOMED, insuetus (of persons, and also of things, that one is not accustomed to) ; to anything, alicujus rei or ad aliquid : insolitus (who is not used to do anything, of persons ; or that anybody is not accustomed to do, of things) ; to anything, alicujus rei or ad aliquid (alicujus rei, Sallustius ; e. g., civitas insolita rerum bellicarum ; it is also used absolutely, the thing to which the person is unaccustumed being understood from thecontext, Cicero, Verr., 2, 1, 37) : insolens (not used to anything), alicujus rei or in aliqua re facienda : inexpertus (that has not tried or experienced anything ; to anything, ad aliquid). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) inexpertus et insuetus ad aliquid.
Unaccustumed to labor, laboris insuetus ; insolitus ad laborem ; to the sea, insuetus navigandi.
UNACKNOWLEDGED, incognitus : quem (quam, quod) aliquis non agnoscit (agnovit,
agnorat).
To remain unacknowledged, a nemine cognosci. He had left a son, who, though unacknowledged at the time of his birth, he had on his death-bed declared to be his own, filium, quem ille natum non agnorat, eundem moriens suum esse dixerat (Nepos).
UNACQUAINTED, alicujus rei ignarus (the ignarus has no acquaintance with, being without notitia ; the inscius has no knowledge of, being without scientia) : alicujus rei imperitus (unskilled in it) : inscius alicujus rei (unknowing in anything ; not having the rules and principles of an art imprinted on one’s memory ; implying blame : Döderlein) : rudis alicujus rei or in aliqua re (not ad aliquid in Cicero ; raw, uninstructed in anything). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) inscius alicujus rei et rudis (Cicero) : nescius (one who has not heard of or experienced something, whether from his own fault or not ; e. g., absens et impendentis mali nescius ; Plinius, Döderlein).
To be quite unacquainted, with anything, in maxima alicujus rei ignoratione versari : Cf., ignotus, in this sense, is classical, but rare ; illi artifices corporis simulacra ignotis nota faciebant (Cicero, Fam., 5, 12, 7) ; ignotos fallit, notis est derisui (Phædrus, 1, 11, 2 ; so Nepos, Ages., 8).
UNADMONISHED, non monitus.
UNADORNED, inornatus (general term, as well with reference to dress as to oratorical embellishment ; mulier, comæ ; orator, verba) : incomptus (not arranged, undressed ; e. g., caput ; then without oratorical embellishment ; e. g., speech) : simplex (natural, plain ; e. g., crinis) : Cf., purus, of speech, stands in Cicero usually for “free from foreign words and idioms ;” vid. Ernesti., Lex. Techn. Lat. Rhet., p. 315.
UNADORNEDLY, inornate (e. g., dicere).
UNADULTERATED, sincerus (without extraneous matter ; pure, genuine, as its nature is) : integer (left in its real natural state ; opposed to vitiatus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sincerus integerque : probus (standing the test ; opposed to malus ; e. g. goods). Vid. GENUINE.
UNADVISABLE, inutilis (useless) : supervacaneus (superfluous).
To be unadvisable, alicui or alicui rei non conducere, also ad aliquid : alicui parum prodesse.
UNADVISED, Vid. IMPRUDENT, INCONSIDERATE.
UNADVISEDLY, Vid. IMPRUDENTLY, INCONSIDERATELY.
UNAFFECTED, simplex (simple, natural) : candidus (clear, pure ; of style, etc., candidus Herodotus ; genus dicendi candidum) : inaffectatus (post-Augustan, Quintilianus, ; e. g., inaffectata jucunditas Xenophontis, Quintilianus) : sine arte formosus (with reference to unaffected beauty) : sine molestia diligens (accurate without visible and painful efforts ; e. g., elegantia ; Cicero, Brut., 38, 143). An unaffected character, simplicitas.
UNAFFECTEDLY, simpliciter : sine arte (e. g. formosus) : sine molestia (without painful effort ; e. g. accurate, diligens).
UNAIDED, non adjutus, etc. : sine auxilio : sine cujusquam ope (e. g., sine tua ope, Cicero) : nullius auxilio adjutus, etc. : solus (alone). Quite unaided, inops auxilii (having no means or resources to help himself ; opposed to opulentus) : auxilio orbatus or destitutus (deprived of the aid one has had or fairly expected).
UNALLOWABLE, quod admitti non potest : quod non licet : inconcessus (post-Augustan and very rare ; Vergilius, Quintilianus) : impermissus († Horatius) : vetitus (forbidden).
UNALTERABLE, Vid. UNCHANGEABLE.
UNALTERABLY, Vid. UNCHANGEABLY.
UNALTERED, Vid. UNCHANGED.
UNAMBIGUOUS, non ambiguus. Vid. PLAIN, UNEQUIVOCAL.
UNAMBITIOUS, || Not ambitious, minime ambitiosus (e. g., homo, Cicero) : * laudis or gloriæ non cupidus (non avidus, non appetens) : qui laudis studio non trahitur : qui cupiditate gloriæ non ducitur (after Quintilianus). Cf., inambitiosus (unpretending, † ; e. g., rura, Ovidius). || Unpretending, inambitiosus (†). Vid. UNPRETENDING, UNAFFECTED.
UNAMIABLE, inamabilis (poetical and post-Augustan prose) : * parum amabilis. Sometimes morosus : difficilis : morosus et difficilis : inhumanus.
UNAMIABLENESS, difficilis (difficillima) natura (Nepos, Att., 5).
UNANIMITY, consensio sententiarum (unanimity in voting) : omnium consensus (the common opinion of all) : concordia : consensus : conspiratio et consensus (agreement ; harmony in the disposition of mind) : unanimitas (unanimity, fraternal concord, fraterna, Livius, 40, 8).
There was a perfect unanimity of opinion, omnium in unum congruerunt sententiæ.
To disturb the unanimity that existed between several persons, concordiam aliquorum turbare or disjungere , also unanimos distinere (Livius, 7, 21). Vid. CONCORD.
UNANIMOUS, unanimus (of one mind ; opposed to discors ; in prose, Livius, 7, 21, 5) : concors (also opposed to discors ; of persons or things). With reference to votes, it is necessary to use by circumlocution.
To be elected consul by the unanimous votes of the people, cunctis populi suffragiis consulem declarari : to be unanimous, concinere : conspirare : consentire, or (stronger) ad unum omnes consentire : with reference to this point, all are unanimous, hoc inter omnes convenit ; in hoc omnes consentiunt ; omnes in ea re unum atque idem sentiunt : not to be unanimous, dissentire : discrepare (de re). [Vid. UNANIMOUSLY. ]
The opinions were unanimous, omnium in unum congruerunt sententiæ.
UNANIMOUSLY, una voce : uno ore (if the agreement is expressed orally) : clamore consentienti (if it is expressed clamorously ; e. g., poscere pugnam) : uno consensu : omnium consensu ; also, consensu only (according to the wish of all) : unâ mente (with reference to the mind or inclination) : uno animo atque unâ voce (with reference both to the inclination and its expression ; e. g., aliquem defendere ; prœlium poscere) : cunctis suffragiis (by all the votes ; e. g., regem aliquem declarare) : omnibus sententiis (e. g., to be acquitted or condemned) : communi sententia (by the joint votes, or unanimous opinion or resolution of all ; e. g., statuere aliquid) : ita, ut ad unum omnes consentirent (e. g., to decree, decernere).
They decree unanimously, ad unum omnes decernunt : to be acquitted unanimously, omnibus sententiis absolvi (so, “to be condemned. ” condemnari).
UNANSWERABLE, quod convelli, infirmari, revinci non potest : contra quod dici nihil potest : firmus : invictus.
To convince anybody by unanswerable arguments, aliquem necessariis argumentis vincere.
This appears to me unanswerable, hæc mihi quidem videntur non posse convelli (Cicero).
UNANSWERABLY,
To prove anything unanswerably, aliquid necessarie demonstrare, or * aliquid ita probare, ut confutari (infirmari, etc. ) nequeat.
UNANSWERED,
To leave unanswered, ad aliquid non respondere (whether orally or by writing) : ad aliquid non rescribere (by writing). An unanswered letter, literæ, ad quas non rescripsimus.
UNAPPALLED, Vid. UNTERRIFIED.
UNAPPEASABLE, Vid. IMPLACABLE.
UNAPPROACHABLE, Vid. INACCESSIBLE.
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UNAPT, || Not given to do anything, ab aliqua re aversus, alienatus, alienus. || Dull, vid. || Unfit, unsuitable, vid.