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MEET, v. , || By accident, offendere aliquem (to hit anybody or anything accidentally ; of persons or things ; hence, to meet) : incurrere in aliquem or aliquid (of persons or things ; to run against ; hence, to meet) : incidere in aliquem (to fall in with a person). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) incurrere atque incidere in aliquem : occurrere alicui (to run against him ; to meet) : se obviam ferre or efferre (of the person who meets us). || To encounter, obviam ire : occurrere : occursare : se obviam ferre or efferre [SYN. in ENCOUNTER] : concurrere or congredi cum aliquo (fight with).
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To meet death fearlessly, acriter se morti offerre : promte necem subire (of a violent death) : to meet danger, periculo obviam ire, se offerre, se opponere, or objicere : wherever we go, some historical recollection meets us, quâcumque ingredimur in aliquam historiam vestigium ponimus (Cicero) : sometimes convenire (to have an interview with : Naucrates, quem convenire colui, in navi non erat, Plautus) : to meet anybody’s objections, quæ aliquis contra dicit, refellere. || MEET WITH, TRANS. , (a) OBTAIN, RECEIVE. [Vid. these words. ] (b) to have anything happen to one, contingere aliquem (of good things) : accidere alicui (of evils) : to meet with opposition, impugnari (of an opinion) : to meet with a repulse, recusari : I meet with a misfortune, malum mihi accidit [Vid. HAPPEN] : INTRANS. , || In a friendly manner, convenire or congredi inter se (purposely) : concurrere inter se (accidentally). || In a hostile manner, (inter se) concurrere (of corporeal substances, or of combatants) : (inter se) congredi (of two combatants or two armies) : signa inter se conferre : cum infestis signis concurrere (of two armies) : collidi inter se (of ships running against each other). IMPROPR. , || Meet together, (a) Properly, coire : convenire : cogi : se congregare : confluere : frequentes convenire. [SYN. in ASSEMBLE. ] (b) Figuratively, i. e. , to concur [Vid. CONCUR] : many causes seem to have met together, multæ causæ convenisse unum in locum atque inter se congruere videntur (Cicero).
MEETING, || A coming together, conventus ; concursus : an accidental meeting, concursus fortuitus. || An assembly, conventus ; cœtus ; concio [SYN. in ASSEMBLY] : place of meeting, locus ad conveniendum dictus (Livius) ; locus conveniendi (Cicero).
MEETLY,
MEETNESS, Vid. FITLY, FITNESS.
MEGRIMS, || A disease, hemicranium. || An odd fancy, mirum or ineptum commentum ; ineptiæ, plural. MELANCHOLIC, melancholicus (Cicero).
MELANCHOLY, adjective, tristis ; mæstus.
MELANCHOLY, s. , || As a disease, melancholia (medicine) ; atra bilis (Cicero). || Sadness, tristitia ; mæstitia.
MELILOT, meliolotus, or melilotum (Plinius) ; sertula Campana (Plinius) ; trifolium melilotus (Linnæus).
MELIORATE, Vid. AMEND.
MELIORATION, circumlocution by melius facere. Vid. also, AMENDMENT.
MELLIFEROUS (mellifer, Ovidius) ; mellificus (Columella).
MELLIFLUOUS, mellifluens (Auson. ) : mellifluus (Avien. ) ; by circumlocution with mel, or mellitus (sweet as honey, Cicero, Plin. ) ; melleum saporem habens.
MELLOW, maturus, tempestivus, coctus (ripe, vid. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) maturus et coctus (e. g. , poma, Cicero) ; mollis (molle vinum, Vergilius), mitis (soft, general term) : succidus, succosus (soft with juice) : lenis, mollis, placidus (soft in sound) : ebrius ; ebriolus, ebriolatus (Plautus ; saturated with liquor, almost intoxicated).
MELLOWNESS, maturitas (ripeness) : mollities (softness). Use the adjective.
MELODIOUS, bene sonans (Cicero) : canorus (Cicero) : sonorus (Tib. ) : numerosus (of style or verses).
MELODIOUSLY, modulate (e. g. , canere) : numerose (e. g. , sonare). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) modulate et numerose.
MELODIOUSNESS, sonus gratus, suavis, jucundus.
MELODRAME, * drama musicum, or (?) melicum.
MELODY, sonus dulcis, suavis, elegans (of style, etc. ) ; numerus : sonus.
MELON, cucumus melo (Linnæus).
MELT, TRANS. , properly, || To make liquid, liquare ; liquefacere ; conflare ; excoquere ; solvere (Lucretius, nivem, Ovidius) : to melt, together (of metals, etc. ), conflare. Figuratively, || To soften, move to pity, frangere alicujus animum ; (lacrimis) alicujus misericordiam commovere. INTRANS. , || PROPR. , To become liquid, liquescere ; liquefieri ; solvi ; dilabi : ice, etc. , melts (or thaws), glacies dilabitur (Cicero) ; discutitur (Curtius) ; labescit (Lucretius) ; (nix) liquescit (Livius, cera, chalybs in fornace, liquescit (Vergilius) : to melt with heat, calore tabescere (Cicero). || Figuratively, to be moved to pity, moveri ; frangi ; tabescere (e. g. , desiderio, amore) : to melt into tears, se dare lacrimis ; effusius flere (Cicero) ; indulgere lacrimis (Ovidius) ; effundi in lacrimas (Tacitus).
MELTING, liquatio (Vopisc. ) : coctura (general term for preparing by heat, Columella, Plinius) : conflatura (melting together of metals, Plinius) : Use the verbs : (of brass, etc. ) fusura (Plinius) ; flatura (Vitruvius) : melting of colors one into another, harmŏge (Plinius) ; commissuræ et transitus colorum (id. , 35, 5, 12).
MELTING-HOUSE, offici̅na æraria (brazier’s shop), or simply æraria (Plinius) ; * fornax liquatoria (the furnace), or * offici̅na liquatoria, offici̅na venis metallicis excoquendis.
MEMBER, || A component part of an animal body, articulus (a joint which connects single members) : artus (plural, the limbs, as connected with the body by joints and sinews : the singular does not occur until the later poets of the Silver Age) : membrum : pars corporis (any part of the human body in respect of the head and trunk ; cf. Vergilius, Æn. , 9, 490 ; quæ nunc artus avulsaque membra, Et funus lacerum tellus habet?). || A part of a whole, (a) of a sentence, articulus, incisio, incisum (a shorter member, κόμμα) : membrum (a longer one, κῶλον [vid. CLAUSE] : (b) one of a society of persons ; to be rendered in Latin by various terms ; membrum can be used only when the whole is (figuratively) expressed by corpus, and pars only in expressions such as that in Tacitus, Germ. , 13, 2, ante hoc pars domus videntur, mox reipublicæ (therefore of several) : a member of a council, vir or homo senatorius ; senator : a member of a community, civis : a member of a family, gentilis (belonging to a gens) ; homo de alicujus stirpe : the members of a family, domus : a member of a party or faction, vir factionis : a member of a society, socius (especially of a society for business) : sodalis (especially of a society for feasting) : homo ejusdem corporis (a member of the same corporation, etc. ; vid. Livius, 4, 57 : so also, nostri or sui corporis homines, vid. Livius, 6, 34 ; or simply nostri, sui, vid. Livius, 4, 57) : to be a member of an academy, * academiæ socium ascribi : to become a member of a league, alicui consilio contribui (of a people, etc).
MEMBERSHIP, communio ; communitas ; societas ; conjunctio ; consociatio atque communitas.
MEMBRANE, || Of animals, membrana (Cicero) ; cuticula (Juvenalis) ; membranula (Celsus) : natura oculos tenuissimis membranis vestivit (Cicero, membranes). || Of plants, folliculus (Varro).
MEMBRANEOUS, membranaceus (Plinius) : Cf. , not membraneus ; i. e. , of parchment, Pand. MEMOIR, * libellus in memoriam alicujus compositus ; * libri de vita alicujus acta scripti (or liber – scriptus) ; laudatio (a panegyric ; Cf. , elogium, an epitaph) : to write a memoir, vitam alicujus narrare, enarrare ; de vita alicujus exponere : to publish a memoir of anybody, librum de vita alicujus edere, vitas memoriam componere (Suetonius, Claud. , 1).
MEMORABLE, notabilis (remarkable ; of things ; Cf. , of persons, first in the Silver Age) : memorabilis, commemorabilis, commemorandus, memoratu dignus (worth mentioning) : memoria dignus, memorabilis, memoriæ prodendus (worthy of record), historia dignus (worth relating ; therefore, also, worth knowing ; vid. Cicero, Att. , 2, 8, 1 ; all these of things) : insignis (remarkable, distinguished, of persons or things) : nothing memorable occurred, nihil memoria dignum actum : this year will be memorable for, hic annus insignis erit hac re. MEMORANDUM, nota : memorandum book, liber memorials (Suetonius) ; commentarius (Cicero) ; commentarium : to enter in a memorandum book, in commentarium referre ; aliquid memoriæ causa referre in libellum.
MEMORIAL, adjective, memorials, or with the substantive.
MEMORIAL, s. , || A monument, monumentum. || An address of solicitation, libellus supplex (Mart. ), or simply libellus (Cicero) ; literæ supplices.
MEMORY, || The faculty, memoria : natural memory, naturalis memoria (opposed to artificiosa memoria ; vid. Auct. ad Her. , 3, 16, 29) : a system of artificial memory : artificium memoriæ (Auct. , ad Her. , 3, 16, 28) : an excellent memory, memoria singularis : a retentive memory, memoria tenax : to have a good memory, memoria valere, vigere : a liar ought to have a good memory, mendacem memorem esse oportet (Quintilianus, 4, 2, 91 ; Appuleius, Apol. , p. 318, 32) : not to have
a good memory, * parum valere memoria : my memory fails me, memoria mihi non constat ; memoria labat ; memoria labor ; memoria me deficit : aliquid mihi non suppetit : to have in memory, in memoria habere, tenere, memoria complecti : to retain in memory, in memoria custodire ; memoriam alicujus rei retinere : to impress upon the memory, memoriæ tradere, mandare, committere, (strongly) memoriæ inrigere : to commit to memory, memoriæ mandare, tradere, committere, infigere : to repeat or recite from memory, memoriter pronunciare, recitare ; ex memoria exponere : to recal a thing to the memory of another, alicui aliquid revocare, reducere in memoriam ; recognoscere aliquid cum aliquo : to recal a thing to one’s own memory, reminiscendo recognoscere : to banish from one’s memory, aliquid ex memoria deponere ; memoriam alicujus rei deponere or abjicere ; evellere aliquid e memoria. || Remembrance, memoria : to leave a memory of his name, memoriam sui relinquere : to cherish the memory of [vid. CHERISH]. || A memorial, monument, monumentum.
MENACE, v. , minari, minitari (Cicero) ; minis uti : to menace with anything, comminari alicui aliquid. intentare alicui aliquid.
MENACE, s. , minatio (act of menacing) : minæ, plural (threatening words, etc. ) ; verbum minax (Ovidius).
MENACING, minax, minans, minitans (Cicero) ; minitabundus (Livius) : a menacing letter, literæ minaces.
MENAGERY, vivarium (Plinius).
MEND, TRANS. , || To repair, sarcire, resarcire (to mend what is torn) : reconcinnare (to put properly together again, to repair) : to mend a garment, vestem resarcire, reconcinnare. || To amend, correct, melius facere or conficere ; corrigere ; emendare. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) corrigere et emendare ; emendare et corrigere. [SYN. in AMEND. ] INTRANS. , || To grow better in health, meliorem fieri ; ex morbo convalescere ; ex incommoda valetudine emergere ; I am beginning to mend, meliuscule est mihi. || To improve (of fortune, etc. ), esse in meliore loco. || To improve in morals or conduct, mores suos mutare ; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire or revocari ; ad bonam frugem se recipere.
MENDACIOUS, mendax ; mendaciis assuetus ; vanus ; totus ex mendacio factus (of persons) : mendax, faisus, vanus, commentarius (of things).
MENDACITY, vaniloquentia (Livius) ; vanitas (opposed to veritas, Cicero).
MENDICANT, adjective, mendi̅cus (that has a claim on the benevolence of others, πτωχός) : ege̅nus, in prose usually egens (without common necessaries, ἐνδεής) : to be mendicant, in summa egestate or mendicitate esse ; in summa, mendicitate vivere ; vitam in egestate degere : to be reduced to a mendicant state, ad mendicitatem redigi ; ad pudendam paupertatem delabi : to make anyone mendicant, omnibus bonis evertere ; ad rerum omnium inopiam redigere : a mendicant monk, monachus stipem cogens (after Cicero, De Legg. , 2, 9, 22) : monachus mendicus (after Horatius, Sat. 1, 2, 2) ; * monachus mendicans.
MENDICANT, s. , mendicus. Vid. also, BEGGAR.
MENDICITY, mendicitas (πτωχεία) : egestas (general term, want of necessaries). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) egestas ac mendicitas. Vid. also, BEGGARY.
MENIAL, servilis : a menial office, munus servile : a menial servant, servus (-a), famulus (-a).
MENSTRUAL,
MENSTRUOUS, menstruus (Cicero) ; menstrualis (Plautus).
MENSURABLE, quod metiri possumus ; quod metiendo assequi licet.
MENSURATION, || The art of measuring, ars metiendi, dimetiendi (practical) : mensurarum ratio (theoretical) : to understand mensuration, mensurarum rationem nosse. || The practice of measuring, dimensio, metatio (measurement) ; of verses, modificatio versuum. Or by the verbs.
MENTAL, mostly by genitive, mentis, animi or ingenii : mental delights, animi voluptates, or delectationes : sometimes tacitus (silent) : to be condemned by a mental censure, tacita existimatione reprehendi : mental power, ingenium (talents, genius) : sollertia (mental dexterity, practical genius) : docilitas (power of learning, of improving) : ingenii facultas (talent for a particular pursuit : Cf. , not talents, collectively, which is ingenium) : facultas with genitive (power to do anything ; e. g. , to speak, dicendi) : mental powers, ingenium, facultates (Cicero, De Invent. , 1, 27, extr. ) : animi vis, virtus : hominis sollertia : to cultivate one’s mental power, animum mentemque excolere. To be a person of considerable mental power, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abundare.
MENTALLY, mente ; animo ; cogitatione.
MENTION, s. , commemoratio (of something previously existing) : mentio (general term) : cursory mention, interjectio verborum (Auct. , ad Her. , 1, 6, 9) : to make mention of a thing, mentionem facere alicujus rei or de re [vid. To MENTION] : to make mention of anyone, in commemoratione alicujus versari (vid. Cicero, Brut. , 49, 181) : to make grateful mention of anybody, aliquem grata commemoratione celebrare.
MENTION, v. , || To notice or signify in words, memorare, commemorare, rem or de re (to utter a previous thought) : meminisse (to show that one has not forgotten a thing). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) meminisse et commemorare ; mentionem alicujus rei habere (to entertain a thought, and to utter it) : mentionem facere alicujus rei or de re, mentionem alicujus rei movere, inferre, injicere (to cause the hearer to have or to renew an idea) : to mention casually, (casu) in mentionem alicujus rei incĭdere : to mention in pussing, mentionem alicujus rei inchoare (Livius, 29, 23) : to mention frequently, mentionem alicujus rei agitare ; crebro or crebris sermonibus aliquid usurpare : without mentioning, etc. , ut omittam, quod, etc. ; ne dicam, quod, etc. : not to mention all these circumstances, etc. , omissis (or remotis) his rebus omnibus : not to mention this, that, etc. , ut taceam, ut sileam, followed by an accusative and infinitive ; ut prætermittam, followed by quod or an accusative andinfinitive ; præterquam or præter id, quod, etc. || To acquaint, inform ; vid. INFORM.
MEPHITIC, fœtidus ; male olens.
MERCANTILE, mercatorius (Plautus, Bacch. , 2, 3, 2) : usually by the genitive, mercatoris (of a merchant), or mercatorum (of merchants).
MERCENARY, adjective, mercedis avidus ; præter modum appetens : illiberalis et sordidus (with reference to things or persons) : a mercenary spirit, nimium merce̅dis studium ; merce̅dis aviditas.
MERCENARY, s. , mercenarius ; conducticius : a mercenary (i. e. , paid soldier), miles mercenarius ; mercede conductus : the mercenaries, catervæ conducticiæ (Nepos, Chabr. , 1, 2) ; exercitus conducticius (not conductus) : to serve as a mercenary, mercede militari (Curtius, 6, 5, 7) : to have or employ mercenaries, milite mercenario uti (Livius, 5, 4) : mercenaries, i. e. , hired workmen, operæ mercenariæ, or mercede conductæ (Cicero). MERCER, Silk-mercer, sericarius negotiator (inscriptions, Orell. ), or simply sericarius (inscriptions, Fabr. ) : a mercer’s shop, taberna sericaria : offici̅na vestium promercalium (if dresses are made there). MERCERY, Silk-mercery, negotiatio sericaria.
MERCHANDISE, mercatura (especially, wholesale dealings ; trade of a merchant who goes to sea) : mercatio (a buying and selling, Gellius, 3, 3) : negotium, or plural negotia (business which one follows, especially of a money-lender or corn-merchant) : commercium (commerce, traffic) ; article of merchandise, merx (goods) : res venales (things for sale) : to be an article of merchandise, in merce esse.
MERCHANT, qui rem gerit et lucrum facit (general term, one who follows a business for gain) : mercator (especially a wholesale dealer, who sails in his own ship) : negotiator (an agent for the supply of corn, business of exchange, etc. ) : to be a considerable merchant, non ignobilem mercaturam facere.
MERCHANTMAN (ship), navis mercatoria (Plautus, Bacch. , 2, 3, 2) : navis rotunda (opposed to navis longa ; i. e. , a ship of war) : navis oneraria (general term, a ship of burden).
MERCIFUL, misericors (the proper word) : benignus, beneficus (kind, benevolent) : to be merciful, misericordia commotum or captum esse : to be merciful toward anybody, misericordem se præbere alicui ; misericordem esse in aliquem.
MERCIFULLY, cum misericordia (Cf. , misericorditer, unclassical) : to deal mercifully with anybody, misericordia uti in aliquem ; misericordem se præbere in aliquem. MERCILESS, immisericors ; durus ; ferreus (without feeling). MERCILESSLY, immisericorditer ; duriter.
MERCURY, || The planet so called, Mercurius. || Quicksilver, argentum vivum (Plinius, Vitruvius, in its natural state) : hydrargy̆rus (Plinius) : mercurius (technical term, prepared). || A plant, mercurialis (Linnæus).
MERCY, || Compassion, misericordia ; animus misericors : to show mercy to, misericordiam alicui impertire, tribuere : that cannot hope for mercy, cui omnes aditus misericordiæ præclusi sunt (Cicero, Verr. , 5, 8, 21) : the brethren (sisters) of mercy, * monachi (monachæ) ægrotorum et egentium curatores, curatrices. [Vid. also, COMPASSION. ] || Clemency, clementia ; mansuetudo : lenitas ; indulgentia. [SYN. in CLEMENCY. ] To show mercy to anybody, clementer agere cum aliquo ; clementer tractare aliquem ; gratiam
facere delicti.
MERE, solus (not more, and not fewer) : merus (pure, without foreign addition ; e. g. , nugæ) : sincerus (pure, genuine, nothing else than ; e. g. , equestre prœlium). “Mere” is also, expressed in Latin by ipse (before its noun) ; e. g. , by a mere look, ipso aspectu (Nepos Iph. , 3, 1).
MERELY (only), solum ; tantum ; tantum modo. Or by the adjective.
MERETRICIOUS, Properly, meretricius ; impudicus ; libidinosus. Figuratively, * quo aliquis facile decipi possit : illecebrosus.
MERETRICIOUSLY, Properly, libidinose (Cicero) ; meretricum more or modo. Figuratively, illecebiose ; or rather by the substantive, illecebræ.
MERGE, Vid. DIP, SINK.
MERIDIAN, || Mid-day, meridies ; tempus meridianum. || Supposed circle which the sun passes at noon, circulus meridianus (Seneca, N. Q. , 5, 17, 3) ; and simply meridianus (Velleius, Horatius) : the line of meridian, linea æquinoctialis or meridiana ; or simply meridiana (Vitruvius, 9, 5) : Figuratively, Height, summit, summum ; fastigium ; summum culmen (Livius).
MERIDIONAL, meridianus (Cicero).
MERIT, s. , meritum (that whereby one has deserved well) : dignitas, virtus (weight of character) : laus (that which is attributed to us as an excellence) : merces, -e̅dis ; operæ pretium (reward deserved) : according to merit, merito ; pro merito ; pro dignitate : a man of great merit, vir præstans virtute (Cicero, Off. , 2, 12) : to commend anything accusative to its merit, ex vero celebrare aliquid (Sallustius) : the merits of a case, ratio : to lay up a stock of merits, de aliquo optime, præciare, mirifice merere (Cf. , merita sibi colligere, parare comparare are not Latin). κυρικιμασαηικο MERIT, v. , merere (to earn) mereri (to deserve) : promerere (rare) : dignum esse aliqua re ; demerere ; commerere (usually in a bad sense ; but demerere in a good sense).
MERITED, debitus ; meritus (due, deserved) : merited punishment, debita or merita pœna.
MERITORIOUS, mercede, præmio dignus ; præclare or mirifice meritus (Cicero).
MERITORIOUSLY, bene ; optime ; or rather with the verb ; e. g. , hac re optime meruisti, meritus es.
MERLE, merula (Linnæus). MERLIN, falco æsalon (Linnæus).
MERRILY, hilare ; hilariter ; læte.
MERRY, hilaris ; hilarus ; lætus ; gaudio or lætitia affectus ; lætitia plenus ; gaudio perfusus ; lætitia gestiens : to be merry, hilarari, lætitia affici (Cicero) ; exhilarari (Columella).
MERRY-ANDREW,
MERRY-MAKER, homo jocosus, ridiculus (general term a jester) : coprea (a kind of court fool) : sannio (a buffoon who made sport by gesticulations ; he had his head shorn, and wore a dress of patch-work ; and general term) : scurra (a wit) : maccus (the hirlequin in Atellane plays of the Romans ; after Diom. 488, Putsch. ).
MERRY-MAKING, voluptas ; gaudium.
MESENTERIC, * mesentericus, or by the genitive, mesenterii ; e. g. , vena or arteria mesenterii (technical term).
MESH, s. , || Interstice of a net, macula (Cicero). || A net, vid.
MESH, v. , (To catch as in a net), illaqueare ; irretire ; capere aliquem aliqua re.
MESHY, * maculis plenus ; reticulatus (made like a net, Varro).
MESMERIZE, manuum contrectatione mulcere or permulcere.
MESS, s. , || Portion of food, demensum annonæ (militaris, Juvenalis). || Number of persons who eat together, couvivæ, plural ; convictus, sodalitium : a mess-mate, convictor ; convivator ; compransor : to have anybody for one’s mess-mate, habere aliquem in convictu (Nepos). || A hotch-potch, farrago ; perturbatio et confusio rerum. || State of dirt [vid. DIRT]. || A position of difficulty (in low colloquial language), res miseræ : to be in a desperate mess, pessimo loco sunt res alicujus ; miseræ, afflictæ, sunt alicujus res ; pessime agitur cum aliquo.
MESS (with), v. , habere aliquem in convictu ; convictore uti aliquo.
MESSAGE, nuntius : mandatum : to bear or bring a message, nuntium ferre (Livius), afferre, perferre (Cicero) ; mandatum ferre (Ovidius) ; referre (Cæsar) : to receive a very welcome message, optatissimum nuntium accipere (opposed to malum nuntium audire).
MESSENGER, nuntius (one who brings an oral message) : * tabellarius (one who carries letters) : an evil messenger, nuntius malus, tristis : a swift messenger, nuntius volucer : messenger after messenger came and to ld, etc. , crebri nuntii afferebant etc. : to inform one by letter or by a messenger, per literas aut per nuntium certiorem facere aliquem.
MESSIAH,
Messias, -æ.
MESSMATE, contubernalis alicujus : an old mess-mate, veteris contubernii amicus (Lactantius). Vid. also, MESS.
METAL, metallum (Plinius ; æs, brass) : abounding in metal, metallis ferax ; metallifer (Silius). METALLIC, metallicus (general term, Plinius) : æreus, æneus (of brass) : aureus, argenteus (of gold, silver). METALLURGY, * metallurgia (technical term) ; * scientia metallorum.
METAMORPHOSE, v. , transformare ; transfigurare aliquid (Plinius, Suetonius) ; formare or fingere aliquid in aliam. formam, figuram, speciem (after Cicero) : to metamorphose into anything, rem mutare, vertere, convertere, transformare (Ovidius) ; or transfigurare (Plinius), in aliquid : in nova corpora mutare formas (rerum ; Ovidius) : to be metamorphosed, mutari, verti, converti (to be transformed ; Cicero) ; transformari (Ovidius) ; transfigurari (Plinius).
METAMORPHOSIS, s. , mutatio ; transfiguratio (Plinius, Cf. , rare) : transitus in aliam figuram (Plinius, 4, 36, 43) ; plural, transformationes (translation of metamorphoses) ; formæ in nova corpora mutatæ (Ovidius).
METAPHOR, translatio (μεταφορά) verba translata, plural : figura (Cicero, De Opt. Gen. Orat. , 5, p. in. ; sententiæ et eorum formæ, tamquam figuræ ; but from Cicero this technical use of the word soon became common). Bold metaphors, translationes audaciores : clashing metaphors (Addison), inconsequentia translationum (after Quintilianus, 8, 6, 50).
METAPHORICAL, translatus.
METAPHORICALLY, metaphorice ; per translationem ; translatis verbis (e. g. , to speak, etc. ). To use a word metaphorically, verbum transferre.
METAPHRASE, Vid. TRANSLATION.
METAPHYSICAL, * metaptysicus (technical term). METAPHYSICALLY, * metaphysice (technical term). METAPHYSICS, * metaphysica, -orum (philosophical). METE, Vid. MEASURE.
METEMPSYCHOSIS, metempsychosis (Tertullianus). Better, migratio animarum in alia corpora ; or animarum post mortem ab aliis ad alios transitio ; after Cæsar, B. G. , 6, 14, Druides volunt persuadere, non interire animas, sed ab aliis post mortem transire ad alios.
METEOR, ostentum in cœlo animadversum (after Cicero, Div. , 1, 43, 97) ; meteoron (technical term) ; plural, phænomena (Tertullianus). Strange meteors, inusitata quæ oriuntur e cœlo (after Cicero, Div. , 1, 42, 93). METEOROLOGY, * meteorologia (technical term). METHINKS, ut mihi videtur : (ut) opinor :
Methinks I see you, te videre videor (Cicero) : methinks I see this city in a blaze, videor mihi hanc urbem videre incendio concidentem (Cicero, Cat. , 4, 6, 11).
METHOD, ratio, via. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) ratio et via (Cf. , very rarely ; only once in Cicero) : via et ratio (way and manner in which one does a thing) : modus (way and manner in which anything takes place) (Cf. , methodus is quite unclassical). The mathematical method, mathematicorum ratio (m respect of strict proof ; also with necessaria, Cicero, De Fin. , 5, 4, 9) : the Socratic method, disserendi ratio a Socrate profecta (Cicero, De N. D. , 1, 5, 11) : I invented this method, primus inveni hanc viam : there is method in his madness, cum ratione insanit (Terentianus). Ernesti says, nova et pulcherrima ratione literas tradere (by a new and excellent method). Wyttenbach has recta progrediundi ratio dutbus continetur partibus (the right method of proceeding consists in two particulars). METHODICAL, By circumlocution with ratio, ratio et via, etc. ; e. g. , a methodical delivery, disserendi ratio : a methodical book of instruction, liber quo res artificio et via traduntur (after Cicero, De Fin. , 4, 4, 10) : a methodical person, qui omnia ratione et via agit.
METHODICALLY, ratione et via, via et ratione (according to a way of one’s own) : artificio et via, via et arte (conformably to art). To deliver anything methodically, aliquid artificio et via tradere : to speak methodically, via, et ratione, via et arte dicere.
METHODIST, * methodista (technical term). METHODISTICALLY, by circumlocution with the substantive.
METONYMICAL, metonymicus (grammatical). METONYMICALLY, verbis mutatis or immutatis (after Cicero). To use a word metonymically, verbum mutare, inimutare ; verbum pro verbo quasi commutare (Cicero, Or. , 27, 93). The grammarians say, also, metonymice ; per metonymiam.
METONYMY, metonymia (Fest. ) ; immutatio, verba mutata (translation of the Greek, Cicero, Or. , 27, 93, where it is distinguished from translatio, metaphor). METRE, metrum (the measure of syllables) : versus (kind of versification) : For the sake of the metre, metri causa ; metri necessitate coactus : to write in the metre of Tibullus, componere aliquid Tibulli metro
(Mart. ). METRICAL, metricus. The metrical laws, lex versuum ; leges metricæ.
METRICALLY, legibus metricis (according to the laws of metre) : lege versuum (according to the laws of verse). METROPOLIS, caput (Tacitus, Livius) ; urbs nobilissima (Justinus) : Cf. , not urbs capitalis : (as the seat of government), sedes ac domicilium imperii ; also, (according to the Roman manner) urbs. (Cf. , urbs præcipua or princeps, a chief town, especially when speaking of several).
METROPOLITAN, adjective, by circumlocution with the substantive.
METROPOL1TAN, s. , (Archbishop), * episcoporum princeps.
METTLE, animus ; animus ferox ; virtus ; spiritus feroces (plural).
METTLESOME, animosus ; ferox ; acer.
MEW, s. , || An enclosure, cavea ; claustrum. || Cry of a cat, * vox felis. || A kind of sea-fowl, larus (Linnæus). MEW, v. , || To shed (feathers), plumas ponere or exuere. || To cry as a cat, * queri, * gemere (felire ; Auct. Carm. , Philom. , 50 ; of the panther). To mew like a cat, vocem felis imitari. || Mew up, includere, concludere in aliquem locum or in aliquo loco (Cicero).
MICA, phengi̅tes lapis ; phengites (vid. Plinius, 36, 22, 46, where phengites candidus is distinguished from phengites flavus) : Cf. , mica, in this sense, is modern.
MICHAELMAS, festum Michaëlis ; or, more exactly, festum omnium angelorum (September 29), to distinguish it from festum apparitionis St. Michaëlis archangeli (May 8).
MICROCOSM, Use the Greek word.
MICROSCOPE, * microscopium (technical term). To look through a microscope, armatis oculis spectare aliquid (Kraft, after Ruhnken) ; aliquid aspicere per vitrum (Mühlmann, after Seneca, Q. N. ) ; * aliquid aspicere per microscopium, * microscopium adhibere rei.
MID-DAY, meridies (properly and figuratively) : tempus meridianum (properly) : horæ meridianæ (properly and figuratively ; vid. Ruhnken. , Sen. , N. Q. , 3, præf. 3). Toward mid-day, ad meridiem : at mid-day, meridie ; tempore mendiano : to set out at mid-day, per meridiem proficisci.
MIDDLE, adjective, medius. [Vid. MEAN. ]
Middle age, media ætas (Cicero) : the middle order, (a) in rank ; opposed to the nobles or the people, ordo plebeius, plebs, homines plebeii generis (generally, the order of citizens ; the former, of the order itself ; the two latter, of individuals) : plebs ingenua (of the higher orders of citizen, Tacitus, Ann. , 4, 27, extr. ; usually termed, by Livy, principes, primores, or capita plebis; opposed to the infimi ; vid. 6, 34 ; 4, 60 ; 2, 1 ; 10, 6) : of the middle order, plebeii generis ; plebeius : (b) in respect of property, homines modice locupletes. (Cf. , Neither homines mediocres in Cicero, De Orat. , 1, 21, 94, nor vir mediocris, in Justin. , 1, 2, 4, refers to rank or order, but to mental endowments).
MIDDLE, s. , medius alicujus rei locus (e. g. , of the earth, medius mundi universi locus) : media alicujus rei pars (obsolate in oblique cases, locus or pars often omitted ; e. g. , in medio or in media urbis).
Mostly by medius in agreement : the middle of the line, media acies : the middle of the island, media insula : to break through the middle of the enemy’s line, per mediam aciem hostium perrumpere : to be situate in the middle of any place, in medio aliquo loco situm esse. Cf. , 1. Avoid centrum, except for the centre of a circle. Pliny has centrum cœli, solis, terræ, etc. , but these bodies were supposed ” disks. ” Cicero uses, for the centre of the earth, medius terræ locus. 2. Avoid umbilicus, which Cicero uses only of Greek places, as a translation of the Greek ὄμφαλος. MIDDLING, mediocris ; modicus ; medius.
MIDNIGHT, media nox (Cf. , medium noctis is not Latin). At or about midnight, mediâ nocte ; concubiâ nocte : immediately after midnight, de mediâ nocte.
MIDRIFF, Vid. DIAPHRAGM.
MIDST, Vid. MIDDLE, s.
MIDSUMMER, æstas media (Cicero) ; æstas summa (after midsummer).
MIDWIFE, obstetrix, obstetri̅cis. The office of a midwife, opera, quam obstetrix præstat ; opera obstetricia.
MIDWIFERY, * ars obstetrica (Ern. ) ; * doctrina de præstandâ parturientibus operâ.
MIEN, vultus ; os ; aspectus ; visus ; forma ; facies ; species. SYN. , etc. , in AIR = MIEN, MANNER, LOOK.
MIGHT, Vid. POWER.
MIGHTILY, valde (very much) ; vehementer (powerfully, strongly).
MIGHTY, potens (that has power and exercises it) : pollens (generally, that has great power and means). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pollens potensque : opibus valens, opulentus (that has great wealth and influence) : opibus firmus, firmus (strong) : amplus (of great extent) : magnus (general term, great). Very mighty, præpotens ; præpollens ; potentissimus ; opulentissimus ; magno imperio præditus : mighty and flourishing, potens et florens, gravis et opulentus (of persons or states) : amplus et florens (of states) : mighty by land, pollens terra ; qui copiis pedestribus valet : mighty by sea, pollens mari ; qui classe valet : a mighty king, rex potens or opulentus ; rex firmus opibus ; a mighty kingdom, regnum opulentum : to be mighty, potentem esse ; largiter posse ; opibus valere, pollere ; opibus, armis et potentia valere : to be very mighty, magnas opes habere ; copiis et opibus affluere.
MIGNONETTE, rese̅da (Plinius, 27, 12).
MIGRATE, migrare, transmigrare (in locum).
MIGRATION, migratio (Cicero and Livius) ; transmigratio (Prudentius).
MIGRATORY, * qui migrat or migrare solet.
MILCH-COW, * vacca quæ lac habet. Cf. , Bos lactarius, Varro, R. R. , 2, 1, 17 = a bullock that is still sucking.
MILD, || Soft, smooth, gentle, mollis (not hard or harsh; opposed to durus, acer) : mitis (not sharp or severe, opposed to asper) : lenis (not violent; opposed to asper, vehemens) : temperatus (moderate, not too warm or too cold ; of climate and the seasons; opposed to frigidus or calidus) : levis (light, not oppressive; opposed to gravis). To call anything by a mild term, molli nomine appellare aliquid : to give a milder name to a thing, lenius nomen alicui rei imponere : to grow or become mild (of winter, etc. ) mitescere : to make or render mild, mollem, etc. , facere, reddere rem. || Gentle, clement, indulgent, mollis (not hard-hearted, opposed to acer) : mitis (not harsh, not severe, gentle, opposed to asper) : lenis (gentle; opposed to vehemens, asper, acer) : mansuetus (opposed to ferus, immanis) : clemens (merciful and lenient; opposed to severus, crudelis) : misencors (compassionate; opposed to durus) : facilis (easy) : indulgens (indulgent, opposed to acerbus et severus) : placidus (calm ; opposed to fervidus, iracundus) : benignus (kind) : beneficus (beneficent). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) mitis et mansuetus (opposed to ferus et immanis) : lenis et mansuetus (opposed to vehemens et atrox) : clemens et misericors (opposed to crudelis et durus) : clemens et mansuetus (opposed to crudelis et inhumanus) : placidus et lenis.
Mild manners, mores placidi ; mores temperati et moderati : a mild rebuke, castigatio clemens ; to pass a mild judgement on anyone, se clementem in aliquem præbere (general term ; also as a judge) : clementer scribere de aliquo (in a letter) : in a mild manner, leniter ; clementer ; benigne : to make or render mild mollem, etc. , facere, reddere. || Not harsh in flavor, mollis (not pungent ; opposed to acer) : mitis (not sour ; the proper word of fruit that is ripe or mellow ; opposed to acerbus ; cf. Gesn. , Varr. , R. R. , 1, 68) : lenis (opposed to asper and acer ; of wine and food) : dulcis (sweet ; opposed to austerus, of drink). To make or render mild, mollire ; mitigare ; lenire : to become mild (of fruit), mitescere.
MILDEW, robigo (Columella, blight on corn) : mucor, situs (mould). To gather mildew, mucorem contrahere ; situm ducere.
MILDLY, molliter (softly) leniter (gently) : clementer ; indulgenter (with clemency).
MILDNESS, lenitas (gentleness ; of a thing or of a person; opposed to asperitas) : animus, lenis, ingenium lene (gentleness ; of character) : clemetnia (opposed to crudelitas) : mansuetudo (opposed to feritas, immanitas) : misericordia (compassion ; opposed to animus durus) : facilitas (a yielding disposition) : indulgentia (indulgence ; opposed to severitas) : benignitas, beneficentia (kind disposition, good-nature).
Mildness of government, dementia et mansuetudo imperii.
MILE. || Roman, mille passuum, passus mille (consisting of a thousand paces of five feet each, therefore = 5000 feet, i. e. , about 1618 English yards, being 142 yards less than the English mile) ; plural, millia passuum, or simply millia (with mention of the number of miles) : milliarium spatium (the length of a thousand paces ; also, in plural, of several such spaces) : milliarium (sc. marmor) lapis (a mile-stone ; hence, to denote distances). A useful pian by which we can know how many miles we have gone, ratio non inutilis, qua scire possimus, quot millia numero itineris fecerimus (Vitruvius, 10, 9 [14], 1) ; ita (calculus) et sonitu et numero indicabit milliaria spatia navigationis (how many miles we have sailed ; ib. , § 7) : A mile from Alexandria, a primo milliario Alexandriæ (Ulpianus, Dig. , 28, 5, 4, § 1) : the Veientes and Fidenates, who live
respectively six and eighteen miles from Rome, Veientes et Fidenates, quorum alii sexto milliario absunt ab urbe Roma, alii octavo decimo (Eutropius, 1, 4) : he is buried in the Appian road, five miles from the city, sepultus est juxta viam Appiam, ad quintum lapidem (Nepos, Att. , 22, extr. ) : both the town and the estates are more than a hundred and fifty miles from Rome), et municipium et agri sunt ultra centesimum et quinquagesimum lapidem (Plinius, Ep. , 10, 24, extr. ) : a mile long, milliarius (Suetonius, Ner. , 31) : he was making a canal from Lake Avernus to Ostia, a hundred and sixty miles long, inchoabat fossam ab Averno Ostiam usque longitudinis per centum sexaginta millia (sc. passuum, Suetonius, Ner. , 31). (It is obvious that the same phraseology may be employed with reference to English miles, when the context sufficiently determines the sense. ) MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium (Linnæus).
MILITANT, qui pugnat, etc. ; circumlocution by the verb or substantive.
MILITARY, militaris : in a military manner, militariter (general term) : more militari (after the manner of a soldier) : more militiæ (as in warfare, according to military rules) : instituto militari, exemplo militari (as is usual with soldiers).
Military abilities, virtus imperatoria (of the general) : military renown, belli (or bellica) gloria or laus ; gloria militaris ; rei militaris laus : great military renown, excellens in re militari gloria : to possess military renown, belli gloria or bellica laude florere : military affairs, res bellicæ (relating to war) : res militaris, militia (relating to soldiers and their duties) : to have great skill in military affairs, summam scientiam or magnam prudentiam rei militaris habere : military school, ludus militaris (properly, a school of cadets, etc. ) : militiæ disciplina (figuratively, field service itself, as training soldiers ; vid. Cicero, Manil. , 10, 28) : military discipline [vid. DISCIPLINE] : the military, milites (general term, soldiers ; also, as opposed to citizens, etc. , Plinius, Ep. , 10, 27, 2) : copiæ, exercitus (troops, forces, an army) : homines militares (experienced soldiers ; vid. Herzog, Sall. , Cat. , 45, 2) : to discharge anyone from military service, alicui militiæ vacationem dare (if not yet a soldier) : aliquem militia solvere (if a soldier) : to bury with military honors, aliquem militari honesto funere humare : Cf. , Militia for soldiers, the military, is foreign to classical prose, even if it can be proved to be so used earlier than Justin.
MILITATE (against), repugnare ; pugnare (with a dative in poets).
MILITIA, * milites or copiæ provinciales ; and perhaps populares armati (Curtius, 8, 2, 20).
MILK, s. , lac. Of milk = made of milk, like milk, lacteus : cows’ milk, lac vaccinum, bubulcum : goats’ milk, lac caprinum : new milk, lac recens : curdled milk, lac concretum : sour milk, oxygăla : the milk curdles, lac coit (general term) : lac coagulatur (by means of rennet) : the milk becomes thick, lac spissatur : to turn to or become milk, lactescere : bread and milk, opus lactarium (Lamprid. ) : cibus e lacte confectus (Jan. ).
MILK, v. , mulgere (e. g. , capras, oves) ; also absolutely, mulgere : ubera siccare (Horatius) ; ubera pressare palmis (Vergilius).
MILKER, * qui, quæ, mulget.
MILKING, s. , mulctus, -ûs.
MILKMAN, * qui lac vendit.
MILK-PAIL, mulctra (Columella) ; mulctrarium (Vergilius, Georg. , 3, 177, where some editions have mulctralia, plural) : mulctrum (Horatius). MILKY, lacteus :
Milky-white, lacteus ; lacteo colore : the Milky-Way, orbis lacteus (Cicero, Somn. , Scip. , 3) : lacteus circulus (Plinius, 2, 25, 23, § 91, etc. ) : via lactea (Ovidius, Met. , 1, 169).
MILL, mola (moletri̅na, Cato, ap. Non. In ancient times they were turned either by the hand, mola manuaria, versatilis, or trusatilis ; or by an ass, mola asinaria ; by some other beast of draught, jumentaria ; or by water, mill aquaria or aquæ) : pistrinum (the place or building where the grain was originally pounded in mortars, but afterward ground ; it was also, the bakehouse, and place for foddering cattle. The mill being turned by slaves, it was also used as a place of punishment). To turn a mill, molas circumagere : belonging or relating to a mill, molaris ; pistrinalis : the wheel of a mill turns, * molæ rota agitatur : an ass that works in a mill, asinus molaris : a wind-mill, mola venti (after mola aquæ, Code Justinian, 2, 42, 10).
MILL-CLAPPER, * molæ crepitaculum.
MILL-HOPPER, infundibulum.
MILL-HORSE (with the Romans an ass), asinus molarius (Caio, R. R. , 11, 1 ; Varro, R. R. , 1, 19, 3), or molendarius (Paullus, Dig. , 33, 7, 18, § 2).
MILL-STONE, lapis molaris (the kind of stone used for mill-stones, pyrites, silex, pumex ; “a volcanic trachyte or porous lava, ” Dictionary of Antiquities) : mola (each mill had two such molæ ; of which the upper was catillus ; the lower meta). Proverbially, to see through a mill-stone, lynce̅um esse : oculos acres atque acutos habere.
MILL-STREAM, * rivus, or aqua molam agens, or versans.
MILLER, molitor ; molendarius (both late ; one who grinds in a mill ; the baker, pistor, usually, of course, ground his own corn) : * moderator molæ venti (of a windmill). To hire one’s self to a miller, pistori operam locare.
MILLET, milium (Columella) ; panicum miliaceum (Linnæus).
MILLINER, * qui (quæ) quæstum facit mercibus ad cultum et nitidioris vitæ instrumenta pertinentibus, or * qui (quæ) mundi muliebris officinam exercet.
MILLION, decies centena millia. Two, three millions, vicies, tricies centena millia : a million times, decies centies millies (properly) ; sexcenties, millies (= times out of number).
MILT, || The spleen, splen (Plinius) ; lien (Celsus). || Of fish, lactes (Suetonius, Vit. , 14) ; semen (Columella).
MIME, mimus (Cicero).
MIMIC, adjective, mimicus. A mimic dancer, mimus (Cicero) ; saltationis artifex (Suetonius, Tit. , 7).
MIMIC, s. , artis mimicæ peritus (general term) ; imitator ineptus, ridiculus ; simia (Horatius, one who practises mimicry).
MIMIC, v. , perverse aliquid imitari (Cicero).
MIMICRY, perversa, inepta, ridicula imitatio.
MINCE, Properly, concidere ; minute or minutatim concidere ; minutatim or particulatim consecare : minced meat, minutal (vid. Juvenalis, 14, 129). Figuratively, to mince matters, dicendo extenuare et abjicere aliquid (Cicero).
MIND, animus (general term, the whole soul or spiritual nature ; also, more particularly, reason, sentiment, or will, or any special state of mind, as courage, anger, pleasure, pride, propensity or favorable inclination) : mens (reason or intellect, or thought, considered as guiding the will ; ea quæ latet in animis hominum, quæque pars animi mens vocatur, Cicero, Rep. , 2, 40 ; mens, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est, Cicero, Tusc. , 3, 5) : natura, ingenium (the character, inclinations, and sentiments). The feelings or sensations of our minds, animi qui nostræ mentis sunt : a mind at variance with itself, animus a seipso dissidens secumque discordans : a calm or tranquil mind, animus tranquillatus or tranquillus : to bring anything to one’s mind, alicui aliquid ad animum revocare ; aliquem de re monere : a man of firm mind, homo constans : it is the mark of a little and empty mind, that he, etc. , illud pusilli animi, jejuni atque inanis, quod, etc. : I know his mind very well, ego illius sensum pulchre calleo (comic) : a person’s mind and habits, alicujus ingenium et mores : strength of mind, animi vis (mental power) ; * magnum, quo aliquis valet ingenium ; ingenii præstantia : weakness of mind, imbecillitas animi (but animi infirmitas is indecision of character) ; ingenium imbecillum (want of abilities) : peace of mind, animi tranquillitas ; animus quietus : to be in one’s right mind, mentis compotem esse ; suæ mentis esse ; in potestate mentis esse : to be hardly in one’s right mind, dubiæ sanitatis esse : not to be in one’s right mind, mente captum esse ; de or ex mente exiisse ; mente alienata esse : to go out of one’s mind, de or e potestate mentis exire ; mente capi or alienari : to return to one’s right mind, ad sanitatem reverti : are you in your right mind? satin’ sanus es? I am in my right mind, mens mihi integra or sana est : culture of the mind, eruditio (instruction ; or, the discipline and habits produced by training) : true culture of the mind, * rectus ingenii cultus.
MIND, v. || To attend to or upon [vid. ATTEND]. To mind one’s own business, nihil præter suum negotium agere, nihil de alio anquirere (Cicero, Off. , 1, 34, 125) ; suarum rerum esse (Livius, 3, 38). To mind other people’s business, curare aliena ; curare quæ ad me nihil pertinent (Cicero) or attinent (Terentianus). || To care for, [vid. CARE]. || To remember, vid.
MINDFUL, || Attentive, attentus ; diligens.
Mindful of anything, diligens alicujus rei, attentus ad aliquid ; attentus in aliqua re (Sallustius). || Bearing in mind, not forgetful, memor ; non immemor. To be mindful of, memorem esse alicujus rei ; meminisse, recordari, reminisci alicujus rei or aliquid ; aliquid memoria tenere, in memoria habere, memoria retinere.
MINE, pronoun, meus : What is thine
is mine, quod tuum est, meum est (Terentianus) : the inheritance is mine, hereditas mea est, mihi obtigit : it is not mine to utter a falsehood (poetical), non est mentiri meum (Terentianus).
MINE, s. , || Properly, An excavation for obtaining metals, metallum, or, plural, metalla, -orum, neuter ; fodi̅na (a pit). to make mines, metalla instituere : to work mines, metalla exercere : to work mines afresh, metalla intermissa recolere : to condemn anybody to the mines, in metallum damnare (Plinius) ; ad metalla condemnare (Suetonius) : the right of opening a mine on one’s estate, jus metallorum : iron mine metallum ferrarium or ferri : gold, silver mine, metallum aurarium, argentarium. || Figuratively, a rich repository, * fons uberrimus, e quo haurire possumus ; or by thesaurus (a treasure), etc. || Properly, an excavation for military purposes, cuniculus (Cæsar) ; specus suffossus (Curtius). To form a mine, cuniculum agere : to spring a mine, * vi pulveris pyrii cuniculum discutere ; * ignem admovere pulveri nitrato in cuniculo defosso ; * pulvere pyrio incenso moles superstructas discutere : to throw down the walls by mines, cuniculis muros subruere (Livius).
MINE, v. , (in military language), cuniculum agere (Livius) ; aliquem locum suffodere (Plinius).
MINER, || One who makes a metal mine, metallicus (Plinius) ; fossor (Vitruvius). || One who works in a military mine, cunicularius (Vegetius) ; cuniculator (Lactantius, ap. Slat. ).
MINERAL, s. , metallum (not only of metals, but also of other substances dug out of the earth ; e. g. , creta, sulphur) : fosstle ; plural, fossilia.
MINERAL, adjective, metallicus (Plinius, 27, 415) ; æs or æris particulas continens. A mineral flavor, sapor medicatus (Plinius, Ep. ) : the mineral kingdom, fossilia, plural, : a mineral spring, * fons æris particulas continens.
MINERALOGICAL, * mineralogicus (technical term) ; ad scientiam or cognitionem metallorum, * fossilium, pertinens.
MINERALOGIST, fossilium peritus, sciens, spectator.
MINERALOGY, fossilium scientia or cognitio ; * mineralogia (technical term).
MINGLE, miscere or permiscere (thoroughly) ; with anything, aliquid cum aliqua re, aliquid aliqua re, or aliquid alicui rei : commiscere (to mix together) ; with anything, aliquid cum aliqua re, or aliquid alicui rei : confundere ; with anything, cum aliqua re (properly, to pour together ; hence, figuratively, to confound ; e. g. , vera cum falsis) : turbare, conturbare, perturbare (to throw into confusion).
MINIATURE, tabella minor (vid. Plinius, 35, 10, 36, n. 5, § 72) ; pictura minor (after Plinius, 35, 11, 37, in. ). A miniature painter, qui pingit minoribus tabellis (vid. Plinius 35, 10, 36, n. 5, § 72) : celebrated miniature painters, minoris picturæ celebres in penicillo pictores (Plinius, ib. , § 37).
MINIKIN, Vid. DIMINUTIVE.
MINING, s. , By the verbs.
MINION, (Favourite at court) qui est in magna apud principem gratia ; plural, court minions, regis amici magni et potentes ; quos princeps præcipue suscipit : familiares principis (Suetonius) ; aulici gratia principum florentes (Burmann). Vid. also, FAVORITE.
MINISTER, s. , amicus principis, regis (as a friend and assistant of the prince) : principis socius et administer omnium consiliorum, socius consiliorum principis et particeps consiliarius (as a counsellor of the prince ; after Sallustius, Jug. , 29, 1 ; Plautus, Mil. , 4, 2, 22). A cabinet minister, comes consistorianus (Cf. , in the later period of the empire) : minister for foreign affairs, * qui principi adest rerum externarum arbiter atque administer : minister of the interior, * principis minister et adjutor consiliorum domesticorum : minister of public worship, * cui cura sacrorum tradita est : minister of finance, cui cura ærarii tradita est (after Suetonius, Oct. , 36) : minister of war, amicus regis, qui in consilio semper adest et omnium rerum bellicarum habetur particeps (after Nepos, Eum. , 1, 5 and 6) : to make anyone a minister, aliquem socium et administrum omnium consiliorum assumere (after Sallustius, Jug. , 29, 1) : the ministers, * primates aulici (Ern. ) ; * qui principi adsunt consiliorum arbitri atque administri (Eichst. ). Vid. also, MINISTRY.
MINISTER, v. , TRANS. , ministrare ; dare ; præbere. INTRANS. , to conduce, prodesse ; conducere ; usui esse ; utilem esse ; utilitatem habere or præbere ; juvare (Cicero) ; servire (Columella) ; in rem esse (Sallustius) ; esse (Cicero), ministrare alicui ; ministerium facere alicui (Justinus). To minister in sacred things, res sacras administrare or dispensare, or rebus sacris præesse (after Cicero).
MINISTERIAL, || Belonging to an office, quod ad munus or ad officium pertinet ; quod cum munere conjunctum est ; quod munus fert. A ministerial office, ministerium. || Relating to the sacred office, ad res sacras or divinas spectans.
MINISTRATION, By the verbs.
MINISTRY, || Agency, vid. || Office ; vid. || Persons who administer government, principis (regis, etc. ) amici, rectores, etc. (plural of the expressions given under MINISTER). As a college or body, collegium eorum, quos principes socios et administros omnium consiliorum assumpsit (after Sallustius, Jug. , 29, 1) ; collegium eorum, qui principi in consilio semper adsunt et omnium rerum habentur participes (after Nepos, Eum. , 1, 6) : (as the ruling power in a state) consilium reipublicæ, penes quod est summum imperium et potestas (after Flor. , 1, 1, 15) : the ministry of the interior, * collegium eorum, quibus cura rerum domesticarum tradita est ; * collegium eorum, qui regi sunt a rebus domesticis.
MINOR, || One under age, (a) * qui in suam tutelam nondum venit (after Cicero, Nisi postumus – antequam in suam tutelam venisset, mortuus esset, Cicero : should die whilst he was still a minor, De Or. , 39, 180) : infans (a little child), or by nondum adulta ætate (general term, not yet of full age), or peradolescentulus, peradolescens (stilt very young).
Minors, filii familiarum (vid. commentators on Sallustius, Cat. , 43, 2 ; Suetonius, Vit. , 11). (b) In respect of tutelage, pupillus ; pupilla : money belonging to minors, pecuniæ pupillares. (c) In respect of ability to govern, nondum maturus imperio (Livius, 1, 3). || In logic, assumtio (Cicero, Juv. , 37, 87).
MINORITE (Franciscan monk), frater minor St. Francisci.
MINORITY, || Age of a minor, ætas nondum adulta (general term) : ætas pupillaris (of a ward) : ætas nondum matura imperio (of the successor to a throne ; after Livius, 1, 3). To die in his minority, mori antequam in suam tutelam venisset (after Cicero). The smaller number, numerus minor (Cicero), or inferior (Cæsar).
MINOTAUR, minotaurus.
MINSTER, * ædes cathedralis.
MINT, || A plant, mentha (Plinius). || A place where money is coined, moneta (Cicero).
Masters of the mint, triumviri monetales.
MINT, v. , || Properly, signare (Cicero), cudere (Plautus), ferire (Plinius), aurum, argentum (Cicero) ; nummos (Plautus). Figuratively, to invent, fingere ; confingere ; comminisci.
MINUTE, s. , || The sixtieth part of an hour, * horæ sexagesima. Forty-five minutes, dodrans horæ : two minutes and a half, semuncia horæ : a minute hand, * index sexagesimarum. || In astronomy, scripulum (Plinius). Figuratively, || A short space of lime, momentum ; punctum temporis : I will come back in a minute, momento, illico revertar : to be punctual to the minute, ad tempus dictum adesse, venire : in a few minutes, minimis momentis : every minute, omnibus minimis temporum punctis (Cicero, N. D. , 1, 24, 67) : for a minute, paullisper. || A brief note or memorandum, commentarii, or commentaria (plural), commentariolus : capita (plural) : for the minutes of a meeting of resolution, etc. Vid. also, MEMORANDUM.
MINUTE, adjective, minutus ; parvulus ; pusillus (in a ludicrous or contemptuous sense). Vid. SMALL.
MINUTE, v. , commentari, scribere, de aliqua re. κυρικιμασαηικο MINUTELY (every minute), omnibus minimis temporum punctis (Cicero, N. D. , 1, 24, 67).
MINUTELY, diligenter ; accurate ; subtiliter ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) accurate et diligenter ; accurate et exquisite. – Cf. , Not exacte.
MINUTENESS, || Smallness, parvitas, exiguitas, exilitas :
Minuteness of stature, brevitas (opposed to magnitudo corporis, Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 30). || Accuracy, diligentia ; cura ; subtilitas.
MINUTIÆ, res minutæ or parvæ ; nugæ (Cf. , not minutiæ). To attend to minutiæ, * rerum minutarum esse studiosum.
MIRACLE, miraculum, res mira, mirum (anything marvellous) : ostentum, monstrum, prodigium, portentum (of fearful or threatening appearances in nature : ostentum, any strange natural phenomenon, without the notion of a prophetic meaning ; monstrum, especially of unnatural births ; prodigium, that which portends anything extraordinary, or is a display of Divine power, especially with reference to the manner in which, or the place or time at which a thing appears ; portentum, anything strange or wonderful in nature or human life, so far as it portends good or evil). Cf. , In the biblical sense the proper word is miraculum. To work miracles, miracula edere, patrare.
MIRACULOUS, mirus ; mirandus
; mirabilis (wonderful) : monstrosus, monstrificus, prodigiosus (portentous).
MIRACULOUSLY, mirum or mirandum in modum (Cf. , never in mirum modum) ; mirabiliter ; monstrose. prodigialiter (Horatius, A. P. ).
MIRAGE, * fata morgana.
MIRE, Vid. DIRT, MUD.
MIRROR, speculum. Vid. LOOKING-GLASS.
MIRROR-ROOM, conclave, cujus parietes speculis or (according to the custom of the ancients) phengite lapide distincti sunt (vid. Suetonius, Dom. , 14) : conclave, in quo specula ab omni parte posita sunt (vid. Seneca, N. Q. , 1, 16, 3). Cf. , Not cubiculum speculatum, which is found only in a corrupt passage of “Vita Horatii, ” Suetonius, t. 3, p. 51, ed. Wolf : Cf. , vitreæ cameræ were rooms lined with thick plates of colored glass in panels (vitreæ quadraturæ ; Dictionary of Antiquities, VITRUM).
MIRTH, hilaritas (opposed to severitas) ; gaudium ; lætitia (opposed to mæstitia).
MIRTHFUL, hilarus ; lætus ; lætabundus ; lætitia gestiens ; gaudio exultans, triumphans, cumulatus.
MIRTHFULLY, hilare ; hilariter ; læte.
MIRTHFULNESS, animus hilarus, alacer, lætus alacritas.
MIRY, lutosus ; lutulentus ; cœnosus.
MISANTHROPE, * hominibus or generi humano inimicus atque hostis ; qui genus humanum, or hominum universum genus, odit ; qui hominum congressus fugit atque odit.
MISANTHROPIC, hominum congressus et societatem fugiens, metuens (after Cicero) ; homines reformidans (Quintilianus).
MISANTHROPY, odium hominum or in homines (Cicero), or in hominum universum genus (Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 11, 25), or generis humani (ib. , § 27).
MISAPPLICATION, abusus, * usus perversus.
MISAPPLY, abuti or * perverse uti aliqua re.
MISAPPREHEND, non recte interpretari or intelligere aliquid (after Cicero) ; aliter ac dictum erat accipere aliquid.
MISAPPREHENSION, interpretatio falsa or perversa ; error (a mistake).
MISBECOME, non decet, dedecet ; deforme est (it is unbecoming) : dedecere or indecere aliquem ; indecorum, dedecori, turpe esse cui ; indignumesse aliquo (to be unsuitable to, unworthy of).
MISBEGOTTEN, nothus (by a concubine, when the father is known) : spurius (by an unmarried woman, when the father is unknown) : adulterino sanguine natus (begotten in adultery) : non legitimo conjugio natus : ortus (general term) : furto conceptus (poetical).
MISBEHAVE, male se gerere.
MISBEHAVIOR, vitium, pravitas (misconduct, through moral obliquity) : inhumanitas, rusticitas, mores rustici (through want of good manners). MISBELIEF, error ; (in ecclesiastical sense), * hæresis ; * falsa doctrina.
MISCALCULATE, in computando, in rationibus, errare, falli.
MISCALCULATION, error in rationibus subducendis ; error calculorum.
MISCARRIAGE, || Properly, abortio, abortus (act of bringing forth prematurely) : abortus (produce of a premature birth). || Figuratively, irritum inceptum ; irritus labor. Vid. also, FAILURE.
MISCARRY, || Properly, abortum pati. || Figuratively, non succedere, non, or parum, or secus procedere (not to have a desired result) : præter spem evenire, secus cadere, præter opinionem cadere (to turn out badly, contrary to expectation) : ad irritum cadere, redigi (to be quite frustrated). His attempt miscarried, male gessit rem.
MISCELLANEOUS, mixtus ; commixtus ; permixtus ; promiscuus ; miscellaneus (Appuleius) ; miscellus (Suetonius).
MISCELLANY, farrago (Juvenalis).
MISCHANCE, casus adversus, or simply casus ; infortunium. I have met with a mischance, adversi aliquid mihi evenit (Cicero) ; malum mihi objicitur (Terentianus). If any mischance should occur, si quid gravius or durius accident (Cæsar. ) ; si quid accident (Cicero).
MISCHIEF, malum ; res mala or adversa ; calamitas (evil, misfortune) : pestis, pemicies (ruin). To do mischief to, calamitatem alicui struere (Cicero) ; inferre alicui calamitatem : mischief-muker, auctor mali (malorum) ; calamitatis (-um) causa, parens (Cicero).
MISCHIEVOUS, calamitosus ; perniciosus ; funestus.
MISCONCEIVE, male interpretari ; male intelligere.
MISCONCEPTION, interpretatio falsa or perversa ; error.
MISCONDUCT, s. , delictum, peccatum ; error (if unintentional).
MISCONDUCT one’s self, v. , delinquere, peccare (Cicero), delictum committere (Cæsar), or admittere.
MISCONSTRUCTION, mala, prava, or iniqua interpretatio ; sinistra interpretatio (Tacitus, Agr. , 5).
MISCONSTRUE, male interpretari ; aliter ac dictum erat accipere, graviter accipere aliquid (after Cicero). To misconstrue purposely, calumniari aliquid.
MISCREANT, homo malus, improbus ; homo nequam (a worthless fellow). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) homo nequam et improbus ; homo scelestus, sceleratus, consceleratus (stained with crimes) : homo perditus or profligatus (very corrupt) : homo nefarius et impius (wicked) : homo sine religione ulla ac fide (faithless, of no credit) : a thorough miscreant, profligatissimus omnium mortalium ac perditissimus ; homo omnium sceleratissimus : miscreant, scelus.
MISDATE, * diem in literis falso ascribere.
MISDEED, maleficium (anything morally bad) : malefactum (a bad deed) : noxa (a trespass, minor offence) : facinus (general term) : scelus (a crime) : to commit a misdeed, maleficium or noxam admittere, committere ; facinus committere, in se suscipere : Cf. , facinus patrare was obsolete.
MISDEEM, per errorem labi ; falli.
MISDEMEAN one’s self, male se gerere.
MISDEMEANOR, delictum ; peccatum ; vitium.
MISDOER, maleficus ; homo maleficus ; sons.
MISEMPLOY, perperam or perverse uti.
MISER, homo avarus or sordidus ; aliquantum ad rem avidior ; tenax.
MISERABLE, miserandus ; commiserandus ; miseratione dignus (of persons or things) : Cf. , miserabilis, in this sense, does not occur in the best prose writers.
MISERY, miseria (wretchedness) : ægritudo, ægrimonia (opposed to alacritas ; sickness of mind from a sense of present evil : the latter implying that it is an abiding sense) : dolor (opposed to gaudium, a present sense of hardship, pain, or grief) : tristitia, msestitia (the natural, involuntary manifestation of grief) : angor (passionate, tormenting apprehension of coming evil : sollicitudo being the anxious unsettling apprehension of it) : mæror (is stronger than dolor, being the feeling and its manifestation) : afflictatio (= “ægritudo cum vexatione corporis, ” Cicero) : ærumnæ : vexationes (great trouble) : egestas (extreme poverty) : calamitas (misery occasioned by great damage or loss : also in war) : res miseræ or afflictæ (lamentable condition). The misery of the times, angustiæ temporum : tempora luctuosa : to pine away in misery, miseria or in calamitate tabescere. To be in misery, in miseria esse or versari, miserum esse, in summa infelicitate versari ; in malis esse, jacere ; malis urgeri ; in malis versari ; pessimo loco esse ; iniquissima fortuua uti : angi ; angore confici ; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri ; angi intimis sensibus : angore cruciari : about anything, dolere or mærere rem, or re ; dolorem ex re capere, accipere, suscipere, haurire ; molestiam trahere ex re (to feel oppressed and dispirited by it) : to be in great misery about anything, magnum dolorem ex re accipere ; ex re magnam animo molestiam capere : to come into misery, in miseriam incidere ; in mala præcipitare : to relieve anybody from misery, miseriis aliquem levare : to deliver from misery, a miseria vindicare ; ex miseriis eripere : to endure misery, miserias ferre, ærumnas perpeti (i. e. , patiently to the end).
MISFORTUNE, fortuna mala ; res adversæ ; fortuna afflicta ; casus diversus or tristis ; calamitas ; infortunium. SYN. in CALAMITY.
MISGIVE,
My mind misgives, animus præsagit mihi aliquid mali (Terentianus) ; præsagit animus, with accusative and infinitive (Plautus) ; animus divinat, præsentit, augurat (Cicero).
MISGIVING, suspicio, conjectura : misgivings, piæscita animi (Plinius) ; præsagia mentis (Ovidius) : to have misgivings about anything, præsagire aliquid.
MISGOVERN, * male regere ; male rem administrare.
MISGOVERNMENT, by circumlocution with the verbs.
MISGUIDE, in errorem abducere or inducere ; a recta via abducere aliquem.
MISHAP, Vid. MISCHANCE.
MISINFORM, * falsa docere : to be misinformed, male, non recte, aliquid audivisse ; cognovisse ; in errore versari, esse.
MISINTERPRET, male interpretari ; aliter ac dictum erat accipere ; graviter accipere aliquid.
MISINTERPRETATION, prava or falsa interpretatio.
MISJUDGE, versari in enore ; in errorem labi ; falli : male or perperam judicare (Cicero) : to misjudge a person, cogitationem alicujus non assequi (Cicero) ; voluntatem alicujus male interpretari : do I misjudge you or not? rectene interpretor sen tentiam tuam? (Cicero).
MISLAY, alieno, ignoto, incerto loco collocare, ponere, reponere aliquid : I have mislaid the book, ubi librum deposuerim, or reposuerim nescio, or incertus sum.
MISLE, Vid. MIZZLE.
MISLEAD, Vid. MISGUIDE.
MISMANAGE, male rem gerere or administrare.
MISMANAGEMENT, mala rei administratio ; or by the
verbs.
MISNAME, * falso nomine appellare aliquid ; * falso nominare.
MISNOMER, * prava appellatio.
MISPLACE, loco suo movere aliquid ; perverse collocare : to be misplaced, cedere or moveri loco suo.
MISPLACED, * male or perverse collocatus.
MISPRINT, v. , * typis mendose exscribere or describere aliquid.
MISPRINT, s. , * mendum or erratum typographicum ; * error typographicus ; * operarum mendum or error : a bad misprint, * vitium typographicum : a list of misprints, * index eorum quæ typothetæ or operæ neglexerunt, omiserunt, or peccarunt : to correct misprints, * librum ab operarum erroribus purgare.
MISPRISION, || Contempt, despectus . || Neglect, negligentia ; incuria.
MISQUOTATION, By the verbs.
MISQUOTE (* auctorem, as an authority ; scriptorem, simply as a writer), falso laudare, memorare ; * perperam verbis auctoris uti ; dictum scriptoris non recte commemorare, usurpare, referre. Vid. To QUOTE.
MISREPORT, falso referre.
MISREPRESENT, detorquere, depravare aliquid ; also calumniari aliquid (with evil intention) : perverse interpretari (Plautus, Truc. , 1, 2, 41) ; e. g. , recte facta detorquere (Plinius, Ep. ) ; verbum in pejus detorquere (Seneca, Ep. , 13, med. ) : there is nothing which may not be misrepresented, nihil est, quin narrando possit depravarier (Terentius, Phorm. 4, 4, 16) : entirely to misrepresent a matter, verum convertere in falsum (Cicero).
MISREPRESENTATION, depravatio : Or by the verbs.
MISRULE, || Bad government, * mala rei administratio. || Disorder, confusion, perturbatio ordinis ; ordo perturbatus ; perturbatio ; confusio.
MISS, s. , As a title of respect, of an unmarried lady, domina ; also, (if very young) dominula, domicella (of the Silver age, and late ; vid. Bocltiger’s Sabina, 1, p. 37) :
MISS, s. , i. e. , LOSS, WANT ; vid. these words.
MISS, v. , || Not to hit, non ferire (after Horatius, A. P. 350) : ictus alicui deerrat (the blow missed him ; vid. Plinius 28, 8, 16) : without missing, sine frustratione (Quintilianus, 2, 20, 3) : to cause a thrust or blow to miss, frustrari ictum (Curtius, 6, 5, 16). || To feel the loss or absence of a thing, desiderare ; quærere ; requirere : to miss very much, desiderio alicujus rei angi ; magna molestia desiderare aliquid. || To omit, omittere, prætermittere : to miss an opportunity, occasionem omittere or amittere (Cicero) ; prætermittere (Cæsar) ; dimittere (Nepos) : not to miss an opportunity, occasionem captare (Cicero) ; arripere (Livius).
MISSAL, * missalis ; * liber missalis or liturgicus (ecclesiastical).
MISSHAPEN, deformis, deformatus (Cicero) ; depravatus (Terentianus).
MISSILE, telum missile (Vergilius, or simply missile, Livius) : to discharge a missile, missile or telum mittere, (pilam) conjicere, (hastam) torquere.
MISSING, absens : to be missing, abesse.
MISSION, || The act of sending, missio. || Office of one sent, munus ; partes, plural ; mandatum. || Embassy for the propagation of religion, * legatio Christianæ doctrinæ or religionis propagandas gratia missa ; * legatio, quæ Christianæ doctrinæ apud barbaras gentes propagandæ gratia missa est.
MISSIONARY, * legatus Christianæ doctrinæ or religionis propagandæ gratia missus : a missionary institution, * seminarium eorum qui doctrinæ Christianæ propagandæ causa instituuntur.
MISSIVE, adjective, missilis.
MISSIVE, s. , vid. LETTER, MESSENGER.
MISSPELL, * perverse collocare syllabas or literas.
MISSPEND, effundere, profundere, dissipare, disperdere : to misspend time, tempus perdere, tempore abuti (Cicero) : to misspend labor, operam perdere (Cicero) ; or frustra conterere (Terentianus) : to misspend one’s strength, vim suam perdere.
MIST, nebula ; caligo (so far as it occasions darkness) : a thick mist, nebula densa (opposed to nebula subtilis) : the mist rises from a lake, nebula oritur e lacu : a mist rests upon the plain, the hills, nebula sedet campo, montibus : the rivers are covered with mist, caligant flumina nebulis : a thick mist covered the whole forest and the surrounding fields, densa nebula saltum omnem campos circa intexit : the mist is so thick that one cannot vid. for it, nebula adeo densa est, ut lucis usum eripiat : a mist rises, nebulæ de terra surgunt ; nebula in nubes levatur : a mist clears off, or settles, nebulæ delabuntur or desĭdunt.
MISTAKE, s. , error : mendum : peccatum : vitium : delictum : [SYN. in BLUNDER, which see. ] To commit a mistake in anything, errare aliqua re, or in aliqua ; with accusative of neuter pronoun, hoc, id, illud, quid. To make a mistake on purpose, consiho labi. To make a mistake (= fault in writing, etc. ), peccare, delinquere (Quintilianus). To correct a mistake, errorem, peccatum corrigere : to remove mistakes, menda tollere. To make or commit the same mistake, idem peccare ; one mistake after another, aliud ex alio peccare. || Misunderstanding of an author’s or speaker’s meaning, * interpretatio perversa or perperam facta.
MISTAKE, v. , || TRANS. , To misunderstand, non recte intelligere : perverse or perperam interpretari (to put a perverse or wrong interpretation on) : aliter accipere, ac dictum est (to mistake a person’s meaning : not to take it in the sense intended, sinistre accipere, Tacitus). To mistake anything on purpose, aliquid fallaciter interpretari : aliquid calumniari : to mistake anything in a ridiculous way, ridicule interpretari aliquid (Cicero followed by quasi with subjunctive). || INTRANS. , To be mistaken, errare, in anything, aliqua re orin aliqua re : but with accusative of neuter pronoun, id, illud, hoc, quid : per errorem labi : labi (to slip) : in errore versari : errore captum esse : falli (to be deceived) : peccare (to commit a fault from mistake). To be quite mistaken, egregiously mistaken, valde or vehementer (not egregie) errare : tota re errare or falli : tota via errare (Terentius : Cf. , toto cœlo errare is late, Krebs advises that it should never be used without a quod aiunt) : longe or procul errare (in comedy ; also, probe or diligenter errare). Unless I am greatly mistaken, nisi me fallo : nisi me fallit (sc. animus) : nisi fallor : nisi (me) omnia fallunt (all Cicero : Cf. , nisi erro is not found : ni fallor, poetical). To be mistaken in this single point, in hoc uno errare. I think I shall not be mistaken, haud, ut opinor, erravero.
MISTLETOE, viscum (also in Livius) : a mistle thrush, turdus viscivŏrus (Livius).
MISTRANSLATE, male convertere, vertere, transferre, etc. Vid. TRANSLATE.
MISTRANSLATION, mala conversio or translate.
MISTRESS, || The female head of a family, materfamilias (opposed to concubina) : hera (opposed to the servants ; also, hera major; opposed to hera minor, i. e. , a daughter of the master of the house ; vid. Plautus, Truc. , 4, 3, 22) : domina (lady of the house, so called by the master, or by the servants, by way of respect). || A concubine, concubina ; pellex (= quæ uxorem habenti nubit) : amica : to keep a mistress, feminam habere in concubinatu (Ulpianus) : to be a mistress, in concubinatu esse (Ulpianus).
MISTRUST, s. , diffidentia (opposed to fidentia) : suspicio (suspicion) : rides parva (slight confidence).
MISTRUST, v. , diffidere alicui rei, alicui, alicujus fidei ; fidem alicui non habere ; de fide alicujus dubitare ; parum fidere alicui : to mistrust a little, subdiffidere : to mistrust greatly, summe diffidere alicui rei (Cicero) : I mistrust myself, mihi ipse diffido (Cicero).
MISTRUSTFUL, diffidens.
MISTRUSTFULLY, diffidenter.
MISTRUSTFULNESS, diffidentia.
MISTY, nebulosus (e. g. , aër, Plinius).
MISUNDERSTAND, parum intelligere aliquid, or aliquem ; ignorare aliquem (to mistake his character) : you misunderstand me, ignoras me. Vid. also, MISTAKE.
MISUNDERSTANDING, || Misapprehension, * interpretatio perversa or perperam facta (incorrect interpretation) : interpretatio sinistra (bad, unfavorable interpretation, Tacitus, Agr 5, extr. ) : wilful misunderstanding, malevola interpretatio ; calumnia. || Dissension, disagreement, dissensio (difference of opinions) : dissidium (dissension, dispute, when parties disagree and separate). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) dissensio ac dissidium ; dissidium ac dissensio : there is a misunderstanding between us, est inter nos aliqua dissensio ; dissidemus inter nos : a misunderstanding arose between the friends, aliqua amicorum dissensio facta est.
MISUSE, Vid. ABUSE.
MITE, || A small insect, blatta (Plinius) ; * acărus (Linnæus). || A small coin, teruncius. κυρικιμασαηικο MITIGATE, mollire (e. g. , iram, impetum) : mitigare (to deprive of what is disagreeable) : lenire (to assuage) : levare (to relieve, lighten) : to mitigate a punishment, aliquid ex merita pœna remittere : to mitigate the misery of anyone, aliquem miseria levare. Vid. also, ALLEVIATE.
MITIGATION, levatio ; allevatio ; mitigatio : levamen, levamentum, allevamentum. Vid. ALLEVIATION.
MITRE, * apex or mitra episcopalis.
MITTENS, * digitalia breviora.
MIX, miscere ; (more strongly) permiscere (μιγνύναι, to join together two or more dissimilar things, especially
dry and solid ; or things which can again be separated, like corn) : temperare (κεραννύναι, to mingle liquids together, so that they cannot be separated again) : diluere (διαλύειν, to dissolve a solid body by a liquid) : to mix anything among or with anything, miscere, permiscere aliquid aliqua re ; temperare aliquid aliqua re : to mix in anything, admiscere aliquid alicui rei or in aliquid : to mix a thing for anyone, miscere alicui aliquid : to mix poison, venenum diluere ; venenum parare, coquere (general term, to prepare : of medicines) : to mix one thing with another, excipere rem re (medical technical term ; e. g. , crocum albo ovi, Celsus) : excipi (to be mixed with, to be added to, anything, e. g. , aqua pluviatili, vino, Celsus) : to mix one’s self in or with anything, se immiscere, se inserere or admiscere alicui rei, se interponere alicui rei or in aliquid ; auctoritatem suam interponere or inserere alicui rei (to interpose as mediator) : not to mix in anything, abesse or se abstinere ab aliqua re : do not mix yourself up in the matter, ne te admisce : do what you please ; I do not mix myself up with it, quod voles facies, me nihil interpouo.
MIXED, mixtus ; permixtus ; promiscuus (in which several have part ; Cf. , not miscellus or miscellaneus in good prose) : a mixed company, circulus promiscuus (wlhout distinction of rank, after Tacitus, Ann. , 7, 7, in. ) : circulus viris et feminis promiscuus (of men and women, after Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 53, 4) : omnium ordinum homines (people of all ranks).
MIXTURE, mixtio, permixtio (the act or state) : mixtura (way and manner of mixing ; or the state) : temperatio (act or state).
More frequently by miscere ; e. g. , a mixture of good and bad, bona mixta malis : a mixture of feelings, varius, quo pectus miscetur, motus (Vergilius, Æn. 12, 217) ; or, varii animi motus : a mixture of hope and fear disturbed their minds, anceps spes et metus miscebant animos.
MIZZEN-MAST, * malus posticus.
MIZZLE, rorare : a mizzling rain, pluvia tenuis or tenuissima.
MNEMONICS, ars memoriæ (Quintilianus) ; disciplina memoriæ (Cicero) ; artificium memoriæ (Auct. , ad Hor. ).
MOAN, s. , gemitus ; ejulatio.
MOAN, v. , gemere ; ejulare.
MOAT, s. , fossa aquaria ; or fossa only.
MOAT, v. , (arcem, oppidum) fossa (aquaria) circumdare.
MOB, s. , || An assemblage of people, turba ; homines promiscui : globus (a dense body often with contemptuous sense ; e. g. , ex illo globo nobilitatis, Sallustius, Jug. , 85, 10). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) turba et colluvio (Cicero, Sen. , 23, 85). || The common people, turba ; colluvies ; colluvio hominum ; fæx populi : multitudo de plebe : multitudo obscura et humilis (with reference to birth).
MOB, v. , * minaciter circumfundi alicui : globus circumstantium increpat aliquem, etc. (= anybody is mobbed, Cf : Livius, 8, 32, 13) : perhaps, increpitare vocibus (of the abuse only, Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 30). To mob anybody, circumfundi alicui (properly, to crowd round him, Livius) : circumfundi alicui et (ad aures quoque ejus) ferocia verba volvere (cf. Livius, 22, 14, extr. ). Vid. also, SCOLD.
MOCK, v. , || To deceive, ludere : ludibrio habere : to mock one’s expectation [Vid. DISAPPOINT]. ||To deride, ludificari (to make anything or anybody one’s butt, the subject of one’s jests, etc) : illudere alicui or alicui rei ; aliquem or in aliquem ; aliquid (to make sport of). || To imitate deridingly, mimic, perverse aliquid imitari (Cicero).
MOCK, adjective, Vid. FICTITIOUS, FALSE, COUNTERFAIT.
MOCK-FIGHT, simulacrum pugnæ (Livius) ; certamen lusorium (opposed to certamen decretorium ; after Seneca).
MOCK-MOON, imago lunæ ; luna geminata (vid. Cicero, N. D. , 2, 5, 14).
MOCKERY, s. , || Derision, ludibrium ; ludificatio ; irrisio (Cicero) ; derisus (Tacitus) ; derisio (Suetonius). || Detiding imitation, perversa, inepta, or ridicula imitatio.
MODE, Vid. MANNER, FASHION.
MODEL, s. , proplasma, -ătis, neuter ; proty̆pum (a pattern on a small scale, after which a work of art is to be made ; typus is an image made) : exemplar, exemplum (general term, a pattern after which a work of art is to be nvide ; e. g. , exemplum animale, a living model from which an artist paints, Cicero, Invent. , 2, 1, 2) : to furnish a model of anything, alicujus rei modum formamque demonstrare : to take a model of anything, exemplum sumere ab aliqua re : to serve as a model, exemplum exsistere.
MODEL, v. , * alicujus rei proplasma fingere : to model anything in plaster of Paris, alicujus rei protypum e gypso exprimere : the art of modelling, plastice (πλαστική) : ars fingendi : fingere (to form out of the raw material) : formare (to bring into a shape, to shape). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) fingere et formare.
MODELLER, * protyporum scalptor.
MODERATE, || That observes measure, moderatus (rarely) : modicus (that does not exceed measure or bounds; opposed to effrenatus) : medius (in the mean, not in the extreme) : modestus (opposed to cupidus, petulans) : temperans, temperatus (the former of persons, the latter of persons and things ; opposed to libidinosus) : continens (moderate in enjoyment; opposed to libidinosus) ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) moderatus ac temperans ; temperans moderatusque continens ac temperans : very moderate in drinking, parcissimus vini : moderate in joy, temperans gaudii (both of the Silver Age) : moderate exercise, exercitationes modicæ : moderate in one’s wishes, paucis contentus : in a moderate manner, moderate ; modeste ; temperanter : to live in a moderate manner, continentem esse in omni victu cultuque. || Middling, modicus (of quantity) : mediocris (of quality) : moderate talents, ingenium mediocre. Cf. , Medius, in this sense, is foreign to the prose of the gotden period ; thus, ingenium medium, Tacitus, Hist. , 1, 49, 2, is what Cicero (De Orat. , 2, 27, 119) expresses by ingenium mediocre ; for (Pompeius) eloquentia medius in Vell. , 2, 29, 3, Cicero would have said (Pompeius) eloquentia mediocri (cf. De Or. , 1, 29, extr) : very moderate, permediocris : in a moderate degree, mediocriter ; modice.
MODERATE, v. , || To restrain, repress, make temperate, moderari (with the dative, to set a measure and limit, to observe due measure ; with the accusative, to keep in due bounds, to observe the mean) : temperare (with a dative, to give a person or thing suitable activity or efficacy ; with the accusative, to set anything in the right state or condition) : modum or moderationem adhibere alicui rei or in aliqua re (to keep anything within proper bounds) : continere, coercere (to restrain, check) : to moderate one’s anger, iræ moderari or temperare ; iram tenere, continere (opposed to iræ indulgere) : to moderate one’s passions, cupiditates continere, coercere ; cupiditatibus modum facere : to moderate one’s speech, orationi or linguæ moderari : linguam continere ; modum tenere verborum : not to be able to moderate one’s self, intemperantem esse ; sui impotentem or non potentem esse ; sui non compotem esse ; animo suo imperare non posse : the heat is moderated by the breeze, ventorum flatu nimii temperantur calores. || To act as mediator, arbitrate, between persons, arbitri partes suscipere : esse arbitrum or disceptatorem inter aliquos : aliquorum controversiam disceptare or dirimere.
MODERATELY, || Temperately, moderate ; modeste ; temperanter. || Middlingly, mediocriter, modice.
MODERATION, moderatio (the act of setting measure or limit) : temperantia (an observing of moderation in one’s course of action), continentia (self-control) : modestia (moral unwillingness to exceed due measure) : sedatio alicujus rei (act of calming or appeasing). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) temperantia et moderatio ; moderatio et continentia ; continentia et temperantia ; moderatio continentiæ et temperantiæ (Cicero, Off. , 3, 26, extr. ) : moderation in desires, moderatio cupiditatum : moderation in our discourses and actions, moderatio dictorum omnium et factorum : to show moderation, moderatum se præbere (in anything), moderationem adhibere in aliqua re ; moderate temperare aliquid : to show equal moderation, eadem temperantia uti : they thought that I had almost gone further than the moderation of a wise and sober man allowed, me longius prope progressum arbitrabantur, quam sapientis hominis cogitata ratio postularet (Cicero, Harusp. , 2, 3) : with moderation, moderate ; modeste ; temperanter ; clementer (with indulgence) : without moderation, immoderate ; intemperanter ; effrenate (unrestrainedly) : to write with moderation, temperantius scribere : to use a victory with moderation, victoria clementer uti.
MODERATOR, || One who moderates, etc. Use the verb. || A president, Vid. PRESIDENT.
MODERN, novus (new) : qui nunc est, ut nunc fit, hujus ætatis (of this age). Cf. , Modernus is barbarous.
MODERNIZE, ad nova exempla componere (Seneca) ; ad hujus ætatis morein componere (Seneca).
MODEST, || Bashful, modestus (opposed to immodestus) : pudens (full of a sense of shame or honor ; opposed to impudens) : verecundus (full of a sense of propriety, well-behaved ; opposed to superbus, insolens) : probus (unassuming ; opposed to improbus) : demissus (meek ; opposed to
acerbus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) probus et modestus ; probus et demissus : modest in one’s demands, verecundus in postulando : to make a modest use of anything, modeste ac moderate aliqua re uti. || Moderate, moderatus ; modestus ; temperatus ; temperans. SYN. in MODERATE.
MODESTLY, || Bashfully, pudenter ; verecunde. || Moderately, moderate ; modeste ; temperanter.
MODESTY, || Bushfulness, pudor (general term, as a sense of honor, both as a preventive feeling and as a shame for having done anything disgraceful) : pudicitia (natural shame, aversion to be exposed to the gaze of others, and hence, chaste sentiment, bushfulness) : verecundia (dread of doing anything that will make us feel ashamed before those whom we respect). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pudor et verecundia ; pudicitia et pudor ; pudor pudicitiaque. || Moderation, modestia (= moderation, unassuming character ; opposed to licentia). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pudor et modestia.
MODIFICATION, Use the verbs.
MODIFY, immutare aliquid de aliqua re (to make a change in anything) : temperare aliquid (to moderate anything) : to modify an account, detrahere aliquid de summit.
MODISH, mod, deliciis, sæculi conveniens, respondens (with the additional idea of elegance or good taste) : elegans, venustus : novus (new).
MODISHLY, mori recepto convenienter : eleganter, venuste : to be modishly dressed, more vestitum esse (Plautus).
MODULATE, flectere (vocem).
MODULATION, flexio : modulations of the voice, flexiones vocis.
MOIETY, dimidium, dimidia pars ; dimidius numerus (of a large number).
MOIST, humidus (of that which is soaked or penetrated by moisture, and also of that which brings or occasions moisture ; e. g. , wind; opposed to aridus) : udus, uvidus (of that which consists of water, etc. ; opposed to terrenus or solidus. Cf. , Although udus and uvidus are almost foreign to the prose of the golden period, which contented itself with humidus, as Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 17, 40, terrena et humida for terrena et uvida ; get bath are frequent in post Augustanprose, and for the sake of distinction, may sometimes be employed) : madens, madidus (dripping, opposed to siccus) : pluvius (inclined to rain, of the seasons and the weather; opposed to serenus. Cf. , Only Plinius, 18, 25, 60, pluviosus) : moist weather, humidus, or uvidus, or pluvius cœli status ; cœlum pluvium : with moist eyes, = weeping, lacrimans ; cum lacrimis : to be moist, humidum etc. , esse ; madere : to become moist, humidum, etc. , fieri ; madefieri ; madescere : to make or render moist, humidum, etc. , facere or reddere ; madefacere.
MOISTEN, conspergere (to sprinkle; opposed to rigare, irrigare, to water, vid. Columella, 5, 6, 8 ; Cf. , humectare is poetical ; insuccare, only iu Columella) : to moisten with dew, irrorare (Cf. , rore rigare, Cicero, Div. , 1, 12, 20, is poetical).
MOISTURE, humor (Cf. , humiditas is not Latin) : humores, plural, (of a great degree of moisture).
MOLAR, molaris.
MOLASSES, * fæces sacchari.
MOLE, || The animal, talpa : a mole hill, grumus talpæ : a mole trap, decipula talpis capiendis. || A natural spot on the body, nævus ; nota genitiva (Suetonius). || A fleshy substance, mola. || A dike, moles lapidum : agger lapideus (Cicero).
MOLEST, alicui aliqua re molestum or gravem esse ; molestiam alicui afferre ; molestia aliquem afficere ; vexare ; sollicitare.
MOLESTATION, molestia : to cause molestation = to MOLEST, vid.
MOLLIFICATION, Use the verbs.
MOLLIFY, || To soften, mollire, emollire (rarely mitigare), aliquid ; macerare aliquid (by steeping in water, etc. ). || To appease, aliquem , alicujus animum, lenire, delinire, mitigare (Cicero) ; mollire, emollire (Cicero, by entreaties) ; precibus expugnare aliquem. || To assuage, lenire, mitigare, mollire, levare ; allevare ; sublevare ; temperare. SYN. in ALLEVIATE.
MOMENT, || Properly, Weight, influence, turn, momentum : || Figuratively, Weight, importance, momentum : it is a thing of moment, res habet momentum (Cicero) : to consider of little moment, levi momenta æstimare. || The most minute space of time, punctum temporis ; momentum temporis or horæ (= in Cicero, the decisive or important minute, ῥοπή; but also = moment, Livy, is tumultus momenta temporis sedatur, Livius, 21, 33, etc. Pliny makes momentum = minute, longer than punctum temporis) : tempus (general term, a point of time) : in a moment, puncto or momento temporis ; in vestigio temporis : for a moment, paullisper (e. g. , mane paullisper) : it is over in a moment, fit ad punctum temporis : often in a single moment the circumstances of the times are greatly changed, minimis momentis maximæ inclinationes temporum fiunt : not even a moment, ne minimam partem temporis _every moment, in omni puncto temporis ; nullo temporis puncto intermisso ; omnibus minimis temporum punctis : at the moment of departure, sub ipsa profectione (vid. Herzog, Hir. , B. G. , 8, 49) : there is not a moment to lose. res non habet moram : to the moment, ad tempus (venire, adesse) : for the present moment, in præsens (tempus) : in præsentia (opposed to in posterum) : a favorable moment, tempus opportunum ; temporis opportunitas or occasio : to seize the favorable moment, tempori or temporis occasioni non deesse : in the last moments (of life), extremo spiritu ; in ipsa morte : timid in the moment of danger, in re præsenti pavidus.
MOMENTARY, brevissimus (of very short duration) : fugax (fleeting) : subitus (sudden in its origin ; e. g. , consilia) : præsens (present, now existing ; e. g. , facultas) : momentary impulse or passion, affectus qui ex rebus ipsis concipitur.
MOMENTOUS, magni or maximi momenti : gravis (gravior, gravissimus) : permagnus (e. g. , negotium, Cicero).
MONARCH, rex (a king) : princeps (a prince ; Cf. , post-Augustan) : imperator, Cæsar, Augustus (of the tunes of the emperors) : dominus (general term, a sovereign, ruler) : tyrannus (one who has gained absolute power in a state previously free) : Or by circumlocution, in order to express more clearly the idea of “absolute monarch, ” qui solus regnat, qui unus consilio et cura, gubernat civitatem, penes quem est summa rerum omnium (= rex) : qui solus imperio potitus est (= tyrannus) : to be a monarch, regnare ; solum regnare.
MONARCHICAL, regius (Cf. , not monarchicus) : a monarchical constitution, is reipublicæ status, quem penes unum est omnium summa rerum (after Cicero, de Rep. , 1, 26, 42) : regale civitatis genus : to have a monarchical constitution, to be monarchical (of subjects), regi (regibus) parere, sub rege (regibus) esse (Cf. , Unius consilio et cura gubernari would here be quite wrong ; this can be said only of the state, not of the subjects) : sub tyranni regno esse (to be under a monarch ; Justinus) : to introduce a monarchical constitution, regnum ac diadema uni deferre (Horatius, Od. , 2, 2, 22) : a monarchical state, civitas quæ unius dominatu teuetur.
MONARCHY, || The rule of a single governor, imperium singulare ; imperium, quod ab uno sustinetur or sub uno stat (vid. Curtius, 10, 9, 2) : imperium, quod penes regem or reges est (Justinus, 1, 1, init. ) : potentia singularis (Nepos, Diom. , 5, Bremi) : dominatus unius (Cicero, de Rep. , 1, 28, 44), or simply dominatio, dominatus (all general term) : imperium regum or regium (under a king) : tyrannis (under a tyrannus) : || A state under a monarchical form of government, civitas, quæ unius dominatu tenetur civitas quæ ab uno regitur : res publica, quæ unius nutu or unius potestate regitur : civitas, quæ ab unius consilio et cura gubernatur : respublica, in qua penes unum est summa omnium rerum : civitas, in qua unus aliquis in perpetua est potestate : regnum : civitas regia : civitas, quæ singulari imperio et regia potestate gubernatur et regitur : regale civitatis genus : respublica regalis (the last two, however, not of states actually governed by a king, but only approaching this : The last, Cicero, De Rep. , 3, 35).
MONASTERY, cœnobium (ecclesiastical) ; monasterium (later, and general term) : to enter a monastery, * in cœtum monachorum recipi.
MONASTIC, monasterialis (late). It may be expressed by the genetive ; as cœnobitarum, or monachorum (of monks), or cœnobii, or monasterii (of a monastery).
MONDAY, * dies lunæ.
MONEY, pecunia (opposed to other property ; then any sum of money, never = a single coin ; Cf. , hence it can be connected only with such adjectives as relate to magnitude ; as, magna, parva, grandis, ingens, etc. , never with such as relate to unity, as, multa, pauca, etc. ) : argentum, æs (silver or copper coin ; and hence, general term for money : vid. , for argentum, Terentius, Andr. , 3, 3, 15, etc. : Livius, 30, 39, extr. ; for æs, Terentius, Phorm. , 3, 2, 26 : Cicero, Att. , 2, 1, 10 : Livius, 4, 60, 6 ; 5, 12, 1. Cf. , But argentum signatum and æs signatum only in opposed to argentum, or æs infectum, or factum ; vid. Cicero, Varr. , 5, 25, 63 : Livius, 34, 6, 14, and 34, 52, 4) : nummus (a single piece of money, a coin ; Cf. , for this only unclassical writers and poets say moneta) : pretium (a price in money) : Illyrian money, pecunia Illyriorum signo signata
: great and small money, nummi omnis notæ : good money, nummi probi : bad money, nummi adulterini (Cf. , not moneta adulterina) : of or belonging to money, pecuniarius ; nummarius ; argentarius : that may be had for money, venalis ; pretio venalis : for money, pretio ; pretio motus, adductus (induced by a price or reward) : fur little, much money, parvo, magno pretio : for money and good words, pretio et precibus : my little bit of money, nummuli mei : a considerable sum of money, aliquantum nummorum : ready money, pecunia præsens, numerata ; nummi præsentes, numerati (Cicero) ; also simply numeratum (Cicero) ; aurum, argentum, præsentarium (Plautus) : to buy anything for ready money, præsentibus nummis emere aliquid (Seneca) : to sell for ready money, solutum aliquid dare (Ulpianus) ; or vendere [Vid. CASH] : to hate plenty of money, in multis suis pecuniis esse, bene nummatum esse, pecunia abundare, opibus or divitiis florere : to make money by anything, pecuniam facere ex re (Nepos, Cim. , 1, 3) : a making of money, pecuniæ quæstus ; pecuniæ via (way and method of making money) : the value of money, potestas pecuniarum (Gaius, Digests, 13, 3, 4) : to turn a thing into money, vendere aliquid (to sell) : to take money (as a bribe), pecuniam accipere (opposed to pecuniæ resistere) : to turn everything into money, omnia in pecuniam redigere (Quintilianus, Decl. , 269) : to furnish money for anything, pecunias expedire (the proper word ; vid. Bremi, Suet. , Cæs. , 4) : to furnish anyone with money, pecuniam alicui curare : to furnish one with money from the public treasury, sumtum alicui dare de publico (Cicero, De Invent. , 2, 29, init. ) : to many for money, dote moved (Terentius, Heaut. , 5, 1, 66) : he did not marry for money, indotatum duxit (after Terentius, Ad. , 3, 2, 47) : money makes the man, in pretio pretium nunc est ; dat census honores, census amicitias, pauper ubique jacet (Ovidius, Fast. 1, 217, sq. ) : pecunia omnium dignitatem exæquat (Cicero, Att. , 4, 15, 7) : want of money, inopia pecunias or rei pecuniariæ, inopia argentio or argentaria, inopia nummaria ; caritas nummorum (scarcity of money) : difficultas nummaria or rei nummariæ : angustiæ pecuniæ (distressing position in respect of money) : public want (or scarcity) of money, angustiæ pecuniæ publicæ ; angustiæ ærarii (of the treasury) : to be in want of money, de pecunia laborare ; in summa difficultate nummaria esse : times in which there is a general want of money, tempora difficillima solutionis (Cicero, Cæcin. , 4, 11) : when there was a great want of money, quum creditæ pecuniæ non solverentur (Cæsar, B. C. , 3, 1, init. ).
MONEY-BROKER, argentarius ; mensarius ; intercessor (post-Augustan) : nummularius (Suetonius) : fenerator (in a bad sense, Cicero).
MONEYED, pecuniosus, bene nummatus (Cicero) ; prædives (Livius) ; pecuniæ opulentus (Tacitus, Hist. , 2, 6).
MONGREL, adverb, duplicis generis ; non unius generis.
MONGREL, s. , . musĭmo or musmo (Cato, Plinius) ; nothus (Columella) ; hibrida (Plinius, especially the progeny of a wild boar and a tame sow ; also, improperly, of persons born of parents of different countries, ranks, etc. , Horatius).
MONIED, Vid. MONEYED.
MONITION, Vid. ADMONITION.
MONITOR, monitor (warning adviser) : admonitor : sometimes impulsor : suasor : hortator ; auctor et impulsor : consiliarius : a troublesome monitor, admonitor non nimis verecundus (Cicero). SYN. in ADVISER.
MONITORY, monitorius (Seneca) : Or by the verbs, qui monet, etc.
MONK, monăchus (Sidon. , Ep. ) ; cœnobita (Hieronymus) a mank’s hood, cucullus monachi. || Names of plants ; monk’s head, leontodon (Linnæus) : monk’s hood, aconitum (Linnæus) : monk’s rhubarb, rumex (Linnæus).
MONKERY, vita monachica (life of a monkery) : res monachicæ (affairs of monkeries).
MONKEY, || Properly, simia (Cicero and Plinius) ; simius (ire poets of the Golden Age) : a female monkey, simia femina : a little monky, simiolus (pithecium, Plautus, sportively) : monkey’s bread (a plant), Adansonia (Linnæus). || Figuratively, as a term of reproach, simia (Cœlius, ap. Cic. , Fam. , 5, 10, 1) ; simius (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 10, 18) ; homo stolidus, stultus.
MONKISH, monachicus. Vid. MONASTIC.
MONKISHLY, monachorum more, modo, ritu.
MONOCEROS, monodon, * monoceros (Linnæus).
MONOCHORD, * monochordium (technical term).
MONODY, * monodia. Or use the Greek word.
MONOGAMY, matrimonium singulare (monogamia, Tertullianus).
MONOGRAM, * monogramma (technical term).
MONOGRAPHY, descriptio singularis (description of a single object) : libellus, liber quem aliquis separatim de aliqua re conscribit, conficit (a book treating on a single subject).
MONOLOGUE, * sermo intimus : canticum (musical monologue in the ancient plays, Cicero ; soliloquium, only in Augustin).
MONOPOLIST, monopo̅la (after Greek μονοπώλης. In Marc. Cap. 3, Kopp. has monoptota).
MONOPOLIZE, monopolium exercere. IMPROPR. , to have the sole possession of, etc. , est aliquid soli̅us tuum : rem totam sibi or ad se vindicare ; a person, totum aliquem tenere, habere, possidere (Plinius, Ep. , 1, 16, 1).
MONOPOLY, monopolium (post-Augustan) : to give one the monopoly of anything, * alicui monopolium dare : to exercise or enjoy a monopoly, monopolium exercere or habere.
MONOSYLLABIC, || Properly, monosyllabus. || Figuratively, brief, abrupt in speech, (homo) verbis parcens ; brevitatis magister.
MONOSYLLABLE, monosyllabum (sc. verbum).
MONOTONOUS, * unum sonum babens (properly) ; * nulla varietate delectans, * omni varietate carens (figuratively, without variety) : a thing has a monotonous sound, lentius æquabiliusque accidit aliquid auribus.
MONSOON, ventus qui magnam (or aliquam) partem omnis temporis in aliquo loco flare consuevit (Cæsar) : venti qui certo tempore ex alia atque alia parte cœli spirant (Gellius) : or if necessary, Monsoon, technical term, or, ventus æquabilis qui Monsoon dicitur (to distinguish it from the ordinary trade winds). MONSTER, monstrum, portentum (so far as the appearance is one of evil omen) : homo portentosus or monstrosus (of men) : fetus portentosus or monstrosus (of animals) : monsters, prodigiosa corpora et monstris insignia ; præter naturam hominum pecudumque : portenta ex homine or ex pecude nata.
MONSTROSITY, monstrum : prodigium : portentum : forma monstrosa.
MONSTROUS, Properly, monstrosus ; prodigiosus ; portentosus. || Figuratively, rationi repugnans (contrary to reason).
MONSTROUSLY, monstrose ; prodigiose. prodigialiter (Horatius).
MONTH, mensis : half a month, semestrium : a lunar month, mensis lunaris : of a month, that lasts a month, unius mensis ; menstruus : two, three, four, five, six months long, bimestris, trimestris, quadrimestris, quinquemestris, semestris : to serve for a month, mensem vertentem servire : every third month, tertio quoque mense : every month, singulis mensibus : that returns or happens every month, menstruus : the first of the month, Kalendæ : the fifth of the month, Nonæ (except in March, May, July, and October, when the Nonæ fell on the seventh day) : the thirteenth of the month, Idus (except in the four months already mentioned, in which the Idus fell on the fifteenth ; vid. Zumpt, § 867 ; Pract . Introd. , i : 523, sqq. ).
MONTHLY, menstruus (that returns every month and that lasts a month) : unius mensis, mensis vertentis (a month long).
MONUMENT, monumentum (general term) : written monuments, literarum monumenta ; literæ : to erect a monument to any one, alicui monumentum statuere, ponere, collocare : to cause a monument to be erected, monumentum faciendum locare : to leave a monument behind one, relinquere aliquid, quo nos vixisse testemur (Plinius, Ep. , 3, 7, 14) : a sepulchral monument, monumentum, sepulcrum (the former any memorial erected in honor of the dead, whether over their graves or in another place, whether consisting of a house, arch, a stone, etc. ; sepulcrum, the place of burial, fenced round and adorned with a monumentum, a cippus, etc. ; vid. Cicero Sext. , 67, init. , L. Opimius, cujus monumentum celeberrimum in foro, sepulcrum desertissimum in litore Dyrrachino relictum est) :
Mausoleum (a splendid sepulchral monument built by Octavian, which served as the burial place for himself and succeeding emperors to the time of Hadrian ; vid. Suetonius, Oct. , 100, extr. ; also, ironically, of a simple grave stone ; Suetonius, Vit. , 10, extr. ) : cenotaphium (a sepulchral monument erected to anyone, even during his lifetime) : to erect a (sepulchral) monument to anyone, facere alicui monumentum. κυρικιμασαηικο MOOD, || Temper, animi affectio, affectus, temperatio : animus ita affectus : habitus animi (Cicero) : sometimes only animus, voluntas, from the context : in different moods, in variis voluntatibus (Livius) : a gay mood, animus hilaris, hilarus, lætus : hilaritas : a melancholy mood, animus tristis : tristitia. || In grammar, modus.
MOODY, tristis (opposed to hilaris, lætus) : difficilis (opposed to facilis) : morosus (opposed to affabilis).
MOON, luna (also, figuratively, of that which is shaped like a moon, especially like a half-moon, a crescent) : mensis (a month) : moons (or
satellites) of other planets, satellites : the new moon, luna nova or prima ; luna intermenstrua or intermestris : the time of the new moon, interlunium ; (tempus) intermenstruum : at the new moon, quum inchoatur luna : always at the new moon, sub interlunia : moon in her first or second quarter, luna crescens : the full moon, luna plena ; orbis lunæ plenus : the time of the full moon, plenilunium : moon on the wane, luna decrescens or senescens : are the last quarter of the moon, luna decrescente or senescente : moon that shines all night, luna pernox : moon that rises late, luna sera : night without a moon, nox illunis : like a half-moon, lunatus : the moon is on the wane, luna minuitur, deminuitur, decrescit, or senescit : the moon is on the increase, luna crescit ; luna impletur (is nearly full).
MOONLIGHT, lunæ lumen : by moonlight, luna lucente ; luna imminente : it is moonlight, luna lucet : it is not moonlight, luna silet : it was moonlight the whole night, luna pernox erat.
MOON-STRUCK, lunaticus (Vegetious) : moon-struck madness, error lunaticus ; seleniasmus (technical term).
MOOR, s. , solum uliginosum ; terra uliginosa ; loca uliginosa (plural, Plinius) ; loca palustria (Vitruvius), or simply palustria (Plinius).
MOOR, v. , (navem) ad terram religare (Cæsar) ; religare (classem) litori (Ovidius) ; (navem) deligare ad ancoras.
MOOR-HEN, fulĭca, fulix, fulĭcis, feminine.
MOORISH, uliginosus ; paluster (Plinius).
MOOT, Vid. DEBATE, DISPUTE.
MOP, s. , * penicillus ad abstergendum factus, or, from context, penicillus only.
MOP, v. , * penicillo abstergere or detergere.
MOPE, v. , in mærore jacere : demisso animo esse (Sallustius) : fracto animo et demisso esse (Cicero) : afflictum vitam in tenebris luctuque trahere († Vergilius) : aliquis totus jacet or jacet alicujus animus : dormitare.
MOPISH, mærens, demissus afflictusque (Cicero) ; demissus et opprexsus (Cicero ; disheartened, dispirited) : veternosus ; somniculosus (sluggish, etc. ).
MORAL, moralis, quod ad mores pertinet (relating to manners ; Cf. , moralis, never = morally good, is a philosophical term, proposed by Cicero, De Fat. , 1, init. , and afterward generally used in the Silver Age) : bene or recte moratus, comparative melius moratus, superlative optime moratus (well-disposed, morally good) : probus (good) : honestus (virtuous ; of persons and actions) : * quod ad mores formandos pertinet (that relates to the formation of manners ; of writings, etc. ) : moral goodness, honestum ; decus, -oris, neuter : moral precepts, * de moribus præcepta : moral behavior, recti mores ; vita honesta : to be led purely by moral motives, nulla alia re, nisi honestate duci : moral freedom, motus animorum voluntarius : we are not under any moral necessity, nihil impedit, quominus id, quod maxime placet, facere possumus : to consider anything in a moral point of view, aliquid refene ad mores : moral * philosophy, philosophiæ pars moralis (proposed by Cicero, De Fat. 1, 1, for the Greek ἠθική, and after him generally adopted ; vid. Seneca, Ep. , 89, 9, sq. ; Tacitus, Dial. , 30, 3 ; Quintilianus, 6, 2, 8) ; philosophia, in qua de hominum vita et moribus disputatur (Cicero, Brut. , 8, 31) ; hæc omnis, quæ est de vita et de moribus philosophia (as Cicero, Tusc. , 3, 4, 8) ; philosophia quæ virtutis, officii et bene vivendi disciplinam continet (Cicero, Pis. , 29, 71) ; ea pars philosophiæ, qua mores conformari putantur (after Cicero, Fin. , 4, 2, 4). || Probable, opposed to absolutely certain.
Moral certainty, veri similitude : probabilitas magna (Cicero, Acad. , 2, 24) or maxima. In moral questions we ought to act upon moral certainty, * in rebus, quæ ad mores pertinent, ipsam veri similitudinem sequi dehemus (cf. Cicero, Acad. , 2, 33, 107) or rem assensu nostro comprobatam actio sequi debet (ib. ).
MORALIST, officii magister : magister virtutis et recte vivendi :
Moralists, qui de moribus præcipiunt.
MORALITY, mores, morum conditio (moral quality) honestas, honestum (moral goodness) : virtus (moral worth) : honestatis or virtutis studium (the pursuit of morality) : true, genuine morality, honestum quod proprie vereque dicitur : men of tried morality, viri, quorum vita in rebus honestis perspecta est : the demands of friendship are not opposed to morality, in amicitia, quæ honesta non sunt, non postulantur.
MORALIZE, * de moribus præcipere. To moralize (about) anything, * rem de suo genere ad vitam moresque meditando transferre.
MORALLY, || Virtuously, honeste . || With reference to morals ; by the substantive, e. g. , to be morally good, emendatis, bonis, rectis, esse moribus : to be morally bad, piavis, corruptis, esse moribus. || According to probability, probabiliter (Cicero) ; ut videtur ; Cf. , not verisimiliter, late.
Morally certain, perhaps * probabilis et pæne necessario conclusus.
MORALS, || The doctrine of manners, doctrina de moribus ; bene vivendi disciplina ; quæ de hominum moribus dicuntur ; quæ de vita et moribus hominum præcipiuntur. || Moral character, vid. MORALITY.
MORASS, palus ; loca palustria, plural, or simply, palustria ; solum uliginosum ; terra uliginosa.
MORBID, morbosus, imbecillus, infirmus : a morbid state of mind, ægrotatio animi (Cicero).
MORE, plures, neuter plura ; complures, neuter complura (substantive and adjective ; plures it always comparative in vespect of a smaller number ; complures presents rather one collective idea, so that the comparison is overlooked) : plus (substantively, either alone or with a genitive [e. g. , plus pecuniæ], or adverbially ; with a comparative force, and always in respect of quantity ; it therefore denotes a greater number, mass, etc. , and figuratively, something of greater extent, value, etc. ; rarely, and only in certain connections, plus is = magis ; e. g. , plus amare, diligere) : amplius (as a neuter adjective, denotes greater extent, value, etc. ; e. g. , ego sum ædilis, hoc est, amplius quam privatus : it also denotes addition, without comparison ; e. g. , what do you want more ? quid vultis amplius? As an adverb, amplius denotes excess in duration of time (= longer), or excess of number ; e. g. , more than six hours, amplius sex horis ; more than a hundred men, amplius centum) : magis (adverb, refers to the quality of objects compared, and denotes that a property, a relation, etc. , exists in a higher degree ; e. g. , „ to take anything more as a reproach [than another does], aliquid in contumeliam accipere magis) : potius (adverbially, rather, sooner ; a subjective word, denoting choice betiveen two objects, actions, etc. With polius one of the objects compared is always actually preferred ; magis only attributes a higher degree to one, while both exist ; e. g. , would he have liked being at Utica more than being at Rome? an ille Uticæ potius quam Romæ esse maluisset?) : ultra, preposition with accusative (denotes excess of measure, relation, etc. , e. g. , more than half a pint, ultra heminam : more than a woman, ultra feminam). “Than” after more is expressed in Latin after plus and amplius by quam or by the ablative ; but with words of numoer quam is usually omitted ; quam is always used after magis and potius : more than once, sæpius (Cf. , Krebs says that plus quam semel, plus semel do not occur ; but they are sometimes found, although perhaps only in negative sentences ; e. g. , uterque – non plus quam semel eloquetur, Cicero, Off. , 3, 16, 51 ; Lucullus puer apud patrem nunquam lautum convivium vidit in quo plus semel Græcum vinum daretur, Varro). The English “more, ” in connection with a substantive or adjective, is frequently expressed by a comparative ; when a second member of comparison follows, this likewise must be in the comparative ; e. g. , with more attention or care, attentius, diligentius : with more boldness than fortune, fortius quam felicius : with more heat than caution, calidior quam cautior (cf : Grotef. , § 165, Zumpt, § 690). After negatives, (a) = further, over and above, amplius, ultra ; e. g. , I desire nothing more, nihil amplius or ultra flagito = longer, further, jam : no more = longer, non jam (Cicero and Livy do not use amplius in this sense with a negative) : = I hope no more, non jam, nihil jam spero : no one will any more say this, hoc jam nemo dicet : PHR. , To give more, plus dare (more than another) : amplius dare (to give after one has already given) : supra addere, or simply addere (to give over and above). To bid more, pluris liceri (more than another) : supra adjicere (to add to a former bidding) : to be more, plus esse (in number, in value, of things) : amplius esse (as to extent, value, dignity, of things) : potentiorem esse, plus posse (as to power) : altiorem dignitatis gradum tenere (as to rank ; these of persons). And what is more (intensive), et, quod plus est ; et quod majus est (Cf. , not et quod magis est) : atque adeo (and even) : quin etiam (moreover) : quid? yet what is still more, immo, immo enim vero : still more, plus etiam (as to quantity) : amplius (further) : this is no more than right (in assent), recte et merito : by so much more, tanto plus (in quantity, etc. ) : eo magis (in degree) : half as much more, dimidio plus ; dimidia parte plus : a little more, paullo plus or amplius : considerably more, aliquanto plus or amplius : much more, multo
plus (as to quantity, etc. ) : multo magis (in degree) : nothing more, nihilo plus ; nihilo magis : more or less, plus minusve ; plus minus (Cf. , magis aut minus is not class. ) : more and more, magis magisque ; magis et magis ; plus plusque.
MOREL, || A plant, solanum (Plinius). || A kind of cherry, * physalis Alkekengi (Linnæus).
MOREOVER, præterea, ad hoc, ad hæc (Cf. , not super hæc, super ista, adhuc, in classical prose ; cf. Benecke, Just. , 2, 9, 4) : secundum ea (next to those things ; as Cæsar, B. G. , 1, 33) : insuper (over and above) : ultra (further, beyond. Cf. , Alioquin and alias are not classical, according to Hand, Tursell. , 1, p. 235, sq. , and p. 225, sq. ) : primum hostium impetum sustinuerunt, multis ultro vulneribus illatis, and moreover (Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 28).
MORN, poetical for MORNING, vid.
MORNING, mane (indeclinable) : tempus matutinum (plural, the mornings, tempora matutina ; e. g. , lectiunculis consumere) : in the morning, mane ; matutino tempore : that is or takes place in the morning, matutinus : the early morning, primum mane ; prima lux, or simply, early in the morning, primo mane ; multo mane ; bene mane ; prima luce ; ubi primum illuxit ; ad lucem ; primo diluculo : from morning to evening, a mane ad vesperum : till morning, ad lucem (e. g. , vigilare) : ad ipsum mane (e. g. , vigilare noctes, poetical) : toward morning, sub lucem : the whole morning, totum mane : this morning, hodie mane : hodierno mane : yesterday morning, hesterno mane ; hesterno die mane : on the following morning, postero mane : the morning dawns, lucescit ; dilucescit ; lux appetit ; sol exoritur : good morning! salve! or (to several) salvete! to wish anyone good morning, salutare aliquem.
MORNING CALL, salutatio matutina, or simply salutatio (a saluting, etc. ) : officium antelucanum (early attendance) : to make a morning call, mane salutare, also simply salutare aliquem : to come to pay a morning call, venire aliquem salutatum.
MORNING-GOWN, * vestis quam mane induo (Cf. , avoid vestis matutina, which perhaps is not Latin) : vestis domestica (a gown worn in the house).
MORNING-STAR, stella diurna (Plautus, Men. , 1, 2, 26) : Lucifer, Venus (planet).
MORNING-WATCH, tertia vigilia (about three o’clock) : quarta vigilia (about six o’clock).
MOROCCO (leather), alu̅ta, -æ.
MOROSE, austerus, severus, tetricus, difficilis, morosus, tristis. SYN. in AUSTERE.
MOROSELY, austere, acerbe.
MOROSENESS, austeriras, acerbitas, severitas, difficultas, morositas, tristitia. SYN. in AUSTERE.
MORRIS-DANCE, ludus Mauritanicus, chorea (poetical) Mauritanica.
MORROW, crastinus dies, posterus dies (in narration, with reference to past time) : to-morrow, cras ; crastino die (in letters) : postridie ejus diei, qui erat tum futurus, quum hæc scribebam (vid. Cicero, Quintilianus, Fr. , 3, 2, 1) : early to-morrow, cras mane : till to-morrow, in crastinum (diem) : on the morrow (i. e. , on the following day, in narratives of past transactions), postero die.
MORSEL, || A mouthful, offula (Columella) ; offella, bucella (Mart. ; frustulum, Appuleius) : a morsel of bread, mica panis (Petronius) : delicate morsels, lautitiæ(Suetonius) ; bonæ res (Nepos, Ages. , 8, 5) ; cupedia, -orum (Plautus). || A small quantity, frustum ; paululum (Cicero) ; exiguum (Plinius) ; also, by diminutives ; e. g. , my morsel of money, nummuli mei ; vindemiolæ nostræ (Cicero) : he has not a morsel of brains, ne tantillum quidem sapit.
MORTAL, || Subject to death, mortalis ; morti obnoxius : mortals, homines, mortales (Cf. , m the best prose only in connection with omnes, cuncti, multi not for homines, general term). || Deadly, destructive, mortifer (Cf. , letalis or letifer, poetical). || Extreme (a vulgar acceptation of the word) ; by superlatives : a mortal enemy, hostis capitalis, infensissimus, implacabilis. || Human, humanus.
MORTALITY, || State of being subject to death, mortalitas ; mortalis conditio or natura. || Death, mors, interitus, obitus. [Vid. DEATH. ] || Frequency of death, numerus mortuorum : there was a great mortality that year, permulti homines eo anno mortui sunt or morte absumti sunt : || Human nature, mortals, homines (plural).
MORTALLY, || To death, mortifere, letaliter (Plinius) : to be mortally wounded, mortiferum vulnus accipere. || Extremely, misere ; perditer ; valde ; vehementer.
MORTAR, || A vessel in which anything is pounded, mortarium ; pila (less than mortarium) : a small mortar, mortariolum (late) : pila paullula (Cato, R. R. , 14, 2) : to pound anything in a mortar, in mortario or in pila tundere ; in pila pinsere. || A kind of large gun, * mortarium (bellicum). || Prepared lime, mortarium, calx præparata (Vitruvius) ; arenatum (one third lime and two thirds sand) : to cover with mortar, arenatum inducere alicui rei.
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MORTGAGE, s. , hypotheca : Cf. , pignus means a pledge, and is said of moveable articles ; hypotheca only of immoveables ; but pignus may be used in the sense of mortgage, when the context fixes the sense ; e. g. , domum agrosque pignori accipere (Tacitus), to take upon mortgage.