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NEUTRALITY, neutrius partis, or neutrarum partium studium ; from the context also quies or otium. By his neutrality he neither escaped the hatred of the people nor acquired the favor of the Senate, medium se gerendo nec plebis vitavit odium, nec apud patres gratiam iniit : to observe neutrality [vid. To be or remain NEUTRAL] : to observe an armed neutrality, * cum armis quiescere : to allow no neutrality, media tollere ; to anyone, medium aliquem esse non sinere : to force a country to observe neutrality, facere, ut regio sit media or sit neutrius partis.
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NEUTRALIZE, tollere or funditus tollere (quite to remove it) : one motion neutralizes the other, alter motus alteri renititur : propositions that neutralize each other, pugnantia (in philosophy).
NEVER, numquam ; non umquam ; nullo tempore.
Never before, numquam antea ; numquam ante hoc tempus : and never, nec umquam (Cf., et numquam is not Latin) : never more, numquam post.
NEVERTHELESS, nihil o minus (Cicero) ; nihilo secius (Cæsar, Nep., Cf., not in Cicero) ; nihilo segnius (with equal zeal or activity).
NEW, novus (that did not exist before ; opposed to vetus. In a wider sense also = unusual, unheard of ; hence (The words are found in this connection and order. ) novus et inauditus ; and also = inexperienced. Cf., Cicero rarely used the superlative of novus ; as in Cicero, pro Rosc. Com., 11, 30) : recens (lately come into existence, lately risen, fresh, young ; opposed to antiquus ; also, (The words are found in this connection and order. ) recens ac novus or novus ac recens). Still new to anyone, insolitus (e. g., domicilium) : a new law, lex nova (the like of which does not exist) ; lex recens (lately made). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) lex recens ac novus (Cicero, Flacc., 6) : a new garment, vestis recens (not yet worn out) : vestis nova (after a new fashion) : new soldiers, milites novi (lately become such) ; tirones (still untrained) : the new moon, luna nova : new words, vocabula nova (newly-formed) ; vocabula recentia (that have lately come into use) : to coin new words, verba novare : a new nobility, nova nobilitas : the new philosophers, philosophi recentiores : is there anything new ? num quidnam novi? what is there new pray? quid tandem novi? nothing new has arisen, nihil novi accessit : I have nothing new to tell you, novi, quod ad te scriberem, nihil erat : to make anything new , aliquid novare (to make for the first time ; e. g., verba) : aliquid renovare, or renovare et instaurare (to renew what formerly existed) : to have new clothes on, nove vestitum esse (after a new fashion) : veste recenti indutum esse (to have on a garment which is still new, not worn out) : a new year, annus incipiens or iniens (the beginning) : annus proximus (the next year) : a new-year’s gift, strena : new-year’s day, primus incipientis anni dies : the new Academy, adolescentior Academia (the philosophical school so called).
NEWLY, nove (in a new manner) : nuper (in late times) : recens (Cf., recens as an adverb, is not classical ; but by circumlocution by the adjective, either alone or followed by a with an ablative of the substantive ; e. g., a defeat newly sustained, recens calamitas [not recens accepta calamitas], as Cæsar, B. G., 5, 47, recens victoria).
Newly born, recens a natu (not recens natus).
NEWS, nuncius (tidings) : fama (report) : Bad news, nuncius tristis, acerbus : to receive bad news, malum nuncium audire ; tristis nuncius venit : good news, optatus nuncius : to bring good news, exoptatum nuncium afferre (Cicero) ; exoptabilem nuncium nunciare (Plautus) : to bring news, nuncium ferre (Livius), afferre, perferre (Cicero), apportare (Terentianus) ; (of anything) nunciare alicui aliquid ; perferre aliquid ad aliquem (Cicero) ; certiorem facere, docere, edocere aliquem de aliqua re (Cæsar) : to receive news, aliquid cognoscere, comperire, discere : is there any news ? num quid novi? I have no news to tell you. Vid. in NEW.
NEWSMONGER, * nova quæque captans, venans.
NEWSPAPER, acta publica (plural), or simply acta (plural ; whether daily or otherwise) : acta diurna (plural ; daily) : daily news, * diurna, quæ res novas per orbem terrarum gestas narrant. To be in the newspaper, in actis vulgatum esse (Quintilianus) : to insert in the newspapers, (diurnis) actis mandare (Tertullianus) : a newspaper-office, * ædes ubi eduntur et dimittuntur diurna : a writer in a newspaper, * diurnorum scriptor : an article in a newspaper, * locus actorum diurnorum.
NEWT, lacerta, lacertæ, feminine, or lacertus, lacerti, m.
NEXT, adjective, || In place, proxime (followed by an accusative, a dative, or an ablative with a) ; secundum (with an accusative) ; e. g. proxime Carthaginem ; proxime hostium castris , proxime a vallo ; accipere vulnus in capite secundum aurem. || In order or time, proxime, secundum, or proxime et secundum (with an accusative). This may also be expressed by the adjective ; e. g., duobus summis oratoribus proximus accedebat L. Philippus ; secundus a rege. || In resemblance, proxime (with an accusative).
NEXT, preposition and adverb, || In situation, juxta (near to, hard by) : proxime (followed by an accusative, a dative, or by a (ab) with an ablative ; quite near to) : secundum (toward, up to, with verbs of motion, or of making, placing, etc ; not very rare, and found in the best authors). || In order, secundum ; proxime et secundum (Cf., juxta occurs first in Livy, and post only in Celsus, in this sense) : si discesseris a or ab ; quum discessi, discesserim, a or ab (apart from) ; e. g., præter auctoritatem vires quoque habet, ad, etc. : believe me that, next to you, there is no one whose, etc., te existimare velim, quum a vobis discesserim, neminem esse, cujus, etc. || Of time, in expressions such as “next coming, ” proximus ; qui proxime futurus est.
NIB, s., || The bill of a bird, rostrum. || The point of a pen, acumen (styli, Cicero).
NIB, v., acuere.
NIBBLE, rodere. To nibble at, derodere (Cicero) ; arrodere (Plautus , Plinius, once in Cicero) : to nibble round, eircumrodere (Plinius) ; to nibble at the bait, hamum mordere.
NICE, || Delicate, fastidiosus ; fastidii plenus. || Exact, accuratus ; exquisitus ; subti̅lis. || Dangerous, periculosus. || Sweet, dulcis.
NICELY, exquisite : accurate.
NICENESS, Vid. NICETY.
NICETY, || Accuracy, cura, accuratio (the latter Cicero, Brut., 67, 238, mira accuratio in componendis rebus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) cura et diligentia : subtilitas (acuteness, subtilty ; e. g., with mathematical nicety, geometrica subtilitate docere aliquid) : sometimes diligentia (close application and attention). With the greatest nicety, accuratissime, exactissime, or sometimes diligentissime : nicety of style, loquendi elegantia ; urbanitas (opposed to rustica asperitas) : niceties of words, argutiæ ; spinæ ; dumeta (hair-splitting distinctions, especially in philosophy). PROV., I shall not stand upon niceties, per me sint omnia protinus alba (Persius). || Niceties = delicacies, etc , cuppedia (plural) or cuppediæ ; cibi delicatiores ; res ad epulandum exquisitissimæ ; bonæ res (Nepos, Ages., 8, 5) ; gulæ irritamenta.
NICK, s., || Notch, incisura (crena, Plinius, is doubtful). || Exact point (of time), tempus ; vestigium temporis ; or simply vestigium when the context fixes the sense. In the very nick of time, in tempore ; commode ; commodum ; opportune ; peropportune ; in ipso temporis articulo (at the most critical and decisive moment).
NICK, v., || To hit, rem acu tangere (Plautus), attingere ; conjecturâ consequi. || To notch, inci̅dere. || To deceive, cheat, alicui imponere ; fraudem or fallaciam alicui facere ; dolum alicui nectere or confingere ; aliquem circumducere (commentators).
NICKEL, perhaps orichalcum from the context ; or Nickel (technical term).
NICKNAME, s., nomen joculare (Auson. ) ; * nomen per ludibrium alicui datum. To give anybody a nickname, nomen joculare alicui dare : to call anybody by the nickname of, * aliquem joculariter nominare (with accusative of the nickname).
NICKNAME, v., * nomen per ludibrium alicui dare.
NIECE, fratris, or sororis, filia.
NIGGARD,
NIGGARDLY, parcus ; tenax ; malignus.
NIGGARDLINESS, parsimonia (in anything, alicujus rei) : tenacitas (close-fistedness, * Livius, 34, 7, 4) : malignitas (that withholds from others the full measure of what is due to them).
NIGH, Vid. NEAR.
NIGHT, nox (the proper word) ; tenebræ (darkness ; also, figuratively, of the mind). A dark night, nox obscura, nox caliginosa, nox obducta or cæca : a long, short night, nox longa, contractor : the shortest night, nox solstitialis (opposed to nox brumalis) : a space of two, three nights, binoctium, trinoctium : by night, in the night, nocte ; noctu ; nocturno tempore : toward the approach of night, sub noctem ; prima, nocte ; primo vespere ; nocte appetente ; primis se intendentibus tenebris : in the middle of the night, media nocte : late at night, concubia nocte : still in the night, de nocte : still in the middle of the night, de media nocte : while it is yet still night, de multa nocte (all three with verbs of motion ; e. g., proficisci) : until late at night, ad multam noctem (Cf., in serum noctis is post-classical) : night is coming on, nox appetit ; tenebræ oboriuntur : night is close at hand, nox ingruit or imminet : night overtakes one, nox opprimit aliquem ; nox alicui supervenit : to stay up the whole night, noctem pervigilare ; (for the purpose of labor or study) lucubrare : to have a good night, bene quiescere : to have a bad night, noctem insomnem agere : good night! perhaps molliter cubes! (after Ovidius, Her., 7, 62) or salve! salvere te jubeo! vale! valere te jubeo! (the usual salutation at meeting and parting) : to wish good night to anyone, aliquem salvere or valere
jubeo.
NIGHT-CAP, * galerus cubicularis ; or * quem dormientes gerere consuevimus.
NIGHT-GOWN, * vestis nocturna or cubicularis.
NIGHTINGALE, luscinia (rarely luscinius) ; Philomela (poetical).
NIGHT-MAN, latrinarum purgator (J. Firm. ).
NIGHTMARE, incŭbo (Petronius) : ephialtes (Macrobius) : suppressio nocturna (Plinius) : to have the nightmare, nocturna suppressione vexari (Plinius) ; ab incubone deludi (Scribonius, Larg. ).
NIGHTSHADE, solanum (Plinius, Celsus, Linnæus).
NIGHTSTOOL, lasănum ; sella pertusa or familiaris, or simply sella.
NIMBLE, agilis ; pernix.
NIMBLENESS, pernicitas (bodily strength and agility) : agilitas (quickness and dexterity).
NIMBLY, agiliter, perniciter (both post-Augustan) :
Or by the adjectives.
NINE, novem ; noveni (distributive).
Nine times, novies : nine o’clock, hora nona : it has struck nine, * nona hora audita est, præteriit : nine hundred, nongenti ; nongeni (distributive) : nine hundred times, noningenties : the nine hundredth, noningentesimus : nine million, nonagies centum millia.
NINE-FOLD, novies sumtus ; novemplex (not classical).
NINETEEN, decem et novem (Cf., not novem et decem) : undeviginti (more rare ; Cf., novemdecim is without authority, vid. Zumpt, § 115) : (distributive) undeviceni.
Nineteen hundred, mille et nongenti : nineteen thousand, undeviginti millia : nineteen hundred thousand, undevicies centum millia : nineteen hundred times, millies et nongenties : nineteen thousand times, undevicies millies.
NINETEENTH, decimus nonus ; undevicesimus.
NINETIETH, nonagesimus.
NINETY, nonaginta ; nonageni (distributive).
Ninety times, nonagies.
NINNY (NINNYHAMMER, NINCOMPOOP), colloquial, for “a simpleton, ” bardus ; ineptus ; stolidus ; non compos (mentis), whence by contraction, NINCOMPOOP. NINTH, nonus.
NINTHLY, nono.
NIP, vellicare (Quintilianus) ; comprimere digitis aliquid. To nip with cold, urere : to nip anything in the bud, figuratively, primo tempore opprimere et exstinguere aliquid (Cicero).
NIPPERS, plural, forceps.
NIPPLE, papilla (Plinius).
Nipple-wort, * lapsana (Linnæus).
NIT, lens, gen. lendis, feminine (Plinius).
NITRE, nitrum (* sal petræ, technical term). Spirits of nitre, * spiritus nitri.
NITROUS, nitrosus ; nitro similis (like nitre).
NO, adverb, non ; minime vero, minime. . . quidem (no, not at all) : imo, imo vero, imo enim vero, imo potius (when one answers by the contrary ; no! on the contrary). Cf., The verb from the preceding question is usually repeated with non ; as, is your brother within? estne frater intus? no! non! or better, non est : are you not angry? non irata es? no! non sum irata : do you not believe these things? an tu hæc non credis? no, no! not at all, minime vero! or, are you of opinion that it is not necessary for a good state to give suitable laws? an censes non necesse esse optimæ reipublicæ leges dare consentaneas? no! I am quite of that opinion, imo prorsus ita censeo : are you then deceiving him? siccine hunc decipis? no! on the contrary, he is cheating me, imo enim vero hic me decipit. Cf., For the English “no, it is not so, ” we must not repeat non, and say non, non ita est, we must say only non ita est). To answer yes or no, aut etiam aut non respondere : the one says yes, the other no, hic ait, ille negat : to say no to anything, negare aliquid (to deny or negative) ; abnuere ; denegare ; negare se aliquid facturum esse (to refuse).
NO,
NONE,
NO ONE, adjective and s., nullus, nemo (Cf., nullus, substantively and adjectively, of persons or things ; nemo usually substantively, rarely as an adjective, only of persons. Cf., When a genitive is required, use nullius for neminis, which does not occur in the best prose, and the ablative nemine occurs only in early and post-classical Latin ; e. g., Tacitus, Ann., 16, 27 ; Hist., 2, 47 : for this we find nullo, vid. Zumpt, § 676 ; Wytenb., § 226, A. 1 ; Stürenb. ad Cic., Arch., 6, p. 96 ; ad Off., Comment, ii. ; Kühner ad Cic., Tusc., . 5, 22, 63) : nemo homo (only in Cicero) : non ullus, non quisquam (none whatever, the former substantively, the latter adjectively) : no Roman, nemo Romanus (Cicero) ; no writer, nemo scriptor or nullus scriptor (Cicero Cf., Stürenburg ad Cic., Off., refers nemo to quality, and nullus to quantity ; so that nemo scriptor = nemo scriptor qualiscunque est ; nullus scriptor = nullus scriptor, quotquot sunt). When nullus and nemo are used as partitives, i. e., when ” no ” is opposed to the other parts or to the whole, they frequently take a genitive ; e. g., no mortal, nemo mortalium : no animal is wiser, nulla belluarum prudentior est ; but for the genitive, we may sometimes use a circumlocution with de, ex ; e. g., none of ours fell, nemo de nostris cecidit. Nihil is often apparently used for nullus and nemo (with a genitive when for nullus) ; but there is this difference, that nihil gives emphasis to the negative sense ; e. g., none is more unfortunate than I, none more fortunate than Catulus, nihil me infortunatius, nihil fortunatius est Catulo : to demand no reward (at all), nihil præmii expetere : to have no doubt (at all), nihil dubitationis habere. We frequently use ” no ” when a particular, not a general, idea is to be negatived. In this case, which occurs especially when ” no ” belongs to a word signifying property, or to the determination of the predicate of a substantive, instead of nullus the Latin uses the simple negative non ; e. g., I know that I bring no very pleasant intelligence, scio non jucundissimum nuntium me vobis allaturum : no snow falls on the open sea, nives in alto non cadunt : they had no honey, mel non habebant. In like manner “no” is expressed in Latin by non when the English object with its verb is denoted in Latin by one verbal expression ; e. g., to have no fear, non timere : to have no hesitation, non dubitare : to entertain no hatred toward anyone, non odisse aliquem , etc. And no, also no, et nullus, nec ullus (adjectively) ; nec quisquam (substantively) : no single one, nemo quisquam : nemo unus : no single person, homo nemo ; nemo unus : in no place, nusquam nullo loco (Cf., nullibi is not Ciceronian, but is used only by Vitruvius ; nuspiam is not Latin) : at no time, numquam ; nullo tempore : and at no time, nec umquam : κυρικιμασαηικοin no respect, nihil (vid. Zumpt, § 677) : by no means, nullo modo, nulla ratione (in no manner) ; neutiquam, nequaquam, haudquaquam, haud (with adjectives) ; minime (not at all) ; minime, minime gentium, minime vero, minime quidem (not at all, on no account ; in contradictions and answers) : nihil minus (nothing less ; as a negative reply). [Cf., Nullatenus is very late. ]
NOBILITY, || Noble birth, rank, etc., generosa stirps (nobility of birth) ; nobilitas, genus nobile (descent from ancestors who bore offices of state, whether patrician or plebeian by birth) : nobilitas equestris, natalium splendor equester (of the order of knights ; vid. Gierig., Plin., Ep., 10, 3, 5) : old nobility, generis antiquitas, vetus nobilitas, avita nobilitas : new nobility, nobilitas nova, novitas : one of the new nobility, homo novus or a se ortus : a man of high nobility, antiquo genere natus, veteris prosapiæ et multarum imaginum (Sallustius, Jug., 85, 10) ; sanguine avito nobilis (Propertius, 2, 22, 23) : to be of the nobility, nobili loco natum esse : to be of old nobility, generis antiquitate florere, multarum imaginum esse : to be of new nobility, a se ortum esse, una imagine esse nobilem : to be of high nobility, summo loco natum esse. || Nobleness of mind, animi splendor (innate) : generositas ; ingenuitas (by education). Virtue is true nobility, ex virtute fit nobilitas (cf. Livius, 34). || The nobles, nobilitas ; (homines) nobiles. The higher nobility, nobiles majorum gentium : the lower nobility, nobiles, or patricii, minorum gentium.
NOBLE, || Of high birth or descent, nobilis (genere) ; generosus.
Noble birth, nobilitas : a noble family, generosa stirps : to be sprung from a noble family, generosa ab stirpe profectum esse ; nobili genere natum esse. || Generous, ingenuous, generosus (of persons and their properties) : ingenuus, liberalis (worthy of a gentleman, of sentiments, etc. ; also = noble-minded) : honestus (honorable, respectable) : bonus (good, excellent ; both of persons or things). A noble mind, animus ingenuus : noble sentiment, mens liberalis ; ingenium liberale ; animus ingenuus ; liberalitas, ingenuitas : a noble spirit, animus bene a natura informatus, or bene constitutus (εὐφυής) : a noble deed or exploit, * facinus liberale (after Terentius, Ad., 3, 4, 3, facinus illiberale) ; facinus pulcherrimum, or præclarum, or magnum et memorabile ; res egregia. (Cf., Facinus nobile would be = a well-known deed. ) NOBLE,
NOBLEMAN, s., homo nobilis or generosus ; homo nobili genere natus (general term, of noble descent). A nobleman of ancient dignity, homo antiquo genere natus ; homo veteris prosapiæ et multarum imaginum : homo ex familia vetere et illustri natus : a new nobleman, homo novus, or a se ortus ; homo unâ imagine nobilis : the nobles, homines nobiles ; also simply nobiles. (Cf., In the fifth century, homines convivæ regis. ) NOBLY,
generose (Horatius, Od., 1, 37, 21) ; liberaliter ; ingenue ; honeste.
NOBODY, nemo, nullus. Vid. NO, NONE.
NOCTURNAL, nocturnus (Cicero). The nocturnal heavens, nocturna cœli forma (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 28, 68).
NOD, s., nutus, -ûs : nutatio capitis (the act of nodding the head ; e. g., of beasts). A nod of yours can, etc., nutus tuus potest (e. g., hominem in civitate retinere, Cicero) : “a look or nod” (Locke) of Scipio’s would have terminated the dispute, Scipio finire nutu disceptationem potuisset (Livius).
NOD, v., nutare : nutare capite. to nod to anybody, nutu capitis significare aliquid alicui (to direct him to do something by a nod) : * nutu aliquem ad se vocare (to call him to one by a nod) : to make a sign by nodding the head, signa dare nutu. to nod assent, annuere alicui.
NODDY, bardus ; stolidus ; ineptus.
NODE, nodus (Cicero, Arat. ) : Ascending, descending node, nodus ascendens, descendens (technical term).
NOISE, strepitus (a loud noise produced by things without life ; also of an alarm given) : fremitus (hollow sounds, caused especially by living creatures) : crepitus (a flapping, clapping noise ; e. g., of the wings of a bird flying ;, of a door when opened, etc. ) : sonitus (a clear, loud sound) : stridor (a shrill tremulous sound, as of a saw) : fragor (a crash) : murmur (the murmuring, gurgling sound of water) : without noise, sine strepitu ; sine sonitu [cf. NOISELESS] : to make a noise, strepere strepitum edere ; fremere ; concrepare.
NOISE ABROAD, v., evulgare (Livius) ; divulgare sermonibus, in vulgus efferre aliquid (Cicero) : differre aliquem , famam (Plautus) ; differre aliquid rumoribus (Terentianus) : to noise abroad rumors, rumores spargere, disseminare (Cicero) ; dispergere (Tacitus) ; dissipare (Cicero) ; differre (Terentianus).
NOISELESS, quietus (quiet ; Cf., not tranquillus) : tacitus (silent, in silence) : a noiseless life, vita quieta et otiosa.
NOISELESSLY, tranquille, quiete, sine strepitu.
NOISOME, Vid. OFFENSIVE.
NOISY, tumultuosus ; strepens ; fremens : a noisy assembly, concio tumultuosa.
NOMADE, nomas, -adis (Plinius) ; pastor per pascua vagans : nomades, homines qui pastu pecudum maxime utuntur ; homines pascua peragrantes (after Cicero, Div., 1, 42, 94) : homines qui vagi pecorum pabula sequuntur, atque ut illa durant, ita diu statam sedem agunt (Mela, 2, 1).
NOMADIC, by the genitive, nomadum : a nomadic life, * vita nomadum ; * vita eorum qui cum gregibus per pascua vagantur ; * vita hominum pascua cum gregibus peragrantium : to lead a nomadic life, vagari et pascua peragrare cum gregibus (after Cicero) : sequi vagum pecora (Mela, 1, 8, 4) ; vagum pecorum pabula sequi, atque, ut illa durant, statam sedem agere (Mela, 2, 1, 11) : a nomadic tribe or race, gens pastu pecudum utens et pascua peragrans.
NOMENCLATOR, nomenclator (Cicero).
NOMENCLATURE, nomenclatura (Plinius).
NOMINAL, qui (quæ, quod) dicitur, fertur, editur (Cf., in classical Latin not dictus, editus) : the nominal author of this book, qui auctor hujus libri fertur or dicitur.
NOMINALLY, ut dicitur, fertur, indicatur ; ut aiunt or perhibent ; verbo or vocabulo (opposed to re, revera ; i. e., really, truly ; vid. Ochsn., Cic., Ecl., p. 63).
NOMINATE, dicere, nominare (to give a title ; the former the proper word of the nomination of consuls, dictators ; nominare, of the augurs) : declarare (to declare publicly, proclaim) : nuncupare (to designate a person to anything, by mentioning his name ; e. g., aliquem heredem ; also, with voce, post-Augustan) : salutare, consalutare (to greet or salute publicly) : designare (to appoint previously in the Comitia ; e. g., to be consul) : facere (to cause to be anything) : prodere (to name an interrex or flamen) ; all with a double accusative.
NOMINATION, nominatio ; designatio (previous appointment to an office, Tacitus, Ann., 2, 36, exir. ) : the nomination of an heir by delivering his name before witnesses (heredis) nuncupatio (Suetonius, Cal., 38).
NOMINATIVE CASE, casus nominativus (Varro, L. L., ; Quintilianus) : casus nominandi : rectus casus. In the nominative singular, recto casu numero singulari : nominativus (grammatical).
NONAGE, ætas minor ; ætas pupillaris (Suetonius).
NON-APPEARANCE, (In law), desertum vadimonium (when bail is forfeited) : contumacia (wilful contempt of any lawful summons or judicial order), or, by circumlocution, with (se) sistere : to make an affidavit of anybody’s non-appearance, testificari aliquem se non stitisse (Cicero) : if the non-appearance of the defendant is caused by a trick on the part of the accuser, si reus dolo actoris non stiterit (Ulpianus).
NONCONFORMIST, * dissidens.
NONE, nullus ; nemo. Vid. NO. “None but” (of persons) is usually rendered by a superlative and quisque ; e. g., optimus quisque legendus est, none but the best writers : trecenti quinquaginta octo delecti, nobilissimus quisque, none but those of the best families.
NONES, nonæ (plural).
NONENTITY, nihil ; nihilum.
NON-EXISTENCE, non esse (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 6, 2).
NON-PAYMENT, by circumlocution with the verb ; e. g., in case of non-payment, si non solverit.
NON-PERFORMANCE, by circumlocution with the verbs, non exsequi, persequi, or exigere aliquid.
NONPLUS, v., ad incitas redigere.
NONPLUS, s., in the phrase ” to beat a nonplus, ” ad incitas redigi.
NON-RESIDENCE, absentia.
NON-RESIDENT, absens.
NON-RESISTANCE, tolerantia.
NONSENSE, ineptiæ, nugæ (plural).
NONSENSICAL, absurdus, ineptus, insulsus (of persons or things).
NONSUIT, * contumaciæ nomine aliquem condemnare : * pronunciare, aliquem causa or formula cecidisse, or excidisse. NONSUITED, To BE, causa or lite cadere ; causam or litem perdere ; formula cadere or excidere.
NOODLE, bardus ; stolidus ; ineptus. Vid. also, FOOL.
NOOK, angulus (corner) : secessus (place of retreat).
NOON, meridies. Vid. MID-DAY.
NOOSE, laqueus ; * nodus laxior.
NOR, nee, neque : neither. . . nor, nec. . . nec ; neque. . . neque.
NORTH, s., septemtriones (plural) ; regio aquilonaris.
NORTH,
NORTHERLY,
NORTHERN, adjective, septemtrionalis (regio, populus, etc. ) : aquilonaris regio (Cicero, properly relating to the north-east) : in septemtriones spectans, ad septemtriones vergens (lyingto to the north, northerly). Cf., Borealis, unclassical and poetical : north pole, polus septemtrionalis, aquilonaris : the north star, stella polaris : the north sea, mare Germanicum (Columella) : the north wind, boreas (Plinius) ; aquilo (Cicero) ; ventus a septemtrionibus oriens (Nepos, Milt 1, 5) : the north lights, * lumen nocturnum a septemtrionibus oriens.
NORTHEAST, inter septemtriones et orientem solem spectans (after Cæsar, B. G., 1, 1). (of the wind), ex septemtrionibus et oriente oriens : the northeast wind, ventus aquilo (Cicero), or simply aquilo (Nepos) ; Africus (Vitruvius).
NORTHWEST, adverb, inter occasum solis et septemtriones spectans or situs (after Cæsar, ; e. g., regio) northwest wind, caurus (Cæsar) ; circias (Vitruvius) ; aparctias (Plinius) ; septemtrio (Cicero ; etesiæ : the northwest winds in the Greek sens ; vid. Herzog, ad Cæs., B. C., 3, 107).
NORTHWARDS, ad septemtriones versus : to go northward, inflectere cursum ad septemtriones.
NOSE, nasus (properly ; also, of things which have the appearance of a nose) : nares, plural, (properly, the nostrils ; hence always to be used where the aperture or the lower part of the nose is especially denoted. Also the singular, naris, may be used, if one nostril is understood) : a finely-formed, handsome nose, nasus deductus ad omnem decorem : an aquiline nose, nasus aduncus : a flat, snub nose, nares simæ or resimæ ; nasus simus or collisus : that has a flat, snub nose, simus : a sharp, pointed nose, nasus acutus : a large nose, nasus magnus : that has a large nose, nasutus ; naso (as an epithet of anyone) : a fine nose, nasus sagax, nares sagaces (of quick scent ; said of men or animals) : acutæ nares (figuratively) : to have a fine nose, acutum habere nasum (properly) : festive omnia odorari (figuratively) : to blow or wipe the nose, se emungere (Cf., nares emungere, poetical) : to pick the nose, digito nares inquietare : to snuff with the nose, pulso subito spiritu nares excutere : to spread out the nose, nares diducere : to hold anything to the nose, aliquid naribus or ad nares admovere : to stick anything in the nose, demittere aliquid in narem or nares : the nose is wet, nares hument : the nose bleeds, sanguis ex naribus or per nares fluit or prorumpit ; sanguis per nares erumpit : a bleeding at the nose, discharge of blood from the nose, fluens sanguis per nares ; narium sanguis ; profluvium sanguinis e naribus : to turn up the nose, naribus contemtum or fastidium ostendere (to show contempt or disgust ; after Quintilianus, 11, 3, 80) : to turn up the nose at anyone (in contempt), aliquem suspendere naso (Horatius, Sat., 1, 6, 5) : to twist anybody’s nose, alicui verba dare ; alicui ludum suggerere : to lead anyone by the nose, aliquem eludere et extrahere (to
mock) : aliquem lactare et falsa, spe producere (to deceive with false hopes, Terentius, Andr., 4, 1, 24) : aliquem circumducere (comedy) : to be under one’s nose, ante oculos (before the eyes) or ante pedes (before the feet).
NOSEGAY, fasciculus (florum). To make a nosegay, flores nectere (†) : to smell a nosegay, fasciculum florum ad nares admovere : to give a nosegay to anybody to smell, or put it to anybody’s nose, fasciculum florum ad nares alicui admovere (Cicero, Tusc., 3, 18, 43). Pliny has olfactorium and servia, both apparently in the sense of nosegay.
NOT, non, haud (the former the most common word, applicable in every direct negation ; haud, like our ” not at all, ” ” not exactly, ” occurs only in certain connections, especially before adverbs and adjectives, in order to diminish their signification ; as, not much, hand multum : not far, haud longe. Vid. Zumpt, § 277. Cf., Avoid, what is so common with modern writers, the use of nullus for non in expressions such as nullus dubito, I do not doubt, for non or minime dubito ; is nullus venit, he did not come, for is non venit, etc. : it is a Grecism adopted from the comic writers, and is confined by Cicero almost entirely to the epistolary style) : minus (our “less, ” as a modest negative for non ; vid. Handrianus, Tursell., 3, p. 621, sqq. ) : nihil (like the Greek οὐδέν, is a strong negation ; our “not at all”) : neutiquam, haudquaquam, nequaquam, minime (still stronger, ” not at all, ” ” by no means, ” ” not in the least “) : ne (dffers from the former negatives, which deny anything as a fact, by referring only to a mere hypothesis ; hence it is used in propositions which express a command, order, prayer ; e. g., do not make any opposition if, etc., ne repuguetis, si, etc. : may I not live if, etc., ne vivam, si, etc. ) ; fac, ne, followed by a subjunctive (cause that not, etc. ), or cave (ne) followed by a subjunctive (take care that not, etc. ), or noli followed by an infinitive (do not desire, be unwilling ; all these when a command, prayer, etc., is to be uttered in a modest tone, for the simple ne ; do not concern yourself about anything else than, fac ne quid aliud cures, nisi ut etc. : do not suffer yourself to desire, cave ne cupias : do not desire what cannot happen, nolite id velle, quod fieri non potest. But || Cf., parce or fuge, followed by an infinitive, are pure Grecisms, not found in classical Latin prose). In questions “not” is expressed, (a) by annon, when a person asks whether something has not taken place, although he is convinced that such is the case ; e. g., did I not say that it would be so? annon dixi, hoc futurum? (b) by nonne, when one asks in a convincing manner, with conviction of the correctness of his position ; e. g., what! is not the dog like the wolf? quid? canis nonne lupo similis? or, when one would give the person to tinderstand that he observes something, but does not regard it ; e. g., tu, qui deos putas humana negligere, nonne animadvertis, etc. ? (c) by ne ; e. g., with verbs of observation ; when one is not certain that the other observes a thing, or if one believes thai he does not observe it sufficiently ; e. g., videsne, ut apud Homerum sæpissime Nestor de virtutibus suis prædicet? (d) by non, when one believes that the other does not notice a thing at all ; e. g., non vides quanto periculo, etc. ? (the person asked really does not see the danger at all). But non is also, frequently used in a lively style for nonne ; e. g., is it not a piece of madness? non est amentia? (cf. Heusing., Cicero, Off., 3, 19, 10 ; Cort., Sall., Jug., 31, 17. Also observe that annon and anne look for an answer in the affirmative, ne and non expect one in the negative. Respecting “not” in interrogations, vid. Ramsh., § 174, 1, 2, and Not. 1 and 2) : not at all, nullo pacto, nullo modo (in no manner) : nihil (in no respect) : not so very (before an adverb, or adjective), haud or non ita (not particularly ; for which Cf., some moderns use parum wrongly) ; e. g., not so very far, haud (non) ita longe ; not rightly, non satis (not sufficiently) : parum (too little ; opposed to nimis) : not even, ne. . . quidem (between which the word on which the emphasis lies must be placed ; e. g., I do not consider this as even useful, ne utile quidem hoc esse arbitror) : not once, non semel (several times) : ne semel quidem (not a single time) : , not so = not in this manner, non ita ; non sic = less, minus ; to wander not so far, minus late vagari : but not, not, however, non vero, neque vero, non autem (the second especially in transitions. If a simple opposition is formed by ” not, ” non is used alone ; as, I mean the father, not the son, dico patrem, non filium ; vid. Grotef., § 263 : Zumpt, § 781) : but. . . not, nec or neque (vid. Cicero, Or., 33, 117) : and not, nec or neque (this especially in transition = and also not ; fortune does not give virtue, and therefore does not take it away, virtutem fortuna non dat, ideo nec detrahit) : also. . . not, nec. . . quidem ; e. g., sed nec Jugurtha quidem quietus interea (cf., Benecke, Justin., 7, 5, 8, p. 19, sq. Cf., Etiam non is not Latin) : that not [vid. THAT] : only not, not only [vid. ONLY] : or not [vid. OR] : and not, et non ; neque (the former is used if the negative refer to one word, or if the emphasis lie on the negative ; neque serves for connecting two propositions = and also not ; e. g., via certa et non longa = a sure and not a long way ; but via certa neque longa = a sure and not long way. And not, ac non. Cf., Avoid atque non, which is only used by Pliny the elder ; vid. Handrianus, Tursell., 1, p. 473, 19) : and not rather, ac non potius ; ac non (vid. Handrianus, loc. cit. ) : and not less, atque etiam, itemque (in like manner also, Cf., not atque adeo = and rather, and even ; also, avoid nec non, which in this sense is not found in the best prose : why not [vid. WHY]? because not, quod non : if not [vid. IF] : not. . ., but, non. . ., sed : not. . ., but rather, non. . ., sed potius : not. . ., but however, non. . ., at ; non. . ., sed tamen : not. . ., but at least, non. . ., sed certe : not. . ., but not even, non. . ., sed ne quidem : not. . ., nor even, non. . ., nec quidem : not. . ., unless ; not. . ., except, non. . ., nisi : not that (in order that). . ., but that (in order that, or in order that not), non ut. . ., sed ut (or sed ne) ; non ut. . ., verum ut : not in order that. . ., but in order that, non ut. . ., sed quo (for sed ut eo) : not that not. . ., but in order that, non quin. . ., sed ut : not that not. . ., but however, non quin. . ., sed or sed tamen : not that. . ., but yet, or however, non quo. . ., sed tamen : not that. . ., but on the other hand, non quo. . ., sed contra : not because. . ., but in order that, in order that not, non quia. . ., sed ut or sed ne : not because. . ., but because, non quia. . ., sed quia ; non quod. . ., sed quod ; non quod. . ., sed quo : not on account of. . ., but because or but in order that, or but in order that not, non alicujus rei causa, sed quod ; non alicujus rei causa, sed ut or sed ne : not as if not. . ., but because, non quin. . ., sed quia or sed quod : not in order that, or not because. . ., but in order that, non quo or non quod. . ., sed ut (or in order that not, sed ne) : not on this account, because. . ., but because, non ideo quod. . ., verum quod : not on this account, because. . ., but in order that, non ideo quod. . ., sed ut : not on this account, in order that. . ., but in order that not, non ideo ut. . ., sed ne : not as if. . ., but in order that, non quasi. . ., sed ut. Cf., Observe (a) ” I say that not”, etc., “I maintain that it is not”, etc., is expressed in Latin by nego, followed, by an accusative and infinitive ; e. g., meus amicus negabat, se hoc facturum esse : (b) in connection with an adjective, “not” is frequently expressed in Latin by one word ; e. g., not wise, amens, demens ; not pleasant, injucundus, ingratus (Cf., in the use of such adjectives compounded with in there is need of great caution, since they are not very common in the Golden Age of the language ; e. g., not weary, non defatigatus ; but indefessus is not classical). NOT BUT THAT, Vid. BUT THAT. NOT ONLY – BUT ALSO, Vid. BUT. NOT THAT – BUT,
NOT THAT NOT – BUT. Vid. BUT.
NOTABLE, notabilis ; insignis.
NOTABLY, notabiliter ; insigniter.
NOTARY, * publicæ fidei scriba ; * scriba publicus ; or, if necessary, notarius (as technical term), when the context determines the sense ; but Cf., notarius with the ancients was a short hand writer.
NOTE, v., notare (to put down in writing ; also, to observe as remarkable ; but in the latter sense not till after Augustus : there is no authority for its use in the sense of ” to make an explanatory observation “) : annotare (to mark down in writing ; then, especially, to make a corrective or explanatory remark, although it occurs thus for the first time after Augustus ; vid. Plinius, Ep., 9, 26, 5, visus es mihi in scriptis meis annotare quædam ut tumida, quæ ego sublimia arbitrabar ; Quintilianus, 1, 14, 7, de quibus in orthographia pauca annotabo : (Cf., Admonere and animadvertere in this sense would be quite wrong).
NOTE, || Mark, nota ; signum ; insigne ; indicium [SYN. in MARK, vid. ] :
Note of admiration, signum exclamationis (grammatical). || Annotation, annotatio (technical term of post-Augustan,
grammarians) : * scholion (an explanatory note : σχόλιον, Græc. in Cicero, Att., 16, 7, 3) : explicatio ; interpretatio. [Cf., Nota, properly, the censor’s mark, i. e., censure, is defended by Hand and Weber as having been long used as technical term. ] To write a few notes, pauca annotare (de aliqua re) ; on a book, commentari librum (Suetonius, Gram., 2) ; commentaria in librum componere (Gellius, 2, 6, init. ).
Note-Latin, * vocabula Latina quibus grammatici in annotationibus scribendis utuntur. || In music, * soni or vocis signum ; * nota musica (Kraft) : notes, modi musici (musical pieces) : to sing from notes, * ex libello canere (not from the memory) : * ab oculo canere (at sight, after Petronius, 75, 4). || Billet, epistolium (but only Catullus, 66 or 68, 2) : epistola pusilla : literulæ || NOTE OF HAND, chirographum (to be distinguished from syngrapha = a deed drawn up as a formal contract, and signed by both parties) : to lend money on a note of hand, * chirographo exhibito pecuniam alicui credere : to borrow money on a note of hand, * per chirographum pecuniam mutuam sumere : to give a note of hand, chirographum exhibere (vid. Gellius, 14, 2, chirographi exhibitio) : to give a note of hand for anything, chirographo cavere de re (Suetonius, Cal., 12).
NOTE-BOOK, adversaria : libellus : commentariolum, commentarii (vid. Schütz, Lex. Cic., sub voc. Obs. adversaria is also a day-book, in which accounts were set down at the moment, to be afterward transferred to the ledger).
NOTED, Vid. CELEBRATED.
NOTHING, nihil (Cf., the usual form in the best prose writers : Cicero seems to have altogether avoided the abbreviation nil, which occurs in his works only in passages cited from poets ; vid. Müller ad Cicero, Or. pro Sest., 28, p. 73 ; Goerenz ad Cicero, Fin., 2, p. 153) ; nihilum : Cf., nihil substantive or adjective ; nihilum only substantive ; but if the substantive is to be declined, then always nulla res (with the exception of nihili and nihilo) ; nulla res, either abstractly or concretely, of things, or of events, nihil always in a subjective sense, and always abstractly (vid. Herzog, ad Cæs., B. C., 2, 6) ; e. g., nihil agere, nihil loqui ; quod mihi nulla res eripiet ; nulla res Cæsari ad pristinam fortunam defuit ; prorsus nihil. Since nihil is properly a substantive, it takes an adjective or a genitive after it ; e. g., nothing of the sort, nihil tale : he has done nothing new, nihil novi fecit : nothing can come of nothing, de nihilo nihil fit ; de nihilo nihil creari potest : for nothing, sine causa (e. g., laborare) : from nothing, ex or de nihilo : a thing comes to nothing, res non succedit, non habet optatum or speratum eventum (does not take place) : res non exitum habet, non ad effectum adducitur (does not succeed) : to come to nothing = perish, ad nihilum venire, redigi, or recidere ; in nihilum interire or occidere : to think nothing of, pro nihilo putare or ducere (not to value it) : negligere, omittere (to disregard it) : nothing less, nihil minus ; nihil vero minus : there is nothing in a thing, in aliqua re nihil est : there is nothing in it = it is not so, hæc res non ita se habet : to be good for nothing, nihil esse : nihil posse ; non multum valere (to be of no power or influence) : nihili esse, inutilem esse (to be useless or unprofitable) : nothing but, merus (Cf., in good prose only of things) : e. g., to speak of nothing but war, merum bellum loqui : to narrate nothing but prodigies, mera monstra narrare : nothing but trifles, meræ nugæ ; or by summus, magnus, singularis ; e. g., he showed nothing but friendliness in receiving me, summa comitate me excipiebat.
Nothing but, nihil nisi (but not nihil quam ; Vid. Zumpt § 735) ; nihil aliud nisi (nothing else than = nihil præter, and is exclusive ; whereas nihil aliud quam is comparative = is this, and nothing different from or more than this ; vid. Krüger, 585, 2).
OBS. After nihil aliud nisi a participle or adjective agrees with the following substantive (ut nihil aliud nisi pax videatur quæsita, Cicero). Cf., They do nothing but, etc. In expressions of this kind the Latin is elliptical, and omits the facere or agere (e. g., nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit, Nepos).
NOTICE, || Observation, remark, animadversio ; observatio ; notatio ; often by the verbs : worthy of notice, notabilis, notandus, notatu dignus ; memorabilis (remarkable, memorable) : memoratu dignus (worthy of mention). || Information given beforehand, indicium : to give notice of a thing, indicare alicui aliquid ; deferre aliquid ad aliquem or alicui ; certiorem facere aliquem de aliqua re : a threatening notice, denuntiatio : to send a threatening notice, denuntiare alicui aliquid : a public written notice, positus propalam libellus, edictum (a placard) : tabulæ auctionariæ (notice of a sale) : titulus (e. g., on a house to be let or sold) : to give a notice, libellum or edictum proponere : to give notice of an auction, auctionem proponere or proscribere.
NOTIFICATION, significatio ; indicium (act of giving notice, general term) : promulgatio, proscriptio (of a sale).
NOTIFY, indicium de aliqua re alicui dare, ostendere (Cicero), or facere (Terentianus) ; ad aliquem afferre (Cicero) ; indicium alicujus rei ad aliquem deferre, or alicujus rei significationem alicui dare, facere, or simply indicare, significare aliquid (Tacitus).
NOTION, notio (which one connects with anything ; hence, also, the “meaning” attached to a word) : informatio (the image one forms of anything in the mind) : intelligentia (the knowledge of anything) : species (Cicero’s translation of ἰδέα, “an idea”). An innate notion, notio in animis informata ; notio animis impressa ; insita et quasi consignata in animis notio ; quasi naturalis et insita in anmis nostris notio ; animo insita informatio quædam ; sine doctrina, anticipatio ; antecepta animo rei quædam informatio, sine qua nec intelligi quidquam, nec quæri, nec disputari potest ; innata cognitio ; prænotio ; insita (or insita præceptaque) cognitio ; quod natura insculpsit in mentibus (all Cicero for the Greek ἔννοια, πρόκηψις, which he says notat notionem quamlibet, quæ antequam judicii vis adolevit, ita se animo impressit, ut ei se constanter eandem præsentet). An obscure notion, notio tecta atque involuta (Cicero) : obscure notions, intelligentiæ obscuræ, adumbratæ, inchoatæ ; cognitio indagationis indigens. General notions, notitiæ rerum : confused notions, complicatæ notiones : to form a notion of anything, aliquid mente formare or fingere ; aliquid animo effingere ; alicujus rei notionem mente fingere : informare in animo alicujus rei notionem ; notionem alicujus rei animo concipere : to attach a notion to anything, notionem cum re conjungere or alicui rei subjicere : to have a clear, or definite, notion of anything, satis firme conceptum animo comprehensumque tenere ; probe or plane intelligere or perspectum habere aliquid : to form a notion of anything beforehand, notione animi præsentire aliquid : to have no notion of anything, notionem alicujus rei nullam habere ; aliquid ignorare : to have a fahe notion of anything, prava de aliqua re sentire : to have truer notions of the nature of the gods, veriores de natura deorum notiones in animo informatas habere (Cicero) : to have some notion of religion, haud intacti religione animi esse : much depends on what notion you entertain of the tribunate, plurimum refert, quid tu esse tribunatum putes : all men do not entertain the same notions of what is honorable and dishonorable, non eadem omnibus honesta sunt ac turpia : not to be able to form any notion of anything, fugit aliquid intelligentiæ nostræ vim et notionem : to confound the notions of right and wrong, species veri scelerisque permiscere (Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 208) : to explain a notion, notionem alicujus rei explicare, evolvere ; vim et notionem alicujus rei explicare (Cicero) : to explain a confused or obscure notion, animi notionem complicatam evolvere (Cicero, Off., 3, 19, 76) ; obscuram intelligentiam enodare. || Meaning of a word, notio : vis : sententia. To include two things in the notion of this word, huic verbo duas notiones subjicere : to attach a notion to a word, vocabulo, verbo, etc. notionem or sententiam subjicere : the only notion of the word is, neque ulla alia huic verbo subjecta notio est, nisi, etc. What notion is involved in these words? quæ vis inest in his verbis? quæ notio his verbis subjecta est? NOTIONAL, mente, animo, cogitatione formatus, informatus, or fictus. Vid. also, IDEAL.
NOTORIETY, (nominis) fama ; gloria ; claritudo : to gain notoriety, i. e., to become celebrated, vid. CELEBRATED.
NOTORIOUS, || Well known, (omnibus) notus ; pervulgatus : a notorious fact, illustre notumque omnibus factum. || Infamous, vid.
NOTORIOUSLY, ut omnes norunt.
NOTWITHSTANDING, || (With substantives), adversus (e. g., adversus inducias, notwithstanding the truce ; adversus id senatusconsultum ; stultus est adversus ætatem et capitis canitiem, notwithstanding his age) ; in with an ablative, i. e., during, in the midst of (e. g., in summa copia oratorum but usually with tamen, sed, etc. ; e. g., noscitabantur tamen in tanta deformitate ; sed in hac ætate utrique animi juveniles erant) ; also, by ablative, absolutely with the verbs contemnere, negligere ; e. g., contemtis or neglectis precibus meis Romam rediit (notwithstanding my entreaties). || (With verbs), tametsi ; quanquam ; etsi
; licet ; quamvis, or quamquam (although), followed by tamen (yet) : attamen (but yet, but still) : nihilominus, nihilosecius (nevertheless).
NOVEL, adjective, Vid. NEW.
NOVEL, s., fabella, fabula.
NOVELIST, fabulator.
NOVELTY, || Newness, novitas ; insolentia ; or by the adjective, : to lose the charm of novelty, novitatis gratiam exuere. || A new thing, res nova ; novi aliquid : novelties, res novæ.
NOVEMBER, mensis November (Cato) ; November (Mart. ) : Calends of November, Calendæ Novembres.
NOUGHT, nihil ; nihilum. Vid. NOTHING.
NOUN, nomen (grammatical).
NOURISH, nutrire (the proper word to give nourishment, care, and attention ; figuratively, to favor, foment) : alere (to support without denoting the means ; figuratively, to maintain, continue) : sustentare (properly and figuratively, to maintain, support, not suffer to fall). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sustentare et alere ; alere et sustentare, victum præbere alicui (only properly, to give what is requisite for the support of life ; also of land, etc., which maintains anyone) : augere (only figuratively, to increase, enlarge). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) alere et augere (opposed to exstinguere) : to nourish a person with anything, aliquem nutrire, or alere, or sustentare aliqua re (the former only of food ; alere et sustentare also of the means by which one obtains a livelihood) : to be nourished by anything, ali aliqua re (both of food and of the means of livelihood) : vesci aliqua re (of food, e. g., carne, lacte) : victum quæritare aliqua re, se sustentare aliqua re (to gain a livelihood, support one’s self).
NOURISHER, altor (one who supplies the necessaries of life) : nutritor (one who furnishes food, etc., post-Augustinan).
NOURISHING, nutriens ; alens ; in quo est multum alimenti (Celsus) ; ad alendum aptus, factus (almus, poetical ; Cf., alibilis only twice, in Varro) : to be more nourishing, plus alimenti habere ; firmiorem, valentiorem esse (Celsus).
NOURISHMENT, || The act of nourishing, nutricatio (act of suckling, Gellius) : sustentatio (maintenance, Ulpius, Dig., Cf., nutritus occurs only in Plinius, 22, 24, 53) : by circumlocution with the verb. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Contents of nutritious parts, alimentum : full of nourishment [vid. NUTRITIOUS] : that has no nourishment, in quo nihil alimenti est (after Celsus, 2, 18, in. ) : imbecillus, infirmus (opposed to valens, firmus) : there is more nourishment in meat than in any other food, plus alimenti est in came, quam in ullo alio. || Means of support, food, nutrimentum (properly and figuratively ; but in the best writers only figuratively ; e. g., nutrimentum eloquentiæ) : alimentum, cibus (of physical nourishment; alimentum also figuratively) : pabulum, pastus (fodder ; then, figuratively, pabulum animi ingeniique ; pastus animi) : victus (everything which we need or use as food) : want of nourishment, penuria alimentorum : to take nourishment, cibum sumere or assumere : to look for nourishment, pastum anquirere (of animals) : victum quærere (of persons) : to give nourishment to a person or thing, aliquem or aliquid alere (properly and figuratively, of persons and things) : alicui victum præbere (properly, of persons ærd things ; cf. to NOURISH) : the veins convey nourishment to the bones, venæ ossibus alimenta subministrant : the human mind finds its nourishment in learning and thinking, mens hominis alitur discendo et cogitando.
NOVICE, in re rudis et tiro (general term) : in a monastery or nunnery, * novitius monachus, * novitia monacha (feminine, technical term).
NOVITIATE, tirocinium (general term) ; * tirocinii tempus ; tirocinium monasticum (technical term of monastic life).
NOW, adverb, nunc (at the present time; opposed to tunc) : jam (opposed to tum ; especially as a particle of transition) : in præsentia (Cicero, Cæsar, Nepos, Livius, ; for the present) : in hoc tempore, in præsenti (Cicero, Fam., 2, 10 ; under present circumstances, at this critical time, etc. ) : in præsens (Cf., post-Augustan ; also, ad præsens, now and the time immediately following : Cf., impræsentiarum, depræsentiarum are unclassical). Even now = (α) precisely at this moment, nunc quum maxime or quum maxime only ; (β) just before the present moment, modo.
Now directly [vid. IMMEDIATELY] :
Now – now (= at one time – at another), modo – modo (or nunc or interdum, or tum) ; nunc – nunc (or modo. Cf., OBS., nunc – nunc not in prose before Livy) ; alias – alias (or interdum or plerumque or aliquando) : hodie (today) : nunc ipsum : hoc ipso tempore (at this very time, emphatic) : now at length, nunc demum : now and then, interdum (mostly implying that it is not very often) : aliquando (at times ; Cf., nonnunquam = not uncommonly, pretty frequently) : and subinde denotes the succession of one action to another, often the repeated succession = repeatedly : unheard of until now, ante hoc tempus inauditum. || (As a particle of transition), autem : vero (in truth) : nunc, nunc vero (denoting concession) : but now, nunc autem. || (Denoting consequence), igitur (therefore) : quæ cum ita sint (since things are so) : but now, atqui.
NOWHERE, nusquam (in no place, under no circumstance) : nullo loco (in no place) : Cf., nuspiam and nullibi are not Latin : nowhere else, nusquam alibi : nowhere in the world, nowhere at all, nusquam gentium : nowhere else than, nusquam alibi nisi, or quam (but quam only when tam precedes, expressed or understood),
NOWISE, nullo modo ; nequaquam ; neutiquam ; haud quaquam ; nulla ratione ; minime. Vid. also, ” By no means” in NO.
NOXIOUS, nocens ; noxius ; nocituras : extremely noxious, pemiciosus, exitiosus.
NUDITY, must be expressed by the adjective ; e. g., nudatum corpus : Cf., nuditas occurs only in some old editions of Quintilianus, 10, 2, 23, where more recent editions, from the best manuscripts, read jucunditas.
NUGATORY, nugatorius ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) infirmus nugatoriusque ; levis ac nugatorius.
NUISANCE, molestia ; onus ; incommodum : to be a nuisance to anybody, molestiam alicui exhibere, afferre (Terentianus) ; alicui oneri esse (Livius) : to find anything a nuisance, molestiam capere, suscipere, trahere ex aliqua re.
NULL, irritus, nullus. Vid. INVALID.
NULLIFY, aliquid irritum facere ; aliquid ad nihilum redigere ; irritum aliquid esse jubere or velle ; rescindere, dissolvere aliquid. Vid. also, ABROGATE, ANNIHILATE.
NULLITY, nihil (nothing) : vanitas, inanitas (emptiness) ; or by the adjectives, irritus, vanus, nullus.
NUMB, v., torporem afferre alicui rei, torpore hebetare aliquid ; obstupefacere.
NUMB, adjective, rigidus, rigens ; torpidus, obstupefactus. To be numb, rigidum esse, rigere, torpere, torpidum esse ; to become numb, rigescere, obrigescere, torpescere, obtorpescere. The hand is num, manus obtorpuit.
NUMBER, v., numerare ; numerum alicujus rei inire, exsequi, efficere ; computare ; enumerando percensere. SYN. in To COUNT, vid.
NUMBER, s., || A great number, multitude, numerus : a great number, magnus or grandis numerus : multitudo (multitude) : copia (heap, abundance ; of things) : frequentia (many persons present) : in great numbers, multi ; frequentes : a small number, paucitas ; exiguus numerus (of persons or things) : infrequentia (few persons present; opposed to frequentia) : a very small number, magna paucitas : in small numbers, pauci ; infrequentes : a number of people, complures (several) : a full number, numerus plenus : to make up a number, numerum efficere or conficere. || Numeral sign, litera ; * nota numeri. || Proportion of times or syllables, numerus.
NUMBERLESS, innumerabilis (Cicero ; Cf., innumerus in poets, and in prose writers of the Silver Age ; vid., Orelli, Cic., De Or., 2, 22, 94. Cf., There is no authority for innumerosus).
NUMBNESS, torpor.
NUMERAL, * nota, signum numeri (a figure) : nomen numerale (Prisc., a word) : Roman nimerals, etc., numerorum signa a Romanis, ab Arabibus, recepta.
NUMEROUS, Vid. MANY.
NUMSKULL, bardus ; ineptus ; stolidus ; fatuus.
NUN, monacha, nonna (Hieronymus) ; monastria (Justinus, Novell. ) : to become a nun, ritu Christiano sacrari cultui divino (after Ammianus, 18, 10).
NUNCIO, * summi or Romani pontificis legatus.
NUNNERY, * cœnobium monacharum.
NUPTIAL, nuptialis. Vid. MARRIAGE.
NUPTIALS, nuptiæ (general term) : nuptiarum sollemnia, -ium, neuter (the celebration of a marriage, in a religious sense) : to malce preparations for nuptials, nuptias adornare ; parare ea, quæ ad nuptias opus sunt : to solemnize nuptials, nuptias facere or efficere (general term) : sacrum nuptiale conficere (in a religious sense). Cf., MARRIAGE, MARRY.
NURSE, s., || One who tends children, nutrix ; nutricula (diminutively) : to be nurse to anyone, nutricem esse alicui, aliquem nutricari : to have a nurse for a child, puero nutricem adhibere : the office or duty of a nurse, nutricationis munus (Gellius, 12, 1) : a nurse’s wages, nutricia, -orum, neuter (Ulpianus, Dig., 50, 13, 1, extr. ) ; nutricis merces (after Cicero, ad Div., 16, 14, 1, medici merces). ||One who tends
the sick, cujus curæ custodiæque (ægrotus) aliquis mandatus est (Plinius, Ep., 1, 19, init. ) : assĭdens (Plinius, Ep., 1, 22, 11) : to be a nurse to anyone, alicui or alicujus valetudini assidere (see Sick-bed).
NURSE, v., Properly, nutrire (general term) : mammis nutrire : nutricare (Plautus) : to nurse her own child, aliquem lacte suo nutrire (Gellius, 12, 1 ; i. e., not to employ a wet-nurse) : aliquem uberibus alere (with milk, not with farinaceous or any other food ; of women and animals). Every mother nurses her own child, sua quemque mater uberibus alit (Tacitus, Germ., 20) : alere (to support existence by any means). Figuratively, nutrire (e. g., amorem, Ovidius) : sustentare et alere : alere et sustentare (cherish and support) : fovere (cherish ; e. g., spem ; parvulos) : augere (increase). || To tend a sick person, nutrire (ægrum, Celsus) : ægrotum curare : ægroto assidere.
NURSERY, || Room where young children are brought up, parvulorum diæta (Jurisconsulti) ; * parvulorum cubiculum : a nursery tale, nutricularum fabula (Quintilianus, 1, 9, 2). || Plantation of young trees, seminarium, plantarium ; seminarium pomarium or pomorum (of fruit-trees) : vitiarium (of vines) : * seminarium oleagineum (of olive-trees) : to make or lay out a nursery, facere, instituere seminarium, etc.
NURSING, nutricatio (act of suckling an infant, Gellius) : sustentatio (act of supporting and bringing up, Ulpianus, Dig., 24, 3, 22, § 8).
Nutritus only Plinius, 22, 24, 53, but in sense of nourishment.
NURSLING, alumnus ; feminine, alumna.
NURTURE, s., Vid. NOURISHMENT.
NURTURE, v., Vid. NOURISH.
NUT, nux : walnut, (nux) juglans : hazel-nut, (nux) Avellana : nut-tree, nux : a hard nut, figuratively (i. e., a difficult thing), res difficilis, ardua ; quæstio difflcilis ; nodus ; e. g., rem impeditam, difficilem, alicui expediendam, explicandam proponere, dare : not to give a nut for anything, ne vitiosâ quidem nuce emere aliquid (Plautus) ; ne flocci quidem facere aliquid ; pro nihilo putare aliquid (Cicero).
NUT-BROWN (color), nigricans (Plinius).
NUT-CRACKERS, nucifrangibulum (Plautus, Bacch. 4, 2, 16 ; but only as a facetious term for a tooth).
NUT-SHELL, putamen nucis : putamen Avellanæ (of a hazel-nut) : putamen juglandis (of a walnut).
NUTRIMENT, Vid. NOURISHMENT.
NUTRITIOUS,
NUTRITIVE, Properly, of food, in quo multum alimenti est, magni cibi (that contains much nourishment ; opposed to parvi cibi) : valens, firmus, valentis or firmæ materiæ (strong ; opposed to imbecillus, infirmus, imbecillæ or infirmæ materiæ : Cf., alibilis occurs only Varro, R. R., 2, 11, 2 and 3 ; nutribilis, in very late writers ; almus, only in poetry) : very nutritious, maximi cibi (opposed to minimi cibi) : to be more nutritious than, etc., plus alere quam, etc., plus alimenti habere, quam, etc. : meat is the most nutritious food, plus alimenti est in carne, quam in ullo alio : every sucking animal (i. e., the flesh of every such animal) is less nutritious, omne animal, si lactens est, minus alimenti præstat.
NUZZLE, || To ensnare, laqueo irretire. || To put a ring on the nose, * annulum inserere naribus, or (of an animal ; e. g., suis) rostro.
NYMPH, nympha. O, interjection, Vid. OH! OAK, quercus (the common or forest oak) : cerrus (the Turkey or Burgundy oak) : ilex (the holm-oak) : quercus esculus (or simply esculus ; the mast-tree) : oak-timber, lignum quernum ; ligna roborea, materies roborea (of the holly) : oak-apple, galla (Plinius, not used in the plural).
OAKEN, querneus or quernus, querceus (of the common or forest oak. Cf., Quercinus, Suetonius, Cal., 19, is doubtful) : robustus, robusteus, roboreus (of the holly) : iligneus, ihgnus (of the holm-oak) : cerreus, cerrinus (of the Turkey or Burgundy oak) : esculeus, esculinus (of the mast-tree).
OAKUM, stuppa or stupa, -æ, feminine (Cæsar, Livius).
OAR, remus (Cf., tonsa is poetical) : to condemn to the oars (i. e., galleys), affligere aliquem remo triremis publicæ (Valerius Max., 9, 15, 3) : to break off the oars, detergere remos ; or, less frequently, abstergere remos (Curtius, 9, 9) : blade (of an oar), palma, palmula.
OAT,
OATS, plural, avena : oat-field, ager avenâ consitus : oat-cake, panis avenaceus : oat-meal, farina avenacea : oat-straw, stramentum avenaceum : wild oats, avena fatua (Livius) : to have sown one’s wild oats, voluptates temperantia, sua frenasse ac domuisse (Livius, 30, 14).
OATEN, avenaceus.
OATH, jusjurandum, genitive jurisjurandi, neuter (general term ; also especially of the oath of allegiance, and of the military oath. Cf., Juramentum is late) : sacramentum (an oath voluntarily taken, a vow, usually the oath of allegiance, the military oath) : religio (properly, sense of duty ; hence metonymy, an oath grounded on a sense of duty ; vid. Nepos, Dion., 8, 5 ; Ages., 2, 5) : jurisjurandi verba, jusjurandum (form of the oath) : a false oath, perjurium : to impose an oath upon anybody, jusjurandum ab aliquo exigere : administer an oath, jusjurandum alicui deferre : to offer to take one’s oath, jusjurandum offerre : to take an oath, jusjurandum dare or jurare ; sacramentum or sacramento dicere : to take a false oath, pejerare or perjurare (opposed to jurare verissimum jusjurandum) ; ex animi sententia jurare : to take a formal oath, verbis conceptis jurare : (falsely), verbis conceptis pejerare (vid. Cicero, Cluent., 48, 134) : that has taken an oath, juratus ; jurejurando astrictus : to take the oath of allegiance, in verba jurare (alicujus ; of private citizens, magistrates, or soldiers) : sacramentum dicere apud aliquem, sacramento or sacramentum dicere alicui (of soldiers) : to administer the oath of allegiance, aliquem in sua verba jusjurandum adigere : to put one upon oath, jurejurando or jusjurandum or ad jusjurandum aliquem adigere ; aliquem sacramento rogare or adigere (of soldiers) : to bind by an oath, jurejurando aliquem astringere, obstringere, obligare : to release anybody from an oath, alicui jurisjurandi gratiam facere ; jusjurandum remittere (technical term of the post-Augustan, lawyers) : to keep or perform an oath, jusjurandum servare, conservare ; religionem conservare (Nepos, Ages., 2, 5) : to break an oath, jusjurandum negligere, rumpere ; sacramentum mutare (by going over to another party ; vid. Suetonius, Galb., 10) : to oblige or bind one’s self by an oath, jurejurando se obstringere : to confirm, establish, or ratify anything by an oath, jurejurando affirmare aliquid (e. g., societatem) : to affirm, protest upon oath, adjurare : to frame or draw up an oath, i. e., the form of an oath, jusjurandum concipere (Tacitus, Hist., 4, 44, 1) : on oath, juratorius (Code Justinian, 12, 19, 12) : to give a promise upon oath, fidem et jusjurandum dare (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3). Adverb, jurejurando ; jurejurando interposito : to bind by oath, jurejurando aliquem obstringere : to bind themselves mutually on oath, jurejurando ac fide inter se sancire (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 30 ; followed by ne).
OBDURACY, obstinatio : animus obstinatus or offirmatus.
OBDURATE, obstinatus ; pervicax ; præfractus.
OBDURATELY, obstinate ; pertinaciter ; præfracte.
OBEDIENCE, obtemperatio ; to anything, alicui rei (as action ; an accommodating or adapting one’s self to anything) : obedientia (as of slaves and children) : obsequium, obsequentia (yielding, compliance, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) : officium (obedience, considered as due ; vid. commentators on Nepos, Milt., 7, 1) : to render obedience [vid. To OBEY] : to retain in obedience, in officio retinere or continere : to bring back to obedience, ad officium reducere ; ad officium redire cogere : to renounce obedience, in officio non manere ; obedientiam relinquere et abjicere.
OBEDIENT, obediens, dicto audiens. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) dicto audiens atque obediens, obtemperans (all with a dative of that which one obeys) : to be obedient [vid. HEARKEN, OBEY] : to make anybody more obedient, aliquem obedientiorem facere (of things) : your most obedient servant (in modern letter-writing), * tibi ad quæque præstanda paratissimus.
OBEDIENTLY, obedienter (Livius), obtemperanter (Prudentius) : or by the adjective.
OBEISANCE, corporis inclinatio : to make obeisance to anybody, salutare aliquem ; (acclinis saluto aliquem, Arnobius).
OBELISK, obeliscus (general term) : meta (at the end of the Roman circus) : cippus (as a sepulchral monument) : obeliscus, obelus (as a mark in books).
OBESITY, obesitas, with or without ventris (Suetonius).
OBEY, parere (the proper word, opposed to imperare ; always with the idea of strict necessity ; vid. Cicero, Legg., 3, 2, 5 : Cæsar, B. C., 3, 81) : obedire, dicto audientem esse (as of children and slaves ; to perform the wish of another ; with this difference, that dicto audientem esse denotes prompt and willing obedience) : obtemperare (to accommodate or adapt one’s self to the will of another, especially a higher person) : obsequi (to follow the advice of another ; opposed to repugnare ; vid. Cicero, Tusc., 2, 20, 60 : Plinius, Ep., 8, 6, 6) : audire aliquem, auscultare alicui (to listen to the representation of anybody) : morem gerere, morigerari (to
yield to the demands or caprice of another). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) parere et obedire ; obedire et parere ; obtemperare et obedire ; obsequi et obedire ; dicto audientem atque obedientem esse : to obey anybody’s precepts, alicujus præceptis parere et obedire : to obey anybody’s commands, alicui parere et imperata facere ; alicujus jussis or alicujus imperio audientem esse : not to obey the commands of anybody, obedientiam relinquere et abjicere, nec alicui parere (vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 29, 102) : to refuse to obey the commands of anybody, alicujus imperium detrectare ; alicujus imperium auspiciumque abnuere (of soldiers) : to obey by compulsion, vi parere cogi : to obey readily and willingly, æquo animo libenterque parere alicui ; obedienter imperata facere.
OBITUARY, adjective, By genitive, mortuorum, defunctorum.
OBITUARY, s., * vitæ defunctorum : Cf., ratio Libitinæ, Suetonius, is a burial register. )
OBJECT, || That which lies before one, res (general term) : res objecta sensibus, or quod sensibus percipitur (in philosophical sense) : quod sub sensum cadit : objectus, -ûs (Nepos) : also, by various turns, (1) by the verb esse ; (a) with a genitive (like εἶναι) to be reckoned or included under ; e. g., deorum tutelæ ea loca sunt ; legati petierunt a Romanis, ut filium regis publicæ curæ ac velut tutelæ vellent esse (cf. Augustinus, Grotef., § 418 ; Ramsh., § 102, 2, b) : esse with a dative, when it signifies to serve for anything, etc. ; e. g., to be an object of care, hatred, contempt ; alicui esse curæ, odio, contemptui (cf. Grotef., § 121, 1 ; Augustinus, Grotef., § 38 ; Zumpt, § 422) : to be an object of hatred to anybody, in odio esse apud aliquem : to become an object of hatred, in odium venire, pervenire : (2) by a demonstrative pronoun, which, when a relative follows, is often omitted ; e. g., the objects of politics, (ea) quæ in republica versantur : the objects which relate to our happiness, (ea), quæ ad felicitatem nostram pertinent : (3) by substantives in which the idea is already included ; e. g., an object of love, amor ; deliciæ : an object of desire, desiderium : an object of jest, ludibrium : (4) by some other by circumlocution, with verbs from the context ; e. g., to be an object of love to anybody, ab aliquo amari, diligi : all these sciences have for their object the investigation of truth, quæ omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur. || An end, aim, finis ; propositum : without having attained their object, re infecta ; infectis iis, quæ agere destinaverant : to make it one’s first object, id unum agere (ut) : to make pleasure one’s first object, ad voluptatem omnia referre or revocare ; voluptate omnia metiri. || (In grammar), res ; res objecta. || Any thing deformed or hideous, monstrum.
OBJECT, v., contra dicere, in contrariam partem afferre (to say, bring forward on the other side) : opponere (to set against) : occurrere, to anything, alicui rei (to meet, by objecting) : it is objected to us, nobis occurritur (vid. Cicero, Off., 2, 2, 7) : to this you are accustomed to object thus, huic loco sic occurrere soletis : to have anything to object to a thing (i. e., not to approve of it), rem improbare : I have nothing to object to it, nihil impedio, non repugnabo (vid. Zumpt, § 543) : some one, however, may object, sed fortasse quispiam dixerit ; dicat aliquis forte : nobody can now object, non jam potest dici.
OBJECT-GLASS, * orbiculus vitri convexus.
OBJECTION, altercatio (objection made by one party, and answered by the other ; Cf. Quintilianus, 10, 1, 35, altercationes et interrogationes) : but mostly by circumlocution ; e. g., quid contra quemque philosophum dicatur, ex eo libro intelligi potest (the objections against, Cicero, Div., 2, 1, 2) : to make an objection to, opponere, contra dicere aliquid ; obloqui ; occurrere (Cicero) : to answer objections, quæ aliquis contra dicat, refellere. If = hesitation, demur, dubitatio : without making any objection, sine mora ; haud cunctanter : to make objection, dubitare ; dubitationem afferre, habere : I have no objection, licet ; per me licet ; per me : nihil impedio, or moror ; non repugnabo : 1 shall not listen to any objection, nihil audio (comedy) : if you have no objection, nisi quid dicis.
OBJECTIONABLE, * contra quod aliquis dicere possit ; quod offendit, displicet.
OBJECTIVE, quod sensibus percipitur ; quod sub sensus cadit (after Cicero) : the objective world, res externæ ; quæ sub sensus cadunt ; quæ aspectu sentiuntur (Cicero).
OBJECTOR, qui contra dicit.
OBJURGATION, etc. Vid. BLAME, REPROOF.
OBLATION, donum ; munus sacrum or pium.
OBLIGATION, || Duty, officium ; quod meum, tuum est ; quod debeo, debes : I consider that I am under an obligation to, meum esse puto, duco. [Vid., also, DUTY. ] || Act by which one binds one’s self, satis datio = BOND [vid. BOND]. || Favor by which one is bound in gratitude, beneficium : to be under an obligation to anybody, alicujus beneficiis obligatum esse ; vinculis beneficii obstrictum esse (Cicero) : under obligation, obligatus (Plinius, Ep. ). To lay anybody under a great obligation, magnam ab aliquo (Cicero) or apud aliquem (Livius) gratiam inire.
OBLIGATORY, quod obligat, obstringit, devincit aliquem.
OBLIGE, || To compel, aliquem vi cogere ; [vid. COMPEL] . || To bind (by a stipulation, duly, favor, etc), alligare, obligare, obstringere, devincire. The law obliges anyone, lex tenet aliquem. To be obliged to the observance of a treaty, fœdere alligatum or illigatum esse. To oblige a man by an oath, aliquem sacramento adigere. To oblige one’s self to do a thing, se obligare alicui rei (or with ut) ; se obstringere in aliquid (by oath, sacramento ; to a crime, in scelus). I am obliged to do this, hoc meum est. || To confer a favor upon, beneficium in aliquem conferre : to oblige one greatly, gratissimum, pergratum, percommode alicui facere : you cannot oblige me more than by, etc., hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes ; nihil est, quod gratius mihi facere possis : you will oblige me greatly by (or if you, etc. ), gratum (gratissimum) mihi feceris, si, etc. ; magnum beneficium mihi dederis, si, etc. : I am very much obliged to you, gratissimum illud mihi fecisti ; magnum in me contulisti beneficium : to be greatly obliged to one, multum debere alicui ; multa beneficia ab illo in me profecta, collata sunt (after Cicero) : readiness to oblige, officium ; officiosa voluntas ; gratificandi liberalis voluntas ; comitas (courteous and kind behavior toward inferiors) : to show all readiness to oblige anybody, omni officiorum genexe aliquem prosequi ; summa alicui studia impertire.
OBLIGING, comis (courteous) : obsequiosus (willingly acceding to others’ wishes ; the latter only in Plautus, Capt., 2, 3, 58) : facilis : officiosus (complaisant, ready to render a service) : obliging in anything, promptus or paratus ad aliquid (ready for anything) : inclinatus or propensus ad aliquid (easily to be induced, inclined to anything) : indulgens (indulgent ; opposed to durus) : to be obliging in anything, alicui or alicujus voluntati morem gerere or obsequi : know, that thou art a great deal too obliging (indulgent), te esse auricula infirma, molliorem scito (Cicero). The liberality and obliging temper of the magistrates, liberalitas atque accommodatio magistrateum.
OBLIGINGLY, officiose ; benigne ; comiter.
OBLIGINGNESS, propensa voluntas (ready disposition) : facilitas (readiness) : comitas (courtesy) : obsequentia (a yielding to the wishes and humor of others, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) : officium (kind or complaisant sentiment or action of him who wishes to show any attention or render a service to anybody) : voluntas officiosa (disposition to render a service, Ovidius, Pont., 3, 2, 17) ; indulgentia.
OBLIQUE, obliquus.
OBLIQUELY, oblique (Cicero ; also improperly = “indirectly, ” of censuring, etc. ) ; in obliquum (Plinius) ; per obliquum (Horatius) ; ex obliquo (Plinius) ; ab obliquo (Ovidius) : to move obliquely, oblique ferri ; in latus digredi (Plinius) ; obliquo motu corporis uti.
OBLIQUENESS,
OBLIQUITY, || Properly, obliquitas ; obliquum (Plinius). || Figuratively, pravitas (Cf., not obliquitas in this sense).
OBLITERATE, obliterare (e. g., offensionem ; famam rei male gestæ : memoriam alicujus rei) : delere (blot out utterly ; properly, also, memoriam alicujus rei) : exstinguere (The words are found in this connection and order. ) exstinguere atque delere (improperly) : inducere : radere : eradere : interlinere [SYN. in ERASE] : funditus tollere. To obliterate the very name of the Roman people, nomen populi Romani exstinguere. To obliterate his infamy, infamiam exstinguere.
OBLITERATION, Circumlocution by the verb.
OBLIVION, s., oblivio : to bury in or cover with oblivion, aliquid in oblivionem adducere ; aliquid oblivione obruere, or conterere ; memoriam rei obliterare or expellere : to be buried in oblivion, in oblivione jacere : to sink into oblivion, in oblivionem adduci , oblivione obrui ; obliterari : to rescue from oblivion, ab oblivione vindicare : this will never fall into oblivion, memoriam alicujus rei nunquam delebit oblivio or aliquid obscuratura nulla unquam est oblivio. An act of oblivion, Vid. AMNESTY.
OBLIVIOUS, obliviosus (Cicero).
OBLONG, oblongus (Livius).
OBLOQUY,
reprehensio ; vituperatio ; culpatio ; objurgatio (obloquium, Sidon. ) : exposed to obloquy, reprehendendus ; vituperandus ; reprehensione or vituperatione dignus.
OBNOXIOUS, || Subject, exposed, subjectus ; obnoxius (Cf., avoid subditus) : videtur mild cadere in sapientem ægritudo (that a wise man is obnoxious to, Cicero, Tusc., 3, 4, 7). || Hurtful, troublesome, noxius ; malus ; detrimentosus (Cæsar) ; nocens.
OBSCENE, obscenus (exciting disgust) : immundus (unclean, impure) : spurcus (filthy, nasty) : an obscene song, canticum obscenum : to use obscene language, verbis obscenis uti ; obscena dicere ; obsceno jocandi genere uti.
OBSCENITY, obscenitas ; or by the adjective. κυρικιμασαηικο OBSCURE, adverb, || Dark, dusky, obscurus, tenebricosus (with this difference, that tenebricosus itself denotes primarily only the obscuration of the atmosphere, or the want of light, whereas obscurus denotes either the effect of this want on the objects, or the want itself ; to the former in luce positus is opposed, to the latter illustris) : caliginosus (dark, without light) : cæcus (in which one cannot see ; as, night, a house) : somewhat obscure, subobscurus : an obscure night, nox obscura (overcast) : nox caliginosa (dark) : nox cæca or obducta (in which one cannot see any space before him) : to make anything obscure, obscurum facere, obscurare (e. g., cubiculum, conclave) : alicui rei lucem eripere (to deprive oflight). [Vid. also, DARK. ] || Not plain, obscurus (unintelligible, uncertain, unknown) : cæcus (of which one sees no reason ; e. g., morbus, carmen) : involutus (veiled) : non apertus ad intelligendum (not distinct) : abstrusus (hidden, secret, e. g., insidiæ ; or, hard to explain and understand ; e. g., disputatio) : perplexus (confused, intricate ; e. g., sermones, carmen) : impeditus (complicated) : incertus (indefinite, vague) : ignobilis (unknown) : somewhat obscure, subobscurus (of a speaker, etc. ) : to make anything obscure, alicui rei obscuritatem et tenebras afferre, tenebras obducere ; lucem eripere et quasi noctem quandam alicui rei offendere (Cicero, N. D., 1, 3, 6) : to make a speech obscure, orationem occæcare : to be obscure, in tenebris latere ; obscuritate involutum latere (to be hidden, not known) : lucem desiderare (to be indistinct, of ideas) : to be very obscure, crassis occultatum et circumfusum tenebris latere (to be wrapped in impenetrable obscurity). || Not illustrious, obscurus : an obscure name, nomen obscurum : of obscure birth or descent, obscuro loco natus ; obscuris ortus majoribus (of an unknown family) : nullo patre natus, terræ filius (not born in lawful wedlock).
OBSCURE, v., obscurare (properly or figuratively) : tenebras offundere or obducere alicui rei, or alicui (to overcast, so that anything is no longer in clear light, either literally or figuratively) ; rei caliginem offundere (Livius), or inducere (Velleius, more strongly) : noctem offundere alicui rei : the light of a lamp is obscured by that of the sun, obscuratur et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernæ : oblivion shall never obscure the remembrance of thee, tuam memoriam nulla oblivio obscurabit : to obscure the reputation, nomini or decori officere.
OBSCURELY, obscure (Cicero) ; and vid. the adjective.
OBSCURITY, || Darkness, obscuritas ; tenebræ (opposed to lux) : caligo [vid. the distinction of the adjective, in OBSCURE]. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) obscuritas et tenebræ ; tenebræ et caligo ; caligo et tenebræ ; nox (night). || Want of clearness, plainness, obscuritas : incertum (uncertainty). || Want of fame or celebrity, tenebræ ; ignobilitas, humilitas (the former in respect of rank, the latter in respect of descent) : to raise from obscurity, aliquem e tenebris et silentio proferre ; aliquem in lucem famamque provehere ; e tenebris in lucem evocare (familiam) : to live in obscurity, per obscurum vitam transmittere (Seneca, Ep., 19, 2) ; in ignoratione hominum versari ; in tenebris jacere ; in umbra degere. || An obscure thing, res obscura, occulta, involuta, occulta et quasi involuta ; res nondum ad liquidum perducta or explorata : to clear up obscurities, res obscuras explanare ; res involutas explicare ; occulta et quasi involuta aperire.
OBSEQUIES, justa (plural) ; justa funebria (Livius) ; or simply, funebria (Plinius) ; exsequiæ (Cicero). Vid. FUNERAL.
OBSEQUIOUS, obsequiosus ; obsequens : to be obsequious to anybody, alicui or alicujus voluntati morem gerere, or obsequi.
OBSEQUIOUSLY, obsequenter : officiose.
OBSEQUIOUSNESS, obsequium, obsequentia (habit of yielding to the wishes and desires of others ; the latter, * Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) : excessive obsequiousness, nimia obsequentia : to manifest obsequiousness toward anybody, alicui or alicujus voluntati morem gerere ; alicui morigerari ; alicui obsequi.
OBSERVANCE, || Act of observing, regard, attention, observantia (outward respect or attention) : observatio (reverence, regard) : obedientia ; obtemperatio (e. g., justitia est obtemperatio legibus, observance of the laws, Cicero). || Rule of practice, custom, usus mos receptus ; consuetudo recepta : it is an observance, usu, more, con suetudine receptum est.
OBSERVANT, observans (e. g., sequi, Claud ; officiorum, Plinius) ; also in the sense of showing respect, observantissimus mei (Cicero) : obediens ; obtemperans (obedient). Vid. ATTENTIVE.
OBSERVATION, observatio ; animadversio (a giving heed, attention) ; e. g., naturæ : a man of quick observation [vid. OBSERVER] : to make an observation, observare ; animadvertere (to observe) : experiri (to try, make experiment) : to be exposed to the observation of all, in clarissima luce versari : what my own observation supplies, quod animadverti : an army of observation, * copiæ ad hostium itinera servanda dispositæ : to make astronomical observations, cœlum sideraque spectare (cœli siderumque spectator, one who makes such, Livius, 24, 34) ; motus stellarum observitare (Cicero, Div., 1, 1, 2, Orelli [al. observare]), considerare sidera (Gellius, 2, 21) ; positus siderum ac spatia dimetiri (Tacitus, Ann., 6, 21, 3).
OBSERVATORY, * specula astronomica (Eichst. ) ; or mathematici pergula (Suetonius, Oct., 94).
OBSERVE, || To watch, servare, observare (general term) : asservare (to watch carefully) : animadvertere (to give heed or attention to) : spectare, contemplari (to look about quietly for the purpose of observation) : considerare (to view or contemplate ; e. g., sidera, Gellius, 2, 21) : custodire (to watch, guard, a person) : speculari (to look out for) : speculari et custodire aliquem : to observe the course of the stars, observare [Moser, Orell., observitare, Cicero, Div., 1, 1, 2] motus stellarum : to observe lightning, servare de cœlo (of an augur) : to observe the rising of a constellation, servare ortum sideris : to observe anybody’s behavior, observare quemadmodum aliquis se gerat : to observe the enemy, hostium consilia speculari (to endeavor to find out his plans) : quæ ab hostibus agantur, cognoscere (to watch) : hostium itinera servare (to note the march of an enemy). || To follow, attend to, observare (e. g., leges, Cicero ; præceptum, Cæsar) : parere (to obey). || To say, remark, dicere (to say) : docere (to teach) : to observe this, ut hoc addam : to observe only one thing, ut alia omittam (to pass by all other things). Cf., Avoid the expression so commonly used by annotators, ut monet, for ut ait, ut docet, ut annotavit, ut est apud ; ut monet is not Latin.
OBSERVER, observator (general term ; Cf., post-Augustan) : spectator (a beholder) : speculator (a spy) ; or by circumlocution with the verbs : an observer of nature, speculator venatorque naturæ : an observer of the constellations, spectator cœli siderumque : an acute observer, homo acutus, sagax, emunctæ naris homo (facete, Horatius, Sat., 1, 4, 8) : a careful observer of his duties, omnium officiorum observantissimus (Plinius, Ep. 10, 11) : to be a diligent observer of anything, acriter animum intendere ad aliquid ; acrem et diligentem esse animadvertorem alicujus rei.
OBSOLETE, obsoletus (of dress, words) : exoletus (of words) : ab usu quotidiani sermonis jam diu intermissus (of words long gone out of common use) : ab ultimis et jam obliteratis temporibus repetitus (of words) : to become obsolete, obsolescere ; exolescere (Cf., in desuetudinem venire, only in the Digests).
OBSTACLE, impedimentum (a hindrance) : mora (a cause of delay) : difficultas (difficulty ; Cf., avoid the unclassical obstaculum and obstantia, although the latter occurs in Vitruvius) : to put an obstacle in the way, to be an obstacle, impedimento esse alicui rei ; impedimentum inferre (Cicero) ; impedimentum afferre (Tacitus) ; moram afferre, offerre (Cicero) ; in mora esse (Terentianus) ; obstare, officere, obesse alicui (Cicero) : to remove obstacles, amoliri (of obstacles ; also with addition of e medio, with labor and difficulty) : to conquer obstacles, impedimenta superare ; ea, quæ obstant, transcendere (to overcome them) : amoliri, quæ impedimento sunt (remove them by great exertions ; after Terentius, And., 4, 2, 24).
OBSTINACY, animus obstinatus, obstinatio, in anything, alicujus rei (obstinate perseverance) : pervicacia, animus pervicax (perseverance in endeavoring to carry out anything, or to gain a victory) : pertinacia (obstinacy in an opinion or purpose) : animus præfractus ;
contumacia.
OBSTINATE, pertinax (that keeps to his opinion ; also of things, that do not yield or abate ; e. g., diseases) : pervicax (constant in endeavors to carry a thing through, or gain a point) : obstinatus, affirmatus (the former, firm and constant, in a good sense ; the latter, stiff and obstinate, in a bad sense : Cf., contumax, defying, resisting, does not belong to this ; refractorius is not classical) : an obstinate complaint or disease, morbus perseverans ; morbus longinquus (long, tedious) ; longa et pertinax valetudo (of a long continuance of poor health) : an obstinate engagement, prœlium or certamen pertinax (Cf., prœlium firmissimum, Cœlius in Cicero, Ep., 8, 17, extr. = a battle with able-bodied troops) : an obstinate silence, obstinatum silentium (e. g., obtinere).
OBSTINATELY, obstinate ; pertinaciter ; pervicaciter ; præfracte (e. g., nimis præfracte ærarium defendere, Cicero, Off., 3, 22, 88) ; obstinato animo ; affirmata voluntate : to act obstinately in anything, obstinato animo agere aliquid.
OBSTREPEROUS, Vid. NOISY.
OBSTRUCT, || To block up, claudere (shut in) ; obstruere, obsepire, intercludere. To obstruct the way, viam præcludere ; viam obstruere (barricade) ; iter obsepire ; iter intercludere, interrumpere. || To be an obstacle in the way of, impedire aliquem ab aliqua re, or merely aliqua re (never in aliqua re) ; impedimento esse alicui (alicui rei) ; ad aliquid (never in aliqua re) impedimentum afferre alicui rei faciendæ ; obstare or officere alicui and alicui rei alicujus.
OBSTRUCTION, || Act of obstructing ; use the verbs. || Obstacle, vid.
OBTAIN, obtinere (to obtain after resistance, and keep possession) : parare, comparare (provide, procure by one’s own means) : quærere (obtain by seeking ; e. g., livelihood, victum ; popularity with the common people, gratiam ad populum ; glory, sibi gloriam) : acquirere (to obtain what one has striven for) : colligere (collect ; e. g., good-will, favor, etc. ) : nancisci (obtain with or without trouble ; even against one’s wish) : adipisci (to achieve by exertion) : consequi (to arrive at the object of one’s wish, with or without assistance) : assequi (to arrive by exertion at the object of one’s endeavors) : impetrare (effect or obtain what has been required) : by violence, exprimere, extorquere : to obtain the highest political power, rerum potiri : to obtain credit, parere sibi laudem : money, pecuniam sibi facere : a man’s friendship, alicujus amicitiam sibi comparare : great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere : great wealth and reputation, magnas opes sibi magnumque nomen facere : a victory, victoriam ab, de, or ex hoste consequi or reportare (Cicero) ; referre (Livius) ; adipisci (Cæsar) : To endeavor to obtain, captare aliquid (e. g., popularity, etc. ).
OBTESTATION, obtestatio (Cicero) ; or by circumlocution with the verbs.
OBTRECTATION, obtrectatio (Cicero, Livius).
OBTRUDE, v., obtrudere (of persons or things) : to obtrude one’s self, se obtrudere, inferre, insolenter se offerre, se ingerere, se inculcare alicujus auribus (in order that one may hear us ; all these of persons) : se inculcare (e. g., oculis) : se offerre, objici (e. g., animo ; of forms, appearances, thoughts which present themselves to our view or mind).
OBTRUSION, By the verbs.
OBTRUSIVE, importunus (behaving in a troublesome, unseemly, etc., manner) : molestus (troublesome) : impudens (shameless) : molestus. Or by the verbs.
OBTUSE, obtusus, hebes (properly and figuratively) ; tardus (figuratively) : an obtuse mind, ingenium hebes, or retusum (Cicero).
OBTUSENESS (hebetatio oculorum, Plinius, dullness of sight : hebetudo sensuum, Macrobius, stupidity). Use the adjectives.
OBVIATE, occurrere, obviam ire (to go against, not to shun) : prævertere (to prevent) : resistere (to offer resistance, check) : to obviate an evil, malo occurrere, prævertere.
OBVIOUS, manifestus, perspicuus, evidens, planus, illustris : to be obvious, patere, apparere (to be manifest) : liquet (it is clear, self-evident) : liquere ; planum, clarum, perspicuum esse (to be clear or plain [SYN. in PLAIN]) : this is not obvious to me, hoc mihi non constat : to me the matter is quite obvious, res solis luce mihi videtur clarior (after Cicero, De Div., 1, 3, 6). Vid. also, CLEAR.
OBVIOUSLY, manifesto ; clare ; evidenter. Vid. also, CLEARLY.
OCCASION, s., causa (cause, reason) : materia (materials for anything) : locus, occasio (opportunity) : ansa (properly, a handle ; then figuratively, an opportunity) : to give occasion, occasionem dare ; ansam dare or præbere (e. g., for blame, reprehensionis or ad reprehendendum) : to give occasion to suspicion or doubt, locum dare suspicioni or dubitationi : to be an occasion of war, belli materiam præbere : to give occasion for a letter, argumentum epistolæ dare : to be an occasion of laughter, risum movere or concitare : to take occasion, occasionem capere, sumere, or amplecti (the last, willingly or gladly) : to seek occasion, occasionem captare : to cut off all occasion, præcidere alicui omnes causas : upon occasion, si occasio fuerit : tulerit ; oblata facultate ; ut primum occasio data fuerit (Cicero).
OCCASION, v., occasionem dare, ansam dare or præbere, rei (dative) ; locum dare rei (dative) or rei (genitive) ; materiam præbere (Cf., Plautus and Phædrus often use concinnare in this sense). Vid. also, CAUSE, v.
OCCASIONAL, by circumlocution by occasione (Cf., not opportunitate) data or oblata ; si occasio fuerit or tulerit ; per occasionem. An occasional poem or copy of verses, carmen sollemne (on any public festive occasion ; Cf. Statius, Silv. 4, 6, 92).
OCCASIONALLY, per occasionem (Livius) ; ex occasione ; oblata occasione (Suetonius).
OCCIDENT, occidens.
OCCIDENTAL, occidentalis (Plinius) ; solem occidentem spectans (Livius) ; ad occidentem situs (after Livius) ; ad occidentem vergens (Curtius) ; in occidentem vergens (Livius).
OCCIPUT, occipitium (Varro, Plautus) ; occiput (Persius).
OCCULT, arcanus ; occultus ; abditus ; latens : occult causes, cæcæ causæ : occult diseases, cæci morbi.
OCCUPATION, || The act of occupying, possessio (possession) ; usually by the verbs. || Employment, business, negotium : without occupation, negotiis vacuus.
OCCUPIER, possessor ; or by the verbs.
OCCUPY, || To engage, occupare, occupatum tenere (to engage one’s whole thoughts or attention) : detinere (to keep close to a thing, to fix) : curæ est mihi aliquid, consulo alicui rei (engages my care or attention) : to occupy one in various ways, distinere ; distringere (to distract) : to occupy one’s self in anything, occupari in aliqua re or aliqua re ; versari in re or circa aliquid (to give one’s self up completely to a thing) : se ponere in re (to lay one’s self out upon a thing) : aliquid tractare (to handle) : agere (to be chiefly concerned in) : dare se rei (to devote one’s self to ; to be busily occupied in anything) : urgere aliquid (e. g., studia) : to occupy one’s self wholly, or exclusively in anything, se totum collocare in re : my mind is entirely occupied with this one contemplation, totus animus in hac una contemplatione derixus est : to be occupied in a thing, occupatum esse in re ; intentum esse alicui rei ; in manibus est mihi aliquid ; vigere in re (e. g., in rerum cognitione, vid. Cicero, Ecl. p. 56). || To take or have possession, habere ; tenere ; possidere : to occupy with troops, locum obsidere, insidere, occupare (the latter including the idea that one anticipates another in taking the place) : locum præsidio firmare, munire ; præsidium ponere, collocare, constituere in loco (to garrison a place which one already possesses) : to occupy a place firmly with troops, valido occupare præsidio : a place properly occupied (with troops), locus tutus (opposed to intutus) : to keep a place occupied (with troops), locum præsidio tenere (to hold with a garrison) : locum asservare (to keep).
OCCUR, || To happen, accidere ; incidere ; evenire ; contingere ; intervenire (Cicero) ; intercidere (Cæsar) ; geri (to be going on) : exsistere (of events which break out suddenly, as seditions, wars, etc. ). || To come under observation, be met with (as a passage in a book, etc. ), esse ; exstari ; inveniri ; reperiri : a passage occurs, phrases occur, etc., locus occurrit ; locutiones, sententiæ occurrunt apud scriptorem (but it is better to use inveniri, reperiri, legi ; for occurrere contains the idea of something accidental or fortuitous. Cf., Avoid, in this sense, obvium esse, and obvenire. Vid. Frotscher ad Quintilianus, 10, 1, 19). || To present itself to one’s mind, in mentem mihi aliquid venit ; mihi in opinionem aliquid venit (as an opinion, or supposition) : subit animum cogitatio, in mentem or in cogitationem mihi incidit aliquid (presents itself to my mind) : mihi, or animo, or in mentem occurrit aliquid, mihi succurrit aliquid (enters my mind) : subit recordatio, recordor or reminiscor alicujus rei, recursat aliquid animo (I remember a thing) : all kinds of things occur to my mind, variæ cogitationes animum meum commovent : to write, to speak just what occurs to one, quod or quidquid in buccam venerit, scribere, (Cicero, Att. 1, 12), garrire (Cicero, Att., 12, 1), loqui (Mart., 12, 24, 5).
OCCURRENCE, || Act of occurring,
use the verbs. || Event, casus (especially accidental) : res (general term, an occurrence, etc. ). Unfortunate occurrences, res adversæ, miseræ ; casus calamitosi, miseri : sad occurrences, casus horribilis, tristis : an unexpected occurrence, casus improvisus, inopinatus.
OCEAN, oceanus (Cicero). Cf., Mare oceanum is found in Cæsar in the accusative, and in Tacitus, in the nominative, so that, in the latter at least, it is an adjective.
OCHRE, ochra (Plinius, Vitruvius) : sil, silis (Plinius) :
Of the color of yellow ochre, silaceus (Plinius).
OCTAGON, octogonon (Vitruvius) ; (octangula figura, Appuleius).
OCTAGONAL, octogonus (Vitruvius ; octangulus, Appuleius).
OCTAVE, || In music, diapason ; intervallurn septem vocum (an interval between the notes of the same name) : octo voces or soni (a series of eight notes).
OCTAVO, (Size of paper) * forma octonaria (Wyttenback). An octavo page, * pagina octonaria : an octavo volume, * liber formæ octavæ (Wyttenback) or octonariæ (ib. ) ; * liber octonarius : an octavo sheet, * scida octonaria, or formæ octavæ : in octavo, * formæ octavæ or octonariæ : a volume in royal (imperial) octavo, * liber formæ octavæ majoris (maximæ) (Wyttenback).
OCTOBER, (mensis) October.
OCULAR, by the genitive oculorum ; or otherwise by circumlocution with oculus, oculi. To give ocular demonstration of anything, oculis, ante oculos alicujus aliquid proponere, exponere (Cicero) ; oculis subjicere(Livius) ; sub aspectum subjicere(att. ad Horatius) : ocular illusions, ludibria oculorum, credita pro veris (Livius).
OCULIST, medicus ocularius (Celsus, 6, 6, 8) ; chirurgus ocularius (inscriptions), or simply ocularius (Scribonius, Larg., 37).
ODD, || Not even or like, inæqualis (unlike in nature) : impar (opposed to par ; uneven in quantity) : dispar (opposed to compar ; unlike in quality). An odd number, numerus impar. || Strange, insolens ; insolitus ; mirabilis ; mirus ; monstrosus : to say odd things, monstra dicere, nunciare : is not this odd ? nonne hoc monstri similis est? (Terentius, Eun., 2, 3, 43) : it were odd if, mirum (est) si, nisi (Plautus, Terentianus). || Over and above a certain numbet, justum numerum excedens or superans.
ODDITY, | Oddness, vid. || An odd or strange person or thing, homo monstrosus (Cicero) ; caput ridiculum (Terentianus ; of persons) ; monstrum ; res monstruosa, mira, nova (of things).
ODDLY, || Unevenly, inæqualiter. || Strangely, monstruose ; miro, novo, insolito modo ; mirum in modum.
ODDNESS, || Unevenness, inæqualitas. || Strangeness ; by the adjective.
ODDS, || Inequality, inæqualitas. || Advantage, superiority, prior locus ; excellentia, præstantia (excellence). To have the odds of anybody, aliquo potiorem, priorem esse ; aliquem antecedere : in anything, aliqua re præstare alicui or superare, vincere aliquem. || Odds (in betting). To bet odds, either quovis pignore certare (which, however, is only ” to bet any wager”) or * majori pignore cum aliquo certare. Cf., To express “odds of so much to so much, ” cf. Plautus, Epid., 5, 2, 34, Ni ergo matris filia est, in meum nummum, in tuum talentum pignus da. || Variance, rixa ; jurgium ; lites, plural ; altercatio ; contentio. They are at odds, lites inter eos factæ sunt (Terentius, Eun., 4, 5, 8) : to set at odds, rixam ciere, excitare ; altercationem (Livius) or controversiam (Cicero) facere.
ODIOUS, odiosus ; invisus ; invidiosus. To render anybody odious, alicui invidiam facere or conflare.
ODIOUSLY, infeste (also the superlative in Cicero) ; infeste (also the comparative in Cicero).
ODIOUSNESS, invidia. To conceal the odiousness of a thing by a gentle name, tristitiam alicujus rei mitigare lenitate verbi (Cicero, Off., 1, 12, 37).
ODIUM, invidia. To have incurred odium, habere invidiam ; in invidia esse : to bring odium upon anybody, aliquem in invidiam adducere or trahere ; alicui odium conciliare or invidiam conflare ; aliquem in odium (invidiam) vocare : to be an object of general odium, onerari invidia.
ODOR, || Properly, odor. A sweet odor, odor suavis, jucundus : sweet odors, suavitas odorum, or simply odores (Cicero). || Figuratively, Esteem, repute, existimatio. In bad odor, nonnulla infamia aspersus : to be in bad odor, minus commode audire ; minus commodæ esse existimationis ; (with anybody) magna in offensa esse apud aliquem (Cicero).
ODORIFEROUS, bene olens (Cicero) ; odoratus (perfumed ; Ovidius, Plinius) ; odorus (Ovidius). To be odoriferous, bene olere (Cicero) ; suave olere (Catullus) ; suaves odores spargere (after Horatius).
OF, || As a sign of the genitive, or denoting possession, is usually expressed by the genitive case in Latin. Cf., Ab, with an ablative instead of the genitive, is poetical ; e. g., dulces a fontibus undæ (Vergilius). || Denoting origin, beginning, or cause ; we sometimes find e or ex ; de : but the preposition is used only for the sake of emphasis or perspicuity ; for the most part, “of” is expressed by the simple genitive ; e. g., rex Macedoniæ or Macedonum, King of Macedon. Sometimes “of” is expressed by the use of an adjective ; e. g., a citizen of Athens, civig Atheniensis. In the titles of nobility a is better than de ; but it is generally best to employ an adjective ; e, g : dux Guisius, the Duke of Guise. To die of a disease, perire a morbo (vid. Bremi, Nep., De Regg., 3, 3) : to die of wounds, ex vulneribus perire. When “of” refers to the material of which a thing is made, it is usual not to employ the preposition alone, but to make it dependent on a participle, as factus, expressus, or the like ; e. g., poculum ex auro, better poculum ex auro factum ; or by the use of an adjective, poculum aureum. Cf., The preposition must not be used when speaking of things as consisting of a certain material : in this case the material must be denoted by an adjective, or by a substantive in the genitive case ; e. g., mountains of gold, montes aurei, or montes auri. || Denoting the quality or property of a thing. When a property is considered as manifest or apparent, and so as existing according to the mind or judgement of a spectator, the ablative must be employed ; e. g., puella pulchra forma, of a beautiful figure : but when the property is characteristic, and considered as inherent in the subject, then we find the genitive. Hence all descriptions of a thing with reference to its size, weight, age, etc., have the genitive ; e. g., pedum quindecim fossa ; homo fervidi ingenii ; vir magni judicii et summæ facultatis. || In denoting the part of a whole, usually ex, more rarely ab ; e. g., nonnulli ab novissimis, some of (Cæsar). || Concerning, respecting, de. What must be thought of those who. . . ? quid de iis existimandum, qui? etc. || Out of, de ; ex ; inter (among). || Before the name of a town as the native place of a person, “of” is usually expressed by an adjective, of the name of the place instead of a preposition ; e. g., Lycurgus of Sparta, Lycurgus Spartanus ; Pericles of Athens, Pericles Atheniensis. The preposition with the place is sometimes, but rarely, used ; as Livius, 1, 50, Turnus ab Aricia for Turnus Aricinus. (Cf., This mode of writing is almost peculiar to Livy. ) || Sometimes “of” is expressed in Latin by the form of construction ; e. g., to smell of a thing, sapere rem : of high birth, natus summo loco : of one’s own accord, sponte mea, tua, etc. Cf., The city of Rome, urbs Roma (in apposition, not Romæ). || The following instances show how to translate “of” before the participial substantive. (1) By infinitive : let no one repent of having preferred, ne quem pœniteat sequi maluisse, etc. : I don’t despair of there being some one, non despero fore aliquem : (2) quod with subjunctive : I think he should repent of having given up his opinion, ego illi, quod de sua sententia decessisset, pœnitendum censeo : they accused Socrates of corrupting, Socratem accusarunt, quod corrumperet. (3) Instead of reading, he does so and so, quum possit or quum debeat legere (according as the thing not done was a possibility or a duty) : why do you cry instead of laughing? cur rides ac non potius lacrimaris? || Miscellaneous. To ask or inquire of anybody, quærere aliquid ex [ab, de] aliquo : to consist of anything, ex aliqua re constare, consistere ; also, of numbers, esse with genitive. To be made of anything, ex aliqua re factum, constitutum esse : one of, unus ex, less commonly de.
OFF, || Denoting separation or distance, ab eo (ea, etc. ) ; de eo (ea, etc. ). But we usually find a (ab), or de in composition with a verb ; as, to drive off, avehi ; devehi : to bear off, ferre, auferre (properly and figuratively) ; deportare, reportare, consequi, adipisci (figuratively to get, acquire, obtain, as victory, fame, etc) : to carry off, ferre, auferre (to acquire, obtain) : obtinere (to obtain something wished for) : ex ea re servare (to save, deliver) : to come off, elabi, evadere (e. g., to come off with his life, vivum or salvum evadere ; vivum exire) : to come off with a light punishment, levi pœna defungi : to come off unpunished, impune abire ; sine pœna demitti : to come off fortunately, pulchre discedere (comic) : to drive off, abigere, depellere : to go off, abire, discedere ; aufugere, profugere (to flee away ; the latter especially in a secret manner) : to lead off, abducere : to make off,
se proripere ; se eripere ; in pedes se conjicere (to take to one’s heels ; comic) : to make off secretly, profugere ; clam aufugere ; clam se subducere (to sneak off) ; clandestina fuga se subtrahere. || As an interjection, Away! away with! tolle, tollite, aufer, auferte (take away! vid. Vergilius, Æn., 8, 439, tollite cuncta, inquit, cœptos auferte labores) : abi! apage te! (go away!) off with you! amove te hinc! abi in malam rem! (= go and be hanged! comic) : plural, off with you! procul este! OFFAL, vilia -um ; quisquiliæ (Cicero) ; intestina, plural (intestines).
OFFENCE, || Displeasure given, in jury done, injuria (injury done ; when perspicuity allows it, the person who does the injury, and the person to whom the injury is done, may be placed in the genitive ; else say, injuria alicui illata, injuria ab aliquo illata) : offensio, offensa (offence ; the former, which one feels or receives ; the latter, of which one is guilty) ignominia (general term reproach expressed, whether deserved or not) : contumelia (reproach unjustly expressed, insult) : molestia (unpleasant, of a thing as burdensome or annoying) : dolor (the painful feeling of offence). A grievous offence, injuria acerba ; offensio gravis ; dolor gravis or acerbus : without offence, sine ulla contumelia. || Displeasure received, injury sustained, offensio. To give offence to anyone, offendere aliquem or apud aliquem ; in offensionem alicujus incurrere or cadere : I have given great offence to someone, in magna offensa sum apud aliquem : to give great offence by one’s mode of life, esse pessimi exempli : to take offence, offensionem accipere (opposed to offensionem deponere) : to take offence at a person or thing, in aliquo or in aliqua re offendere (to have something to object to in a person or thing) : fastidire aliquem or aliquid, or in aliqua re (tofeel disgust, to disdain ; vid. Livius, 4, 3, and 34, 5 extr. ; Cicero, Mil., 16, 42) : to avoid offence, offensionem effugere. If I may say so without offence, bona hoc venia tua dixerim ; pace tua dixerim. || Cause of offending, stumbling block, res mali (pessimi) exempli. κυρικιμασαηικο OFFEND, || TRANS., To displease, offendere aliquem (also, improperly, alicujus aures, etc. ) : to be offended, offendi : to have grievously offended anybody, magna in offensa esse apud aliquem (Cicero) ; facere aliquem iratum ; irritare aliquem or alicujus iram ; exacerbare aliquem. I am offended at anything, aliquid mihi stomacho est ; aliquid ægre fero (comedy, aliquid mihi or meo animo ægre est) ; aliquid mihi molestum est ; aliquid me pungit ; aliquid me male habet. || To be offensive to, offensioni esse ; offensionem or offensam habere ; offensionem afferre (alicui). || INTRANS., To transgress, peccare. || To offend against (= violate) rules, laws, etc. Vid. VIOLATE, TRANSGESS.
OFFENSIVE, || Causing anger, pain, or disgust, quod offensioni est, offensionem habet or affert : quod offendit, quod non vacat offensione (that is faulty) : quod displicet (that displeases) : odiosus (that causes scandal) : exemplo haud saluber (that sets a bad example) : mali or pessimi exempli (that sets a very bad example) : Very offensive manners, mores pessimi, perditi : offensive language, voces lascivæ (licentious), protervæ (wanton), obscenæ (obscene), contumeliosæ (injurious to the eredit of anyone) : to use offensive language to anyone, conscelerare aures alicujus : to be offensive, offensioni esse ; offensionem or offensam habere ; offensionem affeire : to any one, alicui ; non vacare offensione : to be offensive to the eyes and ears, ab oculorum auriumque probatione abhorrere. || Assailant, opposed to defensive, by circumlocution. An offensive war, * bellum quod ultro infertur ; * bellum ultro inferendum (while yet future), ultro illatum (when already begun) : to begin an offensive war, bellum inferre, or ultro inferre (Cæsar, Livius) ; armis, bello, lacessere or petere aliquem ; infesto exercitu pergere in agrum hostium ; ultro petere hostem : an offensive alliance or treaty, * fœdus ad bellum alicui inferendum initum ; to act on the offensive (against any state or people), sociare arma contra aliquem : the Romans under Fabius acted on the defensive rather than on the offensive, Romani apud Fabium arcebant magis quam inferebant pugnam (Livius, 10, 28) : to act both on the offensive and on the defensive, inferre vim atque arcere : to be strong enough to act on the offensive inferendo bello satis pollere (Tacitus, Hist., 3, 55, 1). //
OFFER, s., quod aliquis offert ; conditio. To make an offer, conditionem ferre (Livius), proponere (Cicero) : to accept an offer, conditionem accipere (Terentianus) : to refuse an offer, conditionem aspernari(Nepos) : offer of marriage ; vid. MARRIAGE.
OFFER, v., offerre (to set over against, to present to) : profiteri (to profess one’s self ready to) : polliceri (to promise), alicui aliquid. To offer one’s services to anybody, alicui operam suam offerre ; at or in anything, ad rem or in re operam suam profiteri : to offer anybody one’s interest or power for anything, alicui auctoritatem, copias, opes deferre ad aliquid negotium : to offer a thing of one’s own accord to anybody, aliquid alicui ultro offerre or polliceri : to offer battle to the enemy, hostem ad pugnam provocare, hostibus facere potestatem pugnæ or pugnandi : to offer one’s self, se offerre (general term), or se venditare alicui (of one who endeavors to gain the favor of anybody) : to offer one’s self as bail or surety, se sponsorem profiteri : to offer one’s self for anything, profiteri operam suam ad aliquid : to offer one’s self as a guide, polliceri se ducem itineris : to offer itself, offerri, dari (of things and events) : objici (to present itself accidentally) : suppetere (to be at hand in abundance ; vid. Herzog, Sall., Cat., 16, 3) : a good opportunity offers itself, opportunitas datur.
OFFERING, donum ; munus (sacrum). A burnt-offering, holocaustum (Tertullianus).
OFFERTORY, * ea pars cultus divini, qua pecuniam in usum pauperum conferimus ; * ea pars cultus divini, qua oblationes populi offeruntur ; or it may be necessary to retain * offertorium astechnical term. Cf., Offertorium, in ecclesiastical Latin, was the place where the oblations were offered : fertum enim dicitur oblatio, quæ altari offertur (Isidorus, Orig., 6, 19). Freund assigns this meaning to the word in his first edition ; but in his latest edition he makes offertorium = oblation, also elevation of the host (with Roman Catholics).
OFFICE, || Business, function ; particular employment, especially public, munus (general term) ; munia, -um, neuter (acts of duty, obligations) : officium (like the preceding, that which one has to do) : partes (the share or part of a duty or obligation imposed on anyone, one’s own sphere of action) : provincia (that which is conferred on anyone, especially a public office) : sors (that which has fallen to anyone by lot) : locus (a definite position) : magistratus (the office of a magistrate ; opposed to imperium, command in war) : honos (an office of honor). An honorable office, munus magnificum, dignitas, honos : a public office, officium publicum : a civic office, officium civile : an important office, munus amplum or grave (opposed to munus exiguum, vile, servile, sordidum) : to seek an office, petere honores, ambire magistratum ; (earnestly) inservire or operam dare honoribus : to obtain an office, munus alicui defertur, mandatur, muneri præficior : to enter upon an office, munus or magistratum inire, munus suscipere, provinciam capere or accipere : to bear, hold, or administer an office, munus obire, sustinere, munere fungi, magistratum gerere, potestatem gerere or potestati præesse (of a consul or prætor) : to perform one’s office well, implere officii sui partes, colere et facere officium suum, laute administrare munus suum : to have filled all offices in the state, omnibus honoribus et reipublicæ muneribus perfunctum esse : to undertake or discharge the office of anyone, suscipere officia et partes alicujus : to discharge one’s office badly, male administrare munus suum : to confer an office on anyone, munus alicui deferre, mandare, assignare : to hold office, munus habere, sustinere : to hold no office, vacare munere, vacare a publico munere et officio, or ab omni reipublicæ administratione : to refuse or decline an office, munus deprecari or recusare ; munus defugere (to shun) : to succeed to anybody’s office, partes alicujus sibi sumere, munus alicujus occupare : this is my office, hoc meum est : this is not your office, hæ non sunt tuæ partes, hoc a te non exigitur : in virtue of my office, pro auctoritate : robe of office, vestis forensis : seal of office, præfecturæ signum : when he was in office, dum functus est munere : air of office, potestatis persona (of a governor, Tacitus, Agr., 9, 3) ; gravitas censoria, supercilium censorium (severity, sternness ; Cicero, Cat., 15, 35 ; Valerius Max., 2, 9, præf. ) : to put on an air of office, vultum componere (Plinius, Ep., 2, 20, 3) : out of office, (a) generally, that holds no office, privatus, qui ab omni reipublicæ administratione vacat ; (b) retired or removed from office, a munere remotus ; cui munus abrogatum est. || Place of business, sedes præfecturæ (where business is transacted) ; domus, quæ ad habitandum semper datur ei qui quæsitoris obtinet munus (official residence).
OFFICER, || Civil, munere aliquo fungens ; muneri alicui præfectus, præpositus ; qui curam sustinet alicujus muneris (after Cicero). If = magistrate,
magistratus ; or by circumlocution, qui potestatem gerit in republica ; qui versatur cum potestate in republica. (Cf., Under the later emperors we find officiales ; Ammianus) || Military, dux (Livius), præfectus militum (Cæsar) ; ductor ordinum (Livius). The officers, præfecti militum (Cæsar) ; præfecti et tribuni militares (Cicero) : the superior officers, primorum ordinum centuriones : superior and inferior officers, omnium ordinum centuriones (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 40). || Naval, præfectus classis (admiral) or navis (captain) ; centurio classiarius (Tacitus) : naval officers, classiarii duces.
OFFICIAL, adjective, quod ad munus or officium pertinet ; quod cum munere conjunctum est ; quod munus fert. To make an official report, publice scribere de aliqua re ; referre aliquid ad aliquem (Cicero) : to make an official return, publice nunciare aliquid ; publice perscribere aliquem rem (Cicero) : an official account or document, literæ publicæ ; literæ publice missæ : an official residence, sedes præfecti or præfecturæ.
OFFICIAL, s., Vid. OFFICER.
OFFICIALLY, publice ; publica auctoritate.
OFFICIATE, (In public worship), sacra facere, obire, curare, colere ; rem divinam facere (Cicero) ; rebus divinis operam dare ; res divinas rite perpetrare (Livius).
OFFICIOUS, molestus. Cf., Officiosus has a good sense ; courteous, obliging.
OFFICIOUSLY, moleste : (officiose only in a good sense. ) OFFICIOUSNESS, (nimis) officiosa sedulitas (Horatius).
OFFING, mare. In the offing, ad mare versum (Hirtius).
OFFSCOURING, Figuratively, Of persons, purgamentum ; sentina ; quisquiliæ. Tace tu, quem ego esse puto infra infimos homines (among the offscouring of the people, Terentianus).
OFFSET, permen ; surculus.
OFFSPRING, prosapia ; posteritas (the former an antiquated and solemn expression, only used of ancient families ; offspring collectively) : progenies (a somewhat select expression, properly used collectively, but also of one or more) : stirps (somewhat poetical in this sense, but also used by Livy and Tacitus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) stirps et progenies (Tacitus) : proles ; suboles (poetical, speaking of children as fruits : proles as a new race, to exist with their parents ; suboles as an after-growth, to supply their places, Döderlein). Male offspring, stirps virilis (Livius) ; virilis sexus stirps : to leave any offspring, stirpem relinquere ; ex se natos (sc. filios) relinquere : to leave no male offspring, virilem sexum non relinquere.
OFT,
OFTEN,
OFTTIMES, sæpe, sæpe numero (often; opposed to semel, nonnunquam, semper, like πολλάκις) : crebro, frequenter (opposed to raro : crebro often, and in quick succession, and rather too often ; frequenter of a subject or agent) : compluries (several times ; not pluries, which is only a conjecture, Cæsar, B. C., 1, 79) : multum (much, many times) : non raro (not seldom). [Multoties is very late. ] Also by the adjective frequens when a person is the agent, but not when a thing is spoken of (hence ille frequens est nobiscum ; illi frequentes Antonii domum ventitant ; frequens aderat in senatu ; Cf., but not hæc sententia veteribus frequens commemoratur). Also by solere and frequentative verbs ; e. g., I often do this, soleo aliquid facere : to read often, lectitare : to visit often, frequentare : more often, sæpius, crebrius : very often, persæpe, sæpissime : too often, nimium sæpe : sæpius justo : how often, quam sæpe ; quoties : so often, tam sæpe ; toties : as often as, quoties ; quotiescumque.
OGLE, s., by oculi fatentes ignem (Ovidius) or * amorem.
OGLE, v., oculis fatentibus ignem (better amorem in prose) spectare aliquem (after Ovidius, A. A., 1, 573). To ogle one another with stolen glances, perhaps (from context) furtim inter se aspicere.
OH, oh! (of internal emotion) : pro! or proh! (of astonishment and lamentation) : hem! (usually denoting astonishment) : The interjections are mostly followed by an accusative (rarely by a dative), oh! good heavens! proh dii immortales! deos immortales! pro Deum fidem! me miserum! oh that! o si! o utinam! or simply utinam! Followed by a subjunctive present, imperfect or pluperfect ; but with this difference, that the present is used to denote the earnest desire of the party wishing, while the imperfect and pluperfect imply a condition or doubt ; e. g., utinam veniat, I (earnestly) wish he may come ; utinam veniret, I wish (it were possible that) he might come.
OIL, s., oleum (general term ; but properly, olive oil) : olivum, oleum olivarum (olive oil) : pure, sweet, clear oil, oleum purum (Cato) ; mundum (Pall. ) ; liquidum, optimum, non insuavis odoris, egregii saporis (Columella) : old, bad, rancid oil, oleum vetus (Columella) ; corruptum (Cæsar) ; sordidum (Pall. ) : to press oil, oleum facere : to add oil to the flame, oleum addere camino (Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 321) : to supply a lamp with oil, oleum lumini instillare : of or belonging to oil, olearius : dregs of oil, fæces (plural) ; amurca (impurities in pressing) : an oil painting, imago oleatis pigmentis picta ; pictura pigmentis oleatis facta : an oil cask, dolium olearium : the smell of oil, odor olei ; odor oleaceus (like oil) : the taste of oil, sapor olei ; sapor oleaceus (like oil).
OIL, v., oleo unguere (Horatius, Sat. ) ; oleo perfundere aliquid (Vergilius).
OILMAN, olearius : a wholesale oilman, mercator olearius (Pand. ).
OILY, oleosus (full of or covered with oil) : oleaceus (of the nature of oil).
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OINTMENT, unguentum : a sweet-smelling ointment, unguentum summa et acerrima suavitate conditum (Cicero) : ointment for the eyes, collyrium : to anoint with ointment, unguentis aliquid oblinere, ungere : to smell of ointment, unguenta olere (Plautus) ; unguentis fragrare (to smell strongly, Suetonius, Vesp., 8).