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PAD, s. , pulvinus ; pulvillus (Horatius).
PAD, v. , pulvino (-is) sternere aliquid (to provide with pads) : farcire aliquid aliqua re (to stuff).
Padded, pulvillis fartus or stratus.
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PADDLE, s. , * remus curtus or brevior, or perhaps, batillus. Cf. , Palmula or palma remi is the blade of an oar ; pala, a shovel, spade.
PADDLE, v. , || To propel by a paddle, * navigium remo breviore incitare, propellere. || To beat or play with the water, * aquam, undas, leniter agitare.
PADDOCK, || A toad, bufo, -onis, m. || A small enclosure or field, septum.
PADLOCK, * sera pensilis ; or, in connection, simply sera, claustrum.
PAGAN, idololatra (Tertullianus) ; paganus (Augustin ; in classical Latin, of a village, villager) : gentilis, ethnicus (ecclesiastical) ; non Christianus (Tertullianus) ; * doctrinæ Christianæ, or sacrorum Christianorum, expers ; * falsorum or adumbratorum deorum cultor.
PAGANISM, * falsorum, etc. , deorum cultus.
PAGE, || One side of the leaf of a book, pagina (Cicero). To fill a page, paginam complere. || A boy in attendance : a royal or court page, puer ex aula (†) : minister ex pueris regiis : puer regius : puer nobilis ex regia cohorte : puer nobilis custodiæ corporis regis assuetus (Curtius, 10, 5, 17) : puer pædagogianus (Ammianus, 26, 6), plural, pædagogia (Plinius, Sallustius, Suetonius) : the royal pages, pueri regii (Livius) ; puerorum regiorum cohors, or only cohors regia : to be the king’s page, * pueri regii ministerio fungi : ad epulas regis assistere (at a banquet ; Cicero).
PAGE, v. , (a book), paginæ nota, or, plural, paginarum notis, signare.
PAGEANT, spectaculum.
PAGEANTRY, pompa : fastus, -ûs.
PAGODA, sacellum (the temple) : persona (the image of clay, etc. ).
PAIL, situlus, situla (a pitcher-like vessel for wells, etc. ) : modiolus (a pail in hydraulic machines) : hama (a pail for drawing and carrying water, especially a bucket of a fire-engine ; vid.
Plinius, Ep. , 10, 35 (42), 2. According to Salmasius, it was in the shape of a boat).
PAIN, s. , || Bodily anguish, dolor ; cruciatus (severe). To be free from pain, dolore vacare, carere dolore ; non or nihil dolere : to be in pain, suffer pain, dolere : to inflict pain, dolorem alicui facere, efficere, dare, afferre, immovere : to lose pain, dolorem abjicere, deponere. || Mental distress, grief, ægritudo, sollicitudo, (stronger) angor (Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 8, 18, angor est ægritudo premens ; also the plural, angores when the pain is frequent or lasting). Excruciating pain, dolor (Cicero, loc. cit. , dolor est ægritudo crucians). A person gives me pain, oritur mihi ab aliquo ægritudo ; aliquis mihi sollicitudinem affert ; aliquis me ægritudine or sollicitudine afficit : a thing causes pain to me, aliquid mihi solliciludini est ; aliquid me sollicitum habet : to suffer pain, in ægritudine or sollicitudine esse ; ægritudine or sollicitudine affectum esse : to suffer great pain on account of anything, sollicitudine alicujus rei vel maxime urgeri : free from pain, ægritudine or sollicitudine vacuus ; vacuus ab angoribus : freedom from pain, vacuitas a sollicitudine, or ab angoribus (cf. Cicero, De Off. , 1, 21, 73). || Penalty, pœna : under pain of death, proposita, or interposita, pœna capitis (Cæsar, Livius) ; sub mortis or capitis pœna (Suetonius).
PAIN, v. , || Bodily, dolorem alicui facere, efficere, dare, afferre, commovere. || Mentally, alicui mærorom dare ; aliquem cura et sollicitudine afficere ; alicui trisfitiam afferre : it pains me, doleo aliquid ; hoc mihi dolet (with an accusative and infinitive, or with quod).
PAINFUL, || Causing or attended with pain, acerbus ; gravis ; dolorem afferens. || Causing or attended with labor, operosus ; laboriosus ; difficilis.
PAINFULLY, || So as to cause pain of mind, acerbe ; dolenter. || With labor or pains, laboriose ; operose ; multo labore et sudore. Vid. the adjective.
PAINS, opera ; labor (labor) : contentio (exertion) : industria (unwearied exertion) : conatus, -ûs (effort) : studium (. zeal). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) conatus studiumque ; opera et studium. To take pains, operam dare or navare ; niti, eniti (to strive, exert one’s self) : laborare, elaborare (to labor upon anything). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) eniti et efficere, eniti et contendere, contendere et laborare (all usually followed by ut) ; intendere (to attempt with exertion ; followed by an infinitive) : to take very great pains, omnibus viribus contendere ; omnibus nervis conniti ; omni ope atque opera eniti (all followed by ut, etc. ) : to take pains to no purpose, operam, operam et oleum, perdere ; frustra niti : to take pains on anybody’s behalf, niti pro aliquo ; alicui opeam præstare or dicare : to take pains about anything, anquirere aliquid (to look carefully for) : sequi, persequi (to strive or endeavor after) : studere, operam dare or navare alicui rei (to make an effort for the attainment of anything).
PAINT, v. , || TRANS. , (1) Properly(a) To represent by colors, with delineation, pingere ; depingere ; coloribus reddere. To paint figures, coloribus figuras depingere : to paint a face, effingere oris lineamenta : to paint a thing after an original, similitudinem ex vero effingere. (b) To lay on colors, colorare aliquid ; colores inducere alicui rei ; fucare ; infucare ; pigmentis illinere : to paint white, albos colores alicui rei inducere ; cerussa illinere or oblinere (with white-lead) : to paint a house, ædificium expolire (Vitruvius) : painted boards, tabulæ colore fucatæ (Tacitus) : to paint one’s self (one’s face), colorem fuco mentiri ; fucare colorem. || (2) Figuratively, pingere ; depingere ; ante oculos ponere alicui aliquid : painted, fucatus, infucatus : to paint in vivid or lively colors, lectis verborum coloribus depingere aliquid (after Gellius, 14, 4, 1) : to paint anybody in his true colors, alicujus naturam certis describere signis ; perhaps * alicujus vivam or vividam imaginem exprimere ; alicujus vitia (or vitia et virtutes, as the case may be) deformare (Rutilius, Lupus) ; imaginem consuetudinis atque vitæ alicujus exprimere. || INTRANS. , pingere.
PAINT, || Properly, pigmentum (the proper word) ; also, color, fucus (properly and figuratively). To mix or prepare paint, * pigmenta temperare, subigere, miscere : prepared paints, qui arte fiunt, qui mixtione, temperatura, perficiuntur (Vitruvius) : to put on four coats of paint, quater inducere colorem picturæ : the blood of the crocodile is used as a paint, crocodili sanguine pictores utuntur. || Figuratively, color ; pigmenta, plural ; fucus : truth without paint, veritas nuda et simplex.
PAINTER, pictor (general term) ; pingendi artifex (a good painter) : qui colores rei inducit.
Painter’s materials, * pictorum instrumenta ; supellex pictoria.
PAINTING, || The art of painting, ars pingendi, ars picturæ (Cicero), or simply pictura. || The act of painting, pictura. || A picture, pictura (the painting itself without respect of the materials ; also, figuratively, of dramatic representation, or of description ; vid.
Plautus, Mil. , 4, 4, 52) : tabula or (diminutively) tabella, with or without picta (the painting and the materials) : imago, imago picta (a likeness, portrait ; also, figuratively) : to make a portrait of anything, depingere aliquid, imaginem alicujus rei exprimere (properly and figuratively) ; aliquid describere (figuratively) : to hang a painting in a good light, tabulam in bono lumine collocare.
PAIR, s. , par ; also, jugum. In pairs, bini : a pair of cups, bini scyphi (Cicero) : a pair of married people, conjuges par conjugum ; or simply conjugium (Plinius).
PAIR, v. , || TRANS. , jungere ; conjungere ; copulare ; componere. || INTRANS. , Of birds or animals, coire.
PAIRING (Of birds or animals), coitus.
Painting time, tempus quo aves coeunt.
PALACE, regia (Livius) ; domicilium regis ; ædes regiæ (Cicero) ; in later prose, palatium (Suetonius ; also, in poets of the Golden Age ; e. g. , Horatius, Vergilius). Sometimes in a wider sense, turris.
PALANQUIN, lectica (the person being recumbent) ; sella Indica gestatoria.
PALATABLE, || Properly, boni, jucundi, suavis saporis (Plinius), sapidus (Apicius). || Figuratively, suavis, dulcis (pleasant) ; jucundus, gratus, acceptus (welcome). To be palatable, jucundum esse, placere (of persons or things).
PALATE, || Properly, palatum (the organ) ; sensus gustatus (taste). A nice or dainty palate, palatum subtile (Horace). || Figuratively, sensus, -ûs ; judicium.
PALAVER, s. , || Superfluous talk, cantilena (Brut. , ap. Cic. ) ; declamatio (Auct. , Dial. de Orat. ) ; gerræ ; nugæ. || Adulatory language, blanditiæ ; blandimenta, plural, (Cicero) ; lenocinium (Tacitus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) blanditiæ et assentationes.
PALAVER, v. , || To talk superfluously, inania fundere verba ; multum esse in loquendo. || To use adulatory language, blanditias dicere alicui (Ovidius) ; blandiri alicui ; blandis verbis or blandimentis permulcere aliquem (after Cicero)
; animum alicujus blandis verbis delinire (Plinius) ; auribus alicujus servire (Cæsar).
PALE, s. , palus (general term for any pole ; e. g. , a hedge-stake, especially for fastening anything to ; e. g. , a vine) ; sudes (shaped and pointed at the top). Cf. , Stipes and vallus were larger stakes, which required to be driven in.
PALE, v. , (To fence with pales), stipitibus sepire (e. g. , ut locus. . . stipitibus robustis sepiatur ; inscriptions, Orell. , 642) ; or * sudibus stipitibusque (Cæsar) : sepire. Cf. , Not palare, which is only found in the sense of “staking” vines, etc. , and “driving in piles” for a foundation.
PALE, adjective, pallidus : luridus (of a yellow paleness in a bad sense) : exsanguis (without any blood in the face, from fear, rage, etc) : cadaverosus (cadaverous). As pale as a corpse, cadaverosa facie : somewhat pale, subpallidus ; pallens : very pale, perpallidus, exsanguis : to grow pale, pallescere, expallescere, exalbescere : he became red at one moment, and pale at another, modo erubuit, modo expalluit : to be pale, pallere.
PALENESS, pallidus color ; pallor : a deadly paleness, exsanguis funereusque color.
PALETTE, * discus colorum.
PALFREY, equus phaleratus ; * equus magnifice ornatus.
PALINODE, palinodia (Macrobius) ; or by circumlocution with quod cecini (dixi, etc. ), ut indictum sit, revocare (Livius, 5, 15, 20). Vid. RECANT.
PALISADE, vallum ; pali (plural) ; sudes : to erect a palisade, sudes stipitesque defigere : a large palisade, magnum numerum palorum instituere (Cæsar).
PALISH, subpallidus ; pallens.
PALL, s. , || Mantle of state, pallium. [Vid. also, CLOAK. ]|| Covering of a bier, pallium (Appuleius ; Ovid uses this word for a covering of a bed, coverlet) : * tegumentum, velamentum, capuli or feretri.
PALL, v. , TRANS. , facere satietatem alicujus rei. || INTRANS. , (upon the taste) ; nulla est voluptas alicujus rei (Juvenalis) ; aliquid nil sapit (Juvenalis) ; vapidi, infirmi esse saporis (figuratively) ; jejunum, insulsum esse ; satietas alicujus rei capit aliquem ; aliquis alicujus rei suavitatem non (jam) sentit.
PALLET, || A low or mean bed, grabatus (Cicero). || Palette, * discus colorum.
PALLIATE, rem colorare nomine aliquo (by a pretext, Valerius Max. , 8, 2, 2) ; rem involucris tegere et quasi velis obtendere ; also, velare rem only : to palliate anything by any excuse, prætendere aliquid alicui rei ; rem tegere or occultare aliqua re ; rem excusatione alicujus rei tegere (by excuses ; vid. Cicero, Læl. , 12, 43) ; rem in alicujus rei simulationem conferre (under a pretext ; vid. Cæsar, B. C. , 1, 40) : to endeavor to palliate anything by some pretext, velamentum alicui rei quærere (Seneca, De Vit. Beat. , 12) : rei deformi dare colorem (Cæsar, B. C. , 3, 32 ; Quintilianus, 3, 8, 44) : to endeavor to palliate one’s guilt by fine words, splendida verba prætendere culpæ suæ (Ovidius, Rem. , 240) ; honesta præscriptione rem turpem tegere, vitia sua fucare, colorare.
PALLIATION, excusatio ; aliquid excusationis : nomen ; velamentum ; color. Vid. the verb.
PALLIATIVE, || Remedy that lessens the severity of a disorder, * remedium morbum mitigans (morbum mitigare, Plinius) : * remedium spiritum prorogandi. || Palliation, vid.
PALLID, Vid.
PALE.
PALM, || A kind of tree, palma (also, a branch of palm, Plinius). || Fruit of this tree, palma (Plinius) ; palmula (Varro) ; dactylus (Pall. ). || The inner part of the hand, palma ; palmus ; vola (hand spread out). || Figuratively, Triumph, palma ; victoria : deserving of the palm, palmaris (Cicero) ; palmarius (Terentianus). || Measure of length, palmus (Cf. , the palmus minor was the breadth of four fingers joined together, Vitruvius ; the major was a span, or twelve Roman inches, Varro).
PALMER, Vid.
PILGRIM.
PALMER-WORM, eruca (Columella).
PALMISTER, chiromantis, -idos (but use the Greek χειρόμαντις ; the word was not adopted into the Latin language).
PALMISTRY, chiromantia (use the Greek χειρομαντεία) ; or, by circumlocution, * ars e manuum lineamentis futura prædicendi.
PALMY, florens.
PALPABLE, || Properly, by circumlocution with sentire, or manu tractare (palpabilis late, Oros. ). || Figuratively, manifestus ; evidens ; certus et exploratus : to receive a palpable hit, luculentam plagam accipere (Cicero).
PALPITATE, palpitare.
PALPITATION, palpitatio (e. g. , cordis, oculorum, Plinius).
PALSICAL,
PALSIED, paralyticus ; membris iners or captus.
PALSY, paralysis ; nervorum remissio or resolutio. Vid. APOPLEXY.
PALTRY, contemnendus ; despiciendus ; vilis.
PAMPER, saginare ; pinguem facere. To pamper one’s self, saginari (aliqua re) ; (largius) invitare se (cibo, vino, etc. ).
PAMPHLET, libellus in vulgus emissus ; or simply libellus : to distribute pamphlets, libellos dispergere (Tacitus, Dial. , 9, 3).
PAMPHLETEER, * qui libellos conscribit or dispergit.
PAN, || A kind of vessel, * lacus (general term) ; sartago (for roasting or baking in, Plinius) : a fire-pan, warming-pan, batillus (Plinius). || Part of a gun, * scutula unde pulvis pyrius in telo ignifero accenditur. || Cavity in the joints of bones, acetabulum. || In architecture, cardo femina (the cavity in which the tooth [cardo masculus] turns).
PANACEA, panacea, panaces (Plinius) ; * medicamentum universale.
PANCAKE, perhaps laganum (Apicius) ; or it may be necessary to retain the word.
PANDECT, pandectes or pandecta, -æ, m. (a treatise comprehending the whole of any science) : the Pandects, Pandectæ, plural (a collection and digest of the Roman laws and legal customs, made by order of the Emperor Justinian).
PANDER, s. , leno : libidinis minister (Livius) : cupiditatum alicujus minister (Cicero) : perductor (Cicero, Verr. , 2, 1, 12). OBS. perductor applies to a single instance.
PANDER, v. , lenocinium facere (Plautus) ; libidinis administrum, adjutorem esse (Cicero).
PANE, tabula (if square) : orbis, discus (if round) : pane of glass, * tabula vitrea fenestræ, or orbis vitreus fenestræ.
PANEGYRIC, laudatio ; upon anybody, alicujus (the speech itself, and the praise it contains) : laus, laudes ; upon anybody, alicujus (the praise). Cf. , r Elogium, in this sense is not Latin, nor encomium (which has no ancient authority).
Panegyric pronounced in honor of one who is dead, laudatio mortui (general term) : laudatio funebris : laudes funebres (pronounced at his funeral). Cf. , Cicero uses panegyricus, sc. sermo, of the panegyrical orations of Isocrates ; and Quintilian uses panegyricus absolutely of such orations. To pronounce a panegyric on anybody, laudare aliquem (general term) : dicere de alicujus laudibus (in a set oration) : to pronounce a panegyric on anybody in a discourse, sermonem cum admiratione laudum alicujus instituere : to write a panegyric on anybody or anything, laudationem alicujus or alicujus rei scribere.
PANEGYRIST, laudator : prædicator : præco : buccinator (e. g. , alicujus existimationis. SYN. in PRAISER). To be the panegyrist of anything, laudare aliquid ; prædicare aliquid or de re : to be one’s own panegyrist, se ipsum laudare ; prædicare de se ipso : to be anybody’s panegyrist, laudare aliquem, or (in a set discourse), dicere de alicujus laudibus.
PANEGYRIZE, laudare aliquid ; prædicare aliquid or de re.
PANEL, abacus (Vitruvius) : tympanum (square panel of a door, Vitruvius) : laquear : lacunar (the panels of a fiat ceiling : laquear, with reference to the rope-like elevated edges, lacunar to the sunk space).
PANEL, v. , lacunare : laqueare (both of panelling a ceiling).
PANG, doloris morsus or stimulus. κυρικιμασαηικο PANIC, * terror panicus (Wyttenback) ; terror, qui πανικός ; appellatur (Hym. , Astr. , 2, 28) ; pavor quasi lymphaticus (Livius) : to strike a pανιψ into, terrorem alicui incutere (Livius), injicere, facere, efficere, inferre (Cicero) : panic-struck, exterritus ; in terrorem conjectus.
PANNIER, corbis : panniers, clitellæ.
PANOPLY, arma (plural), armatura.
PANORAMA, The word must be retained for sake of perspicuity.
PANSY, * viola tricolor (Linnæus). PANT, palpitare (Cicero) ; salire (Persius) ; trepidare (Ovidius). Figuratively, to pant after, sitire ; gravius, ardentius sitire, or concupiscere aliquid (Cicero) ; inhiare aliquid (Plautus), alicui rei (e. g. , gazis, Seneca ; prædæ, Vall. , Flacc. ).
PANTALOON, mimus ; pantomimus ; sannio (as a jester).
PANTALOONS, * braccæ (bracæ) strictæ. Cf. , Not feminalia, which were bound round the thighs, etc. , in cold weather : to put on pantaloons, braccas (bracas) sibi induere, or braccis (bracis) se induere. Vid. also, BREECHES.
PANTHEISM, * pantheismus (technical term) ; or, by circumlocution, * ratio eorum, qui omnem vim divinam in universa natura sitam esse censent (after Cicero).
PANTHEIST, * pantheista (technical term) ; or by circumlocution as above.
PANTHEON, pantheon or pantheum (Plinius).
PANTHER, panthera (Cicero) : pardus (especially the male, Curtius) : pardalis (Plinius).
PANTILE, imbrex (Plinius, Plautus).
PANTOMIME, pantomimus.
PANTRY, armarium promptuarium (Cato, 11, 3).
PAP, || Nipple, teat, papilla (Plinius ; mamma, uber = rather, the whole breast or udder). || A kind of soft food, * puls densior.
PAPACY, * papatus ; * dignitas, auctoritas, pontificia.
PAPAL, * papalis ; * pontificius ; * pontificalis : the papal system, * ratio, doctrina, formula pontificia or Romano-Catholica (Bau. ).
PAPAW, * carica papaya (Linnæus).
PAPER, s. , || Substance on which we write and print, charta (with the ancients, made from the papyrus : * chartea lintea was an invention of the 14th century) : Cf. , papyrus, in this sense, is poetical : charta tenuis (thin) : densa (thick) : candida (white) : glazed paper, charta levis, levigata ; with the ancients, charta dentata (Cicero, Quint. , Fr. , 2, 15) : blotting-paper, charta bibula : letter-paper, * charta epistolaris (as inscriptions to Mart. , 14, 11 : the ancients used charta Augusta) : * charta epistolis scribendis facta : packing-paper, charta emporetica : large paper, charta major ; charta majore modulo ; macrocollum (in the ancient sense) : small paper, charta brevior ; charta breviore forma : a quire of paper, scapus chartæ : a sheet of paper, plagula chartæ : a piece of paper, chartula ; scida, scidula (better than scheda, schedula) : of paper, chartaceus ; charteus : a paper-mill, officina chartaria : a paper-maker, chartarius : paper money, * pecunia chartacea ; or, in the sense of the ancients, tesseræ numariæ (Suetonius, Oct. , 41) : to put paper cover on a book, to bind in paper, * librum charta glutinata or massa chartacea vincire, includere. The different kinds of paper with the ancients were charta hieratica, Augusta, Liviana, Claudia ; the charta Claudia was the best. || A written document, charta ; scriptum : papers, i. e. , writings, scripta (plural) ; literæ ; libelli ; chartæ : a paper war, * bellum doctorum hominum : contemptuously, rixæ doctorum hominum (Cf. , pugna doctorum hominum = contradictions of learned men ; vid. Cicero, De Div. , 2, 31, in. ). || Newspaper, vid.
PAPER, v. , * charta or chartis vestire, exornare, aliquid.
PAPIER-MACHÉ, * massa chartacea. Anything made of papier-maché, * opus e charta densata factum. A worker in papier-maché, qui opera e charta densata facit.
PAPILLOT, * scida chartacea crinibus implicandis.
PAPIST, * pontificiæ religioni addictus : * sacra a Pontifice Romano instituta sequens : * legis Pontificis Romani studiosus.
PAPISTICAL, * papalis ; * pontificius.
PAPPY, mollis (soft) ; succi plenus (Terentianus) ; succidus, succosus (Columella, full of moisture).
PAPYRUS, papy̅rus (Plinius).
PAR, Vid. EQUAL, EQUALITY.
PARABLE, parabole, or, pure Latin, collatio (Cicero) is a simile kept up through a narrative (cf. , Quintilianus, 5, 11, 23) ; similitudo : simile (a comparison) : to deliver parables, similitudines comparare (Cicero, Ov. , 40, 138) : to employ a parable, similitudine or simili quodam uti : to speak without a parable, ut omittam similitudines (Cicero).
PARABOLICALLY, per similitudinem. To speak parabolically, ut similitudine utar.
PARADE, || Pomp, show, pompa : ostentatio : to make a parade, magnifice se inferre (Plautus), or incedere (Livius) ; se ostentare. || Military order, * pompa militaris : to be on parade, * interesse, adesse, pompæ militari. || Place where troops are marshalled, etc. , campus in quo milites exercentur (after Suetonius, Oct. , 16, in. ) ; * campus militibus instruendis, lustrandis.
PARADIGM, paradigma, -atis (grammatical technical term, Charis. Diom. ).
PARADISIACAL, * paradisiacus ; amœnissimus.
PARADISE, * paradisus (ecclesiastical) ; * horti amœnissimi ; locus amœnissimus ; sedes or domicilium beatorum (as the region of future happiness) : or locus divinæ amœnitatis recipiendis sanctorum animis destinatus (Tertullianus) : bird of paradise, Paradisea (Linnæus).
PARADOX, quod est admirabile contraque opinionem omnium (Cicero, Par. , Proœm. , 4) : paradoxes, mirabilia, quæ paradoxa nominantur (e. g. , Stoicorum, Cicero).
PARAGRAPH, caput (Cicero) ; paragraphus (Isidorus) ; sectio (grammatical) ; articulus.
PARALLEL, adjective, parallelus (Plinius) : a parallel line, linea parallelos (Vitruvius), or, as technical term, linea parallela : to be or run parallel, paribus intervallis inter se distare (after Cæsar. B. G. , 7, 23). A parallel passage, locus congruens verbis et sententiis (after Cicero, Legg. , 1, 10, 30).
PARALLEL, adverb, ordine parallelo : paribus intervallis.
PARALLEL, s. , (A comparison), contentio ; comparatio : to draw a parallel, conferre aliquid ; contentionem facere.
PARALLELOGRAM, * parallelogrammon.
PARALOGISM, Vid. SOPHISM.
PARALYSIS, paraly̆sis (παράλυσις) : nervorum remissio or resolutio. He died of paralysis the day after his first seizure, decessit paralysi, altero die quam correptus est. Vid. APOPLEXY.
PARALYTIC, paralyticus (παραλυτικός). Vid. APOPLECTIC.
PARALYZE, || Properly, debilitare : to be paralyzed, morbo, quem apoplexin vocant, corripi ; apoplexi arripi : torpere (to be quite benumbed ; e. g. , nervi, membra) : to be completely paralyzed, omnibus membris captum esse. || Figuratively, debilitare ; frangere. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) debilitare et frangere : to be paralyzed, torpere (e. g. , metu, Livius) : this misfortune had paralyzed their minds, hoc malum cum stupore et miraculo torpidos defixerat (Livius 22, 53, 6).
PARAMOUNT, summus ; præcipuus : antiquissimus (e. g. , cura). He considered it an object of paramount importance, nihil ei potius fuit, quam ut, etc. ; nihil antiquius habuit, quam ut, etc.
PARAMOUR, amans ; amator ; amasius.
PARAPET, pluteus ; lorica.
PARAPHERNALIA, i. e. , trappings, phaleræ (plural).
PARAPHRASE, s. , circuitio ; circuitus eloquendi ; circuitus plurium verborum ; circumlocutio ; Cf. , not circumscriptio, or amfractus verborum ; periphrasis is a Grecism : si non reperitur vox nostras, vel pluribus et per ambitum verborum res enuncianda est (vid. Suetonius, Tib. , 71 ; we must give a paraphrase).
PARAPHRASE, v. , pluribus verbis aliquid exponere, or explicare (Cicero, Fin. , 3, 4, 15 ; Quintilianus, 8, 6, 61) ; pluribus vocibus et per ambitum verborum aliquid enunciare (Suetonius, Tiberius, 71) ; circuitu plurium verborum ostendere aliquid (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 12) ; circumire aliquid (vid. Quintilianus, 8, 2, 17 ; 12, 10, 34) ; Cf. , circumscribere, with or without verbis, means “to explain, define. ” PARASITE, parasitus : of or belonging to a parasite, parasiticus : to play the parasite, parasitari (Plautus) : like a parasite, more or modo parasiti.
PARASITIC, parasiticus : a parasitic plant, * planta parasitica (technical term).
PARASOL, umbella (Juvenalis).
PARBOILED, semicoctus (Plinius).
PARCEL, s. , || A small pack, fasciculus : a parcel of fellows, hominum turba, grex : a parcel of rogues, sceleratorum colluvies. || Lot, division, pars.
PARCEL, v. , partiri ; dividere ; distribuere, dispertire (to p. out).
PARCHMENT, membrana (Quintilianus, Plinius) ; charta pergamena (Isidorus) : of parchment, membraneus (Pand. ) : parchment-maker, qui membranas facit, conficit.
PARDON, s. , venia ; remissio pœnæ : to beg pardon, veniam ab aliquo petere ; petere ut mihi ignoscatur ; deprecari aliquid ab aliquo (of or from anyone) : postulare ut delicto ignoscatur ; erroris veniam petere (for a fault) : postulare ut delicto ignoscat aliquis (for anyone) : a begging of pardon, deprecatio (in defence of anything wrong) : ignoscendi postulatio (prayer for forgiveness) : to grant pardon ; vid.
PARDON, v.
PARDON, v. , ignoscere (to overlook a fault ; between equals) : concedere (not to be severe or strict) : condonare (as it were, to make a present of anything), alicui aliquid ; veniam dare alicui (of superiors ; not to inflict punishment) : veniam et impunitatem dare alicui ; gratiam alicujus rei facere.
Pardon me, ignoscas quæso. Cf. , “To pardon anybody his precipitate conduct, “, etc. , should be, not ignoscere alicui festinationem (which is Ovidius, Livius), but ignoscere alicujus festinationi : but “to pardon this, that, ” etc. , is ignoscere hoc, illud, id, etc. “Pardon my boldness in doing so and so, ” is ignoscere quod hoc mihi sumo (vid. Cicero, Fam. , 7, 5 ; 13, 51, Krebs).
PARDONABLE, venia dignus : quod aliquid excusationis habet (e. g. , vitium) : cui ignoscatur (Cf. , ignoscibilis, old Latin and rare).
PARE, recidere ; circumcidere : to pare the nails, ungues subsecare (Ovidius) ; recidere (Cicero) ; ponere, or cultello purgare (Horatius) ; resecare (Plinius) : to pare fruit, * pomis cutem, or corium, detrahere, demere, eximere ; poma cute exuere.
PARENT, || Properly, parens (general term) : pater (father) : mater (mother) : the common parent, communis omnium parens ; operum (or rerum) omnium parens et effector ; summus, or maximus, mundi parens. || Figuratively, mater (e. g. , similitudo satietatis mater, Cicero) : parens
(of persons [e. g. , Socrates parens philosophiæ] ; of things, it must be used of those that are masculine, and sometimes is used of those that are feminine [terra parens omnium] : procreatrix : genitrix, feminine (e. g. , procreatrix quædam et quasi parens omnium artium est philosophia ; genitrix virtutum frugalitas). To be the parent of, alere aliquid (e. g. , honos alit artes). This opinion is the parent of many errours, hanc opinionem multi errores consecuti sunt. Sometimes causa, fons, origo (source) may serve.
PARENTAL, parentum (genitive plural) ; e. g. , parental affection, parentum amor : in a parental manner, parentum more or modo (after the manner of parents) : ut parentes solent (as parents are accustomed) : ut parentes decet (as becomes parents).
PARENTHESIS, parenthĕsis (grammatical) ; interpositio ; interclusio (as translation of the Greek παρένθεσις, Quintilianus, 1, 3, 23) : to put anything in a parenthesis, * continuationi sermonis medium interponere aliquid.
PARGET, s. , opus tectorium (Cf. , not trullissatio, trowelling).
PARGET, v. , tectorio linere, incrustare, inducere (Bau. , ).
PARHELION, parelion, imago solis (the former the Greek word, the latter the Latin translation, Seneca, N. Q. , 1, 11, 1 ; Seneca loc. cit. , says that parelia are called also simply soles ; hence two parhelia, bina parelia or bini soles : three parhelia, terna parelia or tres soles) : the sun with a parhelion, sol geminatus (Cicero, N. D. , 1, 5, 14) : two parhelia appear, soles bini apparent cœlo.
PARIETAL, By the genitive of paries.
PARIETARY, herba parietaria (Plinius, Pan. , 51) ; parietaria (Appuleius) ; * asplenium recta muraria (Linnæus).
PARING, resegmen (Plinius) ; præsegmen (Plautus).
PARISH, parœcia (Augustin ; Cf. , not parochia) : parish priest, * sacrorum antistes ; * ecelesiastes : * presbyter (not parŏchus) : parish church, * ædes sacra parœciæ : parish clerk, * famulus sacrorum.
PARISHIONER, parochialis (ecclesiastical) ; * sacro alicui cœtui ascriptus.
PARK, || A large pleasure-ground, viridarium (Cicero, pleasure-garden, planted with trees) : vivarium (as a preserve) : a park of about so many acres, septa jugera circiter (Varro). || (Of artillery), * res tormentaria ; * agger tormentarius.
PARLANCE (common), quotidiana locutio ; vulgaris sermo ; quotidiana dicendi consuetudo ; quotidianum dicendi genus.
PARLEY, s. , colloquium ; collocutio : to hold a parley, in colloquium or collocutionem venire.
PARLIAMENT, * senatus Britannicus : consilium publicum (Doer. ) ; comitia regni (Schneider) ; parlamentum (in Latin of the Middle Ages) : the Upper (Lower) House of Parliament, suprema (inferior) regni curia (Schneider) : both Houses of Parliament, uterque regni senatus (id. ) : to convene Parliament, consilium regni advocare, convocare : act of Parliament, senatus consultum ; lex (Bau. ) : House of Parliament, * regni curia ; * senatûs populique conveniendi locus : member of Parliament, * supremæ curiæ regni senator, * senator Britannicus (Schneider, of the Upper House) : * unus ex evocatis regni ; * qui lectus est in populum regni ; * qui ascriptus est ordinum conventui (of the Lower House).
PARLIAMENTARY, * secundum consuetudinem et instituta consilii publici or curiæ regni.
PARLOR, cubiculum quotidianum ; habitatio ; diæta.
PARMESAN (cheese), * caseus Parmensis.
PAROCHIAL, parochialis (ecclesiastical) ; or by the genitive of parœcia.
PARODY, s. , parodia (Greek in Quintilianus, Asconius) ; or by circumlocution, ficti notis versibus similes (Quintilianus, 6, 3, 97) ; poetæ versus ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorti (Eichst. ).
PARODY, v. , carminis argumentum ad ludum jocumque convertere ; poetæ versus ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorquere (Eichst. ).
PAROLE, promissum, fides data (word of honor).
PARONOMASIA, agnominatio (Auct. , ad Her. ).
PAROXYSM, accessio (febris, Celsus) : (doloris) morsus or stimulus (Cicero).
PARRICIDE, || Murder of a parent, parricidium ; cædes (general term for murder) : to commit parricide, parricidium or cædem facere ; parricidio se obstringere ; parricidio se inquinare or se maculare, sanguine nefando se respergere. || The murderer of a parent, parricida : patris (matris, etc. ) interfector (Quintilianus) : parricida parentis sui ; or, by circumlocution, qui patrem (matrem, etc. ) occidit or necavit : parricidio obstrictus or inquinatus.
PARROT, psittăcus (Plinius).
PARRY, || To put by a thrust, ictum or petitionem vitare, cavere, cavere et propulsare ; also (without mention of the thrust or weapon) cavere : vitare (with the sword) : Cf. , ictum declinare : petitionem declinatione et corpore effugere, or simply ictum effugere (= to avoid by a motion of the body). To parry cleverly or successfully, recte cavere : to parry and thrust, cavere et repetere. || Figuratively, To avoid, declinare, evitare, effugere.
PARSE, notare singula verba (Bau. ).
PARSIMONIOUS, parcus : tenax : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) parcus et tenax : restrictus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) restrictus et tenax.
PARSIMONIOUSLY, parce : maligne : tenuiter. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) parce ac tenuiter (e. g. , vivere, to live parsimoniously).
PARSIMONY, parsimonia (in anything, alicujus rei) : tenacitas (close-fistedness, * Livius, 34, 7, 4) : malignitas (the niggardliness that withholds from others the full measure of what is due to them).
PARSLEY, apium ; oreoselinum ; petroselinum.
PARSNEP, pastinaca (Plinius).
PARSON, * persona ecclesiæ ; * sacrorum antistes ; presbyter (presbyter) ; clericus (clergyman) ; * rerum sacrarum minister.
PARSONAGE, * domus in qui habitat clericus parochialis ; * ædes, domicilium sacrorum antistitis.
PART, || Portion, pars ; portio (part to which one has a right, portion ; Cf. , in the best prose portio occurs only in the phrase pro portione) : membrum (member of the body, of a sentence) : locus (passage, section of a book, etc. ). The middle, extreme, upper, lower part, is expressed in Latin by the adjectivesmedius, extremus, infimus, summus : by or in parts, per partes ; particulatim (opposed to summatim, or totus) ; ex parte (opposed to totus) ; carptim (opposed to universi) ; nonnulla parte : I for my part, ego quidem, equidem (according to my views, etc. ; Cf. , not quod ad me attinet) : pro mea parte (according to my power) : each for his part, pro sua quisque parte (each according to his power) : to divide into parts, in partes dividere or distribuere : to get or receive a part of anything, partem alicujus rei accipere : to have part in anything, alicujus rei participem, or in parte, in societate, alicujus rei esse ; partem or societatem in aliqua re habere (in anything good) : alicujus rei socium esse (in anything good or bad) : affinem esse alicujus rei or alicui rei (in anything bad ; e. g. , facinori) : to take part in anything, partem alicujus rei capere (e. g. , administrandæ reipublicæ ; Suetonius, Oct. , 37) : in partem alicujus rei venire ; interesse alicui rei (to be present at, to be personally concerned with ; e. g. , pugnæ) : attingere aliquid (to be engaged in) : commoveri aliqua re (to sympathize with) : to have no part in anything, alicujus rei expertem esse ; partem alicujus rei non habere ; non contulisse ad aliquid (not to have contributed to). || Party, partes (plural, implying difference of principles or interests) : factio (clique of partizans) : to take part with, alicujus partes suscipere, amplecti ; ad causam alicujus se adjungere : the one part. . . the other part, pars. . . pars ; partim. . . partim (also with a genitive or the preposition ex) ; pars or partim. . . alii, -æ, -a ; alii, -æ, -a. . . alii, -æ, -a (all of persons or of things). || Character in a play, partes (plural) ; persona : a second part, partes secundæ, or simply secundæ (properly and figuratively) : to play a second part, partes secundas agere or sustinere, in anything, in aliqua re : one who plays a second part, secundarum partium actor. || Duty, officium ; munus. It is my, your, etc. , part, meum, tuum, etc. est : it is the part of a wise man, sapientis, etc. (the substantive officium, etc. , being omitted). || Region, regio ; terra. || Plural, qualities, ingenium ; ingenii vires, virtutes, or facultates (Cf. , but facultates alone usually denotes wealth, riches).
PART, v. , || TRANS. , partiri ; dividere ; dispertire, or, more rarely, dispertiri. [SYN. and PHR. , in DIVIDE, DISTRIBUTE]. || INTRANS. , discedere (general term) : digredi (to go to different sides ; of persons) : dilabi (to separate, imperceptibly ; usually of things) : fatiscere (to form chinks or clefts ; of things) : dehiscere (to gape open) : to part from anyone, discedere ab aliquo, digredi ab aliquo (Cf. , never degredi, which is “to go or march down, ” etc. ; vid. Latin Dict. ).
PARTAKE, habere partem in aliqua re ; esse in parte, venire in partem alicujus rei ; capessere partem alicujus rei (Livius) ; participem, socium esse alicujus rei (Cicero ; to have a share or portion in) : affinem esse alicujus rei or alicui rei (Cicero, to be near or like) : implicari aliqua re (Nepos) ; venire,
accedere in societatem alicujus rei ; habere societatem in aliqua re (Cicero) esse in societate alicujus rei (Livius, to be partner in, be mixed up with) : interesse, adesse alicui rei (to be present at).
PARTAKER, s. , particeps alicujus rei (that takes part in, or has a share of anything ; e. g. , ejusdem laudis, conjurationis, voluptatis) : socius alicujus rei (that combines with others in anything ; e. g. , sceleris) : affinis alicujus rei, or alicui rei (that takes part in anything, especially anything bad ; e. g. , facinori) : compos alicujus rei (that has possession of anything, especially anything agreeable ; e. g. , consulatus, laudis, voti) : alicujus rei potens (master of ; e. g. , regni) : to become partaker of anything, participem or compotem fieri alicujus rei : potiri aliqua re : consequi aliquid : to make one partaker of anything, aliquem participem or compotem facere alicujus rei : participare aliquid cum aliquo ; impertiri alicui aliquid.
PARTERRE, || In a garden, * area floribus consita. || In a (foreign) theatre, cavea media (Suetonius, Oct. , 44).
PARTIAL, || In part, per partes (by parts, not the whole at once) : ex parte (only in part; opposed to totus) : nonnulla parte (when the parts of a whole must be considered singly). || Disposed to favor one parly to the prejudice of another, alterius partis studiosus : in alterius favorem inclinatus (opposed to neutral ; impartial) : cupidus (acting with passion and private feeling ; opposed to impartial) : alteri parti or causæ studens, favens, addictus (after Cicero, Cæsar) : non integer (not unprejudiced ; of persons) : ad gratiam factus (of things done with the view of favoring a person or party ; e. g. , lectio) : partial judges, judices cupidi (Cicero). A partial judgement, judicium cupidius dictum : * sententia ad gratiam dicta. PARTIALITY, || Opposed to impartiality, partium studium, or sometimes studium only (zeal or liking for a party, as showing itself in actions) : gratia (favor, as shown to anybody or any cause) : cupiditas (warm, eager, private feeling, as warping the judgement) : without partiality, sine amore et cupiditate. The reproach of partiality, crimen gratiæ ; to act with partiality, cupidius agere ; to approve of anything from partiality, studio quodam comprobare aliquid. || Preference, liking, studium et amor ; amor et cupiditas (especial liking) : indulgentia (too great indulgence) : to have a great partiality for anybody, aliquem præter ceteros amare (Cf. , not præ cæteris) : to have a partiality for a particular study or pursuit, alicui rei præter cætera studere.
PARTIALLY, || In part [vid.
PARTIAL]. || With partiality, cupide or cupidius : studio quodam (e. g. comprobare aliquid).
PARTICIPATE, Vid.
PARTAKE.
PARTICIPATION, societas alicujus rei (e. g. , belli ; consilii, sceleris) : contagio alicujus rei (e. g. , criminis, scelerisl. Vid. also, PART, s. , and PARTAKE.
PARTICIPLE, participium (Quintilianus).
PARTICLE, || Small part, particula (Cicero). || (In grammar), particula (Gellius).
PARTICULAR, adjective, || Belonging only to one, proprius. || Peculiar, singular, singularis ; abhorrens a communi hominum usu. || Important, præcipuus, singularis. || Circumstantial, accuratus ; copiosus (diffuse, full).
PARTICULAR, s. , res (circumstance) : causa (state or posture of anything) : particulars, singula, nom. plural ; singulæ res : to go into particulars, singula sequi ; agere de singulis ; scribere de singulis rebus (to give full particulars by letter) : rem ordine, ut gesta est, narrare (to give a particular account of an occurrence) : exsequi, persequi, with or without verbis ; explicare (to go into details ; opposed to summas attingere ; vid. Bremi, Nep. , Pelop. , 1, 1) : exponere (to give a clear account or description of a thing) : explanare, illustrare (to represent clearly) : to enter into full particulars about anything, aliquid accuratius exsequi : pluribus verbis disserere : multis verbis disputare : uberius, fusius dicere, scribere de re.
PARTICULARITY, By the adjective.
PARTICULARIZE, Vid. “go into particulars” in PARTICULAR.
PARTICULARLY, || Singly, singulatim. || Especially, pre-eminently, imprimis : maxime : præsertim : potissimum [SYN. in ESPECIALLY, vid. ] ; præcipue (Cicero) ; peculiariter (Quintilianus) ; cum quadam excellentia : eminenti quadam ratione (pre-eminently) : to mention one particularly, præter cæteros aliquem nominare (after Cicero).
PARTISAN, || Belonging to anybody’s party, fautor, studiosus alicujus : qui facit, sentit, cum aliquo : partisans, factio ; qui sunt ab aliquo ; qui stant cum or ab aliquo ; qui alicujus partibus favet ; qui student alicui ; qui sentiunt cum aliquo. || A kind of halberd, bipennis (sc. securis).
PARTITION, || Act of parting, partitio ; divisio, or by the verb. || That which divides, intergerium (Plinius) : a partition wall, paries communis ; (paries) intergerinus (Plinius). || Compartment, loculus ; loculamentum.
PARTITIVE, qui dividit, etc.
PARTLY, || In part, by parts, ex parte (in parte, Livius, Quintilianus) ; partim (Cicero) ; ulla ex parte (Livius). || ln some degree, aliqua ex parte ; quodam modo (Cicero). || Partly. . . partly, partim. . . partim (but only when an actual division of the thing in question is spoken of) : qua. . . qua (on the one side . . . on the other side) : et. . . et ; quum. . . tum ; tum. . . tum (both. . . and, as well. . . as. SYN. in ” As Well. . . As”).
PARTNER, socius ; societate conjunctus : partner in trade, socius consorsque laboris ; or simply socius : at cards, * aleæ socius et particeps : in crime, crimini affinis, ejus noxæ socius, conscius (having a guilty knowledge of it) : in fortune, cujuscumque fortunæ socius, socia (vid. Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 5, 1) ; laborum periculorumque socius, socia (vid. Cicero, ad Div. , 13, 71, 2 ; Tacitus, Germ. , 18, 7) : also, from the context, simply socius (socia) comesque (vid. Horatius, Od. , 1, 7, 26).
PARTNERSHIP, societas ; communio ; communitas ; consociatio ; conjunctio.
PARTRIDGE, perdix, -icis, masculine and feminine (Plinius).
PARTY, || An indefinite number, aliquot (some ; of a quite indefinite number) : complures (some ; and several of them at least) : a large party, copia, multitudo. || Faction, pars, partes, plural, (with reference to distinct interests or principles) : factio (clique of partizans ; political, or in a bad sense) : globus, globus consensionis (as a number of persons united) : secta (a philosophical party ; seldom of a political one) : a prevailing party, partes prævalidæ, victrices (Tacitus) : a defeated or fallen party, partes desertæ, lapsæ : to be of anybody’s party, esse alicujus partis, alicujus partium (Cicero) ; sequi alicujus sectam (Livius, Cicero, Tacitus) ; sequi alicujus causam ; in eadem esse cum aliquo causa ; facere, stare, sentire cum aliquo (Cicero) ; rebus alicujus favere, studere (Cæsar) ; sequi alicujus partes (Valerius Max. ) : the different parties in a state, aliorum alias partes foventium factiones : to belong to another party, aliarum esse partium ; aliunde stare ; alterius (or alius) rebus favere or studere : to go over, or attach one’s self to anybody’s party, se ad causam alicujus applicare (after Nepos, Ar. , 2, 3) ; partibus alicujus accedere (Tacitus) ; transire, transgredi in alicujus partes (Tacitus) : of the popular party, populares (opposed to optimi cujusque studiosi) : to make a party against anybody, stare cum aliquo adversus aliquem (Nepos) : to be of no party, nullius partis esse : to be of neither party, neutrius partis esse : to support an opposite party, alias partes fovere, juvare : to divide into two parties, in duas partes discedere (Sallustius, Jug. , 13, 1) ; in duas factiones scindi (Tacitus, Hist. , 1, 13) : the opposite party, pars adversa (general term) : factio adversa or adversaria (in political disturbances) : diversa factio (also in political disturbances, but as a party that pursues a different object ; whereas pars and factio adversa refer to the other party as opponents) : the strife of parties, partium contentio (Cicero) : the leader of a party, dux partium (Tacitus) ; princeps partis alicujus (Cicero) ; factionis princeps (Cæsar, Nepos) ; caput (Suetonius) ; or from context, dux, caput only : party spirit, partium studium (Cicero) ; factionum parandarum studium ; or simply, factio (Livius, 2, 30) ; studia (plural, ibid. ) ; cupiditas (Cicero) : devoted er attached to a party, alterius partis studiosus or cupidus ; alteri parti, causæ, studens, favens, addictus (after Cæsar), or simply cupidus : a party man, homo partium studiosus ; partes alicujus fovens ac juvans. || One of two litigants, adversarius ; feminine, adversaria (Horatius, Quintilianus) ; adversa pars. Cf. , An orator usually designates the opposite party by iste, isti. || A select assembly, societas (Cicero). || Party of pleasure ; a party into the country, excursio : a water party, navigatio : to be one of a party, una esse cum aliis : one of the same party, socius, comes [SYN. in COMPANION] : to join anybody’s party, alicui comitem se addere or adjungere : to make a party into the country, rus excurrere : to make a water party, navigare. || A detachment of soldiers, militum expedita manus, -ûs ; factio (Suetonius) : a party of horsemen, equestris turma.
PARTY-COLORED,
multicolor (Plinius) ; non unius coloris ; multos colores habens.
PARTY-WALL, (paries) intergerinus (Plinius) : paries communis (Ovidius, Met. , 4, 66).
PARVENU, terræ filius. To this parvenu, nobody knows who, huic terræ filio nescio cui (Cicero, Att. , 1, 13, 4) : homo novus.
PASCHAL, paschalis (ecclesiastical).
PASHA, præfectus ; satrapes (Nepos).
PASHAL1C, satrapia (Curtius).
PASQUINADE, s. , libellus famosus ; scriptum famosum (Suetonius) ; carmen famosum (Horatius, Ep. ) ; carmen probrosum (Tacitus) ; carmen ad alterius injuriam factum (Cicero) ; libellus contumeliosus (Seneca).
PASQUINADE, v. , procaci scripto aliquem diffamare (Tacitus, Ann. , 1, 72) : probrosum carmen adversus aliquem factitare (ib. , 14, 48) ; libellum, carmen ad infamiam alicujus edere (Suetonius, Oct. , 55) ; carmen ad alterius injuriam facere (Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 2, 5) ; also poetical, versibus atris oblinere aliquem (Horatius, Ep. , 1, 19, 30).
PASS, s. , || Passage, transitus [vid.
PASSAGE] : a narrow passage, angustiæ (narrow places in mountainous regions) : fauces (a narrow entrance or egress, leading to a wider space) : saltus (a narrow, woody valley). || Passport, vid. || (In fencing), a thrust, petitio. PASS, v. , || INTRANS. , (1) To go through a place, aliqua or per locum iter facere ; præterire. In passing = by the way, in transitu ; transiens ; præteriens (Cf. , of these expressions the first and second are post-Augustan, in this sense ; but we find quasi præteriens in Cicero) : strictim (superficially, slightly ; for which we find obiter in the time of Seneca). (2) To be esteemed or accounted in a certain way, haberi (in opinion) : esse : putari (from probable grounds) : existimari (as a result of consideration) : he passes for a good man, probus vir habetur : he passes for one well versed in civil laws, prudens esse in jure civili putatur. (3) To go from the body, descendere (Celsus, Plinius). || TRANS. , (1) To cross (vid. ), trajicere ; transire ; transvehi. (2) To pass by, præterire (also of passing by or over in silence [silentio] præterire ; and of passing by or over persons in the distribution of honors, etc. :
Philippus et Marcellus prætereuntur, Cæsar).
PASS AWAY or OFF, præterire (general term ; Cf. , præterlabi, in this sense, is not Latin) : exire (to come to an end ; of time ; e. g. , eorum nullus sine ebrietate exit dies) : effluere (of time, to flow away without being usefully employed) : extrahi (to be let slip without being well employed ; of points of time) : to pass away imperceptibly, labi : to pass away quickly, avolare, fugere, aufugere (all of time) : to suffer time to pass away, tempus extrahere aliqua re (e. g. , triduum disputationibus excusationibusque extrahitur) : not to let a day pass away without, etc. , nullum pati esse diem, quin, etc. : to let one day pass away after another, diem ex die ducere ; diem de die differre.
PASS BY, præterire, prætervehere (properly) ; præterire, negligere (figuratively).
PASS OVER, || INTRANS. , (1) To cross, trajicere ; transire ; transvehi. (2) To change one’s position or state, transire : to pass over to the enemy, ad adversarios, or hostes, transire. (3) To be changed into anything, transire ; abire ; verti. || TRANS. , (1) To overlook, not to take notice of, præterire silentio, or tacitum ; or simply præterire, relinquere ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) præterire ac relinquere ; mittere ; omittere ; prætermittere (Cf. , only in later writers, of the Silver Age, transmittere or transire silentio, or simply transire). (2) To neglect in the distribution of honors, etc. , præterire (general term) : repulsam dare alicui (if an application has been made on behalf of the party) : to be passed over, præteriri (general term) : repulsam ferre or accipere (to receive a repulse). κυρικιμασαηικο
PASSABLE, || Through which one may pass, (via) qua commode, facile, procedere, incedere possumus ; (via) facilis et aperta (Quintilianus) : to render passable, vias transitu difficiles munire (Livius). || Tolerable, such as may pass, tolerabilis ; tolerandus : ferendus (bearable : Cf. , patibilis in this sense only in Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 23, init. ; which, however, is authority enough) : mediocris, modicus (moderately good) : non contemnendus (not despicable). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) non contemnendus planeque to lerabilis.
PASSABLY, tolerabiliter : mediocriter. To be passably well, satis bene se habere.
PASSAGE, || Act of passing over, transitio ; transgressio ; transmissio ; trajectio : the passage of a river, trajectus, or transvectio, fluminis. || Act or right of passing through, transitus ; transvectio (carrying of goods through one country into another, transit) : to give or grant passage to anyone, dare alicui transitum or iter per agros urbesque ; aliquem per fines suos ire pati (e. g. , of an army, through a country) : dare alicui viam (to a single person ; e. g. , through an estate, per fundum) : to forbid a passage, aliquem ab transitu prohibere or arcere : to obstruct a passage, alicui transitum claudere. || Condition of not being stationary : bird of passage, advena avis (opposed to vernacula avis) : birds of passage, advenæ volucres (opposed to vernaculæ volucres) : adventicium genus volucrum ; volucres quæ peregrinatione lætantur (vid. Cicero, Fin. , 2, 33, 109) ; coturnices ex nostris regionibus trans mare remeant (Varro ; are birds of passage) : grues calidiora loca petentes maria transmittunt (Cicero, N. D. , 49, 125 ; are birds of passage) : de illo genere sunt turdi adventicii ac quotannis in nostras regiones trans mare advolant circiter æquinoctium auctumnale et eodem revolant ad æquinoctium vernum (Varro). || Place through which one may pass, way, via ; iter ; transitus ; transitio pervia (through houses, courts) : janua (arched, vaulted) : a forum with passages, forum transitorium (Eutropius 7, 23) : a house with passages, domus transitoria (Suetonius, Ner. , 31). || Place in a book or writing, locus : passages, loci (rarely loca ; loci sunt librorum, loca sunt terrarum, Zumpt, § 99) : difficult or obscure passages, loci obscuri, difficiles, impediti (Wyttenbach) : parallel passages [vid.
PARALLEL]. || (In music), color, modulatio insistens (Bau. ).
PASSENGER, viator (traveller) : vector (on board ship) : hospes (stranger in a place).
PASSING, adjective, or adverb, Vid. SURPASSINGLY.
PASSING-BELL, * campana funebris or feralis.
PASSION, || Emotion, animi concitatio, animi impetus ; (more strongly), animi perturbatio, motus animi turbatus or perturbatus (general term, violent emotion of the mind ; animi affectio denotes the disposition, and animi motus, commotio or permotio, an emotion of the mind ; general term) : cupiditas : libido (especially sensual inclination and desire) : studium flagrans (burning zeal) : temeritas (rashness) : intemperantia (want of moderation or restraint ; opposed to sequitas) : violent passion, acerrimus animi motus ; vehemens animi impetus : irregular passions, libidines (effrenatæ) : from passion, (animi) perturbatione incitatus ; cupiditate incensus : with passion, animi quodam impetu ; studio flagrante : without passion, æquo animo : to raise or excite passion in anyone, alicujus libidinem excitare (of sensual desires) : alicujus animum impellere (general term) : to raise or excite the passions, animi motus inflammare (opposed to exstinguere) : animorum impetus impellere (opposed to animorum impetus reflectere) : to allay the passions, alicujus animum vehementiore motu perturbatum ad tranquillitatem revocare (after Cicero, De Or. , 1, 12, 53) : to restrain one’s passions, perturbatos animi motus cohibere cupiditates coercere ; cupiditatibus imperare ; continentem esse (especially of sensuality) : to be free from passions, ab omni animi concitatione vacare ; omni animi perturbatione liberum or liberatum esse : to act under the influence of passion, cupide agere ; impetu quodam trahi ad aliquid : it is quite a passion with me, eâ re maxime delector (I take particular pleasure in anything) : magno ejus rei studio teneor (I have an eager desire for). || Anger, vid. || Suffering, dolor ; cruciatus, -ûs : usually applied to the sufferings of the Lord Jesus Christ, * extremi cruciatus Christi : history of the passion, * narratio suppliciorum Christi ; * memoria laborum, quos Christus exanclavit : a meditation on the passion, * cogitatio, meditatio de morte Christi : sermon on the passion, * oratio sacra de suppliciis et morte Christi : passion-week, * tempus celebrandæ mortis et dolorum Christi (Bau. ) : the passion flower, * passiflora (Linn).
PASSIONATE, impotens (not master of his passions ; also with the passion of which one is not master in the genitive ; e. g. , iræ, lætitiæ : also, that in which one is not his own master e. g. , lætitia, postulatum) : vehemens, ardens (vehement, burning). || Given to bursts of anger, etc. , iræ impotens : iracundus : ad iram proclivis ; in iram præceps.
PASSIONATELY, cupide, cupidissime (with desire, eagerly) : vehementer, ardenter, studio flagranti (with violent, burning zeal) : calidius (with too much warmth) : effuse (more strongly) : effusissime (without measure or limit ; Cf. , animose, animosissime, of purchasers = cupide et quoquo pretio ; i. e. , eagerly and at any price, belongs in this sense
only to the Silver Age ; e. g. , animosissime. Cf. , Classical, cupide et quoquo pretio) : tabulas antiqui operis comparare (Suetonius, Cæs. , 47) : to maintain anything passionately, cupidius aliquid contendere : to love anything passionately, alicui rei effuse indulgere (to indulge in without measure ; e. g. , conviviis) : alicujus rei esse studiosissimum ; magno alicujus rei studio teneri (to be a great lover of) : aliqua re maxime delectari (to take one’s pleasure chiefly in anything) : to love anyone passionately, effusissime aliquem diligere (as a friend, etc. ) : alicujus amore insanire (as a lover).
PASSIONLESS, animi perturbatione liber or vacuus (without vehement emotions) : cupiditatis or cupiditatum expers : omni cupiditate carens : cupiditate privatus : cupiditate intactus (free from desire).
PASSIVE, patibilis (in a philosophical sense = capable of suffering ; Cicero, N. D. , 3, 12, 29 ; opposed to activus, Lactantius 2, 9, 21. Cf. , Passivus is a bad word except in a grammatical sense : verbum passivum, Priscus, Charis. Diom. ) : verbum patiendi (Gellius, 18, 12).
PASSOVER, pascha, -æ, feminine, and -ătis, neuter (ecclesiastical).
PASSPORT, syngraphus (Plautus, Capt. , 3, 2, 6) : to grant or give a passport, dare alicui syngraphum : to get a passport, syngraphum sumere (ib. ) : to apply for a passport, syngraphum rogare (e. g. , a prætore : Cf. , not commeatus [= furlough] or diploma).
PAST, adverb, præteritus ; exactus ; finitus : also, prior, superior : the past year, summer, annus superior, ætas prior : the past cannot be altered, præterita mutari non possunt, or mutare non possumus (after Cicero) : past time, tempus præteritum (Cicero) ; tempus actum (Horatius, A.
P. ). Cf. , Avoid the use of elapsus and præterlapsus of p. time absolutely ; vid. Wolf. , Anal. , 1, p. 488.
PAST, preposition and adverb = more than, above. vid. BEYOND.
PASTE, * farina ex aqua subacta ; farina qua chartæ glutinantur (Plinius, 22, 25, 60) : farina chartaria (Plinius, 1, in Index of book 22, 25, 60 ; each time, of the paste with which the single leaves of the papyrus were joined together to form a sheet).
PASTEBOARD, * charta densata.
PASTIL, * conulus odoratus.
PASTIME, oblectamentum : delectamenta, plural (e. g. , inania puerorum delectamenta ; puerorum oblectamenta : difference between oblectare and delectare in ENJOY) : oblectatio : ludus (general term for play) : to provide anybody with some pastime, dare alicui ludum. What pastime have you? qua re tempus fallis? or tædium temporis minuis? For pastime, animi causa ; per ludum. per ludum et jocum.
PASTOR, || Properly, pastor ; pecuarius ; gregis or pecoris custos (Vergilius) ; pecoris magister (Columella). || Figuratively, pastor. PASTORAL, adverb, pastoricius (general term) ; pastoris or pastorum, pastoralis : a pastoral poet, poeta bucolicus (grammatical) : a pastoral staff, pedum : a pastoral people, * populus vitam pastoriciam agens ; * populus pastorius : figuratively, a pastoral epistle, * episto la episcopalis ; * epistola ab episcopo per diocesin mittenda, missa : pastoral theology, * sacra recte instituendi præcepta, -orum, plural.
PASTORAL, s. , carmen pastoricium ; poema bucolicum (Columella) ; bucolica, -orum (Gellius).
PASTRY, artocrĕas (Persius, 6, 50) : crustula, bellaria, (both plural ; confectionery).
PASTRY-COOK, * qui artocreata coquit ; some say pistor dulciarius, or simply dulciarius : Cf. , pistor artocreatum is not Latin.
PASTURAGE,
PASTURE, s. , || Food for cattle, pastus, pabulum, pascua (plural, especially of grass). || Place of feeding, locus pascuus ; ager pascuus (Plautus, Cicero) ; pascua (plural, Cicero) ; rarely singular, pascuum (Columella) : common pasturage, ager compascuus (Cicero, Top. , 3, 11) : rich pasturage, pascuum pingue (Pall. ) ; viride (Varro) ; riguum (Columella) ; læta pascua (plural, Livius) : pasture land, ager pascuus (Plautus) ; pascuum (Columella).
PASTURE, v. ||lNTRANS. , pascere (Columella) ; pasci (Cicero) ; pabulari (Columella). || TRANS. , pascere (e. g. , sues, greges) ; also absolutely.
PAT, adjective, idoneus ; opportunus : the occasion was so pat, that, etc. , tanta fuit opportunitas, ut, etc. (Cicero).
PAT, v. , palpare (to stroke or touch lightly ; also palpari ; e. g. , a horse, and improperly for the purpose of coaxing) : * leviter pulsare : to pat a horse, equum permulcere or palpari (both Ulpianus) : to pat on the back ; i. e. , to applaud, plaudere, applaudere, alicui.
PATCH, s. , pannus ; diminutive, panniculus : lacinia (properly, the lappet of a dress ; then any pendent piece of cloth or other substance) : splenium (a little patch or plaster ; Mart. ).
PATCH, v. , (male) sarcire, resarcire : pannum assuere (to stitch on a patch) : patched, pannis obsitus (covered with patches).
PATE, caput. Vid. HEAD.
PATENT, adjective, apertus ; notus.
PATENT, s. , * literæ principis quibus alicui munus defertur ; under the emperors, codicilli, diploma (Suetonius ; patent of office) : * libellus quo beneficium aliquid datur (conferring any privilege) : * literæ quibus soli alicui arbitrium or potestas alicujus rei vendendæ datur ; or simply arbitrium (patent for the sole right of sale) : to issue a patent (for sale), dare alicui rei vendendæ arbitrium (after Livius, 2, 9).
PATERNAL, paternus (generic ; so far as things relating or belonging to a father are distinguished from each other ; e. g. , paterni agri, libri, equi, paternæ ædes ; or so far as a father is regarded in an individual capacity, distinct from other persons ; e. g. , mater, frater) : patrius (modal ; so far as the idea of a father is distinguished from others more general ; e. g. , res patriæ, bona patria, as distinguished from aliena, alio quovis modo acquisita).
PATERNALLY, patris instar ; ut pater ; ut parens ; patria caritate.
PATERNOSTER, * oratio Dominica (ecclesiastical).
PATH, via (general term ; properly and figuratively) : iter (way, course) : trames (a narrow way, road, in a town, or on an open plain) : semita (usually a footpath, by the side of a high road) : callis (a path across a mountain or through a wood) : cursus (track of a ship ; or, especially, course of the stars) : a by-path, deverticulum : to turn anybody aside from the path of virtue, aliquem transversum agere.
PATHETIC, movens ; animum movena, pellens, tangens ; vim movendi habeas ; ad movendum compositus, factus.
PATHETICALLY, By the adjective, or verb ; e. g. , to speak pathetically, orationem animis admovere (Cicero) : to write pathetically, orationem ad movendum componere (after Cicero) : to utter anything very pathetically, magna cum misericordia pronunciare aliquid (i. e. , so as actually to call forth compassion and sympathy, Cæsar, B. C. , 2, 12, fin. ).
PATHLESS, invius (Livius, Plinius) ; via, carens ; sine via ; ubi nulla apparet via.
PATHOLOGIST, * medicus, qui valetudinis genera novit (valetudinis genera, Celsus, 1, 12, 1, fin. ).
PATHOLOGY, * pathoIogia (technical term) ; * doctrina de morborum natura et curatione.
PATHOS, grande dicendi genus.
PATHWAY, Vid.
PATH.
PATIENCE, patientia (will and inclination to endure anything without resistance ; Cf. Cicero, De Invent. , 2, 54, 163) : tolerantia (power and endurance in the bearing of sufferings, etc. , with a sense of oppressiveness and contempt of it ; usually with a genitive of that in which one shows patience ; e. g. , tolerantia doloris) : perseverantia (perseverance, when one does not suffer himself to be deterred from thepursuit of an object ; cf. Cicero, De Invent. , 2, 54, 164) : æquus animus, æquitas animi (when one does not suffer himself to be agitated, disturbed, angered, etc. ) : to have patience, patientia uti : to have patience with anything, pati ac ferre aliquid ; perpeti, perferre aliquid (i. e. , to bear patiently to the end ; vid. Livius, 28, 34 ; Horatius, Ep. , 1, 15, 17) : to have patience with anybody, aliquem, or alicujus mores, or naturam, patienter ferre ; or aliquem ferre only : with patience [vid.
PATIENTLY] : to try one’s patience, patientiam alicujus tentare : to show patience in anything, patientiam adhibere alicui rei : I lose all patience, my patience is exhausted, patientiam rumpo or abrumpo (Cf. , not patientia mihi rumpitur ; vid. Bremi, Suet. , Tib. , 24, p. 270 ; Tacitus, Ann. , 12, 50, 3) : patience! i. e. , wait! exspecta (exspectate)! mane (manete)! PATIENT, adjective, patiens, tolerans, in anything, alicujus rei [SYN. in PATIENCE] : placidus (mild, calm) : to be patient ; vid. “to have PATIENCE. ” PATIENT, s. , æger ; ægrotus : to visit patients, ægrotos perambulare (of a physician).
PATIENTLY, patienter : toleranter : moderate, æquo animo. [Vid.
PATIENCE. ]To bear anything patiently, toleranter or æquo animo pati aliquid ; patienter or toleranter ferre aliquid ; patienter atque æquo animo ferre aliquid ; and from context, pati ac ferre ; pati et perferre ; perferre ac pati ; perferre patique aliquid.
PATRIARCH, patriarcha or -es, -æ, m. (ecclesiastical).
PATRIARCHAL, patriarchalis (properly, ecclesiastical) ; * more patriarcharum
institutus (in a patriachal manner).
PATRICIAN, patricius : the patriacians, patricii ; principes.
PATRIMONY, hereditas ; patrimonium : to leave one’s son an ample patrimony, filio suo amplum patrimonium relinquere (Cicero, Dom. , 58, 147).
PATRIOT, patriæ or reipublicæ amans : reipublicæ amicus : civis bonus : qui de republica bene sentit : a zealous patriot, acerrimus civis (Cicero) : to be a patriot, amare patriam ; bene de republica sentire.
PATRIOTIC, [Vid.
PATRIOT. ]a patriotic society or association, * societas patriæ rebus consulendi gratia inita.
PATRIOTICALLY, amanter in patriam ; patriæ amore, studio, caritate : to act patriotically, * saluti patriæ reipublicæ consulere, prospicere (after Cicero) ; * patriæ rebus consulere.
PATRIOTISM, amor patriæ or in patriam (Cicero) ; caritas patriæ (Nepos) ; pietas erga patriam ; from context, mostly pietas only (vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 27 ; Cicero, Phil. , 14, 3, init. ; Cf. Cicero, Inv. , 2, 22, 66) ; reipublicæ studium ; studium conservandæ reipublicæ communis (Cicero) ; studium in rempublicam (Sallustius) ; * patriæ rebus consulendi voluntas (Eichst. ) ; reipublicæ defendendæ studium (with a desire and effort to defend one’s country) ; also, by circumlocution ; e. g. , si scelestum est amare patriam, pertuli pœnarum satis (Cicero, Sext. , 99, 145 ; if patriotism be a crime) : from patriotism, patriæ caritate ductus.
PATRISTIC, By the genitive, patrum.
PATROL, s. , perhaps circitores (Vegetious) ; * excubitores circumeuntes.
PATROL, v. , stationes circumire (to visit the posts) : circumire urbem (in a town).
PATRON, patronus (the proper word) : fautor ; qui rebus (rationibus) alicujus consulit, prospicit (supporter, friend) : cultor, amator (one who is fond of anything) : * penes quem est jus ac potestas muneris alicujus deferendi ; or, as technical term, * patronus (patron of an ecclesiastical benefice) : a patron of learned men, doctorum cultor : a patron saint, * patronus divus : deus (hujus urbis) præses (after Tacitus, Hist. , 4, 63, 3).
PATRONAGE, patronatus, -ûs ; patrocinium ; præsidium ; * arbitrium muneris deferendi, demandandi (right of appointing to an office) : jus patrcnorum : jus patronatus (right of patronage). To exercise patronage, jus patronatus exercere : to reserve the right of patronage, mihi in aliquid servatur jus patronorum.
PATRONESS, patrona (Cicero) ; fautrix.
PATRONIZE, alicui favere, studere ; fovere aliquem ; amplecti aliquem ; rebus alicujus favere ; gratia et auctoritate sua aliquem sustentare.
PATTEN, * tegumenta calceorum, plural ; perhaps the nearest word is sculponea (a wooden shoe, Plautus).
PATTER, strepere, sonare (of rain beating against anything).
PATTERN, || Properly, exemplum, exemplar (a sample ; or, a model, example, and for imitation ; vid. Auct. , ad Her. , 4, 6, 9. Cf. , Specimen, in this sense, would not be Latin) : quod imitatur aliquis (that which is imitated ; vid. Quintilianus, 10, 2, 11) : a pattern for embroidery, exemplum ad imitationem acu pingendi propositum (after Quintilianus, 1, 1, 35) : to show a pattern (sample) of goods, mercis exemplum ostendere (Auct. , ad Her. , 4, 6, 9). || Figuratively, An example which deserves imitation, ad imitandum propositum exemplar ; also simply exemplum, exemplar (which one is to follow) : specimen (showing how a thing ought to be ; Cf. , never in the plural) : auctor (one who goes before as an example) : a pattern of perfection, exemplum virtutis : a pattern of all perfection, auctor omnium virtutum : a pattern of innocence, innocentiæ specimen : a pattern of ancient religion, exemplar antiquæ religionis : a pattern of temperance and prudence, temperantiæ prudentiæque specimen : to take anything as a pattern, aliquid ad imitandum proponere ; aliquid in exemplum assumere : to regard anyone as a pattern, aliquem sibi imitandum proponere ; exemplum proponere sibi aliquem ad imitandum ; aliquem exemplum sibi deligere ; imitari aliquem : to take a pattern from anyone, exemplum ab aliquo sumere, repetere.
PAUCITY, paucitas (fewness) ; exiguitas (smallness) aliquantulum ; paululum (a little).
PAUNCH, Vid. BELLY.
PAUPER, inops : egens : egenus : to be a pauper, egere ; egenum or inopem esse ; in egestate esse, versari : to become a pauper, ad inopiam redigi (Terentianus) ; egenum fieri (Cicero).
PAUPERISM, inopia ; egestas ; or by the adjectives.
PAUSE, s. , intermissio (a cessation for a time ; intermission) : in tervallum (space between beginning and end) : distinctio (in music) : reticentia (when one is about to speak but refrains) : intercapedo (interval between breaking off or suspending an action and resuming it ; e. g. , intercapedinem scribendi facere ; intercapedo canendi) : respiratio, mora (delay) : Cf. , pausa is an obsolete word, not found in the best prose ; cessatio is = inactivity : after a pause, mora quadam interposita : there is often a pause even in the most active life, ab actione sæpe fit intermissio (not remissio) : to make a pause ; vid.
PAUSE, v.
PAUSE, v. , moram facere, interponere (general term) : Cf. , not pausam facere or pausare. || In speaking, paullum respirare ; intervallo or intervallis dicere : not to make a pause, sine intervallis loqui (after Cicero, De Or. , 3, 48, 185, where we find sine intervallis loquacitas) ; also, uno tenore dicere (to speak without intermission). || (In reading), distinguere (to observe the proper stops). || (In singing), intermittere. || (In drinking), intermittere ; e. g. , bibunt aves quædam intermittentes.
PAVE, lapide or silice sternere, or consternere, or persternere (general terms) : munire (to make a permanent paved road) : to pave with squared stones, saxo quadrato sternere. To pave a way, viam facere, aperire, patefacere (properly and improperly) : for anybody, viam munire alicui ; aditum alicui dare or parare (improperly, : to anything, ad aliquid) : to pave one’s self a way, aditum expedire (vid. Herzog, Cæs. , B. G. , 7, 26) : viam sibi munire ad aliquid (e. g. , ad consulatum) : a paved road, via strata.
Paving stone, lapis viæ sternendæ utilis (proper for the purpose) : * lapis viæ stratæ (stone from the pavement) : Cf. , pavire is to beat, ” to ram down ;” e. g. , area pavita, made hard and level.
PAVEMENT, via strata ; * viæ stratæ lapides (the stones composing the pavement) ; strata viarum (poetical) ; pavimentum (composed of large slabs) : rudus, -eris, neuter (Properly, a mass of broken stones for a pavement, or mortar mixed with lime, then the pavement composed of such materials) : to make such a pavement, ruderare : to make a pavement by beating, pavimentum facere, struere : having a pavement, pavimentatus : to make a mosaic pavement, pavimentum tesseris struere (Vitruvius), or ex tessera struere (Plinius) : to break or tear up the pavement, * viam stratam (dolabris) disjicere.
PAVILION, perhaps porticus (a hall with pillars, etc. ) ; or papilio (Lamprid. ), or by tabernaculum, tentorium.
PAVIER, silicarius (late) : * qui lapide or silice vias sternit.
PAW, s. , pes.
PAW, v. , * pedibus solum, terram, radere, * pedibus strepitum ciere (of a horse) : pedibus, unguibus, radere, petere (of other animals).
PAWN, s. , || Pledge, pignus : to he in or at pawn, pigneratum, oppigneratum, or pignori oppositum esse : to give anything in pawn [vid. to PAWN] : to receive or accept a pawn, pignus capere, auferre ; anything in pawn, aliquid pignori accipere : not to redeem what one has left in pawn, pignus deserere : an unredeemed pawn, pignus desertum : to redeem a pawn, pignus liberare a creditore ; reddere pecuniam et pignus reciperare (Jurisconsulti, as are several of the preceding expressions, which however, are undoubtedly classical ; vid.
PLEDGE). || (At chess), latro (Ovidius) ; latrunculus (Seneca) ; miles gregarius ; pedes, -itis.
PAWN, v. , pignerare (Suetonius) ; oppignerare (Cicero) ; pignori opponere aliquid (Terentianus) ; pignori dare, obligare aliquid (Pand. ) ; obligare aliquid pignoris nomine (after Cicero, Att. , 6, 1, 23) : to pawn one’s books for wine, libellos pro vino oppignerare (Cicero, Sest. , 51, 110) : to pawn for so much, by ob or an ablative ; e. g. , agrum pignori opponere ob decem minas (Terentianus) ; annulum octo minis oppignerare (Mart. ) : to pawn anything to anybody, apud aliquem pignori apponere : to pawn anything for a sum of money, accipere sub pignore mutuam pecuniam.
PAWNBROKER, pignerator, pigneraticius creditor (Ulpianus).
PAY, s. , merces (general term) : pretium (price given or received for work, etc. ) : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) merces pretiumque : præmium, honos (a reward) : quæstus, fructus (profit, advantage, gain. Cf. , Auctoramentum is not = pay, but earnest money received by a gladiator, soldier, etc. ) : small, inconsiderable pay, mercedula ; merces parva or pauca ; pretium parvum : large pay, merces magna ampla : for pay, mercede, pretio ; e. g. , docere : to take any one into pay, to hire for pay, mercede or pretio conducere aliquem : to serve for pay, alicui operas suas locare : to fix, settle the pay for anyone, mercedem alicujus constituere : to give any one the pay for his work, dare alicui mercedem operæ ; solvere
alicui pretium operæ : soldier’s pay, stipendium militare ; from the context simply stipendium or æs ; e. g. , to give triple pay, triplex stipendium alicui dare : to furnish pay to the soldiers, militibus stipendium numerare (to give out money for this purpose) : militibus stipendium or æra dare (to give it into the hands of the soldiers). Vid. also, GAIN, PROFIT.
PAY, v. , TRANS. , (1) in respect of money paid for goods, service, etc. , solvere ; numerare (to count out ; SYN. In to PAY DOWN ; dinumerare only in the comedians) : to pay ready money, præsentem pecuniam numerare ; pecuniam repræsentare : to pay by three installments, tribus pensionibus solvere pecuniam : to pay one’s debts, æs alienum solvere, dissolvere : to pay a debt, nomen solvere, dissolvere, expedire ; æs alienum solvere, dissolvere ; se liberare ære alieno ; also, solvere, reddere debitum ; solidum solvere (the whole debt) : to pay wages, mercedem dare alicui (general term) : (alicui salarium præstare, to pay a salary for public services, Scævola, Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1) : stipendium alicui dare or præbere, æs alicui dare (to pay soldiers) : to pay an army (i. e. , to have in pay), exercitum alere : to be paid, mercedem accipere (general term) : stipendium accipere (of soldiers) : Hence (a) without an accusative of the object = to discharge one’s self of debt, solvere, reddere debitum : to pay all, solidum solvere : to pay to the utmost farthing, ad assem solvere (Cf. , not ad denarium solvere, which = to pay with Roman money ; vid. Cicero, Quint. , 4, extr. , and ad Att. , 2, 6, extr. ) : to pay to the day, ad diem solvere, dissolvere ; ad tempus respondere : to pay by means of a loan, versuram facere ; I will not go till I am paid, nisi explicata solutione non sum discessurus : to be able to pay, esse solvendo : not to be able to pay, non esse solvendo or ad solvendum : to swear that one is not able to pay, bonam copiam ejurare : one who is not able to pay, qui non est solvendo or ad solvendum ; non idoneus (e. g. , debitor) : ability to pay, facultas solvendi : (b) figuratively, to pay the debt of nature, to die, debitum naturæ reddere ; naturæ satisfacere : to pay one’s vows, vota solvere, for anything, pro re. (2) In respect of the thing purchased, solvere pro re (e. g. , pro frumento emto ; pro vectura) : to pay ready money for a thing, emere præsenti pecunia (after Plautus, Men. , 5, 9, 87) : to pay a high price for anything, magno emere ; (too high a price), male emere : to pay the price of one’s life for anything, capite luere. (3) In respect of the person whom one pays or is bound to pay, satisfacere alicui (e. g. , creditoribus) : he has duly paid me, recte, quod debuit, solvit. || Figuratively, to pay one for anything, i. e. , to make to suffer, to punish, gratiam alicui referre : I am paid for my folly, ego pretium ob stultitiam fero (comedy) : to pay one in his own coin, par pari referre (Cf. , not pro pari ; vid. Bentl. , Ter. , Eun. , 3, 1, 55) ; parem gratiam referre alicui (ib. , 4, 4, 51). || To pay one’s addresses to, aliquem petere : alicujus amore teneri, captum esse ; aliquem in amore habere (to be in love with : cause for effect). || INTRANS. = to be profitable, fructum ferre ; quæstui, quæstuosum, fructuosum esse (Cicero) ; in reditu esse (Plinius) ; aliquid omnem impensam pretio suo liberat (Columella, 3, 3 ; pays its expenses ; vid. also, To COVER, end) : the book pays well, uberrimus est libri reditus.
PAY DOWN, solvere, exsolvere, persolvere ; pendere (literally, to weigh) : expendere (literally, to pay by weighing out) : numerare (to count) : dinumerare (only in the comedians) : dissolvere (to pay a debt by counting out the money : Cf. , dinumerare only in the comic writers) : dependere (to pay down without abatement ; vid. Herzog, Cæs. , B. G. 1, 44). Vid. also, PAY. PAYABLE, solvendus ; dissolvendus. The bill is payable, * pecunia ex syngrapha dissolvenda est.
PAY-DAY, dies pecuniæ (vid. Livius, 34, 6). To pray that the pay-day may be postponed, rogare de die ; beyond the year, plus annua die postulare.
Payable at sight, twenty-one days, etc. Vid BILL, above.
PAYMASTER, || One who pays (general term), qui solvit. A good, dilatory, bad paymaster, bonum, lentum, malum nomen : a dilatory paymaster, who makes all sorts of excuses, lentus infitiator (vid. commentators on Cicero, Cat. , 2, 10, 21). || Of the forces, tribunus ærarius (at Rome) : dispensator belli or cui negotium pecuniæ dispensandæ datum est (in war) : quæstor (the military paymaster at Rome). To choose anybody he pleased for paymaster, quem vellet, eligere ad dispensandam pecuniam (Nepos, In this sense the office implies virtually the whole management of the war).
PAYMASTERSHIP, munus tribuni ærarii : munus quæstorium (in an army).
PAYMENT, solutio ; numeratio (a reckoning or counting out). Immediate payment, repræsentatio : payment of a debt or loan, solutio nominis, rerum creditarum. Often by the verbs.
PEA, pisum ; cicer (chick-pea) : of peas, pisinus : of the size of a pea, magnitudine pisi (after Plinius, 37, 10, 54) ; ad pisi magnitudinem (after Vegetius, 3, 12, 3) : as like as two peas, tam similis, quam lac lacti est (Plautus, Mil. Glor. , 2, 2, 85 : vid. LIKE).
PEACE, pax (in all the senses of the English word) : pacis tempus (a time ofpeace) : otium (outward rest or tranquillity, whether of individuals or of states) : Concordia (unity, internal tranquillity ; of individuals and of states) : tranquillitas, animi tranquillitas, animus quietus (peace of mind). In peace, (in) pace : in war and in peace [vid. WAR] : to treat of peace, agere de pacis conditionibus ; colloqui de pacis legibus (per internuncium ; after Flor. , 2, 6) ; pacificare (to make peace by negotiation ; as Livius, 5, 23, extr. , legati venerunt pacificatum) : they negotiated about a peace, colloquium fuit inter ipsos de pacis legibus : to offer peace to anyone, alicui ultro pacis conditiones ferre : to enter into peace, pacem inire : to conclude or make a peace, pacem facere or pacificare (with anyone, cum aliquo) ; pacem conficere, componere, constituere, conjungere, coagmentare, conciliare : to keep or preserve peace, pacem or pacis fidem servare : to disturb the peace, pacem (concordiam) turbare : to break the peace, pacem frangere (Cf. , poetical rumpere) ; fidem pacis non servare : to live in peace, in pace esse, vivere (not to be at war) : concordia vivere (to live in concord or unity) ; with anybody, concorditer vivere cum aliquo ; pacem servare cum aliquo : to live in peace with the neighbors, pacem cum finitimis colere (after Livius, 8, 17, extr. ) : disturber of peace, pacis turbator (properly) ; reipublicæ turbo, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii (figuratively, one that undermines tranquillity within a state) : bomo turbulentus ; turbarum auctor (general term, a causer of disturbance) : to have no peace for = by reason of, anyone, ab aliquo sollicitari, vexari, turbari ; for anything, male habet me aliquid : to leave a person in peace, aliquem non turbare, non vexare : leave me in peace ! noli me turbare! omitte me! quid mihi tecum? to let anybody go in peace, aliquem cum pace dimittere : he has no peace of conscience, agitatur angore conscientiæ : an article of peace, pacis lex : conditions of peace, pacis conditiones, leges : to propose conditions of peace, pacis conditiones ferre : to prescribe conditions of peace, pacis conditiones dicere : to offer conditions of peace to any one, alicui ultro pacis conditiones ferre : to accept conditions of peace, pacis conditiones accipere : to refuse conditions of peace, pacis conditiones dimittere ; pacis conditiones uti nolle : peace to thy ashes! tua ossa bene quiescant (Petronius) ; tua ossa molliter cubent (Ovidius) ; bene placideque quiescas (terraque tibi sit super ossa levis Tib. ).
PEACEABLE,
PEACEFUL, pacis amans or amator (fond of peace) : placidus (quiet ; e. g. , mores, rarely used of persons) : placabilis (easily pacified or appeased) : concors (living in harmony : Cf. , both pacificus and pacatus in this sense are bad Latin) : quietus, tranquillus (not in a state of agitation or of war ; tending to peace) : pacatus (pacified, tranquillized). A peaceful disposition, pacis amor : to be peaceable, pacem colere cum aliquo (after Livius8, 17, extr. ).
PEACEABLY,
PEACEFULLY, quiete ; tranquille (Cf. , pacifice is not Latin). All things went on peaceably, * sine turbis, sine tumultu, transacta sunt omnia.
PEACE-MAKER, pacificator (Cicero ; rare) : pacis auctor (Livius, 39, 53, 2) : pacis reconciliator (Livius, 35, 45, 3 : these especially of particular instances in which a person has made a peace) : pacis arbiter (who decides on the terms of a reconciliation). To act the part of a peace-maker, personam pacificam tueri (after Cicero, Att. , 8, 12, 4) : to have recourse to anybody as a peace-maker, reconciliatore pacis (et disceptatore de iis, quæ in controversia cum aliquo sunt) uti aliquo (Livius) : a peace-maker in a state, interpres arbiterque concordiæ civium, arbiter civilis discordiæ (Livius, 2, 33, 11 ; Justinus, 16, 4, 9).
PEACH, malum Persicum, or simply Persicum (Plinius).
Peach-tree, Persica, Persica arbor (Plinius) ; * Amygdălus Persica (Linnæus) : peach-blossom, flos Persicæ.
PEACOCK, pavo (masculus) ; Cf. , not pavus, which is unclassical ; so also, peahen, pavo (femina), not pava : a peacock’s tail,
cauda pavonis : the eye of a peacock’s tail, oculus caudæ pavonis : a peacock’s feather, penna pavonina : of or belonging to a peacock, pavoninus : like a peacock, pavonaceus.
PEAK, montis cacumen (Plinius) ; vertex (Cicero) ; fastigium, culmen (Cæsar).
PEAL, s. , sonitus ; crepitus. A loud peal, sonitus vehemens, gravis (heavy ; Cicero) : peal of thunder, fragores (e. g. , inter horrendos fragores micabant ignes, Livius, 21, 28).
PEAL, v. , sonare ; sonum reddere.
PEAR, pirum.
Pear-tree, pirus, -i, feminine.
PEARL, margarita (μαργαρίτης, general term) : unio (single large pearl) : elenchus (ἔλεγχος, large pear-shaped pearls, worn three together, as pendants to ear-rings ; Böttiger’s Sabina) : tympanum or tympanium (τύμπανον or τυμπάνιον, from being in the shape of a kettle-drum ; quibus una tantum est facies et ab ea rotunditas, aversis planities, ob id tympania vocantur ; Plinius). To deal in pearls, negotium margaritarum exercere (after Aurelius Victor, De Vir. Illustr. , 72) : a dealer in pearls, margaritarius (feminine, -a) : the pearl-fishery, margaritarum conquisitio : to be engaged in the pearl-fishery, margaritas conquirere (but Cf. , margaritas urinari is absurd ; it arose probably froma misunderstanding of Plinius, 9, 35, 55 extr. , margaritas urinantium cura peti) : a wreath of pearls, * corolla margaritis distincta : a siring of pearls, or pearl-necklace, linea margaritarum : a necklace of one string of pearls, monolĭnum ; of two, dilĭnum ; of three, trilĭnum : to wear a pearl-necklace, margaritis in linea uti (Ulpianus) : pearl ornaments, ornamenta, in quibus margaritæ insunt (Paullus, Dig. , 34, 2, 32, § 7) : mother-of-pearl, unionum concha (or conchæ) : inlaid, etc. , with mother-of-pearl, unionum conchis distinctus (Suetonius, Ner. , 31) : a diver for pearls, urinator or urinans (diver).
PEARLY, gemmeus ; gemmans : pearly meadows, grass, prata gemmea (Plinius, Ep. , 5, 6, 11 ; pearly with dew) : nerbæ gemrnantes rore recenti (Lucretius, 2, 319 ; with pearly drops of dew). PEASANT, agricola, agri cultor (in respect of occupation ; Cf. , ruricola is poetical) : rusticus (in respect of occupation or of manners ; a boor) : agrestis (one who lives in the country ; also, in respect of manners, a rough unmannerly boor. Cf. , The rusticus violates the conventional laws of behavior ; the agrestis also offends against natural propriety ; opposed to urbanus) : rusticanus (grown up or educated in the country) : paganus, vicanus (a villager ; opposed to oppidanus).
PEASANTRY, plural of PEASANT. κυρικιμασαηικο PEASE, pisa, plural, Of pease, pisinus.
PEAT, * humus turfa (Linnæus).
PEBBLE, calculus ; lapillus.
PEBBLY, calculosus.
PECCABLE, * culpæ, delictis, obnoxius ; * pravis cupiditatibus obnoxius. Rather by circumlocution with the verb peccare, etc.
PECCADILLO, levior noxa ; leve delictum ; vitiurn minus.
PECCANT, vitiosus ; nocens ; peccans, qui peccat.
PECK, s. , the English peck is somewhat more than the Roman modius.
Perhaps, sometimes, to denote the fourth of a bushel, we may say quadrans, or quadrans medimni (the medimnus was a measure of corn among the Greeks containing six modii).
PECK, v. , rostro appetere ; pinsere (Persius).
PECKER, (A bird) picus.
PECTORAL, pectoralis ; or by genitive of pectus.
PECULATE, peculatum facere, depeculari (Cicero) ; peculari (Horatius) ; avertere pecuniam (of embezzling public money). Vid. “To be guilty of PECULATION. ” PECULATION, peculatus (-ûs) publicus (robbery of the public purse) : argenti circumductio (general term for fraud in money matters ; Plautus, Capt. , 5, 4, 34) : suppressio judicialis (embezzlement of money paid into court, or for carrying on a cause ; Cicero, pro Cluent. , 25). Also by circumlocution with pecuniam avertere (de avertenda pecunia quæro abs te, etc. Cicero) ; so also avertere merces. To be accused of peculation, peculatûs accusari : to be guilty of peculation, pecuniam retinere et supprimere : pecuniam avertere (general term) : peculatum facere (rob the public treasury).
PECULATOR, depeculator ærarii : peculator (of the treasury) : qui pecuniam avertit, supprimit, etc.
PECULIAR, proprius (in Cicero only with the genitive ; opposed to communis) : meus (tuus, suus, etc. , i. e. ; my, thy, his, etc. , own). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) proprius et meus ; præcipuus et proprius (special and peculiar) : peculiaris (that anyone alone possesses as a property). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) peculiaris et proprius : privatus (that belongs to anyone as private property ; opposed to publicus) : singularis (characteristic of a person or thing) : a custom common to all or quite peculiar to you, consuetudo communis vel tua solius et propria : the peculiar property of liberty is to live as one pleases, libertatis proprium est vivere ut velis : a thirty has its peculiar nature, rei est natura propria et sua : this is peculiar to myself, hic meus et mos ; sum natura ita generatus : it is peculiar to mankind, est natura sic generata hominis vis, etc. (see Cicero, Fin. , 5, 15, 43) : by peculiar right, jure quodam suo.
PECULIARITY, proprietas (peculiar nature) : natura (natural or characteristic quality). One great peculiarity of his style is, quod orationi ejus eximium inest (Plinius Ep. , 2, 11, 17). Often to be rendered by the adjective.
PECULIARLY, proprie (Cicero) ; peculiariter (Quintilianus, Plinius).
PECUNIARY, by pecuniæ or nummorum. Sometimes pecuniarius (e. g. , inopia rei pecuniæ, pecuniary distress, Cicero : præmia rei pecuniariæ, a pecuniary reward, Cicero ; pecuniariam litem agere, Quintilianus).
PEDAGOGIC, * ad artem liberos educandi instituendique spectans, pertinens.
PEDAGOGUE, pædagogus ; magister.
PEDAL, * pedale (organi or instrumenti musici).
PEDANT, homo ineptus (according to the definition given by Cicero, De Or. , 2, 4, 17, comes nearly up to this notion ; compare Ruhnken, Sen. , Ep. , 76, 13, p. 4) : homo putidus (wearisome, tedious from the length of his explanations) : homo tetricus (stiff, unbending ; checking every outbreak of mirth). OBS. doctor umbraticus in Petronius, (= “a private tutor, attending at the pupil’s own house).
PEDANTIC, ineptus : putidus : tetricus : in literarum ostentatione ineptus et frivolus (Gellius, 15, 30, 2). [SYN. in PEDANT. ] I fear it would be pedantic to, etc. , vereor, ne putidum sit, etc.
PEDANTRY, ineptiæ (general term) : putida jactatio : morositas nimia, or affectatio et morositas nimia (i. e. , in style, the choice of words. Suetonius, Tib. , 70). But these words do not express the notion with any tolerable accuracy. Ruhnken uses pedantismus with a qualifying expression ; e. g. , pedantismi vitium (utamur enim Gallico verbo, quum in Latina lingua non satis aptum huic rei nomen inveniamus). Krebs suggests vanitas, quam hodie novo vocabulo pedantismum vocant (the fault meant being partly expressed by the vanitas Græcula of Latin writers).
PEDDLE, || To trifle, ineptire ; nugari ; ineptias facere. || To act as a pedlar, * merces ostiatim venditare.
PEDDLER, *qui ostiatim merces venditat ; institor (especially of fancy articles ; institor delicatarum mercium, Seneca, Ben. , 4, 38, 3) : circitor (especially a seller of old clothes). To be a peddler, * merces ostiatim venditare. PEDESTAL, stylobates (Greek, Vitruvius). PEDESTRIAN, pedester. A pedestrian, pedes, -itis.
PEDICLE, pediculus (Columella, Plinius).
PEDICULAR, pedicularis ; pediculosus.
PEDIGREE, s. , stemma gentile, or simply stemma (post-Augustan). To recite one’s whole pedigree from memory, memoriter progeniem suam ab avo atque atavo proferre (Terentianus) : to draw up the pedigree of a family, farniliæ originem subtexere (Nepos).
PEDIMENT, fastigium (Cicero, Vitruvius) : tympanum (the surface or space within the pediment, Vitruvius).
PEEL, s. , cutis (thin skin of fruits) : tunica (of corn and farinaceous plants) : cortex (bark of trees).
PEEL, v. , || TRANS. , tunicam, cutem, detrahere ; desquamare. To peel a tree, corticem arbori in orbem detrahere ; decorticare arborem ; delibrare arborem (to take off the inner bark). || INTRANS. , cutem, crustam, deponere or exuere ; desquamari (Plinius) ; cortex ab arbore recedit (peels off).
PEEP, s. , || A look, aspectus, conspectus. To take a peep at, oculis percurrere aliquid (hastily) : aspectum converter aliquo : oculos conjicere in aliquid ; intueri ; contueri ; aspicere aliquid : a peep-show, * cista ubi rerum imagines introspicientibus repræsentantur (Döer. ). || First appearance ; at peep of day, (cum) prima luce ; sub lucis ortum ; diluculo (primo).
PEEP, v. , (To cry as chickens) pipire (Columella) ; pipare (Varro, ap. Non. ). || PEEP AT or INTO, oculis percurrere aliquid ; oculos conjicere in aliquid ; intueri ; aspicere aliquid ; introspicere (into). || PEEP, or PEEP FORTH, ostendere se ; apparere. The day peeps forth, dilucescit.
PEER, s. , par (an equal) : * magnas, unus procerum Britanniæ, Galliæ (of Great Britain or France).
PEER, v. , latius se ostendere ; se offerre ; offerri.
PEERAGE, * dignitas, locus, optimatum,
procerum, magnatum.
PEERLESS, incomparabilis ; eximius ; singularis ; unicus.
PEEVISH, morosus ; difficilis : old age makes me peevish, amariorem me senectus facit (Cicero, Att. , 14, 21, 3) : to become peevish, incidere in morositatem (Cicero).
PEEVISHLY, morose.
PEEVISHNESS, morositas (Cicero) ; morositas naturae (Ruhnken).
PEG, paxillus (Cicero) ; cultellus (Vitruvius) ; epigrus (a peg for fastening, instead of a nail ; perhaps only in plural, Seneca). To come down a peg, * lenius, mollius agere ; * aliquid remittere.
PELICAN, pelecanus or pelicanus (Hieronymus) : pelecanus onocrotalus (Linnæus).
PELISSE, vestis pellicea, or simply pellis (an outer garment lined with skin or fur). In the ordinary acceptation of the word, the same terms may be used with quam vocant, etc.
PELLET, pilula (Plinius).
PELLICLE, pellicula (Cicero).
PELLITORY, herba parietaria (Plinius, Pan. , 51) ; parietaria (Appuleius, Linnæus) ; * asplenium ruta muraria (Linnæus ; perhaps of the wall).
PELL-MELL, promiscue (without distinction) : confuse, permixte (without distinction or order). That is or lies pell-mell, promiscuus ; confusus ; permixtus. The Latin also expresses this idea by compounds with per, etc. ; e. g. , permiscere ; commiscere ; miscere omnia ac turbare ; confundere ; turbare.
PELLUCID, pellucidus, translucidus. To be pellucid, pellucere ; pelluciditatem habere ; lucem transmittere (Seneca).
PELLUCIDITY, pelluciditas (Plinius).
PELT, s. , pellis ; corium ; pelles ferinæ (of wild beasts, Justinus). Covered with pelt, pellitus.
PELT, v. , re aliqua petere ; e. g. , to pelt with mud, luto petere (fœdare, polluere) aliquem. There is a pelting shower, magna vis aquæ dejicitur (Livius) ; imber effunditur (Curtius) : a pelting shower, imber effusus.
PEN, s. , penna scriptoria, or, from context, penna only (used first in the eighth century, Isidorus, Orig. , 6, 14) : calamus scriptorius, or, from context, calamus only (of a reed) : stilus (of metal). To split a pen, * pennam or calamum findere : to make a pen, calamum or pennam temperare (after Cicero, ad Qu. Fr. , 2, 14) : to nib a pen, calamum or pennam exacuere (after Plinius, 17, 14, 24, § 106) : to dip one’s pen in (the ink, etc. ), calamum or pennam intiugere (after Quintilianus, 10, 3, 31) : to lake up one’s pen, calamum (pennam) sumere ; stilum prehendere ; ad scribendum se conferre (jo set about writing) : to be able to write with any pen, quicunque calamus in manus meas venerit, eo uti tamquam bono (Cicero, ad Qu. , Fr. , 2, 15, no. b, § 1) : to guide the pen (the hand) fur anybody, scribentis manum manu superimposita regere (Quintilianus, 1, 1, 27) : the pen does not mark, crassum atramentum pendet calamo (after Persius, 3, 11) : not to touch a pen, nullam literam scribere : nothing but what is excellent could come from the pen of such a man, * nil nisi egregium ab ejus viri scriptione prodire poterat.
PEN, v. , Vid. WRITE.
PEN UP, || Figuratively, constipare : || Properly, pecus textis cratibus claudere (†). PENAL, || Relating to punishment, by circumlocution. A penal law, * lex pœnam sanciens. || Having a punishment attached, pœna or (stronger) supplicio dignus (of persons or things) : animadvertendus (of things ; e. g. , facinus).
PENALTY, pœna (general term) : multa (especially a fine). To condemn to a penalty, pœnam statuere in aliquem (Suetonius) ; pœnam constituere alicui (Cæsar) ; pœnam irrogare alicui (Quintilianus ; Cf. , pœnam irrogare not before time of emperors ; multam irrogare alicui (Cicero) was the act of the accuser, or tribune of the people, proposing that the penalty should be so much) : To condemn to a penalty of so much, multam (with genitive of the amount) imponere or alicui dicere (both Livius). I am willing to suffer the penalty of the law, non recuso, quo minus legis pœnam subeam (Nepos, Epam. , 8, 2) : to subject one’s self to a penalty, pœnam or multam committere. Vid. , also PUNISHMENT.
PENANCE, || Penitence, repentance, Vid. To do p. for anything, aliquid luere, expiare ; pcenas alicujus rei dare, pendere, de-, ex-pendere, exsolvere. || (Ecclesiastical) penalty or satisfaction, piaculum : To impose p. , piaculum ab aliquo exigere.
PENCIL, s. , || A small brush, peniculus (Plinius) ; penicillus (Cicero). || A lead pencil, * stilus cerussatus ; * graphium cerussatum.
PENCIL, v. ,
Properly, penicillo pingere. || Figuratively, pingere.
PENDANT, As an ornament, * ornamentum pendulum : inaures (ear-rings).
PENDING, [Vid. DURING. ] A suit pending, lis nondum judicata.
PENDULOUS, pensilis ; pendulus.
PENDULUM, perhaps * perpendiculum.
PENETRATE, penetrare, intrare (to enter ; properly and figuratively) : invadere (to rush in ; properly and figuratively : all three with a simple accusative, or with in and an accusative) : influere : infundi (to flow in ; of a great number) : se insinuare (to penetrate imperceptibly) : descendere (to descend, go down ; e. g. , ferrum haud alte in corpus descendit : ferrum in ilia descendit [poetical] : then, figuratively, of impressions on the mind, etc. ; e. g. , hoc verbum in pectus ejus alte descendit).
PENETRATING, penetrans : acer : acutus (sharp) : gravis (that falls heavily ; figuratively, weighty). A penetrating voice, vox peracuta : a penetrating mind, acumen ingenii ; perspicacitas.
PENETRATION, acumen or acies ingenii ; acutum, acre, ingenium (Cicero) ; ingenii sagacitas (Ern. ) ; ingenii felicitas (Ruhnken) ; animus acrior (Cicero) ; or simply ingenium ; acumen ; sagacitas ; sollertia ; subtilitas ; calliditas : to be a man of great penetration, ingenio esse acerrimo, acutissimo ; ingenii acumine florere.
PENINSULA, pæninsula (Livius, Plinius) ; also by circumlocution ; e. g. , the Peloponnesus is a peninsula, Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est (Cicero, de Rep. , 2, 4).
PENITENCE, pœnitentia (peccatorum) ; * dolor ex peccatorum recordatione conceptus or susceptus : vis pœnitendi (e. g. , so deep or sincere was his penitence, tanta vis erat pœnitendi!).
PENITENT, pœnitens (Cicero) ; * pœnitentia tactus, commotus ; * pœnitentiam agens alicujus rei. To feel penitent, pœnitet me ; agor ad pœnitendum ; subit me pœnitentia ; about or for anything, pœnitet me alicujus rei or (less commonly) ago pœnitentiam alicujus rei : so penitent was he! tanta vis erat pœnitendi! PENITENTIAL, * pœnitentiam testans, declarans.
Penitential tears, * lacrimæ quas pœnitentia peccatorum elicit : a penitential psalm, * psalmus, carmen, ad pœnitentiam peccatorum vocans : penitential feelings, * animus ad mentem vitamque emendandam paratus.
PENITENTIARY, adjective, by pœnitentiæ ; or ad pœnitentiam (pertinens). PENITENTLY, * animo pœnitente or pœnitentia commoto, tacto.
PENKNIFE, scalprum librarium (Suetonius, Vitr. , 2) : scalprum (Tacitus, Ann. , 5, 8 ; 5, 2) : * culter plicatilis (a clasp-knife).
PENMAN, qui scribit (general term) ; scriptor (author). An elegant or accomplished penman, qui eleganti or nitida manu literas facit (after Plautus, Pseud. , 1, 1, 28).
PENMANSHIP, * ars scriptoria : * calligraphia ; * ars commode scribendi.
PENNANT, * vexillum nauticum.
PENNILESS, perpauper : egentissimus : omnibus rebus egens : omnium egenus : cui minus nihilo est. To be penniless, alicui minus nihilo est. Vid. also, POOR.
PENNY, * nummus, teruncius. (Cf. , These words do not, however, express exactly the value of our penny, so that it may be necessary sometimes to retain the term. ) : Not a penny, ne numum quidem (e. g. , will I give). To agree to a penny, ad numum convenire (Cicero) : to pay to a penny, ad assem reddere aliquid (Plinius, Ep. ) : not to be able to get a single penny, ne nummum quidem auferre posse (Cicero).
PENNYROYAL, * pulegium ; * mentha pulegium (Linnæus). PENNYWEIGHT, * quadrans drachmæ.
PENNYWORT, * Lysimachia nummularia (Linnæus).
PENSILE, pensilis ; pendulus.
PENSION, s. , stipendium ; beneficium annuum ; annua ad honorem præbita, -orum, neuter (after Suetonius, Tib. 50, and Vitruvius 10, 16, 3). To grant a pension to anybody, annua ad henorem præbere (general term) ; de publico quotannis certam mercedem alicui tribuere ad honorem (Vitruvius, 10, 16, 3 ; of a public life) ; * annuo stipendio aliquem juvare, sustentare (for support).
PENSION, v. , Vid. “to grant a PENSION TO”: to pension off, * pacto annuo stipendio aliquem dimittere, in vacationem muneris dare : to pension an officer, præfectum militum commodis emeritæ militiæ dimittere (after Suetonius, Cal. , 44) ; aliquem cum annuis præbendis dimittere (a civil officer).
PENSIONER, miles missicius (a soldier pensioned off ; vid. Suetonius, Ner. , 48) : * qui victu apud aliquem utitur pacta mercede ; * cui gratuitum victum, or quotidianum victum gratis, præbetur ; sometimes * alumnus.
PENSIVE, cogitaburidus (very late, Appuleius) ; in cogitationibus defixus (in a pensive altitude) or animum in cogitationibus defixum habens (after Cicero).
PENT UP, clausus ; inclusus.
PENTACHORD, pentachordus (Marcellinus, Cap. ).
PENTAGON, pentagon (Math. ).
PENTAGONAL, pentagonus or pentagonius (Auct. de Limit. ) ; pentagonium (cinquefoil ; Appuleius) ; quinquangularis (Math. ).
PENTAMETER, pentameter (Quintilianus).
PENTATEUCH,
Pentateuchus or Pentateuchum (Tertullianus).
PENTECOST,
Pentecoste, -es, feminine (Tertullianus). The feast of Pentecost, * dies Pentecostales or * dies festi Pentecostes. Cf. , Not festum Pentecostale.
PENT-HOUSE, * tuguriolum parieti affixum.
PENULT,
PENULTIMATE, pænultimus. The penultimate, pænultima (sc. Syllaba).
PENURIOUS, parcus ; tenax ; parcus et tenax ; restrictus ; restrictus et tenax ; malignus (penurious toward others). Very penurious, præparcus : to be penurious, parce vivere (live closely) : parcere (with dative) ; parcum, tenacem esse (with genitive) ; parce ac tenuiter vivere.
PENURIOUSLY, parce ; maligne ; tenuiter. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) parce ac tenuiter (e. g. , vivere, to live).
PENURY, penuria ; egestas ; summa paupertas.
PEONY, pæonia (Plinius).
PEOPLE, s. , || Persons (general term), homines, plural ; frequently, however, in Latin, homines is omitted : (a) with adjectives ; e. g. , many people, multi ; all people, omnes ; good people, boni : (b)when followed by qui ; e. g. , there are people who say, sunt, qui dicant : there are people who believe, sunt, qui existiment : (c) in the phrase people (= persons generally, most men) say, dicunt ; narrant. || Persons belonging to anyone, alicujus familia (the slaves, etc. , collectively ; vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 1, 4) : alicujus famuli, ministri (servants) : alicujus comites, qui aliquem comitantur (attendants) : alicujus milites (soldiers) ; my, thy, etc. , people, mei, tui (vid.
Plinius, Ep. , 5, 6, 46 ; of the servants) : to belong to the people of anyone, esse ab aliquo. || Persons derived from a common origin, gens (as descended from one ancestor) : natio (as belonging to the same country, and possessing the same national characteristics ; so that one gens may include many nationes) : genus (a race distinguished by certain peculiar excellences or good qualities) : populus (a society of free citizens, or of men united under one common government ; the Latins also used nomen in this sense to designate some particular people defined by the context ; e. g. , Hannibal, inimicissimus nomini Romano, to the Roman people) : foreign people, nationes, or gentes, exteræ ; populi externi. || The inhabitants of a town, etc. populus (the people of all classes ; distinguished sometimes from the principes or senatus, sometimes from the plebs) : plebs (the lower orders ; distinguished sometimes from the patricii, nobiles ; sometimes from the populus) : vulgus (the common people ; i. e. , not so much those of the lower ranks as those who are personally and individually inferior to others, being culpably ignorant, low-minded, or immoral) : cives, civitas (the body of citizens) : in the name of the people, publice : out of the pockets of the people, publice ; publico sumtu ; de publico (so that the people bear the expense) : impendio publico (so that the people suffer loss) : a man of the people, homo plebeius (in speaking of his descent) : homo de plebe (in speaking of his actual position).
PEOPLE, v. , frequentare (incolis) : to people a place with colonists, coloniam or colonos deducere, mittere aliquo (the former when a person himself leads the colonists to a place) : peopled, frequens, celeber (populous; opposed to deseitus).
PEPPER, s. , piper, -ĕris, neuter : white pepper, piper album (Horatius, Sat. ) ; candidum (Plinius) : black pepper, piper nigrum : pepper-corn, granum piperis (Plinius) ; bacca piperis (Vitruvius).
PEPPER, v. , pipere condire aliquid : peppered, piperatus (Plinius).
PEPPER-BOX, * pyxis piperis.
PEPPER-MILL, * mola piperi molendo.
PEPPERMINT, * mentha piperata (Linnæus). PEPPER-TREE, arbor piperis (Plinius).
PEPPERWORT, piperitis (Plinius) ; * Lepidium latifolium (Linnæus).
PERADVENTURE, Vid.
PERHAPS.
PERAMBULATE, perambulare (mostly poetical ; but perambulare multas terras, Varro) ; peragrare ; lustrare ; perlustrare (Livius, Velleius) : obire ; percurrere.
PERAMBULATION, peragratio : lustratio (both Cicero) ; or by the verbs.
PERCEIVABLE,
PERCEPTIBLE, quod sub aspectum or oculos cadit ; quod in conspectum cadit ; quod oculis cerni, percipi potest ; aspectabilis.
PERCEIVABLY, palam ; aperte ac palam ; evidenter ; manifesto. Vid.
PLAINLY.
PERCEIVE, || To see, Vid. || To observe, mark, videre ; videre animo ; cernere ; cernere mente ; perspicere ; sentire. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sentire ac videre ; intelligere ; animadvertere : one may easily perceive, facile intelligi, or conjici, potest : as far as I perceive, quantum equidem video, or intelligo.
PERCEPTIBLY, Vid.
PERCEIVABLE.
PERCEPTION, animadversio ; or by circumlocution with the verbs.
PERCEPTIVE, quo cernimus, percipimus, etc.
PERCH, s. , || A pole, pertica ; decempeda, -æ (as a measuring rod) : a little peach, pertica pusilla. || A certain measure, pertica (Frontin. ; because the land was measured with a pole, pertica). || A certain fish, perca (Plinius).
PERCH, v. , (arbori) insidere, considere (of several) ; (in arbore) sedere.
PERCHANCE, fortasse ; forsitan (the latter always with the subjunctive. Cf. , Fortassis is rare ; forsan is poetical). Cf. , Observe, also, that forte is not to be used for fortasse in all cases ; but the rule is that the Latin has always forte, and not fortasse, after si, nisi, ne (not so after num) : haud scio an, nescio an (nullus, nemo, numquam), as a modest or diffident form of expression. Vid. also, PERHAPS.
PERCUSSION, percussio ; pulsus.
PERDITION, exitium ; interitus. Vid. also, DESTRUCTION, RUIN.
PEREGRINATION, peregrinatio (Cicero).
PEREMPTORILY, Vid. ABSOLUTELY, POSITIVELY.
PEREMPTORY, || (In law) peremptorius (Ulpianus). A peremptory citation, peremptorium (sc. edictum, Hermog. , Dig. , 42, 1, 53) ; disceptationi perimeridæ dictus, constitutus (after Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 27, 5) . || Positive, absolute, vid.
PERENNIAL, || Lasting a year, perennis ; annuus. || Lasting many years (botany), perennis. To be a perennial, perennare (e. g. , quo melius ficus perennet, Columella, 12, 5, 2 ; but this is only of keeping a long time ; still perennis, perennare must be retained as technical terms).
PERFECT, plenus (general term, having its full number, size, etc) : integer (whole, unmutilated, etc. ) : absolutus : perfectus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) absolutus et perfectus : perfectus atque absolutus : expletus et perfectus : perfectus cumulatusque : perfectus completusque (that has the highest perfection) : verus : germanus (real, genuine) : thoroughly perfect, absolutus omnibus numeris : perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus : totus (whole, opposed to the single parts) : totus integer (in the fullest manner or sense ; Gellius, 12, 1, in. ) : a perfect duty, perfectum absolutumque officium : perfect virtue, perfecta cumulataque virtus : a perfect orator, orator plenus atque perfectus ; perfectus homo in dicendo et perpolitus : more perfect, perfectior (e. g. , perpolitius aliquid perfectiusque, Cicero) : most perfect, summus et perfectissimus (Cicero). Anything is perfect madness, aliquid summæ est dementiæ (e. g. , exspectare, dum, etc. ) : a perfect philosopher, philosophus absolutus : a perfect orator, orator perfectus ; homo perfectus in dicendo : a perfect Stoic, perfectus Stoicus (that can not be found fault with) : germanissimus Stoicus (deviating in nothing from the Stoic school) : to make anything perfect, absolvere (to accomplish anything, so that nothing is wanting in it ; e. g. , a benefaction, beneficium) : cumulare aliquid (to put the finishing stroke to a thing, to crown it ; e. g. , joy, gaudium). κυρικιμασαηικο
PERFECT, v. , perficere ; conficere ; absolvere. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) absolvere et perficere. Vid. To COMPLETE.
PERFECTION, integritas (completeness) : absolutio : perfectio. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) absolutio perfectioque (highest degree of finish) : perfection of virtue, virtus perfecta cumulataque : moral perfection, perfectum honestum : to attain perfection, ad perfectionem pervenire : ad summa venire : to bring a thing to perfection, aliquid absolvere, or perficere, or absolvere et perficere.
PERFECTLY, perfecte ; absolute (without defect or fault) : plane, prorsus, omnino (entirely) : plene, integre (fully).
PERFIDIOUS, perfidus (as to single actions) : perfidiosus (as to the whole character) : perfidia præditus (Cicero, Flacc. , 3) ; infldus ; infidelis.
PERFIDIOUSLY, perfidiose (Cf. , perfide not before the Silver Age) ; infideliter ; sine fide. To act perfidiously, perfide or fraudulenter agere.
PERFIDY, perfidia (faithlessness) : infidelitas (the conduct or properties of a faithless person) : perjura fides († Horatius).
PERFORATE, terebrare (with a gimlet or other borer) : perterebrare (thoroughly) : perforare
(to make a hole through).
PERFORM, || To achieve, accomplish, conficere (to bring to an end, so that the labor is over ; to finish, without reference to the production of a perfect work, itinera, mandata conficiuntur, non perficiuntur nec absolvuntur, Diod. ) : efficere, ad effectum adducere (to bring to actual existence) : perficere (to carry through to the end ; to make anything perfect ; opposed to inchoare, to begin) : absolvere (to finish off, so that no more remains to be done ; to make complete ; opposed to inchoare, instituere). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) absolvere ac (et) perficere : peragere (to carry a business through) : exsequi, persequi (to follow up till it is done ; especially of things done by rule or direction, officium, mandata) : adipisci, assequi (the former dwelling more on the object achieved ; the latter on the persevering exertions by which it was achieved) : ad finem adducere (to bring anything to its intended end ; to complete) : patrare (of important actions publicly performed ; an old and solemn word that had probably a religious meaning at first ; strengthened perpetrare) : sometimes facere alone (opposed to cogitare). To be able to perform anything, * parem esse alicui rei exsequendæ. To perform one’s promises [vid.
PROMISES]. || To do, act, facere, agere. [SYN. in ACT. ] || To act a part on the stage, or in life, agere aliquem or alicujus partes ; alicujus personam tueri (not alicujus personam agere) : simulare aliquem , or with accusative and infinitive (to pretend to be anybody) : Cf. , ludere aliquem is unclassical ; exhibere aliquem, not Latin : to perform a play, fabulam agere (not fabulam docere, which is said of the author only). To forbid the players to perform, histrionibus scenam interdicere (Suetonius) : the players will not perform to-night, * histriones hodie in scenam non prodibunt.
PERFORMANCE, || A performing, exsecutio ; or by the verbs. || Act, deed, factum. || Work, opus. || A play acted, fabula acta.
PERFORMER, || A doer, etc. , qui facit, agit, perficit, etc. || A player, artifex scenicus (general term) : actor (scenicus) ; histrio ; ludio, ludius. SYN. in ACTOR.
PERFUME, s. , odor (general term) : unguentum (unguent) : tus (frankincense) : perfumes, odores : perfumes (as article of commerce), merces odorum.
PERFUME, v. , odoribus, unguentis, imbuere aliquid ; odoribus perfundere aliquid : unguento perfricare (by unguents rubbed on or in) : bonis odoribus suffire aliquid (Columella, by burning perfumes) : locum variis odoribus inficere (Seneca, Vitr. Beat. , 1, 11) : to perfume one’s self, se unguere (Terentianus) ; se odoribus imbuere ; caput et os suum unguento perfricare : to be perfumed, unguenta olere (Terentianus) ; unguentis delibutum, oblitum, esse (Cicero) ; unguentis affluere.
PERFUMER, myropola, -æ (Plautus) ; unguentarius (Cicero, Horatius) : a perfumer’s shop, myropolium (Plautus).
PERFUMERY, unguenta (plural) ; odores (plural).
PERFUNCTORILY, indiligenter ; negligenter ; sine cura ; incuriose.
PERFUNCTORY, parum accuratus (of things) : negligens, incuriosus (of persons).
PERHAPS, fortasse : forsitan (the latter with the subjunctive, except when it is inserted, as it were, parenthetically in the sentence, the verb not being dependent on it ; e. g. , longiorem orationem causa forsitan postulat, Cicero, p. Lig. , 12, 38 ; vid. Handrianus, Turs. , ii. , p. 715. Cf. , Forsitan stands only in principal, not in dependent sentences ; hence it would be wrong to say quum forsitan hæc tibi nota sint, for fortasse. Neither of these two must be used in questions, or after si, nisi, ne) : forte (only after si, sin, nisi, ni, ne. Krüger adds to these num : Görenz num and ecquid : Krebs, in his second edition, rejects both of these, and says that in questions “perhaps, ” “perchance” should be left untranslated) : Cf. , fors, fors sit, forsit are all poetical : fortasse an (Varro, and Gellius : forsan is poetical ; fortassis once stood in several places in Cicero where fortasse is now read, Krebs) : haud scio an, nescio an (after which nullus, nemo, numquam are to be used for “any, ” “any body, ” “ever;” e. g. , huic uni contigit, quod nescio an ulli, which perhaps never occurred to anyone else, Nepos). In questions : “whether perhaps any, ” (after quærere, percunctari, etc. ) is to be translated by ecquis (or ecqui), ecquæ (or ecqua), ecquid (not by si quis). Thus quæris ecqua spes sit! fac sciam, ecquid venturi sitis.
Perhaps somebody, forsitan quispiam ; aliquis forte. Unless perhaps, nisi forte : if perhaps, si forte : lest perhaps, ne forte.
PERIGEE (in astronomy), * perigæum (technical term).
PERIHELION (in astronomy), * perihelium (technical term).
PERIL, periculum ; discrimen. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) periculum ac discrimen. Vid. DANGER.
PERILOUS, periculosus ; periculi plenus ; anceps ; dubius ; Vid. DANGEROUS.
PERIOD, || Space of time, spatium temporis ; tempus, (plural) tempora ; ætas (age) : tempestas (a space of time with its characteristic distinctions, a period marked by its history) : Cf. , æra in this sense is very low Latin ; periodus is without authority : no period of my life, nullum ætatis meæ tempus. || End, vid. || Sentence, orbis orationis or verborum ; circuitus orationis ; verborum circuitus, complexio, ambitus, comprehensio ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) comprehensio et ambitus verborum ; verborum continuatio, constructio ; conversio orationis (Cicero), or simply, ambitus, circuitus, comprehensio, circumscriptio, continuatio (vid. Cicero, Brut. , 44, 162 ; id. Or. , 61, 204 ; Cf. , periodus in this sense is not strictly a Latin word ; Cicero gives ambitus, circuitio, etc. , adding once quem Græci περίοδον, etc. in Greek characters, once si sic periodum appellari placet ; and so Quintilianus, Inst. , 9, 4, 14 ; but it has been commonly employed in this sense by modern writers ; and sometimes, for perspicuity, it may be necessary to adopt it) : well-constructed periods, arguti, certique et circumscripti verborum ambitus (Cicero, Or. , 12, 138) : a complete period, comprehensio plena (ib. ) : a short period, brevis comprehensio et ambitus verborum (Cicero, Brut. , 44, 162) : too long a period, nimis longa sententiarum continuatio (Cicero, De Or. , 3, 13, 49) : avoid long periods, fugere oportet longam verborum continuationem (Auct. , ad Her. , 4, 12, 18) : a neat and well-rounded period, apta et quasi rotunda verborum constructio (Cicero, Brut. , 78, 272) ; forma concinnitasque verborum facit orbem suum (Cicero, Or. , 44, 149 ; the period is well rounded).
PERIODICAL, adjective. , || Recurring at intervals, certo tempore recurrens : periodical diseases, morbi accidentes et remittentes ; morbi certo tempore recurrentes : periodical winds, etesiæ (plural, of the winds that blew in the Mediterranean, etc. , in the dog-days) ; verti, qui certo tempore in aliquo loco flare consueverunt or qui certo tempore ex aliqua cœli parte spirant (cf. Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 7 ; Gellius, 2, 2, extr. ).
Periodical writings or works, perhaps ephemerides. || Constructed in periods, compositus ; circumscriptus : numerose et apte cadens : a periodical style, oratio structa, apta, vincta (opposed to oratio soluta or dissipata) ; verborum apta et quasi rotunda constructio ; circumscriptus verborum ambitus (Cicero).
PERIODICAL, s. , * ephemeris, * plagula ephemeridum, actorum diurnorum (daily) : * libellus hebdomadalis (weekly) : * libellus menstruus (monthly) : libellus trimestris (quarterly).
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PERIODICALLY, || At stated intervals, certis temporibus or certo tempore ; or by circumlocution ; e. g. , morbus nunc accedit, nunc recedit. || In regular periods (of style), circumscripte et numerose (e. g. , dicere) ; oratio bene cadit et volvitur (Cicero, Or. , 69, 229, is constructed periodically).