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LIE, v. , i. e. , to be situate, etc. || (A) in the narrower sense, to be laid or to have laid itself, properly and figuratively, jacere (general term, but especially as opposed to standing, standing upright ; hence = to lie, with the idea of weakness) ;
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situm esse, positum esse (of things without life ; to be situate, etc. [rarely jacere in this sense] ; also of persons buried) ; cubare (to lie resting, as opposed to moving one’s self, etc. , always with the idea of having stretched one’s self out at ease, whether real or apparent ; hence in prose only of living beings, whether they rest, sleep, take food, or are sick) ; recubare, recumbere (to be in a recumbent posture) ; accubare, accumbere (to lie at a place, or of several, to lie one with another anywhere, especially of reclining at table) : to lie at or near a person or thing, jacere ad, etc. ; adjacere alicui rei, or ad aliquem, or aliquid (of persons and things) ; appositum, applicatum esse alicui rei (to be laid on anything, of things) : to lie upon anything, alicui rei or in aliquo loco incubare (to have stretched one’s self on anything) : aliqua re inniti (to support one’s self on anything ; e. g. , on the elbows ; of persons) situm, positum esse in aliqua re or in aliquo loco (to be laid upon anything ; of things) : to lie upon, superincubare (of persons ; vid. above, cubare) superimpositum esse (to be laid upon ; of things) ; superstratum esse (to be strewed upon, of things ; then, to have been thrown upon, of persons) : to lie under, succubare (of persons) ; substratum esse (to be strewed under ; then, to be laid or thrown under, of things and persons) : to lie in anything, jacere in aliqua re (general term) ; positum esse in aliqua re (of things) : to lie on the ground, humi jacere humi stratum jacere (of persons and things) ; humi cubare, in solo recubare (in rest or sleep, of persons) ; prostratum esse, dirutum jacere (to be thrown down, of things) : to lie upon the face, in os pronum jacere (general term) ; in faciem cubare (resting on a bed or couch; opposed to supinum cubare, i. e. , to lie upon the back, Juvenalis, 3, 280) : to lie in bed, in lecto jacere or esse ; jacere ; cubare (general term, also as a sick person) ; lecto teneri, affixum esse (to be obliged to keep one’s bed) : to lie (sick) in bed on account of anything, cubare ex (e. g. , ex duritie alvi) : to lie in (of child-bed), puerperio cubare : to lie in the arms of anyone, hærere in alicujus complexu : to lie at the feet of anyone, alicui ad pedes jacere, stratum esse, or stratum jacere (also as a suppliant) : to let lie, sinere (general term) ; non auferre (not to take away, not to do away, a thing) ; facere, ut aliquid jaceat (to cause anything to lie ; e. g. , in aqua) ; aliquid abjicere, omittere, intermittere (figuratively, to give up, leave off) ; abjicere et omittere (entirely) ; intermittere (for a time) : to lie a-bed, in lecto se continere (lo remain in bed ; of persons) ; non surgere (not to rise, of anyone lying down) : to lie motionless or helpless, se erigere non posse : the snow still lies (nives non liquescunt) : I have money lying idle, pecunia otiosa mihi jacet (not at interest, Pandect. ) : nummos numeratos habeo (I have ready money, so as to be able to make payment when due). || (B) in a wider sense, (l)to have a certain position, especially of places and countries, jacere (generally, of natural or artificial localities, but especially of a low situation) ; situm esse, positum esse (the former both of natural localities [vid. Cicero, Verr. , 4, 48, 106, of a village] and of artificial ; positum esse, only of artificial localities, especially of higher ones) : to lie at or near a place, aliquem locum adjacere ; aliquem locum tangere, attingere, contingere (general term) : alicui loco applicatum, appositum esse (to be built or placed upon anything, only of artificial localities ; e. g. , of a camp) : to lie in a place, in aliquo loco jacere, situm esse, positum esse : to lie over against a place, e regione or ex adverso alicujus loci jacere, situm esse : to lie on this side of a place, cis locum jacere : to lie toward a place, jacere, situm esse ad locum versus (general term) ; prospicere locum, prospectum dare ad locum (to look toward a place, of a room, etc. ) : to lie toward a quarter of the heavens, vergere, spectare in or ad, etc. [e. g. , toward the north) ; in or ad septentriones : Aquitania lies in a north-west direction : Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones lying toward the north, toward the west, in septentrionem versus, ad occidentem versus : to lie higher, or above a place, jacere supra, etc. : to lie in a circle round a place, circa locum in orbem situm esse, locum ambire (e. g. , of islands) : to lie under a place, alicui loco subjacere, subjectum esse ; jacere sub aliquo loco : to lie close under a mountain, jacere sub radicibus montis : to lie before a place, jacere, situm esse ante locum : to lie near, procul abesse ; propinquum esse : to lie far apart, magno locorum intervallo disjunctum esse : to lie at an equal distance apart, pari intervallo distare : the eyes lie deep, oculi introrsus retracti sunt. (2) To be a long time in a place or state (of persons), versari, commorari, esse (general term to tarry in a place) ; in præsidio esse or collocatum esse (of a garrison) ; jacere, sedere (to stay, abide anywhere, with the idea of inactive rest, as opposed to acting, like Greek κεῖσθαι) : to lie before a town, ad urbem sedere (to lie inactive before it) : to lie in quarters anywhere, stativa habere aliquo loco : to lie encamped, in castris esse. (3) Figuratively. To have a foundation in, to depend upon, consist with, situm esse in aliquo or in aliqua re (to depend upon) ; versari in aliqua re (to turn upon) ; cerni in aliqua re (to show itself in) ; niti (in) aliqua re (to have its chief support in) : it lies with us, with circumstances, situm est in nobis, in temporibus : as much as lies in me, quantum in me situm est ; pro viribus ; ut potero : (Cf. , not pro parte virili. thefault lies with him, is est in culpa ; culpa est penes eum (comedy) : in what lies the hindrance? quid impedit? the reason lies in this, that, etc. , causa est in eo, quod, etc. , the difference lies in this, that, etc. , discrimen versatur, cernitur in eo, quod, etc. : it lay not in the character of the king to, etc. , rex non is erat, qui (with a subjunctive).
LIEGE, Vid. SOVEREIGN, SUBJECT.
LIEUTENANCY, * locus or munus legati (deputy) or subcenturionis (in the army).
LIEUTENANT, legatus (deputy, assistant officer) ; * subcenturio (in the army, after Livius, 8, 8) : to be anybody’s lieutenant, legatum esse alicui : Cf. , not alicujus ; but, e. g. , Cæsaris legatus, in apposition to a person’s name, is correct.
LIFE, || As a state ; opposed to death, vita (Greek, βίος, general term ; opposed to mors) ; anima, spiritus (breathy of life) ; salus (existence from moment to moment; opposed to interitus, exitium) ; caput (the head, as seat of life) ; lux, hæc lux (the light of day : Cf. , vitæ lux is without good authority ; vid. commentators on Cicero, Cat. , 1, 6, 15). Physical life, vita, quæ corpore et spiritu continetur : in my life, in vita mea ; dum vivo ; me vivo : to have life, vivere ; vitam habere ; in vita esse ; vita or hac luce frui (to enjoy life) : to receive life, nasci ; in lucem edi : to receive new life and strength, reviviscere et recreari : to lose life, vitam amittere, perdere ; interfici, necari (to be killed) ; necari (with violence) : to come to life again, reviviscere : to destroy one’s own life, mortem sibi consciscere ; manus sibi or vim vitæ suæ inferre ; manus sibi afferre (Cf. , the following phrases are unusual and rather poetical : manu vitam sibi exhaurire ; occupare diem fati ; occupare manu mortem ; finem vitæ sibi ponere, etc. : avoid se interficere) : to take away the life of anyone, vitam alicui auferre, adimere, eripere ; aliquem vita or hac luce privare ; alicui vim afferre ; (more rarely) aliquem vita expellere : to seek the life of anyone, alicujus vitæ or capiti insidiari ; alicujus vitam appetere (ferro atque manibus) ; necem or interitum alicui parare : to despair of the life of anyone, * ægri salutem desperare (as a physician ; ægri salus, Cicero, De N. D. , 3, 38, 91) : to give one his life, vitam alicui dare (general term, also of a physician ; vid. Plinius, 2, 20, 8) ; vitam alicui concedere, alicui mortem remittere, usuram lucis alicui dare (to a person condemned to death) ; alicujus vitæ parcere, consulere (to spare the life) ; aliquem procreare (to beget) ; aliquem parere (to bring forth) : your letter has given me a little life again (figuratively), literæ tuæ me sollicitum aliquid levarunt (after Cicero, Att. 4, 7, 1 ; but literæ tuæ mihi quiddam quasi animulæ restillarunt is only conjecture in Cicero, Att. , 4, 7, 1) : to call into life, gignere, procreare (to beget) ; facere, efficere (to make, effect, of things) : to preserve one’s life, aliquem conservare : to owe one’s life to another, natum esse aliquo (to be begotten) ; alicui salutem debere, alicujus beneficio vivere (to owe one’s deliverance or preservation) : to pray for one’s life, mortem deprecari : to pray for the life of another, alicujus vitam deprecari ab aliquo : to come off with one’s life, salvum, incolumem evadere : my life is in danger, I run the risk of my life, in vitas periculum addictus sum ; caput agitur. || In respect of the manner how or where one lives, vita ; victus (in respect of domestic management, so that when vita and victus occur near each other, vita refers to the public, and victus to the private life ; e. g. , Nepos, Alcib. , 1, 3 ; non minus in vita, quam in victu splendidus erat) : in public life, in republica gerenda : common life, vita quotidiana
: in common life, in vitæ consuetudine ; vulgo (commonly) : the language of common life, genus sermonis usitatum : to use the language of common life, verbis quotidianis uti : to lead a certain life, vivere (with an adverb) ; vitam agere (with an adjective ; Cf. , but not vitam ducere ; i. e. , to drag on life) ; e. g. , to lead a happy life, vivere feliciter, beate ; vitam felicem agere : to lead a poor life, vitam tolerare inopem. || In respect of the time during which one lives, vita ; ætas : to devote one’s life to studies, omnem suam vitam consumere in studiis : to devote one’s life to the investigation of a thing, ætatem agere in quærenda aliqua re : to pass the rest of one’s life in retirement, quod reliquum est vitæ in otio degere : he has often in his life destroyed an innocent citizen by false witness, sæpe in ætate sua perdidit civem innocentem falso testimonio. || In respect of time and action ; to describe the life of anyone, alicujus vitæ imaginem exprimere : to review one’s life, * vitæ memoriam recolere ; præteriti temporis spatium respicere (cf. Cicero, Arch. , 1, 1). || Reality, original, verum : to draw one to the life, ad verum (Cf. , not ad vivum) exprimere : alicujus similitudinem effingere ex vero (Plinius, Ep. , 4, 28, extr. ) : to represent one to the life, effingere alicujus imaginem dicendo (Quintilianus, 6, 1, 8) : to describe or paint anything to the life, aliquid sic exponere quasi agatur res, non quasi narretur (Cicero) ; aliquid ita ostendere, ut non clarius futurum sit spectantibus (Quintilianus, of a battle). || That which is as dear to us as our life ; e. g. , my life! mea vita! mea lux! you are my life, certe tu vita es mihi (comedy). || PHRASES, (a) Course of life, vitæ (or Vivendi) cursus, curriculum (the period or space of life) ; vivendi or vitæ via (way of life) : to choose our course of life, deligere quam viam vivendi ingressuri simus : to enter upon, walk in a right course of life, rectam vitæ viam sequi : to finish or complete the course of life, vitæ cursum or vivendi curriculum conficere : (b) Plan of life, vitæ or vivendi consilium ; vitæ institutum ; vitæ propositum ; vitæ ratio et institutio ; vita : to sketch out a plan of life, vivendi consilium (or, simply, vitam) constituere : to change one’s plan of life, institutorum mutationem facere ; vitæ propositum mutare. (c) Rule of life, vitæ, vivendi or (in respect of conduct) agendi præceptum ; vitæ lex ; lex qua vivamus ; vitæ ratio (plural, vitæ rationes) : to draw up rules of life for one’s self, vitæ rationes suscipere : to give rules of life to anyone, vivendi præcepta alicui dare : to receive or learn rules of life from anyone, agendi præcepta ab aliquo accipere. (d) Weariness of life, vivendi or vitæ satietas (a being satisfied with life) ; vitæ odium (distaste for life; opposed to vitæ amor) : I feel weariness of life, vitæ satietas me cepit ; vitæ me tædet : everyday life, quotidianæ vitæ consuetudo. || Mode of living, conduct, vita ; mores (manners, behavior). A bad, shameful life, vita turpis : to lead a bad, disgraceful life, turpiter, improbe, vivere : a virtuous life, vita honesta, sancta ; vita honesta or per virtutem acta : to lead a virtuous life, honeste, sancte, vivere : a dissolute life, vita omnibus flagitiis, or omnibus libidinibus, dedita : to lead a dissolute life, omnibus flagitiis, or omnibus libidinibus, deditum esse ; luxuria diffluere. || Liveliness, sprightliness, alacritas (liveliness) ; spiritus (enlivening spirit) : spirit and life of an orator, calor et vehementia dicentis : there is no life here, omnia hic jacent, languent.
LIFE-GUARD, corporis custodes (general term) ; delecta manus, or juventus quæ alicujus (e. g. , principis) corpus domumque custodit (vid. Cicero, Mil. , 25, 67) ; evocati, qui excubias circa principis cubiculum vice militum agunt (consisting of citizens, Suetonius, Gall. , 10) ; stipatores corporis, or simply stipatores (under the later emperors, protectores) ; satellites (when considered as those who executed commands ; vid. Cicero, Rull. , 2, 13, 32, stipalores corporis constituit eosdem ministros et satellites potestatis) ; cohors prætoria (in the time of the republic, cohors imperatoris, quam delectam manum præsidii causa circa se habet ; Livius, 2, 20 : under the emperors there were several (ten or more) cohortes prætoriani, which formed the standing army of the emperors, like the Turkish janizaries, called also milites prætoriani ; regia cohors ; regia cohors custodesque corporis ; scholares, alæ scholares (under the later emperors, the household troops). To take a life-guard, stationem militum sibi assumere ; corpus armatis circumsepire : to have a life-guard, delectam manum præsidii, or custodiæ, causa circa se habere : to have a life-guard of 260 cavalry, ducentos equites ad custodiam corporis habere.
LIFEGUARDSMAN, corporis custos, or stipator, satelles ; miles prætorianus. Vid. LIFE-GUARD.
LIFELESS, || Naturally without life, inanimus, inanimatus (opposed to animal : Cf. , later forms are inanimis, inanimans, inanimalis) ; vita, or vita et sensu carens (without life and feeling) : to be lifeless, inanimum esse ; vita carere. || That has lost life, exanimus ; exanimis ; exanimatus ; exsanguis (without blood, dead) ; mortuus, exstinctus (dead) : almost lifeless, exstincto or mortuo similis (like a dead person, properly) exanimatus, exsanguis (rather figuratively). || FIG. , Without power or vigor, exsanguis (e. g. , of a speech).
LIFETIME, Vid. LIFE.
LIFT, v. , tollere : extollere : attollere. To lift up, erigere, levare, allevare, sublevare (to raise from the ground) ; excitare (to raise that which has sunk ; as, the head) : to lift up one’s self, se erigere ; surgere ; assurgere (to stand up, rise) : to lift up anyone with the hand, manu allevare aliquem : to lift up the hands, manus tollere : to lift up the hands to heaven, tendere manus, or manus supplices ad cœlum : to lift up hands against anyone, manus tentare in aliquem or alicui (with hostile purpose) : to lift up the eyes, oculos erigere, tollere ; to anything, suspicere aliquid : figuratively, to lift up one’s heart or soul to God, * animum convertere ad cogitationem Dei : to lift up the thoughts to things above, * animum ad cœlestia tollere : to lift up the voice, vocem intendere (opposed to vocem remittere).
LIFT, s. , use the verb ; e. g. , to give a lift ; i. e. , To LIFT.
LIGAMENT,
LIGATURE, || Bandage, fascia ; diminutively, fasciola ; ligamentum ad vulnus deligandum. To put on a ligature, deligare : alligare : obligare. || Any thing that binds, ligamen, vinculum.
LIGHT, s. , || Any shining substance, and the brightness produced by it, especially and usually daylight, lumen, lux (lumen is the cause of light, that which gives light, a luminous body ; lux, the light, brightness. To the sun we apply lumen and lux ; lumen so far as it gives light to the earth, lux so far as it is a luminous or bright body). [Cf. , The poetic jubar denotes the pure splendor of the heavenly bodies. ] The light of the sun, of the moon, lumen, lux, solis, lunæ : the light of day, lux diurna (Lucretius, 6, 648), or usually, simply lux : with the light, cum prima luce ; die illucescente ; sub lucis ortum (toward break of day) : the light of the eyes, lumina oculorum ; lumina (Cf. , luces is poetical) : to see the light of day (i. e. , to be born), in lucem edi or suscipi ; nasci : to come into the light of day, exire supra terram (properly to come to the surface of the earth from subterraneous places of persons or animals) ; in publicum prodire (rather figuratively, to appear in public) ; in lucem proferri, protrahi (properly and figuratively of things) ; detegi, patefieri (figuratively to be uncovered, made manifest) : not to come to light, lucem non aspicere, publico carere (not to go out, of persons) jacere, in tenebris latere (properly, to remain hidden ; of things) : to bring or draw to the light (of day), supra terram educere (from subterraneous places ; of persons or animals, properly, after Cicero, N. D. , 2, 37, 95) ; in lucem proferre, protrahere (properly and figuratively, to render visible or notorious ; of things) ; aperire, patefacere, detegere, manifestum facere (figuratively to make known, reveal) : to bring to light (figuratively = to make known or famous), in lucem vocare e tenebris (persons) ; illustrare et excitare (things, e. g. philosophiam) : to bring a thing again to light, aliquid in lucem revocare (e. g. , veteres scriptores) : to give light to a thing, lumina immittere alicui rei (properly, e. g. , to a house) ; alicui rei lucem afferre ; aliquid illustrare, explanare (figuratively to make clear) : to give light (explanation) to a person in anything, docere aliquem aliquid, edocere aliquem aliquid, or de re (by teaching) ; explicare alicui aliquid (by explanation) : to shed light upon a thing (figuratively), illustrare aliquid ; lucem or lumen alicui rei afferre (Cf. , noi affundere) : a room has light, cubiculum illustre est : to obstruct the light to anyone, alicujus cœlo or luminibus officere (Cf. , not simply alicui officere) ; alicujus luminibus obstruere : to stand in the light, alicui officere (properly to take away the light from anyone by placing one’s self before him ; hence, figuratively = to oppose one) ; alicui obesse, obstare (figuratively, to be in the way, to be a hindrance to any one, without the idea of hostility) : to stand in one’s own light (figuratively), sibi, or utilitati suæ,
or commodis suis male consulere ; sibi deesse : to place or set anything in a good or advantageous light, aliquid in bono lumine collocare (properly, e. g. , a painting ; tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine, Cicero ; opposed to tabulam in alieno lumine collocare, Cicero ; in a bad light) ; alicui rei lucem afferre ; rem commendare, laudare (figuratively, to represent on the favorable side) : to place or represent in an odious light, aliquem in invidiam adducere ; aliquem deformare : to set anything in a false light, aliquid fallaci judicio videre : to look at anything in the light, aliquid ad lucem spectare (properly, to hold against the light and look at) ; videre etiam atque etiam et considerare (figuratively to consider accurately) : if you look at it in the right light, si vis veram rationem exsequi (figuratively, Terentius, Hec. , 3, 1, 26). || In painting, as opposed to shade, lumen (opposed to umbra ; e. g. , in pictura lumen non alia res magis quam umbra commendat, Cicero) : to observe light and shade, lumen et umbras custodire : light and shade set off a picture, lumen et umbra commendant picturam. || That which is made or used for the purpose of giving light, lumen (general term) ; lucerna (especially of a lamp) ; candela (of wax or tallow) ; cereus (a wax taper) ; sebaceus (a tallow candle ; Appuleius, Met. 4, p. 151, 18, Elm. , or p. 281, Oud. ) : to look after a light, lumen quærere : to bring a light, lumen afferre : my light will go out, lucerna me deserit (e. g. , in writing ; Cicero, Att. , 7, 7, extr. ) : my light is going out, candela consumpta exstringitur : lights in the streets, pernoctantia urbis lumina (Ammianus, 14, 1).
LIGHT, adjective, opposed to dark, clarus (light, bright in itself) ; illustris (full of light) ; lucidus (that is full of light, and spreads light abroad) ; luminosus (to which the rays of light duly penetrate) ; albidus (somewhat white, of color) ; candidus (dazzling white).
LIGHT, adjective, opposed to heavy, grave, etc. || (A) properly, not heavy, levis (opposed to gravis) : a light burden, onus leve : light armor, armatura levis : a light weight, pondus leve (general term) ; pondus vulgari levius (lighter than usual). || (B) figuratively (1) not heavy, of substance or strength ; (a) in its component parts, levis : a light wine, vinum leve : light food, cibus levis (that gives slight nourishment) ; cibus facilis ad concoquendum (easy of digestion) : a light garment, vestis tenuis : a light soil, solum tenue : (b) Trifling, inconsiderable, levis (opposed to gravis) ; parvus (opposed to magnus) : to have a light complaint, leviter ægrotare : light pain, dolor levis, parvus : (2) That has nothing heavy on it ; (a) light-armed, levis armaturæ (Cf. , so also with Cæsar, who never, as Livy and later writers do, uses simply levis in this sense : the light cavalry, equites levis armaturæ [only in Livy and later writers, milites leves]) ; velites (as a division of the Roman army before the time of the republic, called rorarii : These troops were divided into jaculatores, javelin-men, sagittarii, archers, and funditores, slingers, to whom belonged the ferentarii, armed with round pebbles or leaden balls in the form of an acorn and furnished with a prickle, and the balistarii or tragularii, armed with the hand-balista : Cf. , milites expediti ; all soldiers when they have laid aside their baggage, whether light or heavy-armed ; hence Cæsar, B. G. , 7, 80, expediti levis armaturæ). (b) Lightly clothed, lightly loaded, expeditus (not encumbered by heavy baggage ; opposed to impeditus) ; nudus (that has put off the upper garments) : a light infantry man, pedes expeditus. Hence, (c) not unwieldy, or dull ; swift, fleet, velox (opposed to tardus) ; pernix (nimble. Cf. , Only poets use levis in this sense). A light walk, ingressus tener, tener ac mollis : a person is light of foot, inest in aliquo præcipua pedum pernicitas : to write a light hand, * manu veloci scribere : to paint with a light pencil, manu veloci pingere. (d) Not oppressed with cares, curis vacuus ; curis liber solutusque (e. g. , animus) : my heart becomes lighter, animum recipio : to make one’s heart lighter, aliquem ægritudine or curis levare. (e) Easy, that demands little pains or exertion, facilis (opposed to difficilis) ; solutus, expeditus (not perplexed opposed to impeditus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) facilis et expeditus ; solutus et expeditus ; solutus et facilis ; nullius negotii (opposed to magni negotii) : very light, perfacilis ; perexpeditus : it is a light thing, nihil est negotii ; id nihil habet negotii ; id facile effici potest. || Trifling, gay, playful, petulans (of persons or things : Cf. , procax and protervus, wanton, are too strong) ; levis (light-minded, of persons) ; parum verecundus (not modest ; also of things ; e. g. , verba) ; lascivus (full of play, especially in love : first in the Silver Age in a bad sense ; of persons and things) : light jokes, joca petulantia, jocorum petulantia : in a light manner, petulanter ; parum verecunde ; lascive : the young woman is somewhat too light in her conduct, ingenium liberius quam virginem decet (Livius). κυρικιμασαηικο
LIGHT, v. , collustrare (to impart its own light ; only properly) ; illustrare (to illumine, enlighten ; and figuratively, to set in the light) ; illuminare (to give light to a thing, especially figuratively, Cf. , None of these words were used by the ancients of enlightening the mind). The sun lights everything, sol cuncta luce sua illustrat : to be lighted by the sun, sole illustrem esse : to light a town, in urbe pernoctantia lumina accendere (of the ordinary lighting of the streets ; after Ammianus, 14, 1) : lumina suspendere funalibus ordine ductis (to make an illumination with lights hung in rows on ropes ; Claudian, De Nupt. Honor. et Mar. , 206) ; accensas lucernas in fenestris ponere (to make an illumination with lights in the windows of the houses, Schol. , Pers. , Sat. , 5, 180) : a tower is lighted by night, turris collucet per noctem crebris luminibus (Tacitus, Hist. , 3, 38, 1) : the field of Mars lighted by torches, collucentes per campum Martis faces (Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 4, 1) : to light up, i. e. , to kindle, accendere, incendere, succendere (properly and figuratively) ; inflammare (to set on fire).
LIGHT UPON, v. , || To fall upon by chance, offendere aliquem or aliquid, incidere in aliquem ; aliquem, or aliquid invenire, or reperire (to find). || To settle upon, insidere (e. g. , arbori).
LIGHTEN, v. , INTR. , fulgurare ; fulgere (properly and figuratively) ; micare, splendere (figuratively, to sparkle, glitter). The swords lightened, micantes fulsere gladii : he seemed not to speak, but to thunder and lighten, non loqui et orare sed fulgurare ac tonare videbatur : the eyes lighten, oculi scintillant.
LIGHTEN, v. , TRANS. , || To give light [vid. LIGHT, v. ]. || To make less heavy, levare alicui aliquid or aliquem re : figuratively, to lighten grief, etc. ; vid. ALLEVIATE.
LIGHTER, s. , actuaria (with or without navis) ; actuarium (sc. navigium) ; actuariolum.
LIGHT-FINGERED, Vid. THIEVISH.
LIGHT-FOOTED, levipes ; pernix ; celer.
LIGHT-HEADED, Vid. DELIRIOUS, GIDDY.
LIGHT-HEARTED, Vid. CHEERFUL, MERRY.
LIGHT-HOUSE, pharus (φάρος : cf. Suetonius, Calig. , 46 ; turris, ex qua, ut ex Pharo, noctibus ad regendos navium cursus ignes emicarent) : turris prælucendi navibus nocturna suggerens ministeria (Ammianus, 22, 16) is an affected expression.
LIGHTLY, || Not heavily, leviter (e. g. , cadere). || figuratively, Slightly, leviter (e. g. , lightly wounded) ; leviter saucius or vulneratus. To regard anything lightly, aliquid leve habere, aliquid in levi habere (to consider as trifling ; the latter is more distinct, and although only in Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 54, 4, and Hist. , 2, 21, 2, certainly classical) ; aliquid negligere (not to regard) : to esteem lightly, parvi ducere ; nihil curare. || Not clumsily or awkwardly, velociter. To dance lightly, membra molliter movere (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 9, 25).
LIGHTNESS, || In respect of weight, levitas. || In respect of motion, agility, levitas [vid. , also, AGILITY]. || In respect of conduct, etc. , levity, levitas ; vid. also, LEVITY, FICKLENESS.
LIGHTNING, fulgur (ἀστραπή, sheet-lightning ; for which we sometimes find fulgores, but never the singular, fulgor. Fulgur must be distinguished from fulgetrum or fulgetra = repeated flashes of lightning) : fulmen (κεραυνός, forked lightning ; a thunder-bolt ; for which we find also fulminis jactus or ictus ; hence, also, figuratively, i. q. , destructive power ; e. g. , fortunæ fulmen) : to hurl or cast forth lightning, fulmen emittere, jacere : to be struck with lightning , fulmine ici or percuti ; de cœlo tangi or percuti ; e cœlo ici : struck with lightning, fulmine ictus, etc. , fulminatus (also, figuratively, as if struck by lightning, Petronius, 80, 7) : to be set on fire by lightning , deflagrare ictu fulminis : to be killed by lightning, fulmine exanimari : the lightning struck in the towers, turres fulmine percussæ sunt : the lightning touched his litter, lecticam ejus fulgor præstrinxit : concerning lightning, fulguralis (e. g. , books, etc. ) : belonging to lightning, fulmineus (poetically) : as quick as lightning, celerrime ; cum maxima celeritate. || FIG. , of oratory, verborum fulmina
; oratio fulgurans ac tonans (after Quintilianus, 2, 16, 19).
LIGHTS, i. e. , lungs of animals, pulmo, also, plural, pulmones.
LIGHTSOME, Vid. LUMINOUS, GAY.
LIGNEOUS, ligneus ; lignosus, Plinius.
LIKE, adjective || Resembling, similis, consimilis, assimilis, opposed to dissimilis (with the genitive and dative, whether of internal or external resemblance ; but with reference to internal resemblance, the genitive is most common ; vid. Zumpt, § 411) : geminus (extremely like, quite a match). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) similis et geminus : more like, propior (that comes nearer) : very like, proximus (e. g. , Deo proximus) ; exactly like, geminus et simillimus (in a thing, aliqua re) ; simillimus et maxime geminus : not like [vid. UNLIKE] : to be like, similem esse (with a genitive or dative ; vid. above) ; ad similitudinem alicujus rei accedere (to come near ; of things ; for which we find, also, prope, propius (nearer), and proxime (nearest) accedere ad aliquid (generally) ; facie alicujus similem esse, os vultumque alicujus referre (in features, etc. ) ; mores alicujus referre (in character) : to make or render like, ad similitudinem rei fingere, effingere aliquid ; assimilare aliquid in speciem alicujus rei (Tacitus, Germ. , 9, 4) : to become like a person in any respect, ex aliqua re similitudinem speciemque alicujus gerere : he looks very like his father, mira similitudine totum patrem exscripsit : as like as two peas, non ovum tam simile ovo, quam hic illi est (vid. Quintilianus, 5, 11, 30) ; or, ex puteo similior nunquam potest aqua aquæ sumi, quam hic est atque iste (Plautus, Mil. , 2, 6, 70) ; or, neque aqua aquæ, lac est lacti usquam similius, quam hic illius est, illeque hujus (Plautus, Men. , 5, 9, 30) : he is no longer like himself, prorsus alius factus est ac fuit antea : that is like him, hoc dignum est illo, non abhorret ab ejus ingenio, non alienum est ab ejus moribus. || Equal [vid. EQUAL]. || Likely, vid. LIKELY.
LIKE, s. , par : to give like for like, par pari referre ; reddere, referre ; exsolvere vicem or vices : one who has not his like, cui nullum invenias parem ; (vir) incomparabilis (Plinius).
LIKE, adverb, || In the same manner as, ut : sicut : velut [SYN. in AS]. To behave like a man, se virum præbere : virum inter viros esse (Cicero) : to quit themselves like men, strenue pugnare : to bear pain like a man, dolorem ferre, ut vir (like a brave man). || Probably, vid. In “he was like to have been (drowned, ” etc. ), which Middleton uses without hesitation, turn it by “he was nearly, ” etc. Vid. NEARLY.
LIKE, v. , || TRANS. , Have a liking for, amare : diligere : amplecti [vid. FOND]. ||INTR. , libet or collibet alicui (one has a desire or inclination) : placet alicui (it pleases, one finds it good) : juvat aliquem (it delights ; all sometimes followed by an infinitive, placet also by ut) : I liked it, mihi libitum, or collibitum, or placitum est : as much as one likes, quantum juvat, libet, libuerit, collibuerit : to do as anyone likes, animo suo morem gerere : if you (I, he, etc. ) likes, si placet, libet, commodum est ; quum, or quando, or dum commodum est : as you like, ut placet, libet, commodum est : if you like, quod commodo tuo fiat ; nisi tibi molestum est : we may believe it or not, as we like, quam vera (res) sit, communis existimatio est (Livius).
LIKELIHOOD, s. , verisimilitudo ; similitudo veri ; probabilitas : in all likelihood, probabiliter (verisimiliter, Appuleius).
LIKELY, verisimilis ; veri, or (more rarely) vero, similis ; probabilis. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) veri similis et probabilis.
LIKE-MINDED, concors (of one and the same disposition and manner of thinking ; unanimous : Cf. , in prose, only in Livius, 7, 21) : consentiens (according in judgement and views) : to be like-minded, concordare ; consentire inter se (of several) : to be like-minded with anybody, consentire cum aliquo (opposed to dissentire or dissidere cum aliquo).
LIKEN, aliquid alicui rei assimilare, or comparare.
LIKENESS, || Resemblance, similitudo : convenientia, congruentia (so far as the likeness depends on a due proportion of parts, Plinius, Ep. , 2, 5, 11) : analogia (likeness of words and ideas, translated in Cicero, De Univ. , 4, by proportio ; cf. Quintilianus, 1, 6, 3) : congruentia morum (agreement in manners, in character ; Suetonius, Oth. , 2).
Likeness in name, nominis vicinitas (Plinius, 21, 18, 69) : to bear a likeness to anybody or anything, similitudinem habere cum aliquo (aliqua re) ; similitudo mihi est cum aliquo : they bear a mutual likeness, est similitudo inter aliquos. || Image, that which resembles, imago, effigies, simulacrum [SYN. in IMAGE, properly] ; vera imago or effigies (a true likeness). My likeness, mei similis species : to take a likeness of anybody, effingere oris lineamenta : to take a striking likeness, veram alicujus imaginem reddere : she called him the exact likeness of his father, veram paterni oris effigiem appellabat : the daughter was, in character and appearance, the exact likeness of her father, filia non minus mores ejus, quam os vultumque referebat, totumque patrem mira similitudine exscripserat.
LIKEWISE, item, itidem (where the same property is attributed to different subjects = even so) : idem, et (where different properties are attributed to one subject or object). Cæsar drew up his troops in order of battle ; the enemy likewise ; Cæsar aciem instruxit ; hostes item : Cæsar drew up the troops in order of battle ; he likewise commanded, Cæsar aciem instruxit ; idem jussit ; or (Cæsar) aciem instruxit et jussit. Vid. more under ALSO.
LIKING, libido (without rational consideration) : arbitrium (judgement) : voluntas (wish, will). According to liking, ad libidinem ; ex libidine ; ut libido fert ; ut libet : after my liking, ad arbitrium nostrum libidinemque ; meo arbitratu : to do anything out of mere liking, libidinose aliquid facere : to find a liking (pleasure) in anything, libidinem habere in re (Sallustius, Cat. , 7, 4) : to leave a thing to anyone’s liking, alicui or alicujus arbitrio permittere aliquid.
LILAC (a plant), syringa vulgaris (Linnæus).
LILIACEOUS (liliaceus, Pallad. ) ; liliorum, genitive plural.
LILY, lilium. The blue lily, iris, irĭdis (Linnæus) : the white lily, lilium album ; lilium candidum : the red lily, lilium purpureum, rubens : a bed of lilies, lilie̅tum : white as a lily, candidus.
LIMB, membrum : pars corporis (any part of the body) : artus (properly, a joint, or a single part of a large member ; hence, any member joined to the trunk ; i. e. , strictly speaking, a limb. Cf. , The singular is not found in good prose ; it occurs first in the later poets of the Silver Age ; plural, artus, the limbs). I tremble in every limb, omnibus artubus contremisco (Cicero) : a limb of the law, homo forensis (Cicero).
LIMBECK, * alembicum.
LIMBER, flexilis ; flexibilis ; lentus.
LIMBO, limbus patrum (ecclesiastical). Vid. PRISON.
LIME, s. , (a kind of earth) calx : Quicklime, calx viva : slaked lime, calx exstincta or macerata : to slake lime, calcem exstinguere or macerare : to mix lime, calcem temperare : to burn lime, calcem coquere.
LIME, s. , (a viscous substance) viscus : viscum.
LIME, s. , (a tree) tilia. Of the wood of the lime-tree, tiliagineus (Columella) ; tiliaceus (Capitolini) : tiliaris (Cœlius, Aur. ).
LIME, v. (to smear with bird-lime), visco oblinere or inungere. A limed twig, virga viscata (Varro, R. R. , 3, 7, 7 ; Ovidius, Met. , 15, 474) ; calamus aucupatorius (Mart. 14, 218, title) : to set limed twigs, virgis viscatis, or calamis fallere volucres or alites. LIME-BURNER, calcarius (Cato).
LIME-KILN, fornax calcaria ; or simply calcaria.
LIMESTONE, lapis calcarius ; gleba calcis (a piece of lime).
LIMIT, s. , finis (boundary as a circumscribing line, τέλος) : terminus (stone set up to mark a boundary, τέρμα) : limes (ridge, to mark a boundary, ὅρος) : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) fines et termini ; fines et quasi termini (never in the reversed order) : confinium (common boundary of two properties, etc. ) : modus (degree, limit not to be exceeded ; figuratively) : cancelli (barrier ; figuratively, limit not to be exceeded). To place limits, terminare (properly and figuratively) : limitare (properly) : terminis or cancellis circumscriliere (figuratively) : fines terminare or constituere ; to anything, terminos, or modum, ponere alicui rei (properly and figuratively). To mark out the limits of anything, finire or (accurately) definire aliquid (properly and improperly) : to establish, fix, etc. , the limits of anything, finem facere alicujus rei or alicui rei ; finem imponere alicui rei : to propose to one’s self certain limits, certos fines terminosque sibi constituere : to exceed limits, fines transire (properly and figuratively) : extra, fines or cancellos egredi ; modum excedere (figuratively) : to keep within the limits of modesty, fines verecundiæ non transire : to keep anybody within limits, coercere, continere, or constringere aliquem : to be confined within limits of one’s own, and those narrow enough, suis finibus, exiguis sane, contineri : to burst through
the limits and restraints of shame, repagula pudoris et officia perfringere (Cicero).
LIMIT, v. , terminare ; terminis (or cancellis) circumscribere, finire, definire ; terminis circumscribere et definire ; also, simply, circumscribere (as it were, to surround with limits or boundaries) : finire, definire, includere finibus (to keep within certain limits) : coercere (to keep within bounds, to hold in) ; circumcidere (to make less, diminish ; e. g. , sumtus impensam funeri). To limit magistrates, magistratus finire : to limit anything within its bounds, aliquid intra terminos coercere : to be limited to one’s narrow bounds, suis finibus exiguis contineri : to limit a thing within a narrow circle, in exiguum angustumque concludere (e. g. , friendship ; Cicero, Off. , 1, 17, 53, Beier) : to limit a speaker, oratorem in exiguum gyrum compellere (Cicero, De Or. , 3, 19, 70) ; oratorem finire or in angustias compellere (opposed to oratio exsultare potest) : to be limited to the duties of a school, * intra muneris scholastici angustias coactum esse : to be limited by shortness of time, temporis angustiis includi : to limit one’s self, certos fines terminosque constituere sibi, extra quos egredi non possis : to limit one’s self to anything, se continere re or in re (of things and persons) : to be limited, ceterarum rerum cancellis circumscriptum esse.
LIMITATION, limitatio (Columella, Vitruvius) : circumscriptio (Cicero). Cf. , Use the verb, or the substantive LIMIT.
LIMITED, participial adjective, circumcisus (cut short) : brevis (short). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) circumcisus et brevis : tenuis (weak ; e. g. , animus, ingenium) : imbecillus (post-Augustan, imbecillis, naturally weak in mind) : tardus (slow) : hebes (dull ; e. g. , ingenium). A limited time, temporis angustiæ : what is so limited, so short, as the longest life of man? quid tam circumcisum, tam breve, quam hominis vita longissima? (Plinius, Ep. , 3, 7, 11. )
LIMNER, Vid. PAINTER.
LIMP, adjective, flexibilis : lentus : mollis.
LIMP, v. , claudicare (Cicero, properly) : claudere (Cicero, figuratively, Apparently, claudere, Cicero ; -ere, Sallustius, Gellius).
LIMPID, liquidus : limpidus (in poetry and later prose) : lucidus (post-Augustan) ; amnis (Quintilianus) : [splendidus (Horatius), perlucidus (Ovidius) belong to poetry. ]
LIMPIDNESS, limpitudo (irregularly formed from limpidus ; Plinius). Cf. , Use the adjective.
LIMY, viscosus (properly, Prudentius ; figuratively Pallad. ) ; glutinosus (Columella).
LINCH-PIN, * axis (or rotæ) fibula. LINDEN-TREE, tilia.
LINE, s. , || Extension in length, linea (general term) ; lineamentum (as supposed extension ; also as a stroke made, Petronius, 79, 4 ; but no where in Cicero, who uses it always in the sense of a geometrical line, or a lineament of the countenance). A broad line, limes (a stripe, as Plinius, 37, 10, 69 ; nigram materiam [gemmæ Veientanæ] distinguit limes albus, a broad white line : a straight line, linea recta : a curved line, linea curva : a parallel line, parallelos linea (Vitruvius, 5, 6) ; in or after a line, ad lineam : to draw a line, lineam ducere ; with anything, aliqua re or ex aliqua re (e. g. , with a color, colore or ex colore ; atramento or ex atramento) : to divide anything by a line, aliquid dividere linea : Hence, (a) a line in the face or in the hands, incisura (Cf. , lineamenta [in later writers, lineæ] oris, not = lines on the face, but the characteristic features or lineaments). (b) In astronomy, the equator, æquinoctialis circulus (Varro, L. L. , 9, 18, § 24, Muell. Cf. , Æquator is not Latin). To cross the line, * in regiones trans circulum æquinoctialem sitas venire. (c) A boundary, generally, finis : regio (district). || Generally, direction, linea : ordo (order, succession) : in a straight line, linea recta ; ad lineam (perpendicularly, upward or downward) ; recto itinere, recta via (in a straight direction of the road) : recto ordine (in a straight row) : æqua fronte (with a straight front, of soldiers, ships ; e. g. , procedere) : in a straight line with anything, recta alicujus rei regione (directly over against, as Cæsar, B. G. , 6, 24 ; whereas e regione alicujus rei or exadversum aliquid is = over against, generally). Hence, that which forms a line, row : (a) Verse, line in a book, versus (in poetry ; Cf. , not linea. nec ab extrema parte versuum abundantes literas in alterum transfert, sed ibidem statim subjicit circumducitque, when the lines are too long ; Suetonius, Oct. , p. 263). To write a few lines to anybody, aliquid literarum ad aliquem dare : he has not written a single line, ne verbum quidem scripsit : line by line (in poetry), per singulos versus : to show in a few lines, paucis exponere : (b) (in military language), ordo (a single line of soldiers) : acies (troops in battle array). The first, second, third line in battle, acies prima, media, extrema : in line, ordinatim ; e. g. , ire (opposed to passim ire ; vid. Brut. in Cicero, Ep. , 11, 13, 2) : in close and covered line, munito agmine ; e. g. , incedere (Sallustius, Jug. , 46, 3) : to place themselves in line, ordinatim consistere (of the soldiers forming themselves ; vid. Nepos, Iphic. , 2, 2) : to step out of the line, ordine egredi (of one or more) : ordines deserere or relinquere (of several) : to draw up the line, copias ordinare (general term) : ordines or aciem instruere (for battle) : a soldier of the line, miles legionarius (general term, a legionary soldier) : miles gravis armaturæ (a heavy-armed soldier) : troops of the line, legiones (the legions) : milites gravis armaturæ ; gravis armatura (heavy-armed soldiers) : milites aciei destinati (troops appointed for the line of battle ; all as opposed to light troops and to cavalry) : ship of the line, * navis aciei destinata. (c) In pedigrees, linea (vid. Paullus, Digests, 38, 10, 9, στέμματα cognationum directo limine in duas lineas separantur, quarum altera est superior [the ascending], altera inferior [the descending] : ex superiore autem, et secundo gradu transversæ lineæ [the collateral lines] pendent) : By the paternal, maternal line, a patre ; amatre ; paterno, materno genere ; ex paterna linea, ex materna linea (e. g. , venire, Code Justinian, 5, 9, 10) : from them sprang two lines of Octavii, ab iis duplex Octaviorum familia defluxit : to be related in a direct line to anyone, linea directs contingere alicujus domum (after Suetonius, Galb. , 2) ; arctissimo gradu contingere aliquem (e. g. , on the maternal side, a matre ; Suetonius, Oct. , 4) : per arctissimos gradus ad aliquem primam sui originem perducere (in a direct line ; vid. Seneca, De Ben. , 3, 28, 2). (d) In fortification or sieges, opus (general term, ramparts and trenches) : fossa, (a trench). A line of circumvallation [vid. CIRCUMVALLATION] : to draw a line round a place, circummunire aliquid opere or operibus ; aliquid circumdare fossa : to occupy the whole line with troops, * per totum opus milites disponere. || A string, cord, linea, linum.
LINE, v. , interiorem alicujus rei partem vestire (aliqua re, with anything ; vid. Cicero, Verr. , 4, 55, 120) : * munire intus aliqua re.
LINEAGE, linea. Vid. ANCESTRY.
LINEAL, ex linea (paterna, materna) : to be a lineal descendant, linea directa contingere alicujus domum. vid. LINE.
LINEAMENT, lineamentum oris (a single feature in the face ; ductus oris, Cicero, De Fin. , 5, 17, 47, denotes the lineaments about the mouth ; opposed to vultus ; i. e. , the other features of the face). The lineaments of the face, os, vultus ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) os vultusque or os et vultus (face and countenance). The mother and son had similar lineaments, lineamentorum qualitas matri ac filio similis.
LINEAR, linearis (Plinius, Quintilianus).
LINEN, s. , linteum. Pieces of linen, or linen clothes, lintea, -orum : dressed in linen, linteatus : of linen, linteus ; lineus linen yarn, linum netum (Ulpianus, Digests, 32, 70, § 11) : linen manufacture, ars lintearia (as an art, inscriptions Grut. , p. 649, n. 4) : the linen trade, * negotium lintearium (after Aurelius, Vict. , De Vir. , Ill. , 72) : negotiatio lintearia (Ulpianus, Digests, 14, 4, 5, § 15).
LINEN, adjective, linteus ; lineus.
LINEN-DRAPER, * negotium lintearium exercens. To be a linen-draper, * negotium lintearium exercere ; * lintea vendere or venditare : a linen-drapers shop, * taberna in qua panni ad ulnam venduntur.
LINEND-RAPERY, lintea, -orum, plural.
LINEN-MANUFACTURER, lintearius (Ulpianus, Digests, 14, 3, 5, § 4 ; Code Theodosius, 10, 20, 16) : linteo (Plautus, Aul 3, 5, 58 ; inscriptions Grut. , p. 38, n. 15).
LINGER cunctari ; cessare ; morari ; moram facere ; tardare.
LINGERER, cunctator ; cessator.
LINGERING, adjective, cunctans ; cunctabundus ; cessans. A lingering disease, morbus longus.
LINGERING, s. , cunctatio ; cessatio ; mora.
LINGUIST, multas linguas intelligens (after Cicero, Tusc. , 5, 40, 116) : grammaticus (or Latin literatus ; vid. Suetonius, Gramm. , 4) : (Græcis et Latinis) literis docte eruditus. [Cf. , Linguæ alicujus sciens denotes one who is able to speak a language, although not critically acquainted with it ;vid.
Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 13, 2. ] To be a good linguist, multas linguas intelligere (after Cicero, Tusc. , 5, 40, 116).
LINIMENT, unguentum (ointment) ; fomentum (soothing application).
LINING, * pannus subsutus. κυρικιμασαηικο
LINK, s. , || A single ring or division of a chain, annulus. || Figuratively, band, bond, vinculum ; vinclum. || A torch. Vid. TORCH.
LINK TOGETHER, v. , nectere ; connectere : virtutes inter se jugatæ sunt (Cicero, are linked together).
LINNET, * fringilla cannabina (Linnæus).
LINSEED, semen lini.
LINSEY-WOOLSEY, * pannus crassior ex lana linoque confectus.
LINSTOCK, * virga incendiaria.
LINT, linamentum ; linteola carpta, -orum, plural.
LINTEL, limen superum, or superius (Cf. , not superliminare ; vid. Gronov. , Plin. , 29, 4, 26) ; supercilium itineris, or simply supercilium (Vitruvius 5, 6, 5 ; 4, 6, 2).
LION, leo (animal, or sign in zodiac) : Of or relating to a lion, leoninus : to be like a lion, specie leonina esse : a lion’s den, cavum leoninum : a lion’s skin, pellis leonis or leonina : a lion-heart, summa animi fortitudo : lion’s mouth, rictus leonis (†) ; (a plant) * antirrhinum (Linnæus) : a young lion, catulus leænæ ; scymni leonum (young lions ; Lucretius) : lion’s tooth (a plant), * leontodon taraxacum (Linnæus) : lion’s paw (a plant) leontice (Linnæus) : lion’s foot (a plant), catananche (Linnæus) : lion’s tail (a plant), phlomis leonurus (Linnæus).
LIONESS, leæna (lea, poetical) : leo femina (Plautus, in Fragm. ap. Philarg. ad V. Ecl. , 2, 63).
LIONIZE (in very familiar conversation, to take round to see sights), ducere aliquem ad ea quæ visenda sunt, et unumquidque ostendere (Cicero, Verr. , 4, 59, 132).
LIP, labrum ; labium. (Cf. , The former is the more usual and the better word ; the latter is inferior, and not found in the prose of the golden period : Cf. , labium, in the singular, is found in Seren. , ap. Non. ; the plural, occurs in Plautus and Terence). The upper – under lip, labrum superius – inferius : chapped lips, fissura labrorum : that has large lips, labrosus (Celsus) : labiosus (Lucretius) : labeo (Plinius : not found in the best writers) : to touch anything with the lips, labra admovere alicui rei (poetical) : chaps on the lips, labrorum fissura (singular) : the name is on my lips, nomen mihi versatur in primoribus labris (Plautus, Trin. , 4, 2, 65) : to be on the lips, intra labra atque dentes latere (ib. , v. 80) : thick lips, labra turgida (Mart. ) : to put to the lips, rei labra admovere ; figuratively, primis, or primoribus, labris gustare or attingere (i. e. , to take a slight taste of).
LIP-SALVE, * adipes, qui fissis labris medentur : * unguentum labris molliendis factum.
LIQUEFY, || TRANS. , liquefacere. || INTRANS. , liquefieri ; liquescere. Vid. MELT.
LIQUID, adjective, liquidus ; fluidus.
LIQUID, s. , liquor.
LIQUIDATE, solvere. Vid. PAY.
LIQUOR, liquor.
LISP, v. , alicui est os blæsum (Mart. , 10, 65, 10) ; alicui est lingua blæsa (after Ovidius, A. A. , 3, 294) : one who lisp blæsus.
LISP,
LISPING, s. , sonus blæsus. An affected lisp, (of an orator, etc. ), deliciæ circa S literam (Quintilianus, 1, 2, 5).
LISPING, adjective, blæsus.
LIST, s. , || Roll, catalogue, index (Cf. , not catalogus, late) : numeri (list of soldiers). To put one’s name on a list, alicujus nomen in indicem, in numeros, referre : to be upon a list, in indicem, in numeros, relatum esse ; in numeris esse : to prepare lists of the soldiers, milites in numeros distribuere : to have a list of anything, aliquid descriptum habere : the civil list, * domestici sumtus principis : list of subscribers, * index eorum qui emtores se professi sint. || A border, bound, finis, terminus. || Inclosed ground for combats, etc. , campus, curriculum, or hippodrŏmus (race-ground). || A strip of cloth, limbus.
LIST, v. , || To desire, vid. DESIRE.
LISTEN, || To hearken, subauscultare aliquid ; sermonem alicujus captare, aucupare, or sublegere (comedy) : to listen at the door to a conversation, aure foribus admota sermonem captare (Terentius, Phorm. , 5, 6, 27, sqq. ) : he listened to all I said, subauscultando excepit voces meas et procul quid narrarem attendit (Cicero, Or. , 2, 36, 153) : Cf. , excipere sermonem alicujus does not mean “to listen, ” but “to catch up anyone’s words. ” See whether anyone is listening, circumspice, num quis est, qui sermonem nostrum aucupet, or ne quis nostro hinc sermoni auceps sit (comedy). || To give attention, vid. ATTEND.
LISTENER, qui alicujus sermoni auceps est.
LISTLESS, || Thoughtless, careless, socors, incuriosus, negligens. [Vid. CARELESS]. || Slow, sluggish, piger, segnis.
LISTLESSLY, || Carelessly, incuriose, negligenter, indiligenter. || Slowly, sluggishly, pigre, segniter, (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pigre ac segniter : to go listlessly about anything, invitum, or ægre ad aliquid accedere, or aliquid suscipere.
LISTLESSNESS, || Carelessness [vid. CARELESSNESS]. || Slowness, sluggishness, pigritia, segnitia.
LITANY, litania (ecclesiastical).
LITERAL, ad verbum, ad literam : the literal meaning of a word, proprius verbi sensus ; propria verbi significatio : to give a literal translation, i. e. , to translate literally. vid. the next word.
LITERALLY, ad verbum, ad literam : to translate literally, verbum de or e verbo exprimere ; verbum pro verbo reddere ; ad verbum exprimere (e. g. , de Græcis, Cicero)
LITERARY, literatus ; or, by the genitive, literarum ; e. g. , literarum monumenta : a literary journal, * commentarii literarii.
LITERATURE, literæ ; literarum monumenta (including literary documents) ; literarum cognitio et ratio (knowledge of history and antiquities, also philologia) :
Latin literature, literæ Latinæ ; monumenta Latina : skilled in Latin and Greek literature, literis Latinis et Græcis ductus : to promote the interests of literature, literarum studia illustrare et excitare (after Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 3, 5) : polite or elegant literature, humanitatis studia (Cicero ; but Cf. , not literæ humaniores).
LITHARGE, lithargyrum (Plinius) : molybdltis (Plinius).
LITHE, flexilis, flexibilis, lentus.
LITHENESS (flexibilitas, Solin. ; lentitia, Plinius) : use the adjectives.
LITHOGRAPH, * lithographicus.
LITHOGRAPHER, * lithographus.
LITHOGRAPHY, * lithographia ; * ars lithographica.
LITIGANT, s. , litigator (Quintilianus).
LITIGANT, adjective, litigans : the parties litigant, litigantes.
LITIGATE, || INTR. , cum aliquo litigare, or lites habere ; inter se litigare de aliqua re (of several parties) ; in causis litigare (as a profession or habit). || TRANS. , causam agere (to carry on), or dicere (to plead).
LITIGIOUS, litigiosus ; cupidus litium (fond of going to law) ; certandi, or concertationis, cupidus ; cupidus rixæ ; ad rixam promptus (quarrelsome).
LITTER, s. , || A kind of sedan bed, lecti̅ca ; sella gestatoria (in the lectica the person was recumbent, in the sella gestatoria more in a sitting posture). || Straw laid under animals for a bed, etc. , stramentum (stramen, or substramen, poetical). || Straw for a covering, stramentum : Cf. , storea or storia, is a covering of plaited straw, a mat. || Young produced at a birth, fetus, fetura, suboles, progenies. || Things in confusion, turbæ, tricæ : to make a litter, omnia miscere, turbare, or miscere ac turbare.
LITTER, v. , || To spread straw as a bed for cattle, (stramentum) pecori substernere (Plinius). || To cover with things negligently, miscere ac turbare. || (Of animals) to bring forth young, fetus procreare ; fetum fundere, edere (Cicero). LITTLE, adjective, parvus (not large or great ; also, not grown up ; figuratively, mean, trifling; opposed to magnus) : less, minor ; least, minimus (which must be used when the least of two or more is meant ; e. g. , Little Asia, Asia Minor) : paullus, paullulus (in respect of space and time, and of number, value; opposed to magnus or multus ; rarely said of little persons or animals, as Livius, 35, 11, 7, equi hominesque paulluli gracilesque : paullum and paullulum are more frequently used substantively with a genitive ; e. g. , paullum lucri ; paullum operæ ; paullulum moræ) : pusillus (very little, diminutive, stunted in growth ; figuratively, frivolous e. g. , animus) : minutus (scarcely of perceptible size ; figuratively, frivolous ; e. g. , animus, interrogatiunculæ) : brevis (short, of small extent ; of time and space; opposed to longus) : exiguus (small, of number, quantity, and time) : humilis (low of stature ; of men, animals, and plants ; also, figuratively, low, mean) : humilis staturæ, humili staturâ (short of stature ; of men and animals) : angustus (narrow; opposed to latus ; also, figuratively, narrow-minded) : parvulus, infans (not grown up ; vid. YOUNG). The Latins frequently express the idea of littleness by a diminutive ; e. g. littlemoney, nummuli : a little book or writing, libellus : a little present,
munusculum : a little child, infantulus, etc. It may sometimes be rendered by circumlocution with aliquid and a genitive ; e. g. , a little pride, aliquid superbiæ : the little finger, digitus minimus : too little, curtus (cut short) : very little, perparvulus ; valde pusillus ; perpusillus ; perexiguus : how little, quantus, quantillus (in nature ; of size) ; quotus (in number) : so little, tantus, tantillus : a little, paullo, paullulum : a little man, homo brevis staturâ, homo brevi staturâ (short of stature) ; homo corpore parvo, homo paullulus (small in body) ; homo staturâ humili et corpore exiguo (of stature and size) ; homo pusillus (dwarfish, stunted. : Cf. , not homo parvus) : to be little (of stature), brevem habere staturam ; brevi esse statura : a little boy, puer infans : the little Romulus, infans Romulus : tittle ones (children), parvi ; liberi (in respect of the parents) : the uri are somewhat iess than elephants, uri sunt magnitudine paullo infra elephantos : to cut into little bits, minute or minutim concidere : to break into little pieces, comminuere aliquid : a little time, tempus parvum, breve or exiguum : for a little time, parumper, paullisper : a little after, brevi, paullo post : a little number, parvus or exiguus numerus ; of anything, alicujus rei : the little number (which one has with him, etc. ), paucitas (e. g. , militum) : a little sum of money, parva pecunia ; paullula pecunia (Plautus) ; paullulum pecuniæ : a little gain, parvum commodum ; paullum lucri ; lucellum : a little disagreement, parva dissensio : there is a little difference, parvulum differt : these things are little, hæc parva sunt : from the least to the greatest, minima maxima : the greatest and the least (i. e. , the highest and the lowest), summi et infimi : a little mind, animus parvus, pusillus, minutus, angustus, or (The words are found in this connection and order. ) angustus et parvus [vid. LITTLE-MINDED] : that betrays a little mind, illud pusilli animi est : nothing so much betrays a little mind, as, etc. , nihil est tam angusti animi, tam parvi, quam, etc. LITTLE, s. , non multum ; nonnihil ; aliquantulum a little money, aliquantulum nummorum : by little and little, sensim ; sensim ac pedetentim, Vid. DEGREE.
LITTLE, adverb, paulum ; paululum ; nonnihil ; aliquantulum.
LITTLE-MINDED, parvi or pusilli animi ; angusti animi et parvi ; angusti pectoris ; pusilli animi et contracti.
LITTLENESS, parvitas ; exiguitas.
LITURGY. || A set of prayers and supplications, * liturgia. || A book containing such a form of prayers, etc. , * liber liturgicus or ritualis.
LIVE,
LIVING, adjective, properly, vivus, vivens (opposed to mortuus : vivus, when mere existence is to be expressed ; vivens, of a way and manner of existence) : spirans (that breathes) : salvus (safe) : animatus, animalis, animal (endued with life; opposed to inanimis) : nothing living, nullum animal : a living model, exemplum animale (Cicero, De Invent. , 2, 1, 2) : Cato, a living image of virtue, Cato virtutum viva imago : a living language, * lingua, qua etiam nunc utuntur homines ; also, perhaps, * lingua viva : to find anybody still living, aliquem vivum reperire (still among the living) ; aliquem adhuc spirantem reperire (still breathing, not yet quite dead). To deliver a person living, or dead into anybody’s hands, aliquem aut vivum aut mortuum in alicujus potestatem dare.
LIVE, v. , || To have life, continue in life, vivere (general term) : esse (to be, exist, εί̅ναι : vid. Herzog, Sallustius, Cat. , 18, 4) : in vita esse (to be alive) : spirare (to breathe ; hence of statues, etc. , which seem to breathe) : vigere (to have a living appearance, of plants). Cicero, and others, in the higher style, and for the sake of emphasis, used also sometimes the figurative, lucem aspicere, intueri, vivere et anima frui (opposed to hac luce carere) : still to live, adhuc vivere, in vivis esse (to be still alive) : superesse, superstitem esse (to be not yet dead) : to let anyone live, vitæ alicujus parcere, consulere (to spare his life) : alicui lucis usuram dare (to allow to live) : not to let one live an hour longer, unius horæ usuram alicui ad vivendum non dare : we ought to live for others as well as ourselves, non nobis solum nati sumus : not to be able to live without anything, aliqua re carere non posse ; without anybody, sine aliquo vivere non posse (e. g. , unum diem) : to be living too long for anybody, mea Jonginquitas ætatis alicui obest (Terentianus) : to have lived long enough, satis vixisse ; vitæ satisfecisse : if he had lived longer, si vita longior suppetisset, si vita data esset longior : the bravest man that ever lived, unus post homines natos fortissimus vir : as long as I live, per omnem vitam ; me vivo ; dum vivo ; dum spiro ; dum vivam ; dum spirare potero ; dum vita suppetit, quoad vitæ suppeditat ; quoad vivo : if I live, si vita suppetet ; si vita mihi contigerit (Planc. , in Cicero, Ep. , 10, 24, 3) : as true as I live, ita vivam : to live to see, videre (e. g. , a day, fortune, etc. ) : to live to see one’s sixtieth year, pervenire ad annum sexagesimum ; ad annum sexagesimum ducere spiritum : I wish I might live to see those times, opto, ut possim ad id tempus reipublicæ spiritum ducere : I hope to live to see something, spero aliquid me vivo futurum esse : I have lived to see the times, incidit ætas mea in ea tempora. ||Tu spend or pass one’s life ; (a) in respect of the way or manner, for what, whence, or where one lives, vivere : to live with anybody, vivere cum aliquo (i. e. , in habits of intimacy with him) : to live upon anything ; e. g. , in tenui pecunia vivere : tantum habere quantum satis ad usus necessarios (to have enough to live upon) : to live an abstemious life (for the sake of one’s health), valetudinem suam curare (general term) ; continentem esse in victu cultuque corporis tuendi causa. (after Cicero, Off. , 2, 24, 86) : to live to or for a thing, alicui rei se dedisse, alicui rei deditum esse (e. g. , literis, voluptatibus) ; alicui rei operam dare, studere (to bestow pains ; e. g. , literis : Cf. , vacare alicui rei in this sense is quite unclassical) : to live entirely in a thing, vivere in aliqua re (e. g. , literis) ; totum esse in aliqua re (vid. Schmid. , Hor. , Ep. , 1, 1, 11) : to live in hope, spem habere ; in spe esse : to live for or to one’s self, secum, ut dicitur, vivere, se frui (to enjoy one’s life) : suum negotium gerere (to live without care of other person’s business) : otiari, vitam in otio degere (to spend one’s life in ease) : to live from, by, or upon anything, vivere (de) aliqua re (general term) : vesci aliqua re (to have anything for one’s food) : ali aliqua re (to support one’s self on anything) : vitam sustentare aliqua re (by any trade or business ; e. g. , corollas venditando) ; victum quærere or quæritare aliqua re (to seek a livelihood by anything ; e. g. , lana ac tela, Terentius, Andr. , 1, 1, 48) : to live poorly upon anything, vitam tolerare aliqua re (of food or of business ; vid. Herzog, Cæsar, B. G. 7, 77 extr. ; Ruhnken, Terentius, Ad. , 5, 3, 23) : to live on charity, aliena misericordia vivere : to have enough to live upon, rem habere (vid. Cicero, Off. , 2, 21, 73) ; habeo unde vivam, utar : to live well, laute vivere (in affluence and comfort) : luxuriose vivere (in luxury) : to live poorly, parce ac duriter vivere ; vitam inopem tolerare : to live near, accolere alicui loco, or locum : to live in a place, vivere (in) aliquo loco ; esse, versari (in) aliquo loco : to live a long time in a place, commorare in aliquo loco : to live under the same roof with anyone, sub uno tecto esse : to live in society, in circulis esse, versari ; in hominum celebritate versari : to live at court, * in regia or in aula esse ; * inter aulicos versari : (b) of the state in which one lives, vivere (with an adverb or other definitive word ; vitam agere, degere, with an adjective, with vitam : Cf. , rarely vitam vivere : ætatem agere or gerere is not classical) : to live happily, feliciter, beate vivere ; vitam agere felicem : to live miserably, misere vivere : to live in want, in egestate vitam degere : to live in peace, sine injuria et in pace vivere : to live from hand to mouth, in diem vivere (i. e. , without thinking of to-morrow). LIVELIHOOD, victus ; victus quotidianus ; res ad vitam necessariæ : to seek one’s livelihood; victum quærere, quæritare : to earn one’s livelihood, parare ea quæ ad victum suppeditant. Vid. more under BREAD.
LIVELINESS, vigor (freshness, of body and mind) : alacritas (sprightliness) : liveliness of speech or style, vis (power) : gravitas, vehementia (emphasis).
LIVELONG, totus.
LIVELY, vegetus (enjoying life, gay) : vividus (full of energy) : vigens (rigorous in body or mind) : alacer (quick, brisk, merry) : acer (full of fire) : recens (fresh) : celeber (of places, frequented ; opposed to desertus) : a lively motion, motus vigens : a lively color, color vigens, acris ; color ardens, ardentissimus : a lively countenance, os et vultus alacrior : a lively speech, oratio fervidior : a lively speaker, orator agens, calens in dicendo (that has a lively style or manner) : orator concitatus (impassioned) : a lively delivery, actio paullo agitatior ; actio ardentior : to have a lively delivery, acerrimum esse in agendo ; calere in agendo : a lively idea, opinio recens (vid. Cicero, Tusc. , 3, 31, 75 ; 4, 7, in. ) ; to form a lively idea of
anything, * rem tamquam præsentem animo contemplari ; rem quam maxime intentis oculis, ut aiunt, acerrime contemplari (Cicero, Flacc. , 11, 26) : to give a lively idea of a thing, imaginem alicujus rei exprimere, quæ veluti in rem præsentem perducere audientes videatur (after Quintilianus, 4, 3, 123) : lively correspondence by letter, celebritas, frequentia epistolarum : a lively memory, memoria præsens (Livius, 8, 22) : to feel a lively joy, valde, vehementer lætari : in a lively manner, alacri animo (with spirit) : acriter (fiercely, sharply) : graviter, cum vi (with energy).
LIVER = one who lives, qui vivit (vixit), etc.
LIVER (in the body), jecur (generally, jecinoris). [Cf. , The Greek hepar (ἧπαρ) with derivativehepaticus (ἡπατικός), hepatizon (ἡπατίζον), etc. , only as medical terms] : liver complaint, morbus jecinoris (Celsus, 4, 8, in. ) : morbus hepatarius (Plautus, Cure. , 2, 1, 23) : vitium jecinoris (Plinius, 20, 14, 53) : I have a liver complaint, morbus hepatarius me agitat, jecur cruciatur (Plautus). LIVERY, || (in law), delivery of possession, mancipatio ; traditio. || Delivery of food : livery-stable, * stabulum meritorium or mercenarium. || Uniform given to servants, vestis famularis : vestis quam famuli hominum nobilium gerere consueverunt (general terms ; the latter Nepos, Dat. , 3, 1) : cultus famularis (the whole dress of a servant, after Velleius, 1, 2, 2). In connection also, vestis, cultus famulorum ; or simply, vestis, cultus : to wear livery, vesti famulari or cultu famulari indutum esse : a livery servant, * famulus proprio quodam cultu insignis.
LIVERY-MAN (in London), socius ; sodalis.
LIVID, lividus ; livens : a livery color, livor : to be livid, livere : to become livid, livescere (Lucretius).
LIVIDNESS, livor : livedo (Appuleius).
LIVING, adjective, Vid. LIVE.
LIVING, s. , || In respect of the necessaries or ornaments of life, vita, victus : cultus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) victus et cultus : cultus vestitusque : habitus et cultus (Cf. , victus means maintenance by food, etc. ; cultus denotes everything not contained in the word joined with it ; also vita and victus, when vita denotes the public, victus the private life ; vid. Bremi, Nep. , Alcib. , 1, 3) : a rough style of living, vita horrida, fera : a magnificent style of living, lautitiæ : a poor style of living, vita inops ; vita dura : a regular mode of living, continentia in victu cultuque (corporis tuendi causa) : || In respect of manners and customs, vitæ ratio, vitæ degendæ ratio, vitæ or vivendi via (general term, plan of life) : vitæ ratio et institutio, vitæ instituta, -orum, neuter, vita instituta (rules observed in one’s course of life) : vitæ consuetudo, censuetudo et vita, mos et institutum (mores et instituta), studia institutaque (with reference to the habils and inclinations) : vita (general term, with reference to conduct, etc. ) : a right mode of living, recta vitæ via ; recte vivendi via ; bene vivendi ratio : a regular mode of living, certa vivendi disciplina ; severe, sobrie vivere : to change one’s mode of living, vitæ rationem mutare (general term) ; vitam laudabiliorem exordiri (to improve) : vitam victumque mutare (both private and public) : mores suos mutare, commutare, morum mutationem or commutationem facere, mores emendare, se corrigere ; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire, revocari ; ad bonam frugem se recipere (to improve one’s moral conduct) : mores invertere, se invertere (to degenerate) : to keep to one’s mode of living, de vitæ consuetudine nihil mutare ; institutum suum tenere (to retain one’s habits) : to return to one’s old mode of living, ad priorem vitam reverti : to bring anybody back to his former mode of living, revocare aliquem ad pristinam consuetudinem. || In respect of occupation, vitæ genus (general term) : ars (art, handicraft) : quæstus (business) : a sedentary mode of living, ars sellularia ; quæstus sellularius : to adopt or embrace a living, vitæ genus suscipere ; artem discere, ediscere. || A benefice, * beneficium (not præbenda).
LIXIVIAL, lixivius (Plinius, Columella).
LIZARD, lacerta (and lacertus ; but lacertus means also an arm).
LO! ecce (of something sudden or unexpected) : en (denoting the presence of something wich requires attention, and especially of anything unwelcome) : Cf. , both ecce and en are usually construed with the nominative ; but ecce is found in the comedians with the accusative of a pronoun ; hence, contracted, eccum, eccam, eccos.
LOAD, s. , onus (properly and figuratively) : to take a load, subire onus (dorso, upon one’s back) : onus suscipere : a waggon or cart load, vehes or vehis : a load of manure, vehes stercoris (Columella) or fimi (Plinius) : a load of hay, vehes fœni (Plinius) : a load of powder (for a charge), * pulveris pyrii quantum sclopeto immitti (or in sclopetum infundi) solet.
LOAD, v. , || To burden, onerare : gravare aliquem aliqua re (Tacitus) : alicui onus imponere(Cicero), injungere (Livius) : to load a beast of burden, onera in jumenta extollere (Varro) ; jumentis onera imponere (Cicero) : to load a ship [vid. FREIGHT] : to load a man with baggage, sarcinis gravare aliquem (Tacitus) : a waggon, plaustrum onerare (Ovidius) ; onera in plaustrum imponere (Cicero) : Figuratively. To load anybody with chains, catenis aliquem onerare (Horatius) ; with abuse, onerare aliquem maledictis (Plautus) ; with curses, diras ingerere in aliquem. || To charge a gun, * pulverem pyrium sclopeto infundere ; with ball, * glandem plumbeam sclopeto immittere : to load a cannon, * tormeuto telum immittere [Kraft gives, * in sclopetum pulverem nitratum cum glande immittere ; * pulvere pyrio farcire sclopetum].
LOADSTONE, (properly) magnes, -e̅tis ; magnes lapis ; lapis Heracleus : (figuratively) quod ad se attrahit, or allicit.
LOAF, massa : loaf of bread, * panis in speciem quandam redactus : a loaf of sugar, * meta sacchari.
LOAM, s. , || Marl, marga (Plinius).
LOAM, v. , * marga cohtegere or integere (to cover with loam).
LOAN, s. , || A lending, versura, mutuatio (the former with the view of paying a debt ; the latter general term). || Money lent, pecunia mutua, credita : to get a loan from anyone, versuram facere ab aliquo (if for paying another debt with) : to pay a debt by means of a loan, versura solvere or dissolvere ; mutuatione et versura solvere : to force a loan, pecunias mutuas exigere ; mutuam pecuniam præcipere : to pay or return a loan, creditum or pecuniam creditam solvere : ro accept or receive a loan, pecunias mutuas sumere ab aliquo.
LOATH, invitus ; invito animo ; nolens : to be loath to do anything, ægre aliquid facere ; nolo aliquid facere ; gravari aliquid facere : abhorrere ab aliqua re facienda : non libet mihi aliquid facere ; non libenter facio aliquid (e. g. , causam relinquo. Cicero). I am loath, me piget.
LOATHE, v. , satietas or tædium alicujus rei me capit ; venit mihi aliquid in tædium ; nauseare (ναυσιᾶν) ; fastidire aliquid ; tædet me alicujus rei ; satietas or tædium alicujus rei me cepit or tenet ; fastiditum est mihi aliquid.
LOATHING, fastidium (as a consequence of satiety, disgust, in physical or moral sense) : satietas (satiety, in physical or moral sense). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) fastidium quoddam et satietas : tædium (from weariness, when one loses patience, in prose first in Livy. Cicero uses satietas for it) : nausea (ναυσία, from a disordered stomach, inclination to vomit ; in a moral sense, stronger than fastidium ; but only in Mart. , 4, 37) : to cause or excite loathing, fastidium or satietatem creare ; fastidium movere alicui (e. g. , stomacho) ; fastidium, satietatem, or tædium afferre ; tædio afficere aliquem ; nauseam facere.
LOATHSOME, fastidiosus (Plinius, Hor. , Ep. ) : fastidium creans or afferens (that excites loathing, of things) : teter (foul, ugly ; e. g. , sapor, odor, aqua, etc. ) : odiosus (disgusting, hateful ; of persons or things).
LOBBY, vestibulum.
LOBE (in anatomy), fibra (altera fibra, sc. jecoris, Plinius : pulmo in duas floras dividitur, Celsus).
LOBSTER, cammărus (Plinius).
LOCAL (Cf. , not localis). By the genitive, loci or regionis, locorum or regionum ; e. g. , local difficulties, locorum difficultates : local knowledge, locorum notitia ; locorum, or regionum peritia, or scientia : for want of local knowledge, ignoratione or inscientiâ locorum (once Cæsar, ignorantia loci) : to possess local knowledge, locorum or regionum scientem, peritum, esse.
LOCALITY, || Nature of a place or places, loci or locorum nalura. || Situation, loci, or locorum, situs : a good locality, opportunitas loci : to inspect the localities, situm (urbis) circumspicere (Livius, 9, 28, 3).
LOCH, (a Scotch word), lacus, -ûs.
LOCK, || An instrument for fastening, claustrum. Cf. , The ancients used a bolt or bar in the place of our lock and key ; in some cases they had a contrivance, by means of a thong with a loop or hook, for removing the bolt from the outside of a door ; sometimes, also, they employed a seal ; e. g. , Plautus, Cas. , 2, 1, 1, obsignate cellas, referte annulum ad me ; as if one should say, lock them up and bring the key to me. To put under lock and key, sub signo et claustris ponere.
|| A wear ; dam, objectaculum (Varro). || A tuft of hair, cirrus (natural) : cincinnus (artificial) : annulus (ringlet). || Part of a gun, * igniarium.
LOCK, v. , || To fasten with a lock, claustrum objicere alicui rei : to lock up, claudere ; concludere. Cf. , The ancients sometimes employed a seal instead of a lock and key ; hence the classical phrases, signare : obsignare : annulo vindicare : to lock up in anything, concludere, includere (to shut in) in re : to lock one’s self up in Ike house, se includere domi : to lock anyone up (in prison), aliquem in custodiam includere. || To trig (a wheel), (rotam) sufflamipare (Seneca).
LOCKER, capsa ; capsula.
LOCKET, * clypeolum pensile ; * theca pensilis, or ex collo suspensa. LOCKSMITH, faber claustrarius (late).
LOCOMOTION, motus : to have the power of locomotion, sua vi moveri ; cieri et agi motu suo ; per se ipsum et sua sponte moveri.
LOCOMOTIVE, i. e. , that has the power of locomotion ; vid. LOCOMOTION.
LOCUST, locusta.
LODGE, v. , || INTRANS. , to have lodgings, deversari apud aliquem, also, in aliqua domo (Cicero ; and, in the sense of to be lodging anywhere as a stranger, Cicero, Ce Invent. , 2, 4, 15). To dwell [vid. DWELL]. || TRANS. , Hospites accipere.
LODGE, || A small tenement, casa, casula : domuncula (Vitruvius). || (Of free-masons), (a) the place of assembling : * domus (house) or porticus (hall), in quam latŏmi conveniunt : (b) the assembly, conventus latŏmorum : there is a lodge to-day, * hodie latŏmi in porticam suam convenient : (c) the society of free-masons, * sodalitas latomorum.
LODGER, inquilinus (Cicero). κυρικιμασαηικο
LODGING, || An inhabiting, habitatio. || A hired apartment, cœnaculum meritorium (in respect of one who lets it) : liabitatio conducta ; hospitium (in respect of the tenant) : to let furnished lodgings, locare instructas ædes (Cicero).
LOFT, tabulatum ; cellæ (store-rooms, under the roofs) : fœnile (a hay-loft) : granarium : cella penaria (for fruit or corn).
LOFTILY, alte ; elate ; excelse ; sublime ; sublimiter.
LOFTINESS, altitudo, excelsitas (properly and figuratively) : eminentia (a high projection ; also, figuratively excellence) : sublimitas (figuratively sublimity) : elatio (elevation) : loftiness of sentiment or mind, animi altitudo (Livius, not in Cicero ; vid. Beier ad Cicero, Offic. , 1, 25, 88), animi excelsitas, elatio, eminentia, magnitudo : loftiness of style, orationis elatio atque altitudo ; orationis or verborum granditas.
LOFTY, altus, elatus, celsus, excelsus (properly and figuratively ; SYN. in HIGH) : editus (above the level; opposed to planus) : sublimis (properly that soars on high, then = above the common order) : erectus (of lofty ideas) : augustus (high, especially of divine things) : a lofty style, oratio grandis ; orationis altitudo ; elatio atque altitudo orationis ; sublime genus dicendi : a man of lofty mind, vir excelsus et altus.
LOG, caudex ; stipes.
LOGARITHM, * logarithmus.
LOGGERHEAD, caudex, stipes, asinus, plumbeus (Terentianus) : to be at loggerheads, rixari inter se, or cum aliquo.
LOGIC, * ars logica, logica, -orum, neuter (general term) ; ars intelligendi (art of understanding) : ars argumentandi (as the art of reasoning or drawing inferences). It was included by the ancients in dialectics.
LOGICAL, * logicus : logical arrangement, dispositio (as Quintilianus, 10, 3, 5).
LOGICALLY, * logice ; or by recte, rectissime, acute (e. g. , concludere) ; * rationi convenienter.
LOGICIAN, * qui artem logicam profitetur : * qui de logicis tradit or præcipit (teacher of logic) : artis logicæ peritus (one versed in it) : dialecticus.
LOGOMACHY, Dispute about words (not things), verborum disceptatio : verborum discordia, verbi controversia (Cicero, Or. , 2, 23, 107) : to engage in a logomachy, ad verba rem deflectere (Cicero, Cæcin. , 18, 21) ; with anybody, de verbo or verbis cum aliquo certare.
LOIN, lumbus ; loins, plural, lumbi : weak in the loin, delumbis : elumbis (Festus) : pain in the loins, lumborum dolores.
LOITER, morari, commorari, (in) aliquo loco, apud aliquem.
LOITERER, cessator ; deses ; desidiosus ; segnis : iners.
LOITERING, cessans ; iners ; desidiosus ; segnis.
LOLL, brachia or crura porrigere : abjicere se in re (upon anything).
LONE,
LONELY,
LONESOME, solitarius : a lonely place, solitudo : I never feel less lonely than when alone, nunquam minus solus sum, quam quum solus sum (Cicero) : a lonely life, vita solitaria : lonely places, loca sola (Cicero).
LONELINESS, solitudo (solitas, Acc. ap. Non. ).
LONG, adjective || Of space, longus (general term) : procerus (tall, εὐμήκης) : promissus (hanging down far) : prolixus (Cf. , rare in the best prose, not simply = promissus, but longe lateque diffusus, so that in Columella, 1, 9, 3, arator prolixior is not only a tall, but also a broad-shouldered, stout ploughman) : very long, perlongus ; longissimus ; procerissimus : somewhat long, longulus : immoderately long, prælongus (Cf. , the silver period, enormis) : a long garment, vestis longa (general term) ; vestis alaris (hanging down to the ankles) : vestis prolixa, vestis longe lateque diffusa (long and full ; Gellius, 7, 12) : long hair, capillus longus (general term) ; capillus promissus, cæsaries promissa (that hangs down far over the neck) : capillus prolixus (long and thick, Terentius, Heaut. , 2, 3, 49, and Vergilius, Ecl. , 8, 34) : a long tail, cauda procera (long and thin) ; cauda prolixa (long and thick or bushy) : Cf. , long, with a definite specification of a measure of length, is expressed by longus with an accusative (rarely in the best age with an ablative) of the measure, or by in longitudinem with a genitive of the measure (but only when it is said that a thing is to be made, etc. , so long ; therefore, in dependence on a verb) ; e. g. , six feet long, longus pedes sex : to cut off a bridge six feel long, pontem in longitudinem sex pedum rescindere. For some specifications of length the Latin has also particular adjectives ; as, one foot long, pedalis ; (but also, and more accurately) pedem longus (Cf. , pedaneus is late) : half a foot long, semipedalis : a foot and a half long, sesquipedalis, but also sesquipedem longus : two feet long, bipedalis, but also duos pedes longus : an ell long, cubitalis : half an ell long, semicubitalis. || Of time ; longus (usually of the duration of time itself ; e. g. , tempus, hora, nox, etc. , more rarely of the duration of anything) : longinquus (of the duration of time, and especially of the duration of anything ; e. g. , consuetudo, obsidio, etc. ) : diuturnus, diutinus (of the duration of anything ; but the former denotes duration either indifferently or with commendation, as pax diuturna, whereas the latter implies that a thing is irksome or tedious. Thus bellum diuturnum, a war of long duration, especially as compared with others ; bellum diutinum, a protracted and tedious war ; so also morbus diutinus, a tedious complaint). The longest day, dies solstitialis ; solstitium the longest night, * nox brumalis ; bruma : the days are longer than with us, dierum spatia ultra nostri orbis mensuram (Tacitus, Agr. , 12, 3) : a long syllable, syllaba longa : to make asyllable long, syllabam producere : to pronounce a syllable long, producte dicere syllabam : the first syllable in insanusis long, “insanus” productâ primâ literâ dicimus (dicitur) : the first syllable in sapiens is long, in sapiente prima litera producte dicitur : the time is too long for me, mora lenta me offendit or urit (the delay is tedious, after Ovidius, Her. , 3, 138) ; * otium moleste fero (leisure is oppressive to me) : a long time before, after, anything, multum ante, post, aliquid (e. g. , ante, post mortem alicujus) : a long time since or ago [vid. LONG, adverb. ] : after a long interval, longo intervallo. With specifications of a definite measure of time, the Latin employs either a simple accusative or (to denote that a thing lasts uninterruptedly) per with an accusative (Greek, διὰ, with a genetive) ; e. g. , three years long, tres annos ; per tres annos. || Not brief or contracted, latus (opposed to contractus ; of persons or things) : longus (opposed to brevis ; of persons or things) : copiosus (with many words) : verbosus (with many needless words : Cf. , not prolixus) : a long speech, oratio longa, lata, copiosa, or verbosa : a long work, opus diffusum : a long letter, epistola longior, or verbosa.
LONG, adverb, || A long time, diu ; longum tempus : very long, perdiu : long before, multo (Cf. , not multum) ante (rarely) : longo ante : long after, multo post ; longo tempore post : not long after, non ita multo post (rarely) : non ita longe post ; non ita longo intervallo (Cf. , only in later writers) ; also, non magno post tempore : long before, after anything, multum ante, multum post aliquid (e. g. , mortem alicujus) : longer, longius (Cf. , not quite so rare as ts usually supposed ; vid. Herzog and Held. , Cæs. , B. G. , 4, 1) ; diutius ; ultra (further on ; vid. Herzog, Hirt. , B. G. , 8, 39) : longer than ; e. g. , than a year, anno longius (more rarely longius anno) ; plus anno ; amplius anno ; or amplius annum
: it is longer than six months ago, amplius sunt sex menses ; or sex menses sunt et amplius (Cf. , not diutius est quam sex menses) : it would be too long, longum est (Cf. , not longum esset) ; e. g. , exspectare, dum veniat, or eum exspectare : those to whom it may seem too long, quibus longius tempus videtur : it is long since, jam diu est quum or quod (rarely ut). || A great while since, etc. , diu (opposed to paullisper) ; pridem (opposed to nuper) ; dudum (opposed to modo) (Cf. , dudum can be used only when a short time appears long to the speaker ; by modern writers it is often used wrongly for diu and pridem) : already long, jam diu, jam pridem, jam dudum (with the difference above mentioned) : it is long since I saw him, jam diu est, quum eum non vidi.
LONG FOR or AFTER, desiderio rei teneri ; desiderare aliquid ; summopere petere aliquid ; cupide appetere ; rei studio, or cupiditate, flagrare or ardere ; cupere (with passionate or vehement desire) : avere (with impatient desire).
LONGEVITY, longinqua vita : longævitas (Macrobius).
LONGING, appetitus, appetitio, appetentia (instinctive longing) : cupiditas : cupido (chiefly poetical ; earnest desire) : aviditas (greedy desire) : desiderium (desire, with a sense of want) : a longing for food, cibi cupiditas, aviditas or appetentia ; cibi appetendi aviditas.
LONGINGLY, cupide, appetenter.
LONGITUDE. || Length, vid. LENGTH. || In Geography, * longitudo.
LONGITUDINALLY, in or per longitudinem ; (in) longitudine : Cf. , not in longum.
LONG-SUFFERING, adjective, patiens : tolerans : placidus : * patiens injuriarum : omnia toleranter ferens.
LONG-SUFFERING, s. , patientia : tolerantia : with long-suffering, patienter : toleranter.
LONGWISE, per longitudinem (Cf. , not in longum).
LOOBY, stipes ; plumbeus ; caudex.
LOOK, s. , || Act of looking, glance, aspectus (oculorum), obtutus (Cf. , intuitus is late) : to direct a look at or toward a place, aspectum or oculos aliquo convertere, oculos in rem conjicere (general term) ; obtutum figere in re (to fix the eyes upon), animo intueri, animo collustrare aliquid (to consider) : to cast a look at anyone, oculos or os in aliquem conjicere ; intueri aliquem or in aliquem (general term, to look at) : spectare in aliquem , aspicere aliquem (as to one from whom one expects help, etc. , vid. Cicero, Off. , 1, 17, 58 ; Nepos, Chabr. , 4, 1) : to turn away a look, oculos avertere ; from anyone, ab aliquo (Ovidius, Met. , 2, 770) : to avoid the looks of anyone, alicujus aspectum vitare. || Air of the face, expression of the countenance, vultus (the proper word) : os (the countenance as expressive) : a friendly, kind look, vultus benignus : a cheerful look, vultus hilaris, serenus : a calm, composed look, vultus tranquillus : a composed and cheerful look, frons tranquilla et serena (Cicero, Tusc. , 3, 15, 31) : a mournful look, vultus mæstus : a sad, gloomy look, vultus tristis : a serious look, vultus severus ; vultus adductus (indicating intense thought) : a big look, look of importance, supercilium grande (Juvenalis, 6, 169) : a bold look, os durum or ferreum (os simply, only when the context fixes the sense ; e. g. , Cicero, Verr. , 4, 29, 66, os hominis insignemque impudentiam cognoscite) : a false look, vultus ficti, simulati : to assume a cheerful look, faciem or vultum diffundere, frontem remittere ; frontem explicare or porrigere (poetical) : to put on a sad look, vultum ad tristitiam adducere : to assume a grave or serious look, severum vultum inducere (poetical) : adducere (indicating much thought or care) : to assume an angry look, frontem contrahere : to assume a threatening look, supercilia tollere (cf. , Catullus, 57, 46) : to assume another look, vultum mutare (Cf. , poetical, novos capere vultus) : to assume a false look, vultum fingere (vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 19, med. ). || Appearance, (a) PROPR. , aspectus, visus (Cf. , not visum) : species, forma, facies (form, shape ; forma, also, beautiful form. All five of things with or without life) : os (with reference to the countenance) : vultus (with reference to mien or air) : habitus (with reference to everything else external, carriage of the body, dress, etc. ; these three of persons) : a good look, (in respect of beauty), venustas, pulchritudo (of women) : dignitas corporis, decor (of men). (in respect of health), bona corporis habitudo : corpus validum or integrum : a bad look, deformitas corporis ; pallor (of paleness) ; macies (of leanness) ; languor (of disease) : a youthful look, juvenilis species : to have a healthy look, bona corporis habitudine esse ; corporis sanitatem præ se ferre : to have a pale look, pallere : to have the looks of a gentleman, esse forma or facie honesta et liberali ; esse dignitate honesta : to have a rough or wild look, horridiore esse aspectu : to have the looks of a man, esse humano visu : to have an imposing or majestic look, forma esse imperatoria or augusta : to give a certain look to anything, alicui rei speciem addere or præbere : (b) FIG. , species (opposed to res) : it has the look of, videtur (followed by a nominative and infinitive).
LOOK, v. , INTRANS. , specie esse ; speciem habere, præbere, reddere, præ se ferre : to look like, similem esse, videri (to seem to be like) : imitari, repræsentare aliquid (to come near, in shape, color, etc. ; Tacitus, Germ. , 16, 5. Plinius, 37, 10, 67) : facie alicujus similem esse, os vultumque alicujus referre (to be like in features, etc. ) : to look likely, speciem habere ; spem facere, dare, afferre, præbere (to give hope) : it looks likely for, res spectat ad aliquid (e. g. , for war, tumult, ad bellum, seditionem) : it looks likely for rain, nubilat or nubilatur (it is cloudy, overcast) : pluvia impendet (rain is at hand ; Vergilius, Georg. , 4, 191) : to look black, white, red, pale, nigro, albo, rubro, pallido colore esse (really to have these colors) : nigrere, albere, rubere, pallere (to come near to these colors) : to look ugly, deformem habere aspectum : to look very ugly, insignem esse ad deformitatem : to look well, forma or facie esse honesta et liberali (in respect of beauty or form) : sanitatem corporis præ se ferre ; plenum et speciosum et coloratum esse (in respect of health) : decoro habitu esse (in respect of dress and manner) : he looks better, plenior et speciosior et coloratior factus est (Celsus, 2, 2, in. ) : to look well or ill, (figuratively) = to be in a certain condition, hold out certain prospects, esse : se habere (res bene or male se habet) : to look modest, modestiam præferre or præ se ferre (of mere appearance) : * ex ore alicujus modestia eminet (of the reality) : to look cruel, toto ex ore alicujus crudelitas eminet : to look terrible, terribili esse facie : a sad or gloomy look, vultus mæstus, turbatus : to look sad, alicui vultus tristis est in ore (Ovidius, Her. , 17, 13) : frontem contraxisse (opposed to frontem exporrexisse, explicavisse, remisisse : to look cheerful, vultu speciem lætitiæ præ se ferre or lætitiam præferre : to look grave or composed, vultum composuisse ; gravitatem asseverasse : to look confused, ore confuso esse ; ore confuso magnæ perturbationis notas præ se ferre : to look like a philosopher, studium philosophiæ habitu corporis præferre or præ se ferre : to look like a girl, virginis os habitumque gerere (Vergilius, Æn. , 1, 315) : puerili in ore vultus est virgineus (of features, Ovidius, Met. , 10, 361) : he is not so stupid as he looks, præter speciem sapit or callidus est (after Plautus, Most. , 4, 2, 29) : he looks like a good man, speciem viri boni præ se fert : you look as if you had suffered some calamity, vultus tuus nescio quod ingens malum præfert.
LOOK AT, ON, || PROPR. , aspicere aliquem or aliquid (the proper word) : oculos in aliquid conjicere or convertere (to cast the eyes upon, etc. ) : spectare, aspectare (to look at with attention) : contemplari, intueri, contueri aliquem or aliquid ; suspicere aliquid (at anything above one) : despicere aliquid (at anything below) : prospicere, prospectare (from a distance. Cf. , These two verbs belong to the Silver Age) : to look steadfastly at, oculos non movere or non dejicere a re (at any one), or vultu alicujus ; oculi habitant in re : to look at intently, obtutum figere in re ; defixis oculis intueri aliquid ; defigere oculos in re or in aliquid : to look angrily at, iratos oculos defigere in aliquem (Ovidius, Am. , 2, 8, 15) : to look impudently at, impudentissimos oculos defigere in aliquem or aliquid (Cicero, Phil. , 11, 5, 10) : to look at with longing eyes, ad aliquid cupiditatis oculos adjicere : to look at anything one’s self, ipse video aliquid : not to endure to look at, conjectum oculorum ferre non posse : not to venture to look at anyone, oculos alicui submittere. || Figuratively, To consider, regard, rationem alicujus rei habere or ducere ; respicere aliquid, or ad aliquid : not to look at, negligere : to look at men’s persons, discrimen personæ or discrimina personarum servare. Vid. REGARD. LOOK AFTER, vid. LOOK FOR. LOOK AWAY, removere oculos et se totum avertere (of the person) : declinare (of the eyes) : oculos dejicere ab or de aliqua re ; oculos avertere ab aliqua re. LOOK BACK, respicere (properly and figuratively) aliquid, or ad aliquid, ad aliquem ; respectare (properly) aliquid ; oculos referre or retorquere ad aliquid (properly) : the mind looks back to the past, mens spatium
præteriti temporis respicit. LOOK DOWN (UPON). || Properly, despicere or despectar aliquid. || Figuratively, To despise, aliquem ut multum infra de spectare ; despicere or contemnere aliquem ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) despicere et contemnere aliquem : to look down upon all men, hominen præ se neminem putare ; præ se alios pro nihilo, ducere. LOOK FOR or AFTER, quærere, perquirere (by asking) : inquirere (by tracing out or investigating) : anquirere (to look about diligently for) : conquirere (to look after carefully) : to look for a passage in a book, quærere locum in aliquo libro : to look for a word in a dictionary, * vocabulum in lexico quærere. LLLK IN, INTO, intro aspicere ; inspicere : to look in the glass, in speculo se intueri (after Cicero, Pison. , 29, 71) ; speculum consulere (Ovidius, A. A. , 3, 136) : to look into anything, (properly) introspicere, or inspicere aliquid or in aliquid ; figuratively, to inspect, examine, respicere aliquid, alicujus rei rationem habere : to look into the future, futura providere, prospicere. LOOK OUT, || To turn to a place in a book, locum in aliquo libro quærere. To look to a distance, prospicere ; prospectare. LOOK OUT FOR, || To LOOK FOR, vid. || To destine, designate, destinare aliquem (or aliquid) ad aliquid or alicui rei ; notare et designare oculis aliquem ad aliquid. LOOK ROUND, circumspicere, circumspectare, aliquid ; respicere, respectare (to look back) : fugere sine respectu (Livius, without looking round). LOOK THROUGH, || Properly, perspicere ; ex loco in locum, prospicere. || Figuratively, inspicere, perspicere ; cognoscere (e. g. , librum, rationem) : excutere (e. g. , bibliothecam, commentarios criticorum) : percensere, recensere (for the purpose of forming a judgement) : corrigere (for the purpose of correcting) : to look through again, recognoscere, retractare (in order to remove faults ; e. g. , a writing, a speech) : to look through an account, rationem cognoscere, excutere, dispuogere : to look through anyone, alicujus animum or ingenium perspicere ; aliquem penitus nosse. LOOK TO, rei rationem habere or ducere ; rei prospicere : to look to one’s own interests, sibi or suo commodo consulere ; suo commodo inservire et quidquid sibi expediat facere ; commodi sui rationem ducere ; commoda sua respicere ; prospicere commodis suis. LOOK UP, suspicere aliquid, oculos tollere ad aliquid.
LOOKER-ON, spectator ; feminine, spectatrix (Ovidius).
LOOKING-GLASS, speculum : to look in, or consult a looking-glass, inspicere in speculum ; se, or os suum, in speculo contemplari : looking-glass frame, forma in qua includitur, or inclusum est, speculum (vid. Vitruvius, 2, 8, 9). LOOKING-GLASS MAKER, speculorum opifex ; qui officinam promercalium speculorum exercet (vid. Suetonius, Gramm. , 22).
LOOK-OUT, prospectus : to keep a good look-out, circumspectare omnia (Livius) ; circumspectare sese (Plautus).
LOOM, s. , jugum textorium.
LOOM, v. , sub aspectum venire ; in conspectum dari ; apparere ; se aperire.
LOOP, laqueus.
LOOP-HOLE. || Properly, Aperture [vid. APERTURE]. || Properly, Hole as a passage for missiles, fenestra ad tormenta mittenda relicta (Cæsar, B. C. , 2, 9). || Figuratively, evasion ; vid. HOLE.
LOOSE, adjective, || (A) Properly, (a) not dense, etc. (of the soil), solutus (opposed to spissus) : rarus (opposed to densus) : mollis (opposed to crassus) : tener (opposed to glebosus) : facilis (easy to work; opposed to difficilis) : (b) not tight or strained, laxus (opposed to arctus and astrictus) : to make loose, laxare ; remittere : too loose, male laxus (calceus, Horatius) : (c) at liberty, free, solutus [vid. FREE] : the dog is loose, canis solutus est catena (when he has been set free) : canis vincula abrupit (when he has broken his chain) : to let loose, solvere ; liberare. || (B) figuratively, (a) dissolute, dissipated, dissolutus (of person’s conduct) : (b) lax, slovenly, discinctus : a loose style, orationis genus fluctuans et dissolutum (Auct. ad Herenn. ). || Not costive, fusior (opposed to astrictior ; Celsus) : solutus (Petronius) : liquidus (e. g. , venter, alvus, Celsus).
LOOSE,
LOOSEN, v. , solvere, resolvere (to untie) : laxare, relaxare (to make loose) : refigere (to undo what has been fastened or nailed) : to loosen the soil, agrum mollire (about trees), ablaqueare : to loose one’s hold, e manibus emittere, or demittere : to loose (a ship), solvere terra, or simply solvere (sc. navem) ; ancoram or ancoras tollere ; oram solvere (Cf. , ancoras solvere is very rare, ancoras vellere is of doubtful authority. )
LOOSELY, solute (properly and figuratively).
LOOSENESS, || State of being loose, use the adjective ; remissio (of what has been stretched tight). || Laxity of morals, licentia ; vita dissolutior. || Diarrhœa, alvi profluvium (Celsus) ; solutiones ventris et stomachi (Plinius, 23, 6, 6) ; fluor (Celsus). || Thinness, rarity, raritas (as a present or occasional property) : raritudo (as a constant or uniform nature).
LOP, decidere, abscidere (with a sharp instrument ; Cf. , not abscindere, i. e. , to tear off) : præcidere (to lop off from the forepart, or in front) : succidere (from below) : to lop off one’s hands, manus alicui præcidere (Hirtius) : manum præcidere gladio (Cicero) : to lop off one’s ears, desecare aures (Cicero) ; deci̅dere aures (Tacitus) : to lop trees, arbores interlucare (Plinius) ; amputare (Cicero).
LOQUACIOUS, garrulus (that takes pleasure in talking) : loquax (that uses many words to express his meaning, that is long in telling his story) ; verbosus (wordy, copious ; usually of things, or of speeches of the loquax)
LOQUACITY, garrulitas ; loquacitas.
LORD. || A master, dominus : a sovereign lord, [vid. SOVEREIGN]. The LORD (as a title of Deity), summus rerum Moderator ; Dominus. || A nobleman, dynasta or dynastes (a petty prince).
LORD’S SUPPER, * cœna Domini ; cœna or mensa sacra ; eucharistia : to receive the Lord’s Supper, * ad mensam sacram accedere ; * sumere cœnam Domini ; * ex sacra cœna sumere cibum.
LORD OVER, v. , dominari in aliquem.
LORDLINESS, arrogantia ; fastus ; superbia ; insolentia. SYN. in ARROGANCE.
LORDLY, arrogans ; insolens ; superbus ; fastosus. SYN. in ARROGANT.
LORDSHIP, || Dominion [vid. DOMINION]. || A seignory, ager ; regio ; fines ; provincia : Cf. , not ditio or dominatio. || As a title ; his lordship, vir egregius, or simply egregius (inscriptions and Code Theodosius, 6, 22, 1 ; conf. , Lactantius 5, 14).
LORE, Vid. LEARNING.
LOSE, amittere (of a thing which goes from our possession, and which is missed, as ἀποβάλλειν ; opposed to retinere. Amittere is also the proper word for “to lose anyone by death”) : perdere (so that a thing ceases to be, or to be good for anything, as διολλύναι ; opposed to servare ; to lose in play, with or without an accusative of the thing lost) : deperdere aliquid de, or ex (to lose a portion of) : alicujus rei jacturam facere (to suffer the loss of) : privari aliqua re (to be deprived of) : orbari aliquo or aliqua re (especially by death ; also, to lose anything which contributes to our health or well-being) : capi aliqua re (of the parts of the body, or the mental faculties ; e. g. , oculo, auribus, mente) : to lose leaves (of trees), folia deperdere ; foliis nudari : to lose one’s head, vita privari : to lose one’s senses, a mente deseri : to lose one’s horse in battle, equum acie sub feminibus amittere : to lose color, colorem mutare (general term) : pallescere, expallescere (to grow pale) : he loses color, color ei immutatur : to lose one’s life, vitam amittere (Cf. , not animam amittere) : to lose hope, spem perdere ; spe orbari, excidere, or dejici : to lose patience, patientiam rumpere or abrumpere : to lose one’s labor, operam perdere : to lose time, temporis jacturam facere (to employ time to no purpose) : tempus perdere (to waste time, not to employ it) : to have no time to lose, morandi tempus non habere : to lose one’s way, deerrare itinere : to lose one’s course (at sea), cursum non tenere : to lose sight of land, e conspectu terræ auferri : to lose sight of anyone, aliquem e conspectu amittere ; aliquis ex oculis meis abiit, or e conspectu meo abscessit (properly) : not to lose sight of anything, aliquid nunquam dimittere (figuratively) : to lose one’s good opinion, apud aliquem de existimatione sua deperdere : a mountain loses itself in the plain, mons in planitiem se subducit, or in planitiem paullatim recedit ; septimum Danubii os paludibus hauritur (Tacitus, loses itself in). To be lost, amitti ; abire ; decedere ; perdi ; perire ; absumi : the art is lost, ars exolevit : to give up for lost, desperare de aliqua re : I am lost, occidi ; perii : to be lost in thought, in cogitatione defixum esse.
LOSS, || The act of losing, amissio ; jactura ; or by circumlocution ; e. g. , duo consulares exercitus amissi nunciabantur (the loss of) : moveor tali amico orbatus (by the loss of) : salva, or integra, aliqua re (without the loss of) without loss of time, sine mora ; continuo. || Damage, damnum (opposed to lucrum) : detrimentum (opposed to emolumentum). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) damnum et detrimentum ; dispendium (useless expense) : calamitas (misfortune bringing damage) : clades (overthrow or defeat in
battle) : to occasion loss, damnum alicui inferre, or contrahere ; detrimentum alicui afferre, inferre, or importare : to retire without loss, sine detrimento discedere : to suffer loss, damnum, detrimentum, or jacturam facere ; in damnum incurrere ; detrimentum capere or accipere ; calamitatem accipere (Cf. , damnum, or jacturam, pati is not classical) : to suffer loss in battle, cladem contrahere : with the loss of many troops, multis amissis : to repair or make up a loss, damnum explere, pensare, compensare (sarcire post-classical), restituere ; detrimentum sarcire, reconcinnare ; quod amisi, reparo ; quæ amissa sunt, reficere : to meet the loss from one’s own private resources, jacturæ patrimonio succurrere. || Failure : I am at a loss, incertus or dubius sum aliquid faciam ; quid agam nescio ; de aliquo or de aliqua re incertus sum, quid sim facturus : never at a loss, qui armatus semper et quasi in præcinctu stat.
LOT, || Properly, sors (general term, also = lottery ticket) : sortitio, sortitus (a drawing of lots) : by lot, sorte ; sortitione ; sortito (after the lot has decided) : to cause anything to be decided by lot, aliquid ad sortem revocare ; aliquid sorti committere or permittere ; aliquid in sortem conjicere : they caused it to be decided by lot, which of them, etc. , sortiti sunt, uter (with a subjunctive) : without lot, extra sortem (in an election, etc. ) : to consult lots, sortibus consulere de aliqua re or de aliquo : I obtain anything by lot, aliquid sorte mihi evenit ; aliquid sortior : to make the lots equal, sortes æquare : to cast the lots into the urn or vessel, sortes in hydriam (or urnam) conjicere, dejicere ; sortes in sitellam ponere (general term) : nomina in urnam conjicere (if the lots contain names, e. g. , in decimation, in conscription, etc. ) : to draw a lot, sortem ducere : to draw lots, sortiri (general term) : sortitionem facere (to cause to be decided by lot) : to draw lots among one another, sortiri inter se : to draw lots respecting anything or person, sortiri aliquid or aliquem and (in the Silver Age) de re (general term) ; aliquid ad sortem revocare, aliquid sorti committere, permittere (instead of deciding it in any other way) : to draw lots again about any person or thing, subsortiri aliquid or aliquem (e. g. , judicem, in the place of one previously chosen, Cicero) : a lot falls or comes out, sors exit, excĭdit : when my lot was the first that was drawn, quum sors mea prima exiisset : the lot falls to me, sors me contingit. || Figuratively. Position or circumstances in life, fortune, sors ; fortuna ; fortunæ (circumstances, good or bad) : a fortunate lot, fortuna florens ; fortunæ secundre : an unfortunate lot, fortuna misera : the common lot, sors communis : this is the common lot, hæc omnibus accĭdunt : to be contented with one’s lot, sorte sua contentum vivere (Cf. , sorte sua gaudere is rather poetical) : not to be contented with one’s lot, fortunas suas accusare : I have a happy lot, bene mecum agitur : I have an unhappy lot, vitam miseram dego : to pity anybody’s lot, alicujus sortem miserari.
LOTE-TREE, lotos or lotus, -i, feminine.
LOTION, || A washing, ablutio ; lotio (Vitruvius). || A wash used for medical purposes, medicarnentum.
LOTTERY, * alea sortium. To put into a lottery, numos in sortium aleam dare (after Livius, 42, 59, 10) : to buy a share or ticket, * sortem redimere : to try one’s fortune in a lottery, * sortium fortunam tentare, experire : to gain a prize in a lottery, * in sortium alea lucrum facere, lucrari (after Suetonius, Calig. , 41) : to be fortunate in a lottery, prospera sortium alea uti (ib. ) : to lose or be unfortunate in a lottery, pecuniam in alea sortium perdere (after Cicero, Phil. , 2, 23, 56) : to be fond ofputting into lotteries, * aleæ sortium indulgere (after Suetonius, Oct. , 70) : lottery directors, triumviri (etc. , according to the number) quibus sortium alea commendata est (after Suetonius, Calig. , 41) ; * triumviri aleæ sortium præpositi : a lottery director, triumvir (etc. , vid. above) aleæ sortium præpositus : a lottery list, sortium, quæ exierunt, index.
LOUD, clarus (opposed to obtusus), magnus (opposed to exiguus) ; vox clara, magna (both of the voice : Cf. , not vox alta, Ruhnken, Dict. ad Ter. , p. 74). A loud cry, clamor clarus (Plautus) : to utter a loud voice, clamare, vociferari (Cicero) : to make a loud noise, fremere (especially of a multitude) : to speak out loud, vocem mittere.
LOUDLY, clare ; clarâ voce (Cf. , vivâ voce is not classical) ; magna or summa voce (very loudly).
LOUDNESS, by circumlocution with the adjectives.
LOUIS D’OR,
Ludovicus aureus (as Plautus, Bacch. , 2, 52, etc. , Philippus aureus) ; * Ludovicus (as Horatius, Ep. , 2, l, 234, Philippus).
LOUNGE, segne otium terere ; socordia atque desidia bonum otium conterere. To lounge upon ; vid. LEAN.
LOUNGE-CHAIR, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata (Cœlius, Aur. Tard. , 2, 1, 46) ; cathedra (an arm-chair used by Roman ladies).
LOUNGER, homo deses ; homo languori et desidiæ deditus.
LOUSE, s. , pediculus ; pedis (Plautus). To be eaten up with lice, pediculorum multitudine corpori innascentium animam efflare (after Plinius, 7, 51, 52).
LOUSE, v. , * liberare aliquem pediculis ; * pediculos alicui legere.
LOUSE-WORT, herba pedicularis (Columella, 6, 30, 8).
LOUSY, pediculosus.
LOUT, homo rusticus ; stipes ; caudex.
LOUTISH, rusticus.
LOUTISHLY, rustice.
LOVAGE (a plant), ligusticum.
LOVE, v. , amare (general term, out of mere impulse or passion, of persons or things ; also absolutely) : diligere (with esteem, as the result of reflection or moral approbation ; to value or prize highly ; of persons or things). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) amare et diligere ; diligere et amare ; carum habere, caritate complecti (almost = diligere). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) amare (or diligere) carumque habere ; alicui studere, alicujus esse studiosum, aliquem benevolentia complecti (to feel an interest in anyone, to show favor or good-will) : For amare the Latins use also the following circumlocutions : amorem erga qui habere, aliquem amore amplecti : prosequi (rather of tender affection) ; aliquem in amore habere, alicujus amore teneri, captum esse (rather of sexual love). To love anyone very much, aliquem singulari amore habere ; aliquem mirifice diligere carurnque habere ; aliquem eximia caritate diligere ; aliquem in deliciis habere ; aliquis mihi percarus est ; aliquem in oculis gerere, gestare ; aliquem in sinu geslare ; summum me tenet alicujus studium : to love anyone above all others, aliquem unice diligere : to love passionately, alicujus amore ardere, flagrare, insanire (in erotic poetry, also, perire aliqua, mori alicujus amore ; vid. Lachmann, Propert. , 2, 4, 2) : to love heartily, ex animo amare : to love anyone as one’s own brother, aliquem amare ut alterum fratrem ; aliquem in germani fratris loco diligere ; ne frater quidem mihi carior est : as one’s own son, aliquem haud secus amare ac filium ; aliquem patria caritate diligere : to love one another, amare inter se, diligere inter se (Cf. , “Nos [accusative] inter nos amamus is incorrect for inter nos amamus, ” Krebs, Vid. , also, Hand, iii, p. 397 : invicem or mutuo diligere is rare, and not Ciceronian ; vicissim diligere has been formed by moderns from a passage misunderstood, Cicero, Læl. , 9, 30) : to love learning, literarum studiosum esse : to love the arts, artes amare : to love one’s country, patriam amare ; patriæ amore duci : to love liberty, libertatis amantem or studiosum esse : to love money, divitias amare ; avarum or habendi cupidum esse (to be covetous). || Followed by an infinitive = to be accustomed, solere (with an infinitive ; only in Græcizing poets and prose writers amare ; or, in narrative, by the imperfect ; e. g. , after luncheon he loved to take a nap, post cibum meridianum paullum conquiescere solebat, or simply paullum conquiescebat). LOVE, s. , || Fond attachment, favor, amor (general term, and especially passionate attachment to persons or things, as distinguished from caritas) : amor venereus, libido, amor libidinosus (unchaste love) : caritas (love to a person who appears estimable or deserving of regard [of things, it is only applied to one’s country, home, etc. , patriæ, reipublicæ (Cicero) ; sedium suarum, ipsius soli (Livius)] the love of esteem ; then, generally, any tender regard, not passionate ; not like amor) : pietas (dutiful affection, or religious feeling) : benevolentia (kind feeling) : studium, voluntas (interest felt for one, inclination in his favor).
Love to anyone, amor in, erga or adversus aliquem ; (where the context allows, also) amor alicujus ; pietas, benevolentia, voluntas in or erga aliquem ; studium in aliquem ; studium alicujus : to declare one’s love (to a female), alicui narrare amorem suum : to be inflamed with love, alicujus amore incensum esse, ardere, flagrare : to gain the love of all, ab omnibus (or omnium) amorem sibi conciliare : to return love, alicui in amore respondere (Cf. , not redamare aliquem , an expression formed by Cicero and used only once, Læl. , 14, 49, with ut ita dicam) : amori, amore respondere : to have or possess the love of anyone, ab aliquo amari, diligi : out of, from, pure love, præ amore, ex amore ; propter amorem or benevolentiam ; amore impulsus, incitatus ; amans (e. g. , Plautus, Capt. , 5, 4, 35) : out of pure love to anything, ipsa aliqua re captus (vid. Cicero, Ecl. , p. 125) : to do anything out of love to a person, alicujus amori aliquid tribuere, dare, largiri : my love! mea lux! mea vita! meum mel! || Inclination, desire, amor, studium alicujus rei ; e. g. , virtutis : to have a love for anything, alicujus rei esse amantem, studiosum ; alicujus rei studio teneri : to produce a love of anything, alicujus rei amorem excitare.
LOVE AFFAIR, res amatoria ; plural, amores. To have a love-affair, amori operam dare (Terentius, Heaut. , 1, 1, 58).
LOVE LETTER, epistola amatorie scripta (Cicero, Phil. , 2, 31, 77) ; tabellæ blandæ, epistola blanda (Juvenalis, Ovidius). κυρικιμασαηικο
LOVE POTION, virus amatorium, medicamentum amatorium, poculum amatorium ; amatorium. LOVE SONG, * carmen amatorium ; erotopægnion (Lævius ap. Gell. , 2, 24 ; Auson. , Idyll. , 13 extr. ) : love songs, poesis amatoria (Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 33 extr. ).
LOVE STORY, res amatoria ; amores. Cf. , Not narratio amatoria.
LOVELINESS, amabilitas (properly in Plautus and later writers) : suavitas (sweetness) : venustas (agreeableness) : amœnitas (beauty of country, and other sensible objects).
LOVELY, amabilis, amandus, amore dignus, dignus qui ametur (properly) : suavis, dulcis (sweet, pleasant) : venustus (agreeable). Very lovely, amabilissimus ; bellissimus ; venustissimus (in respect of outward appearance).
LOVER, || One who is fond of anything, amans, amicus, amator alicujus rei (the amans and amicus simply have an inclination for anything ; the amator shows the inclination by deeds : thus, the amans pacis delights in peace, but the amator pacis also endeavors to secure peace) : cultor alicujus rei (one who esteems or thinks highly of anything) : studiosus alicujus rei (that shows an interest in anything). A great lover of anything, alicujus rei amantissimus ; alicujus rei magnus amator ; alicujus rei studiosissimus ; consectator alicujus rei (one who zealously pursues an object ; e. g. , voluptatis) : a lover of building, ædificator : a lover of antiquity, amator antiquitatis : a lover of learning, literarum studiosus : a lover of the chase, vcnandi studiosus : lovers of such things, qui sunt harum rerum studiosi : to be a lover of anything, alicujus rei amantem, etc. , esse ; aliqua re delectari, gaudere (to take pleasure in anything) : to be a great lover of anything, magnum alicujus rei esse amatorem ; magno alicujus rei studio teneri. || A person in love, amans ; amator (the former has only a lively affection, the latter also gives proofs of his attachment) : cultor (one who pays attention, an admirer ; less than amator. Cf. , Amasius = amator, is not found in classic prose) : to have many lovers, a multis amari : to have an avowed or declared lover, habere palam decretum semper aliquem (Cicero, Cæl. , 16, 38) : lovers, amantes (Cf. , not par amantium).
LOVING, plenus amoris (of persons and things) : amans (well-disposed ; toward anyone, alicujus ; of persons, and then always with a genitive ; also of things which show a good disposition ; e. g. , verba) : blandus (kind in manner, friendly, of persons and things). Very loving, amantissimus, peramans ; toward anyone, alicujus.
LOVINGLY, amanter ; blande : Very lovingly, amantissime.
LOW, adjective || Properly, not high, humilis (opposed to altus) : depressus (post-Augustan; opposed to editus) : demissus (sunken). A low country, loca demissa (with palustria) : low shore, ripæ demissiores (Auct. , B. Alex. ) : a house in a very low situation, domus depressa, cæca, jacens (Cicero, Fr. ) : to be in a low situation, in loco demisso (depresso) situm esse : the lower town, plana urbs (Tacitus) : low water [vid. EBB]. ||Figuratively. (a) Of the tones of the voice, etc. , (bass) gravis (Cicero) ; depressus (Auct. , ad Hor. ) ; inferioris soni (gentle, suppressed) : lenis (opposed to gravis) : suppressus, summissus (opposed to magnus, contentus, clarus). To speak in a low tone, summisse, summissa or suppressa voce loqui, dicere summittere vocem or verba (vid. Cicero, Divin. in Cæcil. , 13, 48 ; Seneca, Ep. , 11, 5) : mussare (to mutter) : susurrare (to whisper) : to speak in a low tone to anybody, ad aurem familiariter insusurrare (vid. Cicero, II : Verr. , 5, 41, 107) : to ask one another in a low tone, mussantes inter se rogare (Livius, 7, 25). (b) In price, vilis. A low price, pretium vile or parvum : to buy at a low price, parvo, or vili (pretio) aliquid emere ; pauco ære aliquid emere : what is the lowest you will take? quanti emi potest minimo? tell me the lowest price, indica, fac pretium minimo daturus cui sis : to be low, jacere : prices are low, jacent pretia (e. g. prædiorum, Cicero). (c) In rank or estimation, humilis ; ignobilis ; obscurus (Cicero) : sordidus (Livius, a stronger word) : to be of low origin, natum esse obscuro, humili, or ignobili loco (Cicero), sordido loco (Livius) ; parentibus humilibus natum esse(Cicero) : of the lowest class, (homines) infimi ordinis (Cicero) or generis (Livius) ; infimæ sortis (Cicero) : to raise one from the lowest post to the highest rank, ex humili loco perducere aliquem ad summam dignitatem (Cicero). (d) In mind or sentiment, humilis ; abjectus ; illiberalis ; sordidus (e. g. , animus). (e) In expression, humilis. A low word, verbum humile : low language, sermo plebeius (Cicero, Fam. , 9, 21, 1 ; opposed to sermo politus, ornatus, elegans). (f) Badly furnished or provided ; e. g. , to be low in the purse, imparatum esse a pecunia.
LOW, adverb, || Properly, humiliter (or by the adjective neuter). || Figuratively. (a) Of the voice, demissius (e. g. , to begin low), demissius ordiri ; demittere principium (Bau. ) ; (in singing) gravius ordiri ; demissiore sono incipere cantum.
LOW, v. , (as cattle) mugire.
LOWER, v. , TRANS. , || Properly. To make lower, let down, demittere aliquid. To lower the sails, navis armamenta demittere. || Figuratively, minuere, imminuere alicujus auctoritatem ; elevare aliquem or alicujus auctoritatem. To lower one’s self, i. e. , (a) to humble one’s self, let one’s self down, se demittere, se submittere ; to anything, prolabi adaliquid ; se projicere in aliquid (e. g. , in muliebres fletus) ; descendere ad aliquid (e. g. , ad gravissimas verborum contumelias). (b) to act unworthily of one’s self, minuere suam dignitatem ; se abjicere, se abjicere et prosternere (to throw one’s self away) : lowering, indecorus.
LOWER, v. , INTRANS. , || Properly. To become dark, obscurari. || Figuratively. To look sullen, frontem contrahere or obducere.
LOWERING, || Properly. Of the sky, nubilis. || Figuratively. Of the countenance, tristis.
LOWERMOST, infimus ; imus.
LOWING, mugitus, -ûs.
LOWLANDS, loca demissa (et palustria).
LOWLINESS, Vid. HUMILITY.
LOWLY, Vid. HUMBLE.
LOWNESS, || Properly. Of situation, etc. , humilitas. || Figuratively. (a) Of birth or rank, humilitas (Cicero) ; ignobilitas generis (Sallustius) ; ignobilitas, locus humilis or obscurus (Cicero). (b) Of mind or sentiment, humilitas ; animus humilis or abjectus. (c) Of spirits, animi demissio ; animus afflictus, demissus, debilitatus. (d) Of tone, gravitas (bass) ; vox summissa (in a whisper, etc. ). (e) Of price, vilitas.
LOW-SPIRITED, afflictus ; (animo) abjectus ; demissus ; animo demisso ; jacens ; ægritudine afflictus et debilitatus : mærore afflictus et profligatus ; tristis.
LOYAL, fidus ; fidelis ; officii memor ; certus (that can be depended upon).
LOYALLY, fide ; cum fide ; fideliter.
LOYALTY, fides. To maintain one’s loyalty, fidem servare, præstare.
LOZENGE, || A rhomb, rhombus ; scutula. || A comfit, * pastillus dulcis.
LUBBER, homo rusticus, stolidus ; stipes, caudex asinus.
LUBBERLY, rusticus, stolidus (clownish) : lævus (awkward, without dexterity).
LUCID, lucidus. A lucid interval, * lucidum, quod dictum, intervallum (Kraft).
LUCK, casus ; fortuna. Good luck, prospera, or secunda, fortuna : bad luck, infortunium ; adversus casus : good luck to you! bene vertat! quod approbet deus or approbent dii! hanc rem tibi volo bene et feliciter evenire! I do not envy you your luck, haud invideo tibi : to congratulate one on his good luck, congratulationem facere, congratulatione fungi ; gratulari ; on anything, alicui aliquid or de re (e. g. , alicujus adventum or alicui de adventu) : to wish one good luck, optimis ominibus [Cf. , not votis] aliquem prosequi (to follow with good vishes) : cupere ut res bene eveniat (to wish that a thing may turn out well).
LUCKILY, feliciter ; fortunate ; fauste ; prospere.
LUCKY, felix ; fortunatus ; faustus ; dexter ; prosper ; bonus : Vid. FORTUNATE.
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LUCRATIVE, lucrosus (advantageous) ; quæstuosus, quod quæstui est (that affords profit ; e. g. , mercatura) ; fructuosus (that does not leave pains unrewarded ; e. g. , aratio ; vid. Cicero, Tusc. , 5, 31, in. ) : quod fructum fert, in fructu est habendum ; ex quo fructus capitur : A lucrative office, * munus iuculentum, fructuosum : to be lucrative, fructum edere ex se ; fructum ferre.