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SCHOOL-FELLOW, condiscipulus. To be anybody’s school-fellow, una cum aliquo literas discere or præceptorem audire : feminine, condiscipula (Mart., 10, 35, 15). I have been intimate with anybody since the time that we were school-fellows, aliquo a condiscipulatu utor familiariter (or conjunctus sum, or vivo conjunctissime ; cf. Nepos, Att., 5, 3).
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SCHOOL LESSONS, discenda or ediscenda, -orum, neuter (general term) : dictata, -orum, neuter (dictated by the teacher).
SCHOOLMASTER, ludi magister or magister ludi (one who teaches reading and writing) : præceptor publicus (master of a public school) : Cf., scholasticus, late = a rhetorician ; doctor umbraticus is a private tutor. The manners or tone of a schoolmaster, præcipiendi ratio
SCHOOL-ROOM, schola : auditorium (lecture-room, post-Augustan).
SCHOOLING, || Instruction, doctrina : eruditio. || Money paid for instruction at a school, præceptoris, or magistri, merces ; pretium operas quod præceptori, or magistro, solvitur ; simply merces (from the context ; vid. Cicero, Phil., 2, 4, 9 ; Acad., 2, 30, extr. ) ; so also pretium (vid. Suetonius, Gramm., 3). In epistolary style the Greek δίδακτρον may be used ; but Cf., not minerval or minervale, which = a present brought by the scholars to the master on entrance ; as we say, entrance money).
SCHOONER, Vid. SHIP
SCIATICA, coxæ dolor : dolor ischiadicus.
Subject to the sciatica, ischiacus (ἰοχιακός)
SCIENCE, scientia : notitia : cognitio (in the subjective sense, of the knowledge which one has, not of the thing which one knows) : ars (objective) : doctrina : disciplina (objective ; of any particular branch). The sciences, doctrinæ : disciplinæ : disciplinæ studia, plural ; literæ : literarum studia (plural ; Cf., but not scientiæ, which can be used only in a subjective sense). Arts and sciences, ingenua studia atque artes. The liberal sciences, liberales doctrinæ atque ingenuæ ; liberales disciplinæ (Cf., not studia humaniora or literæ humaniores) : to reduce to a science, aliquid arte concludere, aliquid ad artem et præcepta revocare ; Cf., not ad artis regulas revocare : to study a science, doctrina, or disciplina, imbui or erudiri
SCIENTIFIC, quod in artibus versatur ; or by the genitive, artis, artium, or literarum.
Scientific precepts or rules, artis præcepta. A scientific discourse or lecture, sermo de artium studiis atque doctrina habitus.
Scientific training, eruditio : doctrina. To give a scientific form to anything, ad artem redigere, revocare ; arte concludere aliquid
SCIENTIFICALLY, in modum disciplinæ or artis : arte : literis.
Scientifically taught or trained, literis eruditus ; omnibus literis or doctrinis eruditus : to arrange scientifically, arte concludere ; ad artem et præcepta (Cf., not ad artis regulas) revocare
SCIMITAR, acinaces (Horatius, Curtius).
SCINTILLATE, scintillare (Plinius). Vid. SPARKLE
SCINTILLATION, scintillatio (only properly, a sparkling, Plinius) : scintilla (a spark, improperly, of the first manifestations of reason, genius, etc. ) : igniculi or primi quasi (alicujus rei) igniculi et semina (Cicero = scintillæ).
SCIOLIST, semidoctus (Cicero) ; leviter eruditus : eruditulus (Catullus). Cf., sciolus very late (Arnobius). SCION, || Properly, surculus : talea (Varro) ; diminutive, taleola (Columella) : of or belonging to a scion, surcularis (Col) ; surcularius (Varro). || Figuratively, ramus [vid. BRANCH].
Scion of the royal stock of Argos, Argivorum regum de stirpe oriundus
SCIRRHUS, sciros or schirros, i, masculine ; sciroma or schiroma, -atis, neuter (Plinius)
SCISSORS, forfex ; diminutive, forficula
SCOFF, s., ludibrium : ludificatio : irrisio (Cicero) ; derisus (Tacitus) ; derisio (Suetonius ; with a view to annoy or give pain) : cavillatio (with a view to hurt). A bitter scoff, cavillatio acerba (Suetonius), or dicax et morosa (Cicero)
SCOFF, v., caviliari. To scoff at, deridere : irridere : irrisu insectari : cavillari : sugillare : irridere aliquem acerbis facetiis : to scoff at things sacred, * res divinas, libros sacros, in ludibrium vertere ; * rebus divinis, libris sacris, pro ludibrio abuti
SCOFFINGLY, cum aliquo aculeo : acerbis facetiis : acerbe
SCOLD, v., (verbis) increpare : increpitare : objurgare (to reproach with a fault ; opposed to laudare) : conviciari (to make railing accusations) : exagitare, destringere (to make sharp attacks on anybody) : corripere (to blame with harsh words) : exprobrare (alicui aliquid, to reproach anybody with something as dishonorable to him). To scold anybody on account of anything, vituperare aliquem de aliqua re ; objurgare aliquem de or in aliqua re, or aliqua re only. To be scolded, objurgari, vituperari ; in vituperationem incidere, cadere, venire, or adduci ; vituperationem subire
SCOLD, s., (mulier) rixosa, rixæ cupida (jurgiosa, Gellius). SCOLDING, objurgatio : jurgium
SCOLLOP, s., || A kind of shellfish, pecten ; diminutive, pectunculus. || A hollow or round at the edge of anything, perhaps sinus
SCOLLOP, v., perhaps sinuare ; or serratim scindere (of a jagged edge, Appuleius) :
SCONCE, s., || A branched candlestick, lychnuchus : candelabrum. || A fine, mulcta. Vid. FINE
SCONCE, v., mulctare
SCOOP, perhaps haustrum (general term ; cf. Lucretius, 4, 517).
SCOOP OUT, haurire (of liquids) : cavare, excavare (to scoop out a hollow place in the earth, etc. ).
SCOPE, || End, aim, propositum : is, qui mihi est or fuit propositus, exitus : finis (the highest end, whether attained or not) : Cf., not scopus in this sense ; Cicero uses the Greek σκοπός in his epistles : so Macrobius, ipsum propositum, quem Græci σκοπὸν vocant. To propose to one’s self a scope, finem sibi proponere, spectare aliquid or ad aliquid : to miss one’s scope, a proposito aberrare ; propositum non consequi. || Room, space, spatium : locus : laxitas [SYN. in SPACE, ROOM]. || Field for anything, campus ; e. g., scope for a speech, in quo oratio exsultare possit (i. e., where it can display itself). There is large scope for his activity, latissime manat ejus industria : he has free scope, libero egressu memorare potest (of an historian, relative to his subject). Vid. also, FIELD
SCORBUTIC, * scrofulosus (technical term).
SCORCH, urere : adurere. Vid. BURN
SCORE, s., || A mark of number, nota. || An account, ratio. || The cost of an entertainment, sumtus comissationis (not compotationis). To pay a score, comissationis sumtus facere (properly) ; quod alii intriverunt exedere (figuratively). || An individual’s share of the whole expense, symbŏla : to pay one’s score, symbolam solvere ; pro hospitio soivere (at an inn). || Twenty, viginti ; viceni (distributive). || In music, * summa omnium vocum : * vocum (musicarum) omnium designatio
SCORE, v., incisuris distinguere. To score or mark a line under, * lineam ducere subter aliquid ; * linea conspicuum reddere aliquid : (Cf., not linea subnotare aliquid in this sense, which = to write anything upon a line, Appuleius)
SCORN, s., Vid. CONTEMPT
SCORN, v., Vid. DESPISE
SCORNER, contemptor : spretor
SCORNFUL, Vid. CONTEMPTUOUS
SCORNFULLY, Vid. CONTEMPTUOUSLY
SCORPION, || A venomous arachnid, scorpio : nepa (also as sign of the zodiac : Cf., scorpio likewise for a machine used in war) : The sting of a scorpion, ictus scorpionis (the sting as inflicted) : plaga scorpionis (wound made by the sting). || A kind of fish, * cottus scorpio (Linnæus). || By metonymy, A scourge, scorpio (inasmuch as it had iron stings to it ; vid. Isidorus, Orig., 5, 27, no. 18).
SCOT, [Vid. TAX. ]To pay scot and lot, vectigalia pensitare
SCOT-FREE, || Improperly, To escape scot-free, impune abire or dimitti. To let anybody go scot-free, aliquem impunitum ot incastigatum omittere. Vid. UNPUNISHED
SCOUNDREL, Vid. RASCAL
SCOUR, || To cleanse by rubbing, defricare et diligenter levare ; diligenter mundare levareque (Columella). To scour a ditch, fossam detergere or purgare. || To range about, percurrere, pererrare, pervagari regionem
SCOURER, qui mundat, etc. (mundator, Jul. Firm. )
SCOURGE, s., || Properly, flagrum, flagellum (the proper words ; consisting of single thongs) : scorpio (armed with prickles ; vid. Isidorus, Orig., 5, 27). Cf., The severest punishment was the flagellum, s., ; next was the milder scutica, or the lora, -orum, neuter, whip of thongs ; and after this the ferula ; i. e., rod of the plant νάρθηξ ; vid. Horatius, Sat. 1, 3, 119, sq. || Figuratively, pestis : pernicies : verba (plural) : to hold the scourage of criticism over anybody, * acerbe or severe reprehendere aliquem. A scourage of God, * immissus a Deo, ut sæviret in omne flagitium voluptatibus liquefacti generis humani. The scourage of a country, reipublicæ or patriæ pestis
SCOURGE, v., || To beat with rods, etc., flagris or flagellis cædere ; flagellare (post-Augustan) ; virgis verberare, cædere,
mulctare (Livius) ; verberibus accipere or excipere (Cicero). || T o punish, vid
SCOURING, By the verbs
SCOUT, s., emissarius : explorator : speculator [SYN. in SPY] : to place scouts at various places, speculatores spargere. Vid. also, SPY
SCOUT, v., || To act as a scout, explorare : speculari (the former to find out anything, aliquid and de aliqua re ; the latter to spy in all directions, in order to find out ; vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 47). [Vid. also, To SPY. ] ||To repel, reject, vid
SCOWL, s., Vid. FROWN
SCOWL, v., Vid. To FROWN
SCRAMBLE, v., || To attempt to seize hastily, involare in aliquid ; manus afferre alicui rei (to stretch out the hands toward anything in order to obtain it) : rapere, arripere aliquid (to snatch at) : aliquid diripere (Seneca, Suetonius, to be anxious or eager to attain anything). || To ascend a place, using one’s hands and feet, niti, eniti in aliquid : evadere in aliquid (to reach anything by scrambling ; e. g., in verticem or in jugum montis).
SCRAMBLE, s., By circumlocution with the verbs in To SCRAMBLE. There is quite a scramble for that article, permulti gestiunt, concupiscunt, illas merces emere
SCRAP, frustum : frustulum : scraps of learning, docta dicta (vid. Lucretius, 2, 287). Be off with your scraps of learning, * habeas tibi dicta tua docta. Vid. also, CRUMB, FRAGMENT
SCRAPE, v., || To rub the surface of anything by an edge, scabere (from κάβω, to rub, to scratch) : radere (to scrape with a tool, in order to remove any extraneous matter) : fricare (to rub, in order to make smooth) : abradere (to scrape off) : deradere (to make a smooth surface by scraping) : subradere (to scrape from below) : circumradere (all around). || To clean by rubbing [vid. To CLEAN]. || To act on the surface with a grating noise [vid. To GRATE]. || To collect by penurious diligence, corradere ; e. g., some money ; converrere (to sweep together, then to collect, bring together with a great deal of trouble ; e. g., hereditates omnium, Cicero, Off. 3, 19, extr. ). || To play badly (on the fiddle), * strepere fidibus ; chordas misere radere (Bau. ). || To make a noise with one’s feet, (pedibus) strepitum edere ; pedibus terram radere (of birds). ||PHR. To scrape acquaintance, insinuare se alicui or insinuare alicui ; insinuare se in familiaritatem alicujus.
SCRAPE, s., By circumlocution with the verbs in To SCRAPE. || A perplexity, angustiæ : to get anybody into a scrape, in angustias adducere : in angustum compellere. To get (one’s self) into a scrape, in angustias adduci ; in angustum venire : to be in a scrape, in angustiis esse or hærere ; angustius se habere. To get the money-lenders out of a scrape, ex obsidione fœneratores eximere (Cicero, Fam., 5, 6, 5, Cortte). || A bow, vid
SCRAPER, s., radula : rallum
SCRATCH, s., vulnus leve (a slight wound) : summæ cutis laceratio : usually by circumlocution. He received a slight scratch on his arm, cutis brachii leviter perstricta est
SCRATCH, v., radere (the proper word) : scabere (to scrape) : scalpere (to scrape, shave) : fricare, perfricare (to rub gently) : leviter perstringere (to wound slightly). To scratch the head, caput scabere or scalpere ; caput perfricare : to scratch behind its ears with its hind feet, aures posterioribus pedibus scabere (Cf., but radere aures or auriculas, in Quintilianus, 3, 1, 3, and Persius, 1, 107, is = to offend the ears, of a speech, etc. ). The pen scratches, * penna radit chartam : to scratch out, radere : eradere : exsculpere. To scratch out one’s eyes, oculos alicui effodere. I will scratch out your eyes, unguibus involabo tibi in oculos
SCRAWL, s., * scriptio mala
SCRAWL, v., Vid. SCRIBBLE
SCREAM,
SCREECH, s., clamor : vociferatio
SCREAM,
SCREECH, v., clamare (maxima voce, with all one’s might) : lugubrem edere clamorem ;trucem tollere clamorem
SCREECH-OWL, * stryx flammea (Linnæus).
SCREEN, s., || Properly, perhaps umbraculum. || Figuratively, præsidium : tutela
SCREEN, v., tegere, protegere, aliquem or aliquid : munire aliquid ab aliqua re : tueri, tutari, defendere aliquem, aliquid, ab aliqua re. To screen anybody from punishment, pœnæ eripere aliquem : pœnam ab aliquo avertere. κυρικιμασαηικο SCREW, s., cochlea : epitonium (ἐπιτόνιον : screw to tighten the strings of a musical instrument). The threads of a screw, rugæ per cochleam bullantes (Plinius, 18, 31, 74). A female screw, * cochleæ matrix. Archimedes’s screw, cochlea (for drawing up water). Cork-screw, * instrumentum extrahendis corticibus
SCREW, v., || To use a screw, * cochlea adigere or astringere aliquid. To screw anything to anything, cochlea affigere aliquid alicui rei : to screw anything in anything, cochleæ ope inserere aliquid. || To twist, contort, detorquere (general term) : distorquere (e. g., oculos, os). || Proverbially, To screw anything out (figuratively), elicere aliquid : eblandiri aliquid (by flattery or wheedling) : expiscari aliquid (to fish it out) : extorquere aliquid (by violence). To screw one’s self into anything, se insinuare in aliquid (e. g., in familiaritatem alicujus ; ineausam, etc. ) : se immiscere or inserere alicui rei (into a crowd of persons, or into a thing). To screw anything too tight, aliquid (nimis) intendere (e. g., leges, Plinius). To screw one’s self up to anything, intendere se ad aliquid (e. g., intendere se ad firmitatem, Cicero).
SCRIBBLE, aliquid illinere chartis (Horatius, Sat., 1, 4, 36).
SCRIBE, scriba : actuarius (in Silver Age, was a kind of short-hand writer who took notes of the speeches delivered in a court, Suetonius, Cæs., 55) : a manu (sc. servus, a private secretary ; an amanuensis : in time of emperors, amanuensis) : librarius (a writer [not author] of books ; also employed for copying, etc. ; hence private secretary, scribe, etc. ) : ab epistolis (sc. servus, the slave who wrote from his master’s dictation) : notarius (a short-hand writer ; post- Augustan). To be anybody’s scribe, a manu alicui esse ; ab epistolis alicui esse
SCRIP, || A purse, marsupium : crumena [vid. PURSE]. || A written paper or list, libellus : commentarius
SCRIPTURE, literæ sanctæ, divinæ ; libri divini ; arcanæ sanctæ religionis literæ (Lactantius) ; biblia (plural, modern).
SCRIVENER, nummularius (Suetonius) : nummulariolus (Seneca).
SCROFULA, * scrofula (medical technical term).
SCROFULOUS, * scrofulosus (technical term).
SCROLL, volumen (of paper) : * aliquid in cylindri speciem convolutum
SCRUB, s., homo pusillus ; frustum hominis (comedy ; a little man, short in stature, etc. ) : homo malus, improbus, nequam (man of bad character).
SCRUB, v., tergere : detergere : abstergere : tergere et purgare
SCRUBBY, pusillus (small, diminutive) : malus : improbus : nequam (bad).
SCRUPLE, s., || Doubt, difficulty, dubitatio : cunctatio (a delaying) : hæsitatio (hesitation) : scrupulus (a disquieting doubt) : religio (a scruple of conscience). To make, raise, or cause a scruple, dubitationem afferre, inferre, injicere, dare ; scrupulum alicui injicere, incutere : to make a scruple about anything, aliquid in religionem trahere ; aliquid religioni habere : I make no scruple about it, nulla mihi religio est (Horatius, Sat., 1, 9, 70). I make no scruple, have or feel no scruple in doing anything, religio mihi non est quominus, etc. (vid. Cicero, Cat., 3, 6, 15). Without any scruple (you can do so and so), sine sollicitudine religionis (Trajanus, ap. Plin., Ep., 10, 62, in. ). To remove a scruple, dubitationem alicui præcidere, tollere, expellere ; scrupulum alicui eximere or ex animo evellere ; religionem alicui evellere ; religionem alicui eximere. I have still one scruple, unus mihi restat scrupulus. I am disturbed by a scruple, scrupulus me stimulat ac pungit. There is a scruple whether or not, consultatio tenet, ne, etc. (Livius, 2, 3). If the slightest scruple should seem to exist, si tenuissimus scrupulus residere videbitur : without scruple, nulla interposita dubitatione ; sine ulla dubitatione. || (As a weight), scripulum or scrupulum, and sometimes scrupulus : of a scruple weighing a scruple, scripularis, scrupularis : by scruples, scripulatim, scrupulatim
SCRUPLE, v., dubitare : hæsitare : cunctari. vid. HESITATE.
SCRUPULOUS, anxius : anxius et sollicitus : religiosus : scrupulosus (post-Augustan in this sense ; or by the substantive). Over-scrupulous care, * minuta et anxia diligentia
SCRUPULOUSLY, religiose : sancte : severe (conscientiously) : diligenter : caute : curiose (carefully).
SCRUTINIZE, rem excutere (Cicero) ; scrupulos expendere, discutere ; minutius et scrupulosius omnia scrutari (Quintilianus). Vid. also, EXAMINE
SCRUTINY, probatio : examen : exploratio : tentatio. To subject to a scrutiny, sistere, mittere, aliquem spectandum, tentandum : to conduct a scrutiny, spectare, explorare, examinare aliquid
SCUD, s., imber subitus
SCUD (along), properare (general term, to hasten) : accurrere, advolare ad or in aliquem locum : contento cursu petere aliquem locum
SCUFFLE, s., rixa : pugna : jurgium (quarrel). Vid. FIGHT
SCUFFLE, v., Vid. FIGHT
SCULK, delitescere in aliquo loco
: se abdere in aliquem locum. To sculk away out of anybody’s sight, se occultare alicui or a conspectu alicujus. To be sculking somewhere, abditum latere : in occulto se continere : abditum et inclusum in occulto latere. Animals sculk away to their retreats, feræ latibulis se tegunt.
Sculking-hole, latibulum : latebra
SCULL, s., calva : calvaria (the proper word) : caput (the head) : ossa capitis (the head considered as a bone ; e. g., to drink out of sculls, in ossibus capitum bibere).
SCULL, v., cymbam impellere (remis brevioribus).
SCULLER, cymba (unius remigis), or diminutive, cymbula
SCULLERY, * lixarum officina
SCULLION, lixa
SCULPTOR, sculptor (in raised or half-raised work ; Cf., not scalptor) : fictor (general term, one who forms or fashions) : statuarum artifex, qui signa fabricatur (a statuary).
SCULPTURE, s., || The act of sculpturing, cœlatura : sculptura : scalptura. SYN. in the verb. || A thing sculptured, cœlamen (Ovidius) : signum (any plastic work ; opposed to tabulæ, picturæ) [Vid. STATUE. ] || The art of sculpturing, ars pingendi : ars signa fabricandi : ars et statuas et simulacra fingendi
SCULPTURE, v., cœlare (from κοῖλος : to work figures in relief on metals, especially silver, ivory, etc. ; also in wood ; Vergilius Freund writes cælare) : scalpere : sculpere (the former of work but little raised, like ξέειν ; the latter like γλύφειν, of works in half or whole relief. So Müller, Archæol., 108) : insculpere : scribere : inscribere (of cutting inscriptions). To sculpture anything in gold, aliquid auro or in auro cœlare : to sculpture in stone, aliquid e saxo sculpere or exsculpere : to sculpture in marble, scalpere marmora (Cicero) : to sculpture flowers, scalpere flores (Vitruvius).
SCUM, s., spuma (general term) : scorium (of metals).
Scum of the earth, homo ad extremum perditus : the scum of the state, sentina reipublicæ ; labes et eluvies civitatis : thou scum of the earth, o lutum! o sordes! SCUM, v., despumare (e. g., carnem, Plinius).
SCURF, ulceris crusta (of a wound, an ulcer, etc. ) : furfures (a disease of the skin, common with children on their heads) : porrigo (a cutaneous disease or eruption on the head, of a malignant nature). Having the scurf, porriginosus (Plinius, Val., 1, 4).
SCURFY, crusta obductus (of wounds, covered with scurf) : porriginosus (one who has the scurf ; Plinius, Val. 1, 4). A scufy head, caput porriginosum (Plinius, Val., 1, 4).
SCURRILITY, scurrilitas (Tacitus, Dial., 22, extr. ) : dicacitas scurrilis (Cicero, De Or., 2, 60, 244). Vid. also, GROSSNESS
SCURRILOUS, scurrilis : jocularis : ridiculus (jocose). Vid. also, GROSS.
SCURRILOUSLY, joculariter : ridicule : scurriliter. Vid. also, GROSSLY
SCURVILY, Vid. CONTEMPTIBLY
SCURVY, Vid. SCROFULA, SCROFULOUS
SCUTCHEON, * clypeus insignis : insigne generis (cf. Cicero, Sull., 31, 88). Vid. also, “COAT of arms. ” SCUTTLE, s., || A wide, shallow basket [vid. BASKET]. || A coa l-scuttle, * corbis carbonaria
SCUTTLE, v., perhaps pertundere per fundum (Cato) : * (navem) pertundere, perforare
SCYTHE, falx, falcis, feminine
SEA, mare (general term. Cf., The Greek pelagus and pontus are poetical only) : oceanus, mare oceanus (the ocean). The high sea, altum (opposed to coast or harbor) : the open sea, salum (σάλος ; opposed to harbor) : at sea, mari : both on land and at sea, terra marique ; terra et mari ; et terra et mari ; et mari et terra ; mari atque terra. [The usual expression is terra marique ; the others are used only in cases where more stress is laid on either, or where the style is more emphatic ; but aqua et terra is not Latin. ] To go to sea, mare ingredi ; navigationi se committere (opposed to viæ se committere, to set out on a road ; vid. Cicero, Fam., 16, 4, in. ) : to be at sea, mari navigare : to put to sea [vid. to set SAIL] ; also, altum petere ; in altum provehi (to the high sea) : the Mediterranean sea, * mare Mediterraneum (Cf., the ancients called it, by way of distinction, mare nostrum) : the Black Sea, pontus Euxinus ; or simply Pontus (also = the country about it) : the Adriatic Sea or Gulf of Venice, mare Adriaticum : the Tuscan Sea, mare Etruscum : the Caspian Sea, mare Caspium : the Red Sea, sinus Arabicus : the Dead Sea, lacus Asphaltites : that is situate or takes place upon the sea, maritimus : in the sea, marlnus : beyond the sea, transmarinus : to be on the level of the sea, locus pari libra cum æquore maris est (Columella, 8, 17). Empire of the sea, imperium maris (Cf., imperii maritimi summa, in Nepos, Arist., 2, 2 = the chief command at sea) : command at sea, imperium maritimum : adventures at sea, * quæ evenerunt in navigatione : dangers of the sea, periculum navigationis
SEA-CALF, phoca (Vergilius, Ovidius) : * phoca vitulina (Linnæus) : pure Latin, vitulus marinus, or, from the context, vitulus only
SEA-COAST, Vid. COAST
SEA-FIGHT, prœlium navale : pugna navalis
SEA-GREEN, glaucus (Cf., poetically, thalassinus ; cæruleus is = of a watery blue).
SEA-SICKNESS, nausea. To make a voyage without suffering sea-sickness, navigare sine nausea : to suffer sea-sickness, nauseare (Plautus) ; in mare nauseare (Seneca) ; nausea tentari ; nauseæ molestiam suscipere (Cicero) : to be suffering dreadfully from sea-sickness, nausea premi (Celsus) ; nausea aliquem torquet (Seneca) ; nausea confectum esse
SEA-WEED, alga
SEAL, s., || A sea-calf, vid
SEAL, s., || Properly, Impression, signum : sigillum. To break a seal, resignare. || A stamp, * forma qua signatoria utimur. A seal ring, annulus quo signatorio utimur (Valerius Max., 8, 14, 4). || Figuratively, fides. To tell a thing to anybody under the seal of secrecy, taciturnitati et fidei alicujus clam concredere aliquid (vid. Plautus, Trin., 1, 2, 104 ; not, as Ruhnken writes, dicere alicui aliquid sub fide silentii, which is not Latin). I tell you this under the seal of secrecy, hoc tibi soli dictum puta ; hæc tu tecum habeto ; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim ; hoc lapidi dixerim (Cf., not sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim).
SEAL, v., signare : consignare (Cf., not subsignare in this sense) : obsignare (to seal up) : signo imprimere aliquid : sigillum imprimere in re (to imprint the mark of a seal ; e. g., in cera, on wax). To seal despatches, signo suo tabellas imprimere : to seal a letter, literis sigillum imprimere : sealed up, obsignatus
SEALING-WAX, cera (which the ancients used), or * lacca signatoria. To use red sealing-wax, signare cera ex milto (Vitruvius, 9, 3).
SEAM, s., sutura
SEAM, v., consuere : suere
SEAMSTRESS, * femina acu opus faciens or acu victum quæritans
SEAR, adjective, Vid. DRY
SEAR, v., || Properly, urere : ustulare : amburere. || Figuratively, durare (e. g., animum or se). To be seared, durescere : obdurescere : indurescere
SEARCH, s., indagatio : investigatio : Often by the verbs
SEARCH, v., quærere (by asking) : exquirere : perquirere (to inquire or examine strictly) : scrutari : perscrutari (to see out or investigate thoroughly) : percunctari (to inquire after anything ; especially with reference to public news, etc. ) : sciscitari (to desire to know, endeavor to learn ; de aliqua re) : sciscitando elicere (to elicit by inquiry) : percunctando atque interrogando elicere (by various inquiries) : explorare (to spy out) : expiscari (= to fish out) : odorari (= to smell out) : indagare : investigare (= to track out) ; also, for emphasis, (The words are found in this connection and order. ) investigare et scrutari : indagare et pervestigare : indagare et odorari : percunctari et interrogare : tentare (e. g., vulnus, to search a wound) : penetrare (to penetrate, enter deeply into) : se insinuare (to find its way into). To search anybody, excutere aliquem (to see if he has anything contraband about his person). To search anybody’s house ; vid. HOUSE
SEARCHER, explorator : indagator : scrutator (post-classical). Classically, by the verbs
SEASON, s., || Time of year, anni tempus : anni tempestas (with special reference to the weather). The four seasons, quatuor anni terapora (Cicero) ; commutationes tcmporum quadripartitæ (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 28, 89) : Lælius commodiore anni tempore ad navigandum usus est (a better season ; Cæsar) : change of seasons, annuæ commutationes. || Time, fit time ; vid. TIME, OPPORTUNITY
SEASON, v., condire (properly and figuratively) : sale alicujus rei spargere aliquid (figuratively ; e. g., epistolæ humanitatis sparsæ sale) : aliqua re tamquam sale perspergere aliquid (figuratively ; e. g., orationem lepore). To season one’s discourse, sermonem condire : to season a discourse with wit, facetiarum lepore tamquam sale perspergere orationem : no man is better able to season his conversation with refined wit and the graces of style, nemo lepore, nemo suavitate conditior est : well-seasoned = inured to toil, duratus ; ab usu alicujus rei duratus
SEASONABLE, tempestivus
SEASONABLY, in tempore : tempestive
SEASONING, conditio (as action) : conditura (as method of preparing, Seneca, De Ira, 3, 15, 1) : condimentum (condiment) : aroma (foreign spices ; cinnamon, ginger, etc. ).
SEAT, s., || Place in which one sits
or may sit, sessio : sedile (place in which one may sit) : sedes (place in which one sits). To take the highest, lowest seat, supremum, ultimum, capere locum. || That whereon one sits, sedes : sella. A raised seat, solium : seats in the circus, fori (plural) : seats of the senators, subsellia (plural) : to take one’s seat, sedem capere (Livius, 1, 18) : seat of justice, tribunal. || Place of abode, sedes : domicilium : habitatio : deversorium (an inn) : cubile : lustrum (lair of a wild animal) : latibulum : receptaculum (a hiding-place ; the first especially of animals) : refugium : perfugium ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) portus et perfugium : portus et refugium : receptus tutus (a place of refuge).
Seats of the gods, sedes, spatia immortalium : to change one’s seat, sedem alio transferre : seat of government, sedes, domicilium, imperii, regni : seat of war, locus belli gerendi (Cicero) ; sedes belli (Livius) : to change the seat of war, bellum (sedem belli) in alias terras transferre (Livius, 21, 21). || Country-house, villa
SEAT, v., sede locare, collocare, ponere. To seat one’s self, sedem capere, considere (properly) : considĕre : residere (Cicero) : subsidere (Vergilius) : sedem ac domicilium collocare aliquo loco (Cicero, figuratively = to settle) : to seat one’s self at table (after the manner of the ancients), accumbere : decumbere : recumbere ; (according to our custom), ad mensam considere
SECEDE, secedere : decedere (to depart).
SECEDER, By the verb
SECESSION, secessio : decessio (departing).
SECLUDE, secludere.
Secluded, solitarius : a man who leads a seclude life, solitarius homo et in agro vitam agens : to lead a seclude life, habere or agere ætatem procul a republicâ ; ætatem procul a cœtu hominum agere
SECOND, adjective, secundus (next to the first) : alter (the other when only two are spoken of, and those two things of the same kind and present at the same time). The second each time, or every second, secundus quisque : to love anybody as a second parent, aliquem sicut alterum parentem diligere : for the second time, iterum (again ; Cf., not secundum or secundo in this sense, Döderlein, SYN. ) : of the second sort or quality, secundarius : the second part, secundæ, sc. partes : a second-rate state or power, * civitas secundi loci : to be pronounced second best, to come off second, * proximum judicari ; * secundas laudis partes ferre : anything is not the best, yet at all events the second best, est hoc, ut non optimum, sic tamen secundum (Celsus) : second mate, qui pro gubernatore operas dat (after Cicero, Fam., 13, 15, 1) : second time ; vid. above : every second day, year, etc. [vid. ALTERNATE] : upon second thoughts, or on a second consideration, re consulta et explorata ; inita subductaque ratione ; circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis : to be second to none (of persons), non inferiorem esse aliquo aliqua re ; parem esse alicui aliqua re ; non multum aut nihil omnino cedere alicui : of second quality, secundæ notæ (e. g., wine, vinum) : second hand [vid. HAND] : second rate, secundarius : secundi loci.
Second teeth [vid. TOOTH].
Second class in school, classis secunda
SECOND, s., || An assistant, adjutor : socius [vid. ASSISTANT]. || The sixtieth part of a minute, punctum temporis (a moment).
SECOND, v., || To come in the next place [vid. To FOLLOW]. || To support, back, assist ; vid. To AID, HELP
SECONDARY, secundarius (second in order ; also inferior) : secundi loci (second in rank, second rate).
Secondary causes, cauræ adjuvantes et proximæ (opposed to perfectæ et principales).
SECONDLY, secundo, iterum (again, the second time) : turn : deinde (when the division is not so strict or precise).
SECRECY, || Close silence, taciturnitas ; or by circumlocution with arcanum or secretum. We must have secrecy, opus est fide ac taciturnitate : to preserve secrecy, secretum tacitum premere (Cicero) ; commissa tacere (Horatius) ; arcana celare (Curtius) : to violate secrecy, arcanum aperire (Livius), proferre (Plinius), prodere (Curtius) ; commissa enuntiare (Cicero)
SECRET, adjective, arcanus (that one keeps hidden or unrevealed) : secretus (that one keeps separate) : abditus : tectus : occultus (removed from sight : abditus, hidden by being put away ; tectus, by being covered ; occultus, veiled) : ab arbitris liber (free from eye-witnesses ; e. g., locus) : reconditus : absconditus : abstrusus (deeply hidden, abstruse ; reconditus of things difficult to reveal, absconditus and abstrusus of things altogether unknown) : interior (not exposed) : latens (that lies in obscurity) : clandestinus (that lakes place without the knowledge of another) : tacitus (that acts or lakes place without noise or show) : furtivus (by stealth). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) arcanus et secretus : secretus et arcanus : occultus et abditus : occultus et quasi involutus : reconditus atque abditus : interior et reconditus : abditus et ab arbitris liber (e. g., locus). A secret writing, literæ secretiores (the characters, ciphers, etc) : furtivum scriptum (anything written with private characters, etc., Gellius): secret power, tacita vis (that works in silence ; vid. Quintilianus, 3, 5, 9, and 9, 4, 13) : occulta vis (that is not observed or known ; vid. Quintilianus, 1, 10, 7) : secret counsel, consilia arcana, iutenora (private consultations ; different from consilia clandestina, = secret tricks or artifices ; vid. Nepos, Hannib., 2, 2) : sanctuarium or consistorium priucipis (the place in which the prince held his councils ; under the emperors) : secret conversations or negotiations, occulta colloquia ; clandestina colloquia ; with anyone, cum aliquo : to hold secret consultation with anyone, to consult with anyone in secret, cum aliquo colloqui arcano (when the subject of consultation is a secret), or secreto (when the parties meet in private ; i. e., so that their deliberations are not overheard), or in occulto (when the parties meet secretly ; i. e., so that their meeting is not known) : to speak with anyone in secret, sine arbitris loqui cum aliquo : secret arts, artes secretæ : in secret (or secretly, as an adverb), arcano (so that that which takes place must remain unknown) : secreto (not in the presence of unwelcome persons ; vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3] ; B. C., 1, 19. Nearly = secreto is sine arbitris or arbitris remotis ; i. e., without witnesses or persons present, but with this difference, that secreto implies that a person removes himself from witnesses, while sine arbitris merely affirms that no witnesses are present, and arbitris remotis implies that the witnesses have been removed) : occulte (in a hidden manner ; opposed to aperte ; in occulto, in a hidden place ; ex occulto, from a hidden place ; ex insidiis, from an ambush) : tecte (covertly) : latenter (in a hidden manner, when we do not perceive how a thing happens) : clam (without the knowledge of others ; opposed to palam, or ante oculos alicujus, or coram aliquo ; Cf., clanculum is comic) : obscure (in the dark ; of one who shuns the light) : tacite : silentio (in silence, without noise ; silentio always subjective = without speaking of a matter) : furtim (by stealth ; of one who desires not to be caught in the act ; opposed to palam et libere ; vid. Cicero, N. D., 2, 63, 157) : furtive (unobservedly ; of one who ivould have what he does not to be seen by others). Latin writers also frequently express “in secret” or “secretly” by sub in composition with verbs, to which, however, they sometimes add clam for emphasis ; e. g., to carry away in secret or secretly, supportare : to lead away in secret, subducere ; clam subducere or abducere ; furto subducere (e. g., obsides) : to withdraw one’s self in secret or secretly, se subducere : to rejoice in secret or secretly, in sinu gaudere (to laugh in one’s sleeve) : to keep anything secret, tacitum teuere, habere ; tacite habere (not to speak of it) : secum habere (to keep it to one’s self) : tacere, reticere (to observe silence) : continere (opposed to proferre, enunciare ; vid. Cicero, De Or., 1, 47, in. ) : celare (to conceal what one ought to make known ; opposed to palam facere) : to keep a thing secret from anyone, celare aliquem aliquid or de re ; occulere (opposed to aperire ; passive, occuli, opposed to apparere) : occultare, occulte ferre (opposed to palam facere) : not to keep anything secret, aliquid haud occultum habere or tenere ; aliquid non obscure ferre ; aliquid proferre, enunciare (to blab) : aliquid præ se ferre : keep this secret, I tell you this in secret, hoc tibi soli dictum puta ; hæc tu tecum habeto ; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim ; arcano tibi ego hoc dixi ; hoc lapidi dixerim (Cf., not sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim, which is not Latin) : I can keep nothing secret , plenus rimarum sum, hac atque illac perfluo (comic, ap. Ter., Eun., 1, 2, 25) : a secret order or command, * nuncius per literas secretiores or per notas scriptus (written with secret characters) : a secret messenger, nuncius clandestinus (a messenger despatched in secret, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 64) : * nuncius de rebus arcanis missus (that has secret commands).
SECRET, s., res arcana, secreta, occulta, recondita [SYN. in SECRET, adjective] : res silenda (of which one must not speak) : mysterium, especially in plural, mysteria (τά μυστήρια, the celebrated Greek mysteries or secrets ; Cicero allows himself to use mysterium,
general term for a secret only in epistolary style ; in De Orat., 3, 17, 64, he qualifies it by tamquam in the words tacitum tamquam mysterium tenent).
Secrets, arcana : secreta : occulta : reconriita, plural [SYN. in SECRET, adjective] : commissa (things intrusted in secret) : silenda (concerning which one should be silent ; e. g., a secret society ; vid. Livius, 39, 11, med. ) : secrets of the heart, animi secreta ; occulta pectoris : the secrets of a conspiracy, occulta conjurationis : this is no great secret, hæc res sane non est recondita ; hoc in vulgus emanavit (is no longer a secret) : something is a secret to me, aliquid me non præterit or me non fugit (Cf., there is no sure authority for aliquid mihi or me latet ; in Cicero, Cat., 7, 6, 15, and Cicero, Sull., 23, 65, the best Codices have a different reading ; vid. Orelli) : to make a secret, no secret of a thing ; vid. To keep, not to keep secret, in SECRET, adjective : I tell you this as a secret [vid. SECRET, adjective, sub fin. ] : they have no secret between each other, nec quidquam secretum alter ab altero habent. To be in the secret, scire
SECRETARY, scriba : qui est alicui a manu or ab epistolis [vid. SCRIBE] : * secretarius (as modern technical term). A prince’s private secretary, quem princeps ad manum habet scribæ loco (vid. Nepos, Eum., 1, 5) ; scriba principis or regis (Plinius, 12, 14, 32). || A sort of cabinet, armarium
SECRETARYSHIP, scribæ munus : * secretariatus (as modern technical term, for the sake of distinction).
SECRETE, || To hide, abdere aliquid in locum or in loco ; occultare aliquid loco or in loco (very seldom in locum ; vid. Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 7, 85, extr. ). To see anything under anything, abdere aliquid sub aliqua re or intra aliquid (e. g., a knife, a sword under one’s robe, cultrum sub veste, ferrum intra vestem). To secrete one’s self, delitescere, se abdere in occultum (to secrete one’s self in a lurking-place). To secrete one’s self in any place, delitescere in aliquo loco or in loco ; se abdere in locum ; se occultare loco or in loco. To secrete one’s self from anybody, se occultare alicui or a conspectu alicujus : to keep one’s self secreted, abditum latere ; in occultum se continere ; abditum et inclusum in occulto latere : to be secrete, latere. || To separate, secernere, separare.
SECRETION, || Act of secreting, by the verbs. || That which is secreted in the body, humor : if = excrement, stercus (of man and beast) : excrementa, plural (post-Augustan) ; also, alvus (e. g., liquida, pallida).
SECRETLY, occulte : secreto (opposed to aperte) : clam : clanculum : clandestino (Plautus ; opposed to palam) : furtim (Cicero) : furtive (Ovidius, by stealth). Vid. “in secret, ” under SECRET, adjective
SECRETORY, * secretorius (technical term ; e. g., vas) : * secretionem efficiens
SECT, secta (the disciples of a philosopher) : schola a school founded by a philosopher) : familia (an independent society) : disciplina (a society, with reference to its tenets and principles). To belong to a sect, sequi or persequi sectam ; profited sectam (to profess one’s attachment to a sect) : to be attached to a philosophical sect, sequi philosophiam ; esse ab aliqua disciplina : to go over to a sect, ad sectam transire : to found a sect, novam sectam instituere ; sectam condere : to incline to the sect of (the Stoics), auctoritatem (Stoicæ) sectæ præferre
SECTION, pars ; diminutive, particula : portio
SECULAR, || Of an age, sæcularis. || Not spiritual, * a rebus divinis alienus (Cf., not mundanus) : profanus : civilis. A secular office, munus civile. || Temporal, evanescent, fluxus : caducus : vanus. || Devoted to worldly pleasures, vanus : rerum inanium amans : voluptatibus deditus
SECULARIZATION, by circumlocution with the verb
SECULARIZE, perhaps exaugurare (opposed to inaugurare) : profanum facere (opposed to sacrum esse velle). Vid. CONSECRATE
SECURE, adjective, || Safe, tutus : securus [vid. SAFE]. || Careless, securus : negligens : imprudens. SYN. in CARELESS
SECURE, v., || To make safe, put out of danger, tutum reddere, facere, or præstare : in tuto collocare aliquid (e. g., one’s reputation, famam) : munire (to provide with a defence) : conrirmare aliquid or spem alicujus rei (e. g., spem successionis, Suetonius ; pacem, regnum, etc. ). To secure one’s self against danger or casualties, corpus tutum reddere adversus pericula (Celsus) : to be secured against anything, tutum or munitum esse ab aliqua re. || To upprehend, comprehendere ; in custodiam tradere. To be secured, comprehendi ; in custodiam tradi : (of a permanent state), in custodia haberi or servari ; custodia teneri or retineri.
SECURELY, tute : tuto (safely) : secure, indiligenter (carelessly).
SECURITY, || Freedom from danger, incolumitas : salus [vid. SAFETY]. || Protection, vid. || Pledge, guarantee, cautio (general term) : satisdatio (at law). To give security, cautionem interponere ; cautionem cavere ; satisdare (pro re) ; satisdationem interponere, præstare, or dare : to ask or demand security, exigere ab aliquo satisdationem ; satis petere ab aliquo : to receive security, satis accipere : to offer security, cautionem offerre ; satis or satisdationem offerre : to give anybody back his security, cautionem alicui remittere [all fin legal writers] : to give security, prædibus cavere (Dict., Antiquities. ). To give security to twice the amount, cavere in duplum : to have given security for anybody to a large amount, intercessisse pro aliquo magnam pecuniam. One who gives security, sponsor ; fidejussor : vas, vadis, masculine ; præs. SYN. in BAIL
SEDAN, sella : lectica (lectica = palanquin, the person being recumbent) : sella gestatoria (Suetonius). To ride in a sedan, lectica or sella vehi ; gestamine sellæ pervehi (to a place ; e. g., Baias, Tacitus). SEDATE, lentus (without emotion) : ab animi perturbatione liber (free from passion) : tranquillus (calm) : quietus : sedatus (composed, collected) : placidus (of an even temper, mild). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) quietus placidusque ; sedatus et quietus ; sedatus placidusque ; placidus et sedatus
SEDATELY, lente : tranquille : quiete : sedate : sedaro animo : placide. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sedate placideque : placide et sedate
SEDATENESS, lentitudo : animus ab omni perturbatione liber [SYN. in SEDATE] : animi æquitas, æquabilitas : animus æquus (equanimity) : animus sedatus (composure).
SEDATIVE, mitigatorius (Plinius : mitigativus, late). Or by circumlocution with dolorem sedare, compescere
SEDENTARY, sedentarius (e. g., opera sedentaria, Cicero (?) ap. Col. ) : sellularius (of a mechanic whose work is done in a sitting posture ; Cicero, Livius : sedentaria ars, Appuleius). To lead a sedentary life, * vitam sedentariam (not vitam domisedam) agere ; domi (desidem) sedere. Cf., Domiseda is the epithet of a woman who stays at home ; Orell., Inscript., 4639. For a person of sedentary habits, Krebs recommends reconditus, but this is “reserved : ” umbraticus (homo ; opposed to reges ; Plautus, Curc., 4, 3, 24) is one who stays at home, avoiding public life and public duties : qui in totum aut certe plurirnum domi moratur (Cicero, ap. Col., but this may include the idea of activity and movement in the house) : * qui inter parietes libenter se coniinet
SEDGE, carex : ulva palustris
SEDGY, ulvosus (Sidon. ) : ulva abundans or obductus
SEDIMENT, subsidentia, plural ; sedimentum : crassamentum : quæ in aliqua re subsidunt (e. g., in urina). To deposit a sediment, habere quædam subsidentia (Celsus, 2, 5).
Sediment of wine, fæx vini
SEDITION, seditio : motus (a disturbance in the state) : tumultus (with the Romans any sudden disturbance, sudden war) : vis repentina (a sudden sedition) : rebellio : rebellium : rebellatio (rising of a vanquished people against their conquerors). To raise or cause a sedition, seditionem, tumultum facere, concitare ; seditionem commovere, concire : to inflame sedition, ignem et materiam seditioni subdere : to endeavor to stir up sedition, sollicitare, concitare aliquem : to suppress a sedition, seditionem sedaire, lenire, tranquillam facere, comprimere, exstinguere : a sedition arises seditio oritur, concitatur, exardescit ; breaks out again, seditio recrudescit : abates, seditio languescit ; dies away, conticescit
SEDITIOUS, seditiosus (engaged in a disturbance) : rerum evertendarum or rerum novarum cupidus ; rerum mutationis cupidus (disposed to overthrow the existing order of things) : rebellans (that rises against a conqueror) : turbulentus (restless, unquiet). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) seditiosus ac turbulentus ; e. g., civis. To be seditious, novas res quærere ; novis rebus studere (seditiously disposed) in seditione inter se esse (in a state of sedition) : to make seditious speeches against anyone, seditiosis vocibus increpare aliquem : to hold seditious language, seditiosa per cœtus disserere (Tacitus, Ann., 3, 40, 3) : the Gauls are a seditious people, Galli novis rebus student et ad bellum mobiliter celeriterque excitantur (Cæsar, B. G., 3, 10).
SEDITIOUSLY, seditiose : turbulente : turbulenter : turbide
SEDUCE, a recta via abducere (properly, to mislead), aliquem transversum agere (figuratively, to
draw from the path of virtue) : corrumpere alicujus animum et mores, or simply corrumpere aliquem (to corrupt) : aliquem ad nequitiam adducere : alicui fenestras ad nequitiam patefacere (to entice to debauchery or a dissolute mode of life) : in stuprum illicere (of illicit amours) : in errorem inducere (to deceive)
SEDUCER, qui aliquem ad nequitiam abducit : corruptor : auctor flagitii, fraudis : (with reference to female chastity) qui aliquam in stuprum illicit
SEDUCTION, corruptela : illecebræ : Or by the verbs. Arts of seduction, ars ad libidines adolescentulorum excitandas accommodata
SEDUCTIVE, omnibus libidinum illecebris repletus (e. g., regio) : captiosus (dangerous ; e. g., societas) : corruptrix (of persons and things, feminine).
SEDULITY, sedulitas (indefatigable, bustling activity in small matters) : assiduitas (continued, uninterrupted exertion) : diligentia (careful and close application) : industria (industry of a high and elevated kind). Vid. INDUSTRY
SEDULOUS, sedulus (busily active, bustling ; opposed to piger) : assiduus (constantly active) : industrius (restlessly active in high matters ; opposed to segnis) : diligens (carefully and closely applying one’s thoughts and exertions to the attainment of an object). To be sedulous in any business, in re agenda acrem et industrium esse
SEDULOUSLY, sedulo : assidue : industrie : diligenter. SYN. in SEDULOUS
SEE, s., * sedes (episcopi).
SEE, v., || Perceive or distinguish by sight, videre (ἰδῖν, to possess the faculty of vision ; Cf., tueri, in the same sense, is poetical) : cernere (κρίνειν, to discern, distinguish by the sight), or oculis cernere aliquid : oculis percipere : spectare (to look at attentively or anxiously, to survey closely or narrowly) : aspicere (to turn the eyes to, to look at) : conspicari (to see at a distance ; usually in the perfect passive participle, and in Cæsar). To go to see, visere : to see well, bene, acute, acriter videre ; acres et acutos habere oculos : to see to a great distance, longe videre : not to see, carere sensu oculorum (not to possess the faculty) : cæcum esse (to be blind, to have lost or been deprived of the faculty) : to be able neither to see nor to hear, oculis auribusque captum esse : not to see so well with the right eye as with the left, dextro oculo non æque bene uti (Nepos ; opposed to sinistro oculo minus videre, Suetonius) : to see well with one eye, altero oculo bene videre (Cicero) : to see clearly, clare videre oculis (Plautus) ; videre perspicue, diligenter, recte : not to be able to see anything, fugit aliquid aciem, obtutum oculorum ; effugit aliquid sensum oculorum (opposed to cadere in conspectum) : not to endure to see anything, vultum alicujus pati non posse ; oculi mei aliquid ferre non possunt : worth seeing, visendus ; spectandus ; conspiciendus ; visu or spectatu dignus : it is worth seeing, aliquid dignum est, quod spectetur : see! = BEHOLD, vid. Cf., After “to wait, etc., ” a dependent interrogative clause often follows immediately, “to see” being omitted : “when all were waiting to see who would be so, etc. ” exspectantibus omnibus, quisnam esset, etc. || Figuratively, To observe, perceive, notice, videre ; videre animo ; cernere (mente) ; also, perspicere ; animadvertere ; intelligere : to see in a dream, videre aliquid in somnis (Cicero) ; per somnum, per quietem (Justinus) : the enemy saw himself obliged to retreat, hostis se recipere coactus erat : to see through, perspicere, animo videre : to see through a plan, quid agat aliquis, quid moliatur, sentire et videre. || To consider, videre : considerare. I will see presently, mox videro (Cf., less commonly videbo, Matth., Excurs. de fut. exact. ). || To take precaution, be on one’s guard, videre : cavere. || To provide, videre : providere : curare. || To conjecture, conclude, videre : intelligere : conjicere : colligere
SEED, || Properly, semen. to sow seed, semen spargere (Cicero) ; semen jacere, serere (Plinius) ; semen solo ingerere, or terras mandare (Columella) ; semen jactare, demittere in terram (Varro).
Seed is apt not to come up, semen difficulter animatur : seed comes up, semen procedit or prodit. To go to seed, in semen ire or abire in semina crescere. || Figuratively, semen : causa. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) semen et causa (Cicero) : stirps : igniculi ac semina. To sow the seeds of anything, sementem alicujus rei facere ; velut semina jacere alicui rei (e. g., bello) : nova semina ministrare alicui rei (of sowing the seeds of another war, etc., bello). To sow the seeds of political troubles, civiles discordias serere
SEED-CORN, semen : sementis
SEED-PLOT, seminarium (Columella, Varro).
SEED-TIME, sementis (Columella) : sationis tempus (Cicero) : tempus satus (Plinius, 19, 8, 40).
SEED-VESSEL, vasculum seminis
SEEDSMAN, * qui semina vendit
SEEDY, granosus, or by circumlocution with semen : Cf., seminosus is late
SEEING THAT, siquidem (implies something known and granted ; Zumpt, § 345) : quum (relating to time as well as stating a reason) : quia : quod : quoniam : quandoquidem (implying also a reason, with this difference, that “quum” alleges a simple reason merely, our “since ;” “quia” and “quod, ” of which the former is the stronger, allege a reason founded on necessity, our “because;” “quoniam” alleges a reason deduced from the accidental occurrence of circumstances, our “whereas ;” “quandoquidem” gives a reason inferred from some preceding circumstance).
SEEK, || Transitively, To search for, quærere. || To desire and pursue, petere : appetere : expetere : sequi : persequi : sectari : consectari : captare : aucupare : studere or servire alicui rei. To seek a livelihood, victum quæritare (Plautus) : to seek one’s own interests, rebus et commodis suis servire ; omnia ad utilitatem suam revocare (Cicero). || To ask in order to receive, petere. || To endeavor, studere (with an infinitive, or, more rarely, ut) ; operam dare, ut ; capĕre (with an infinitive, to seek to ; Cf., but quærere with an infinitive or ut is not found in the best prose). To seek one’s life ; i. e., to compass one’s death, insidias vitæ moliri. || Intransitively, To make search, quærere : indagare : vestigare : investigare. || To endeavor to do or effect, conari : moliri : machinari. κυρικιμασαηικο SEEKER, by the verbs. Vid. also, SEARCHER
SEEM, videri. The impersonal form “it seems” is mostly translated personally ; ” it seems that our friends will not come, ” amici nostri non venturi videntur. To seem in anybody’s eyes, judicio alicujus esse ; ab aliquo existimari ; videri alicui ; esse apud aliquem : it seems to me that you are a passionate person, stomachosus esse videris : it does not seem so to me, non ita mihi videtur : it does not seem to me that, etc., non mihi videtur (with accusative and infinitive) : to seem to one’s self, sibi videri
SEEMING, Vid. APPARENT
SEEMINGLY, ut videtur
SEEMLY, decorus : decens (becoming ; opposed to indecorus) : honestus (honorable ; opposed to inhonestus, turpis). To be seemly, decorum, honestum esse alicui ; decere (with an accusative of the person to whom anything is seemly) : it is seemly, æquum est, par est (followed by an infinitive) : it is seemly that, etc., con venit (folloiued by an accusative and infinitive ; vid. Benecke, Cic., Cat., 1, 2, 4) : it is not seemly, non decet : it is not at all seemly, etc., minime decet (both followed by an accusative and infinitive ; e. g., oratorem irasci minime decet). “It is seemly for, ” may frequently be rendered by est with a genitive ; e. g., est juvenis, “it is seemly for a young man. ” SEER, Vid. PROPHET
SEETHE, Vid. BOIL
SEGMENT, || Part of a circle, * segmentum (technical term ; not in this sense in Pliny). || A part, portion, segmentum : pars : portio
SEGREGATE, Vid. SEPARATE
SEIGNIOR, dominus
SEIZE, || Properly, To lay hold of with the hand, prehendere : apprehendere : comprehendere : arripere (to snatch to one’s self, to seize hastily) : to seize the hand of anyone, dextram alicujus complecti (as a suppliant, etc. ) : to seize anyone by the hand, manu prehendere (general term) ; manu reprehendere (in order to briny him back) : to seize a pen, calamum sumere ; stilum prehendere ; ad scribendum se conferre (figuratively) : to seize a person, aliquem prehendere, comprehendere ; aliquem arripere. || To take, catch, capere (to get possession of a thing in order to keep it) : sumere (to remove a thing in order to use it) : prehendere (to take hold of a thing in order to hold it ; all with an accusative) : tangere aliquid (to touch) : manus adhibere alicui rei ; manus afferre alicui rei (figuratively, to endeavor to get a thing into one’s own possession ; e. g., vectigalibus, alienis bonis) : descendere ad aliquid (to have recourse to, when other ways and means do not succeed) : to seize anything violently, eagerly, rapere, arripere aliquid (hastily) : involare in aliquid (figuratively, to fly or pounce upon ; e. g., in alienas possessiones). || Figuratively, To fall upon suddenly (of things without life), arripere : corripere : occupare (to take possession of) : invadere : incessere (to fall upon, especially of fear) : the fire seizes anything, ignis or flamma comprehendit, corripit aliquid : a disease seizes me, I am seized by a disease, morbo tentor or corripior ; morbo implicor in
morbum incĭdo : a panic seizes me, pavor me occupat ; metus, pavor mihi incutitur ; timor me incessit : to be seized by fear or a panic, metu affici ; in timorem dari ; timore percelli : to be seized with compassion, misericordia capi or corripi ; with astonishment, stupor, admiratio me incessit : to be seized with anger, ira incendi ; (ira) excandescere ; ira exacui (of the most violent anger) : to seize the mind, animum commovere, permovere
SEIZURE, || Properly, A laying hold of, prehensio (Varro, ap. Gell. ) : captus (Valerius Max. ). Usually by the verbs. || Figuratively, Attack (of a disease, etc. ), tentatio (sc. morbi, Cicero, Att., 10, 17, 2). A slight seizure, commotiuncula (Cicero, Att., 12, 11, extr. ) : levis motiuncula (Suetonius, Vesp., 24) : to suffer under the seizure of a disease, tentari morbo : to experience a slight seizure, levi motiuncula tentari (Cf., not accessio febris, which is = “a paroxysm”)
SELDOM, raro (opposed to vulgo, sæpe, etc., and distinguished from interdum). Very seldom, admodum raro (Cicero) ; raro admodum (Quintilianus) ; perquam raro (Plinius) ; rarissime (Suetonius) : frequently. . . now and then. . . but seldom, frequenter . . . interdum. . . raro autem : so seldom, ita raro (Cicero) ; sic raro (Horatius). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) insolenter et raro (opposed to vulgo ; Cicero) : not seldom, non raro (Quintilianus, 9, 4, 74) : this is seldom found, hoc rarum est inventu : it seldom happens, raro fit (ut, etc. ). Cf., Rare (Plautus), rarenter (Cato) are ante-classical
SELECT, adjective, electus : selectus : delectus (electus improperly = excellent). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) conquisitus et electus : exquisitus (searched out = excellent) : eximius : egregius : præstans (excellent). A select band, delecta manus : select letters, * selectæ epistolæ
SELECT, v., eligere (general term, to choose from several things, without reference to any particular object) : deligere (to choose what is or appears to be most suitable ; Cæsar, B. G., 7, 31, huic rei idoneos homines deligebat) : seligere (to choose and set apart). To select a place for a camp, locum castris capere ; locum idoneum castris diligere : to make or let anybody select, facere alicui potestatem optionemque ut eligat utrum velit
SELECTION, || The act or right of selecting, electio : delectio : selectio [SYN. in SELECT] : optio (free choice, option). To make a selection, delectum habere, facere : with a selection, cum delectu ; electe ; diligenter (with care) ; eleganter (with good taste) : without any selection, sine ullo delectu ; promiscue. || Things selected, by the adjective, selectus ; e. g., a selection of letters, * epistolæ selectæ
SELF, (as a definite pronoun), ipse. Cf., When “self” is combined with a personalpronoun (myself, himself, etc. ), observe carefully whether it be as an active (subject) or a passive (object) ; in the former case ipse is put in the nominative or in the accusative (only when connected with an accusative and infinitive) ; in the latter, ipse is in the case of the personal pronoun, whatever it may be ; e. g., se ipsum irridet (he laughs at himself, and at no other ; he laughs at himself alone) ; se ipse irridet (he laughs at himself, and no other laughs at him ; he alone laughs at himself) ; aliquis sibi ipsi inimicus est (is an enemy to himself). “Self” is also denoted by the appendage of met to the personal pronouns ego, tu, sui, and their cases ; sometimes with the addition of ipse in the same case as the pronoun ; e. g., myself, memet, memet ipsum (Cf., but never memet ipse). Of my (your, him, or it) self, ipse ; mea (tua, sua) sponte (without external impulse or cause) : ultro (of free will, voluntarily) : per se (by one’s self) : a se (self-originating) : sine magistro (without a teacher) : his other self, alter idem for nominative ; for another case, se, etc., alterum : Pompey said I should be his other self, me alterum se fore : a friend is like one’s other self, tamquam alter idem : like your other self, tamquam ipse tu ; sometimes tamquam exemplar mei, tui, sui, etc., may be used ; e. g., he who has a friend looks upon him as his other self is tamquam exemplar aliquod intuetur sui : the door opened of itself, valvæ se ipsæ aperuerunt : to recover himself, ad se redire : for itself (= for its own sake), propter se or sese (e. g., amicitia propter se expetenda) ; natura (e. g., honestum – natura est laudabili, Cicero). Cf., With genitive sui = themselves, the singular gerund is used ; e. g., sui colligendi (not colligendorum) causa. Many passive verbs have a purely reflexive meaning ; as, falli (to deceive one’s self) ; cruciari (to torment one’s self) ; vid. Krug., § 471. || (As an intensive) ipse : vel : adeo ; e. g., virtue itself is despised, virtus ipsa contemnitur : the enemy themselves could not refrain from tears, vel hostes lacrimis temperare non potuerunt : you yourself are angry with me, tu adeo mihi succenses. Vid. also, HIMSELF
SELF-CONCEIT, vana or arrogans de se persuasio. To have no little conceit (of one’s self), multum sibi tribuere ; se aliquem esse putare ; magnifice de se statuere ; magnos sibi sumere spiritus (to be conceited) : to have a great deal of self-conceit, tumescere inani persuasione (Quintilianus, I, 2, 18) ; sibi placere : full of self-conceit, arrogantiæ plenus
SELF- CONCEITED, arrogans (assuming) : superbus (proud, haughty) : A self-conceited person, homo opinionibus inflatus (Cicero, Off., 1, 26, 91) ; homo nimium amator ingenii sui (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 88) : * qui sibi præ ceteris sapere videtur
SELF-CONFIDENCE,
SELF-CONFIDENT, [Vid. CONFIDENCE, CONFIDENT. ]Blind self-confidence, stolida sui fiducia : reasonable self-confidence, haud vana de se persuasio (after Quintilianus, 2, 2, 12).
SELF-CONTROL, temperantia (opposed to libido) : moderatio (opposed to effrenata cupiditas) : modestia (opposed to petulantia) : cuntinentia (opposed to luxuria, libido). To exercise self-control, sibimet ipsi temperare ; in se ipsum habere potestatem ; se habere in potestate
SELF-DEFENCE, contra vim defensio (Cicero, Mil., 5, 14). To practise self-defence, ipse me contra vim defendo : to carry arms for self-defence, sui defendendi causa, telo uti (Cicero, Mil., 4, 11).
SELF-DENIAL, animi moderatio : dolorum et laborum contemptio : rerum humanarum contemptus ac despicientia. To practice the most rigid self-denial, omnia quæ jucunda videntur esse, ipsi naturæ ac necessitati denegare (after Cicero, Ver., 5, 14, 35).
SELF-EVIDENT, ante oculos positus : manifestus : apertus : evidens
SELF-EXAMINATION, * spectatio vitæ nostræ.
Sometimes meditatio (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 17) or sermo intimus (Cicero, Tusc., 2, 22, 51) may suit. To institute a self-examination, in sese descendere (Persius) ; me ipse perspicio totumque tento (Cicero, Legg., 2, 22, 59).
SELF-GOVERNMENT, imperium sui. Vid. SELF-CONTROL
SELF-KNOWLEDGE, we may say cognitio sui : conscientia factorum suorum ; or, by a turn of the expression, noscere semet ipsum ; e. g., Pythius Apollo enjoins self-knowledge, jubet nos Pythius Apollo noscere nosmet ipsos ; monet Pythius Apollo, ut se quisque noscat
SELF-LOVE, cæcus amor sui (poetical). To possess self-love, se ipsum amare : all men possess self-love, omnes sibi esse melius quam alteri malunt (in bad sense ; in good sense, vid. SELF-PRESERVATION) : self-love betrays itself, est se ipsum amantis
SELF-POSSESSED, suus (e. g., semper in disputando suum esse, like himself, Cicero).
SELF-PRAISE, de se prædicatio
SELF-PRESERVATION, ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus (Cicero, Fin., 5, 9, in. ) : conservandi sui custodia (Cicero, N. D., 2, 48, extr. ) : corporis nostri caritas (Seneca, Ep., 14, 1). The instinct of self-preservation belongs to all living creatures, omni animali primus ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus a natura datus est, se ut conservet (Cicero, De Fin., 5, 9, 24) ; omne animal se ipsum diligit, ac simul ortum est, id agit, ut se conservet (ib. ) ; generi animantium omni est a natura tributum, ut se, vitam corpusque tueatur, declinetque ea, quæ nocitura videantur, omniaque, quæ sunt ad vivendum necessaria, anquirat et paret (Cicero, Off., 1, 4, 11) ; omni animali insita est corporis sui caritas (Seneca, Ep., 14, 1) ; omnibus ingenuit animalibus conservandi sui natura custodiam (Cicero, N. D., 2, 48, extr. ).
SELF-SATISFACTION, admiratio sui (after Nepos, Iph., 5, 1) : immodica sui æstimatio : vana or arrogans de se persuasio : nimius sui suspectus (Seneca, Ben., 2, 26, 1).
SELF-SATISFIED, sibi valde placens (Petr., 126, 9) : immodicus sui æstimator (Curtius, 8, 1, 22).
SELF-TAUGHT, qui artem literis sine interprete et sine aliqua institutione percepit (after Cicero, ad Fam., 9, 19, 5). Epicurus used to boast that he was entirely self-taught, Epicurus gloriebatur, se magistrum habuisse nullum
SELF-WILL, animus obstinatus : obstinatio (in anything) alicujus rei (determined perseverance in one’s own way, without listening to advice, etc. ) : pervicacia : animus pervicax (the same, in order to carry a point or achieve a triumph) : pertinacia : (doggedness in maintaining an opinion, etc. ) : animus præfractus (obstinacy) : contumacia (untractableness).
SELF-WILLED, obstinatus : pervicax : pertinax
: præfractus : contumax [SYN. in SELF-WILL]. A self-willed man, homo qui nimium sui juris sententiæque est
SELFISH, suo commodo or privatæ (domesticæ) utilitati serviens : qui suis commodis metitur omnia : qui suis commodis inservit : qui sua cupiditate, non utilitate communi, impellitur (Cicero, Off., 1, 19, 63). To be selfish, suo privato commodo or privatæ (domesticæ) utilitati servire ; ad suum fructum or ad suam utilitatem referre omnia ; id potius intueri, quod sibi, quam quod universis utile sit : to be completely selfish, nihil alterius causa facere, et metiri suis commodis omnia : without any selfish motive, suorum commodorum oblitus ; nulla utilitate quæsita ; innocenter ; sine quæstu
SELFISHLY, propter sui commodi (or lucri) studium : ob aliquod emolumentum suum : illiberaliter : avare. To act selfishly in anything, ad suam utilitatem referre aliquid ; lucri facere aliquid : to be acting selfishly under the mask of patriotism, bonum publicum simulantem pro sua potestate certare (vid. Sallustius, Cat., 38, 3 ; of ministers and public men)
SELFISHNESS, respectus privatarum rerum (Livius) : * privatæ utilitatis studium : * suarum rerum studium : avaritia (avarice). From selfishness, commodi or quæstus sui, or utilitatis suæ causa ; respectu rerum privatarum, or (with reference to pecuniary advantage) pecuniæ causa : to do anything for selfishness, referre aliquid ad utilitatem domesticam : to love anybody without selfishness, amare aliquem nulla utilitate quæsita (Cicero) : without selfishness, integre ; innocenter ; suorum commodorum oblitus (Cicero).
SELL, || Transitively, vendere : divendere (to see in parcels or lots, to see single articles) : venum dare (to expose for sale) : venditare (to offer for sale). To be sold, vendi ; venire (to go for money) ; venum ire (to be exposed for sale). To sell one’s self, se venditare (to undertake a service or burden for pay) ; se auctorare (to bind one’s self, by receiving money, to the performance of a service ; as in the case of a gladiator contracting with the lanista, ad aliquem , ad aliquid) : to sell one’s self to anyone, se vendere alicui (properly, or figuratively) ; pecuniam accipere ab aliquo (to receive a bribe) : to sell one’s country, alicui patriam venditare : to be selling off, divendere ; distrahere ; foras, quidquid habeo, vendo (Plautus, Stich., 1, 3, 67). || Intransitively, vendi : venire
SELLER, venditor : qui, quæ vendit, etc
SELLING, venditio. Vid. SALE
SELVEDGE, limbus
SEMBLABLE, similis. Vid. LIKE
SEMBLANCE, Vid. LIKENESS, PRETENCE
SEMI- (in composition), semi-, or the Greek hemi-, ἡμι-
SEMICIRCLE, hemicyclus (ἡμίκυκλος) and hemicyclium (ἡμικύκλιον), or pure Latin semicirculus : semiorbis : dimidia pars orbis or circuli (general terms) : dimidia circuli forma (as to its form). To describe a semicircle, hemicyclium describere : the rainbow forms a semicircle, arcus fit dimidia circuli forma
SEMICIRCULAR, hemicyclius (ἡμικύκλιος), or, pure Latin, semicirculatus (not semicirculus) ; in semicirculi speciem
SEMIDIAMETER, dimidia pars orbis (Seneca) : radius (line drawn from the circumference to the centre of a circle, Cicero, Un., 6).
SEMINAL, by circumlocution with genitive of semen
SEMINARY, [Vid. SCHOOL. ] Cf., Seminarium = nursery garden (properly and figuratively).
SEMITONE, semitonium (Macrobius, Somn. Scip., 2, 1).
SEMPITERNAL, sempiternus. Vid. ETERNAL
SEMPSTRESS, puella or mulier quæ acu victum quæritat (after Terentius, And., 1, 1, 48).
SENATE, senatus, -ûs. In speaking of this assembly, Cicero says, summum consilium orbis terræ (Phil., 7, 7, 19) ; publicum orbis terræ consilium (Fam., 3, 8, 4). A decree of the Senate, senatus consultum (when formally sanctioned by the tribunes of the people, and so having received the force of law) ; senatus auctoritas (properly, a measure proposed, but not carried, yet sometimes used for senatus consultum) ; senatus or patrum decretum (a decree of the Senate investing magistrates with authority for the discharge of some special duty, or ratifying and giving force of law to decrees of the people) : a sitting of the Senate, conventus senatus ; senatus : to call a Senate, senatum vocare or convocare (to summon) ; senatum cogere (to send for individual members) : to dismiss the Senate, mittere or dimittere senatum : a full Senate, senatus frequens
SENATE-HOUSE, curia
SENATOR, senator. The senators, ordo senatorius ; patres conscripti : the youngest senator, minimus natu ex patrum concilio
SENATORIAL, senatorius.
Senatorial duties, senatoria munera
SEND, || To despatch from one place to another, mittere (general term) : legare (to see on public business). To send away, ablegare (Terentianus) ; dimittere aliquem (Cicero) : to send for, arcessere (implying that the party comes and appears) ; accire aliquem ; aliquem evocare or excire (of magistrates ; to summon anybody to appear before them) : to send help to anybody, auxilium submittere alicui : to send forth, emittere : to send forth, i. e., publish, a book, librum emittere, edere : to send out, mittere ; dimittere ; circummittere (with or without in omnes partes) ; emittere (only as a military term, of the sending out a division of an army against an enemy ; as Cæsar, B. G., 5, 19, 2, essedarios ex sylvis emittebat). || To grant, vid. || To transmit, vid. Cf., In English “to send” must be scribere in reference to sending news, etc., by letter. I hear a somewhat different report from what I sent you in my last, nescio quid aliter audio atque ad te scribebam. To send me (all the news), perscribere (omnes res urbanas, etc. ).
SENIOR, major natu : or major only (opposed to minor natu) : prior : superior (the one who lived first). SENIORITY, ætatis privilegium (Justinus, 2, 10, 12 = primogeniture, Cf., not primogenitura) : or by circumlocution with major natu
SE’NNIGHT, Vid. WEEK
SENSATION, || Properly, Effect produced on the bodily organs, sensus. An agreeable sensation, corporis voluptas : a painful sensation, corporis dolor : to experience agreeable sensations, suaviter affici ; from anything, aliqua re ; voluptate quadam perfundi : anything occasions a painful sensation, dolore affici ex aliqua re ; dolorem percipere ex aliqua re (Cicero) : to have a sensation of anything, sentire aliquid ; sensu alicujus rei commoveri : to be deprived of sensation, sensu carere ; callus sensui obductus est (e. g., of a limb) : to have no sensation of anything, aliqua re non moveri : to have no sensation whatever, omni sensu carere ; omnes sensus exuisse : to have lost all sensation (of limbs, etc. ), torpescere ; obtorpescere ; torpore hebetari (Valerius Max., 3, 8, extr. 6) : to lose the sensation of anything, sensum alicujus rei amittere : no sensation remains in the body, in the soul, nullus residet in corpore or animo sensus : alls, ends with this life, pariter cum vita sensus amittitur ; post mortem sensus nullus est ; mors omnes omnino sensus aufert : when sensation is at an end, sensu perempto. || Figuratively, Emotion of the mind, animi motus. || Popular excitement, turbæ, plural ; motus : to produce a sensation (of a person who is admired), cuivis injicere admirationem sui (Nepos, Iph., 3) : to create a sensation, turbas dare, facere, efficere
SENSE, || The faculty of perception, sensus, -ûs (e. g., oculorum ; videndi, cernendi ; aurium, audiendi). To make any impression on the senses, sensus movere : to soothe the senses, sensibus suaviter blandiri (Cicero) : to be deprived of sense, sensu carere ; sensibus captum esse : beyond the reach of the senses, quod in sensus non cadit ; quod nullo sensu percipi potest : pleasures of sense, voluptates corporis (Cicero, Fin., 1, 18) ; corporales voluptates (Seneca, Ep., 78 ; Cf., not corporeæ, which would be “corporeal, consisting of a body, ” ex corpore constantes, Frotscher ad Muret., 1, 143). || Understanding, mind, mens : animus : plural, senses ; e. g., to be in one’s senses, compotem esse animi (Terentianus), mentis (Cicero) ; apud se esse (Terentianus) ; esse sana mente ; mente constare ; mente bona præditum esse (Cicero) : to be out of one’s senses, mentis non compotem esse (Cicero) ; animi non compotem esse ; non esse apud se (Terentianus) : to lose one’s senses, a mente deseri ; mente capi (Cicero) : to be hardly in one’s senses, dubiæ sanitatis esse : to have lost one’s senses, mente captum esse ; de or ex mente exiisse ; mente alienata esse : to recover one’s senses, ad sanitatem reverti, resipiscere : are you in your senses? sati’n’ sanus es? I am in my senses, mens mihi integra, or sana, est. || Will, animus : mens : voluntas : sensus. To take the sense of the country, populum in suffragium mittere. || Opinion, sententia. || Taste, relish, per ception, gustatus or voluntas alicujus rei (e. g., of beauty) : figuratively by the verb ; e. g., from a sense of their superiority, quum se superiores esse sentiant or sentirent : impressions on the senses [vid. IMPRESSION]. || Meaning, signification, sententia : vis : ratio (Cicero) : sensus (Quintilianus, Phædrus, Seneca, Gellius ; Cf., but sententia is the best word ; vid. Klotz ad Cic., Tusc., 1, 36, 87). To attach a certain sense to a word, sententiam sub aliqua voce subjicere (Cicero) : to ascertain the sense of every passage, cujusque loci sententiam assequi (Wyttenback)
: these words furnish a good sense, * verborum sententia satis bona est (Cf., but not verba fundunt sensum satis bonum, which is not Latin) : the word æmulatio is used in a good or bad sense, dupliciter dicitur æmulatio (Cicero) : this name is found in both a good and a bad sense, nomen in laude et in vitio est (Cicero).
SENSELESS, || Without (external) senses, sensation, etc., sensu carens : sensibus orbatus : attonitus (thunder-struck) : sensus expers : a sensu (or sensibus) alienatus : nihil sentiens (properly, without sensation ; e. g., tollere aliquem sopitum vulnere ac nihil sentientem, Livius, 42, 16). To be senseless, sensu carere ; nihil sentire ; nullius rei sensu moveri ; a sensu abesse or alienatum esse (without sensation) ; durum, ferreum, inhumanum esse ; inhumano esse ingenio (figuratively, unfeeling). || Irrational, vid. || Foolish, silly, insulsus (= in – salsus) : absurdus (foolish, senseless) : ineptus (= in – aptus, without tact and propriety) : inficetus (opposed to facetus : all three of persons or things) : fatuus (weak, foolish ; of persons). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) ineptus et absurdus. Very senseless, perabsurdus : to be senseless, ineptire ; nugari, nugas agere : a senseless expression, verbum inane (not omni sensu carens) :
SENSELESSLY, inepte : stulte : stolide : insulse
SENSIBILITY, || Faculty of perception, [vid. SENSE]. || Tenderness of feeling : vid. SENSITIVENESS
SENSIBLE, || That falls under the cognizance of the senses, sensibus or sub sensus subjectus : sensibus perceptus : quod sentiri or sensibus percipi potest, sensibilis (Cf., not in Cicero, but as early as Vitruvius, 5, 3, 6).
Sensible objects, ea, quæ sub sensus subjecta sunt ; res quæ subjectæ sunt sensibus (both Cicero). || Sensitive, vid. || Of good sense, intelligens : sapiens : prudens. || Persuaded, convinced ; vid. CONVINCE
SENSIBLY, || Perceptibly, ita ut facile percipi possit. || Greatly, vid
SENSITIVE, || Quick of sensation, * facile sentiens (Cf., not sensibilis in this sense). The eye is a very sensitive organ, oculi facile læduntur. || Alive to emotion, mollis ; qui or cujus animus facile movetur. The sensitive plant, * mimosa sensitiva (Linnæus). || Irritable, mollis ad accipiendam otfensionem (e. g., animus, Cicero Att., 1, 17, 2) : irritabilis (excitable) : iracundus : facile excandescens : iram in promtu gerens (irritable ; the latter, Plautus, Pseud., 1, 5, 33). To be (over) sensitive, animo esse molliore ; in aliquo est animus mollis
SENSITIVELY, animo molliore
SENSITIVENESS, animi or naturæ mollitia (Cicero) : * animus molliores sensus facile concipiens : * animus mollior
SENSUAL, ad corpus pertinens, or by the genitive, corporis (of the body ; of things) : voluptatibus corporis deditus (given to sensual pleasure) : libidinosus (delivering one’s self up to sensual pleasure ; of persons).
Sensual pleasure, corporis voluptates ; voluptates ad corpus pertinentes ; res venereæ (with reference to love) : sensual love, amor venereus : sensual desires, libidines : to be sensual, voluptatibus plurimum tribuere ; omnia ad corporis voluptatem referre : to have a sensual effect (of things), sensus movere or pellere
SENSUALITY, voluptas or voluptates corporis : corpus (the body or flesh, as the seat of sensual desires) : temeritas (opposed to ratio).
SENSUALLY, molliter ; or by the adjective. To be sensually inclined, corpori servire ; voluptatibus corporis deditum esse ; servum libidinum esse
SENTENCE, s., || Judgement, judicatio (Cicero, Tusc., 4, 11, 26) : arbitrium (the decision of an umpire ; then any decision) : decretum (a legal opinion) : responsum ac decretum : judicium (sentence of a judge) : decisio (the decision of a person conversant with a matter) : pronunciatio (the pronouncing of a judicial sentence ; Cicero, Cluent., 20, 56 ; Petronius, 80, 7) :
Sentence of condemnation, damnatorium judicium ; * sententia, qua aliquis capitis condemnatur (of death) : to pronounce sentence of condemnation on anybody (i. e., of condemnation to death), capitis or capite damnare aliquem ; capitis condemnare aliquem ; supplicium constituere in aliquem : to give or pass sentence, respondere ; responsum dare or edere (general term) ; decernere (to give a decision on any subject ; of magistrates or private persons) ; oraculum dare, edere, fundere (of an oracle) ; judicare ; sententiam dicere (of a judge) ; disceptare ; arbitrari (as an umpire ; the latter, Scævola, Dig., 4, 8, 44, and Paullus, Dig., 6, 1, 35) : to reverse a sentence, rem judicatam rescindere (Cicero) : to leave or refer to the sentence of anyone, arbitrio alicujus permittere ; subjicere ; conferre ad arbitrium alicujus : a definitive sentence, * sententia, qua omnis controversia dirimitur, or qua lis dijudicatur (Cf., in the late Latin of the lawyers, sententia terminalis, Code Justinian, 4, 31, 14) : to pass a definitive sentence, litem dijudicare (vid. Horatius, Od. 3, 5, 54). || Opinion, vid. || Period, sententia (e. g., sententiam detornare ; Gellius) : periodus. Vid. PERIOD
SENTENCE, v., damnare or condemnare aliquem (with either genitive of the crime, if that is mentioned, with or without nomine or crimine, or with de and ablative : the punishment, however, is generally put in the genitive, seldom in the ablative, or with ad or in with accusative ; vid. Zumpt, § 447). To sentence anybody to death, aliquem capite, or capitis damnare or condemnare ; aliquem pœnæ capitalis damnare ; aliquem morti addicere : to sentence anybody to eightfold damages, aliquem octupli damnare : to sentence anybody to hard labor, aliquem damnare ad or in opus publicum : to sentence to pay the costs, damnare in expensas : to sentence anybody without trial, or unheard, aliquem indicta causa damnare or condemnare
SENTENTIOUS, sententiosus (Cicero).
SENTENTIOUSLY, sententiose
SENTIENT, sensu præditus ; also, patibilis (e. g., natura, Cicero, N. D., 3, 12, init. ).
SENTIMENT, ingenium : natura (natural character or disposition) : animus (mental or spiritual power or energy) : sensus (inclinations and feelings) : ratio (manner of thinking) : voluntas (will or inclination) : mens (mind). Also by circumlocution ; e. g., quæ animo volvo, cogito (what I think), or quæ sentio (what I feel). Kind, friendly sentiment, animus benignus, benevolus, amicus ; toward anybody, in aliquem ; also, studium alicujus ; benevolentia erga aliquem : hostile sentiment, animus infestus ; toward anybody, in aliquem or alicui ; odium alicujus or in aliquem (hatred) : noble sentiment, mens liberalis : to find out anybody’s sentiment, in alicujus sensum intrare : to endeavor to find out anybody’s real sentiment, alicujus animum tentare : to discover one’s sentiment, alicui sensus suos aperire : to conceal one’s real sentiment, sensus suos penitus abdere : to adhere to one’s sentiment, in sententia sua permanere ; sententiam suam non mutare ; de sententia sua non decedere : to change one’s sentiment, animi judicium, or consilium, or sententiam mutare : these are our sentiments, hæc mens nostra est. || In rhetoric, thought (in contradistinction to expression), cogitatio (the act of thinking, and also that which is thought in concreto) : cogitatum (that which is thought). || Opinion, opinio (in as far as it rests on anything presumed) : sententia (opinion either kept to one’s self or expressed ; especially if grounded on certain reasons ; then also = memorable thought).
SENTIMENTAL, * qui, quæ, animi motibus nimis indulget. To be sentimental, animo esse molliore : * nimia animi mollitia laborare ; * animi motibus præter modum indulgere
SENTIMENTALITY, * nimis molles animi sensus ; (* nimia) animi or naturæ mollitia
SENTINEL, excubitor (Cæsar) : miles stationarius (Ulpianus) : statio (Cæsar, sentinels placed at the gates as outposts) : excubiæ (Tacitus, especially before a palace, as guards of honor, etc. ) : vigil (by night, Livius ; collectively vigiliæ). To place sentinels, disponere excubias (Tacitus), stationes (Cæsar). Also, in a wider sense, custos : speculator
SENTRY, || A sentinel, vid. || Watch guard, excubiæ (plural), statio [SYN. in SENTINEL] : vigiliæ (plural, by night). To keep sentry, excubare (Cicero) ; excubias agere (Suetonius) ; in statione esse (Cæsar) ; stationem habere, agere (Livius).
SEPARABLE, dividuus (that can be divided into separate parts) : separabilis (that can be disjoined or disconnected from some other thing). To be separable, dividi, or separari, or disjungi posse. SYN. in SEPARATE
SEPARATE, adjective, separatus (apart) : privus (single, alone) : disjunctus, sejunctus (disjoined). Each has his separate seat and his separate dish, separatæ singulis sedes et sua cuique mensa : to conclude a separate treaty (of peace), suum consilium ab reliquis separare (vid. Cæsar, B. G. 7, 63).
SEPARATE, v., ||Transitively, dividere (to divide, so that the parts maybe distinguished from each other) : dirimere (to dissolve the connection between things, to break a line of continuity) : separare (to part one thing from another, so that it ceases to have any connection with it ; opposed to conjungere) : sejungere : disjungere (to cause those things to be distinct which otherwise would be united ; Cf., abjungere for sejungere is classical, but very rare, Cicero, Att., 2, 1 ; Cæsar, B. G., 7,
57, Krebs) : segregare (properly, to take out of a flock ; hence, to remove, part) : secernere (especially what is pure or good from the impure and bad) : semovere (to put aside) : secludere, discludere (to separate by anything placed between ; e. g., of mountains or rivers which separate countries). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) semovere et discludere : to separate one’s self from anybody, se sejungere ab aliquo : to separate one’s self from human society, * ab hominum consuetudine se removere ; hominum consuetudini se excerpere (Seneca, Ep., 5, 2). That can be separated, separabilis. || Intransitively, solvi : dissolvi : sejungi : discedere. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) discedere ac sejungi
SEPARATELY, separatim (apart ; opposed to conjunctim) : seorsum (singly ; opposed to una) : singulatim or singillatim (one by one) : singulariter (alone before others). Frequently, however, the English adverb, when used in reference to persons, is expressed by the adjectives solus (alone ; opposed to several) and singuli (each one singly, one after the other) ; e. g., to ask each separately, de aliquo solo quærere. I will answer each separately, singulis respondebo. If ” separately” be = “apart, aside, ” and belong to the verb, it is usually expressed by a verb compounded with se ; as, to place separately, seponere : to shut up separately, secludere. κυρικιμασαηικο SEPARATION, sejunctio (ab aliqua re) ; disjunctio (alicujus rei) ; separatio (alicujus rei) ; discessus : digressus, digressus et discessus (of persons). SYN. in SEPARATE
SEPARATIST, * qui secreta or privata sacra colit, sequitur
SEPTEMBER, mensis September (Cicero) ; September (Varro, L. L. ). The Calends (Nones, Ides) of September, Calendæ (Nonæ, Idus) Septembres
SEPTENARY, numerus septenarius
SEPTENNIAL, septennis (Plautus) ; septem annorum : septimo quoque anno factus (or other suitable participle of what is done every seven years).
SEPTUAGENARY, septuaginta annorum : annos septuaginta natus (septuagenarius, Pand. ).
SEPULCHRAL, sepulcralis (Ovidius) ; sepulcro similis, or otherwise by circumlocution with the substantive.
SEPULCHRE, sepulcrum (Cicero) ; conditorium (Plinius, Ep., Suet. ) : tumulus (a mound, barrow). SYN. and PHR., in GRAVE
SEPULTURE, sepultura, humatio (interment) : funus, exsequiæ (funeral rites). To refuse sepulture, aliquem sepultura prohibere
SEQUEL, exitus : eventus (differ nearly as our “event” and “result, ” Cicero, Invent., 1, 28, 42. eventus est alicujus exitus negotii, in quo quæri solet, quid ex quaqua re evenerit, eveniat, eventurum sit ; hence, also, exitus eventusque ; eventus atque extius) : finis (the end).
SEQUENCE, ordo : series (sequela, late). Vid. also, ORDRE.
SEQUESTER,
SEQUESTRATE, || To set aside from the use of the owner, apud sequestrum or sequestrem ponere or deponere ; in sequestro or in sequestri ponere or deponere ; sequestro dare goods or merchandise) : * in usum creditorum administrandum curare (an estate). || To set aside, aliquid seponere : to see one’s self, hominum consuetudini se excerpere (Seneca, Ep., 5, 2) ; * ab hominum consuetudine se removere
SEQUESTRATION, sequestratio (Codex Theodosianus, 2, 28, 1). SEQUIN, * numus aureus Venetus : * sequinus (technical term).
SERAPH, seraphus (ecclesiastical, technical term). SERENADE, s., * concentus nocturno tempore factus
SERENADE, v., aliquem fidium ac tibiarum cantu honorare (with a full band) : * aliquem vocis ac fidium cantu honorare (when a single singer accompanies himself on an instrument).
SERENE, serenus (clear, cloudless ; of the sky and weather ; rarely figuratively in prose ; as Cicero, Tusc., 3, 15, 31, frons tranquilla et serena) : sudus (not damp or rainy ; of the atmosphere and weather) : clarus, pellucidus (clear, transparent ; of glass, etc. ) : tranquillus (of internal tranquillity) : lætus : hilaris or hilarus (cheerful ; opposed to tristis, of persons). A serene sky, serenum : serenitas : sudum. In a serene sky, sereno ; serenitate ; ubi serenum, sudum est.
Serene highness, serenitas (us a title of the emperors, Vegetius). SERENITY, serenitas (only properly) : hilaritas (gayety). Imperturbable serenity of disposition, * immota animi tranquillitas. Vid. also, the adjective
SERF, Vid. SLAVE, VASSAL
SERGE, * pannus crassior
SERGEANT, apparitor : accensus (an inferior officer, of magistrates) : perhaps optio ; or princeps decurionum ; instructor cohortis (in the army) : causidicus ; patronus ; actor causarum (at law).
Sergeant at arms, accensus
SERIES, series (a succession of things) : ordo (a row of things, with reference to their local relation to each other) : tenor (an unbroken line, continuity). A series of defeats, continuæ clades
SERIOUS, severus : serius (severus, that causes no mirth ; serius, that contains or has no mirth. The former is used by classical writers of persons, and then, figuratively, of things ; e. g., when things are represented with reference to the impression which they make ; as, severa oratio ; while seria oratio would be a speech seriously meant : severus also refers to seriousness of disposition) : gravis (of dignified gravity ; said of persons or things). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) gravis seriusque (e. g., res, Cicero, Off., 1, 29, 103) : austerus (austere ; serious in countenance or deportment ; opposed to jucundus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) austerus et gravis ; tristis (gloomy, sad). To write anything serious, gravius aliquid scribere : to assume a serious look, vultum ad severitatem componere ; vultum componere : to talk in a serious tone to anybody, severe sermonem cum aliquo conferre (cf. Titinn., ap. Non., 509, sq. ). SERIOUSLY, severe : serio, extra jocum (without joke) : ex animo (from the heart) : graviter (with dignity or gravity).
SERIOUSNESS, severitas : gravitas : austeritas [SYN. in SERIOUS]. A gloomy seriousness, tristis severitas : tristitia. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tristitia et severitas
SERMON, * oratio quæ de rebus divinis habetur ; * oratio de rebus divinis habita (but not concio sacra). A sermon on a gospel, or an epistle, * ratio, qua explanatur pericope evangelica, epistolica : to preach a sermon [vid. To PREACH] : to attend or hear a sermon, * orationem, quæ de rebus divinis habetur, audire : to attend sermons constantly, * numquam a Christianorum sacris abesse. || Improperly, * oratio severa, aspera, or acris : verborum castigatio. To preach anybody a sermon, aliquem verbis castigare ; graviter invehi in aliquem ; aliquem graviter monere (i. e., to rebuke severely).
SEROUS, serosus (of serum) : * sero similis (like serum). SERPENT, || Properly, serpens (general term) : anguis (a large, formidable serpent) : coluber (a small serpent) : draco (poetical) : anguiculus (a little serpent). A serpent’s cast-off skin or slough, auguina pellis (Cato) ; spolium serpentis (Plautus) ; exuviæ serpentis (Vergilius, Æn., 2, 473). The sting of a serpent, ictus serpentis : bite of a serpent, morsus anguis (Cicero). || Figuratively, A crafty or treacherous person, homo versutus, astutus, fallax, fraudulentus. || A kind of fire-work, * draco volans igneus
SERPENTINE, anguineus : colubrinus (only figuratively, Plautus) ; or by the genitive, anguis, draconis, serpentis, anguium, etc. ; in modum serpentis (serpentinus, Ambrosius). SERUM, serum (Plinius).
SERVANT, servus (a slave ; opposed to dominus) : puer (especially a young slave) : famulus (one who serves in the house, a domestic) : minister (a helper) : stator, apparitor (a magistrate, officer ; the former in the provinces, the latter at Rome) : pedissequus, a pedibus (a lackey, footman). Your most humble and obedient servant (in letter-writing), tui studiosissimus or observantissimus. A female servant, famula (general term, a female domestic) : ancilla (a maid) : ministra (an assistant) : ministra et famula. A good servant, famulus bonæ frugi (Plautus). The servants, a set of servants, ministerium, or, plural, ministeria (Cf., of the Silver Age) : famuli, ministri (the servants ; familia is the whole household) : my, thy servants, mei, tui, etc. (vid. Plinius, 1, 4, 3) : servants of state, public servants, ministerium aulicum (courtiers, late) : qui publicis muneribus funguntur ; qui publica munera administrant (ministers of state). SERVE, || To render service, servire alicui or apud aliquem (especially as a slave) : alicui famulari, ex alicujus famulatu esse, in famulatu or in ministerio alicujus esse, ministerium alicui facere (as a servant for hire) : in alicujus operis esse, operam suam alicui locavisse (to be a day-laborer) : alicui apparere (as a secretary, or magistrate’s officer) : alicui or alicujus rebus adesse (in a court of justice, as an advocate ; opposed to alicui abesse) : aliquem colere, venerari (to serve with reverence ; as, God) : militare : merere ; stipendia facere or merere (mereri) ; stipendia merere in bello (to do military service). To serve on horseback, on foot, equo (equis), pedibus merere ; equo (equis), pedibus stipendia facere (merere). To serve for pay, mercede apud aliquem militare : to serve under anybody, aliquo imperatore or imperante, sub aliquo merere ; sub aliquo or sub signis alicujus
militare ; alicujus castra sequi. To serve with anybody, militare cum aliquo ; cum aliquo in castris esse : we have served together, eum commilitonem habui ; simul militavimus. He had served thirty-five years, quinque et triginta stipendia fecerat : to serve out one’s time, emereri (general term) : stipendia conficere or emereri (of soldiers) : to have already served out his year, annuum tempus jam emeritum habere : to have served out one’s time, rude donatum esse (properly, of gladiators ; then figuratively and facete also of others, Horatius, Ep., 1, 1, 2, Schmid. ) : stipendiis or militia functum esse (of soldiers). || To show favors or civil attentions to anybody, alicui servire, deservire, inservire ; alicui adesse, præsto esse (to assist, to be ready to help in time of need) : alicui gratum facere, gratificari (to show kindness to anybody) : to serve one in anything, aliquem juvare aliqua re (to help with anything) : commodare alicui aliquid (to lend). || To be useful to or for anything, esse (with a dative ; also with a genitive of the participle future passive, and of a substantive) : prodesse (to be good for anything) : usui or ex usu esse, utilem esse (to be useful or serviceable) : utilitatem habere or afferre (to have or bring advantage) : conducere, juvare (to be conducive, to aid) : valere contra aliquid, mederi alicui rei, facere ad aliquid (to be of service as a remedy against anything ; of medicines) : to serve as an alleviation, levationem facere ; levamentum præstare
SERVICE, || Duty or benefit rendered, work performed, opera, -æ, feminine ; officium (from politeness or kindness) : beneficium (a kindness, act of friendship, etc. ) : usus : utilitas (advantage accruing from an act of service) : to perform or render service to anybody, operam alicui navare, dare, dicare (to work for) : alicui gratum facere, gratificari ; officia alicui præstare, in aliquem conferre (to show kindness to) : alicui prodesse (to be useful to ; also of medicines) : to do service to the state, reipublicæ operam præbere. A person does me excellent service, optima alicujus datur opera ; mirabiles mihi præbet utilitates : to offer one’s services, offerre se si quo usus operas est ; to or in anything, ad aliquid operam suam profiteri. To be always ready to render anybody important services, utilitatibus alicujus parere. To be able to dispense with the services of anybody, alicujus utilitatibus carere posse. I am quite at your service, cupio omnia quæ vis (poetical) ; ad omnia quæ velis præsto adero (cf. Cicero, ad Fam., 4, 8, 3). Everything I have is at your service, * omnia mea tibi patent, parata sunt. || The work or duty of a soldier, militia (general term) : res militaris (general term, everything that belongs to the soldier and his duties) : munus militiæ (the obligation under which one lies to serve as a soldier) : munus belli, munus militare (a single duty belonging to service in war, or in the field ; hence munera belli or militaria, military service as denoting the single duties of a soldier). To learn military service, militiam or rem militarem discere ; militiam edoceri : capable of military service, homo ætate militari (in respect of age ; Tacitus, Ann., 2, 60, 3 ; cf. Livius, 22, 11) : qui arma ferre or qui munus militiæ sustinere potest (in respect of strength ; cf. Cæsar, B. G., 6, 18 ; Livius, 1, 44) : not to be capable of service, ad arma inutilem esse : to call out all who are capable of service, omnem militarem ætatem excire (Livius, 7, 7). To declare anybody capable of military service, aliquem probare (cf. Trajanus, ap. Plin. Ep., 42) : to enter upon military service, militiam capessere (to undertake) : nomen dare militiæ, or, from the context, simply nomen dare (to enlist : Cf., not nomen profiteri) : to enter military service as a volunteer, voluntariam extra ordinem profiteri militiam (Livius, 5, 7) : to enter military service under anybody, ad aliquem militatum ire or abire : to be in the service of anybody (as a mercenary), apud aliquem (e. g., apud Persas) mercede militare : to do military service [vid. To SERVE (as a soldier)] : to release or dismiss anybody from military service, militia solvere aliquem (Tacitus, Ann., 1, 44, 4). To be free from military service, militia immunem esse ; militia or munere militiæ vacare ; militiæ vacationem habere : to quit service (of soldiers), * discedere ab armis ; * missam facere militiam : (of servants), * divertere ab hero. || Office, business, ministerium (as, of a scribe, lictor, etc. ) : munus, officium, provincia (a public office). To discharge a service, ministerio, munere fungi. || Condition of a servant, servitus : servitium : famulatus (of a domestic service). || Benefit, advantage, lucrum : fructus : commodum : emolumentum : utilitas : usus : [SYN. in GAIN. ] To be of service, utilitatem, or usum afferre, or habere, or præbere ; usui esse : prodesse : conducere (to be advantageous), all with alicui, to anybody ; also, ex usu esse (to be of use) or usui esse : to be of great service, magnæ utilitati esse ; magnam utilitatem afferre ; plurimum or valde prodesse : to be of little service, non multum prodesse : to be of too little service, parum prodesse : to be of service to anybody, esse ex usu alicujus ; esse ex aliqua re or in rem alicujus (to be profitable to anybody) : alicui prodesse (to be in favor of anybody, of persons and also of things, profitable to anybody) : aliquem juvare (to help anybody on) : alicui adesse (to assist anybody by advice and by deed, both of persons). To be of little service to anybody, longe alicui abesse (of a thing). To try to be of service to anybody, alicui non deesse (not to leave anybody in the lurch) : alicui favere (to assist him by one’s influence). To make anybody to be of service to us, alicujus animum conciliare et ad usus nostros adjungere. To be of service to others by one’s own knowledge, and the insight one has of things in general, suam intelligentiam prudentiamque ad hominum utilitatem conferre. To be of service to the state by the experience one has acquired, consilio et prudentia rem publicam adjuvare : to be of no service, nihil prodesse [vid. also, “to no PURPOSE”]. || Public office of devotion, Dei cultus : divinus cultus (divine worship, in general) : res divinæ (anything relating to that worship) : sacra, nominative plural (everything respecting the outer worship, sacrifice, etc. ). To read the service, sacra procurare : sacris operari : res divinas rite perpetrare (in the sense, at least, of the ancients) ; also, facere sacra publica : to be at the service, sacris adesse (of the people) : rebus divinis interesse (of the minister) : belonging to the service, ad Dei cultum (or ad res divinas or ad sacra) pertinens. || (At table) set of dishes, etc., synthesis (Statius, Sylv., 4, 9, 44 ; Mart., 4, 46, 15) : ferculum (a course of dishes ; Petronius, Suetonius ; missus, a course, late Latin).
SERVICE-TREE, sorbus : * sorbus aucuparia (Linnæus).
SERVICEABLE, utilis (useful ; Cf., not conducibilis in good prose) : saluber, salutaris (wholesome) : efficax (efficacious) : commodus, accommodatus, aptus (fit) : to be serviceable to, adjuvare aliquem , adjutorem (feminine, adjutricem) esse alicui, adjumento esse alicui (general term, to help, support) ; auxiliari alicui, auxilio esse alicui (to aid or help one in need) ; sublevare aliquem or aliquid (properly, to raise one up) ; consulere alicui (to consult the good of anybody). To be serviceable to a person in any matter, adjuvare aliquem or adjutorem (adjutricem) esse alicui in aliqua re or ad aliquid (general term, to assist) : commodare alicui operam suam ad aliquid (to lend one’s help to anything) : in re alicui non deesse (not to withdraw one’s aid) : sublevare aliquid aliqua re (to lighten or render easy ; e. g., fugam alicujus pecunia). He has been serviceable to me for that purpose, ejus opera consecutus sum, quod optabam
SERVICEABLENESS, Vid. UTILITY
SERVICEABLY, Vid. USEFULLY
SERVILE, || Properly, servllis. || Figuratively, humilis, illiberalis, abjectus (e. g., animus) : servile, imitators, servum pecus imitatorum (Horatius, Ep., 1, 19, 19) : servile imitation, servilis imitatio (Ruhnken).
SERVILELY, || Properly, serviliter. ||Figuratively, humiliter : illiberaliter : abjecte
SERVILITY, humilitas : illiberalitas : Or by the adjective
SERVITUDE, servitus : servitium : jugum (oppressive servitude, a yoke). To deliver from servitude, aliquem ex servitute in libertatem vindicare : jugum servitutis alicui demere : to free one’s self from servitude, servitium or jugum exuere ; jugo se exuere ; jugum servile a cervicibus dejicere
SESAME, * sesamum orientale (Linnæus).
SESSION, sessio (a sitting) : consessus (the same ; of several). A session of the Senate, senatus (Cf., not sessio senatus).
SET, v., || To put, place, rem in loco ponere : locare : collocare : statuere : constituere. To set on, imponere in : to set on the table, ponere, collocare aliquid in mensa : to set foot into a place, pedem inferre in aliquem locum : never to set foot in anybody’s house again, numquam postea limen alicujus superare, subire. You are not suffered to set fool in your province, prohibiti estis in provincia, vestra pedem ponere (Cicero) : to set one’s foot upon anything, pedem imponere alicui rei : to set up a trophy, tropæum ponere (Nepos), statuere (Cicero). To set a boundary or limit, terminum ponere (Tacitus), pangere (Cicero). [Vid. also, PLACE. ] || To appoint, constitute,
statuere : constituere. [Vid. APPOINT. ] || To prescribe, præfinire: præscribere. || To plant, Vid. || To replace (a limb), in sedem suam compellere or reponere ; reponere ; in suas sedes (or in suam sedem) excitare (Celsus, 8, 10). To set a broken hip, coxam fractam collocare (Plinius, Ep., 2, 1, 5). Not to set it well, parum apte collocare aliquid (e. g., coxam fractam, Plinius, loc, cit. ). || To inclose (in gold, etc. ), circumdare ; circumcludere aliquid aliqua re ; marginare aliquid (to put in a frame). To set in gold, auro includere (e. g., smaragdos, Lucretius) ; aliquid a labris circumcludere auro or argento (to surround with gold or silver at the edge ; e. g., cornu, Cæsar B. G., 6, 28). To set a stone in a ring, funda claudere or includere gemmam. || To variegate by something placed or fixed in anything, instruere, exstruere aliquid aliqua re (to furnish copiously or sufficiently with) : ornare, adornare aliquid aliqua re (furnish, adorn with anything) : distinguere (to set with things which attract observation by their color and brilliancy). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) distinguere et ornare. || PHR. To set bounds to, terminis circumscribere ; terminos statuere alicui rei ; terminos, modum, ponere alicui rei : to set fire to, succendere : to set one’s mind on anything, ad aliquid animum adjicere : to set to music, aptare : to set a net, rete ponere : to set a dog on anybody, instigare canem in aliquem : to set in order, disponere [vid. ARRANGE] : to set a price on, pretium imponere alicui rei : to set sail [vid., SAIL]. To set to [vid. APPLY, FIGHT]. || In composition : to set about [vid. BEGIN, UNDERTAKE]. To set against [vid. OPPOSE]. To set aside [vid. OMIT, REJECT, ABROGATE]. To set by [vid. REGARD, ESTEEM]. To set down (= put down by a severe speech), verbis castigare [vid. REGISTER, FIX, ESTABLISH, DEGRADE]. To set forth [vid. PUBLISH, DISPLAY, REPRESENT, SHOW]. To set forward [vid. ADVANCE, PROMOTE]. To set in [vid. BEGIN, COME]. To set off [vid. ADORN, COMMEND]. To set on [vid. INCITE, ATTACK]. To set out [vid. ADORN, DISPLAY]. To set up [vid. ERECT, ESTABLISH, APPOINT, FIX]. To set upon [vid. ATTACK, PUT]
SET, v., || Intransitively, (Of the heavenly bodies), occidere : obire : abire. The sun is near his setting, jam ad solis occasum est : the sun sets, sol occidit : nox appetit (night draws on).
SET IN (as a tide), se incitare ; (as the spring), appetere. [Vid. COME].
SET OUT [vid. DEPART]
SET, adjective || Formal, regular, vid. A set speech, oratio bene commentata ; oratio meditata et composita ; oratio apparata, or apparata et composita. κυρικιμασαηικο SET, s., || Number of things suited to each other, ordo (or mostly by circumlocution ; e. g., a set of horses, equorum jugum ; equi juncti, jugales). A set of dishes, synthesis. || Preparation for an attack, saltus ; impetus [vid. ATTACK]. || A layer, propago
SETLING, talea : clavŭla (Varro) : viviradix (Cicero) : surculus : malleolus (Columella).
SETON, fonticulus. To make or open a seton, fonticulum aperire quo corruptus humor exeat ; fonticulo aperto evocare corruptum humorem (corruptum humorem evocare is found in Celsus, 2, 17).
SETTEE, sedes : sedile
SETTER (dog), canis avem faciens (after Seneca, Exc. Controv. 3, p. 397, 24, ed. Bip. ) : * canis avicularius : canis venaticus (general term).
SETTING, occasus (of any of the heavenly bodies) : obitus (of the moon and stars). At the setting of the sun, sole occidente ; prima vesperi : from the rising to the setting of the sun, ab ortu solis ad occasum : the sun is near its setting, jam ad solis occasum est
SETTLE, v., Transitively, || To fix, establish, statuere : constituere : componere. || To adjust amicably, e. g., differences, etc., componere : dirimere : cum bona gratia componere : controversias componere, minuere (the latter in Cæsar, B. G., 7, 23, Herz. ). || To calm, tranquillare (e. g., animos) : sedare (to make quiet, to appease ; e. g., anger, etc. ) : placare (to assuage) : permulcere (to appease by caresses, etc. ) : lenire (to cause to abate : e. g., anger, fear, etc. ) : to settle anybody’s mind by exhortations, remonstrances, etc., alicujus animum verbis confirmare : by consolations, aliquem solari ; aliquem or animum alicujus consolatione lenire, permulcere : to become settled, acquiescere ; consolatione se lenire (by consoling one’s self). || To arrange finally (a business), finire aliquid, finem facere or imponere alicui rei (to end or finish anything) : conficere aliquid (to effect, accomplish, complete ; but conficere cum aliquo de re, to finish a business with anybody, to close with anybody about a thing) : negotium procurare (on behalf of another) : aliquid transigere, decidere, transigere atque decidere (with anyone, cum aliquo, especially by agreement) : disceptare aliquid (to decide, especially after a previous examination of proof on both sides). To settle an account, rationem expedire, solvere, exsolvere. To settle one’s family accounts, rationes familiares componere. To settle a dispute, controversiam dirimere, disceptare, dijudicare (to adjust, as a judge) ; componere litem (to come to an arrangement ; of the contesting parties) : to settle anything amicably with a person, aliquid cum aliquo sua voluntate decidere ; aliquid alicujus voluntate transigere : not to settle a matter, rem in medio or integram relinquere. ||To occupy with colonists, etc., colonos or coloniam deducere aliquo (in one’s own person) : coloniam mittere in locum (to send out a colony) : to settle one’s self as a colonist, domicilium or sedem stabilem et domicilium collocare ; domicilium constituere ; locum aliquem sedem sibi deligere (Cf., not considere aliquo loco ; i. e., to remain fixed in a place). Intransitively, || To subside, residgre ; subsidere. || To light or fix one’s self upon, assidere in aliquo loco : considere aliquo loco : devolare in aliquem locum (of a bird) : in terram decidere (Ovidius). || To become fixed, in re adhærere or manere. || To take up one’s abode, domicilium collocare or constituere aliquo loco (not considere aliquo loco in this sense). || To marry, vid
SETTLE, s., sedes : sedile
SETTLED, participial adjective, certus (sure, certain) : exploratus (found sure) : perspectus, cognitus et perspectus (fully perceived) : confessus (confessed, placed beyond all doubt). A settled thing, res confessa : it is a settled point with philosophers, inter omnes philosophos constat : it was spoken of as a settled thing, constans fama erat : as if it were a settled thing that, etc., quasi id constet : the matter is not yet settled, adhuc sub judice lis est (Horatius). It is settled, exploratum, certum, manifestum et apertum est ; constat inter omnes ; omnes in eo conveniunt : to consider as settled, pro explorato habere
SETTLEMENT, || Arrangement, constitutio ; institutio ; ordinatio (act of settling) : constitumm, institutum (matter adjusted or settled). || Adjustment of an account, rationes confectæ et consolidatæ (if the settlement has taken place), or conficiendæ et consolidandæ (if it be yet to take place) : after a settlement of accounts, ratione subducta ; rationibus confectis et consolidatis. To have a settlement of accounts with anybody, putare rationem cum aliquo ; calculum ponere cum aliquo ; alicui rationem reddere (of the debtor) : aliquem vocare ad calculos (of the creditor). || A colony, colonia ; coloni, plural, (the colonists) : colonia (the place) : to establish a settlement, coloniam condere, constituere, collocare. || Dregs, fæx : crassamen : crassamentum (Columella) : subsidentia (plural, participle). Vid. SEDIMENT
SETTLER, colonus
SEVEN, septem : septeni, -æ, -a (distributively ; also = seven at once ; especially with substantives that are only used in the plural ; e. g., boys of seven years, pueri septenum annorum : seven letters, epistles, litteræ septenæ ; not literæ septem : i. e., seven letters of the alphabet) : consisting of seven, septenarius (e. g., numerus = number seven ; versus = consisting of seven members ; fistula = a tube which measures seven feet in diameter) : seven feet long, large, etc., septempedalis : seven-twelfth parts of the whole, septunx (e. g., jugeri) : lasting seven years, septennis : a course of seven dishes, synthesis septenaria (Mart., 4, 46, 15). A committee or commission of seven members, septemviri : anything relating to such a commission, septemviralis : a space of seven years, septem anni (septennium late) : once in seven years, septimo quoque anno : seven and a half, septem et semis
SEVEN-FOLD, septuplus : the seven-fold, septuplum (later). Also by septies tantum, quam quantum, etc., e. g., they have reaped seven-fold, septies tantum, quam quantum satum sit, ablatum est ab iis (after Cicero, Verr., 3, 43, 102). Cf., Not to be mistaken for septemplex (i. e., divided into seven parts).
SEVENTEEN, septemdecim (very often in Livy ; only twice in Cicero) ; decem et septem (Livius) ; septem et decern (Cicero) ; decem septemque (Nepos) ; decem septem (Livius, 24, 15) ; (if with a substantive that is used only in the plural) septeni deni ; (distributive) septeni deni : seventeen years old, septendecim annos natus ; septendecim annorum : seventeen times, septies decies
SEVENTEENTH, septimus decimus
SEVENTH, septimus. Every seventh, septimus quisque : for the seventh time,
septimum. One seventh, (pars) septima : two sevenths, duæ septimæ
SEVENTIETH, septuagesimus
SEVENTY, septuaginta : (with a substantive that is used only in the plural) septuageni : (distributive) septuageni : a man seventy years old, homo septuaginta annorum ; septuaginta annos natus (Cicero) ; septuagenarius (Pand. ) :
Seventy times, septuagies
SEVER, Vid. SEPARATE
SEVERAL, || More than one, plures, neuter plura : complures, neuter complura (of which plures always implies comparison with a smaller number ; it may be with two only : complures = an indefinite number of several individuals considered absolutely as forming a whole) : nonnulli. || Different, diversus. Vid. SEPARATE
SEVERALLY, Vid. SEPARATELY
SEVERE, durus ; molestus (troublesome) : gravis (oppressive) : acer (violent, severe) : acerbus (sour, peevish) : iniquus (unjust ; hence oppressive, hard) : austerus (grave) : severus (rigid, strict, harsh) : very severe, atrox (fierce) ; sævus (cruel). A severe battle, prœlium durum (Livius, 40, 16) ; certamen acre ; pugna or prœlium atrox (very severe) : there was a severe battle, acriter or acerrimo concursu pugnabatur : severe toil, labor gravis or molestus : a severe disease, morbus durus, gravis, or periculosus : to have a severe complaint or disease, gravi morbo laborare or conflictari ; graviter ægrotare or jacere : a severe winter, hiems gravis or acris : very severe, hiems atrox or sæva : a severe government, imperium grave, iniquum, or acerbum ; imperii acerbitas : if I should experience a severe stroke (of misfortune, etc. ), si mihi aliquid acerbitatis accident ; si durior acciderit casus. Vid. also, HARSH, STRICT
SEVERELY, || Not gently, harshly, severe ; acriter : acerbe : aspere ; restricte : to judge severely, . severe judicare : to treat severely, severitatem in aliquem adhibeie ; severius adhibere aliquem (Cicero) : to rule severely, acerbiore imperio uti (Nepos). || Carefully, accurately, diligenter ; accurate ; diligentissime ; accuratissime ; severe (Cicero). || Parsimoniously, parce ac duriter
SEVERITY, || Harshness, rigor, severitas (opposed to facilitas ; humanitas ; indulgentia) : rigor : rigor et severitas (opposed to dementia) : duritia : asperitas (roughness) : acerbitas (with the infliction of injury, etc. ) : sævitia (despotic, tyrannical cruelty). || Accuracy, extreme care, diligentia. || Figuratively (Of the weather, etc. ) severitas : asperitas : duritia : severity of the winter, sævitia hiemis (Tacitus) ; rigor hiemis (Justinus) : severity of the cold, vis frigorum (Cicero) ; asperitas, rigor frigorum (Tacitus) : severity of the climate, duritia cœli (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 35).
SEW, suere. To sew on, assuere alicui rei : to sew in, insuere in aliquid : to sew together, sew up, consuere (to sew together) : to sew up a wound, vulnus fibulis consuere ; vulneris oras fibulis or suturis inter se committere (but vulnus alligare is = to bind up a wound) ; obsuere (to stop up by sewing).
SEWER, || One who sews, qui suit, consuit, etc. Cf., Sutor = a cobbler, shoemaker
SEWER, || A drain, etc., emissarium (simply for water ; i. e., a gutter, conduit) : latrina (for filth ; the latrinæ lead into the cloacæ, main sewers) : cloaca (i. e., receptaculum purgamentorum, Livius, 1, 56). To clear out the sewers, cloacas purgare or detergere
SEWING, s., suendi ars (the art of sewing) : usually by circumlocution with the verb
SEX, sexus, -ûs. The male sex sexus virilis : the female sex, sexus muliebris ; sexus femineus (Suetonius, Calig. ) ; genus femineum (Vergilius) ; mulieres, plural, (Plautus). Children of both sexes, liberi utnusque sexus (Suetonius) ; liberi virilis ac muliebris sexus omnes (after Livius, 31, 44, 4). Without any distinction of sex, sine ullo sexus discrimine (Suetonius, Cal., 3). To forget their sex (of a woman), sexum egredi (Tacitus). To make separate baths for the two sexes, lavacra pro sexibus separare (Spart., Hadr., 18, fin. ).
SEXAGENARY, sexagenarius : sexaginta annos natus
SEXTON, perhaps ædituus : æditimus
SEXUAL, by circumlocution with sexus.
Sexual desire, desiderium naturale ; conjunctionis appetitus procreandi causa : sexual intercourse, coitus
SHABBILY, sordide : misere (properly and figuratively). To be shabbily dressed, male vestiri
SHABBINESS, || Properly, by circumlocution with adjective. || Figuratively, Vid. MEANNESS, ILLIBERALITY
SHABBY, || Properly, Mean in dress or appearance, male vestitus : sordidus : pannosus ; pannis obsitus (ragged). || Figuratively, Mean in disposition or conduct, sordidus : vilis : levis
SHACKLE, s., Vid. CHAIN, FETTER
SHACKLE, v., || Properly, catenis vincire or constringere aliquem : catenas alicui indere or injicere. || Figuratively, Vid. FETTER
SHADE,
SHADOW, s., || Properly, Want of light, place not lighted by the sun, umbra (opposed to lux) ; opacitas (opposed to lumen ; e. g., umbra platani, terræ ; opacitas ramorum). To afford or give a shadow, umbram facere (Vergilius), præbere (Seneca, Trag. ) ; umbrare (once, Columella, 5, 7, 2). To repose in the shade, in or sub umbra requiescere : to cast a shadow, umbram jacere, ejaculari (Plinius), afferre (e. g. colles afferunt umbram vallibus, Cicero, De Rep., 2, 6). A thick shade, umbra densa (Horatius), nigra (Luc. ). To be afraid of a shadow, umbras timere (Cicero). To be afraid of one’s own shadow, suam timere umbram (Quintilianus, Cic., Pet., Cons., 2). (proverbially) To throw anybody into the shade, obstruit aliquis luminibus alicujus (Cicero) : to cast anything into the shade, removere et obruere aliquid (opposed to in luce ponere aliquid, or insigne facere aliquid, Cicero). || Figuratively, (in painting) umbra (e. g., ars pictoria invenit lumen et umbras, Plinius ; lumen et umbras custodire, ib. ; in umbris et in eminentia, Cicero). To throw anything into the shade, * aliquid in imagine ita ponere, ut recedat (properly) ; aliquid removere et obruere (figuratively, opposed to aliquid in luce ponere or insigne facere). || A slight or faint trace of anything, umbra (e. g., gloriæ, juris, libertatis) ; adumbrata imago ; imago ; simulacrum ; species (opposed to effigies eminens ; res solida et expressa). || A departed spirit, umbra ; (plural) umbræ (the shades ; also, manes). || Leisure, ease, umbra ; otium. || Protection, umbra ; tutela. || Difference or degree of color, discrimen : there are many shades even in white, in candore ipso magna differentia est : to have a shade of black, nigricare (to be blackish) : nigrescere (to become black) :
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(of violet) in violam vergere, violam sentire, in violam desinere (Plinius). White with a shade of violet, candidus color violam sentiens (Plinius). [Vid. HUE. ]Figuratively, (Of meaning, etc. ) discrimen. To distinguish the nice shades of meaning in words, tennissima discrimina significationum verborum definire. || In painting, umbræ (plural). [Vid. also, SHADING. ] || Protection (for the eyes), * umbraculum oculos a luminis splendore tuens.