en_la_45 – tokyomaths.com

Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths. com

LUCRE, lucrum ; quæstus, -ûs.

LUCUBRATE, lucubrare.

Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths. com

LUCUBRATION, lucubratio (i. e., night study ; or, anything composed by night, Cicero).

LUDICROUS, ridiculus (of persons and things) ; ridendus (of things) ; Cf., not ludicra or ludicrum in this sense.

LUDICROUSLY, ridicule.

LUG, v., trahere (Cicero).

LUG, s., (a sort of small fish), * lumbricus marinus (Linnæus).

LUGGAGE, sarcinæ, plural : impedimenta, plural (especially of an army, baggage) : so also vasa, plural (of an army).

LUKEWARM, tepidus, tepens (properly and figuratively) : lukewarm in anything, lentus et pæne frigidus (Cicero) in aliqua re (faciendâ) : qui quæ cupit, ita frigide agit, ut nolle existimetur (Cœlius, ap. Cicero, Fam., 8, 10, 3). To become lukewarm, tepescere : to be lukewarm, tepere (properly and figuratively) : to make lukewarm, tepefacere (properly) : lukewarm in religion, negligens dei or deorum.

LUKEWARMLY, tepide.

LUKEWARMNESS, || Properly, tepor. || Figuratively, tepida mens (Ovidius) ; frigus ; nulla cura ; segnitia.

Lukewarmness in religion, rerum divinarum pæne nulla cura ; lentus animus et pæne rigidus in rebus divinis ; imminutum rerum divinarum studium.

LULL, v., || TRANS., Properly. To sing to sleep, (infantem) * cantando sopire. Figuratively. To calm, pacify, tranquillare : pacare ; tranquillum facere. || INTRANS., (of the wind), (ventus) cadit (Livius), concidit (Horatius), remittit, intermittitur (Cæsar). The wind had lulkd, venti vis omnis cecidit : when the wind had lulled a little, ut lenita paulum vis venti est (Livius) : the wind had suddenly so completely lulled, that, tanta subito malacia exstitit, ut (Cæsar).

LULLABY, carmen quod adhibetur infantibus (see Quintilianus, 1, 10, 22) ; lalli somniferi modi (Auson., Ep., 16, 91). Cf., There is no authority for nænia in this sense. To sing lullaby, (infantem) * cantando sopire ; lallare (Persius).

LUMBER, scruta, -orum, plural (Horatius) ; * supellectilis obsoleta. A lumber room, * cella supellectili obsoletæ servandæ.

LUMINARY, lumen.

LUMINOUS, || Properly, luminosus ; lucidus ; illustris ; splendens ; fulgens. || Figuratively, lucidus (that has or gives sufficient light ; also, figuratively, clear ; Cf., for which Cicero, however, always uses dilucidus) : dilucidus, perspicuus, candidus, apertus, planus (figuratively, clear, distinct, intelligible). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) apertus (planus) atque dilucidus (opposed to confusus et perturbatus) ; dilucidus et perspicuus ; planus et persplcuus ; distinctus (figuratively, well-arranged, perspicuous : all of a speech, narrative, etc. : lucidus, candidus, and distinctus also of the speaker himself).

LUMINOUSLY (figuratively), lucide, dilucide, clare, perspicue.

LUMP, massa (a shapeless mass) : gleba (a clod of earth, or anything in that shape). A little lump, massula ; glebula.

LUMPISH,

LUMPY, || Thick, crassus (in lumps) : globosus. To be lumpy, in globulas or massulas dilabi, solvi, dissolvi. || Stupid, stolidus ; stupidus ; hebes.

LUNACY, error lunaticus ; seleniasmus (technical term).

LUNAR, lunaris.

Lunar year, annus ad cursum lunæ descriptus (vid. Livius, 1, 19) ; annus lunaris (late).

LUNATICUS, lunaticus (Vegetious).

LUNATION, cursus lunaris ; cursus lunas.

LUNCHEON, cibus meridianus ; also prandium (i. e., a meal about 12 o’clock ; Suetonius, Oct., 78).

LUNGS, pulmo, pulmones (properly) : latera, -um, neuter (rather figuratively, in respect of exertion in speaking). To have good lungs, bonis lateribus esse ; in clamando esse bene robustum. Inflammation of the lungs, * inflammatio pulmonum : anything is a sign of inflammation in the lung, aliquid pulmonem inflammatum esse significat (after Celsus 2, 7, p. 70, Bip. ).

LUNT, funiculus incendiarius ; fomes tormentarius.

LURCH, To leave in the lurch, destituere aliquem ; auxilio aliquem orbare [vid. LEAVE] : the ship heaves a lurch, * navis inclinatur.

LURCHER, insidiator ; qui insidiatur.

LURE, s., cibus ad fraudem alicujus positus (properly, i. e., a bait, Livius) : esca, illecebra (properly and figuratively ; i. e., bait, enticement).

LURE, v., Properly, inescare. Figuratively, allicere ; allectare ; invitare et allectare ; allectare et invitare (aliquem ad aliquid) ; illicere or pellicere aliquem in or ad aliquid ; illecebris trabere (to lure successfully).

LURID, obscurus (opposed to illustris, lucidus) ; caliginosus, tenebricosus, tenebris circumfusus, ater (stronger than obscurus).

LURK, || To lie concealed, delitescere in aliquo loco ; occultare se in aliquo loco. || To lie concealed for a purpose, to watch from a hiding-place, insidiari ; esse in insidiis ; speculari ; esse in speculâ or (of several) in speculis.

LURKING-PLACE, latebra (especially of men) : latibulum (especially of animals) : locus latebrosus (convenient for lurking in). To be in a lurking-place, latebris se occultare ; latibulis se tegere.

LUSCIOUS, dulcissimus, prædulcis (very sweet) : nimis dulcis (too sweet).

LUSCIOUSNESS, dulcedo ; * nimia dulcedo.

LUST, s., libido (sensual inclination ; especially in plural, libidines, lusts) : cupiditas ; cupido (desire in a good sense ; then also in a bad sense : Cf., cupido only in poets and historians ; not used by Cicero) : aviditas (greedy desire) : studium (eager desire of obtaining). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) studium cupiditasque : appetitus ; appetitio ; appetentia (instinctive longing for anything) : desiderium (longing that feels a void till it is satisfied ; often the desire of what one has been deprived of) : (cupiditatis) ardor ; impetus ; sitis ; indomita atque effrenata cupiditas ; cupiditas insatiabilis. The lusts of the flesh, cupiditates ; libidines (as lustful desires) : (corporis) voluptates (sensual indulgences) : to be the slave of lust, libidinibus se dare, dedere ; voluptationibus servire : se tradere ; totum se libidinibus or corporis voluptatibus dedere : to bridle one’s lusts, cupiditatibus imperare ; cupiditates coercere libidines domitas habere : the lust of gain, lucri or quæstus studium ; avaritia : lust of honor, studium laudis ; studium cupiditasque honorum.

LUST, v., after anything, appetentem, cupidum, avidum, studiosum esse alicujus rei ; concupiscere aliquid ; appetere aliquid ; alicujus rei studio teneri ; alicujus rei studio or cupiditate ardere, flagrare.

LUSTFUL, libidinosus (of persons, and also of things that indicate anybody’s lustful propensity) : ad voluptates propensus ; voluptatibus or rebus venereis deditus ; libidinum plenus (of persons) : libidine accensus (under the influence of passion) : impudicus (shameless) : delicatus (properly, soft, effeminate ; then wanton ; e. g., sermo). A lustful life, vita libidinosa or libidinibus dedita, or in libidines effusa : to be a lustful person, libidinum plenum esse.

LUSTFULLY, libidinose ; or by the verb or adjective.

LUSTILY, impigre ; strenue ; alacri, prompto, acri animo : alacriter (Justinus).

LUSTINESS, vigor ; alacritas ; animus alacer.

LUSTRAL, lustralis.

LUSTRATE, lustrare ; expiare (by sacrifice).

LUSTRATION, lustrum (made by the censor, on going out of office, on behalf of the whole people) : piaculum (sacrifice offered for expiation) : lustratio (purification by offerings, Livius, 40, 6).

LUSTRE, || Brightness, splendor. Properly, splendor ; nitor ; fulgor ; ardor ; radiatio. Livy, of gold or silver, splendor or fulgor auri, argenti : lustre of a precious stone, nitor gemmæ. Figuratively, splendor ; nitor ; fulgor ; claritas ; dignitas. Livy, of family, of rank, splendor familiæ (Suetonius), ordinis alicujus (Cicero) : lustre of one’s name, exploits, fulgor nominis (Livius), rerum (Plinius) : to give lustre to, lucem afferre alicui rei ; illustrare, exornare aliquid. || A sconce with lights, lychnuchus pensilis (Plinius) or pendens (Lucretius). || The space of five years, lustrum.

LUSTY, vegetus ; validus ; acer ; alacer.

LUTANIST, perhaps lyricen (Statius) ; lyristes (Plinius, Ep. ) ; citharista, fidicen (Cicero) ; citharœdus (Cicero, that sings to the instrument).

LUTE, perhaps testudo, cithara, lyra. To play upon the lute, fidibus canere (Cicero) ; pulsare testudinem ; cantare lyra testudineâ (Kraft).

LUXATE, luxare aliquid (Plinius). Cf., There is not sufficient authority for eluxare. To be luxated, moved sua sede, de suo loco (Celsus) ; artus in pravum elapsi (Tacitus, Hist., 4, 81 ; luxated).

LUXATION, luxatura (Marcellinus, Emp. ) ; depravatio (membrorum, Cicero, Fin., 5, 12, 35).

LUXURIANCE, || Of vegetation, luxuria, or luxuries. || Of style, etc., luxuries.

LUXURIANT, || Of vegetation, luxurians, luxuriosus (Cicero) ; lætus (Vergilius, Livius). || Of style, etc., luxurians, mollis (Cicero).

LUXURIOUS, luxuriosus (in a bad sense) : delicatus (elegant, that has to do with refinement rather than with necessaries ; not necessarily in a bad sense) : mollis (effeminate) : sumtuosus (that causes expense ; e. g., domus).

Luxurious dress, cultus effusior or luxuriosus : in a luxurious manner, luxuriose
; delicate ; molliter ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) delicate ac molliter (e. g., vivere).

LUXURY, luxus, -ûs (usually subjective, denoting the habit or condition, but sometimes of the objects) : luxuria (always subjective, of the propensity or disposition) : lautior victus cultusque ; nimia in victucultuque magnificentia ; cultus effusior (excessive expense in dress and furniture) ; cultus delicatus, deliciæ (in a better sense, of elegance in dress and furniture). Articles of luxury, res ad luxuriam pertinentes (in respect of eating and drinking) : instrumenta luxuriæ, invitamenta ad luxuriam (as excitements to luxury) : merces delicatæ, deliciæ (in respect of dress, jewels, etc. ; vid. Ruhnken, Sen., Benef., 6, 38, 3) : arts of luxury, artes quæ ad vitæ ornamenta pertinent : to pass on from necessaries to luxuries, a necessariis artibus ad elegantiora defluere (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 25, 62).

LYCEUM,

Lyceum (Cicero).

LYE, lix ; cinis lixivius or lixivia ; or simply lixivia : Cf., lixivium late. To wash in lye, cinere lixivio elutriare ; lintea lixivia perfundere : to penetrate with lye, lixivia imbuere.

LYING, mendax (vid. the proper word ; Cf., in classical prose never of things) : fallax (deceitful) : vanus (empty, both of persons or things). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) vanus et mendax, vanus et fallax : vaniloquus (bragging, of persons) : falsus, fictus (false, pretended, of things) : Cf., mendaciloquus is comic. LYING, s., Vid. LIE.

LYING-IN, puerperium. A lying-in woman, puerpera : a lying-in hospital, * lechodochi̅um ; * domus publica, ubi parturientibus opera præstatur.

LYMPH, lympha (Ser. Samm. ).

LYRE, cithăra. To play on the lyre, citharizare (Nepos, Epam., 2, 1) ; cithara canere : to accompany the lyre with a song, carmen formare cithara (vid. Gierig, Plin., Ep., 4, 19, 1) : music of the lyre, chordarum sonus (the sound) ; ars citharœdica (the art) : to sing to the lyre, citharizare et. ad chordarum sonum cantare (Nepos, Epam., 2, 1) : a player on the lyre, citharista ; citharœdus (if he accompany the instrument with his voice) ; feminine, citharistria ; citharœda (inscriptions).

LYRIC, lyricus ; melicus. A lyric poet, poeta lyricus, poeta melicus, melicus (general term) : the lyric poets, lyriti, melici (all of the Silver Age ; in Cicero, Or., 55, 183) ; also, by by circumlocution poetæ, qui λυρικοί a Græcis nominantur : a lyric poem, carmen lyricum, melicum : lyrics, poësis melica.

MAC (a Scotch word), filius.

MACARONI, * macăro.

MACAROON, * turundæ Italæ, plural.

MACE, || A kind of spice ; some say, macis, -idis, feminine (Plautus), or macir (Plinius).

MACE, || An ensign of authority, * virga, or fasces (apparitoris or acœnsi).

MACE- BEARER, accensus ; apparitor.

MACERATE, macerare ; attenuare (corpus).

MACHINATE, machinari ; moliri ; struere.

MACHINATION, machinatio (Cicero) ; dolus, machina (Cicero).

MACHINE, machina (Cicero) ; machinatio (Cæsar, Vitruvius) ; machinamentum (with reference to its use) : compages, pegma (with reference to its frame-work or construction) : warlike machine, instrumentum belli ; machinæ bellicæ, plural : a mere machine, qui nihil unquam arbitrio suo fecit (Cicero) ; qui vivit ad aliorum arbitrium, non ad suum (Cicero) ; * qui tamquam machinatione aliqua movetur ; * quem aliquam machinam citius dixerim, quam hominem ; or, quem non tam cito hominem dixerim, quam aliquam machinam : like a mere machine, machinæ modo ; sine sensu or judicio ; alieno impetu ; non sua sponte : to become a mere machine, nihil amplius suo consilio, sua sponte, agere : he is a mere machine, homo iste nihil suo consilio, nihil interno pulsu agit, mollitur (Kraft).

MACHINERY, || Machines collectively, machinæ, plural ; machinatio (Vitruvius). || Works of a machine, machinatio ; machina. || Enginery, scientia machinalis (Plinius) ; disciplina mechanica (Gellius). || Figuratively, machinatio. Vid. also, MEANS, INSTRUMENTALITY.

MACHINIST, machinator.

MACKEREL, scomber (Plinius) ; scomber scomber (Linnæus).

MAD, || Properly, insanus (not restrained by reason) : vesanus (not guided by reason) : amens (out of one’s mind) : demens (that acts irrationally) : lympha̅tus (seized with boundless and uncontrollable enthusiasm) : furiosus (raving) : a sanitate alienus : mente captus ; qui a mente sua discessit (Cicero, not in one’s right mind). A mad dog, canis rabidus, rabiosus : to be mad, insanire ; furere ; (of a dog) rabiosum esse : are you mad? satin’ sanus es? num sanæ mentis es? to go or be driven mad, in insaniam incidere (Cicero) ; ad insaniam adigi (Terentianus) ; rabie, furore incitari, efferri, efferari ; (of a dog) rabiosum fieri ; in rabiem agi : I am almost mad, male mihi consto ; impotens animi sum ; vix mentis compos sum : a mad attempt, amens conatus, inceptum : to be mad with anger, vehementissime irasci, succensere (alicui) ; ira in aliquem flagrare, or incensum esse. || Figuratively, mirus ; monstrosus (very strange) : stolide audax ; ferox ; temerarius (rash, inconsiderate).

MADAM, domina.

MADCAP, homo ferocioris, vehementioris, ingenii : a young madcap, fervidus florente juventa (Horatius A. P., 115).

MADDEN, || To drive mad, ad insaniam adigere (Terentianus) ; insaniam facere, gignere (Plinius). To madden with anger, efferare (Livius), ira incendere aliquem (Terentianus).

MADDER (a plant), rubia (Vitruvius).

MAD-HOUSE, * domus publica, qua continentur homines insani, furiosi ; morotrophi̅um (technical term). He is fit for a mad-house, huic helleborum opus est (Plautus, Pseud., 4, 7, 89) ; naviget Anticyram (Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 166).

MADLY, || Properly, furiose ; insane. || Figuratively, mire, monstrose (strangely) ; temere, stolide, inconsulto (rashly, inconsiderately).

MADMAN, homo insanus, etc. Vid. MAD.

MADNESS, || Properly, mens alienata (Livius) ; mentis alienatio (Celsus ; aberration of intellect) : vesania (want of intellectual perception) : insania (when reason has lost its poiver, insanity) : vecordia (of those whose mind is disturbed by the prevalence of some one idea or set of ideas) : amentia (want of sense, intellectual blindness ; affectio animi lumine carens, Cicero, Tusc., 3, 5, 10) : dementia (irrational conduct) : deliratio (want of rational or connected ideas ; of idiots, or of the enfeebled mind in extreme old age) : furor : mentis ad omnia cæcitas (blind and senseless impulse) : rabies (of animals, rarely of men) : to drive to madness, ad insaniam adigere (Terentianus) ; in furorem vertere aliquem (Curtius) : to be driven to madness, ad insaniam venire ; in rabiem agi (Livius), in insaniam incidere (Cicero). A piece of madness, insania ; facinus insanum, monstrosum, mirum : an intolerable piece of madness, insaniæ non tolerabiles (Cicero). || Figuratively, rage, furor ; rabies.

MADRIGAL, * epigramma quod Madrigal vocant.

MAD-WOMAN, insana (mulier).

MAGAZINE, || A store-house, horreum ; receptaculum alicujus rei (Cf., armarium promtuarium is a closet in which victuals are kept ; and cella promtuaria = a larder). To build or erect magazines, horrea ponere, ædificare ; horrea (certis locis) constituere. || A literary journal, * commentarii literati ; * ephemerides literariæ. Article in a magazine, pars, caput, cc. ll. : contribution to a magazine ; vid. CONTRIBUTION, end.

MAGGOT, || A kind of worm or grub, vermes ; vermiculus ; teredo (Plinius). || An odd fancy, mirum or ineptum commentum ; ineptiæ, plural.

MAGGOTY, || Full of maggots, vermiosus (Plinius). || Full of odd fancies, ineptus.

MAGIC, ars magica (Livius) ; magice (Plinius) ; magica (Appuleius) ; veneficium (Livius). To practise magic, artem magicam, artes magicas, exercere, colere, tractare : to do by magic, arte magica perficere aliquid : a magic lantern, * laterna magica.

MAGICAL, magicus : A kind of magical power, vis quædam divina, plane mirabilis et singularis. A magical formulary or incantation, carmen (magicum) ; cantio.

MAGICALLY, magice ; vi magica.

MAGICIAN, magus (Horatius, Lucan. : Cf., incantator late). A magician’s wand, virgula divina (Cicero) ; virga venenata (Ovidius, Met., 14, 413).

MAGISTERIAL, || Of or relating to a magistrate, by the substantive. A magisterial office, magistratus. || Imperious, haughty, imperiosus ; superbus ; insolens ; arrogans.

MAGISTERIALLY, || As a magistrate, by circumlocution with the substantive. || Imperiously, imperiose.

MAGISTRACY, magistratus, -ûs.

MAGISTRATE, magistratus, -ûs (one bearing a civic office ; qui jura reddit) : The higher magistrates, magistratus majores (in the Roman sense, those who had the imperium) : the inferior magistrates, magistratus minores (in the Roman sense, those who had not the imperium, namely, ædiles and quæstors under the republic, and municipal magistrates under the empire ; vid. Dict. Antiquities, MAGISTRATUS : Cf., officiales is late).

MAGNANIMITY, animi magnitudo, excellentia, excelsitas ; animus magnus et excelsus (Cicero).

MAGNANIMOUS, magnanimus ; celsus ; excelsus.

MAGNANIMOUSLY, magno animo ; excelse.

MAGNET, || Properly, magnes, -e̅tis ; magnes lapis ; lapis Heracle̅us (the loadstone). || Figuratively, quod ad se attrahit, allicit.

MAGNETIC, magnesius, mrgneticus (the former, Lucretius, 6, 1062 ; the latter, Claudian. de magn., 26).

Magnetic power, * attrahendi, quæ dicitur vis (properly) ; * mira quædam vis (figuratively).

MAGNETISM, * magnetismus (technical term). Animal magnetism, * magnetismus animalis (technical term).

MAGNETIZE, * vi magnetica, aliquid imbuere (properly, by the magnet) : * manuum contrectatione mulcere, permulcere (figuratively by the hands).

MAGNIFICENCE, splendor, magnificentia (general term) : lautitia (in style of living) : pompa (in processions, etc. ).

MAGNIFICENT, splendidus ; magnificus ; lautus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) splendidus et magnificus ; magnificus et lautus ; magnificus et præclarus ; sumtuosus (opposed to sordidus).

MAGNIFICENTLY, splendide ; magnifice ; laute ; opipare (e. g., domum instruere ; Plautus).

MAGNIFIER, || Magnifying glass, * microscopium (technical term).

MAGNIFY, || Properly. To cause to appear larger, * res objectas augere et amplificare. || Figuratively, To exaggerate, rem exaggerare verbis, oratione ; augere verbis ; amplificare ; multiplicare ; in falsum augere aliquid (falsely) ; exasperare aliquid verbis (of anything bad ; Quintilianus, 4, 2, 75). to magnify exceedingly, præter modum, supra veritatem, exornare aliquid ; immodice magnitudinem a rei augere. || Figuratively, To praise, extol ; vid. PRAISE, EXTOL.

MAGNITUDE, || Properly, magnitudo (greatness) ; amplitudo, ambitus, spatium (with the idea of space or extent) : modus (with the idea of a certain measure). || Figuratively, magnitudo ; amplitudo ; gravitas.

MAGPIE, corvus pica (Linnæus).

MAHOMETAN, * Mahummedanus ; * formulæ Muhammedanæ addictus.

MAID,

MAIDEN, s., puella ; virgo (a virgin). A little maid, puellula ; virguncula : a grown-up maid, puella adulta ; virgo : a pretty maid, puella lepida : he looks like a maid, puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (Ovidius, Met., 10, 631) : a maid-servant, puella ; famula (a waiting-maid) ; ancilla (a house-maid) ; cubicularia (a chamber-maid, inscriptions).

MAIDEN, adjective, puellaris ; virginalis (of a virgin).

Maiden modesty, verecundia virginea : he has a maiden appearance, puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (Ovidius, Met., 10, 631).

MAIDEN-HAIR (a plant), adiantum (Plinius, Linnæus). English or common maiden-hair, Asplinium Trichomanes (Linnæus).

MAIDENHOOD, virginitas (Cicero).

MAIDENLY, virgineus ; virginalis.

MAID-SERVANT, Vid. MAID.

MAIL. || A coat of steel net-work, thorax (made of metal plates) : lori̅ca (of leather, with metal) : cataphracta (for horse and rider). To put on a coat of mail, thoracem induere (Plinius) ; munimentum corporis sumere (Curtius) ; pectus munire thorace, lori̅câ.

MAIL, || For conveyance of letters, * cursus publicus epistolis perferendis (formerly, * tabellarii publici, Muret. ) : rheda cursualis publica (the carriage, after Code Theodosius, 12, 11) : celeris mutatio cursus publici (he quick change of horses, Ammian, 21, 9). A mail-bag, * folliculus epistolis servandis.

MAIM, mutilare (Livius) ; demutilare (Columella) ; truncare (Livius, Tacitus) ; detruncare (Livius).

MAIMED, mutilus ; mutilatus ; truncatus ; detruncatus ; truncus.

MAIMING, mutilatio (Celsus) ; detruncatio (Plinius).

MAIN, adjective, præcipuus ; primus ; maximus. The main point, caput or surama ; of anything, alicujus rei ; res omnium gravissima, summa or maxima ; res magna or gravis ; res magni momenti or magni discriminis : this is the main, hoc caput est ; hoc maximum or primuin est : to depart or digress fin the main point, a proposito aberrare or declinare : to return to the main point, ad propositum reverti or redire : to make anything a main point, omne studium in aliqua re ponere ; præ ceteris aliquid agere or spectare ; id agere ut, etc.

MAIN, s., Vid. SEA. κυρικιμασαηικο MAINLY, maxime ; præcipue ; potissimum ; in primis ; præsertim.

MAIN-MAST, malus medius.

MAINPRISE, Vid. BAIL.

MAINTAIN, || To support, defend, tenere, obtinere (where the truth is contested) : contendere ; defendere (the former, to endeavor to carry against a different opinion ; the latter, to defend ; both, against opposition) : affirmare (to maintain as true, to assert, affirm) : asseverare (to maintain earnestly : Cf., in Cicero, followed by an accusative and infinitive ; in the Silver Age, found also, with a simple accusative. Cf., Asserere is not classical in this sense) : efficere (to establish by proof) : disserere, disputare (to assert and discuss) : ponere, proponere, placet or videtur mihi (to lay down as one’s own opinion) : dicere (to give as one’s opinion : all followed by an accusative and infinitive) : aio (I say that a thing is so ; opposed to nego) : to maintain the contrary, negare : Democritus maintains that no one can be a good poet without enthusiasm, Democritus negat, sine furore quemquam poetam magnura esse posse. || To supply with the necessaries of life, nutrire aliquem (to nourish with food and drink) : alere (in a wider sense, to furnish everything that serves for sustenance) : sustinere, sustentare aliquem , victum alicui præbere (to care for one’s maintenance) : to maintain one’s self by any means, alere se aliqua re (e. g., se suosque latrociniis) : victum quæritare aliqua re (e. g., lanâ ac telâ, Terentianus, Andr., 1, 1, 48 ; therefore, by one’s needle, acu) : to maintain one’s self by selling chaplets, coronas venditando sustentare paupertatem : maintain one’s self by the labor of one’s hands, manum mercede tolerare inopiam. MAINTAINABLE, i. e., tenable, qui defendi potest : hæ sunt sententiæ quæ stabilitatis aliquid habeant (Cicero, Tusc., 5, 30, 85 ; are maintainable).

MAINTAINER, Use the verbs.

MAINTENANCE. || Defence, support, defensio ; tuitio ; propugnatio ; or by the verbs ; e. g., quantum esset ad rem obtinendam. || Nourishment, support of life, sustentatio (Ulpianus) ; use the verbs, e. g., sustinere, sustentare, alere (Cf., nutritus, only Plinius, 22, 24, 53, in another sense) : alimenta (Juristical technical term, sum allowed for the maintenance of a wife).

MAJESTIC, augustus, sanctus (that deserves high honor) : imperatorius (commanding, imposing) : splendidus, magnificus (splendid, magnificent) : a majestic form or appearance, forma augusta or imperatoria ; habitus augustus.

MAJESTY, majestas (exalted rank or position) : numen (great power and dignity) : clothed with majesty, augustus. MAJOR (in the army), * præfectus (vigilum).

MAJORITY, || Major part, major pars, major numerus (in comparison with another number) : multitudo (a considerable number) : often by plures (more) or plurimi (most) ; e. g., the majority of historians, plures auctores : Servius look care that the majority should not prevail, Servius curavit, ne plurimum plurimi vale̅rent : majority of votes, sententiæ plures (of senators or judges) : suffragia, or puncta, plurima (of citizens in the comitia) : to have the majority, magnis suffragiis superare ; pluribus suffragiis vincere : to be acquitted by a very large, immense majority, sententiis fere omnibus absolvi : the majority (in the Senate) decided for the same opinion, pars major in eandem sententiam ibat. || Full age, plena, justa et legitima, ætas. || Rank or office of a major, * munus præfecti (vigilum) ; præfectura. A great majority, multis partibus plures (e. g., vole with anybody, in alicujus sententiam eunt, Cicero, Fam., 1, 2). MAJOR PART, Vid. MAJORITY.

MAKE, v., || To produce, facere : conficere : efficere (to accomplish, effect) : creare (to create) : to make money by, pecuniam conficere de re : to make great profits by anything, rem habere quæstuosissimam (Cicero) : to make a fortune, in multas opes crescere (Plinius) : collocupletare se (Terentianus) : made for anything (i. e., constituted, adapted by nature), ad aliquid factus ; alicui rei or ad aliquid natus factusque (opposed to ad aliquid doctus or institutus). || In arithmetic, efficere (to make up) : esse, fieri (to amount ; vid. Columella, 5, 2, 6, has duas summas in se multiplicato, quinquagies centeni fiunt quinque millia. Horum pars dimidia duo millia quingeni, quæ pars jugeri unciam et scripulum efficit : Cicero, Verr., 3, 49, 116, Professio est agri Leontini ad jugerum XXX. millia. Hæc sunt ad tritici medimnûm XC., id est tritici modium DXL. millia) (Cicero, Verr., 3, 49, 116, Professio est agri Leontini ad jugerum XXX. Hæc sunt ad tritici medimnûm XC., id est tritici modium DXL. ): || To cause a person or thing to become anything. (a) To nominate, facere, instituere (to institute) : constituere (to fix, appoint) : creare (to choose, elect ; aliquem, followed by an accusative of that which anyone is made, etc. ) ; e. g., make a person one’s heir, heredem aliquem facere, instituere. (b) To put anyone in a certain state (with adjectives expressing the nature of the state), facere, efficere, reddere aliquem, followed by an accusative of the predicate (Cf., with this difference, that facere and efficere are, to produce a certain state or condition ; reddere is,
to place in a certain state or condition) ; e. g., to make one unserviceable, aliquem inutilem facere (as, by a wound) : to make a person better, aliquem meliorem reddere : to make tame or gentle, homines ex feris mites reddere or homines feros mites reddere (Cf., Herzog, Sall., Cat., 14, 3) : to make anything of a person, aliquem pulchre erudire (to instruct well) : aliquem producere ad dignitatem (to promote) : to make much of anyone, aliquem magni facere (to value highly) : multum alicui tribuere (to assign much to anyone) : aliquem colere (to respect, reverence) : to make little or nothing of one, aliquem parvi facere (to value little) : aliquem contemnere (to despise) : to make much of anything, aliquid magni facere, existimare (to value highly) : aliquid in honore habere (to hold in honor) : not make much account of anything, aliquid haud in magno pretio ponere. || To cause, efficere ; facere : I did not make him do it, non facit impulsu meo (Terentianus). || To represent, by description or otherwise facere (by art, or by words) : fingere (by art, of statuaries, etc. : both take the accompanying verb, if active, in the participle present ; if passive, in the infinitive present ; e. g. ), Xenophon makes Socrates say, Xenophon facit Socratem disputantem : he makes the world to be constructed by the Deity, a Deo construi atque ædificari mundum facit. || MAKE AWAY [vid. DESTROY]. || MAKE HASTE [vid. HASTEN]. || MAKE AN OFFER [vid. OFFER]. || MAKE OVER, transferre ; transmitter. || MAKE READY [vid. PREPARE]. || MAKE UP = To constitute, efficere, also, esse (in contents, value ; to consist of) : explere, implere (to amount to ; the former also = efficere) : how much does it make up? quæ summa est? quantum est ? to make up four thousand men, quatuor milia militum explere : to make up a great sum, longam summam efficere : the gold which made up an Attic talent, quod summam Attici talenti explebat : to make up a whole (of quarters), multitudinem integri assequi et exæquare (vid. Auct, ad Her., 4, 20, 22). To compose, reconcile [vid. COMPOSE, RECONCILE]. || MAKE USE, uti aliqua re (mostly with the idea of need and enjoyment, χρῆσθαι) : usurpare aliquid (to use a thing as opportunity occurs, of momentary use) : adhibere aliquid alicui rei (to apply a thing in a single case to a definite object, with the notion of purpose and intention) : to make use of anyone, uti alicujus opera (his assistance) or consilio (his advice), to make use of a saying of Solon’s, ut Sulonis dictum usurpem. MAKE, Vid., FORM, FIGURE.

MAKE-BATE, pacis turbator or runtor.

MAKER, fabricator ; opifex ; auctor ; or, by circumlocution, artifex mundi Deus (Maker of the world ; Plinius) : artifex omnium natura (Cicero, Maker of all things).

MALACHITE, malachites, -æ.

MALADMINISTRATION, * mala rerum administratio.

MALADY, morbus ; ægrotado : Cf., ægritudo, in this sense, is not classical.

MALAPERT, male moratus ; immodestus.

MALCONTENTS, novis rebus studentes (Cæsar) ; rerum mutationis cupidi (Cicero, Att., 8, 3, 4) ; qui ægre ferunt præsentem rerum publicarum formam, statum : Cf., male contenti, non contenti would not be Latin. Vid. also, DISAFFECTED.

MALE, virilis, masculus : masculinus (of men or animals) : the male sex, sexus masculinus (of men or animals) ; genus masculinum (Phædrus) ; sexus virilis (Nepos, Tacitus, only of men).

MALEDICTION, Vid. CURSE.

MALEFACTOR, maleficus (general term, the doer of a bad action) : sons, nocens, noxius (guilty ; sons, condemned, or deserved condemnation ; nocens and noxius simply as the originator or cause of harm) : sons reus, nocens reus, noxæ reus (so far as the malefactor is in the position of an accused person) : Cf., malefactor does not occur in the best age.

MALEVOLENCE, malitia.

MALEVOLENT, malitiosus ; malevŏlus ; malevolens : Cf., not malignus in this sense.

MALEVOLENTLY, malitiose.

MALICE, malitia (explained, Cicero, N. D., 3, 30, 75, by versuta et fallax nocendi ratio) : improbitas (unjust, dishonest disposition) : to do anything out of malice., aliquid malitiose facere.

MALICIOUS, Vid. MALEVOLENT.

MALICIOUSLY, malitiose.

MALIGNANT, malus (bad ; of things and persons) : malitiosus, improbus (morally bad ; of persons) : malignus (evil or ill disposed ; of persons ; opposed to benignus) : gravis (oppressive, violent ; e. g., climate, cœlum) : a malignant disease, morbus anceps ; valetudo gravis et periculosa.

MALIGNITY, malitia ; improbitas (moral depravity) : malignitas (ill-will) : gravitas (oppressive vehemence ; e. g., cœli, morbi).

MALLEABILITY, tractabilitas (Vitruvius) ; flexibilitas (Solin. ) ; lenta or mollis natura.

MALLEABLE, tractabilis ; ductilis (e. g., ferrum, Plinius) : mollis (e. g., aurum, Vergilius).

MALLET, malleus.

MALLOW (a plant), malva (Plinius) ; also, malache, moloche (Columella) : of or belonging to mallow, malvaceus (Plinius).

MALT, s., * hordeum aqua perfusum quod sole siccatum aut igni tostum et deinde molis fractum est ; * hordeum tostum or frictum : to make malt, * hordeum aqua, perfusum or hordeum madidum sole siccare et deinde frigĕre (after Plinius, 18, 7, 14).

MALT, v., = to make malt, vid. the substantive.

MALT-HOUSE, * domus horreo frigendo.

MALTING-FLOOR, * tabulatum hordeo madefacto et tosto siccando.

MALTREAT, aliquem nimis aspere tractare (to treat hardly, general term) : lædere or injuste lædere aliquem (Cicero, general term, to injure) : alicui or in aliquem insultare ; violare aliquem (to injure or damage) : vim afferre alicui (to offer violence to) : male aliquem mulcare, or simply mulcare aliquem (e. g., with staves and clubs, with blows). Cf., Male habere aliquem (e. g., hostem) is only = to disturb, harass.

MALTREATMENT, vexatio (as an act) : injuria, contumelia (inflicted).

MALVERSATION, * mala rei or rerum adminisiratio (mismanagement) : peculatus (peculation).

MAMMA, mamma (Varro, ap. Non. ).

MAMMOCK, Vid., TEAR to pieces.

MAMMON, [vid. RICHES] : a slave of mammon, nimius divitiarum admirator ; qui nimis divitiis colligendis servit (Kraft).

MAMMOTH, * elephas primigenius ; * elephas mammouteus (technical term).

MAN, || A human being, homo (general term) : mortalis (a mortal, man with the idea of imperfection ; regularly used in prose, especially in Sallust, Tacitus, and Livy, rarely in Cicero, only in connection with multi, omnes, cuncti, or the like) : quisquam mortalis (any child ofrom ; cf. Herzog, Sall., Cat., 2, 8) : men, homines ; genus humanum, hominum universum genus (the whole race) : a young man, homo adolescens : quite a young man, (homo) adolescentulus : what man is this? quid hoc hominis? who is the man? quis hic (or iste) e. st homo : to live among men, inter homines esse. “Man” is often not expressed in Latin, especially with adjectives, and when as an indefinite subject, it is implied in the verb ; e. g., many men, multi : there are men, who, etc., sunt, qui, etc. : no man, nemo, nullus (no one : Cf., “of no man, ” “by, etc., no man, ” are nullius, nullo, never neminis, nemine) : he is no man (i. e., without human feeling), homo non est ; omnis humanitatis expers est : to esteem one as a man and a statesman, aliquem tanti facere, quantum ipsius humanitas ac dignitas postulat : to become a new man, novum ingenium sibi induere : to have become quite another man, plane alium factum esse : Son of Man (a title assumed by our blessed Lord), * mortali matre natus. || A person of the male sex, homo (in respect of the weaknesses or excellences peculiar to the male sex, both intellectual and moral) : vir (a grown-up person of the male sex; opposed to mulier ; but especially in respect of good masculine qualities ; e. g., strength, courage, perseverance, etc. ) : miles (a warrior, soldier) : a young man, adolescens ; juvenis (older than adolescens). In this sense, also, the word is often omitted in Latin ; e. g., fortune favors the brave man, fortem fortuna adjuvat : or it is denoted by another turn ; e. g., to find anybody an honorable man in anything, fidem alicujus in aliqua re perspicere : common men, vulgus (the multitude) : man by man, viritim (to each man ; e. g., tribuere or dare, legere) : universi, ad unum omnes (all together, all to a man, for which Gellius, 3, 7, is the first to say omnes cum uno) : to march three men deep, triplici ordine incedere (cf. Curtius, 3, 9, 12) : they marched thirty men deep, triginta armatorum ordines ibant (ibid. ) : an army of ten thousand men, exercitus decern millium. || (a) With the notion of strength, vir : show yourself a man, virum te præsta : I consider you a man, virum te judico : I entreat you to consider that you are a man, te hortor rogoque, ut te hominem et virum esse memineris. (b) In respect of age; opposed to children and youths, vir ; juvenis (younger than vir). MAN, v., To man ships, naves armatis ornare (to furnish with soldiers) : naves militibus or sociis navalibus complere : to be fully manned, suum numerum habere (of ships).

MAN-OF-WAR, navis bellica (general term, poetical) : navis longa, navis rostrata, quinqueremis (particular kinds of ships of war with the ancients ; especially as opposed to navis rotunda, a merchant ship). MAN-STEALER, plagiarius
(Cicero).

MANACLE, manica.

MANAGE, curare, accurare, curæ mihi est aliquid, curæ habere, procurare (all = to care for anything ; the latter also frequently = to conduct the affairs of another ; vid. Held., Cæs., B. C., 2, 18) : tractare (to have to do with) : administrare (to render one’s services in anything, to administer, conduct ; vid. Mœb., Cæs., B. G., 2, 22) : videre, providere, subministrare ; for anyone, alicui (to take care that a thing be at hand) : to give a thing to anyone to manage, aliquid curandum alicui tradere : to manage domestic affairs, negotia domestica curare, domus officia exsequi (of the mistress of a house) : res domesticas dispensare (with respect to income and expenditure ; of the master of a house) : to manage (i. e., carry on) a business, agere ; tractare (to be engaged or occupied in) : operam dare alicui rei (to bestow pains upon) : colere aliquid, alicui rei studere (to pursue with care, zeal, and diligence).

MANAGEABLE, tractabilis ; facilis (opposed to difficilis) : mollis (opposed to durus).

MANAGEMENT, cura, curatio, procuratio ; administratio (administration, direction) : gestio (a carrying on, conducting ; e. g., negotii) : to intrust the management of anything to anybody, alicui aliquid curandum tradere ; curam alicujus rei alicui demandare.

MANAGER, curator ; procurator (especially of another’s business ; also with the verbs) : manager of a theatre, fabularum curator (after Plautus, Pæn., prol., 3) : designator scenicus (inscriptions) ; also (in the Roman sense), chora̅gus (Plautus, Trin., 4, 2, 16) ; doctor scenicus (Quintilianus, 11, 3, 71 ; considered as giving instruction to the actors).

MANDARIN, * purpuratus : the mandarins, principes ; proceres.

MANDATE, mandatum ; imperatum ; jussus ; jussum. Vid. COMMAND.

MANDIBLE, maxilla.

MANDRAKE, mandragoras (Plinius) ; * atropa mandragoras, (Linnæus).

MANDUCATE, mandere ; manducare.

MANDUCATION, By the verb : Cf., manducatio, late.

MANE, juba ; comæ cervicum (of lions ; Gellius).

MANFUL, virilis ; fortis. Vid. MANLY.

MANFULLY, viriliter ; fortiter ; animo forti ; ut decet virum fortem.

MANFULNESS, virtus ; fortitudo ; animus fortis.

MANGE, scabies (Celsus) ; pruri̅go (Columella) : to have the mange, scabie laborare.

MANGER, præsepe, præsepis (Columella).

MANGLE, s., * tormentum, or prelum, ad lintea leviganda aptum.

MANGLE, v., || To press linen, * lintea tormento, quod phalangis subjectis move̅tur, premere. || To lacerate, laniare, dilaniare aliquid ; lacerare, dilacerare aliquid.

MANGY, scaber ; scabiosus.

MANHOOD, || Human nature, humana natura ; humanum ingenium ; conditio humana (Cicero) ; conditio mortalis (Velleius). || Virility, virilitas (in the Silver Age) ; pubertas ; ætas pubes ; tempus or anni pubertatis. || Courage, fortitude, virtus ; fortitudo ; animus fortis.

MANIA,

MANIAC, Vid. MADNESS, MAD.

MANIFEST, ante oculos positus (evident) : manifestus, apertus (clear, open) : promptus et apertus ; evidens (apparent) : testatus (proved) : præsens (close at hand) : manifest destruction, aperta pernicies ; pestis ante oculos posita : manifest danger, præsens periculum : what is more manifest? quid est enim evidentius? to be quite manifest, luce clarius esse.

MANIFESTLY, manifesto or manifeste ; aperte (openly) : dilucide (clearly) : palam (publicly) : evidenter (apparently) : oculorum judicio (with ocular demonstration).

MANIFOLD, multiplex (vid. proper word) : varius (various) : multiformis (of many forms ; then = multiplex) : omnis generis (of every kind). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) multiplex variusque ; varius et multiplex ; varius et quasi multiformis. [Cf., multimodus (altered by Drakenborg, Livius 21, 8) occurs only in later writers, as Appuleius, etc. : multifarius became obsolete ; not found again before Gellius 5, 6] : in manifold ways, varie, in omnes partes (e. g., fallere aliquem) : omni modo or omnibus modis (in every manner).

MANIKIN, homunculus ; homuncio (Cicero) :

MANIPLE, manipulus.

MANKIND, genus humanum or hominum ; gens humana (Cicero) ; often homines, plural : knowledge of mankind, cognitio generis humani (Cicero) ; * scientia ingenii humani, or morum humanorum : to impart a knowledge of mankind, cognitionem humani generis afferre (Cicero, Tusc., 3, 23, 56) : to have a knowledge of mankind, * probe, bene nosse homines ; cognitos habere mores ; perspecta habere ingenia hominum MANLINESS, animus virilis, fortis ; ingenium virile, confirmatum : manliness of speech, nervi orationis.

MANLY, || Proper to or concerning men, (a) as to sex, virilis (only of men) : masculus, masculinus (of men, but usually of animals) : (b) as to age : virilis (general term) : pubes, -ĕris (in a state of puberty) : manly age, ætas virilis (general term, Horatius, A. P., 166) : ætas adulta, confirmata, corroborata (strong, vigorous) : ætas pubes, anni pubertas (adult) : when he had attained the manly age, quum is jam se corroboravisset et vir inter viros esset (Cicero, Cæl., 11, 6) : to become manly (of the voice), se corroborare. || That suits or becomes a man ; hence, courageous, bold, strong, virilis (general term) : masculus (full of vigor) : fortis (strong, brave) : gravis (serious) : manly courage, animus virilis ; animus fortis : a manly character, ingenium virile, confirmatum : a manly speech, oratio virilis, gravis.

MANNA, manna (indeclinable), * panis cœlestis.

MANNER, || Way, method, modus ; ratio ; via. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) ratio et via ; ratio et modus ; ratio et consuetudo : this is my manner, sic meus est mos ; mea sic est ratio : as my (your) manner is, after my (your) manner, sicut meus est mos ; ut tuus est mos (Horatius, Sat., 1, 9, 1, and 1, 4, 45) ; also, meo, tuo more, ex or pro consuetudine mea, tua ; consuetudine mea, tua ; in nostrum modum : it is not my manner, non est meæ consuetudinis : you know his manner, nosti ejus consuetudinem : after the manner of a person or thing, more alicujus or alicujus rei ; in morem alicujus ; ritu alicujus ; modo alicujus ; in modum alicujus : after the manner of slaves, servilem in modum : in this manner, hoc modo ; hac ratione ; ita ; sic : in like manner, pari modo : in a different manner, varie : in many manners, multis modis : in every manner, omni modo or ratione ; omnibus modis or rationibus : in a good manner, bono modo ; commode ; apte (suitably) : in a new manner, novo modo : manner in singing, flexiones in cantu (Cicero, Or., 3, 25, 98). || Custom, mode ; air or mien, mores, plural ; ingenium ; vitæ institutum : manners, mores, plural (emendati, boni, optimi, amabiles, grati, suaves, faciles, modesti ; corrupti ; mali ; perditi) : corruption of manners, (morum) corruptela : good manners, deco̅rum, decor, decentia (propriety) : modestia (opposed to immodestia) : elegantia (elegance in manners, or in mode of living) : general good manners, urbanitas ; politior humanitas : to observe good manners, decorum sequi, servare, tenere, custodire : to neglect good manners, decoris oblivisci.

MANNERLY, elegans ; bellus ; urbanus ; humanus ; politus.

MANŒUVRE, v., INTRANS., decurrere (Livius). || TRANS., milites in armis decurrere jubere (Livius).

MANŒUVRES, || (military) conversio militum in acie ; meditatio campestris (Plinius, by way of preparation) : decursus (cohortium). || Artifice, vid. ARTIFICE.

MANOR, * sedes or prædium unius de principibus : manor-house, * domus or ædes unius de principibus.

MANSE (in Scotland), * ædes, plural ; * domicilium sacrorum antistitis.

MANSION, ædes, plural ; domicilium.

MANSLAUGHTER, hominis cædes, or (in connection, simply) cædes ; homicidium (post-Augustan) : to commit manslaughter, hominis cædem or homicidium facere ; hominem cædere ; interficere.

MANSLAYER, homici̅da (Cicero).

MANTELET, || A small mantle, palliolum. || In fortification, testudo ; vinea.

MANTLE : Vid. CLOKE or CLOAK.

MANTUA-MAKER, * sartor mulieribus vestes conficiens.

MANUAL, adjective, By manus (manualis, manuarius, late) : sign-manual, chirographum, chirogrăphus : manual labor, opera (opposed to ars ; vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 42, 150 ; Livius, 1, 56) : I live by manual labor, opera mihi vita est (Terentianus, Phorm., 2, 3, 16) : to support one’s self by manual labor, operas (fabriles, etc. ) præbendo vitam tenere.

MANUAL, s., enchiridion (ἐγχειρίδιον, Pompon., Dig., 1, 2, 2, title. Cf., But manuale, Mart., 14, 84, title, a note-book) : epitome, summariurn, liber in angustum coactus (a compendium).

MANUFACTORY, * officina operum, quæ manu efficiuntur, parantur ; fabrica.

MANUFACTURE, s., || Process of manufacturing, opificium . || A thing made by hand, opus, quod manus efficit ; opus manu, arte, factum ; artis opus.

MANUFACTURE, v., manu facere aliquid ; fabricari ; conficere ; texere : a manufacturing town, urbs opificiorum studiosa ; urbs opificibus, artificibus florens, celebris, frequens ; urbs officinis nobilis (noted for manufactories) : a piece of goods has its name from the place of manufacture,
nomen alicui rei datum est a confecturæ loco.

MANUFACTURER, fabricator ; opifex ; textor (of cloth, etc. ) : a master manufacturer, præfectus, magister, opificum.

MANUMISSION, manumissio.

MANUMIT, manumittere.

MANURE, s., lætamen (any substance which promotes the growth of corn) : stercus, fimus (dung).

MANURE, v., stercorare (transitively) : stercorationem facere (intransitively) : to manure sufficiently, stercore satiare (transitively) : to manure early, tempestivam stercorationem facere (intransitively).

MANUSCRIPT, s., || A book written with a view to publication, chirogrăphum (vid. Bremi, Suet., Tib., 6) : idiogrăphus liber (Gellius, 9, 14) : autographum (Symmachus, Ep., 3, 11), libellus. || Any written (not printed) work, * liber (manu) scriptus ; * codex (manu) scriptus : Cf., manuscriptum is not Latin.

MANUSCRIPT, adjective, autographus (αὐτόγραφος, post- Augustan), or, in pure Latin, mea (tua, etc. ) manu scriptus, autographus (written with one’s own hand).

MANY, adjective, multi ; non pauci ; frequentes (of persons in great numbers at any place) : very many, permulti ; plurimi (a great number, either as a whole, or as a part of a whole, and then followed by a genitive) : plerique (a large number, without respect to totality, and hence Cf., in the best writers never followed by a genitive ; e. g., Cicero, would say, not plerique vestrum meminerunt, but plerique memineritis) : the many, multitude. Cf., Observe that multus is never put with another adjective without a copula ; thus we must say, multæ et graves cogitationes, or multæ cogitationes eæque graves. Cf., Observe again, that when the Latins desire to express, not the notion of a whole mass or amount, but that of a large portion of a whole, they often employ the adjective with a genitive ; e. g., permulti hostium. This adjective is also often expressed by substantives, as, copia, vis, multitudo, magnus numerus, etc. ; e. g., many men, multitudo, or magnus numerus, hominum ; vis hominum.

MANY-COLORED, multicolor (Plinius) ; multicolorus (Gellius).

MANY TIMES, Vid. OFTEN.

MAP, s., tabula (in connection, as Cicero, ad Attic., 6, 2, 3 ; otherwise, perhaps, * tabula geographica) : the map of a country, regio (e. g., Germaniæ) in tabula or in membrana (parchment), or in charta (paper) picta, depicta (vid. Propertius, 4, 3, 37 ; Suetonius, Dom., 10, 6) : a map of the world, orbis terræ in tabula or in membrana depictus.

MAP, v., i. e., to draw a map or maps, terrarum situs pingere (Flor., § 3, præf. ).

MAPLE, acer : of maple, acernus.

MARAUDER, sine commeatu vagus miles (Livius, 8, 34, exlr. ) : vagus et lasciviens per agros miles (Tacitus, Ann. 2, 55, 3). Vid. also, ROBBER.

MARAUDING, adjective, prædabundus : to go in marauding parties, sine commeatu vagum in pacato, in hostico, errare (Livius, 8, 34, extr. ) : vagare et lascivire per agros (after Tacitus, Ann., 2, 55, 3) : palari per agros prædandi causa (of several, after Livius, 24, 51).

MARAUDING, s., prædatio.

MARBLE, s., marmor : of marble, marmoreus : as hard as marble, marmorosus : to break marble, marmor cædere : to saw marble, marmor secare : to cut marble into slabs, marmor in crustas secare : to overlay with marble, marmoris crustis operire (Cf., marmorare late) : a block of marble, gleua marmoris : in connection also, gleba unius lapidis (Plinius, 36, 4, 5).

MARBLE, adjective, marmoreus ; e marmore (factus).

MARBLE, v., * marmori maculoso simile facere aliquid.

MARCH, s., (the month), Martius mensis (Plinius) :

March wind, mense Martio spiralis, flans :

March violet, viola odorata (Linnæus).

MARCH, s., || Military gait or pace, gradus : quick march, gradus citatus (properly), ingressus pleno gradu (figuratively). || Military movement, journey of soldiers, iter. On the march, iter faciens (marching ; e. g., occisus est) : in itinere (during the march) : ex itinere (from the march, so that the march is interrupted ; vid. Held., Cæs., B. C., 1, 24) : to direct a march to a place, iter aliquo facere, conferre, convertere, intendere : to change the line of march, iter mutare, commutare (general term) ; iter or viam flectere (to lake a side route) : to give the order for a march, iter pronunciare (Livius, 30, 10) : to give the signal for a march, signum profectionis dare (of a commander) : classicum canere (of a trumpeter = to sound a march) : march! (as a word of command) procede! plural, procedite : to continue a march, pergere in itinere ; iter conficere pergere ; (rarely) iter pergere ; uninterruptedly, iter continuare, non intermittere : to stop the enemy’s march, prohibere itinere hostes : to hasten a march, iter maturare, pergere. || Space to be marched over, iter ; iter unius diei ; castra, -orum, neuter (a day’s march ; the latter with reference to the Roman custom of pitching their camp after each day’s march ; vid. Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 7, 36) : in three days’ march, trinis castris : on the fifth day’s march, quintis castris (e. g., Cæsar Gorgoviam pervenit) : after a full day’s march, confecto justo itinere ejus diei : a short day’s march, iter minus : to make a double march, iter diei duplicare : to make forced marches, magnis itineribus contendere (general term) ; dies noctesque iter facere, die et nocte continuare iter (to continue marching by day and by night) : to steal a march upon an enemy, hosti iter præcipes ; prævenire hostem breviori via. || Departure by marching, profectio. To get ready for a march, profectionem parare : to give the signal for a march, signum profectionis dare. || Music to which soldiers march, * modi militares. κυρικιμασαηικο MARCH, v., INTRANS., incedere (to march on) : progredi, proficisci (to march forth or away) : iter facere (to be on the march) : castra movere, promovere, also simply movere (to break up a * camp, to march forward). To march three deep, triplici ordine incedere (cf. Curtius, 3, 9, 12) : they were marching thirty men deep, triginta armatorum ordines ibant (ib. ) : to march slowly, placide progredi (general term) ; iter reprimere (to slacken the pace) : to march quickly, celeriter progredi (general term) ; raptim agmen agere (on the march) : to march faster, accelerare iter : to march day and night, dies noctesque iter facere ; die nocteque continuare iter ; diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere ; to a place, aliquo : to march last, agmen claudere, cogere : to march toward a place, proficisci, iter facere, intendere aliquo : to march into a country, proficisci in, etc. : to march by a place, præter locum transire ; with an army, præter locum exercitum transducere : to march over a mountain, montem transire, superare : to march very quickly through a country, ingenti celeritate regionem percurrere : to march out, proficisci (ex) loco : to march out to battle, in aciem exire : ad dimicandum procedere (of the soldiers) : exercitum in aciem educere (of the general) : to march out on an expedition, exercitum in expeditionem educere (of the general) : to march out of a town with the troops, copias educere ex or ab urbe (opposed to sese oppido continere) : to march out of a camp, copias pro castris produccre (opposed to castris se tenere : exercitum or copias in castris continere) : to march out from winter-quarters, ab hibernis discedere. || TRANS., deducere exercitum a loco : to march out the troops, copias ex urbe educere, extrahere : to march out troops from their winter-quarters, ex hibernis copias deducere ; copias extrahere ex hibernaculis.

MARCHES, Vid. BOUNDARY.

MARCHIONESS, * marchionissa.

MARE, equa.

MARGIN, || A brink, ora ; margo ; labrum ; erepido [SYN. in BORDER]. || Edge of a page left blank, * margo.

MARGINAL, * margini ascriptus : A marginal note, * verba margini ascripta.

MARGRAVE, * marchio.

MARGRAVINE, * marchionissa.

MARIGOLD, caltha (Plinius, Vergilius).

MARINE,

MARITIME, adjective, marinus (in or of the sea) : maritimus (on or near the sea) : A maritime town, urbs maritima (Cicero) ; oppidum maritimum (Cæsar, Livius) : a maritime district, oræ maritimæ civitas (Cæsar) : a maritime power, civitas navibus, or classe, valens ; civitas multum mari pollens : maritime forces, copiæ navales (opposed to copiæ terrestres, Livius) : maritime affairs, res maritimæ or nauticæ (Cicero). Vid. also NAVAL.

MARINE, s., miles nauticus (Tacitus, Agr., 25) ; miles ad naves (Livius) ; classiarius (Nepos) ; classicus (Livius, Tacitus) ; epibăta (Hirtius).

Marines, socii navales (opposed to milites legionarii ; Livius) : milites nautici or classici ; classiari ; classici.

MARINER, nauta ; nauticus (Cicero) ; navigator (Quintilianus).

MARJORAM, amarăcus, sampsu̅chum (Plinius) ; origănum majorana (Linnæus).

MARK, s., || A sign, token, signum (general term) : significatio (abstraction, intimation) ; indicium (which makes us acquainted with a thing otherwise unknown) : nota (whereby one thing is distinguished from another) : vestigium (a trace ; sometimes with indicium). A brand-mark, stigma : a mark of love, favor, signum amoris, voluntatis : Cf., In the phrase ” it is the mark of, ” mark is usually omitted ; e. g., imbecilli animi est superstitio, the mark
of a weak mind (Cicero). || That toward which anything is directed, scopus (at which a missile is aimed) : meta (toward which one goes or tends). To hit the mark, scopum ferire : to miss the mark, aberrare a scopo, a meta ; metam non ferire ; scopum non attingere. || A certain weight, selibra. || A certain coin, * nummus qui mark dicitur.

MARK, v., || To set a mark on, notare : denotare : signare : designare (in order to distinguish or make known) : notam imponere alicui rei : notam apponere alicui rei or ad aliquid : notâ insignire. To mark several passages in a letter with red, literas miniatulâ cerâ (after the Roman manner) or rubricâ (after our manner) pluribus locis notare (vid. Cicero, Att., 15, 14, extr. ) : to mark anything suspicious in a book, obelum apponere ad aliquid (Isidorus, 1, 20, 4) : to mark out (a field, etc. ), terminare agrum ab alio, metare ; metari ; dimetare (into divisions) : to mark out for destruction, notare et designare oculis aliquem ad cædem. || To note, not to forget, memoria comprehendere, complecti (to charge one’s memory with) : memoriæ mandare, tradere ; memoriæ infigere (to commit to memory ; the latter, to impress upon the memory) : (in) memoria custodire, memoriam alicujus rei retinere (to keep in the memory) : demittere in pectus or in pectus animumque, or (of several) in pectora animosque ; animo percipere ; animo infigere ; percipere animo atque memoria custodire : I have well marked that speech, oratio in animo insedit ; oratio in memoria mea penitus insedit. || To heed, animurn attendere, intendere, advertere ; animo adesse (general term) ; aures erigere animumque attendere, also simply erigi or se erigere (of hearers).

Mark! adestote animis, erigite mentes auresque vestras et me dicentem attendite! (says Cicero when about to speak. ) MARKER, designator. Or by the verbs.

MARKET, || Time, place, or assembly for selling and buying, mercatus (assembly of buyers and sellers in public places) : mindinæ (a weekly market, market-day) : forum, also with rerum venalium (a place where things are sold ; cf. MARKET-TOWN). To hold a market, mercatum habere : to appoint a market, mercatum nundinas instituere : to go to market, ad mercatum proficisci : to go, come to any place to market, aliquo ad mercatum ire, venire : to attend the markets, go about to the markets, nundinas obire ; circa fora proficisci ibique merces venditare (of a dealer ; after Livius, 39, 18) : to take anything to market, aliquid ad mercatum deferre (properly) ; aliquid proferre, in medium proferre or promere : market-people, qui nundinas obeunt or obierunt ; qui ad mercatum veniunt or venerunt : clerk of the market, agoranŏmus (ἀγορανόμος, with the Greeks, answers best to the English notion, Plautus, Capt., 4, 2, 44, etc. ) ; ædilis plebis (the magistrate who, at Rome, had the superintendence of the affairs of the market ; it therefore very indistinctly expresses ournotion) : præfectus annonæ (in respect of the sale of corn). || Sale, vent, venditio mercium. A good or quick market, * faclis et expedita venditio mercium : to find a good market, * facile vendi : to find no market, * repudiari : that has a good market, vendibilis (opposed to invendibilis).

MARKET-DAY, nundmæ, -arum, plural.

MARKET-PLACE, forum (rerum venalium).

MARKET-PRICE, * pretium quo res vulgo vendi solet (general term) ; annona (of provisions).

MARKET-TOWN, forum or oppidum nundinarium ; forum rerum venalium ; forum ; conciliabulum (as a place of assembly ; Livius, 40, 19, 3).

MARKSMAN, jaculator (that takes an aim) : a good or excellent marksman, * homo jaculandi peritus, in jaculanrio probe exercitatus. To be an excellent marksman, peritissimum esse artis jaculandi.

MARL, marga (Plinius).

Marl-pit, puteus ex quo eruitur marga (Plinius).

MARMALADE, * pulmentum ex fructibus saccharo condi̅tis. Quince marmalade, succus cydoniorum (Pall., 11, 20, 2).

MARMOSET, simiolus (Cicero) ; pithecium (Plautus , facete).

MARMOT, * marmota Alpina (Blumenb. ) ; mus marmota (Linnæus) :

MARQUE (letter of), * literæ or tabellæ quibus datur alicui jus naves capiendi or intercipiendi.

MARQUETRY, opus intestinum (Vitruvius).

MARQUIS, * marchio.

MARQU1SATE, * marchionatus.

MARRIAGE, conjugium (union of man and wife, general term ; also, of animals) : matrimonium (relation subsisting between man and wife) : nuptiæ (lawful union of a male and female citizen of equal rank, so called because at this alone the veiling of the bride (nubere) took place) : connubium (properly, the possibility or right of marriage ; partly absolute, grounded on age, liberty, etc. ; partly relative, with reference to privilege, etc. ; hence, by metonymy, civil marriage itself ; i. q., nuptiæ) : concubinatus (union of parties whose marriage was not considered valid ; as of a senator and a freedwoman. The woman who lived in such marriage was called concubina) : contubernium (primarily, union of a male and female slave, who among the ancients could not contract marriage, strictly so called ; then of a free man with a female slave or freed-woman. The slave who lived in such an estate was called contubernalis). Cf., Among the Romans the various forms of marriage were (a) coemtio, effected by a kind of formal sale and purchase (mancipatio) ; (b) usus, when a woman lived a year with a man as her husband ; (c) confarreatio, with sacred rites, at which bread made from far was used. A lawful marriage, conjugium legitimum ; matrimonium justum or legitimum ; nuptiæ justæ or legitimes : an unequal marriage, impares nuptiæ : to enter upon the marriage state, in matrimonium ire ; matrimonium contrahere : to ask in marriage, sibi aliquem or aliquam in matrimonium petere : also simply, petere aliquem or aliquam : to give one’s daughter in marriage to anyone, alicui filiam in matrimonium dare or nuptum dare ; alicui filiam collocare or nuptum locare : to ask one for his daughter, etc., in marriage, filiam, etc., conditionem alicui deferre (Suetonius, Cæs., 27) : to promise marriage to anyone, alicui polliceri matrimonium suum ; alicui conjugium suum promittere (poetical) : a second marriage, matrimonium novum (cf. Livius, 1, 46, extr. ), conjugium novum (poetical) : to enter upon a second marriage, ad secundas nuptias transire, venire, pervenire ; secundo nubere (of a woman) : to refrain from a second marriage, abstinere a secundis nuptiis : children by the first marriage, liberi ex priore matrimonio suscepti or procreati : by the second marriage, liberi ex secundo matrimonio suscepti : of or belonging to marriage, conjugialis (poetical) or conjugalis ; matrimonialis (late) : a clandestine marriage, nuptiæ clandestinæ (Plautus, Cas., 5, 3, 16) ; nuptiæ sine testibus et patre non consentiente factæ (Appuleius, Met., 6) : to contract a clandestine marriage, clam nuptias facere cum aliquo (vid. Plautus, Cas., 2, 8, 53) : promise of marriage, conjugium promissum (after Ovidius, Her., 21, 139) : to give a promise of marriage, alicui matrimonium suum polliceri ; alicui conjugium suum promittere (poetical) ; formally, dextra data fidem futuri matrimonii sancire (after Livius, 1, extr. ) : law concerning marriage, lex de maritandis ordinibus (Suetonius, Oct., 34) ; lex marita (Horatius, Carm., Sæc., 20 : with the Romans it was lex Julia et Pappia Poppæa) : a certificate of marriage, literæ conjugii legitimi testes.

MARRIAGE-CONTRACT, pactio nuptialis : to make a marriage-contract, pactionem nuptialem facere (Livius, 4, 4).

MARRIAGE-LICENCE, * literæ veniam conjugii ineundi testantes.

MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT, tabulæ nuptiales ; dotis tabellæ : to make a marriage-settlement, dotem dare or promittere (general term) ; dotem dicere (of the woman only) : to sign a marriage-settlement, dotis tabellas consignare : to violate a marriage-settlement, tabulas nuptiales rumpere.

MARRIAGEABLE, jam maturus (matura) nuptiis (old enough to marry) : adultus or adulta (grown up) : jam matura viro (of age for a husband) : nubilis (whom one can marry ; only of a woman).

MARROW, medulla (in animals, in plants, etc. ; also, but rarely, figuratively ; e. g., medulla verborum, Gellius, 18, 4) : cerebrum (the pith in trees) : flos (figuratively, best of anything).

MARRY, TRANS., || To take for a husband or wife, matrimonio se jungere or conjungere cum aliquo, aliqua ; in matrimonium accipere or recipere aliquem (general term) ; aliquam ducere in matrimonium, or simply aliquam ducere (of a man) : alicui nubere (of a woman) : to marry a woman for money, dote motus in matrimonium ducere virginem (vid. Terentius, Heaut., 5, 1, 66) : to be married, matrimonio jungi or conjungi ; nuptiis inter se jungi. || To give in marriage, collocare in matrimonium ; nuptum dare, locare, or collocare ; also simply collocare (a woman). Cf., Nuptui dare or collocare is not Latin. To marry to anyone, matrimonio jungere or conjungere cum aliquo or aliqua (general term), alicui nuptum collocare, or simply alicui collocare ; alicui (aliquam, virginem, filiam) nuptum dare, in matrimonium dare, or tradere (of a woman). || To unite in wedlock, * ritu sacro uxorem alicui jungere. INTRANS., || To enter into the conjugal state, uxorem ducere in matrimonium, uxorem assumere (of the husband) : nubere viro (of the wife) : to m. suitably to one’s rank and condition, pari jungi (general term, after Livius, 6, 34, extr. ) : connubio cum virgine
coire (of the husband) : to marry out of or under one’s rank and condition, impari jungi (Livius, loc. cit. ) : to marry out of one’s rank, enubere ex ordine suo (i. e., to come by marriage into another rank ; of a woman) : to marry into a family, filium or virginem ex domo aliqua, in matrimonium ducere (of the husband, Livius, 4, 4, p. med. ) : nubere or innubere in aliquam familiam or domum (of the woman) : to wish to marry, conditionem quærere or circumspicere : not to wish to marry, abhorrere ab uxore ducenda or a re uxoria (of a man) : numquam de nuptiis cogitare (of both sexes). To marry again, novum matrimonium inire : to marry a second time, in secundas nuptias transire, venire, or pervenire (in general) : secundo nubere (of a woman) : not to marry a second time, abstinere a secundis nuptiis : to marry well, virginem bene dotatam ducere (of a man) : in luculentam familiam collocari (of a woman). To be married, uxorem duxisse (of a man) : nuptam esse viro (of a woman) : to hove been never married, nunquam uxorem duxisse (of a man), or viro nupsisse (of a woman) : to have been often married, multarum nuptiarum esse.

Married people, manti (the married, Papinius, Digests, 24, 1, 52, extr. ) : conjoges (husband and wife, Catullus, 61, 234) : young married people (lately married), novi mariti (Appuleius, Mel., 8, p. 201, 36).

MARSH, s., palus, -ûdis, feminine (Cf., stagnum is any piece of standing water ; lacus, a lake, whether natural or artificial ; lacu̅na, a pool) : a lake overflowing its borders forms marshes, lacus se stagnans facit paludes.

MARSHAL, s., || (In the army), * mareschallus. A marshal’s staff, sceptrum summi ducis belli insigne. || A master of ceremonies in a procession, etc., *ductor pompæ ; designator pompæ de ducendæ. MARSHAL, v., ordinare, disponere, digerere, in ordinem digerere aliquid ; constituere, collocare, componere, instruere aliquid : to marshal troops, milites ordinare (Livius) ; copias ordinare, milites disponere (Nepos) ; aciem instruere (Cæsar) ; aciem ordinare (Justinus).

MARSHY, paluster (Cæsar) ; paludosus (Ovidius) ; uliginosus (Columella).

MART, forum rerum venalium ; commercium (a place where trade, especially barter or exchange, is carried on) : emporium (a place of trade at a harbor) : oppidum (ubi est) forum rerum venalium (a town in which trade is carried on, vid. Sallustius, Jug., 71, in. ) : forum, oppidum nundinarium (a place in which weekly markets are held) : a flourishing m., urbs emporio fiorentissima : the most frequented mart of the whole kingdom, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum.

MARTAGON, lilium martagon (Linnæus).

MARTEN, || A kind of weasel, meles. || A sort of swallow, hirundo apus (generally apŏdis, Linnæus).

MARTIAL, bellicosus ; pugnax ; fortis ; ferox : a martial people, gens bellicosa (Cf., not populus bellator, which is poetical) : a court-martial, * quæstio militaris ; * judicium militare : to hold a court-martial, * militari modo, or more quærere, or cognoscere de aliquo (Bau. ). Vid. also, COURT-MARTIAL.

MARTINET, * qui disciplinam in parvis rebus diligenter adeo severeque regit, or præfractius et rigidius astringit (Valerius Max. ) ; * exactor asper or molestissimus (alicujus rei).

MARTINGAL, * lorum quo caput equi retinetur.

MARTYR, martyr (Prudentius) ; * qui pro bona causa mortem subit (subiit), oppetit (oppetiit) : Socrates died as a martyr to the cause of truth, Socrates pro veritate mortem occubuit.

MARTYRDOM, martyrium (Tertullianus) ; mors martyris.

MARTYROLOGY, * album martyrum.

MARVEL, etc. Vid. MIRACLE, WONDER, etc.

MASCULINE, || Properly, male, virilis ; masculus ; masculinus : the masculine gender (in grammar), genus masculinum (Quintilianus : Cf., also, genus virile, Varro and Gellius ; but the former is the common term). || Properly, Of or proper to the male sex, virilis. || Figuratively, bold, brave (opposed to effeminate), virilis (also, masculus, Horatius) ; fortis ; constans ; gravis : masculine courage, animus virilis, fortis, constans ; virtus virilis (Cicero) ; audacia virilis (Sallustius) : masculine spirit, character, ingenium virile (Sallustius) ; ingenium corroboratum, confirmatum (Cicero) : a masculine style, oratio virilis (or fortis et virilis), gravis ; nervi orationis (Cicero) ; sermo virilis (Quintilianus) ; oratio mascula (Muret. ) : masculine oratory, vera et mascula eloquentia (Ruhnken).

MASH, s., mixtura ; farrago (mixed contents) : (for horses), polenta mixta ; to make a mash, polentam miscere.

MASH, v., contundere.

MASK, persona (the whole mask, adapted for strengthening the voice ; drawn over the head) : larva (an ugly mask, such as the ancients used at funerals ; and in pantomimes ; vid. Horatius, Sat., 1, 5, 64) : homo personatus (a masked person ; Cf., never persona in classical writers) : figuratively, simulatio, species (pretence, false appearance) : to put a mask on anyone, personam alicui aptare, or alicujus capiti imponere, or alicujus capiti adjicere (properly) : to assume a mask, personam sibi accommodare or sibi aptare, personam induere, * larvam sibi accommodare or aptare (properly), alienam personam sibi accommodare (figuratively, to play a strange part ; after Livius, 3, 36) : to wear a mask, alienam personam ferre (not to appear in one’s true character, Livius, loc. cit. ) : to assume the mask of anything (figuratively), speciem or simulationem alicujus or alicujus rei induere ; simulare aliquid (to feign, pretend) : to drop or lay aside a mask, personam deponere (properly and figuratively) : simulationem deponere (figuratively) : Appius now laid, aside the mask, ille finis Appio alienæ personæ ferendæ (Livius, 3, 36) : to pull the mask off anyone, alicui personam demere, alicujus capiti personam detrahere (properly and figuratively) ; alicui or rei personam demere et reddere faciem suam (figuratively, to show a person or thing in its true colors ; vid. Seneca, Ep., 24, 12) : evolvere aliquem integumentis dissimulationis nudareque (figuratively, to make manifest one’s dissimulation, Cicero, De Or., 2, 86, in. ) : alicujus animum nudare (figuratively, to discover the disposition of anyone ; after Livius, 34, 24, extr. ) : to betray under the mask of friendship, aliquem per simulationem amicitiæ prodere : to deceive under the mask of honor, aliquem per fidem fallere, decipere, circumvenire.

MASK, v., || Properly. To cover with a mask, personam capiti alicujus adjicere (Plinius) ; persona tegere, occultare aliquem : masked, personatus (Cicero). || Figuratively. To conceal, tegere, occultare, abscondere aliquid (Cicero).

MASON, faber murarius ; structor murorum ; cæmentarius (late).

MASONRY, opus saxeum, cæmenticium.

MASQUERADE, * turba personata (Dan. ) ; * grex hominum personatorum (Jan. ) : a masquerade dance or ball, saltatio personata.

MASS, || Matter, massa (general term). || Great quantity, sum, summa (contents) : vis, copia (quantity) : multitudo (number) : pondus (weight) : moles (great quantity or size, usually with the notion of excess or unshapeliness) : corpus (the total, body of things connected or found together) : turba (a confused crowd) : the mass of the booty, summa prasdæ : a great mass of money, magnum pondus argenti : the mass of the troops, moles exercitus : to heap together a mass of words, turbam congregare (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 7) : a mass of materials, silva rerum (Cicero, De Or., 3, 26, 103). || A Roman service, * missa : a mass-book, * missale.

MASSACRE, cædes (Cf., not laniena) : to make a massacre, cædem facere, edere : among the citizens, cædem civium facere ; cædem inferre civibus : to make a horrible massacre, infinitam cædem facere ; crudelisoimam cædem facere ; of the enemy, ingenti cæde hostes prosternere : massacre of St. Bartholomew (at Paris, 1572), * nuptiæ illæ cruentæ ; cruentus dies S. Bartholomæi ; cædes (Cf., not laniena) Parisiensis.

MASSIVE, solidus (e. g., columna aurea solida : of massive gold; opposed to columna inaurata) : totus (e. g., totus aureus, of massive gold) : and perhaps non pervius (e. g., annulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell., 10, 15, 7) : the massive masonry of a temple, solida e saxo templi structura (Turnebus).

MAST (of a ship), malus (Cf., arbor mali, or simply arbor, is poetic) : to set up a mast, malum erigere (opposed to demittere) : to climb the mast, in malum scandere.

MAST (fruit), glans (quernea, of the oak ; fagea or fagi, of the beech).

MASTER, s., || As to power, a lord, potens (with a genitive) ; master of one’s self, sui potens or compos : to be master of anything, properly, aliquid in sua potestate habere : to remain master of anything, aliquid obtinere : to be master of (figuratively), imperare alicui rei ; moderari alicui rei (e. g., linguæ or orationi) : to be master of one’s self, sibi imperare ; animi potentem esse ; animum suum comprimere, coercere : to be master of one’s anger, iram reprimere : to allow one’s self to be mastered by anger, ira teneri : not to be master of one’s anger, impotentem esse iræ : to be master of one’s passions, cupiditatibus imperare (opposed to servire) ; cupiditates continere, comprimere, coercere, frenare, domare ac frangere : master of a house, pater familias or familiæ herus (the former in respect of the whole family ; the latter in
respect of the servants ; hence, in comic writers, the usual address of slaves to their master) : possessor (the possessor of anything ; frequently, however; opposed to dominus, the owner) : the young master of the house, filius herilis, filius familiæ (with the same difference as between herus and pater familias) : master of the ceremonies, magister officiorum or aulæ ; magister admissionum (under the emperors). || As to skill, (a) general term, artifex : a master in anything, artifex (with a genitive, especially of a gerund), antistes, princeps alicujus rei ; alicujus rei peritissimus (very skilful) : perfectus et absolutus in aliqua re (perfect in art or science) : præcipuus ad aliquid faciendum (clever in doing anything ; cf. Herzog, Quint., 10, 1, 94, p. 119 sq. ) : a master in his art, orator perfectus, dicendi artifex (of a speaker) : pictor perfectus, pingendi artifex (of a painter) : medicus arte insignis, medicina or medicinæ arte clarus, medicinæ vates (of a physician ; the former of one in practice, the latter of one eminent for professional learning, Plinius, 11, 37, 88) : to be a master in anything, familiam ducere in aliqua re (e. g., in jure civili) ; (in) aliqua re excellere or maxime excellere (general term) : eruditum esse artificio alicujus rei (to have learned the practice of an art) : to be a master in the art of flattery, ad nimiam assentationem eruditum esse : Horace is a master in delineating human character, Horatius ad notandos hominum mores præcipuus : in this line there have been many masters, in eo genere multi perfecti exstiterunt : practice makes master, exercitatio artem parat (Tacitus, Germ., 24, 1) : (b) especially the manager of a work-shop, tabernæ magister (Jul., Paul., Sentent. rec. ; vid. Gesn., Thes., s. v. Magister, extr. ). Hence, general term = superintendent, teacher, magister (with reference to his proficiency or superiority of knowledge) : doctor (one who imparts theory) : præceptor (one who gives practical rules or instructions), (c) The author of a work of art, artifex ; auctor (e. g., a statue by an unknown master, statua auctoris incerti) : (d) as a title of respect, magister ; vid. Gellius, 18, 7, in.

MASTER, v., || To overcome, conquer, superare ; vincere ; domare, frangere [SYN. in CONQUER]. || To comprehend, comprehendere, complecti (with and without animo or mente) ; assequi. Vid. more in COMPREHEND.

MASTER-KEY, * clavis generalis (Kraft).

MASTER-PIECE, opus præcipuæ artis ; opus summo artificio factum ; opus politissima arte or singulari opere artificioque perfectum ; artificium : this is his master- piece, hoc est præstantissimum opus ejus : many hold this to be the greatest master-piece, quo opere nullum absolutius plerique judicant.

MASTERLY, artificiosus, artifex (with or by the hand of a master, of things and persons) : præcipuæ artis (poetical), summa or singulari arte, summo artificio factus, callidissimo artificio fabricatus, singulari opere artificioque or politissima arte perfectus (made with great art, of things) : a masterly speech, oratio facta : a masterly delivery, oratio artis plena.

MASTERY, Vid. POWER.

MASTICATE, mandere (Cicero) ; manducare (Varro).

MASTICATION, By the verbs : Cf., manducatio is not classical.

MASTlCH, mastiche or mastice (Plinius) : mastich-tree, lentiscus (Plinius) ; Pistachia lentiscus (Linnæus).

MASTIFF, * canis mastivus (Blumenb. ).

MAT, teges (Varro) ; stragulum (Plinius) ; storea (of straw, Livius) ; matta (Ovidius) : a mat-maker, mattarum, storearum, textor.

MAT TOGETHER, v., inter se implectere ; conjungere inter se atque implicare : dracones inter se cratium modo implexæ (matted together).

MATCH, s., || One equal to another, or that suits another, par (equal) : similis (like) : to be a match for, alicui parem esse (e. g., bello), non inferiorem esse aliquo : not to be a match for anyone, alicui imparem esse ; inferiorem esse aliquo ; aliquem sustinere non posse : to be a match for anything, alicui rei parem esse (e. g., negotiis) : rem sustinere (e. g., molem). || Marriage [vid. MARRIAGE] : to make a good match [vid. To MARRY well]. || A contest in a game, certamen ; contentio ; e. g., decertare cum aliquo contentione currendi (after Cicero, in a running match). || Anything used for ignition, sulfuratum (a brimstone match, Mart. ) : * fissula igniaria (any small match in common use) : * virga incendiaria ; * funiculus incendiarius, or * fomes tormentarius (used in discharging cannon).

MATCH, v., jungere ; conjungere ; copulare [vid. MARRY] : componere ; comparare ; miscere. Vid. SUIT.

MATCHLESS, incomparabilis (Plinius] : eximius, divinus, singularis, unicus (Cicero) : Cf., in the Silver Age, cœlestis was often used in this sense.

MATE, s., || A companion, socius : comes ; sodalis ; contubernalis ; commilito, etc. [Vid. COMPANION. ] || Husband or wife, conjux.

MATE, v., copulare. Vid. MATCH.

MATERIAL, adj., || Consisting of matter, corporeus, concretus (Cicero) : the mind is not material, mens ab ouini mortali concretione segregata est (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 27, 66) ; mens simplex nulla re adjuncta qua sentire possit (Cicero, N. D., 1, 11, 27). || Essential, important ; vid. these words.

MATERIAL,

MATERIALS, s., || Properly, (for building), materia (general term) : capiæ (for building) : saxa et materia et cetera ædificanti utilia (for building) : to furnish materials for building, materiari (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 73) : old materials worked up again, rediviva, plural. A house built of bad materials, ædes male materiatæ. || Figuratively, materia (of single points, to be worked up in a treatise, etc. ) : res (general term, things; opposed to verba) : silva rerum (figuratively, a mass of notes, Cicero, De Or., 3, 26, 103) : commentarii (memoirs, historical materials) : to collect materials, silvam rerum comparare : to leave behind materials for a treatise, etc., in commentariis aliquid relinquere (Cicero).

MATERIALIST, * materialista, or, by circumlocution, * qui nihil nisi corpora in rerum natura esse statuit or dicit.

MATERIALLY, genere ; toto genere ; natura ; re ; universa re ; multum.

MATERNAL, maternus : maternal love, amor maternus ; animus maternus ; amor parentis erga natos.

MATHEMATICAL, mathematicus (general term) : geometricus (geometrical) : accuratus, certus (figuratively, accurate, certain) : to infer with mathematical certainty, necessaria mathematicorum ratione concludere aliquid (Cicero, De Fin., 5, 4, 9) : to prove with mathematical certainty, * geometrica subtilitate demonstrare aliquid.

MATHEMATICIAN, mathematicarum artium peritus ; matbematicus.

MATHEMATICS, mathematica, -orum, neuter ; artes mathematical (rare, not classical) ; mathematica, -æ, feminine (general term) : geometrica, -orum, neuter, geometria, -æ, feminine (geometry) : to know nothing of mathematics, numquam pulverem ilium eruditum attigisse (fur the ancients made their mathematical figures in the sand, Cicero, N. D., 2, 18, 46) ; in mathematicis rudem esse (general term). κυρικιμασαηικο

MATIN, matutinus.

MATINS, * preces matutinæ.

MATRICIDE, matricidium ; parricidium matris in connection, also, simply parricidium (as a crime against a sacred and inviolable person).

MATRICULATE, || TRANS., * nomen alicujus referre in numerum civium academicorum (at an university). || INTRANS., nomen dare ad rectorem academiæ ; in numerum civium academicorum referri (Herm. ).

MATRICULATION, By the verb, or, nominis in album relatio (Lünem. ).

MATRIMONIAL, By the genitive, conjugii, etc., conjugialis (poetical), or conjugalis, connubialis (poetical) : matrimonialis (of marriage) : maritus, maritalis (of married people) : matrimonial union, conjugium maritale : matrimonial rights, jura conjugalia or connubialia (poetical) : matrimonial fidelity, conjugii fides : fides marita.

MATRIMONY, Vid. MARRIAGE.

MATRIX, || Properly, matrix. || Figuratively, i. e., mould or form, * forma or norma fundendi.

MATRON, matrona (Cicero).

MATRONLY, matronalis (Livius, Plin. Ep. ).

MATTER, s., || Body, substance extended, corpus. || Materials, materia [vid. MATERIALS]. || Subject, thing treated, argumentum ; quæstio ; locus ; e. g., magnus locus philosophiæque proprius (Cicero, Div. 2, 1, 3). || Affair, business, res ; negotium (business) : causa (a suit at law, then business, general term) : cura (cure of any business or office) : an important or weighty matter, res major : a small or trifling matter, res minuta or parva : public matter, publicæ res ; res publica : to look after his domestic matters, res domesticas dispensare : anything is a difficult or hard matter, aliquid difficile est : to read them is a matter of incredible trouble, in eis legendis incredibilis quædam molestia exhaurienda est : what is the matter? quid (quidnam) est? quid accidit? || Cause, occasion, causa ; occasio ; materia ; ansa. || Substance generated in a swelling, pus (white and viscous matter, properly so called) : sanies (matter mixed with blood, unripe matter) : full of matter, purulentus : to turn to matter, to form matter, in pus verti ; to ripen matter, pus maturare : to excite or generate matter, pus movere.

MATTER, v., i. e., to import,
alicujus momenti esse : if matters much, little, hoc multum, non multum (Cf., not parum), magni, parvi refert or interest : that matter s nothing, id nihil refert : that matters everything, in eo omnia vertuntur ; hoc caput rei est ; inde omnia pendent : it matters, interest, refert (interest with a genitive, denotes the interest which one has in anything ; refert, the importance which one attributes to a thing). Cf., Here observe the following rules ; (a) the person to whom a thing matters is put in the genitive ; but of the personal pronoun we find the ablatives, mea, tua, nostra, vestra ; e. g., it matters to me, mea interest or refert [vid. translator’s note on Zumpt, § 449]. But refert, in the Golden Age, takes only the ablative, never the genitive, of a substantive ; frequently, however, interest and refert are used absolutely : (b) that which matters is expressed by an infinitive, or, by circumlocution, with an accusative and infinitive, or by an, quis, quid, ubi, quando, ut, ne, etc. ; e. g., multum interest, te venire (Cicero) ; quid illius interest, ubi sis? (Cicero) ; illud mea magni interest, te ut videam (Cicero) ; (c) how much? is expressed sometimes by the adverbs magnopere, magis, maxime, minime, multum, permultum, plurimum, nihil, etc. : sometimes by a genitive of value ; as, magni, permagni, parvi, pluris, tanti, quanti, etc.

MATTOCK, ligo.

MATTRESS, stratum.

MATURE, adjective, maturus, tempestivus (properly and figuratively) : adultus (having reached the years of maturity, properly and figuratively ; e. g., Athenæ adultæ ; opposed to nascentes) : a mature judgement, judicium firmum, certum, subtile, rectum, verum (Cicero) : Cf., not subactum judicium. In Cicero, Cæc., maturum judicium is a prompt decision ; judgement passed without any delay) : mature age, ætas adulta (when the person is grown up) ; ætas firmata (Cicero), matura (Ulpianus) : of mature understanding, maturus animo : to have mature experience, magno præditum esse usu ; usu et experientia prætantem esse (Cicero) : mature consideration, bonum consilium. To become mature, maturescere (Cicero).

MATURE, v., maturare ; ad maturitatem perducere aliquid (Plinius) ; coquere (Cicero) ; percoquere (especially of fruit, Plinius, Ep. ). To mature plans, etc., alicujus rei rationem explicatam atque exploratam habere ; consilia explicare (but implying previous state of confusion, etc., Cæsar, B. C., 2, 78) : all my plans are matured, instructa mihi sunt corde consilia omnia (Terentianus) : to mature one’s judgement, ad judicandi maturitatem pervenire.

MATURITY, maturitas ; tempestivitas (properly and figuratively) : adulta ætas (the age of maturity) : maturitas ætatis ad prudentiam (Cicero) : to bring to maturity, maturare ; ad maturitatem perducere (Plinius) : to come to maturity, maturitatem assequi (e. g., nimis celeriter, Cicero) ; ad maturitatem venire, pervenire (Plinius) ; maturitatem adipisci (Plinius) ; to have arrived at maturity, adolevisse (properly and figuratively ; e. g., ingenium ; res Persarum, etc. ) ; maturitatem suam habere (Cicero ; of years, of understanding) ; ætate, ingenio, corroborari, confirmari ; ingenium alicujus adolevit (Sallustius).

MAUDLIN, Vid. INTOXICATED.

MAUGRE, Vid. NOTWITHSTANDING.

MAUL, s., malleus. MAUL v., Vid. BEAT.

MAUSOLEUM, monumentum sepulcri ; or simply, monumentum or sepulcrum : mausoleum (Suetonius).

MAW, stomachus ; ventriculus.

MAWKISH, || Properly, fastidiosus. || Figuratively, putidus (Cicero) ; tædium afferens (Livius) ; fastidiosus, fastidium creans (Plinius).

MAWKISHLY, fastidiose.

MAWKISHNESS, fastidium.

MAXILLARY, maxillaris (Celsus).

MAXIM, || Principle, axiom, ratio ; institutum ; lex ; regula : to make it a maxim with one’s self, legem aliquem sibi imponere. || Opinion, position, opinio ; consilium : good maxims, consilia recta, vera, honesta.

MAY (the month of),

Maius (mensis).

MAY (perfect MIGHT) ; (α) of permission : licet (it is permitted, or lawful by human law, positive, customary, or traditional) : fas est (with supine in u or infinitive, it is permitted by divine law, including the law of conscience : opposed to nefas est) : concessum est (general term, including both the former) : jus or potestatem habere aliquid faciendi : integra mihi est potostas aliquid faciendi (a thing is still open to me ; vid. Cicero, Acad., 2, 3, 8) : integrum or liberum est mihi (with infinitive, it is free or open for me to do anything in the last two permission and possibility are, or may be, combined). Cf., (1) When licet is followed by “to be” with an adjective as predicate, the adjective, is usually in the dative by attraction ; but sometimes in the accusative, even when dative is expressed ; e. g., licuit esse otioso Themistocli ; civi Romano licet esse Gaditanum. Zumpt, 601, Pr. Intr., 152. (2) After “might” the English perfect infinitive is translated by the Latin present infinitive, unless the action marked by the infinitive must have preceded that marked by licuit, etc. (3) Remember that “he might” is, in a principal sentence, the indicative : “he might have been, ” licuit esse. Cf., “May, ” “might” of permission, are also frequently translated by posse (the speaker implying that permission would be granted if it could).

May I know. . ? possum scire (= will you not tell me? e. g., aliquo profectus veneris, Plautus). She may say this, hoc fas est dicere : if I may say so, si fas est dictu (Cicero) : if I may, si per vos licet (if you will permit me).

May I? licetne? If one might, si integrum ac liberum esset. You may for anything I care, per me licet : may I ask? licet rogare? (Cicero) : that they may themselves sin the more easily, quo facilius ipsos peccare liceat : (β) of possibility : posse : licet or licet mihi (of the possibility or impossibility that proceeds from the state of things, the absence or presence of opponents or opposing causes ; the preventive person or cause with per and accusative). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) possum et mihi licet. [Vid. CAN. ] That was the first year in which he might (= could be) elected consul, is erat annus, quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret : if she might have lived in freedom, si ei libere vixisse licitum fuisset : live happily whilst you may (can), dum licet, vive beatus (Horatius) : to do anything as one best may, aliquid ut potest, facere (e. g., nos dignitatem, ut potest, retinebimus, Cicero) : as you best may, ut poteris (e. g., rem expedias, Cicero). Cf., The notion of “might” is sometimes given by the subjunctive of a verb : he explained it so clearly that all might understand it, rem tam perspicue explicuit, ut omnes intelligerent. Cf., The remark on the tense of the infinitive holds good for potuit, etc., as well as for licuit ; (γ) of contingent possibility (or possibility granted by the speaker = “may possibly, ” “may, for anything I know”), fieri potest ut (with subjunctive ; e. g., I may be mistaken, fieri potest, ut fallar) : sometimes potest (impersonal = “it may be that”) only (e. g., he may, perhaps, not have incurred that penalty, or fine, potest, ut illam mulctam non commiserit, Cicero). Sometimes credibile est, veri haud dissimile est : factum esse potest, etc. Perhaps someone may say, forsitan quispiam dixerit or dixerit aliquis. When “you” is used indefinitely for “anyone, ” “a man, ” the second personimperfect is employed ; e. g., you might have believed, thought, said, crederes, putares, diceres.

MAY-BUG, * scarabæus melolontha (Linnæus).

MAY-DEW, * ros tempore verno apparens.

MAY-GAME, Vid. SPORT.

MAY-POLE, * arbor festa.

MAYOR, * urbis præfectus ; magistratus municipalis (Digests, passim) ; or (with reference to the Roman institutions) prætor, decurio (in country towns), or consul (in capital cities).

MAYORALTY, * urbis præfectura (Pand. ) ; officium urbis præfecti ; decurionatus.

MAZE, s., || Properly, a labyrinth, labyrinthus ; figuratively, hortus labyrintheus (Catullus, Sidon. ) ; via inexplicabilis (Livius, 40, 33) ; itinerum ambages occursusque ac recursus inexplicabiles (Plinius, 36, 13, 19). || Figuratively, perplexity, (mentis) error (Cicero) ; mens commota (Plinius). || Figuratively, confusion ; res inextricablies (Cicero) ; turbæ (Plinius).

MAZE, v., perturbare, confundere, aliquem.

MAZY, inexplicabilis ; inextricabilis.

MEAD (a drink), aqua mulsa or mulsea (Columella).

MEAD,

MEADOW, pratum : a grassy meadow, pratum herbosum (Varro) : a flowery meadow, pratum floridum (Plinius) : a parched meadow, pratum siccum (Columella).

MEAGRE, macer (the proper word ; opposed to pinguis ; not fleshy or fat ; also of the soil) : strigosus, strigosi corporis (not corpulent; opposed to obesus) : gracilis (slim, slender, lank ; opposed to obesus : of men or animals ; also of parts of men or animals) : exilis (thin, not plump, of parts of men or animals ; opposed to plenus ; also of the soil, and figuratively, of a writing or of a speech) ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) exilis et macer ; aridus (of food, without nourishment, and of the soil ; also, figuratively, empty, poor ; opposed to copiosus) : sterilis (opposed to fertilis) : somewhat meagre, macilentus : a meagre treatise,
libellus exilis : a meagre subject (for treating of), res jejuna (opposed to copiosa) : to make meagre, facere (ut) macrescat aliquis (a living being) : emaciare (also the soil ; Cf., miciare occurs first in Solinus) : to grow or become meagre, macescere, emacescere (of living beings, parts of the body, and of the soil) : macrescere, emacrescere (only of living beings) : meagre fare, victus aridus (not nutritious) : victus tenuis (scanty) : Cf., not famelicus, which Muretus uses in this sense. MEAGRENESS, macies (as a state or condition) : macritas (as a property) : macritudo (as an abiding property, Plautus, Capt., 1, 2, 32) : gracilitas (leanness, as a property).

MEAL, || A repast, jentaculum (breakfast) : prandium (luncheon) : gustatio (a light meal shortly before the principal meal) : cœna (the principal meal of the Romans, taken about 3, 4, or 5 o’clock in the afternoon) : convivium (a social meal, entertainment) : epulum (a public meal on festivals, etc) : epulæ (a large, private banquet, distinguished by the number and excellence of the dishes) : daps (a sumtuous entertainment for a religious purpose, a sacrificial feast ; Cf., only poetical and post-Augustan, for a sumptuous private entertainment) : a small, light meal, cœnula : a regular meal, cœna recta (opposed to sportula) : to prepare a meal, cœnam parare, instruere ; convivium instruere, apparare, comparare, ornare, exornare : to give a meal, cœnam or epulam alicui dare : to take a meal with anyone, cœnare apud aliquem ; accubare apud aliquem : to rise from a meal, surgere e cœna : during a meal, inter cœnam or epulas ; super cœnam ; super mensam : after a meal, post cibum, post cœnam ; a cœna (from table) : cœnatus (after having dined) MEAL, || Flour, or edible part of corn, farina (properly of corn ; and of other things) : fine meal, farina ; farina minuta (general term) : pollen (sifted) : meal from barley, wheat, farina hordeacea, triticea : of meal, farinaceus full of meal, farinosus : like meal, farinulentus : meal-tub, area farinaria : meal-sieve, cribrum farinarium (Celsus). MEALINESS, By the adjective, or with farina.

MEALY, farinosus (Vegetious).

MEAN, adjective, || Middle, intermediate, medius. In the mean time, interim (at some time during the interval : interim of a point of time ; interea, of a space, Döderlein ; but vid. Pr. Intr., ii., note 7, p. 195) : interea (during the same time, while a thing was going on ; usually in connection with a conjunction ; e. g., interea dum, or quod). || Moderate, mediocris ; modicus medius (in the Silver Age). || Of inferior quality, vilis ; tenuis ; exiguus [vid. BASE]. || Of small value, exiguus ; parvus ; levis ; levidensis (Cicero). || Of small importance, exiguus ; tenuis ; levis. || Without dignity, humilis ; ignobilis ; obscurus, sordidus (very mean) : to be of mean descent, ortum esse obscuro, humili, ignobili loco (Cicero) ; sordido loco ortum esse (Livius). || Low-minded, humilis ; abjectus ; illiberalis ; sordidus.

MEAN, s., || The middle, mediocrity, mediocritas (Cf., medium, as a substantive, is not Latin) : temperamentum (the right measure, mediocritas, quæ est inter nimium et parum ; Cf., Ciceronian, but not common in the best prose) : modus (e. g., extra modum prodire) : the golden mean, aurea mediocritas (Horatius, Od., 2, 10, 5) : the mean is the best, medio tutissimus ibis (Ovidius, Met., 2, 137) ; mediocritas optima est : to keep or observe the mean, medium quiddam tenere ; tenere mediocritatem, quæ est inter nimium et parum ; in anything, mediocritate moderari aliquid ; temperamentum servare in aliqua re (Plinius. Paneg., 3, in. ). MEAN,

MEANS, s., (anything that serves for the attainment of an object), via, ratio, consilium, ratio quam aliquis init, consilium quod aliquis capit (of the measures which one adopts) ; auxilium, adjumentum, subsidium, præsidium, telum, instrumentum ; to anything, ad aliquid (of helps, which conduce to the attainment of an object) : to choose or adopt means, rationem or viam inire, or capere or sequi : to have recourse to a means, ad rationem aliquam confugere : to use outward means, externis adjumentis uti : to try all means, omnia experiri ; nihil inexpertum omittere : volo id quam mollissima via consequi (by the gentlest means, Livius) : to try extreme means, extremum auxilium experiri ; supremum auxilium effundere ; extrema experiri or audere ; ad extrema or ad ultimum auxilium descendere : by all means, omnino, plane, prorsus, admodum, utique (entirely, intensive) : sane, ita sane, sane quidem, utique, scilicet, nimirum, quidem, vero (affirmative ; in assertions and concessions ; vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 37, 38, 151) : by no means, neutiquam haudquaquam : by some means or other, aliquo modo.

MEAN, v., || To indicate, denote, indicare ; significare ; ostendere ; portendere. || To have a certain signification (of words), significare ; valere ; sonare : what does this word mean? quid sonat hæc vox? quæ vis est hujus vocis? sub hac voce quæ subjicienda est vis? || To understand, or design to signify, dicere ; significare ; velle : whom do we mean when we speak of a rich man? or, what do we mean by rich? quem intelligimus divitem? (Cicero) || To purpose, intend, propositum habere aliquid ; cogitare aliquid, or de aliqua re ; quærere aliquid ; habere aliquid in animo est mihi aliquid in animo ; velle. || To signify, to be of a certain importance, vim quandam habere ; momenti, discriminis, esse ; aliquid esse : to mean nothing, nullius esse momenti ; nullam habere vim. || To be of a certain kind or tendency, sibi velle ; e. g., hostes admiratio cepit, quidnam sibi repentinus clamor vellet (Livius, ; what it meant) : quid ergo illæ sibi volunt statuæ inauratæ? (what mean? Cicero, Verr., 2, 61, 150).

MEANDER, s., mæander (Cicero ; of a very circuitous route by-ways, Vergilius, etc. ) ; flexus (Plinius, Tacitus) ; nexus (Horatius).

MEANDER, v., mæandros persequi (Cicero, figuratively) ; mæandros facere et gyros (Ammianus, figuratively) ; inæqualiter sinuari (Tacitus) ; * flexuoso cursu serpere.

MEANDRING, flexuosus.

MEANING, || Of a word, significatio (the meaning of a word; opposed to vox ; Varro) : significatus (post-Augustan ; e. g., VE particula duplicem significatum. . . habet, Gellius) : vis : potestas (the force of a word : potestas, Auct., ad Herenn., 4, 54, in Gell., 1, 3, and 10, 29) : sententia (the meaning which a speaker attaches to a word : Cf., for which sensus is un classical in prose) : notio (the meaning one attaches to a word). OBS. Acceptionem nominis pro significatione dubito, an idoneus scriptor dixerit, Ruhnken, ad Muret., iii, 26, ed. Ruhnken. The real and proper meaning (of a word), vera atque propria significatio : the natural and primary meaning of a word, naturalis atque principalis verbi significatio (Quintilianus) : a false meaning, falsa atque aliena verbi significatio : the present meaning (of a word), potestas præsens : the word has this meaning, hæc vis subjecta est voci : that is the meaning of the word, hæc vis est istius verbi : the proper meaning of the word is this, huic verbo domicilium est proprium in hoc : this word has various or several meanings, hujus vocis potestas multiplex est (general term, after Auct., ad Her., 4, 54, in. ) ; huic verbo sunt migrationes in alienum domicilium multæ (has many improper meanings ; Cicero, ad Div., 16, 17, 1) : it is necessary to fix carefully the meaning of the word, carere, illum excutiendum est, quid sit carere : Cicero uses the word in nearly the same meaning, consimiliter Cicero isto verbo utitur : the preposition de has different meanings with one and the same word, de præpositio in uno eodemque verbo diversitatem significationis capit : to be used in rather an unusual (affected, etc. ) meaning, doctiuscule positum esse : to have a narrow meaning, angustius valere : to have a more extensive meaning, latius patere (e. g., insania = the word insania latius patet, Cicero) : to attach a meaning to a word, sub voce sententiam subjicere ; verbo vim, sententiam, notionem subjicere : to know the meaning of words, nosse vim verborum (after Cicero) ; scire significationem verborum (Quintilianus) : to examine carefully the meaning of words, diligenter examinare verborum pondera : when a word has two or more meanings, quum verbum potest in duas pluresve sententias accipi : not to comprehend the meaning of a word, verbum quid valeat, non videre : to take the meaning that suits one best, eo trahere significationem (scripti, vocis, etc. ) quo expediat, aut quo aliquis velit : an opposite meaning of the same word, ejusdem verbi contraria significatio : the same words are used in a different meaning, eædem voces in diversa significatione ponuntur : many words, as, for instance, hostis, have lost their original meaning, multa verba aliud nunc ostendunt, aliud ante significabant, ut hostis (Varro, L. L., 5, 1, 4). The meaning of carere is “to be without what you would wish to have, ” carere. . . hoc significat, egere eo, quod habere velis (Cicero) : what meaning is to be attached to this word? sub hac voce quænam est subjicienda sententiæ? the word “happy, ” as applied to a person, has no other meaning than this, that, etc., neque ulla alia huic verbo, quum beatum dicimus, subjecta notio est, nisi, etc. (if it had been “the word virtue, ” verbo virtutis would have been the proper term [vid. under “WORD”] : to have the same meaning, ejusdem esse significationis (after
Cicero) : ad eundem intellectum ferri (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 11) : or vis. . . eadem est (e. g., videtur vis ordinis et collocationis eadem esse, Cicero). || The drift, purport, of a speech, oracle, etc. (including the object of the speaker), mostly by valere or spectare, with adverb of motion to a point : the meaning of this was, id eo valebat, ut, etc. (Nepos) : when no one knew, what the meaning of this oracle was, id responsum quo valeret, quum intelligent nemo (Nepos) : the meaning of this was that she was bribed by Philip, hoc eo spectabat, ut eam [Pythiam] a Philippo corruptam diceret. || Object with which anything is said or done, consilium : animus : mens : voluntas, or by circumlocution with sibi velle ; spectare aliquid or ad aliquid ; sequi aliquid ; in animo habere aliquid. (animo) intendere aliquid, etc. What is your meaning in doing this? quid tibi vis? quæ tua mens? my meaning is, etc., mens mea hæc est ; eo pertinent or valent mea consilia (of plans) : what is the meaning of those statues? quid istæ sibi statuæ volunt? I did not clearly understand the meaning of the law, or of those words, nee satis intellexi, quid sibi lex, aut quid ista verba vellent (Cicero) : what is the meaning of all this? quid hoc rei est? (Livius) : that was not my meaning, hoc nolui ; hæc non erat mea mens : with a good meaning, bono consilio or animo : my meaning in doing this was to, etc., hoc feci eo consilio, ut, etc. : full of meaning, significans (of words and gestures, Cf., post-Augustan) : argutus (expressive ; of the eyes, gestures, etc. ) : efficiens (of words, vid. Quintilianus, 10, 1, 6).

MEANLY, || Moderately, etc., tenuiter ; exigue. || Illiberally, humiliter ; abjecte ; illiberaliter ; sordide.

MEANNESS, || Of birth, etc., humilitas (Cicero) ; ignobilitas generis (Sallustius) ; ignobilitas, locus humilis or obscurus (Cicero). || Of mind or sentiment, humilitas ; animus humilis or abjectus.

MEANS, s., (Fortune) [vid. FORTUNE] : a man of good or tolerable means (i. e., resources), qui habet unde utatur ; modice locuples. MEASLES (of men), morbilli (medical technical term). (swine), scrophula, hydătis finna (technical term). MEASLY (of men), * morbillis obsitus ; (of swine), scrophulosus (Bau. ).

MEASURABLE, quod metiri possumus ; quod metiendo assequi licet (Cf., not mensurabilis, late).

MEASURE, s., || Criterion of quantity, mensura (that by which anything is measured, properly and figuratively, abstract and concrete) : modus (relation to be observed, limit) : moderatio (observing due measure) : measures and weights, mensuræ et pondera : a measure heaped up, mensura cumulata : measure of a syllable, mora (grammatical) : to take a measure of anything, mensuram alicujus rei inire : to take a person’s measure for clothes, vestem conficiendam ad corporis modulum metiri (after Suetonius, Ner., 49) : to buy or sell anything by measure, aliquid mensura emere, vendere : with full measure, pleno modio ; cumulate : * in full measure abunde, affatim (enough, or more than enough) : according to measure, pro modo ; pro ratione ; but usually by pro with an ablative ; e. g., pro viribus agere : without measure, sine modo ; præter, extra, supra modum ; immodice ; immoderate : to observe measure, modum tenere, retinere, servare ; modum or moderationem adhibere or habere (in aliqua re) : not to observe measure, to exceed it modum non servare ; modum excedere, transire ; extra modum prodire : to set measure to a thing, modum facere, ponere, statuere, constituere alicui rei (to determine how far to go) : finem facere alicujus rei and alicui rei (to put un end to a thing). || Plan, means, ratio (mode of procedure) : consilium (plan) : a prudent measure, consilium prudens : mild measures, mollia consilia (after Tacitus, Ann., 1, 40, 1, where we find the more rare mollia consulta) : to take a measure, rationem inire ; consilium capere : to adapt measures to time and circumstances, consilium pro tempore et pro re capere : to adopt good measures, bonis consiliis uti ; consilia alicui rei accommodata capere : to adopt more vigorous measures, fortioribus remediis uti : to take the necessary measures, providere quæ tempus monet : to taki one’s measures according to anything, se fingere ex aliqua re (Cicero, Att., 6, 3, 4) : to take measures against anything, alicui rei occurrere : to take measures for the future, de consiliis in posterum providere.

MEASURE, v., metiri (to take a measure) : dimetiri (to take all the dimensions ; Cf., metari and demetiri denote “to measure out”) : mensuram alicujus rei inire (to undertake the measuring) : to measure money with a bushel, nummos metiri modio : to measure metrical feet, pedes syllabarum metiri : to measure one’s self with anyone ; i. e., (a) to compare one’s self with, se comparare cum aliquo ; se conferre alicui : (b) to try ones strength with, experiri aliquem (vid. Bremi, Nep., Ham., 4, 3) : contendere cum aliquo (to enter the lists with). To MEASURE BY, aliquid dirigere ad aliquid or aliqua re dirigere aliquid ; modulari aliquid aliqua re (to regulate the measure of anything by another) : to measure anything by the rules of art, ad artem dirigere aliquid : to measure duty by advantage, utilitate dirigere officium : to measure the voice by the beat of the feet, sonum vocis modulari pulsu pedum : to measure by, i. e., to regulate according or with reference to, metiri aliquid aliqua re. To MEASURE OUT (for the purpose of ascertaining the quantity of a thing), metiri ; emetiri ; dimetiri (to distribute by measure) : permetiri (to measure through) : admetiri (to measure to anyone) : dimetare (to mark out, according its single parts) : to measure out a camp, castra metare ; locum castris dimetare.

MEASURED, part ; vid. the verb : participial adjective ; i. e., well arranged, compositus.

MEASURELESS, immensus (properly and figuratively) : infinitus (without limits, endless) : immanis (immense, of monstrous size).

MEASUREMENT, mensio (the art of measurement) : mensura (measure) : moderatio numerorum et pedum (Cicero, Or., 1, 60, 254).

MEASURER, mensor (of land), metator.

MEASURING, || The act of taking measures, mensio ; mensura.

More frequently by the verbs. || The art of measurement, ars metiendi or dimetiendi : measuring-chain, cate̅na mensoria.

MEAT, || Food in general [vid. FOOD. ] || Flesh used as food, caro : a meat-safe, place where meat is kept, armarium promptuarium, carnarium (Plinius) : to cut up meat, secare, scindere (a whole animal) : in frusta excutere (of dividing into smaller portions) : carpere (of dividing into portions with the fingers, Petronius). MECHANIC, adjective, mechanicus.

MECHANIC, s., operarius (Cicero, Or., 1, 18, 83 sq. ).

MECHANICAL, || Properly, mechanicus (Gellius) ; organicus (Vitruvius) : mechanical arts, artes ; artificia, plural. || Figuratively, qui externo or alieno pulsu movetur ; non suo judicio et sensu agens aliquid : a mechanical motion, corporis motus, qui fit sine consilio, sine sensu.

MECHANICALLY, || Properly, mechanice ; mechanica ratione. || Figuratively, sine judicio.

MECHANICS, ars mechanica (Jul., Firm. ) ; ratio et disciplina mechanica (Gellius, 10, 12 ; simply mechanica, Appuleius) ; machinatio (applied to machinery, Vitruvius, 10, præf., 1) : knowledge of mechanics, scientia machinalis (Plinius, 7, 37, 38).

MECHANISM, machina ; machinatio ; e. g., bestiis data est quædam machinatio (Cicero, N. D., 2, 48, 123) ; machinatione quadam move̅ri aliquid videmus (ib., 2, 38, 97) : a piece of mechanism, machinamentum.

MECHANIST, mechanicus.

MEDAL, * nummus in memoriam alicujus rei cusus ; * nummus in honorem alicujus cusus (Georges) ; * nummus in memoriam alicujus rei signatus ; * nummus memorialis (Kraft).

MEDALLION, * imago ad clipei similitudinem efformata (Gesn. ), or simply clipeus (after Suetonius, Cal., 16).

MEDDLE, se immiscere alicui rei ; se interponere in aliquid.

MEDDLER, ardeiio ; homo occupatus in otio, gratis anhelans (Phædrus. ) Vid. also, MEDDLING.

MEDDLING, (homo) importunus, molestus ; qui aliena negotia curat.

MEDIATE, adjective, By circumlocution : e. g., there are mediate and immediate causes, causarum aliæ sunt adjuvantes, alia proximæ (Cicero, De Fat., 18, 41) : Cf., mediatus is not Latin.

MEDIATE, v. || INTRANS., intercedere, se interponere. || TRANS., conciliare, componere : to mediate a piece, pacem conciliare (Cicero) ; componere (Livius) ; pacis componendæ auctorem, conciliatorem esse.

MEDIATION, intercessio (Cicero) ; interventus (Suetonius) ; compositio (Cicero).

MEDIATOR, intercessor, qui intercedit (general term, one who comes between, either to hinder or to promote anything ; hence, especially an agent, etc. ) : qui se or auctoritatem suam interponit (one who interferes by virtue of his character or office) : arbiter, qui arbitri partes agit or sustinet (umpire or arbitrator) : interpres (interpreter and agent, one who negotiates on behalf of another ; Cf., orator is the spokesman of an embassy) : conciliator alicujus rei (one who effects or accomplishes ; e. g., conciliator nuptiarum) : Cf., quasi media quædam manus (Quintilianus, 11, 2, 3) can be used only where a thing is transmitted through a third hand (properly and figuratively).

MEDIATORIAL, By the substantive.
: MEDICAL, medicus : medicinalis (Celsus) : medicinus (Varro, e. g., ars, the medical art) : medical man, [vid. DOCTOR] : a medical student, artis medicæ, or medicinæ, studiosus.

MEDICAMENT, Vid. MEDICINE.

MEDICATE, miscere rem ; temperare aliqua re.

MEDICINAL, medicinis idoneus ; medicus ; salutaris ; vim medendi habens : the medicinal quality or virtue of a spring, medica salubritas fontis (Plinius) : possessed of medicinal qualities, medicatus (Plinius) ; medicamentosus (Cato).

MEDICINE, || A medical remedy, medicina (as ordered by the physician) : medicamentum (as prepared by the apothecary, φάρμακον) : medicamen belongs principally to poetry ; also, poisonous or magic draught : remedium (remedy for or against any of the evils we are subject to ; alicujus rei, ad or contra aliquid) : antidŏton (against poison ; Cf., not remedium). A powerful medicine, medicamentum or remedium efficax : a medicine that works quickly, medicina or remedium præsens : medicina strenua (opposed to remedium pigrum) : a weak or powerless medicine, medicina imbeciila : a medicine too weak for the disorder, medicina imbecillior quam morbus : a strong medicine, remedium acre ; medicamentum vehemens : a useful or good medicine, medicamentum or remedium salutare : the medicine works well, medicamentum commode facit (Celsus) : to take medicine, medicinam accipere ; medicamentum bibere, sumere : to take medicine for anything, alicui rei medicinam or remedium (sibi) adhibere ; in re remedio uti : to give anybody medicine, dare alicui medicamentum (ad or contra aliquid) medicamentum potui dare alicui (if it is a draught) ; for a disorder, medicinam opponere morbo : to prescribe medicines, ægrotanti remedia præcipere or præscribere ; morbo remedia proponere : the physician goes on with the same medicine, medicus perseverat remedium adhibere : to mix up or compound medicines, medicamentum parare (Cicero) ; componere (Columella) ; temperare (Scribonius, Larg. ) ; in poculo diluere (Curtius, ; the last only if it is a draught) : the medicine begins to work, medicamentum concipitur venis, diffunditur per venas : not to require medicine, medicina non egere : the preparation or compounding of medicines, medicamentorum compositio : a compounder of medicines, medicamentarius. || The medical art, medicina, ars medicina (Cicero) : ars medicinæ (Quintilianus) : ars medicamentaria (Plinius) : ars medicinalis (Celsus) : disciplina medicinæ (Vitruvius) : ars medendi : ea pars medicinæ, quæ medicamentis medetur (opposed to surgery and dietetics, Celsus) : To study medicine, medicinæ studere : to practise medicine, medicinam exercere (Cicero) ; f’acere, factitare (Quintilianus) : to understand or possess a knowledge of medicine, artem medicinam tenere (Sulp. ap. Cic. ) : medicinæ scientiam tenere (Serv., ap. Cicero) : medendi peritum esse (Plinius). κυρικιμασαηικο

MEDICINE CHEST, narthecium (Cicero) ; pyxis medicamentaria. To take medicines from a medicine chest, medicamenta de narthecio proniere. MEDIOCRE, mediocris ; modicus : medius (in the Silver Age).

MEDIOCRITY, || The mean, mediocritas quæ est inter nimium et parum (Cicero) ; medium quoddam (Cicero) temperamentum (Plinius, Paneg., 3). || Moderate quality, mediocritas ; tenuitas (Cicero).

MEDITATE, || To reflect upon, cogitare, commentari, aliquid, or de aliqua re (to think over anything), meditari ; upon anything, aliquid or de aliqua re (to consider how anything ought to be ; hence, to study). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) de aliqua re commentari atque meditari. || To design, intend, vid. DESIGN.

MEDITATION, cogitatio (thought) : meditatio (speculative reflection) : commentatio ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) commentatio et meditatio (deep reflection).

MEDITATIVE, cogitans, prudens (Cicero) ; meditabundus (Justinus).

MEDITERRANEAN, mediterraneus (opposed to maritimus, Cæsar, Plinius) : the Mediterranean sea, mare medium, internum, or (as the Romans would say) mare nostrum (But Cf., not mare mediterraneum in this sense ; Isidorus applies this to the ocean between Asia, Africa, and Europe).

MEDIUM, medium quoddam (Cicero). Vid. MEAN.

MEDLAR, v., mespĭlum (Plinius) : medlar-tree, mespĭlus (ib. ).

MEDLEY, s., farrago (of things, Juvenalis, 1, 86) : sartago (of words ; Persius, 1, 80) : a literary medley, libri varii, diversi generis, argumenti.

MEDLEY, adjective, mistus or mixtus ; commistus ; permistus (Cicero), promiscuus (Livius) ; miscellus (Gellius) ; miscellaneus (Appuleius) : a medley group, circulus promiscuus (after Tacitus, Ann., 12, 7).

MEDULLARY, * in medullâ : * ad medullam pertinens ; or by the genitive of medulla. medullaris (Appuleius). MEEK, demissus(Cicero) ; submissus (Cæsar, humble) : modestus, verecundus (in outward behavior ; opposed to immodestus, superbus, ferox). MEEKLY, submisse ; animo demisso or submisso humiliter : multis verbis et supplex orat aliquis (entreats meekly).

Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths. com

MEEKNESS, modestia ; verecundia ; animus submissus or demissus.

MEET, adjective, Vid. FIT.