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ROAM, vagari : palari (to wander about alone).
ROAN, (* equus) albus maculis albis sparsus.
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ROAR, rudere (Vergilius) ; rugire (Spart. ; of lions) : rudere, vociferari (of men) : mugire, fremere (of thunder) : immugire (of a storm, a volcano) : mugire, immugire (of the sea).
ROARING, mugitus, -ûs.
ROAST, || Transitively, assare (meat, Apicius, 2, 1) ; coquere (general term, to bake dry ; e. g., bread, lime) : torrere, torrefacere, siccare (to dry, scorch ; e. g., fruit) : frigere (to broil, fry ; as eggs in oil, ova ex oleo) : to roast a little or slowly, subassare (Apicius, 4, 2, etc. ) : to roast on a spit, in veru inassare : roasted, assus. ||Intransitively, assari (Appuleius) ; torreri. || Improperly, To roast anybody, calefacere aliquem (to make him hot by attacking him). To roast anybody well, luculente calefacere aliquem (Cicero).
ROAST MEAT, assum : caro assa : assa, -orum, neuter (of several joints).
Roast beef, assum bubulum : roast veal, assum vitulinum.
ROB, privare aliquem aliqua re (to take away anything from a person, so that he suffers loss) : spoliare, (more strongly) despoliare or exspoliare (to strip, deprive of). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) detrahere spoliareque ; spoliare nudareque ; either a person or a thing, aliquem or aliquid, or a person of a thing, aliquem re ; adimere (to take away) : eripere (to snatch away), alicui aliquid ; detrahere (to draw away or from), alicui aliquid, or (more rarely) aliquid de aliquo ; auferre (to carry or take away), alicui aliquid or aliquid ab aliquo : depeculari (to steal from, to pillage, etc. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) spoliare aliquem aliqua re et depeculari : diripere (to plunder towns, etc. ) : expilare, compilare (to rifle) aliquid ; the latter also aliqua re : fraudare aliquem re (to cheat of) : nudare, denudare, exuere aliquem re (to deprive or make bare of anything) : orbare aliquem re (to take anything which is dear to us, as children, hope, etc. ) : multare aliquem re (to take from by way of punishment, to amerce). To rob one of a kingdom, regno aliquem nudare, expellere, multare : to rob one of one’s country, patria aliquem multare, privare, expellere ; in exsilium aliquem ejicere, pellere (by sending him into exile) : to rob one of one’s whole fortune, aliquem omnibus bonis evertere, expellere ; aliquem de fortunis omnibus deturbare : to rob one of one’s children, aliquem orbare liberis ; liberos ab aliquo abstrahere : to rob one of one’s senses or understanding, aliquem deturbare de mente et sanitate : robbed, orbus aliqua re (and most participles of the verbs already given) : robbed of one’s children, liberis orbatus : of the use of one’s limbs, membris captus : of sight and hearing, of one’s understanding, oculis et auribus, mente captus : of hope, spe orbatus.
ROBBER, raptor (one who violently takes away anything specified) : prædo (one who seeks for plunder) : latro (one who robs openly, and with violence) : fur (a thief, one who robs secretly) : pirata (a sea-robber, pirate). A band of robbers, latronum or prædonum globus (or turba, Horatius) ; latrones ; prædones.
ROBBERY, Vid. PLUNDER.
ROBE, s., [Vid. CLOAK, GOWN. ]Gentlemen of thl long robe, homines forenses. Master of the robes, perhaps vestispex (inscriptions). Mistress of the robes, vestispica (Plautus).
ROBE, v., vestem talarem, togam, sibi induere (one’s self) : togam induere alicui or toga induere aliquem (another).
ROBIN, * motacilla rubecula (Linnæus).
ROBING-ROOM, * vestiarium (although this denoted properly a place where clothes were kept, not where they were put on ; vid. Böttiger, Sabin., ii., p. 91).
ROBUST, robustus : validus : firmus : valens : integer. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) robustus et valens : firmus et valens.
SYN. in HEALTHY.
ROBUSTNESS, robur (corporis) : vigor : nervi, plural.
ROCHET, || An episcopal vestment, * rochetum (technical term). || A kind of fish, erythinus (Plinius).
ROCK, s., saxum (general term, any large mass of stone) : rupes (a steep, rugged rock) : scopulus (in prose, a sharp, dangerous rock in the water, a cliff) : cautes (a long, narrow bank of sand or rocks in the sea ; a reef, ridge ; saxa et cautes = rocks and reefs ; Cæsar, B. G., 3, 13 : Cf., petra is a Greek word, and not used by Latin writers in the best age). That is or lives among rocks, saxatilis (e. g., piscis, piscatus) : as firm as a rock, adamantinus : as hard as a rock, saxeus (properly and figuratively) : to strike against a rock, scopulum offendere (properly and figuratively) : to strike or founder on a rock, ad scopulum appellere (navem) ; ad scopulum appelli (the former of persons, the latter of ships ; both also figuratively ; after Cicero, Rab., Perd., 9, 25, nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos appulisses, ad quos Sex. Titii afflictam navem) : ad scopulum allidi (Properly, of ships) : to escape the rocks, scopulos prætervehi (properly and figuratively).
ROCK, v., Transitively, movere. To rock a cradle, cunas infantis movere (Mart. ) : to rock a child to sleep, perhaps * infantem cunis motis sopire, or * cunarum agitatione sopire (properly) ; sopire, securum reddere (figuratively, to render secure and careless) : one that rocks cradles, cunarum motor (Mart., 11, 39, in. : feminine, cunaria, inscriptions). Intransitively, moveri : agitari : jactari.
ROCKET, || A plant, * brassica eruca (Linnæus). || An artificial firework, * missile pyrium : * radius pyrius (Bau. ).
ROCK-SALT, sal fossilis (opposed to marinus, Varro).
ROCKY, saxosus (saxeus rather = stony).
ROD, virga (general term, a long thin twig, etc. ) : fasciculus virgarum, or mostly virgæ, -arum, plural (when composed of several twigs bound together) : ferula (for punishing children). To beat with rods, virgis aliquem cædere (Cicero), variare (Plautus), multare (Livius) : to give a boy the rod, puerum ferula cædere (Horatius), castigare : to be under the rod (figuratively), disciplinæ, imperio alicujus subjectum esse : to use the rod (figuratively), severa disciplina coercere, continere aliquem ; severius adhibere aliquem : a measuring rod, decempeda : a fishing rod, arundo.
ROE, caprea, -æ, feminine.
ROGATION, supplicatio [vid. PRAYER].
Rogation-days, rogationes (technical term) : rogation-week, hebdomas crucium (technical term).
ROGUE, nequam : furcifer. An arrant rogue, trifurcifer (in the earlier comic writers) : caput scelerum (Plautus, Pseud., 4, 5, 3) : princeps flagitiorum (Cicero, Verr., 5, 1, 4). A rogue in grain, homo nequissimus ac sceleratissimus ; or, by circumlocution, homo qui perbibit nequitiam, et ita visceribus immiscuit, ut nisi cum ipsis exire non possit (Seneca, De Ira, 1, 16, 2).
ROGUERY, flagitium : scelus.
ROGUISH, || Bad, wicked, nequam : pravus. [Vid. BAD. ]|| Wanton, petulant, lascivus (e. g., homo, full of roguish tricks) : protervus.
ROLL, v., volvere (transitively) : volvi (intransitively). To roll up or together, convolvere : to roll into a ball, glomerare : to roll up in anything, involvere or obvolvere aliqua re ; amicire aliqua re (e. g., charta) : to roll round anything, involvere circum aliquid ; amicire aliqua re ; circumvolvere aliquid alicui rei : time rolls on, tempus devolvitur, effluit : tears roll down the cheeks, lacrimæ per genas alicujus manant.
ROLL, s., circumactio : circumactus (circular motion) : volumen (that which is rolled up) : chartæ convolutæ (a roll of paper). The roll of a drum, * tympani crebra, continua, pulsatio.
ROLLER, cylindrus (a large cylinder for pressing surfaces and making them smooth) : scapus (a cylinder on which paper, ribbon, etc., is rolled) : phalanga (a cylinder put under a heavy body to assist in moving it) : rotula (a little wheel).
ROLLING, volubilis : Or by the verbs.
ROLLING-PIN, * radius, or * cylindrus parvus.
ROLLS = public documents, tabulæ (general term) : literæ publicæ (archives) : acta publica, or acta only (records of the proceedings of the Senate, magistrates, or people).
ROMAN CATHOLIC, * Romanæ sacrorum formulæ addictus :
Romanæ legis studiosus (after Ammianus, 25, 10, 15) : * pontificis Romani assecla. To turn Roman Catholic, sacra Romana suscipere (of a whole church, after Livius, 1, 7) : * doctrinam pontificis Romani amplecti (of a Church or an individual). To be a Roman Catholic, legis Romanæ studiosum esse (after Ammianus, loc., cit. ) : * Romanæ sacrorum formulæ addictum esse.
ROMANCE, s., It may be necessary to say fabula Romanensis (technical term : fabula Milesia is rather = tale, story). Vid. also, FABLE.
ROMANCE, v., * fabulas or fabulosa narrare : vid. also, BRAG.
ROMANIZE, Vid. “to turn ROMAN CATHOLIC. ” ROMANTIC, fabulosus : fictus (fictitious) [vid., also, FABULOUS] : gratus : amœnus (of place, charming).
Romantic shores and coasts, amœnitates litorum et orarum.
ROMANTICALLY, fabulose : ut in fabulis fit.
ROMP, s., || Rude play, ludus protervus. || A boisterous girl, * puella proterva or lasciva.
ROMP, v., proterve ludere.
ROOD, || A pole, pertica [vid. POLE]. || An image of the cross, * crux sacra.
ROOF, s., || Properly, tectum (general term, especially the outer part of a roof) : cantherii (the inner part, the rafters) : culmen (the highest line of a roof, the ridge ; then also the whole roof ; vid. Livius, 27, 4, ædis culmen Jovis fulmine ictum) : tegulæ (a roof covered with tiles) : tectum scandulare (a roof of shingle ; Appuleius, Met., 3, p. 137, 2) : suggrundium or suggrundatio (a pent-house, eaves) : A building (temple, etc. ) without roof, ædificia hypæthra : to have advanced as far as the roof, ad tectum pervenisse (of a house in course of building) : to keep the roof, etc., of a house in good repair, domum sartam et tectam conservare ; sarta tecta ædium tueri : to blow off the roof, deturbare tectum ac tegulas ; de tecto tegulas deturbare (Plautus) ; tecto nudare. || Figuratively = House ; e. g., to live under the same roof with one, una adesse in unis ædibus (Terentianus, Eun., 3, 2, 76) ; habitare cum aliquo : to welcome anybody under one’s roof, tecto ac domo invitare aliquem (to invite) : hospitio aliquem excipere (to receive) : mœnibus tectisque accipere aliquem, or tectis ac sedibus recipere aliquem (of the inhabitants of a town who give shelter to persons in flight, etc. ).
ROOF, v., tegere, integere, contegere aliqua re ; with wood, scandulis contegere ; with thatch, stramento integere.
ROOFLESS, non tectus (not covered in) : apertus (open).
ROOK, || A bird, * cornix nigra frugilega. || At chess, * turris.
ROOM, || Space, spatium (general term) : intervallum (space between). There is not room enough in the house, domus parum laxa est : to have room for anything (properly), non capere aliquid ; (figuratively) admittere, accipere ; locum dare : plenty of room, laxitas (e. g., in a house ; Cicero, Off., 1, 39, 139). || An apartment, chamber, conclave (room that can be locked up, chamber, dining-room) : cubiculum (room for lounging or reclining in ; but commonly sleeping room) : diæta (any room in which one lives ; e. g., a summer-house with chambers attached) : membrum (chamber, as portion of a house ; apartment) : cubiculum hospitale (dining-room) : cubiculum dormitorium : membrum dormitorium (sleeping room). A side room, cubiculum continens, or junctum et continens, conclavi ; cella minor (a smaller room in general, Vitruvius). || Occasion, opportunity, vid. || Place, vid.
ROOMINESS, laxitas (Cicero).
ROOMY, spatiosus (that occupies a large space) : amplus (of great extent) : laxus (not narrow or confined) : capax (that can hold much). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) spatiosus et capax. A roomy house, spatiosa et capax domus ; laxior domus (Velleius, 2, 81).
ROOST, s., stabulum (avium cohortalium, pavonum, Columella).
ROOST, v., stabulari (Columella).
ROOT, s., || Properly, radix : stirps (the root, with the whole of the lower part of a tree). A little root, radicula. To take root, pull up by the roots ; vid. the verb. || Figuratively, radix : stirps : causa : semen : fons. [Vid. also, CAUSE, ORIGIN. ]|| In grammar, vocabulum primitivum (grammatical).
ROOT (itself), v., radicem or radices agere (also improperly, Cicero, Off., 2, 12, 43), capere or mittere : radicari (only properly) : in radices exire [radicescere only once, Seneca, Ep., 86, fin. ] : insidere : inveterascere (figuratively, to become inveterate ; the former of something suspected ; the latter of a custom or evil). To let anything root itself, favere or alere (figuratively) : the tree is deeply rooted, radices arboris altius descenderunt : to be deeply rooted, altissimis radicibus defixum esse : rooted, radicatus : quod radices egit (properly) : inveteratus : confirmatus : deeply-rooted, penitus defixus (improperly ; of faults, etc. ) : penitus insitus (of an opinion, implanted) : there he stood as if rooted in the ground, defixus stabat (†) : the Gauls stood as if rooted in the earth by fear, pavor defixerat cum admiratione Gallos. || To root out or up, (α) Properly, eradicare : exstirpare : radicitus evellere, extrahere, evellere et extrahere : eruere (dig up) : runcare (hoe up weeds). (β) Figuratively, exstirpare : delere : exstinguere : excidere. To root anything up or out thoroughly, alicujus rei radices evellere et extrahere penitus ; omnes alicujus rei stirpes ejicere ; aliquid funditus tollere. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) exstirpare et lunditus tollere (e. g., superstition ; the last also of faults, passions, etc. ) : e natura rerum evellere (annihilate) : to root out a nation [vid. EXTIRPATE] : to root all human feeling out of anybody’s heart, omnem humanitatem ex animo alicujus exstirpare.
ROPE, funis (a thick rope) : restis (a small rope) : rudens (sail rope) : retinaculum, ora (anchor rope, cable). To stretch a rope, funem extendere : to dance on the tight rope, per funem ingredi (Quintilianus) ; per funem extentum ire (Horatius, Ep. ) ; per extentum funem ponere vestigia (Cicero, Manil. 5, 652).
ROPE-DANCER, funambulus (Terentianus, Suetonius) ; schœnobates (inscriptions) ; by circumlocution, qui meditatus est (i. e., didicit) per extensos funes ire (Seneca, De Ira, 2, 13) ; petaurisra (a vaulter). A rope-dancer’s pole, pertica libratoria. Cf., Halter would be incorrect ; for halteres (ἁλτῆρες) were masses of lead held in the hands in leaping, etc., in order to assist the swing of the arms.
ROPE-MAKER, restio (Plautus, Suetonius) : restiarius (Front. ).
ROPE-WALK, * locus ubi funes texuntur.
ROPE-YARN, * siamen.
ROPY, lentus : tenax : viscosus (Pall. ).
ROSARY, * rosarium (technical term). Vid. also, BEAD.
ROSE, rosa (the plant and the flower) : rosæ flos (the flower). A rose-hed, area rosis consita : of roses, rosaceus : oil of roses, oleum rosaceum or rhodinum (Plinius) ; or rosaceum only : rose-leaf, rosæ floris folium : the scent of roses, odores qui afflantur e rosis (after Cicero, Cat., Maj., 17, 59) ; * odor rosarum : to lie among roses, in rosa jacere (Seneca, Ep., 36, 9) ; vivere in æterna rosa (Mart., 8, 77). Of or belonging to a rose, roseus : rose color, color roseus : roses on the cheeks, color egregius (Cicero, Fin., 2, 20, 64).
ROSE-BUD, calix rosæ.
ROSE-BUSH, rosæ frutex : rosa.
ROSEMARY, rosmarinum or rosmarinus (Plinius, Columella) : libanotis (Plinius).
ROSE-WATER, aqua rosata.
ROSIN, resina.
ROSTRUM, rostra, plural.
ROSY, roseus : rosaceus (made of roses).
Rosy lips, labra quæ rubent rosis (after Mart., 4, 42, 10).
ROT, v., putrescere : putrefieri : putescere or putiscere : vitiari : fracescere (of fruit, especially of olives). To cause to rot, putrefacere.
ROT,
ROTTENNESS, putor : putredo : caries.
SYN. in ROTTEN.
ROTATION, rotatio (Vitruvius, 10, 3) : circumactio (a turning itself round, Vitruvius 9, 8, 15) : in rotation, per ordinem : rotation of crops, ordo culturæ (e. g., hunc ordinem culturæ experti probavimus).
ROTATORY, by circumlocution with verbs in TURN, intransitive.
ROTE, to learn by rote, ediscere : memoriæ mandare, tradere, committere, infigere. To say by rote, memoriter pronunciare, recitare ; ex memoria exponere.
ROTTEN, putidus (of flesh, fruit, etc. ) : putridus (decayed, rotten ; of teeth, a house, etc) : rariosus (eaten away) : vitiatus (spoiled, putrefied ; of flesh, fruit, etc. ) : marcidus (e. g., asser).
ROTUNDA, * ædificium rotundum, rotundatum ;
or ædes in modum circini exstructæ (after Plinius, Ep., 5, 6, 17).
ROTUNDITY, forma rotunda (Cicero) ; rotunditas (Plinius).
ROUGE, s., purpurissum : fucus (non fuco illitus, sed sanguine diffusus color, Cicero).
ROUGE, v., purpurissare (transitively, Plautus) : * purpurisso linere. To have one’s cheeks rouged, buccas belle purpurissatas habere (Plautus) : rouged cheeks, buccæ purpurissatæ (Cicero).
ROUGH, asper (opposed to levis or lenis ; of roughness that causes pain, as of thorns, etc. ; also of the sea, and of the voice) : salebrosus (rugged) : confragosus (with broken fragments of rock, etc., in wild confusion) : procellosus (stormy) : horridus : horridus et durus : asperi animi (rough in mind) : incultus : inhumanus : inurbanus (rough in manners) : infabre factus, inconditus, non artificiosus (roughly made, not well finished). The rough breathing (in grammar), spiritus asper.
ROUGH-CAST, trullissatio (with lime) : arenatio : arenatum (with sand and mortar). To rough-cast, parietem trullissare ; parieti trullissationem inducere (to cover with coarse mortar) : Cf., parietem loricare opere tectorio = to whitewash.
ROUGHLY, aspere : horride [SYN. in ROUGH] : crasse (coarsely). To live roughly horride vivere : to treat anybody roughly, aspere tractare aliquem : to speak roughly, aspere loqui (with severity, etc. ) : horride loqui (in a strong and forcible, though rough manner). To speak roughly to anybody, horride alloqui aliquem (Tacitus) ; aliquem severius adhibere (Cicero, ad Att., 10, 12, 3). || Rudely, in an unpolished manner, inurbane : rustice : vaste (e. g., loqui) : inficete : illiberaliter : incomposite. || In an unskillful, unfinished manner, inscite : incommode.
ROUGHNESS, asperitas (e. g., viarum, faucium, cœli, vocis; opposed to lenitas vocis, vini ; also naturæ, and of character) : aspredo and asperitudo (Celsus) : crassitudo (opposed to fineness). || Roughness of manners, etc., inhumanitas, inurbanitas : rusticitas : mores inculti or rustici :
Roughness of speech, verba rustica (rough, coarse words) : maledicta : probra : probra et maledicta (abuse, etc. ) : contumeliæ (insulting language).
Roughness of mind, ingenium incultum (want of cultivation) : asperitas animi (savage roughness) : feritas animi. A savage or brutal roughness of mind, feritas animi et agrestis immanitas.
ROUND, adjective, rotundus (general term) : globosus (globular) : orbiculatus (circular) : teres (cylindrical, rounded [not square], said of long bodies). To make round, rotundare : corrotundare. To take a round form, se rotundare, or rotundari ; conglobari ; conglobari undique æqualiter. A round number, numerus par (equal number) : solidum (a whole). A good round sum, magna pecuniæ summa, or nummi non mediocris summæ. ROUND, preposition and adverb (of local surrounding) circum ; circa (for the difference between these words, vid. ABOUT. Cf., Circumcirca, round about, does not belong to classical prose, which uses instead of it circum et circa) : round in a circle, in gyrum : round in succession, in orbem : all round, totus circum : in circuitu. Often by circum in composition : to ride round, circumequitare or equo circumvehi (locum) : to roll round, circumvolvere (transitively), circumvolvi (intransitively).
Sometimes by per : to wander round, pervagari (locum) : to look round, circumspicere : circumspectare : oculos circumferre : perlustrare (omnia, etc. ) : to look round in a threatening way, oculos minaciter circumferre : to dig a trench round a city, oppidum fossa (vallo fossaque) circumdare.
ROUND, v., rotundare : to round itself, se rotundare or rotundari ; conglobari (spherical). To round itself equally on all sides, conglobari undique æqualiter. || Figuratively, to round a sentence, sententiam, ordine verborum paullo commutato, in quadrum redigere (Cicero, Or., 70, 233). The rounding of a sentence, verborum apta et quasi rotunda constructio ; structura (Cf., not circumscriptio in this sense) : rounded, rotundatus (made round) : rotundus (round) : conglobatus (like a ball) : figuratively, of speech, quasi rotundus. A sentence is properly rounded, forma concinnitasque verborum facit orbem suum (Cicero, Or., 44, 149). κυρικιμασαηικο
ROUNDLY, libere. To deny roundly, alicui præcise negare ; alicui plane sine ulla exceptione præcidere.
ROUSE, exsuscitare : expergefacere (e somno) : excitare (e somno) : suscitare somno or e quiete ; all may be used without e somno, etc. : also figuratively. Vid. AROUSE.
ROUT, s., || A clamorous multitude [vid. CROWD]. || Discomfiture [vid. DEFEAT]. To put to the rout, fundere fugareque : to put to the rout with (great) slaughter, stragem dare, or edere, or facere : alicui cladem afferre or inferre : aliquem prosternere : alicui detrimentum inferre : aliquem ingenti cæde prosternere : aliquem ad internecionem cædere or redigere, or delere hostem, or hostium copias occidione occidere or cædere : hostium internecionem facere, etc. : to be put to the rout, cladem pugnæ, or simply cladem, or calamitatem, or incommodum, or detrimentum accipere : ad internecionem cædi or deleri ; ad internecionem venire.
Should the army be put to the rout, si adversa pugna evenerit. Cf., It may be remarked here that the Romans, in speaking of their own defeats, or when introducing a person as speaking of his, were in the habit of using the euphemistic terms of adversum prœlium or adversa pugna (unlucky fight, Livius, 7, 29, extr. ; 8, 31, 5) ; or incommodum, detrimentum (mishap, loss, Cicero, Læl., 3, 10 ; Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3 ; 5, 52 ; 6, 34, etc. ) ; and obitus (complete defeat, Cæsar, B. G., 1, 29).
ROUT, v., (an army). Vid. To put to the rout, in ROUT, s.
ROUTE, iter (journey) : via (way, road taken) : ratio itineris or itinerum (plan of a journey, Cicero, Fam., 3, 5, 3). To continue one’s route, viam or cursum tenere : viam persequi ; iter pergere ; iter reliquum conficere, pergere : en route, in itinere : to be on route to Rome, iter mihi est Romam : to take route for a place, iter aliquo movere or dirigere ; cursum suum aliquo dirigere ; viam aliquo habere : to take different routes, diversos discedere, abire : to change a route, flectere iter.
ROUTINE, usus : exercitatio : habitus : facilitas consuetudine et exercitatione parta (after Quintilianus, 10, 8) : mere routine, usus quidam irrationalis (Quintilianus, 10, 7, 11 ; Greek τπίβη ἄλογος). To be accustomed to the routine of business, in negotiis gerendis, or administrandis bene versatum, or exercitatum esse. This is a mere matter of routine, hoc vero tralaticium est (Cicero).
ROVE, palare : vagari. Vid. WANDER. ROVER, || One who wanders about, erro : vagus : multivagus (Plinius : Cf., vagabundus late). || A pirate, vid.
ROW, s., ordo (the proper word : Cf., series rather = succession, series). In a row, ordine : ex ordine : in ordinem : per ordinem (in regular or due order) : deinceps (one after another). To build a row of houses, domos continuare.
ROW, v., Transitively, remis propellere. || Intransitively, remigare ; remis navigare ; navem remis ducere or propellere. To row with all one’s might, remis contendere : to row back, (navem) remis inhibere ; retro navem inhibere. To row off or away from shore, navem remis incitare et terram relinquere, or et altum petere (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 4, 25).
ROWEL, || The points of a spur turning on a little axis, * rotula calcaris. || A roll of hair put into a wound, * funis, funiculus e pilis, crinibus contortus (as to its substance) : fonticulus (technical term, as to its use).
ROWER, remex. The rowers, remiges, plural, or remigium (Livius, 26, 51, § 6).
ROYAL, regius, or the genitive, regis (of or belonging to a king, that relates to his person or dignity) : regalis (worthy of a king, fit for a king. Cf., This distinction is always observed by good prose writers ; in Cicero, Tusc., 1, 48, 116, and Nepos, Eum., 13, 3, ornatus regius is the ornament which belongs to the king ; but in Cicero, De Fin., 2, 21, 69, ornatus regalis is ornament as rich as that of a king ; again, cultus regius, Sallustius, Cat., 37, 4, is magnificence such as a king has or ought to have ; but Horatius, Od., 4, 9, 15, cultus regalis is only magnificence like that of a king ; sententia regia is an opinion, sentence of a king ; sententia regalis, noble, worthy of a king). The royal family, reges ; * domus regia.
ROYALIST, regi amicus : regis studiosus :
faciens cum rege (after Cicero).
ROYALLY, regie : regium in morem : regio more : regaliter.
ROYALTY, regnum (a kingdom) : regia potestas (royal power). The ensigns of royalty, regia insignia, plural.
RUB, v., fricare (to clean or smooth by rubbing, also to wear) : confricare (to wear away) : terere, atterere, usu deterere (to wear). To rub in or into, infricare : to rub one’s self, fricari : to rub round, circumfricare : to rub the eyes (so as to bring tears), oculos terere : to rub down, defricare. To rub out, eradere (to scratch out) : inducere (to erase by rubbing the inverted style over). To rub up or over [vid.
SETOUCH]. To rub anything (metallic) bright, detersum aliquid nitidare, atque rubigine liberare (Columella, 12, 3).
RUB, s., || Act of rubbing, tritus : attritus (so as to wear) : fricatio : fricatus (of the body). || Difficulty, vid.
RUBBER, || One who rubs, tritor (e. g., of paint, etc. ) : fricator (of the body ; late). || A cloth used in rubbing, * linum ad detergendum or abstergendum factum. || A coarse file, scobina (Plinius) ; lima crassa, aspera (Jan. ). || Indian rubber, * gummi elasticum. || To win a rubber, * ludo bis vincere. To play a rubber, ludere.
RUBBISH, || Properly, rudus ; rudera (plural ; rubble, etc. ) : ejectamentum (anything cast away) : quisquiliæ (refuse). To cover with rubbish, ruderare (Plinius) : to clear of rubbish, eruderare (Solinus). || Figuratively, of worthless persons, quisquiliæ, fæx, sentina (Cicero) ; qui sunt infra infimos homines onines (Terentianus) ; purgamentum (servorum, Curtius).
RUBICUND, Vid.
SED.
RUBRIC, rubrica (properly, the title of a law, which was written in red characters ; hence = “law” itself ; e. g., Masuri rubrica, Juvenalis).
RUBY, carbunculus : * rubinus (technical term).
RUDDER, gubernaculum, clavus (properly and figuratively). To hold or guide the rudder, gubernaculum tractare, clavum tenere. Vid. also, HELM.
RUDDINESS, rubor.
RUDDLE, rubrica (sc. terra, any red earth).
RUDDY, rubidus : rubicundus : rubeus.
RUDE, rudis (inexperienced ; e. g., as an artisan) : incultus, agrestis (unmæinerly) : ferus, immansuetus (not tame, wild). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) ferus agrestisque (clownish) : asper (rough, harsh) : inurbanus (not polite).
Rude manners, mores agrestes or feri.
RUDELY, aspere : inurbane. Usually by the adjectives.
RUDENESS (uncivilized state of manners), feritas. Usually by the adjectives ; e. g., mores agrestes et feri.
Rudeness of (their own) manners, (sua) inhumanitas.
RUDIMENTS, initia, elementa, rudimenta (with or without prima). To learn the rudiments, prima elementa discere : to be instructed in the rudiments, primis elementis or literis imbui : to be still engaged in the rudiments, in tirociniis hærere : to be but a little beyond the rudiments, paulum aliquid ultra primas literas progressum esse. To know the rudiments of an art, aliqua arte imbutum esse.
RUE, v., Vid.
SEPENT.
RUE, s., (a plant), * ruta graveolens (Linnæus).
RUEFUL, Vid.
SAD, SORROWFUL.
RUFFIAN, homo nequam : sceleratus : scelus, -eris : homo pugnax, manu promptus (quarrelsome).
RUFFIANLY, nefarius (contrary to laws natural and divine) : scelestus (wicked, vicious) : improbus (bad). A ruffianly deed, nefas : facinus nefarium : scelus : (more strongly), scelus nefarium.
RUFFLE, v., turbare : perturbare : agitare (of things, or of the mind) : molestia afficere (of the mind) : auster disturbat freta (ruffles, agitates, Seneca, Hippol., 1011). To ruffle their feathers, inhorrescere (as a hen, when she has laid an egg). Vid. also, AGITATE.
RUFFLE, s., * limbus manicæ præfixus.
RUG, stragulum ; * pannus crassiore lana contextus. RUGGED, confragosus (properly, also figuratively of speech) : salebrosus (properly and figuratively) : inconditus : horridus or (less strong) horridulus (figuratively of speech ; opposed to levis) : asper through, properly ; also of speech, unpolished; opposed to cultus).
Rugged places, aspera, sc. loca, plural ; aspreta, plural ; salebræ. To complain of rugged roads, salebras queri (†).
RUGGEDNESS, asperitas. Vid.
SOUGHNESS.
RUIN, s., || Destruction, ruina ; excidium (properly and figuratively) : interitus : pernicies : naufragium : occasus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) occasus interitusque (figuratively). To avert ruin, perniciem depellere : to plan anybody’s ruin, alicui perniciem struere, parare, moliri. To come to ruin, perire, interire [SYN. and PHR. in DESTRUCTION]. || Ruins, fragmenta, -orum (broken pieces, fragments) : reliquiæ (remnants ; e. g., of a wreck) : naufragia, -orum (properly, the remnants of a wreck ; but figuratively, of persons or things, as we say, ruins) : ruinæ (of a building, city, etc. ; Livius ; Cf., not in Cicero) : rudera, -um (walls, etc., broken into small fragments post-Augustan) : vestigia, -orum (the site of a ruined town, etc. ) : parietinæ (dilapidated walls ; e. g., Corinthi, Cic., Tusc., 3, 22, 53, Orelli). The smoking ruins of Thebes, fumantes Thebarum ruinæ. A town deserted and nearly in ruins, urbs deserta et strata prope ruinis : to fall to ruins, frangi ; ruinis collabi : to be buried under the ruins of a house, ruina ædium opprimi ; or, if followed by death, oppressum interire. Here on one spot the ruins of so many cities lie before us, uno loco tot oppidorum cadavera projecta jacent (Serv.
Sulpic., Cicero, Fam., 4, 5, 4 ; perhaps too far-fetched for prose).
RUIN, v., || To demolish, to destroy, vid. || To injure greatly, perdere : pessumdare : ad interitum vocare : præcipitare (stronger term) : conficere (entirely, altogether ; e. g., a part of the citizens by imposts, partem plebis tributo) : trucidare (literally, to kill ; e. g., by high interest, fenore) : profligare (to subvert ; also of health, etc. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) affligere et perdere : affligere et prosternere : prosternere affligereque : affligere et profligare (all = funditus perdere or evertere ; i. e., to ruin completely) : To try to ruin anybody, alicujus interitum quærere. || To impoverish, aliquem ad paupertatem protrahere : ad inopiam redigere : ad famam rejicere (stronger term). To ruin one’s self entirely, se detrudere in mendicitatem.
RUINOUS, || Dilapidated, ruinosus ; pronus in ruinam (ready to fall) : vitiosus (injured, damaged) : dilabens (falling to pieces). To be in a ruinous condition, ruinosum esse, ruinam minari (to be on the point of falling) : labare (to totter). The house is in a ruinous condition, ædes vitium fecerunt. || Destructive, pernicious, perniciosus : exitiosus : exitialis : exitiabilis : damnosus : funestus : pestilens : pestifer.
SYN. in HURTFUL.
RUINOUSLY, perniciose : pestifere : funeste.
RULE, s., || An instrument for drawing lines and measuring, regula (for drawing straight lines) : norma (for measuring squares) : amussis (a carpenter’s rule). || A law, regulation, constitution, lex (a prescribed method of acting or of doing anything ; hence Cf., leges dicendi, “the rules of grammar, ” in which case regulæ would not be Latin) : præscriptum, præceptum ; alicujus rei, or with a gerund in di : Cf., regula (an instrument for drawing straight lines) and norma (properly, a square, an instrument for marking out right angles) can never be employed with reference to a single rule or prescription, but only when “the rule” is equivalent to “a body of rules, a code;” hence these words always take a genitive, or there is a circumlocution ; as, regula ad quam aliquid dirigitur, or qua aliquid judicatur ; norma qua, or ad quam, aliquid dirigitur. Cf., There is no plural regulæ, or normæ, in the sense of “rules. ” To prescribe a rule, legem dare, scribere ; præceptum dare, tradere ; præcipere ; præscribere. To give rules concerning anything, præcipere, tradere de aliqua re : to observe or follow a rule, legem servare, observare ; præscriptum servare ; præceptum tenere (Cf., regulam servare is not Latin). Made by line and rule, ad legem ac regulam compositus (Quintilianus, 12, 10, 50). It is to be observed as a rule, not to, etc., tenendum est hoc alicujus rei præceptum, ne, etc. It is a rule in anything that, hæc lex in aliqua re sancitur,
ut. It is an exception to the rule, hoc excipio. I depart from my rule, * discedo a more meo : to live by rule, dirigere vitam ad certam normam ; * vitam severis legibus astringere. || Government, dominion, imperium : potestas : ditio : principatus : dominatio : dominatus : regnum.
SYN. in DOMINION.
RULE, v., || Transitively, To draw lines with an instrument, lineas ad regulam dirigere, exigere : to rule paper, * chartam lineis signare, distinguere : ruled paper, * charta lineis ex atramento signata. A ruled table, tabula lineis distincta (Gesner). || To govern, imperare, imperitare, alicujus esse imperatorem, imperio regere or imperio tenere aliquem, aliquid (to have the command over a person or thing) : dominari, dominationem habere in aliquem (to exercise unlimited power over ; especially figuratively) : præesse alicui or alicui rei (to preside over). To rule a city, urbem imperio regere : to be ruled by anybody, imperio alicujus teneri ; teneri in alicujus ditione et potestate : to submit to be ruled by anybody, imperium alicujus sustinere ; se regi ab aliquo pati (opposed to imperium alicujus detrectare). The mind rules the body, animus regit corpus : to be ruled by ambition, ambitione teneri. || To manage, constituere : ordinare : decernere : dirigere. || Intransitively, To be in command, civitatem regere ; imperium tractare ; regnare esse in imperio ; potiri rerum ; potiri sceptra (Lucretius), sceptris (Vergilius), regnis (Velleius) ; imperio uti (Sallustius) ; regnum (in loco) exercere (Plinius).
RULER, || One who rules, a governor, dominator alicujus (the governor, Cicero, N. D., 2, 2, 4, dominator rerum Deus) : dominus, of anybody, alicujus (unlimited master, lord ; hence the pure Latin term for tyrannus) : moderator : gubernator : rector. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) rector et moderator (guide and governor ; especially of God) : tyrannus (one that has raised himself to dominion ; a tyrant) : princeps ; imperator (as prince, emperor : Cf., of the Silver Age) : feminine, quæ imperio regit ; dominatrix, moderatrix, gubernatrix. The sovereign or universal RULER, regnator omnium ; cujus numini parent omnia (of God ; regnator omnium Deus, cetera subjecta et parentia ; Tacitus, Germ., 39, 5). || An instrument for ruling with ; vid.
SULE, s.
RUM, * sicera e saccharo cocta ; * vinum Indicum.
RUMBLE, sonare : crepare : crepitum dare.
RUMBLING, sonitus : crepitus.
RUMINATE, || Properly, ruminari, and (post-Augustan) ruminare (Columella) : remandere (post-Augustan). || To meditate, vid.
RUMINATION, ruminatio (Plinius).
RUMMAGE, excutere (the proper word) : scrutari, or (more strongly) perscrutari (to search and examine).
RUMMER, Vid. CUP.
RUMOR, fama : rumor. Vid.
SEPORT.
RUMP, os sacrum (technical term, properly) : nates, clunes (buttocks).
RUMPLE, v., corrugare ; in rugas plicare : rugam (-as) figere in re.
RUMPLE, s., ruga.
RUN, cursus (general term, of bodily motion, etc. ) : lapsus (a flowing, especially of water) : curriculum (in a race-course) : motus (motion, general term). The ordinary run of affairs, rerum humanarum cursus.
RUN, v., || Of persons, currere (general term) : decurrere (from a higher to a lower point ; from a place, a, ab : ;down from, de ; out from, e, ex ; through, per with an accusative, or by a simple accusative ; to a place, ad ; so that whenever the terminus a quo or the terminus ad quem is not mentioned, it must be supplied) : cursu ferri (with haste) : aufugere (to run away) : cursu tendere aliquo (to run to a place) : accurrere (to run hither) : percurrere (to run to) : procurrere (to run forth or out) : se proripere (to run forth or out ; both e. g., in publicum ; foras) : effundi, se effundere (to flow out ; of a mass of persons ; e. g., in castra) : currere in, etc. (to run into anything ; but incurrere in aliquem , in aliquid, means, to run against, to attack) : transcurrere aliquid (to run over anything ; then absolutely = to run over to or from ; e. g., ad aliquem) : circumcurrere, circumcursare locum (to run about in a place) : pervagari locum (to pass through quickly). To run against each other, inter se concurrere : to run to anybody, currere, cursum capessere ad aliquem ; transcurrere ad aliquem (to anybody who is or dwells over against us) : concurrere ad aliquem (in order to speak to him ; vid. Græv., Cic., Quint., 16, 53) : to run one’s self out of breath, cursu exanimari : to run for a wager, cursu certare ; certatim currere :
Run as fast as you can, percurre curriculo.
Run as fast as you can, and bring, curriculo eas et afferas : curriculo affer, afferas, etc. (Cf., This adverbial use of curriculo is found in the language of common life, in the comic writers, and in Appuleius. )
Run and fetch him, curre, arcesse eum.
Run away, abi! fac abeas! to come running, accurrere. Figuratively, to run after anything (i. e., to solicit or sue earnestly for a thing), ambire (absolutely : Cf., not ambire munus). To run after a girl, virginem ambire nuptiis (in order to marry her ; after Tacitus, Germ., 17, 2) : circa domum virginis assiduum esse (to frequent her house). || Of things moveable, currere (Cf., in prose only of such things as move in a circle ; e. g., a wheel, a ball ; of rivers, etc., it is used only by poets and prose writers of the Silver Period ; hence ; e. g., for flumen per ultima Indiæ currit, Curtius, 8, 9, 9, it ought to be flumen per ultima Indiæ fertur ; for amnes in æquora currunt, Vergilius, Æn., 12, 524, the prose expression would be amnes in maria influunt, etc. Likewise decurrere ex or in for defluere, to flow down, is rather poetic) : ferri (to be borne along with rapidity : of the heavenly bodies, rivers, etc. ) : labi, delabi (to glide along or down ; of water, etc. ) : devolvi (to roll down) : fluere, into anything, in aliquid ; through anything, per aliquid (to flow) : influere in, etc., effundi, se effundere, in, etc. (to flow into ; e. g., in mare) : intrare aliquid, locum (to enter or go into ; e. g., of ships, portum) : exire loco, ex loco (to run out from a place) : ferri, moveri, torqueri circa aliquid (to turn itself about anything ; e. g., of the sun, circa terram) : serpere per, etc. (to run or entwine itself on or about anything, of plants ; e. g., per humum).
Running water, aqua fluens (opposed to aqua putealis), or aqua fluvialis, or viva ; flumen vivum (a river).
Running brooks, salientes rivi. Tears run down the cheeks, lacrimæ manant per genas (vid. Horatius, Od., 4, 1, 34) ; fluunt per os lacrimæ (Ovidius, Met., 4, 581). The candles are running, candelæ diffluunt : to run round anything ; i. e., to surround it, cingere aliquid (e. g., urbem cingit fossa alta). The road runs (leads) to Rome, hæc via fert (Cf., not ducit) Romam. || Figuratively, To run into debt, æs alienum contrahere or conflare.
SUN AGAINST, incurrere or incursare in aliquid (to strike against in running) : offendere aliquid (general term, to strike against). To run against anybody, in aliquem incurrere atque incidere. To approach violently or boisterously, incurrere ; incursare ; irruere ; impetum facere in aliquem. RUN AWAY, fugere : aufugere : effugere. [Vid. FLEE, DESERT. ] || Of a horse, effrenatum incerto cursu ferri (Livius, 37, 41) ; * frenis non parere.
SUN DOWN, || Intransitively, defluere : delabi. || Transitively, properly, peragere aliquem (to run down without giving any rest, Cælius, in Cic. Ep., 8, 8, 1 ; Seneca, Ep., 58, 1) : defatigare (to fatigue thoroughly). || Figuratively, To calumniate, defame, vid.
RUN FROM, Vid. DESERT, ABANDON.
SUN ON, procurrere (to run further) : profluere (to flow further ; of water) : decurrere (e. g., manus in scribendo, Quintilianus, 10, 7, 11) : the pay runs on, procedunt alicui æra (Livius, 5, 7, 12). The interest runs on (i. e., at compound interest), centesimæ fenore perpetuo ducuntur (Cicero, Att., 5, 21, extr. ). Interest that runs on, centesimæ perpetuæ (opposed to quotannis renovatæ, ibid., 6, 2, extr. ). RUN OUT, || As liquids from a vessel, effluere : emanare : stillare : exstillare (by drops) : clepsydra extremum stillicidium exhausit (has run out, Seneca). || To project, excurrere : procurrere : prominere (in architecture). A promontory that runs out into the sea, promontorium in mare procurrens.
SUN OVER, || Peruse hastily, percurrere. || Drive over in a carriage, jumentis obterere aliquem. Nero whipped his horses and ran over a boy on purpose, Nero citatis
jumentis puerum haud ignarus obtrivit (Suetonius, Ner., 5). RUN THROUGH, || Properly, percurrere, percursare ; pervolare (to go through with speed) : discurrere aliquo loco or per locum (in different directions = to run about, of several) : decurrere (to leave behind in running) : emetiri (qu., to measure through). || Figuratively, To spread quickly, of a report, etc., pervadere locum (e. g., forum atque urbem) : discurrere (in all directions ; e. g., tota urbe). || To pass quickly through in succession, percurrere ; decurrere. To run through each post of honor, efferri per honorum gradus ad summum imperium. || To wear away by running, usu deterere (the soles of shoes) : cursu atterere (the feet ; after Plinius, 18, 15, 61). || To pierce, perforate, vid.
SUN UP, (a building), constituere repente (ad necessitatem) ædificium (Hirtius, B. G., 8, 5) ; subitarium ædificium exstruere (Tacitus, Ann., 15, 39) : (an account), conflare æs alienum (Sallustius). || (Of a fit of trembling), perstringere aliquem. RUN UPON, Vid.
SUN AGAINST.
RUNAGATE, Vid. VAGABOND.
RUNAWAY, [Vid. DESERTER, FUGITIVE]. A runaway slave, fugitivus.
RUNDLE, cylindrus (a cylinder) : gradus (a step).
RUPTURE, s., || Breach, ruptum : scissum (properly) : violatio (figuratively). || Dissension, falling out, discordia (discord, want of unanimity) : dissidium (dissension, disagreement : Cf., not discidium, which = separation) to cause a rupture, discordiam concitare. There is already a slight rupture between them, jam leviter inter se dissident. It comes to a rupture, res ad discordias deducitur ; discordia oritur. || (A disease), hernia ; ramex : afflicted with a rupture, intestinum descendit ; ramicosus (Cf, . herniosus in later writers).
RUPTURE, v., Vid. BREAK.
RURAL, rusticus : agrestis : campestris (Cicero) : rural occupations or affairs, res rusticæ. A rural population, surtici. Devoted to rural pursuits, rusticis rebus deditus. Vid. also, RUSTIC.
RUSE, Vid. ARTIFICE.
RUSH, s., (a plant), juncus : scirpus (γρῖπος or γρῖφος , of grassy nature). Made of rushs, junceus or juncinus ; scirpeus : full of or abounding in rushs, juncosus : a spot grown all over with rushs, juncetum : to make of rushs, e junco texere. Anything is not worth a rush, nihili esse. Not to think anything worth a rush, non unius assis æstimare : a rush-light, lucerna cubicularia (Mart. 14, 39). To use or burn anything instead of a rush-light, aliquid in usum nocturni luminis urere (Cf., nocturnum lumen = a light during the night). To work by a rush-light, or by candle-light in general, lucubrare : elucubrare.
RUSH, s. (a driving forward), incursio : incursus : impetus (of an attack). At the first rush or onset, primo incursu : primo impetu. A rush of waters, auctus aquarum [vid. also, CONCOURSE] : to make a rush at anybody, incurrere or irrumpere in aliquem : irruere, or incursare, or impetum facere in aliquem.
RUSH, v., ferri (to move quickly) : rapide ferri (rapidly, e. g., of a river, etc. ) : sublime ferri (in an upward direction from below) : præcipitem ire : præcipitari (down from a height) : præcipitem devolvi (down from or through a rock, per saxa, of a river) : to rush at anybody, incurrere or irrumpere in aliquem : to rush forth, effundere (of water) : evomere : eructare (of flames) ; also, prorumpi : prorumpere (to burst out) : profundi : se profundere (to stream forth : all four of men and things ; e. g., tears, etc. ). To rush out of the gates, se proripere porta foras : to rush forth from out of the ranks, equo citato evehi extra aciem. To rush forth from the ambush, ex insidiis subito consurgere : to rush out, avolare : aufugere : se proripere (impetuously, or in great haste ; also, with ex, etc. ) : to rush in, irruere (to run into) or irrumpere (to break into, in, etc. ; e. g., into the town, in urbem) : præcipitem dare or præcipitare in aliquid (to precipitate into). To rush into anything : e. g., into the flames, the ranks of the enemy, etc., se injicere in ignem, in medios hostes ; also, se immittere in aliquid : equum immittere or permittere in aliquid ; e. g., in medios hostes (the latter if on horseback) ; also, incidere in aliquid or alicui rei (e. g., into the open gates, patentibus portis) : se offerre, se inferre (e. g., into danger) : The crowd that was rushing into the circus, infusus populus.
RUSH-LIGHT, Vid.
SUSH, s.
RUSHY, juncosus (full of rushes) : junceus : juncinus (made or consisting of rushes).
RUSSET, fuscus : adustior (brownish). ravus (grayish) : subrufus (reddish).
RUST, s., rubigo (general term) : ferrugo (on iron) : ærugo (verdigris, on copper or brass). Iron contracts rust, rubigo corripit ferrum. Iron is eaten out with rust, ferrum rubigine raditur.
RUST, v., || Intransitively, rubiginem trahere or sentire ; rubigine obduci ; rubigine lædi or corripi (general term) : in æruginem incidere (of brass or copper). The mind rusts with inactivity, incultu atque socordia torpescit ingenium (Sallustius) ; ingenium longa rubigine læsum torpet (Ovidius, Trist., 5, 12, 21). || Transitively, rubiginem obducere alicui rei.
RUSTIC, adjective, rusticus (residing in the country, like “countrified;” hence intellectually rough, bashful, ignorant of the conventional laws of decorum.
Rusticitas is, in its best sense, allied to innocence ; in its worst, to awkwardness) : agrestis (residing or growing wild in the fields ; hence morally rough, shameless, vulgar ; always in a bad sense, like “churlish. ” The rusticus violates only the conventional, the agrestis even the natural laws of good behavior) : rusticanus (still milder, in its censure, than rusticus : rusticus is one who actually lives in a country village ; rusticanus, one who resembles those who live in country villages = rusticorum similis) : inurbanus (unmannerly) : incultus (without cultivation ; ill-bred). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) agrestis et inhumanus.
Sontewhat rustic, subrusticus, subagrestis.
Rustic manners, mores rustici. A rustic pronunciation, vox rustica (broad) et agrestis (coarse). In a rustic manner, rustice. To speak with a rustic pronunciation, rustice loqui. To behave like a rustic, rustice facere. A rustic dress, cultus agrestis : vestitus agrestis.
RUSTIC, s., rusticus (the peasant, as well with reference to his occupation as to his manners ; opposed to urbanus) : agrestis (the peasant with regard to his dwelling and manners : Cf., the rusticus violates merely the conventional, but the agrestis also the common laws of civility). He is a mere rustic, merum rus est (comedy) : homo agrestis, stipes, caudex (as abusive epithets). Vid.
SUSTIC, adjective.
RUSTICATE, rure (Horatius), or ruri (Cicero) : vivere, degere, vitam agere.
RUSTICITY, rusticitas : inurbanitas : inhumanitas : mores inculti or rustici. Vid.
SUSTIC, adjective.
RUSTLE, crepare : crepitare : sonitum dare (of flames).
RUSTLING, crepitus (e. g., of a silk dress) : sonitus (e. g., of flames).
RUSTY, || Properly, rubiginosus (general term) : æruginosus (of brass and copper) : rubigine obductus (covered with rust). || Figuratively, Morose, difficilis : natura difficilis : morosus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) difficilis et morosus : tristis.
RUT, || Track of a wheel, orbita. || Desire of copulation (in deer, etc. ), libido ; rabies ; coeundi ardor ; e. g., in rabiem agi : to be in rut, lascivire in venerem ; ineundi cupiditate exerceri ; rabie libidinis sævire (opposed to desiderio libidinis solvi).
RUTHLESS, Vid. HARD, STERN, SEVERE.
RUTHLESSLY, inclementer : acerbe : acriter : crudeliter [SYN. in HARD] : to exact money ruthlessly, acerbissime pecunias exigere.
RUTHLESSNESS, Vid. HARDNESS, HARSHNESS.
RYE, secale : * secale cereale (Linnæus).
Rye bread, * panis secalinus (general term) : panis fermentatus (leavened bread) : panis cibarius (common bread, for daily food).
SABAOTH, exercitus (plural) ; or rather Sabaoth (technical term).
SABBATH, sabbatum (Horatius, Sat. ) ; dies ad quietem datus, quieti dicatus (as a day of rest). The celebration of the Sabbath, sacra sabbatica (plural, Bau. ). A sabbath-breaker, * sabbatorum negligens.
SABBATIC, * sabbaticus.
SABLE, s., || The animal, * mustela zibellina (Linnæus). The ancients seem to have comprehended
it under the general term mus silvestris (vid. Benecke ad Just., 2, 2, 9). || The skin or fur, * pellis zibellina ; * pellis muris silvestris. The hunting of sables, captura zibellinarum. A dress of sables, indumentum ex pellibus zibellinarum consarcinatum (after Ammianus, 31, 2, 5). To be dressed in sables, tergis zibellinarum indutum esse.
SABLE, adjective, pullus : niger : fuscus : ater. [SYN. in BLACK].
SABRE, gladius (general term) : acinaces (Persian. Curtius) : ensis falcatus (Ovidius) : copis, -idis (Curtius, a small kind). A sabre cut or wound, ictus acinacis, gladii. [Vid.
SWORD. ]To receive a sable cut, gladio (or acinace) cæsura vulnerari.
SACCHARINE, * saccharinus : * sacchari dulcedinem habens (sweet as sugar).
SACERDOTAL, sacerdotalis : sacerdoti conveniens : sacerdote dignus.
SACK, s., saccus (general term) : culeus (especially a leathern sack or bag, such as that in which criminals were sewn up and thrown into the sea, Cicero, Inv., 2, 50, 149). A little sack, sacculus (Juvenalis., saccellus, Petr. ) : to put into sacks, infundere, ingerere, indere in saccos.
SACK, v., vastare : devastare : populari, depopulari (stronger than vastare) : exinanire (litterally, to make empty ; e. g., domos ; reges atque omnes gentes, Cicero) : everrere et extergere (litterally, to sweep clean ; fanum). SACKBUT, perhaps * buccina.
Sound of the sackbut, buccinæ sonus ; buccinum. The sackbut sounds, buccinatur ; buccinat.
SACKCLOTH, linteum crasso filo (as coarse cloth) : toga lugubris (as mourning). To be in sackcloth and ashes, in luctu et squalore esse (Metell. ap. Cic. ) ; sordidatum esse (Cicero).
SACRAMENT, sacramentum (ecclesiastical) : mysterium (ecclesiastical). For “to take the sacrament, ” vid. LORD’S SUPPER.
SACRAMENTAL, By circumlocution ; e. g., sacramental controversy, controversia, lis, de sacramentis.
SACRED, || Properly, sacer (opposed to profanus ; ἱερός, consecrated) : sanctus (under divine guardianship, ὄσιος, not to be violated or polluted, pure, spotless) : divinus, religiosus (to be regarded with veneration). A sacred place, locus sacer, religiosus.
Sacred groves, luci sacri or sancti. A sacred war, bellum pro religionibus susceptum. || Figuratively, (1) Inviolable, sanctus (e. g., fides, officium) ; sacrosanctus : inviolabilis (Lucretius). To regard as sacred, sanctum habere aliquid (Nepos, Livius). The persons of the tribunes were sacred at Rome, tribuni plebis Romæ sancti (Cicero), or sacrosancti (Livius), erant. Nothing is more sacred to me than our friendship, nihil est mihi antiquius nostra amicitia. (2) Venerable, sanctus : augustus : venerandus : sollemnis. A sacred day, dies festus ac sollemnis.
SACREDLY, sancte : religiose : pie sancteque : auguste et sancte. κυρικιμασαηικο SACREDNESS, sanctitas ; or by the adjectives. Vid. HOLINESS.
SACRIFICE, s., || Properly, Anything devoted and offered to a deity, sacrificium (general term) ; sacrificium piaculare ; piaculum (expiatory) : res divina ; res sacra ; sacra, -orum, plural, (as an act of religious worship) : hostia piacularis (a victim to be offered as an expiatory sacrifice). To offer a sacrifice, sacrificare ; sacrificium facere ; sacra facere, conficere. To offer the sacrifice of thanksgiving, gratiarum agendarum, persolvendarum, officio satisfacere. || Figuratively, A thing or person devoted, offered, or given up, victima, præda (when the object is represented as standing in the place of an expiatory victim) : jactura (a loss incurred in order to avert some greater evil) : damnum (loss). To make a sacrifice, jacturam facere (Cæsar, Cicero). Without any sacrifice, sine ullo dispendio : to fall a sacrifice to anybody, cadit aliquis alicui victima ; to anybody’s avarice, etc., avaritia, malitia, alicujus perire, opprimi (after Cicero). The sacrifice of one’s life, devotio vitæ or capitis : by great sacrifices, magnis jacturis (e. g., aliquem ad se perducere ; alicujus animum sibi conciliare). To endeavor to save anybody by great personal sacrifices, * capitis ac fortunæ periculum adire pro alicujus salute.
SACRIFICE, v., || Properly., Absolutely, sacrificare ; sacrum, sacrificium facere (Cicero) : sacra curare ; sacris operari ; res divinas peragere ; hostiis rem divinam facere (Livius) : rem divinam, sacram, facere (Cicero). With an accusative, sacrificare aliquid, aliqua re alicui (Plautus) ; sacra facere aliqua re (Livius) : to sacrifice victims, victimas, hostias immolare (Cicero), mactare (Suetonius), cædere (Cicero) : hostiis sacrificare (Livius) ; immolare aliquid (Cicero). || Figuratively, (1) To devote to destruction, perdere (general term) : morti dedere or dare (to give up to death ; Plautus, Asin., 3, 3, 18 ; Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 197). To sacrifice otie’s life for anybody, vitam pro aliquo profundere ; (for one’s country, etc. ) pro patria vitam or sanguinem profundere ; pro patria mori ; se pro patria ad mortem offerre ; pro patria mortem occumbere ; sanguinem suum patriæ largiri ; pro salute patriæ caput suum vovere ; se suasque fortunas pro incolumitate reipublicæ devovere ; se suamque vitam reipublicæ condonare ; pro republica sanguinem effundere. (2) To give up willingly, concedere (to concede) : permittere (to yield up, resign) : condonare (to give up), alicui aliquid. To sacrifice all to one’s own advantage, * omnia posthabere rebus suis ; * præ commodo suo omnia postponere. To sacrifice all to the advantage of another, præ commodo alicujus omnia post esse putare (Terentius, Ad., 2, 3, 9). To sacrifice anything to anything, aliquid alicui tribuere (e. g., reipublicæ) ; one’s own interests to the public good, salutem reipublicæ suis commodis præferre. To sacrifice life and property for anybody, capitis ac fortunæ periculum adire pro aliquo : to sacrifice a portion of one’s rights, paullum de jure suo decedere ; (magnam) facere jacturam juris.
SACRIFICER, sacrificans (general term) : immolator (of an animal).
SACRIFICIAL, sacrificus : sacrificalis.
SACRILEGE, sacrilegium (not præ-Augustin, Quintilianus) : sacrorum spoliatio (Livius, 29, 8) : templa violata (ib. ) : to commit sacrilege, sacrilegium facere, admittere (Quintilianus, ; committere, Justinus) : rem sacram de templo surripere (Quintilianus, as a definition of sacrilegium) : templum or templa violare (Livius) ; sacrum or sacro commendatum auferre (Cicero, Leg. 2, 16, 40) ; sacrilegas manus admovere alicui rei (Livius).
SACRILEGIOUS, sacrilegus (Cicero). To lay sacrilegious hands on anything, sacrilegas manus admovere alicui rei (Livius).
SACRISTAN, perhaps ædituus (Cicero) ; * sacrorum, sacræ supellectilis, custos.
SACRISTY, sacrarium (Livius, Ovidius).
SAD, || Sorrowful, tristis (of a sorrowful mien ; opposed to lætus, hilaris) : mæstus, mærens (cast down, depressed in spirits) : afflictus (greatly dejected) : permæstus (very sad).
Rather sad, subtristis (Terentianus) ; tristiculus (Cicero) : to make anybody sad, mærore aliquem affligere ; magnam mæstitiam alicui inferre : to be sad, in mærore, in mæstitia, in luctu esse : to be very sad, mærore affligi, confici. || Causing sorrow, mournful, tristis : miser : miserabilis : gravis : acerbus : luctuosus. || Serious, grave, vid. || Dark-colored, vid.
SADDEN, dolorem alicui facere, efficere, afferre, commovere, incutere ; dolore, sollicitudine, ægritudine, aliquem afficere.
SADDLE, s., sella (in later writers) : ephippium, Greek ; stragulum, Latin (a housing, caparison, which the ancients used instead of our saddle) : stratum (e. g., qui asinum non potest stratum cædit, proverbially, Petronius, also Livius, 7, 14, 7) : clitellæ (pack-saddle). To take off a saddle, * equo detrahere sellam or stragulum.
Some horses are more fit for the saddle, others for draught, quidam equi melius equitem patiuntur, quidam jugum. To throw out of the saddle, aliquem de equo dejicere, deturbare (properly) ; aliquem dejicere, depellere de gradu ; aliquem loco movere (figuratively). Firm in the saddle, qui hæret equo ; qui non facile dejicitur de equo (properly), paratus ; firmus ; tutus ; qui de gradu dejici non potest (figuratively).
SADDLE, v., (equum) sternere, or insternere (Livius) ; imponere equo sellam : saddled, stratus : equus instratus frenatusque (Livius, 21, 17 ; saddled and bridled). || Figuratively, To saddle with, imponere, injungere alicui aliquid.
SADDLE-BACKED, (* tectum) in utramque partem fastigiatum.
SADDLE-BAG, hippoperæ (Seneca), or, pure Latin, bisaccium (its original name, Petronius) : vulga or bulga
(Lucilius and Varro, ap. Non ; a Gallic name according to Festus). Vid. CLOAK-BAG. SADDLE-HORSE, equus sellaris (after jumenta sellaria, Vegetious) : * equus ad equitandum idoneus.
SADDLER, * ephippiorum or stragulorum artifex.
SADLY, mæste : misere : miserabiliter.
SYN. in SAD.
SADNESS, miseria (wretchedness) : ægritudo : ægrimonia (opposed to alacritas ; grief or gloom produced by a sense of present evil ; the latter implying that it is an abiding sense) : dolor (opposed to gaudium, a present sense of hardship, pain, or grief) : tristitia : mæstitia (natural, involuntary manifestation of grief) : angor (passionate, tormenting apprehension of a coming evil ; sollicitudo being the anxious unsettling apprehension of it) : mæror (is stronger than dolor, being the feeling and its manifestation) : afflictatio (= “ægritudo cum vexatione corporis, ” Cicero). Not luctus, which = mourning ; i. e., by conventional signs.
SAFE, || Not exposed to danger, tutus (of persons or things) : periculo vacuus (free from danger) : periculi expers (only of persons, Cicero) : incolumis (said of political safety, or of bodily health). To be safe from anything, tutum esse ab aliqua re, rarely ad or adversus aliquid. || Not dangerous, tutus : certus : stabilis. A safe road, iter tutum : a safe horse, equus certus ; a safe remedy, exploratum, probatum, remedium : this place is not safe infestus, parum tutus est hic locus : safe counsel, consilium tutum. || Certain, vid.
SAFE-CONDUCT, commonly by fides or fides publica. To apply for a safe-conduct, fidem publicam postulare : to obtain a safe-conduct, fidem publicam accipere : to grant anybody a safe-conduct, fidem publicam alicui dare ; fidem alicui dare impune venturum or abiturum : under a safe-conduct, fide publica interposita : a letter of safe-conduct, syngraphus (Plautus, Capt., 3, 2, 6) : to provide one’s self with a letter of safe-conduct, syngraphum sumere (ibid. ).
SAFE-KEEPING, fides. I commend my property to your safe-keeping, bona nostra tibi permitto et tuæ mando fidei (Terentianus).
SAFELY, tute : tuto.
SAFETY, tutum (safe condition ; of that which is free from threatening evil) : incolumitas : salus (in a wider sense). The public safety, omnium salus ; communis salus : to be in safety, in tuto esse ; incolumem esse : to consult one’s safety, præcavere sibi (Tacitus) ; saluti suæ prospicere, consulere (after Cicero) : to seek safety salutem petere (Nepos) : to put into a place or condition of safety, in tuto collocare aliquem , aliquid.
SAFFRON, crocus ; crocum. Of saffron-colored, croceus : saffron color, color croceus.
SAGACIOUS, sagax (often with ad aliquid ; e. g., ad hæc pericula perspicienda, Planc. ap. Cic. ) : acutus : acer : subtilis : argutus : perspicax : plenus rationis et consilii (Cicero). Very sagacious, peracutus : peracer [SYN. in ACUTE] : a sagacious mind, sagax ac bona mens (Cicero).
SAGACIOUSLY, sagaciter (e. g., pervestigare aliquid, Cicero) : acute : acriter : subtiliter.
SAGACITY, sagacitas (power of tracing things to their causes ; by metonymy, from hounds) : ingenii acumen or acies (the former implying more of depth ; of original and inventive ability), and acumen only : perspicacitas : prudentia perspicax (insight, taking in all at one glance) : subtilitas (fine discrimination). To possess natural sagacity, natura acutum esse : such is his own sagacity, qua est ipse sagacitate.
SAGE, s. (a plant), * salvia officinalis (Linnæus).
SAGE, s., (A philosopher), sapiens : plenus rationis et consilii. Vid. PHILOSOPHER.
SAGE, adjective, sapiens : prudens. Vid. WISE.
SAGELY, sapienter : prudenter.
SAGO, * medulla cycæ.
Sago-tree, * cycas, -æ (Linnæus).
SAIL, s., || Properly, velum. To set sail, vela facere : vela pandere (properly and figuratively ; opposed to remigare, navem remis propellere ; vid. Cicero, Tusc., 4, 4 and 5, § 9) : solvere navem et vela ventis dare (to set all sails). To furl the sails, vela contrahere (also figuratively, as Horatius, Od., 2, 10, 23) : to strike sails, vela subducere (properly) ; cedere (figuratively = to give in, to yield) : to an tie at a place with all sails set, velis passis aliquo pervehi (of persons) : velo passo aliquo pervenire (of ships) : to set sail = to loosen the ship, navem solvere : without sails, velis carens. || By metonymy = the whole ship, navis. A fleet of thirty sail, classis triginta navium. || Of a wind-mill, perhaps ala.
SAIL, v || To he conveyed, or pass, by sails, vela facere : vela pandere (opposed to remigare or navem remis propellere) : navigare (to pass by ship). To sail to a place, vela dirigere ad aliquem locum ; navem or cursum dirigere aliquo ; tenere locum : he sailed for the place of his destination, cursum direxit, quo tendebat : to sail slowly, tardius cursum conficere : to sail very quickly, esse incredibili celeritate velis : to sail with a full, fair wind, pede æquo or pedibus æquis vehi : to sail with a half wind, pedem facere or proferre ; ventum obliquum captare : to sail about, circumnavigare : to sail over, transvehi : trajicere : transmittere : to sail over with the fleet to Eubœa, classem transvehere, transmittere in Eubœam (Cf., transfretare, “to sail over the sea, ” is a late word, for which the best writers said mare trajicere or transmittere) : to see through, navigare : pernavigare (to sail all over) : enavigare (to pass over by sailing in a certain time ; e. g., to sail through the gulf in twelve days and nights, sinum duodecim dierum et noctium remigio, Plinius, 9, 3, 2). || To set sail, solvere navem, or simply solvere (poetical, vela ventis dare). To sail with a fleet, classe navigare (but only with mention of the point to which one sails ; e. g., to Macedonia, classe navigare in Macedoniam) : to sail from land, a terra solvere : to sail from the harbor, e portu solvere : the ship sails, navis solvit ; a terra provehitur navis.
Ready to sail, ad navigandum paratus ; paratus ad navigandum atque omnibus rebus instructus.
SAILCLOTH, * linteum velorum : * pannus ad vela aptus factusque.
SAILER, i. e., ship that sails. By circumlocution ; e. g., a ship is a remarkably good sailer, navis est incredibili celeritate velis.
SAILING, navigatio.
SAILOR, nauta : homo nauticus (mariner, general term) : navigationi addictus (one fond of sailing). The sailors, nautæ ; nautici.
SAIL-YARD, antenna.
SAINT, homo sanctus. The saints [vid. CELESTIAL] : image of a saint, * sanctus homo pictus (painted) : * sanctus homo fictus (carved). To regard one as a saint, intueri aliquem ita, ut divinum hominem esse putes.
SAINTED, * in sanctorum numerum relatus : * sanctorum ordinibus ascriptus.
SAKE, For the sake of, ob, propter, per, de causa, gratia.
SYN. in ACCOUNT.
SALAD, acetarium (food seasoned with oil and vinegar) : olus acetarium (herb used for salad) : lactuca sativa (garden salad. Linnæus).
SALAMANDER, salamandra, -æ, feminine.
SALARY, merces : mercedis præmium(Cicero) : salarium (Suetonius) : commoda, plural, (Cicero, Vitruvius). A good salary, luculentum, largum, salarium : a poor or small salary, tenue, exiguum, salarium : to fix a salary, salarium alicui constituere, deceruere (Pand. ) : a public salary is paid, publice salarium, merces, datur, solvitur.
SALE, venditio mercium. A good or quick sale, * facilis et expedita venditio mercium : to find a good sale, * facile vendi : to find no sale, * repudiari : that has a good sale, vendibilis (opposed to invendibilis) : for sale, venalis : promercalis (that is dealt in, bought, or sold ; post-Augustan) : goods for sale, res venales : res promercales (post-Augustan) : to have for sale, aliquid venale habere ; venum dare, vendere, venditare : to be for sale, venalem esse ; venum ire ; licere (to be valued and offered at a certain price) : to offer for sale, venum dare ; venale proponere (to have or expose for sale) : prædicare, clamitare (to call or cry for sale) : rem proscribere (to offer for sale by posting a bill in some public place) : rem venalem inscribere ; also simply rem inscribere (to ticket or mark as for sale).
SALEABLE, vendibilis (for sale) : quod emptores reperit (that finds purchasers).
SALESMAN, venditor : qui vendit, or venale habet, aliquid.
SALIENT, || Properly
= leaping, saliens. || Figuratively = prominent, vid.
SALINE, salsus : sali similis. A saline flavor or taste, sapor salis : sapor salsus (Lucretius, 4, 223) : to acquire a saline flavor, salis saporem concipere : to have a saline flavor, salsi saporis esse.
SALIVA, saliva : humor oris, sputum (= spittle). To cause saliva, salivam movere, ciere, facere.
SALIVATE, salivare (Columella).
SALIVATION, salivatio (Cælius Aurelianus) : Cf., salivatum, Columella = a medicine for exciting spittle.
SALLOW, s., (a tree) * salix cinerea (Linnæus).
SALLOW, adjective, luridus (Ovidius) : cadaverosus (Terentianus).
SALLY, || Properly, excursio : eruptio (Cæsar). procursatio (Livius). To sally, or make a sally, erumpere, facere excursionem or eruptionem (e. g., ex oppido) ; eruptione ex urbe pugnare ; portis se foras erumpere ; egredi e portis et hosti signa inferre. || Figuratively, impetus, æstus (e. g., ingenii, a sally of wit).
SALMAGUNDI, satura (sc. lanx or res).
SALMON, salmo, -onis (Plinius) : * salmo salar (Linnæus).
Salmon fishing, captura salmonum : salmon color, * ad colorem salmonis accedens.
SALOON, œcus (Vitruvius, general term) : conclave amplius, majus : atrium (for receiving company or giving audience) : exhedra (for assemblies, Vitruvius).
SALT, s., || Properly, sal. Common salt, sal popularis (Cato) : rock salt, sal fossilis : sea salt, sal marinus : refined salt, sal candidus, purus : fine salt ; i. e., beaten small, sal minute tritus : to turn to salt, in salem abire (Plinius) : to eat bread and salt, salem cum pane essitare (Plinius ; cf. Horatius, Sat., 2, 2, 17) : to sprinkle salt over anything, sale conspergere aliquid (Columella), or rei salem aspergere (Plinius) : a salt spring, * fons aquæ salsæ ; * fons unde aquæ salsæ profluunt : a salt pit, salis fodina (Varro) ; salifodina (Vitruvius) ; salina (Cicero, Cæsar) : a dealer in salt, salinator (Livius) : a grain of salt, grumus or mica salis (Plinius) : the salt trade, negotium salarium ; salis commercium (Livius) : a salt, warehouse, * horreum salis ; * horreum salibus servandis. Cf., The plural, salia, salts, used by some moderns, is not found in any ancient writer. || Figuratively, sal : sales, plural ; e. g., Attici sales (Cicero, Fam., 9, 15, 2) : Attico lepore tincti sales (Mart., 3, 20, 29).
SALT, adjective, salsus.
Salt fish, piscis sale conditus or maceratus : salt meat, caro sale condita ; also, salsamenta, -orum (nominative plural ; salt meat or fish, an article of trade or commerce) : a salt taste, sapor salis (Plinius) ; sapor salsus (Lucretius).
SALT, v., salire : sale conspergere : salem aspergere alicui rei (to strew salt over) : sale condire (to season or preserve with salt) : sale macerare (to dissolve) : sale indurare (to harden with salt). To salt thoroughly, sale obruere.
SALT-CELLAR, salinum (Horatius) : concha salis (Horatius, Sat. ) : salillum (a small salt-cellar, Catullus).
SALTING-TUB, vas salsamentarium (Columella, in plural, tubs in which salt fish, etc., are kept) : * cadus salsamentarius.
SALTISH, subsalsus.
SALTNESS, salsitudo (the permanent condition of a salt substance, Plinius) : salsedo (salt flavor of anything, Pall. ) : salsugo : salsilago (quality of being salt ; Plinius).
SALTPETRE, nitrum (general term, Plinius) : sal petræ (technical term).
Rough salpetre, nitrum crudum (technical term) : refined salpetre, nitrum depuratum (technical term) : full of salpetre, nitrosus : spirit of salpetre, spiritus nitri.
SALUBRIOUS, salutaris : saluber (Cicero). Cf., Some grammarians say salutaria sanitatem, salubria salutem afferunt.
Salubrious situations, loci salubres (Cicero).
SALUBRIOUSLY, salubriter.
SALUBRITY, salubritas (properly and figuratively).
SALUTARY, || Properly, salutaris : saluber (Cicero) : medicus (Plinius). || Figuratively, salutaris (opposed to pestifer) : saluber (opposed to pestilens) : utilis (useful). To be salutary, saluti esse ; prodesse ; juvare ; alicui, alicui rei, alicujus saluti, or ad aliquid conducere : salutary advice, consilia salubria (Cicero, Curtius) : to adopt salutary measures, consiliis salubribus uti (Cicero, Att., 8, 12, 5).
SALUTATION, salutatio : consalutatio (the latter especially of several) : salus (a salute) : appellatio (an addressing, accosting, Cæsar, B. C., 2, 28). After mutual salutation, salute data in vicem redditaque ; salute accepta redditaque : to return a salutation, salutem alicui reddere or referre (Cicero).
SALUTE, s., || Salutation, vid. || A discharge of artillery, etc., in honor of anyone, salutatorius, gratulatorius tormentorum bellicorum et sclopetorum strepitus(Dan. ). To fire a salute, * tormentorum fragoribus gaudium testari.
SALUTE, v., salutare aliquem : salutem alicui dicere : salutem alicui impertire or salute aliquem impertire (vid. Zumpt, § 418) : salutem alicui nunciare (from anyone else). To salute anyone heartily, plurimam salutem alicui impertire ; plurima salute aliquem impertire : to salute in return, resalutare aliquem ; resalutatione impertire aliquem : our whole family salutes you, tota nostra domus te salutat : to salute anyone absent, jubere aliquem salvere or salvum esse (general term, to wish him well) : mittere salutem ad aliquem, per aliquem (to send a salutation through anyone) : to salute a person in the name of another, nunciare alicui alicujus salutem ; nunciare alicui salutem alicujus verbis (Cf., not alicujus nomine ; vid. commentators on Nepos., Them., 4, 3) : to salute one another, salutem dare reddereque ; salutem accipere reddereque ; inter se consalutare : to salute (as soldiers), * militari more colere aliquem.
SALVE, unguentum (general term) : collyrium (eye-salve). To anoint with salve, ungere ; inungere (Cicero) ; unguentare (Suetonius) : unguento ungere, oblinere, aliquid (Cicero) : a box for salve, pyxis unguentaria.
SALVO, exceptio (limitation, saving stipulation) : conditio (condition ; general term). With this salvo, hac lege or hac conditione, or cum hac exceptione, ut. Without any salvo, sine (ulla) exceptione (Cicero) ; sine adjunctione.
SAME, ejusdem generis (of the same kind) : idem, eadem, idem : unus et idem (just the same, one and the same) ; e. g., of the same color, ejusdem coloris ; at the same time, eodem or uno eodemque tempore : to be the same, nihil differre ; nihil interesse : bodily exertion and pain are not the same, interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem : it is the same to me, mea nihil interest (it makes no difference to me) : mea nihil refert (it does not affect me) : it is not at all the same whether. . . or, multum interest, utrum. . . an : to regard as the same, juxta habere or æstimare : to write always the same, nihil nisi idem quod sæpe scribere : to hear always the same, semper ista eademque audire : to be always harping on the same string (proverbially), cantilenam eandem canere (Terentianus) ; uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundere (Cicero, De Or., 2, 39, 162).
SAMENESS, by circumlocution ; e. g., the sameness of a business, negotium semper istud idem (after Livius, 10, 8, 9). To have a great sameness in one’s writings, nihil nisi idem quod sæpe scribere.
SAMPLE, exemplum. A sample of goods, of wheat, exemplum mercis, tritici : to show a sample of anything, exemplum alicujus rei ostendere. Vid.
SPECIMEN.
SAMPLER, * pannus acu texendi exempla, formas, continens SANATIVE, by circumlocution with the verbs in HEAL. Vid. also SALUTARY.
SANCTIFICATION, || Act of consecration, consecratio. || The making or being holy, sanctificatio (ecclesiastical technical term): sanctitas, pietas erga Deum (holiness) : Or by the verbs. Vid. also, HOLINESS.
SANCTIFIER, sanctificator (ecclesiastical technical term) : sanctitatis, pietatis auctor (Bau. ) : Or by the verbs.
SANCTIFY, || To make holy, sanctum facere ; pietatis, virtutis, sanctimoniæ studio imbuere ; ad vitæ sanctitatem adducere aliquem. || To consecrate, vid. || To venerate, worship, sancte, religiose, pie colere ; sancte venerari. || To observe religiously, sancte observare, colere, religiose colere aliquid (e. g., dies festos).
SANCTIMONIOUS, * sanctimoniam or sanctitatem præ se ferens.
SANCTION, s., auctoritas (authority, ratification) : conrirmatio : comprobatio. Vid. the verb.
SANCTION, v.,
firmare : contirmare : affirmare : ratum facere (to ratify) : fidem alicui rei firmare, addere : auctoritate sua affirmare rem (to confirm). || To consent, vid.
SANCTITY, sanctitas (sacredness ; of a place or person ; then also = holiness, moral purity, or goodness) : cærimonia (the sacredness of a being or thing which occasions dread and veneration) : religio (sacredness of a place or thing, inasmuch as the violation of it is considered a crime) : pietas erga Deum (piety).
Sanctity of a league, fœderis religio ; sancta fides societatis : to lose its sanctity (of a place, etc. ), religionem amittere : to violate the sanctity of a place, loci religionem violare ; locum religione liberare : he utterly disregards the sanctity of treaties, apud eum nihil societatis fides sancti habet. Vid. HOLINESS.
SANCTUARY, || Properly, occulta et recondita templi : sacrarium intimum : penetralia (plural), adytum (Greek). || Figuratively, Vid.
SEFUGE.
SAND, s., arena (general term). Coarse sand, glarea (gravel) : saburra (for ballast) : sabulum : sabulo (such as is mixed with earth or lime : Cf., vegetables grow in sabulum, but not in arena) : pulvis scriptorius (used in writing) : full of sand, arenosus : sabulosus : a sand-pit, arenaria ; specus egestæ arenæ (Suetonius, Ner., 48) : a sand-bank, syrtis or (in pure Latin) pulvinus (Serv. ad Æn. 10, 303) : to be left on the sands, æstu destitui (Curtius) : to build on the sand (figuratively), non certa spe niti ; non firmo fundamento niti ; alicujus rei fundamenta sua tamquam in aqua ponere (Cicero, Fin., 2, 22, 72) : consisting of sand, arenaceus : a grain of sand, granum or mica arenæ.
SAND, v., i. e., to strew or cover with sand, * arena, glarea, sternere, conspergere aliquid.
SANDBOX, * pyxis, theca, pulveris scriptorii.
SAND-STONE, saxum arenaceum.
SANDAL, solea : crepida (Cicero). A little sandal, crepidula (Plautus) : wearing sandals, crepidatus : a sandal-maker, solearius (Plautus) ; crepidarius sutor (Gellius).
SANDARACH, sandaraca (Plinius).
SANDY, || Full of sand, arenosus : sabulosus [SYN. in SAND]. A sandy soil, solum arenosum, sabulosum (Plinius, Columella) ; terra quam steriles arenæ tenent (Curtius 7, 4, 27). || Consisting of sand, arenaceus. || Red (of hair), rufus : rufulus.
SANDWICH, * offula carnis interjecta duobus frustis panis butyro illitis.
SANE, || Of the body, sanus : validus. || Of the mind, sanus : integer : animi or mentis integer, compos.
SANGUINARY, Vid. BLOODY.
SANGUINE, || Abounding with blood, sanguine abundans : plethoricus (technical term). || Fervent, ardent, ardens : fervidus : acer : fervidioris ingenii : vehemens. || Bold, confident, vid.
SANITY, mens sana : ratio integra.
SAP, s., || Properly, succus. || Figuratively, succus : vis : gravitas.
SAP, v., subruere (the proper word) : suffodere (to undermine).
SAPIENT, Vid. WISE.
SAPLESS, || Properly, exsuccus (Seneca), succo carens. || Figuratively, exsuccus : aridus (Quintilianus). A dry and sapless speech, oratio arida (Quintilianus), jejuna, exilis, languida (Cicero).
SAPLING, surculus (general term) : palmes, -itis ; flagellum (of the vine).
SAPPER, qui (mœnia, etc. ) subruit : Cf., cunicularius, Vegetius = miner.
SAPPHIRE, sapphirus (Plinius).
SARCASM, * dictum aculeatum, mordax ; plural, facetiæ acerbæ : acerbæ dictorum contumeliæ : dicteria (Cicero, Fragm. ). Cf., Sarcasmus, in Greek characters, Quintilianus, 8, 6, 57.
SARCASTIC, acerbus (bitter ; e. g., wit, facetiæ) : mordax (biting).
SARCASTICALLY, facetiis acerbis (e. g., irridere aliquem).
SARCOPHAGUS, sarcophagus (Juvenalis).
SARSAPARILLA, * smilax sarsaparilla (Linnæus).
SARSENET, * pannus sericus.
SASH, || A girdle, cingulus : cingulum (Cf., zona, “a girdle, ” constructed for carrying things instead of a pocket). || Window-frame, * margo ligneus fenestrarum ; * clathri fenestrarum (with reference to the divisions).
SASSAFRAS, * laurus sassafras (Linnæus).
SATAN, Satanas, -æ, masculine.
SATANICAL, by circumlocution with Satanas.
SATCHEL, sacculus : saccellus.
SATELLITE, satelles, -itis, masculine and feminine.
SATIATE, satiare (to cause anybody to have enough of anything, properly and figuratively) ; with anything, aliqua re : saturare (to fill so that the person is incapable of taking any more, properly and figuratively) ; with anything, aliqua re : exsatiare (to satisfy fully ; vino ciboque, Livius) : exsaturare (Cicero, stronger than saturare). To satiate one’s self, se usque ad nauseam ingurgitare ; vino ciboque exsatiari : I am satiated with anything, satietas alicujus rei me tenet ; me tædet or pertæsum est alicujus rei (am wearied of it even to loathing) : explere (to fill, quench ; properly and figuratively) : satietatem or fastidium afferre ; satietatem creare ; fastidium movere alicui ; tædium afferre ; tædio officere aliquem ; nauseam facere (figuratively).
SATIETY, satietas (properly and figuratively ; including the idea of excess) : saturitas (without the idea of excess and disgust) : fastidium (loathing, from excess).
SATIN, * sericus pannus densus et collustratus.
SATIRE, satira : carmen satiricum (late). To make or publish a satire, carmen, etc., facere, condere, edere. Vid. also, SATIRIZE.
SATIRICAL, satiricus (properly) : acerbus : mordax (figuratively).
SATIRICALLY, acerbe : facetiis acerbis (e. g., irridere aliquem).
SATIRIST, satirarum scriptor : satirici carminis scriptor (late). κυρικιμασαηικο SATIRIZE, distringere : perstringere (to censure) : carpere, also with vocibus, sinistris sermonibus, or dente maledico (to rail at) : vexare : exagitare : peragere (to disturb with censure, to attack violently ; peragere in Cœlius, in Cicero, Ep., 8, 8, 1) : conscindere : proscindere (to cut up ; proscindere also with convicio or conviciis) : lacerare (aliquem or alicujus famam = “to tear one’s reputation to pieces ;” also with verborum contumeliis, probris) : facetiis acerbis irridere aliquem (to mock anybody satirically). To satirize one in a poem, mordaci carmine destringere aliquem : to satirize one publicly, traducere aliquem per ora hominum : to satirize without mercy, vocis libertate aliquem perstringere.
SATISFACTION, || Content, satisfactio (general term) : solutio (a paying) : expletio (of a wish, necessity).
Satisfaction of one’s wish, eventus ad spem respondens : to give satisfaction [vid.
SATISFY]. || Atonement, amends, satisfactio (satisfaction for an injury ; e. g., for killing a person) : pœna (general term for punishment) : piaculum (in religious matters) : placamentum (that by which satisfaction is made). A sacrifice of satisfaction, * mors qua numen placatur or expiatur : to require satisfaction from anybody, piaculum ab aliquo exigere : to make satisfaction for anything, expiare aliquid ; by anything, aliqua re : to have received satisfaction, satisfit mihi : to receive satisfaction for anything, satisfactionem recipere pro re : to seek satisfaction from anybody, pœnam ab aliquo expetere : to demand satisfaction, res repetere (of the Fetialis, who demanded satisfaction from the enemy ; also of a buyer who claims an allowance for defective goods, etc). SATISFACTORILY, bene : satis bene (well enough) : ex sententia (with, or more commonly without, mea, tua, nostra, etc. ; as one could have wished). All has ended satisfactorily, omnia evenerunt ex sententia : to prove satisfactorily that, etc., (argumentis) convincere (with accusative and infinitive).
SATISFACTORY, in quo acquiescas (that quite answers our wish) : idoneus (fit) : probabilis (Cicero ; good, worthy of approbation) : or by the verbs.
SATISFY, satisfacere alicui (the proper word) : explere aliquem or aliquid (especially, like satiare or saturare, to satisfy the desires or passions) : alicui probari (to meet with approval) : respondere alicui or alicui rei (to answer ; of persons or personified things). To satisfy one’s creditors, creditoribus satisfacere ; creditores absolvere or dimittere (vid. Gierig., Plin., Ep. 2, 4, 2) : to satisfy one’s wish, voluntati alicujus satisfacere or obsequi ; aliquem or animum alicujus explere ; optatis alicujus respondere : to satisfy the expectations of
anyone, exspectationem alicujus explere ; respondere alicujus exspectationi (opposed to decipere alicujus exspectationem) : to be satisfied, contentum esse ; with anything, aliqua re (or, after the Augustin age, followed by an infinitive ; to be content) : satis habere (followed by an accusative and infinitive, or by a simple infinitive ; to hold or esteem sufficient) : acquiescere in re (to rest in anything, not to desire more) : to be satisfied with little, parvo contentum esse ; parce vivere : to be satisfied with what one has, suis rebus contentum esse. Vid. also, SATIATE, PAY, CONVINCE.
SATRAP, satrapes, -is ; or satrapa, -æ, masculine.
SATURATE, Vid.
SATIATE.
SATURN (the planet), stella Saturni : stella Saturnia.
SAUCE, condimentum (that which seasons) : jus : liquor : liquamen (gravy) : sorbitio : embamma (poured over food, or in which food is dipped). Hunger is the best sauce, cibi condimentum fames est (Cicero, De Fin., 2, 28, 90) ; malum panem tenerum tibi et siligineum fames reddet (Seneca, Ep., 123, 2).
SAUCE-BOX, Vid. IMPUDENT.
SAUCE-PAN, olla ; diminutive, ollula : lebes, -etis, masculine (Greek).
SAUCER, scutella (as a stand for vessels, it occurs Ulpianus, Dig., 34, 2, 19, § 10) : paropsis or parapsis, -idis, feminine (a small dessert plate).
SAUCY, etc. Vid. IMPUDENT, etc.
SAUNTER, lente incedere : tarditatibus uti in gressu mollioribus (of an affected lounging gait, Cicero, Off., 1, 36, 151), or, from the context, ambulare, ire.
SAUSAGE, farcimen : botulus (the latter, according to Gellius, a low word) : hilla (a small sausage highly seasoned) : tomaculum (a kind of sausage, mentioned by Juvenalis and Petronius, different from the botulus. Petronius, 49, speaks of tomacula cum botulis ; and ib., 31, we read fuerunt et tomacula supra craticulam argenteam ferventia). To make a sausage, farcimen facere ; intestinum farcire.
SAVAGE, adjective, || Wild, ferus : ferus incultusque : agrestis.
Savage nations, feræ incultæque gentes [vid. WILD]. || Ferocious, barbarus : ferox : ferus : sævus : natura asper : atrox. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sævus et atrox. A savage disposition, feri mores (plural, Cicero) ; immansuetum ingenium (Ovidius) : he is so savage that, asperitate ea est et immanitate naturæ, ut (Cicero).
SYN. in CRUEL.
SAVAGE, s., homo ferus incultusque.
Savages, feræ incultæque gentes.
SAVAGELY, ferociter : crudeliter : sæve. To act savagely, sævire. Vid. also, CRUELLY.
SAVE, || To preserve from destruction, to hinder from being lost, servare : conservare (opposed to perdere) : salutem dare or afferre alicui : salutis auctorem esse alicui (to save anybody from ruin) : servare ex aliqua re (to save from or out of anything, to rescue ; e. g., navem ex tempestate) : eripere alicui rei or ex aliqua re (to snatch anybody, rescue him from danger, aliquem periculo or ex periculo). To save out of the hands of the enemy, aliquem ex manibus hostium : to save from or out of anything, servare ab aliqua re (to preserve ; e. g., from death, aliquem a morte) : vindicare aliqua re and ab aliqua re (to protect, to shelter from ; e. g., from destruction or ruin, aliquem ab interitu ; to save the state from great dangers, rempublicam magnis periculis) : liberare ab aliqua re (to free from ; e. g., the town from being burnt, urbem ab incendio et flamma) : retrahere ab aliqua re (to draw back, to withdraw from anything e. g., anybody from perishing or ruin, aliquem ab interitu) : eripere ab or ex aliqua re (to snatch, to tear out of ; e. g., anybody from death, aliquem a or ex morte) : they had only saved their lives, iis præter vitam nihil erat super : to save the stale by exposing one’s own person to danger, suo periculo salutem afferre reipublicæ : he cannot be saved, is not to be saved, actum est de eo (it is all over with him) : amedicis desertus est ; omnes medici diffidunt (he is given up by the physicians) : to be anxious to save anybody, aliquem servatum velle ; aliquem salvum esse velle : to save one’s self, se servare (e. g., one’s life) : in tutum pervenire (to arrive safely at any place ; e. g., by swimming, nando) : aliquo confugere (to take refuge in a place) : to try to save one’s self, salutem petere ; saluti suæ consulere (e. g., by flight, fuga) : to save one’s self from a shipwreck by swimming, e naufragio enatare : to be saved or safe, in tuto esse ; in portu navigare (the latter, Prov., Ter., Andr., 3, 1, 22) : to save appearances [vid. APPEARANCE]. || To spare, alicujus rei compendium facere (properly and figuratively ; for which the comic writers frequently say aliquid compendii facere) : comparcere ; anything, de re (Terentius, Phorm., 1, 1, 9) : parcere alicui rei (to keep back, refrain ; e. g., verbis, Seneca, Ep., 29, 1) : Cf., Parce and comparce, with an infinitive for noli, are poetic. To endeavor to save time, temporis compendium sequi (Columella, 4, 22, 5) : to save time and trouble, tempus et operas compendii facere (after Plautus, Pœn., 1, 2, 138) : to save one anything (trouble, exertions, etc. ), alicui gratiam facere alicujus rei : to save one’s self anything, omittere aliquid (to leave off) : supersedere aliqua re (to excuse one’s self) ; also with an infinitive ; e. g., supersedissem loqui.
SAVE, SAVING, preposition, Vid. EXCEPT.
SAVING, adjective, parcus : præparcus. Vid. FRUGAL.
SAVING, s., compendium (a sparing) : quod aliquis parsimonia collegit (that which has been saved) : quod aliquis de aliqua re comparsit (that which anyone has put by from a thing ; e. g., quod servus unciatim de demenso suo comparsit, Terentius, Phorm : 1, 1, 9) : with a great saving of wood, magno ligni compendio (Plinius).
SAVINGS-BANK, * ærarium in quod conferuntur peculia ; * vindemiolæ collectæ ; or perhaps better * mensa publica, apud quam pauperum vindemiŏlæ occupantur.
SAVIOR, servator ; feminine, servatrix. THE SAVIOR OF THE WORLD, Salvator (Tertullianus) : sospitator (Appuleius) : * nostræ salutis Auctor : humani generis Assertor (Muret). Cf., Salutis Auctor, or the like, is better, in this sense, than Servator ; because, while Servator does mean savior or deliverer (e. g., servator reipublicæ, Cicero ; servator mundi, properly), it was also employed (poetically) to signify merely “one who watches or tends” (e. g., servator Olympi, Lucanus ; servator nemoris, Statius) ; and hence servator animarum may be = “one who has the care of souls ;” although other renderings of that phrase are preferable, on account of the equivocal meaning.
SAVOR, s., odor (ὀσμή, scent, general term) : nidor (of fat, etc., burning ; e. g., of a sacrifice, κνίσσα). Agreeable savor, odor suavis ; odorum suavitas (εὐοσμία) : pleasant savor arising from flowers, suavitas odorum, qui afflantur e floribus.
SAVOR, v., sapere or resipere aliquid (properly) ; redolere (figuratively).
SAVORY, s., * satureia hortensis (Linnæus).
SAVORY, adjective, boni, jucundi, suavis saporis : quod jucunde sapit (having a good flavor) : bene olens (Cicero) : odoratus (Ovidius, Plinius) : odorus (Ovidius) : odoratus (Plinius, sweet-smelling).
SAW, s., serra (general term) : serrula (a little saw) : lupus (a hand-saw). The grating noise of a saw, stridor : a grating saw, serra stridens (Lucretius) : toothed, jagged like a saw, serratus : the blade of a saw, lamina serræ : the tooth of a saw, dens serræ : to cut anything through with a saw, serra dissecare aliquid.
SAW, v., || Intransitively, serram ducere. || Transitively, serra secare or dissecare aliquid. To saw off, serra præcidere (Columella), serrula desecare ; lupo desecare ; lupo resecare (with a hand-saw) : to saw a tree into planks or boards, arborem in laminas dissecare : to saw round, serrula circumsecare : to saw marble, marmor secare (Plinius). To saw asunder, aliquem medium serra dissecare (as a mode of execution, Suetonius, Cat., 27).
SAW-DUST, scobs or scobis (Columella, Horatius, Sat. ) : serrago (Cœlius Aur. ). The borer makes shavings, not saw-dust, terebra, quam Gallicam dicimus, non scobem, sed ramenta facit (Columella, De Arb., 8, 3).
SAW-FISH, * squalus pristis (Linnæus).
SAW-FLY, * tenthredo (Linnæus).
SAW- MILL, * machina (Cf., not mola) qua robora aliarumque arborum trunci in asses dissecantur.
SAW- PIT, * fossa serratoria.
SAWYER, * sector tabularum : qui serram ducit.
SAXIFRAGE, saxifraga (Plinius, Linnæus).
SAY, dicere (to speak ; general term)
: loqui (to utter, not to be silent) : fari (not to be speechless ; and in the Golden Age poetical for loqui) : elŏqui (to utter aloud or boldly, to speak out) : proloqui : profiteri (to give utterance to thoughts hitherto kept secret) : proferre, afferre aliquid (to bring forward) : pronuntiare : edicere (to proclaim publicly) : edere (to publish, make known) : aio (to affirm ; opposed to nego) : memorare (Plautus) : commemorare (Terentianus, and especially in the language of common life) : narrare (to relate). To say nothing of this, hoc ut omittam, (silentio) prætermittam : to say what one thinks, sententiam suam dicere ; dico quid sentiam : I say what I think, dico quod sentio : have you anything else to say to me? num aliquid aliud me vis? (Terentius, Phorm., 1, 2, 101). Cf., We often find cedo, especially in familiar conversation, in such phrases as – say, what shall I do? cedo, quid faciam? Everything that we say, omne quod eloquimur (Cicero) : to say for certain, pro certo dicere (Cicero), ponere (Livius) : let them say what they have done, edant et exponant quid gesserint (Cicero) : what do you say? quid narras? (Terentianus) : I do not understand what you say, quid narres, nescio (Terentianus) : they say (indefinitely), dicunt ; aiunt ; ferunt ; loquuntur ; narrant ; dicitur ; fertur ; traditur, narratur. It is said that I, you, etc., dicor, diceris, with a nominative ; e. g., Aristæus inventor olei esse dicitur, is said to have been. To say, followed by a negative, is often expressed by nego ; e. g., he said that it was not expedient, negavit utile esse. To say yes, aio (always denotes the conviction of the speaker) ; affirmare (to maintain for certain) : to say no, nego. It is commonly said, hæc est una vox omnium ; omnium sermone celebratur : not to say a word, nullam vocem emittere (Livius) ; nullam reddere vocem (Curtius) ; ne hiscere quidem audere (Livius, not to venture to speak). Don’t say a word about it, hæc tibi soli dicta puta ; hæc tu tecum habeto : hoc tibi in aurem dixerim ; arcano tibi ego hoc dixi ; hoc lapidi dixerim ; Cf., not sub rosa hoc tibi dixerim, which is not Latin. I have heard say, or hear it said, audio ; audivi ; accepi ; certior factus sum ; mihi nuntiatum, ad me perlatum est ; ad aures meas pervenit. I only said so, I said it in joke, per jocum dixi ; jocatus sum ; temere, non serio dixi. Do you really say so? ain’ tu? itane? hem, quid narras? No sooner said than done, dictum factum (Terentianus) ; temporis puncto (Cæsar) : to say that a thing must, or must not be done, dicere, jubere, ut ; dicere, jubere ne vetare with accusative and infinitive : to say = advise, Vid. I do not say, or will not say, non dico : non dicam (when the notion thus suppressed says less than a second) : ne dicam : nedum (not to say, when the notion thus suppressed, but which might be said, says more than what is said). I will not say. . . but only, non dicam. . . sed, non mode. . . sed (Zumpt, 724). I heard anybody say [vid. say under To HEAR]. I say no more, nihil dico amplius. I will only say this, unum illud dico ; tantum dico. I say, (α) when a speaker merely repeats his observation, inquam : (β) “say rather” when a speaker corrects himself, quid dico?. . . imo vero ; autem. . . imo (vero, etiam) ; e. g., we wish to be at Rome on the twentieth ; do I say wish? I should rather say we are compelled to be there, Romæ a. d. XIII. Cal. volumus esse ; quid dico, volumus? imo vero cogimur. What a retinue! retinue do I say? I should rather say, what a large army, qui comitatus ; comitatum dico? imo vero quantus exercitus. You must bear with my mistake ; bear with it, do I say ? I should rather say, you must lend your assistance, ferendus tibi in hoc meus error ; ferendus autem? imo vero etiam adjuvandus. || After a parenthesis, or in resuming a subject, “I say” is rendered by inquam (after one or more words of a clause) : ceterum (at the beginning of a clause ; vid. Livius, 38, 55, 4). || A s a short parenthesis, “I say, ” “said he, ” inquam, inquit (not at the beginning of a clause, but always after one or more words, and always before the name of (he speaker) : ait : Cf., inquam, inquit, when the words of a speaker are directly quoted ; ait, when the sense only is given, or the quotation is indirect : (as Cicero says), (ut ait Cicero). || To say to anything (= express the opinion one entertains upon the subject), censere, judicare, etc. You will see what the physcian says to it, videbis, quid medico placeat. What will people say to it? quid homines judicabunt? qui erit rumor populi? (comedy). What do you say to it? quid tibi videtur? quid censes? SAYING, dictum : effatum. Cf., This word is often implied in the use of a neuter pronoun, without any substantive expressed, followed by a genitive ; e. g., præclarum illud Platonis, an excellent saying of Plato : an old or common saying ; vid. PROVERB.
SCAB, scabies (Celsus) : scabrities (itch, Columella) : mentagra (on the head).
SCABBARD, vagina : to draw a sword out of the scabbard, gladium e vagina educere (Cicero) ; telum vagina nudare (Nepos) : to put up into the scabbard, gladium in vaginam recondere (Cicero, Cat., 1, 2, 4) ; gladium vaginæ reddere (Valerius Max. ).
SCABBY, scabiosus : to be scabby, scabie laborare.
SCABIOUS, s., (A plant), * scabiosa (Linnæus).
SCAD, * scomber trachurus (Linnæus). Vid. also, SHAD.
SCAFFOLD, tabulatum (any boards raised in stories ; e. g., by builders) : machina (any artificial stage) : pulpitum, catasta (a scaffold or stage made of boards, for some given purpose ; pulpitum, especially for actors and orators ; catasta, on which slaves were exposed for sale).
SCAFFOLDING, machina ædificationis : tabulatum, or plural, tabulata.
SCALADE, * ascensus urbis scalis tentatus (after partim scalis ascensus tentant, Livius), or urbis ascensus only (after homines ab ejus templi aditu atque ascensu repulisti, Cicero, Dom., 21 ; so aditum ascensumve difficilem præbere, Livius, 25, 36) ; or by circumlocution with impetu facto scalis capere, etc. Vid. to SCALE.
SCALD, * aqua calida or fervida urere ; aqua ferventi perfundere aliquid (to throw scalding water upon) : scalding hot, fervens ; fervidus.
SCALE, s., || Of a balance, lanx : scales, trutĭna (τρυτάνη : properly the hole in which the tongue of the balance plays ; then general term for balance : trutinæ, quæ stateræ dicuntur, Vitruvius, 10, 3, 8, 4) : libra (a pair of scales) : statera (mostly steelyard ; seldom pair of scales) : to weigh in a scale, pendere ; trutinâ examinare (Cicero, De Or., 2, 38, 159). Not to weigh in too nice a scale, non aurificis statera, sed populari trutĭnâ examinare : to hold the scale even, binas lances æquato examine sustinere (Vergilius, properly) ; æquabilem juris rationem tenere (Cicero, figuratively). The scale turns [vid. TURN]. || A thin lamina, squama (as, of a fish) : covered with scales, squamis obductus or intectus ; squamosus : to take off scales from fish, pisces desquamare.
SCALE, v., || Transitively, To strip off scales, desquamare (general term) ; or desquamare pisces (fishes). || To pare the surface from, summum corticem desquamare (of the bark of a tree) ; also, decorticare arborem, or corticem arbori in orbem detrahere (all round). || To climb as by ladders [vid. to CLIMB]. to scale the wall, scalas mœnibus applicare or admovere (to put the scaling-ladders to the wall) : scalis muros adoriri (to attack it) : scalas erigi jubere (to order the scaling-ladders to be used) : murum or in murum ascendere : in murum (muros), in mœnia evadere (of the enemy, but also of the inhabitants of a town) : impetu facto urbem scalis capere (to take by scaling) : to endeavor to scale ascensum urbis scalis tentare. || Intransitively, To pare off, desquamari (of bodies covered with scales) : squamulæ ex cute decedunt or a cute resolvuntur ; squamæ a cute recedunt or ex cute secedunt (relating to the skin) ; also, * furfures cutis abscedunt.
SCALING-LADDER, scala : Cf., not sambrica. κυρικιμασαηικο SCALLION, * allium schœnoprasum (Linnæus).
SCALLOP, s., || A kind of shell-fish, pecten, -inis, masculine ; diminutive, pectunculus. || A hollow cut in the edge of anything, incisura.
SCALLOP, v., * incisuris distinguere ; * serratim scindere (Appuleius).
SCALLOPED, serrato ambitu : serratim scissus.
SCALP, s., corium capitis ; or, for the skull, general term, cranium ; calvaria (Celsus) ; calva (Livius).
SCALP, v., alicui cutem detrahere (to flay), or * corium detrahere capiti.
SCALY, squamosus : squamis intectus, obductus.
SCAMMONY, scammonia (Cicero, Plinius) ; * convolvulus scammonia (Linnæus).
SCAMPER, abripere se : avolare (to hasten away) : proripere se ex loco (to get quickly out
of a place) : fugĕre : fugæ se mandare ; in fugam se conjicere fugam capere or capessere (to flee).
SCAN, || To measure verses, pedes versus syllabis metiri (Cicero, Or., 57, 194 ; Kraft adds, versum per pedes metiri : pedes versiculi enumerare, from the grammarians) : Cf., scandere versum is low Latin (Diomed. ). || To examine narrowly, expendere ; perpendere ; pensitare : examinare ; ponderare.
SCANDAL, || Thai which sets a bad example, res mali or pessimi exempli. || That which brings discredit or occasions reproach, res insignis infamiæ. || Reproachful aspersion, calumuia ; criminatio ; labes or labecula alicui aspersa.
SCANDALIZE, Vid. OFFEND, DEFAME.
SCANDALOUS, || That sets a bad example, mali or pessimi exempli : exemplo haud saluber. || That gives offence, quod offensioni est, offensionem habet or affert : quod offendit : quod non vacat offensione. || Disgraceful, insignis infamiæ : || Defamatory, reproachful, vid.
SCANDALOUSLY, || Setting a bad example, pessimo exemplo. || Disgracefully, badly, vid.
SCANT, SCANTY, exiguus : tenuis : angustus (narrow ; hence insufficient ; e. g., res frumentaria). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tenuis et angustus : angustus : contractus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) angustus et contractus.
SCANTILY, exigue : tenuiter : parce (sparingly) : maligne (e. g., præbere aliquid). To be scantily supplied with anything, aliqua re anguste uti (Cæsar).
SCANTINESS, Use the adjectives.
SCANTLING, Vid. LITTLE.
SCAR, cicatrix. Covered with scars, alicuicatricosus. Scars on the breast, cicatrices adverso corpore acceptæ ; cicatrices adversæ. To return from war covered with honorable scars, cicatrices ex bello domum referre : to receive scars in war, cicatrices in bello accipere or suscipere.
SCARAMOUCH, Vid.
SASCAL, SCOUNDREL.
SCARCE, rarus (found only seldom, or in small quantities ; happening but seldom, etc. ) : angustus (e. g., res frumentaria) : tenuis (opposed to amplus, copiosus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tenuis et exiguus. Vid. also, RARE.
SCARCELY, vix : ægre [SYN. in HARDLY]. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) vix ægreque : scarcely, if at all, vix aut ne vix quidem ; vix aut omnino non ; vix vixque : to be scarcely able to restrain one’s self, vix se continere posse ; ægre se tenere : scarcely thirty, vix triginta : scarcely anybody, vix quisquam ; nemo fere (so nullus fere ; nihil fere ; numquam fere). It can scarcely be told, dici vix potest, or vix potest dici (Cf., not vix dici potest). || (With pluperfect) = when : vix or vixdum – quum : commodum or commode – quum : tantum quod – quum [vid. examples under HARDLY]. Cf., The quum is sometimes, but rarely, omitted ; thus, qui tantum quod ad hostes pervenerat. Datames signa inferri jubet (Nepos). || Only just now, vixdum ; vix tandem ; tantum quod ; modo. Marcellus, who had scarcely ceased to be a boy, Marcellus tantum quod pueritiam egressus (Suetonius). || Scarcely. . . much less, vixdum – nedum (e. g., vixdum libertatem, nedum dominationem modice ferre).
SCARCENESS, SCARCITY, angustiæ (e. g., rei frumentariæ, rei familiaris) : paucitas (e. g., oratorum). A time of scarceness, annus sterilis. This year was a time of great scarceness, hoc anno frumentum angustius provenit (Cæsar, B. G. 5, 24) : scarcity of money, argentaria inopia (Plautus) ; difficultas nummaria (Terentianus) ; difficultas rei nummariæ (Cicero).
SCARE, Vid. FRIGHTEN.
SCARECROW, formido (†) : linea pennis distincta (a line with feathers, Seneca, De Ira, 2, 12, 2).
SCARF, fascia (militaris, muliebris, funebris) : Cf., cingulum = belt, girdle.
SCARIFICATION, scarificatio (Columella).
SCARIFY, scarificare ; scarificationem facere.
SCARLET, s., coccum (the dye) : color coccineus (scarlet color) : scarlet cloth, coccum (Suetonius, Ner., 30 ; Sil. Ital., 17, 396). Adorned with scarlet and gold, auro et cocco insignis (after Livius, 34, 7, 6 ; Curtius, 3, 13, 7). Clothed in scarlet, coccinatus (Suetonius, Dom., 4).
SCARLET, adjective, coccineus or coccinus ; cocco tinctus (dyed scarlet). A scarlet dress, vestis coccinea or coccina (Mart., 14, 31 ; Juvenalis, 3, 283) : coccum (Suetonius, Ner., 30 ; Sil. Ital., 17, 396) : scarlet garments, coccina, -orum, neuter (Mart., 2, 39).
SCARLET FEVER, * febris purpurea or scarlatina (technical term).
SCARLET oak, ilex (Plinius) : * quercus ilex (Linnæus) : Scarlet convolvulus, * ipomæa coccinea (Linnæus) : scarlet horse-chestnut, * pavia (Linnæus) : scarlet jasmine, * bignonia (Linnæus) : scarlet lobelia, * lobelia cardinalis (Linnæus) : scarlet lupin, * lytharus (Linnæus).
SCARP, declivitas valli interior.
SCATE, squatina (Plinius) : * squalus squatina (Linnæus).
SCATTER, || Transitively, spargere (the proper word) : jacere (to throw out) : severe (to sow ; all properly and figuratively) : disseminare (figuratively, to scatter abroad) : dispergere, dissipare (to scatter abroad, properly and figuratively) : differre (figuratively, to carry about, spread abroad ; all these ; e. g., of conversation, reports) : To scatter the enemy, hostes fugare, dispellere (Cicero) ; dissipare (Cæsar) : to scatter the seeds of discord, serere causam discordiarum ; semina discordiarum or odiorum jacere (spargere) ; also simply discordias serere : among citzens, civiles discordias serere ; civium dissensiones ccmmovere or accendere : scattered reports, disseminati dispersique sermones ; sparsi rumores (disseminationes in late writers). || Intransitively, spargi ; distrahi ; in diversa discedere.
SCAVENGER, purgator cloacarum (Firmianus, Math., 8, 20) : * purgator viarum (publicarum) : * qui vicos (or perhaps better vias) purgat.
SCENE, scena (properly and figuratively) ; also figuratively, spectaculum : scene of action, arena (literally, wrestling-place) : campus (literally, field) : theatrum (theatre, place of exhibition). A noisy scene, turba : an unheard-of scene, miraculum : bloody scenes, res cruentæ. The various scenes of war, varium genus bellorum.
SCENERY, loca, plural, (general term for places) : amœnitas locorum (i. e., beautiful scenery).
Running brooks contribute very much to the beauty of scenery, ad amœnitatem locorum salientes rivi plurimum conferunt (Cicero).
SCENIC, scenicus (Cicero, Quintilianus).
SCENT, s., || The power of smell, odoratio (perception by means of the olfactory nerves) : odoratus (sense or faculty of smelling) : Cf., olfactus instead of odoratus and odor are poetical only. || The exhalation of anything, odor, odor (general term, both good or bad smell) : nidor (κνίσσα) : spiritus (e. g., of flowers ; to live on the scent of flowers, spiritu florum naribus hausto victitare) : anhelitus (of spirits). A bad scent, odor malus or teter ; odor fœdus : fœtor (the latter, stronger terms). A pleasant or agreeable scent, odor suavis : suavitas odoris : a strong scent, odor gravis : to have a scent, odorem habere, præstare, emittere (poetically, spargere, spirare, diffundere) : to have a fine scent, bene or jucunde olere : to have a bad scent, male olere ; fœtere. The agreeable scent of flowers, suavitas odorum, qui afflantur e floribus : to have a scent of such and such a thing (= to smell like so and so), olere or redolere. Anything loses its scent, alicujus rei odor non permanet integer (after Columella, 12, 51 [49], 3) : without scent, odore carens : ex aliqua re odor non afflatur or odores non afflantur : to be without scent, nihil olere (to smell of nothing). || (Of dogs), sagacitas : a dog of good scent, canis sagax, or canis vestigator. To follow the scent, [vid. To SCENT] : to be on the scent, odoratu sentire aliquid, odorari aliquid (properly) ; odorare, sentire (figuratively) : to put upon a wrong scent, a recta via abducere (properly) ; inducere aliquem in errorem (figuratively) : to get on the wrong scent, deflectere a via (properly) ; errare (figuratively). To get scent of anything ; e. g., that there is money somewhere, nummos olfacere (as Cicero, Rull., 1, 4, 11).
Should not I have got scent of this six whole months ago, when, etc., non sex totis mensibus prius olfecissem quum, etc. (Terentius, Ad., 3, 3, 42) : Cf., olet or subolet alicui aliquid comic only.
SCENT, v., || Transitively, To perceive by the smell, odorari : olfacere (to inhale any scent so as to have the olfactory
nerves affected by it ; hence to perceive = to get or have a scent of anything [vid.
SCENT, substantive) : conceptum odorem sectari (properly, of dogs, to follow the scent †) ; also, alicujus or alicujus rei vestigia persequi, or persequi aliquem or aliquid simply. || To imbue with odor, odoribus imbuere or perfundere (to perfume) : unguento perfricare (by way of anointing) : to be scented, unguenta olere (to smell of scent or perfume) : unguentis affluere (all over) : to scent one’s self, se odoribus imbuere (general term) ; se ungere : caput et os suum unguento perfricare (with unguents) : to scent with anything, suffire aliqua re ; e. g., thymo [vid. To FUMIGATE] : scented, odoratus. || To perfume, vid.
SCENT-BOX, vasculum olfactorium (Isidorus, 19, 31, extr. ).
SCEPTIC, qui contra omnia disserit : qui a rebus incertis assensionem cohibet (both after Cicero). If = unbeliever, vid.
SCEPTICAL, contra omnia disserens : a rebus incertis assentionem cohibens. A sceptical turn of mind, contra omnia disserendi ratio : qui non facile adduci potest, ut credat : incredulus (poetical, Horatius).
SCEPTICISM, ratio eorum, qui a rebus incertis assensionem cohibent (after Cicero, N. D., 1, 5, 11) : contra omnia disserendi ratio (of a sceptical turn of mind) : ratio eorum, qui contra omnia disserunt. If = unbelief, vid.
SCEPTRE, || Properly, sceptrum (regium or regis ; Cf., not regale). || Figuratively, sceptrum : regnum : imperium. To wield the sceptre, regnum administrare.
SCEPTRED, sceptrifer (Ovidius) ; sceptriger (Statius) ; sceptuchus (Tacitus, said of an Eastern viceroy).
SCHEDULE, libellus : commentarius.
SCHEME, s., Vid. DESIGN, PLAN.
SCHEME, v., Vid. To DESIGN, CONTRIVE.
SCHISM, schisma, -atis (technical term) : discidium (not dissidium, which is dissent, etc. [Madwig, however, endeavors to prove that no such word as dissidium exists. ]) SCHISMATICAL, schismaticus (technical term).
SCHOLAR, || A learner, pupil, discipulus (general term) : puer discens (a boy at school) : aiumnus disciplinæ (a youthful learner of anything) : auditor (one who attends lectures) : trio (a beginner, novice) : rudis (raw or inexperienced in any art, etc. ). My scholar, alumnus discipline meæ : to be still a scholar, scholæ adhuc operari (vid. Quintilianus, 10, 3, 13). To be anybody’s scholar, uti aliquo magistro ; uti alicujus institutione ; aliquem magistrum habere (to have anybody for a teacher) : aliquem audire (to attend anybody’s lectures) : esse or profectum esse ab aliquo (to belong to anybody’s sect). To become anybody’s scholar, tradere se alicui in disciplinam (to go to learn of anybody) : aliquem sequi or persequi (to attach one’s self to anybody’s sect). || A learned man, doctus : eruditus : doctrina instructus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) doctus atque eruditus : scholars, ii qui intelligunt ; docti atque prudentes. One who is no scholar, homo rudis (Vell., 1, 13, 4, Mummius tam rudis fuit, ut, etc. ) : homo imperitus, ignarus ; in anything, alicujus rei. An elegant scholar, homo elegans ; spectator elegans (Terentius, Eun. 3, 5, 18). A great scholar, perdoctus : pereruditus : doctus atque imprimis eruditus : mire or doctissime eruditus, etc. To be a great scholar, multa doctrina esse. A great and enlightened scholar, doctus et intelligens existimator ; homo doctus et prudens. A fine Latin scholar, * interioris Latinitatis scientissimus. The greatest Latin scholar, * Latinarum literarum princeps.
SCHOLARSHIP, disciplinæ (the single branches of learning) : literæ (learning, in as far as it is based on written documents) : scientia literarum or honestarum artium (knowledge of written documents, a being well versed in literature, etc., subjective learning or learnedness : Cf., scientia, alone, would not be Latin ; the same may be said of literatura = with the ancients letters, as means of conveying anything by writing only ; its acceptation in the sense of “learning” originates from an erroneous reading of Cicero, Phil., 2, 45, 116 ; vid. Orelli) : studia (studies ; of objects of learning) : humanitas (cultivation of the mind, inasmuch as it is acquired by occupying one’s self with the sciences).
Studies that presuppose good scholarship, studia quæ in quadam varietate literarum versantur : to acquire profound scholarship, accuratam doctrinam sibi comparare : without any scholarship, omnis oranino eruditionis expers et ignarus. He was more distinguished by his scholarship than by his dignities, clarior fuit studiis quam dignitate. A man of perfect scholarship, vir perfecta eruditione : to have or possess no scholarship, literas nescire. || By metonymy, A maintenance for the encouragement of learning, * beneficium annuum : * annua in beneficii loco præbita, or perhaps stipendium : to present anybody with a scholarship, * aliquem or alicujus tenuitatem beneficio annuo sustentare.
SCHOLAR-LIKE, doctus : eruditus. Pretty scholar-like, satis literatus. Not particularly scholar-like, mediocriter a doctrina instructus.
SCHOLASTIC, * scholasticus (σχολαστικός). In a scholastic manner, * scholasticorum more : * ut assolent in scholis.
SCHOLIAST ; e. g., of Euripides, * Græcus Euripidis explicator : of Horace, * Romanus Horatii explicator : Cf., scholiastes is now avoided by good scholars.
SCHOOL, s., ludus discendi : ludus literarum (a lower school for boys, who are compelled to learn) : schola (a higher school for youths and men, who wish to learn). To go to or attend a school, in ludum literarium itare (ire of a single time). To send anybody to school to anybody, aliquem alicujus institutioni committere ; aliquem alicui in disciplinam tradere : to make a boy attend the public schools, aliquem scholarum frequentiæ et velut publicis præceptoribus tradere (i. e., in a place where public lectures are attended by a boy residing at home ; opposed to aliquem domi atque inter privatos parietes studentem literis continere) ; studia extra limen proferre (Plinius). To be in a school, in schola sedere or assidere : not to have left school, scholam nondum egressum esse : to attend anybody’s school, alicujus scholam frequentare (properly) : in alicujus disciplinam se tradere (resolve to receive instruction for him). To attend school still (be still a pupil), scholæ adhuc operari (Quintilianus, 10, 3, 13). To leave school, scholam egredi (Quintilianus) ; divertere a schola et magistris (Suetonius, Vit., Pers., extr. ). To give up a school, (resign the office of teacher), schoram dimittere : to open a school, ludum aperire (Cicero, ad Div., 9, 18, 1) : to keep school, ludum habere (Cicero), exercere (Tacitus). Music school, ludus fidicinus (Plautus). A public school, schola publica (late). Military school, ludus militaris. A schoolmaster, vid. To have known a boy at school, puerum in ludo cognovisse (Nepos) : to return home from school, ire e ludo domum (Plautus). To tell tales out of school, dicta foras efferre, proferre.
Rules of a school, * leges quæ in schola valent or exercentur. Examination of a school, * tentatio scientiæ discipulorum : school punishment, * pœna in scholis usitata : school hours, schola. || Figuratively, This is a school of patience, * hac in re tentatur patientia nostra. I have learned in the school of experience, multis experimentis eruditus sum (after Plinius, Ep., 1, 5, 16). || The followers of a teacher, schola (general term) : disciplina (with reference to peculiar doctrines ; especially of a philosophical sect) : secta : familia (as opposed to other schools). The school of the Stoics, Stoicorum secta or familia. The founder of a school, scholæ princeps or auctor. A philosopher of the Academic school, Academicæ sectæ philosophus. To belong to the school of Zeno, esse or profectum esse a Zenone : to be of the same school, ex eadem schola esse : to be superstitiously attached to a school, scholæ me addixi velut quadam superstitione imbutus. || School-house, schola : * ædes scholarum.
SCHOOL, v., Vid. TEACH, CHIDE.
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SCHOOL-BOY, SCHOOL-GIRL, s., puer, puella, in ludum literarium itans (after Plinius, 9, 8, 8) ; puer (puella) scholæ adhuc operatus (operata) (vid. Quintilianus, 10, 3, 13) ; puer, puella, discens : Like a school-boy, * tironum more. || Hardly worthy of a school-boy, * vix tirone dignus.