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INCAPACITATE, Vid. DISQUALIFY.
INNCAPACITY, inertia (unfitness for business) : * ingenium alicui rei, or ad aliquid, or alicui rei faciendæ inhabile.
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INCARCERATE, Vid. IMPRISON.
INCARCERATION, Vid. IMPRISONMENT.
INCARNATE, humanam speciem induens (Cicero, N. B. , 2, 24, 63 ; but this is not sufficiently precise and unambiguous) : inclusus in his compagibus corporis (Seneca) : * corpore superinducto (after Quintilianus, 5, 8, 2, where, however, he is speaking figuratively) : * homo factus (ecclesiastically).
INNCARNATION, by circumlocution with humanam speciem induere (Cicero), or corpus superinducere (Quintilianus), or hominem fieri, or * humanam naturam in se recipere.
INCASE, includere (in anything, in aliqua re or aliqua re ; with anything, aliqua re).
INNCAUTIOUS, Vid. INCONSIDERATE.
INCAUTIOUSLY, incaute : improvide : temere.
INCENDIARY, s. , incendiarius : incendii auctor (with reference to any single case ; Cf. , not ustor) ; or by circumlocution, cujus opera conflatum est incendium. It was the work of an incendiary, incendium humana fraude factum est : to be proved an incendiary, dolo se fecisse incendium convinci.
INCENDIARY, adjective, An incendiary fire, incendium dolo factum.
INCENSE, s. , tus (frankincense). To burn incense, tus accendere : (adjective) relating to incense, tureus : bearing incense, turifer. The vapor of incense, * fumus turis : censer of incense, turibulum ; Cf. , acerra was the box in which it was kept. A seller of incense, turarius (Inscriptions).
INNCENSE, v. , incendere (e. g. , judicem, animum alicujus) : accendere aliquem in rabiem : facere aliquem iratum : irritare aliquem or alicujus iram : stomachum alicui facere or movere : indignationem alicui movere : bilem alicui movere or commovere : pungere aliquem (to sting a man) : offendere aliquem (to annoy ; of persons or things) : ægre facere alicui (Plautus , Terentianus). To incense anybody against anybody, aliquem facere alicui iratum. Incensed, ira incensus, or accensus, or incitatus, or flagrans : iracundia inflammatus (inflamed with anger ; of high degrees of passion). To be incensed, iratum esse ; with or against anybody, iratum or offensum esse alicui. He is incensed against me, illum iratum habeo. They are incensed against each other, ira inter eos intercessit. To be incensed, irasci : iratum fieri : indignari : stomachari : ira incendi, or exacerbari, or excandescere : iracundia exardescere, inflammari, efferri. To make anybody incensed, facere aliquem iratum : irritare aliquem or alicujus iram : exacerbare aliquem. Vid. ANGRY.
INCENSORY, turibulum : Cf. , acerra, the chest in which it was kept.
INCENTIVE, Vid. INCITEMENT.
INCESSANT, perpetuus (without intermission, continual ; e. g. , laughter, risus) : continens : continuus (without interruption or break ; immediately following one another ; e. g. , accidents, incommoda ; work, labor) : assiduus (properly, continually present ; hence of things that continue long ; e. g. , rains, imbres) : perennis (literally, lasting through years ; hence perpetual). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) perennis atque perpetuus (e. g. , perennes atque perpetui cursus stellarum, Cicero).
INNCESSANTLY, perpetuo : continenter (Cf. , continue or continuo are not classical) : sine intermissione : nullo temporis puncto intermisso (without ceasing) : assidue (uninterruptedly ; but assiduo is not classical) : usque (always, without leaving off) : semper (always, at all times). I am singing incessantly, ita cano, ut nihil intermittam : to work incessantly, nullum tempus ad laborem intermittere : to study incessantly, studia nunquam intermittere ; totâ vitâ, assidere literis ; hærere in libris (to be always poring over one’s books) : to entreat anybody incessantly, aliquem precibus fatigare.
INCEST, incestus, ûs ; incestum : domesticum germanitatis stuprum (between brother and sister ; Cicero, Harusp. Resp. , 20, 42). To commit incest, incestum facere, committere ; with one’s own (whole or half) sister, cum germanâ sorore nefarium stuprum facere ; with one’s daughter, incestare filiam.
INCESTUOUS, incestus (Cf. , incastus, only an unchaste person, Seneca, Contr. , 2, 13).
INNCH, digitus (a finger’s thickness) ; adjective, digitalis : uncia (the twelfth of a whole ; as measure of length, Front. , Aquæd. , 24 ; Plinius, 6, 34, 39). Not to depart a single inch from anything, ab aliqua re non (transversum) digitum decedere : not an inch, ne tantulum quidem (improperly, not at all, however little). I don’t vid. a single inch of land in Italy which, etc. , pedem in Italia video nullum esse, qui, etc. By inches, paullatim : sensim ; vid. GRADUALLY.
INNCHOATE, inchoatus (begun, and left unfinished).
INNCHOATIVE, inchoativus (e. g. , verbum. Charis. Diom. Prisc. ).
INNCIDENCE, Angle of incidence, * angulus, quo radii in aliquid incidunt.
INCIDENT, adjective, by circumlocution. Dangers which are incident to anybody, casus periculorum, ad quos objectus est aliquis (Cicero) : diseases incident to a climate, * morbi, qui in regione aliqua vulgo ingruunt. To be incident to anybody, cadere in aliquem or aliquid (e. g. , anybody is liable to it) : alicui rei or ad aliquid objectus est aliquis (he is exposed to it).
INNCIDENT, s. , casus : res : Melancholy incidents, casus miseri, calamitosi : an unexpected incident, casus improvisus, inopinatus : various incidents, rerum vicissitudines : many incidents happen, incidunt saspe casus, etc. The incidents of a play, argumentum fabulæ (the subject generally) ; or res (general term).
INNCIDENTAL, fortuitus (accidental). To make incidental mention of anything, (casu) in mentionem alicujus rei incidere. An incidental thought, cogitatio forte inefdens. Vid. ACCIDENTAL.
INCIDENTALLY, quasi præteriens : in transitu (“en passant, ” Cicero, Divin. in Cœcil. , 15, extr. ; Quintilianus, 6, 2, 2, and 7, 3, 27) : strictim (only superficially) : per occasionem : occasione oblatâ (an opportunity having presented itself). To mention anything incidentally, (casu) in mentionem alicujus rei incidere. Vid. ACCIDENTALLY.
INCISED, incisus (e. g. , leaves, folia).
INNCISION, incisura (post-Augustan, Columella) : Cf. , incisio is rhetorical technical term = κόμμα ; or grammatical technical term = cæsura.
INCISORES,
INCISIVE TEETH, dentes, qui digerunt cibum, lati acutique (Plinius, 11, 35, 61) : dentes, qui secant (Celsus, 8, 1).
INNCITATION, Vid. INCITEMENT.
INCITE, incitare : instigare : irritare. Incitare, from ciere, “to urge an inactive person by merely bidding, speaking to, and calling upon him, to an action, generally of a laudable kind, synonymously withhortari ; instigare, to “spur on” a reluctant person, by vehement exhortations, promises, threatenings, to an adventurous act, synonymously with stimulare ; irritare, to “egg on” a quiet person, by rousing his pastions, ambition, revenge, to a violent action, synonymously with exacerbare, Döderlein: incitare is however used of “exciting” anybody against another, in aliquem , Livius ; contra aliquem, Cicero. to incite anybody to anything, incitare aliquem ad aliquid (e. g. , ad arma, bellum : voluntatem, etc. ), or ad aliquid faciendum (e. g. , ad servandum genus hominum) ; by anything, aliqua re ; also, incitare aliquid. Vid. To EXCITE.
INCITEMENT, irritamentum : incitamentum (to anything, alicujus rei ; e. g. , laborum ; ad aliquid faciendum, Curtius) : invitamentum (especially in plural) : illecebra (to anything, alicujus rei, or gerund in -di) : lenocinium (enticement) : stimulus (spur, alicujus rei ; ad aliquid faciendum ; alicujus rei faciendæ) : incitatio (as act, Cicero). To employ incitements, stimulos admovere alicui ; irritamentis acuere aliquem (alicujus iram, etc. ) ; illecebris aliquem incendere (e. g. , of lusts).
INCIVILITY, inurbanitas : rusticitas. SYN. in UNCIVIL.
INCIVILLY, inurbane : rustice.
INCLEMENCY. || Of persons, inclementia (the proper word) : sometimes severitas : inhumanitas. || Of the weather, tristitia (e. g. , cœli, Plinius) : * asperitas (probably, but not found) : inclementia cœli (Justinus, but too poetical).
INNCLEMENT, || (Of persons) inclemens : severus : inhumanus. || (Of the weather) tristis (gloomy ; e. g. , cœlum) : asper (hard, severe, hiems).
INCLINATION, (1) As an action, an inclining, inclinatio. An inclination of the head, inclinatio capitis. (2) As a state. || (A) PROPR. , direction downward, fastigium (slope, descent) : proclivitas : declivitas : acclivitas (steepness ; the two first considered from above, the last from below) : Cf. , inclinatio is nowhere used in this signification) : the inclination of the magnetic needle, * fastigium acûs nauticæ. || (B) figuratively. A propension toward an object, inclinatio animi or voluntatis : to anything, ad aliquid (the inclination of the mind or will to anything . Cf. , In classical prose never without the addition animi or voluntatis) : proclivitas ad aliquid (censurable propensity to anything)
: studium ; to anything or person, alicujus rei or alicujus (liking which impels one to pursue an object, or show favor to a person) : voluntas ingenii (the direction of the mind to a particular object) : propensa in aliquem voluntas : propensum in aliquem studium (a favorable disposition toward anybody) : amor (love), toward anybody, in or erga aliquem (Cf. , in this sense affectio, which in the golden period is only = a state or condition of mind, is quite unclassical) : inclination to sensuality, libido, libidines : inclination to anger, iracundia : ad iram proclivitas : from inclination, (suâ) voluntate (opposed to vi coactus) ; de suâ voluntate (e. g. , from favorable inclination to anybody) ; studio (e. g. , accusare) ; propenso animo (e. g. , aliquid facere) ; ex animo (with desire and affection) : to have an inclination to anything, inclinatum, proclivem, pronum esse ad aliquid [vid. INCLINED] ; alicui rei studere ; alicujus rei esse studiosum ; alicujus rei studio teneri : to feel a strong inclination toward anything, studio alicujus rei ardere or incensum esse : to feel no inclination to anything, ab aliqua re alienum esse, or (with the secondary idea of aversion) abhorrere ; vid. “to be INCLINED to anybody: ” to follow one’s inclinations, animi impetum sequi (to yield to one’s desires and passions) : studiis suis obsequi (to that to which one’s own impulse draws him).
INNCLINE, || TRANS. , PROPR. , inclinare (mostly poetical and post-Augustan prose ; to bend downward or to one side). || IMPROPR. , inclinare (very rare : this inclines me to believe, hæc animum inclinant, ut credam, Livius, 29, 30, 10) : inducere (e. g. , ad credendum, Nepos ; ad misericordiam, Cicero) : adducere (e. g. , ad credendum, Nepos ; in metum, in spem, Cicero ; but both inducere and adducere are stronger than incline). || INTRANS. , inclinare (Lucretius). vid. LEAN.
INCLINED, propensus ad aliquid (easily moved to anything) : proclivis ad aliquid : pronus in or ad aliquid (easily falling into anything ; e. g. , diseases, rage, passions, etc. Before Tacitus, pronus only of instinctive, passionate, and therefore pernicious inclinations) : studiosus alicujus rei (fond of) : inclinatus or inclinatior ad aliquid or ad aliquem (e. g. , inclinati ad bellum animi ; plebs inclinatior ad Pœnos). I am more inclined to believe that, etc. , magis ut arbitrer (with accusative or infinitive) inclinat animus (Livius, 7, 9). I am inclined to think, believe, etc. (1) by perfect subjunctive, crediderim (usually only a modest expression of what one really believes) : (2) haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (all implying positive opinion under the expression of ignorance and doubt). Cf. , In the literal translation of these forms by “I don’t know whether, ” “I doubt whether, ” the “not” or other negative is to be omitted, if expressed in English, and vice versa : I am inclined to think it is so (i. e. , don’t know whether it is not so), haud scio an ita sit : I am inclined to place Thrasybulus first (i. e. , doubt whether I should not place him first), dubito an Thrasybulam primum omnium ponam (Nepos). I am inclined to think he would have no equal (i. e. , don’t know whether he would have had any equal), nescio an habuisset parem neminem. To be inclined to anything, propensum esse ad aliquid : alicui rei studere : delabi ad aliquid (to become gradually more and more inclined to it ; e. g. , quotidie magis magisque ad æquitatem) : I am the more inclined to think, eo magis adducor, ut credam, etc. : I am inclined to do anything, inclinat animus, ut, etc. : not to be inclined to anything, ab aliqua re alienum esse, abhorrere (the latter, if there is an antipathy). Favorably inclined, alicujus studiosus : alicui amicus : propitius (mostly of the gods ; seldom of men ; cf. Brem. , ad Nepos, Dion. , 9, 6) : benevolus (wishing one well ; of men). To be favorably inclined to anything or anybody, (se) inclinare ad (or in) aliquem or aliquid : inclinatione voluntatis propendere in aliquem (to feel one’s self drawn by inclination toward anybody) ; acclinare se ad alicujus causam (to anybody’s cause or parly, Livius, 4, 48 : Cf. , animum suum acclinare ad aliquam sententiam has no authority) ; favere alicui. We are naturally inclined to favor those who, etc. , natura fert, ut iis faveamus, qui, etc.
INCLOSE,
INCLOSURE, Vid. ENCLOSE, ENCLOSURE. INCLUDE, || Enclose, Vid. || Comprehend, vid. To include in a reckoning, enumeration, etc. , ducere in ratione (to add up in an account, to reckon among ; e. g. , I do not here include those who, etc. , non duco in hac ratione eos, qui, etc. ) : alicujus rei rationem habere (to have respect also to anything else, to bring into the account ; as, his trouble is not included in this, operæ ejus non habetur ratio). To include among, etc. , æcensere with dative (to reckon in addition to, Livius, 1, 43, 7 ; Ovidius, Met. , 15, 546) : annumerare with dative, or with in and ablative (to reckon in addition ; as, to include one’s self among the examples, etc. , se in exemplis annumerare) : referre in numero (to place in the number of) : not including you, præter te (besides you) : including those who, etc. , cum iis, qui, etc. (with those who, etc. ) : to be included under or in, subesse alicui rei, pertinere ad rem (to belong to anything) : to be included in the number, esse or haberi in eo numero.
INCLUDING, additâ eâ re. Frequently the preposition cum or in is sufficient ; e. g. , there were three hundred soldiers, including the prisoners, * milites erant trecenti cum captivis (or, captivis annumeratis) : there were a thousand soldiers, including the band, mille erant milites, in his accensi cornicines tibicinesque. κυρικιμασαηικο
INCLUSIVE, mostly by cum, with ablative of the thing ; e. g. , from the 11th of October inclusive, ex ante diem quintum Idus Octobres cum eo die (so cum iis, qui, etc. ). Vid. “to INCLUDE in a reckoning, ” and INCLUDING.
INCLUSIVELY, Vid. INCLUSIVE.
INCOGNITO, adjective, incognitus : ignoratus (without being known ; e. g. , servili habitu, per tenebras ignoratus evasit ; Tacitus, Hist. , 4, 36). To travel incognito, omnibus ignotus proficiscor (after Nepos, Them. , 8, 6, omnibus ignotus navem ascendit) ; sub alieno nomine proficiscor (after Suetonius, Oct. , 55) : to come any where incognito, ignotus aliquo venio : to try to remain incognito, dissimulare nomen (after Ovidius, Trist. 4, 9, 32) : to lay aside one’s incognito, palam jam, quis sim, fero ; quis sim, detego ; memet ipse aperio, quis sim : alicui, quis sim, aperio (if it is laid aside in favor of one individual). INCOHERENCY, by circumlocution with words and phrases in INCOHERENT.
INCOHERENT, dissipatus (loosely put together, etc. ; of a speech) : quod non cohæret sibi (Quintilianus, 7, proœm. 3 ; of a speech). An incoherent speech, full of repetitions and omissions, oratio carens ordine, quæ tumultuatur nec cohæret sibi, multa repetit, multa omittit (after Quintilianus, ib. ).
INNCOHERENTLY, sine ordine : * ita ut oratio tumultuetur, nec cohæreat sibi (after Quintilianus, 7, proœm. , 3).
INNCOMBUSTIBLE, quod ignis or flamma non consumit : Cf. , alicui rei nihil igne deperit ; e. g. , auro, Plinius, 33, 3, 19, is “to lose nothing of its weight by the action of fire. ” Imcombustible (linen) cloth, asbestibum (sc. linum, Plinius 19, 1, 4).
INNCOME, vectigal : vectigalia (not only of public revenue, but also of private income from rents, etc. ; often used by Cicero in this sense ; e. g. , Off. , 2, 25, 88 ; Parad. 6, 3) : reditus (always in singular ; the return that anything makes ; profit from anything) : fructus (that which anything produces ; the profit from it ; e. g. , of landed estates) : pecunia, also reditus pecuniæ (the hard cash that one receives) : quæstus (the gain which accrues from a speculation, from capital, etc. ). Professional income, muneris commoda, plural : he has a fair, a considerable income, habet unde utatur or vivat : he has a very sufficient income, * habet, unde commode vivat. Income received from anything, pecunia, quæ redit ex aliqua re ; or pecuniæ, quas facio ex aliqua re (e. g. , from mines, ex metallis) ; fructus alicujus rei or quem aliqua res reddit (e. g. , fructus prædiorum or quem prædia reddunt). To derive an income from any source, pecunias facere or capere ex aliqua re : to afford income, in reditu esse : to be a steady source of income ; to afford so much income every year, reditum statum præstare (Plinius, Ep. , 3, 19, 5) : after all expenses are paid, I shall have a small surplus from my little income, ex meo tenui vectigali, detractis sumtibus, aliquid tamen redundabit : 1 am hoarding up all my income, for the purchase of, etc. , omnes meas vindemiolas eo reservo, ut. . . (parem, etc. , Cicero).
INNCOMMENSURABLE, alogos (ἄλογος ; e. g. , linea, Marcellinus, Capell. , 6, extr. , § 720).
INNCOMMODE, Vid. To INCONVENIENCE.
INCOMMODIOUS, incommodus : gravis : molestus : importunus (Cicero).
INNCOMMODIOUSLY, incommode (Cicero) : Vid. INCONVENIENT.
INCOMMODIOUSNESS,
INCOMMODITY, incommoditas (Plautus) : incommodum (Cicero). Vid. INCONVENIENCE.
INCOMMUNICABLE, * quod cum alio communicari non potest.
INCOMMUNICATIVE, inops sermonis (after Seneca, Benef. , 2, 27, 1) : insociabilis (averse to intercourse with others ; e. g. , “an incommunicative
nation” [Buchanan], insociabilis gens, Livius). To be very incommunicative, parce uti verbis ; horis decem verba novem dicere (Martisalis, 8, 7).
INNCOMPARABLE, omnem comparationem amplitudine vincens (above all comparison, from its manifest superiority ; of things ; e. g. , triumphus) : sine exemplo roaximus (greater than any of the kind before or after ; e. g. , Homer, Homerus) : divinus (divine, figuratively ; of persons and things ; e. g. , legio, virtus) : cœlestis (heavenly [figuratively] ; e. g. , legion, legio ; voice, vox ; works, opera) : singularis (singular ; the only one of its kind, of persons and things ; e. g. , daughter, filia ; virtue, virtus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) singularis et divinus : eximius (uncommon, distinguished from the rest by peculiar advantages ; of things) : Cicero, that incomparable orator, Cicero, cœlestis hic in dicendo vir : an incomparable genius, ingenium cœleste, or immortale, or eximium ; singularis et divina vis ingenii.
INCOMPARABLY, sine exemplo : supra omnia exempla (inscriptions) : divine, eximie.
INCOMPASSIONATE, immisericors.
INCOMPATIBILITY, repugnantia (Cicero, rerum) : diversa insociabilisque natura (of things, Plinius) : Cf. , inconvenientia is very late ; Tertullianus.
INCOMPATIBLE, repugnans (alicui rei ; of several things, inter se repugnantes). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) adversans et repugnans : insociabilis (incapable of being united with ; Livius, Plinius, Tacitus) : alienus (foreign from) : contrarius (opposite to, alicui rei). Incompatible nature, diversæ atque inter se repugnantes naturæ (Cicero) : diversæ insociabilesque naturæ (e. g. , arborum, Plinius). To be incompatible, pugnare inter se, with anything, repugnare alicui rei : alienum esse or abhorrere ab aliqua re : aliquid recusat aliquid : alicui rei contrarium esse or adversari : to be happy, and to be overwhelmed with grief, are incompatible notions, illud vehementer repugnat, esse beatum et multis oppressum doloribus (Cicero). Sometimes esse with genitive. It is incompatible with wisdom, sapientiæ non est ; with the character of a wise man, sapientis non est. Persons of incompatible tempers, longe dispares moribus (Livius, 1, 46). To be yoked to a person of a temper incompatible with one’s own, cum impari jungi (Livius, 1, 46).
INNCOMPETENCY, by circumlocution with non idoneus : idoneum non esse (of witnesses, etc. ) : faciendi aliquid jus or potestatem non habere : jure aliquid facere non posse (with reference to want of legal power or qualification, where potestas non justa may sometimes serve) : facere aliquid non posse (with reference to inability). Vid. INABILITY, INSUFFICIENCY.
INCOMPETENT, non satis idoneus (of witnesses, testimony, etc. ) : non potens alicujus rei faciendæ, or ad aliquid faciendum (e. g. , non potens ad legionem continendam, unable to maintain discipline in the legion) : inutilis ad aliquid (not fit to serve that purpose) : non justus : alienus (with reference to permission, legal power, etc. ) : non sufficiens (insufficient) : invalidus : infirmus (not strong enough ; e. g. , ad resistendum). To be incompetent to do anything, aliquid facere non posse (not to be able to do it) ; faciendi jus or potestatem non habere ; jure aliquid facere non posse.
INCOMPETENTLY, Vid. INSUFFICIENTLY, INADEQUATELY.
INCOMPLETE, Vid. IMPERFECT, UNFINISHED.
INCOMPLETENESS, Vid. IMPERFECTION.
INCOMPREHENSIBLE, non comprehensus : non perceptus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) non comprehensus et non perceptus : non comprehensus neque perceptus ; or, by circumlocution, quod mente or cogitatione comprehendi non potest : quod comprehendi or percipi non potest (whatever is beyond the faculty of comprehension, ἀκατάληπτος. Cf. , Avoid incomprehensibilis [Columella, Plinius]. incomprehensus and imperfectus, which are never used by Cicero ; vid. Orelli and Goerenz, Cicero, Acad. , 2, 29, extr. , where non comprehensa is the right reading) : quod intelligi non potest : quod in intelligentiam non cadit : quod intelligentiæ nostræ vim atque rationem fugit (what cannot be understood) : quod cogitare non possumus : quod cogitari non potest : quod mens et cogitatio capere non potest (that can not be imagined) : inexplicabilis (not to be explained ; e. g. , readiness to concede, facilitas) : incredibilis (incredible ; e. g. , levitas animi). An incomprehensible degree of rapidity, celeritas tanta, quantam cogitare non possumus. To be incomprehensible, cogitatione comprehendi or percipi non posse ; fugit aliquid intelligentiæ nostræ vim ac notionem. || Not to be confined or contained by any limit, immensus : infinitus. Seneca uses (natura) incerta et incomprehensibilis.
INCOMPRESSIBILITY, by circumlocution. Vid. INCOMPRESSIBLE.
INCOMPRESSIBLE, * quod in spatium angustius comprimi (or contrudi comprimique) non potest.
INCONCEALABLE, by circumlocution, quod celari non potest. INCONCEIVABLE, quod cogitari (percipi, comprehendi, or mente or cogitatione comprehendi) non potest : quod cogitare non possumus : quod mens et cogitatio capere non potest. Anything is inconceivable, nequeo aliquid intelligere et cogitatione comprehendere : inconceivable folly, surmna dementia : it seems inconceivable folly to, etc. , summæ dementiæ esse judico (with infinitive) : the notion of a soul without a body is inconceivable, animum sine corpore intelligere non possumus ; qualis sit animus corpore vacans, intelligere et cogitatione comprehendere non possumus. Vid. INCOMPREHENSIBLE for phrases.
INCONCLUSIVE, levis : infirmus (weak ; argumentum). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) levis et infirmus (Cicero) : ad probandum infirmus et nugatorius (Cicero, Cæcin. , 23, 64) : invalidus (late ; argumentum, Ulpianus, Dig. , 48, 18, 1) : That is a very inconclusive argument, nullum verum id argumentum est.
INCONCLUSIVENESS, levitas (want of weight, solidity ; used of opinions, Cicero ; hence would be correct of arguments) ; or by circumlocution with adjectives in INCONCLUSIVE.
INCONGRUITY, Vid. INCONSISTENCY, DISAGREEMENT.
INCONGRUOUS : Vid. INCONSISTENT.
INCONGRUOUSLY, Vid. INCONSISTENTLY.
INCONSEQUENCE, inconsequentia (post-Augustan, Quintilianus, quæ est inconsequentia rerum fœdissima) : inconstantia (inconsistency).
INNCONSEQUENT, inconstans : non constans (not consistent, of things ; not remaining true to his words and character, of a person) : parum sibi conveniens, sibi repugnans (inconsistent, contradictory ; of things) : minime consectarius or consequens (what by no means follows from anything ; philosophical technical term) : Cf. , inconsequens late, Asconius.
INCONSIDERABLE, levis (without any particular weight or importance ; of things and persons [only Cicero, Fam. , 9, 12, fin. : munus levidense], work, danger, action, authority) : mediocris (of an ordinary description ; e. g. , man, family ; then generally, not particularly great, etc. ; e. g. , evil, genius) : minutus (of less than common size, hence without any importance whatever) : exiguus (small in comparison with others ; e. g. , crew, army, copiæ ; property, res familiaris) : parvus (small ; opposed to magnus ; e. g. , sum of money, pecunia ; body of troops, manus ; circumstance, res) : infirmus (weak, not able to accomplish great things). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) exiguus et infirmus : nullus (οὐδείς, next to nothing = mean ; vid. Cicero, Fam. , 7, 3, 2 ; Nepos, Phoc. , 1, 1). Not inconsiderable, nonnullus (vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 1, 13 ; Cicero, Invent. , 2, 1, 1) : so inconsiderable, tantulus (e. g. , of things ; vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 4, 22) : an inconsiderable man, personage ; [vid. INSIGNIFICANT] : an inconsiderable state, civitas exigua et infirma (opposed to civitas ampla et florens) : no inconsiderable garrison, haud invalidum præsidium : no inconsiderable sum of money, nummi non mediocris summæ : inconsiderable causes, parvulæ causæ : to represent anything as inconsiderable, rem elevare or verbis extenuare : to look upon anything as inconsiderable, aliquid parvi facere ; aliquid in levi habere (Tacitus, Hist. , 2, 21, 2).
INNCONSIDERATE, inconsideratus (thoughtless, inadvertent) : inconsultus (without reflection or premeditation) : incautus (heedless, incautious) : improvidus (unwary, improvident). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) improvidus incautusque : imprudens (imprudent without due circumspection).
INNCONSIDERATELY, inconsiderate : incaute : imprudenter.
INCONSIDERATENESS,
INCONSIDERATION, inconsiderantia (want of reflection or premeditation, Cicero, Quint. , Fr. , 3, 9, 2 ; and Suetonius, Cal. , 39) : temeritas (rashness ; inconsiderateness from want of principles, or from proceeding in too great a hurry) : inscitia (want of practical understanding ; vid. Benecke, Justin. , 4, 5, 6). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) temeritas atque inscitia : dementia (senselessness).
INNCONSISTENCY, inconstantia (want of steadiness ; want of agreement with itself ; of things and persons) : repugnantia (contrariety of nature between things, rerum). To be guilty of inconsistency, vid. ” to act INCONSISTENTLY”]. Nothing was ever like his inconsistency, nil fuit unquam sic impar sibi
(† Horatius) : no inconsistency will be detected in my method of proceeding, mea ratio constans reperietur in aliqua re.
INCONSISTENT, || Not agreeing together, insociabilis (not easily uniting together ; Plinius). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) (res) diversæ et insociabiles : alienus (foreign to, inconsistent with, ab aliqua re, aliqua re, alicui rei, alicujus rei) : Cf. , incongruus, late. To be inconsistent, pugnare inter se (of contradictory assertions, etc. ) ; repugnare alicui rei ; alienum esse ab aliqua re (e. g. a alicujus dignitate). To bear uthg without doing anything inconsistent with the character of a wise man, aliquid ita ferre, ut nihil discedas a dignitate sapientis [vid. “to be INCOMPATIBLE with”]. Cf. , “To be inconsistent with, ” etc. , may often be translated by genitive with esse ; e. g. , measures inconsistent with the mildness of our times, quæ non sunt hujus mansuetudinis. || With reference to character, inconstans : non constans (not agreeing with itself ; of things and persons) : parum sibi conveniens, sibi repugnans (being at variance with itself) : inæqualis († Horatius, irregular in his actions). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) stultus et inæqualis (Seneca, Vit. Beat. , 12) : impar sibi (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 3, 9). Inconsistent behavior, inconstantia. To be inconsistent ; vid. “to act INCONSISTENTLY. ”
INCONSISTENTLY, inconstanter : non constanter. To act inconsistently, sibi ipsi non constare, in anything, in aliqua re ; a se (ipse) discedere (Cicero) ; a se desciscere ; se deserere (to desert one’s principles, one’s usual method of acting). To act inconsistently with one’s usual firmness, discedere a constantia (so with reference to any other mental quality ; a recta, conscientia ; a dignitate sapientis, a cautione, etc. ).
INNCONSOLABLE, inconsolabilis (†) : alicujus dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest. To be inconsolable, * nihil consolationis admittere : I am inconsolable in my grief, vincit omnera consolationem dolor.
INCONSTANCY, inconstantia (the proper word ; of persons or things, physical or moral ; e. g. , venti ; rerum humanarum) : varietas (variety) : infidelitas (want of trustworthiness). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) varietas atque infidelitas : infirmitas : levitas (weakness, lightness, and consequent fickleness of character). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) levitas et infirmitas : mutabilitas mentis (of mind). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis (Cicero) : mobilitas (changeableness ; of a person or personified thing ; e. g. , fortunæ) : volubilitas (e. g. fortunæ, Cicero). Inconstancy of the weather, cœlum varians.
INCONSTANT, inconstans (of things, as the winds ; and of inconsistency in persons ; opposed to constans) : varians : varius (the former of things ; e. g. , cœlum ; the latter of persons) : mutabilis : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) varius et mutabilis : mobilis (of persons and things ; ingenium, animus, voluntas) : levis (light-minded, frivolous ; of persons) : infidelis (unfaithful ; of persons) : infirmus (weak ; of persons and things) : fluxus (of things ; e. g. , fides, fortuna). To be as inconstant as a weather-cock, plumis aut folio facilius moveri (Cicero).
INNCONSTANTLY, mutabiliter (Varro).
INNCONTESTABLE, non refutatus (compare Walch. , Tac. , Agr. , p. 352).
INNCON TESTABLY, sine controversia : sine ulla controversia. Vid. INDISPUTABLY.
INCONTINENCE, incontinentia : intemperantia.
INCONTINENT, incontinens : intemperans.
INCONTINENTLY, incontinenter : intemperanter.
INCONTROVERTIBLE, Vid. INDISPUTABLE.
INCONTROVERTIBLY, Vid. INDISPUTABLLY.
INCONVENIENCE, s. , incommoditas (as quality, e. g. , of the matter, rei ; of the time, temporis) : incommodum (unpleasantness, inconvenient circumstance) : molestia (trouble). To cause anybody some inconvenience, alicui incommodare or molestum esse : if it can be done without any inconvenience to yourself, quod commodo tuo fiat : whenever it can be done without inconvenience to yourself, quum erit tuum commodum : to cause inconvenience to anybody, alicui incommodum afferre, conciliare ; alicui negotium exhibere, facessere (to cause them trouble ; to annoy them).
INCONVENIENCE, v. , incommodare alicui, or absolutely (to be inconvenient, annoying, burdensome ; rare, but classical, Cicero) : incommodum afferre alicui ; aliquid incommodi importare ; oneri esse. To be inconvenienced, aliquo affici incommodo : not to be inconvenienced, incommodi nihil capere : to be inconvenienced by anything, aliquid alicui incommode accidit : if it can be done without inconveniencing you, quod tuo commodo fiat.
INCONVENIENT, incommodus (literally, that has not the proper measure, or does not suit the circumstances, Cicero, Att. , 14, 6, in : Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re nata non incommodum) : alienus (not fit for a given purpose, of time and place) : iniquus (properly, uneven ; hence not giving a person a fair chance of places) : molestus (troublesome) : impeditus (connected with difficulties that will impede ; opposed to expeditus, e. g. , via, way) : inopportunus (very rare, but classical ; sedes huic nostro non inopportuna sermoni, Cicero) : intempestivus (happening at an inconvenient time ; mal-à-propos). If it is not inconvenient to you, nisi molestum est (Cicero) ; quod commodo tuo fiat : whenever it is not inconvenient to you, quum erit tuum commodum.
INCONVENIENTLY, incommode. Very inconveniently, incommodissime ; perincommode : it happened inconveniently, incommode (perincommode) accidit (that, quod, etc. ).
INNCONVERSABLE, Vid. INCOMMUNICATIVE.
INCORPORATE adjungere : adjicere (with dative ; to join anything to something else) : attribuere (with dative) ; contribuere (with dative, or in and accusative, or cum and ablative ; to place it to something else, as a part of it) : admiscere : immiscere (with dative ; to mix one thing up with another) : inserere (to insert ; e. g. , anybody into a family, a state, etc. , aliquem familiæ, numero civium, etc. ; also, anything in a book, aliquid libro). To incorporate with any country, terræ adjungere, attribuere ; any country into a kingdom, terram in provinciam redigere : to be incorporated into a city, contribui in urbem ; with the Oscenses, contribui cum Oscensibus : to incorporate the new recruits with the veterans, immiscere tirones veteribus militibus ; the cohorts into his army, cohortes exercitui suo adjungere. || To form into a corporate body, collegium instituere or constituere : to be admitted as an incorporated member, in societatem ascribi or recipi.
INCORPORATION, || Act of incorporating, adjectio (the act of adding ; e. g. , to enlarge the Roman state by the incorporation of that of Alba, adjectione populi Albani rem Romanam augere, Livius, 1, 30, 6) : * collegii constitutio. || Incorporated body, societas : collegium.
INCORPOREAL, corpore vacans or vacuus : corpore carens : quod cerni tangique non potest (immaterial) : Cf. , incorporalis (Seneca, Quintilianus : incorporeus, Silver Age). To be incorporeal, sine corpore esse ; corpore vacare ; corpus non esse.
INCORPOREALLY, sine corpore (ullo).
INCORPORELTY, Vid. IMMATERIALITY.
INCORRECT, vitiosus (general term for faulty) : inquinatus (impure ; of language) : falsus (untrue ; opposed to verus). The account is incorrect, ratio non constat or convenit. Cf. , incorrectus († Ovidius).
INNCORRECTLY, perperam (in a manner the reverse of right ; opposed to recte : e. g. , to pronounce, pronuntiare ; to interpret or explain, interpretari [whereas male interpretari = to put an unfavorable construction on] ; to judge, judicare) : vitiose (faultily ; opposed to recte ; e. g. , to infer or conclude, concludere) : falso (falsely, not really what its appearance would lead one to expect ; opposed to vere or vero) : secus (otherwise than as it should be ; e. g. , judicare). To sing incorrectly, dissonum quiddam canere (out of tune) ; perperam canere (not according to the rules of art) : to use a word incorrectly, perperam or non recte dicere verbum : to pronounce a word incorrectly, perperam prnnunciare.
INCORRECTNESS, mendosa alicujus rei natura (after Horatius, Sat. , 1, 6, 66) : pravitas (perverseness, wrongness) : vitium (fault). Cf. , Not mendositas or vitiositas. Incorrectness of style, vitiosus sermo (faulty style) ; inquinatus sermo (impure style, with reference to the expressions). Cf. , If = “untruth, ” it must be rendered by falsus (for falsitas has no classical authority, veritas being the reading of the best manuscripts in Cicero, Cluent. , 2). To prove the incorrectness of any statement, aliquid falsum esse probare (Quintilianus, 2, 17, 17).
INNCORRIGIBLE, insanabilis (e. g. , ingenium, Livius) : inemendabilis (post-Augustan).
INNCORRIGIBLENESS, insanabile ingenium (Livius) : inemendabilis pravitas (post-Augustan, Quintilianus).
INNCORRUPT, incorruptus (the proper word) : integer (whole, undefiled, not adulterated, etc. , morally pure ; opposed to contaminatus, vitiatus) : sanctus (spotless, virtuous, morally pure).
INNCORRUPTIBILITY, || PROPR. , by circumlocution with corrumpi non posse. || IMPROPR.
, Incapacity of being bribed, animus adversus dona invictus (after Sallustius, Jug. , 43, extr. ) : integritas (integrity) : innocentia (unselfishness, disinterestedness) : sanctitas (general term for moral purity).
INNCORRUPTIBLE, || Not capable of being corrupted, incorruptus (that is not corrupted) will often do ; if not, by circumlocution by corrumpi non posse, etc. || Incapable of being bribed, integer : incorruptus (opposed to pretio venalis). To be incorruptible, pecuniæ or largitioni resistere ; animum adversus dona invictum gerere (after Sallustius, Jug. , 43, extr. ).
INNCORRUPTION, Vid. INCORRUPTIBLITY (properly).
INNCORRUPTNESS, integritas (both in a moral and a physical sense ; of persons and things) : sanctitas (moral purity). Incorruptness of the heart, sanctimonia
INCREASE, v. , || TRANS. , [Vid. To AUGMENT, To ENLARGE. ] || INTRANS. , crescere : accrescere (to grow ; to increase. , whether with reference to number, extent, or intensity) : incrementum capere (to receive an increase in extent or magnitude) : augeri : augescere (to be enlarged ; to be increased in number or strength) : ingravescere (to become heavier ; properly ; e. g. , of bodies by exercise ; and improperly, malum, morbus, studium) : invalescere : evalescere (to become strong, prevalent, etc. ; not præ-Augustan ; consuetudo invalescit, Quintilianus ; invalescentibus vitiis, Suetonius ; evalescere rami, flagella, Plinius ; affectatio quietis in tumultum evaluit, Tacitus) : corroborari : se corrobare (to strengthen itself). The number of the enemy increases, numerus hostium crescit : the pains increase every day, dolores in dies crescunt : our friendship increased with our years, amicitia cum ætate accrevit simul : the disease increases, malum ingravescit or corroboratur.
INCREASE, s. , accretio (as act) : amplificatio (act of enlarging in extent or bu’k ; e. g. , rei familiaris ; honoris ; gloriæ) : incrementum (as state). The increase and decrease of light, accretio et diminutio luminis : I perceive an increase of strength, * meas vires auctas sentio.
INCREDIBLE, incredibilis (that can hardly be believed, hence = extraordinary, uncommon, etc. ) : a fide abhorrens : nullam fidem habens (not deserving belief). Incredible celerity, incredibilis celeritas : tanta celeritas, cui par ne cogitari quidem potest : incredible pain, incredibilis dolor : opinione omnium major dolor : the art has made incredible strides, supra humanam fidem erecta est ars (Plinius 34, 7, 17) : it is incredible, incredibile est, also with auditu, or dictu, or memoratu : a fide abhorret. Anything is less incredible, aliquid pronius ad fidem est (Livius, 8, 24).
INNCREDIBLY, incredibiliter : incredibilem in modum : incredibile quantum : supra quam credibile est.
INCREDULITY, dubitandi obstinatio, or with by circumlocution, credere non posse : non facile adduci, ut credat. By his incredulity, non credendo.
INCREDULOUS, incredulus (Horatius) : qui non facile adduci potest, ut credat.
INCREMENT, incrementum (Cicero).
INNCRUST, crustare : incrustare (Horatius, Varro).
INNCRUSTATION, incrustatio (late, Procul. , Dig. , 8, 2, 12, fin. ; Paullus, Dig. , 50, 16, 79 : both of the coating of walls ; e. g. , with marble) : crusta, or plural, crustæ (technical term for all that is used in the way of inlaying, coating, etc. , whether for wills, vessels, or any other work of art).
INNCUBATION, incubatio (also incubatus, -ûs : incubitus, -ûs ; all Plinius).
INNCUBUS, incubo (Scribonius, Larg. , 100). Vid. NIGHTMARE.
INCULCATE, prædicere (προειπεῖν : to tell or warn beforehand to do or not do something ; with ut, ne ; especially of inculcating the wisdom, propriety, etc. , of not doing something ; prædicere, ne, etc. ) : inculcare (literally, to tread anything in ; take great pains to impress it deeply : id, quod tradatur vel etiam inculcetur, Cicero, De Or. , 1, 28, 127 ; Vatin. , 11, 27). Sometimes tradere : præcipere : docere, etc.
INCUMBENT, adjective. , || PROPR. , To be incumbent on anything, incubare alicui rei or aliqua re ; inniti alicui rei or (in) aliqua re ; impositum esse alicui rei. || IMPROPR. , Obligatory, by circumlocution with debeo aliquid facere : oportet me facere. It is incumbent on anybody, est alicujus ; on me, you, etc. , meum, tuum, etc. , est : he believed it incumbent on him, officii esse duxit (Suetonius) : Cf. , “It is incumbent upon ” is munus or officium est alicujus, when the meaning is that it belongs to the recognized duties of anybody : est alicujus means only “it suits or is becoming, creditable, etc. , to anybody: ” it is incumbent on a ruler to resist the inconstancy of the multitude, principum munus est [not principum est] resistere levitati multitudinis.
INCUMBENT, s. , * beneficiarius.
INCUMBRANCE, Vid. ENCUMBRANCE and BURDEN.
INCUR, aliquid suscipere, subire : aliquid (in se) concipere : aliquid in se admittere (e. g. , guilt, culpam). To incur hatred, in odium (offensionemque) alicujus irruere ; in odium alicujus incurrere or venire [vid. HATRED, GUILT, ENMITY, DANGER, PENALTY]. To incur a fine, multam committere.
INCURABLE, insanabilis (of things ; e. g. , illness, wound : Cf. , immedicabilis is poetical only) : desperatus (given up by the physicians, hopeless ; of the illness and the patient).
INNCURABLY, insanabili morbo : insanabiliter (very late, Marcellinus and Faust. ).
INNCURIOUS, incuriosus (post-Augustan, Suetonius, Tacitus). Vid. UNINQUISITIVE, INATTENTIVE.
INCURSION, incursio (Cæsar, Livius) : excursio (with reference to one’s own country, from which one makes an incursioninto that of others). To make an incursion, incursionem (hostiliter) facere ; excursionem facere (in with accusative) : to prevent any hostile incursions, prohibere hostem ab incursionibus (Cæsar) : fines suos ab excursionibus hostium tueri (Cæsar).
INNDEBTED, to be indebted to anybody for anything, aliquid alicui debere (general term, to be his debtor for it) : aliquid alicui acceptum referre (i. e. , to set it down, as it were, in one’s account-books as received from him, whether good or evil = “to have to thank him for”) : alicujus beneficio aliquem or aliquid esse (to owe one’s present happy, etc. , state to anybody’s kindness). To be indebted to anybody for one’s life, vitam suam alicui referre acceptam (Cicero, Phil. , 2, 5) ; alicui vitam debere (Ovidius, Pont. , 4, 3, 31) ; propter aliquem vivere (Cicero, Mil. , 22, 58 = to have to thank him for having saved one’s life) ; ab aliquo natum esse ; propter aliquem hanc suavissimam lucem aspexisse (to owe one’s being to anybody as its author ; of parents, etc. ). To be indebted to anybody for one’s preservation, life, etc. , alicujus beneficio incolumem, salvum esse : to be indebted to anybody for the preservation of one’s rank, property, position, etc. , alicujus beneficio incolumes fortunas habere : to be indebted to anybody for many kind acts, alicui multa beneficia debere : to feel indebted [= obliged] to anybody for anything, aliquid (e. g. , munus alicujus) gratum acceptumque est, etc. [Vid. OBLIGED. ]|| = To be in debt ; vid. DEBT or OWE.
INDECENCY, indignitas (indecent behavior or treatment of others, and indecent condition of a thing) : turpitudo (vile, immoral manner in speaking or conducting one’s self).
INNDECENT, Vid. INDELICATE, UNBECOMING.
INDECENTLY, Vid. INDELICATELY, UNBECOMINGLY.
INDECISION, dubitatio : hæsitatio (doubt, etc. , with reference to a particular case, about which anybody cannot determine how to act) : inconstantia (want of firmness as manifested by unsteadiness of plans, etc. ) : (* crebra) mutatio consilii (change of purpose, Cicero) : crebra sententiarum commutatio (frequent change of opinion, Cicero, Dom. , 2) : inopia consilii (the being at a loss what to do) : animus parum firmus, or varius incertusque (as a person’s character). Slowness and indecision, dubitatio et moræ (e. g. , senati, Sallustius) : a person of great indecision of character, homo parum firmus proposiio (after Velleius, 2, 63, fin. ) : all my former indecision, quicquid incerti mihi in ammo fuit (Plautus) : to be in a state of indecision, pendere animi (or animo) ; æstuare dubitatione ; dubius est aliquis, quid faciat ; affici inopia consilii : anybody remained for a long time in a state of indecision, diu incertum habuit aliquis, quidnam consilii caperet (Sallustius) ; diu hæsitavit aliquis, quid facere deberet.
INDECISIVE, || That does not decide the question, dubius (doubtful ; e. g. , prœlium, victoria) : incertus (uncertain ; e. g. , victoria, exitus) : ambiguus : anceps (doubtful as to the event ; e. g. , belli fortuna : but Cf. , prœlium anceps = “a double attack, ” and prœlium ambiguum, pugna ambigua is not found) : ad probandum infirmus et nugatorius (of an argument, etc), or quod parvo ad persuadendum momento est (after magno ad persuadendum momento esse, Cicero, Invent. , 2, 26). Trifling and indecidive engagements, levia et sine effectu certamina. || Undecided, vid.
INDECISIVELY, sine effectu (e. g. , certamina) : incerto exitu (victoriæ : of an event, net yet decided ; e. g. , victoriæ).
INDECLINABLES, aptota (ἄπτωτα, Diom. , Prisc. ).
INNDECOROUS, Vid. , INDELICATE, UNBECOMING.
INDECOROUSLY, indecore : indigue : inhoneste : turpiter (Cf. , indecenter, post-classical).
INNDECOROUSNESS, Vid. INDECENCEY.
INDEED, || Emphatical = in truth, etc. , profecto (it is a fact, assuredly ; e. g. , non est ita, judices, non est profecto) : sane (preceding or following the word it refers to : often with adjectives ; opportuna sane facultas : odiosum sane genus hominum : judicare difficile est sane). I was, indeed exceedingly glad, sane quam sum gavisus. Sometimes after haud non ; I do not, indeed, understand, haud sane intelligo) : vere (truly ; with truth, e. g. , a Christian indeed, * vere Christianus) : anybody is, indeed, a scholar, aliquis est plane perfecteque eruditus. || In this way it is often used in answers, sane : etiam : vero : ita : ita est : sic est : certe : recte. Do you wish, etc. ? I do, indeed, visne. . . ? Sane quidem, often with repetition of the verb ; dasne? etc. I do sane. [Pr. Intr. , ii. , 147, 148. ] || As used in answers to express surprise, often with irony : veron’ ? itane vero ? (e. g. , non novi adolescentem vostrum. veron’ ? Serio, Plaut. , Truc. , 2, 2, 47) ain’ tu? (ironical). || Restrictive (opposing a person or thing spoken of to others), quidem : equidem (the latter as an affirmation made by a speaker about himself or things relating to himself : its use with any but the first person being exceptional, it is better to avoid such use. It is very common with puto, arbitror, credo, scio [Pr. Intr. , ii. , 552- 555]). || Concessive : indeed, . . . but yet, quidem. . . sed tamen (e. g. , that is a poor consolation indeed, but, etc. , misera est quidem illa consolatio, sed tamen, etc. ) : etsi. . . tamen (e. g. , etsi non sum doctus, tamen intelligo, I am not, indeed a learned man, but yet I understand, etc. ) : non. . . ille quidem. . . sed (tamen) : sometimes autem, verum, veruntamen (especially when of two attributes one is conceded ; bellum non injustum illud quidem, suis tamen chibus exitiabile : philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc. So with adverbs, enucleate ille quidem, et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem, etc. Sometimes with verbs, joco uti quidem illo licet, sed, etc. ). The ille quidem are sometimes omitted ; e. g. , cum S. Nævio, viro bono, veruntamen non ita instituto, ut, etc.
INDEFATIGABLE, assiduus (active without ceasing) : impiger (not fearing or minding any trouble). Indefatigable industry, assidnitas : impigritas (Cicero, Non. , p. 125, 20).
INNDEFATIGABLY, assidue (Cf. , assiduo is not classical) : impigre.
INDEFEASIBLE, irrevocabilis : in perpetuum ratus (valid, etc. , forever).
INNDEFENSIBILITY, by circumlocution with defendi non posse. κυρικιμασαηικο
INDEFENSIBLE, by circumlocution with defendi non posse (both properly and of maintaining the propriety of anything, etc. ) : teneri non posse (of a military post, etc. ).
INNDEFINITE, incertus (uncertain) : dubius (doubtful) : suspensus et obscurus (uncertain, dark, etc. ; e. g. , verba, Tacitus, Ann. , 1, 10, 2) : ambiguus (capable of two meanings ; oracula). The indefinite pronoun, pronomen infinitum or indefinitum (Grammaticus).
INNDEFINITELY, dubie (doubtfully) : in incertum (to an indefinite time).
INNDELIBILITY, by circumlocution with deleri or elui non posse.
INDELIBLE, indelibilis (Ovidius, Met. , 15, 876, and Pont. 2, 8, 25), or, by circumlocution, quod deleri non potest (unextinguishable, imperishable) : quod elui non potest (that can not be whitewashed, or washed out, as it were, or effaced ; e. g. , a spot in anybody’s character, macula).
INNDELICACY, Vid. INDECENCY.
INDELICATE, parum verecundus (violating decorum, etc ; e. g. , verba) : inurbanus (violating the laws of politeness ; e. g. , dictum) : inhonestus (dishonorable, immoral ; opposed to honestus) : illiberalis (not becoming a free-born man, a gentleman ; e. g. , jocus) : turpis (disgraceful).
INNDELICATELY, parum verecunde : indecore (Cf. , indecenter, post-classical) : indigne : inhoneste : turpiter.
INDELICATENESS, Vid. INDELICACY.
INDEMNIFICATION, * impensæ pecuniæ restitutio (for money laid out) : * damni restitutio (indemnification for injury suffered) : compensatio (compensation ; cf. Cicero, Tusc. , 5, 33, extr. ) : or, by circumlocution with damnum pensare, compensare, sarcire, resarcire, restituere. For some indemnification, ut damnum aliquo modo compensetur.
INDEMNIFY, alicui damnum restituere or præstare : for anything, aliquid alicui compensare (aliqua re) : to indemnify one’s self, damnum or detrimentum sarcire, resarcire, or restituere : damnum compensare : by anything, aliqua re : damnum suum levare (to lighten one’s loss) : sometimes remunerari aliquem præmio (if by a present ; cf. Cæsar, B. G. , 1, 44). To indemnify anybody for the loss of one honor by conferring another upon him, alicui pro honore honos redditus est.
INDEMNITY, || Indemnification, vid. || Act of indemnity. Vid. AMNESTY.
INDENT, serratim scindere (cut like a saw, Appuleius, Herb. , 2). Vid. NOTCH, JAG.
INDENTURE, pacti et conventi formula (general term for formula in which an agreement is drawn up), or * pacti formula, qua se aliquis alicui in disciplinam tradidit (of the indentures of an apprentice).
INNDEPENDENCE, libertas (opposed to servitus) : arbitrium liberum (the liberty of acting after one’s own will; opposed to alius voluntas). To deprive anybody of his independence, alicui libertatem eripere : to lose one’s independence, libertatem perdere or amittere : to have lost one’s independence, servire : servitutem pati. || An independence (= sufficient income), facultates quæ aliquem sustinent : pecunia, quæ necessarios sumtus suppeditet or quæ perpetuos sumtus suppeditet, nec solum necessarios, sed etiam liberales (Cicero. ) : sui nummi (opposed to debt, æs alienum). To have an independence ; vid. “to have an INDEPENDENT property. ”
INDEPENDENT, sui juris (his own master) : sui potens (not obliged to give an account of his actions, Livius, 26, 13) : liber et solutus : solutus et liber (free, unfettered by any obligation). To be independent, sui juris or suæ potestatis or in sua potestate esse : integræ ac solidæ libertatis esse (to be quite one’s own master) ; nemini parere (to obey or care about nobody) ; ad suum arbitrium vivere (to live after one’s own will). To be independent of external circumstances, non aliunde pendere nec extrinsecus aut bene aut male Vivendi suspensas habere rationes (Cicero, ad Fam. , 5, 13, 1) ; absolute vivere (Cicero, Fin. , 3, 7, 26) : many states that had till then remained independent, multæ civitates, quæ in illum diem ex æquo egerant (Tacitus, Agr. , 20, 3) : to make myself independent, in libertatem se vindicare : an independent property, facultates, quæ aliquem sustinent : a man of small but independent property, modicus facultatibus (Plinius, Ep. , 6, 32, 2) : to be a person of independent property, in bonis esse ; in possessione bonorum esse (to have properly) ; in suis nummis esse (opposed to in ære alieno esse, to be in debt) ; habet aliquis, quî or unde utatur ; also, pecuniam habere, quæ necessarios sumtus suppeditet, or (if it will allow of a liberal expenditure), pecuniam habere, quæ perpetuos sumtus suppeditet, nec solum necessarios, sed etiam liberales (Cicero). || Independents (as a sect), * qui singulos Christianorum cœtus sui juris esse volunt.
INDEPENDENTLY, absolute (e. g. , vivere) : arbitrio suo (e. g. , facere aliquid), or ad arbitrium suum (e. g. , vivere ; both = “according to one’s own will”) : singillatim (singly ; each by itself ; not in connection with other things). Independently of anything, * illud non spectans or respiciens (without reference to it ; e. g. , to say or consider anything). To live independently ; vid. ” to be INDEPENDENT” (of external circumstances).
INNDESCRIBABLE, inenarrabilis (e. g. , labor) : incredibilis (incredible ; e. g. , lætitia) : singularis (peculiar in its kind, extraordinary ; e. g. , fides, crudelitas). Your letter has caused me indescribable pleasure, exprimere non possum, quanto gaudio me affecerint tuæ literæ.
INDESCRIBABLY, supra quam enarrari potest (e. g. , eloquens) : supra quam ut describi facile possit (e. g. , eximius, handsome).
INNDESTRUCTIBILITY, by circumlocution with dirui, everti, turbari, etc. , non posse.
INDESTRUCTIBLE, quod dirui or everti non potest : quod turbari, perturbari non potest (that is incapable of being disturbed).
INNDETERMINATE, Vid. INDEFINITE.
INDETERMINATELY, Vid. INDEFINITELY.
INDETERM1NATENESS, Vid. INDEFINITENESS.
INDEX, || Of a book, index (for which catalogus is late). An alphabetical index of (e. g. , rivers), amnium in literas digesta nomina (Vib. , Sequ. ) : to enter into an index, in indicem referre : indexs, indices librorum. || Hand of a watch, gnomon (on a sun-dial) : virgula horarum index (general term, after Plinius, 18, 37, 67). || IMPROPR. , imago : index (the former as reflecting anything ; the latter as indicating or betraying its nature : e. g. , imago animi vultus, indices oculi, Cicero) : janua (as opening and disclosing it to view : frons, quæ est animi janua, Cicero).
INNDIAN-INK, * atramentum chinense.
INDIAN-RUBBER,
* gummi elasticum.
INDICATE, Vid. “to be an INDICATION of. ”
INDICATION, indicium (mark, etc. , by which anything is disclosed, detected) : vestigium (trace) : nota (mark). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) nota et vestigium, and (in plural) indicia et vestigia (e. g. , of poison, veneni) : significatio alicujus rei (a manifestation of some feeling, etc. ; e. g. , virtutis, timoris) : To follow up the indications of anything, vestigia alicujus rei persequi : to be an indication of, etc. , indicare : indicio or indicium esse.
INDICATIVE MOOD, fatendi modus : modus indicarivus (Grammaticus).
INNDICT, properly, delationem nominis postulare in aliquem (i. e. , to ask the prætor for permission to proceed against a person) : * delationem nominis a judicibus selectis postulare in aliquem. Vid. To ACCUSE ; ” to bring an ACTION against. ”
INDICTABLE, (res) accusabilis (Ochsner, Cicero, Ecl. , p. 105). Sometimes pœna or supplicio dignus (the latter, of the severest punishment) : animadvertendus (to be noticed, and visited with punishment). Anything is indictable or not indictable, est alicujus rei (ulla) or nulla actio. A person’s conduct is indictable, est actio in aliquem INDICTMENT, libellus (post-Augustan ; Cf. , not accusatorius libellus) : nominis delatio. To prefer an indictment against anybody, * delationem nominis a judicibus selectis postulare in aliquem : libellum de aliquo dare (Plinius, Ep. , 7, 27, 11) : to frame or draw up an indictment, libellum formare (Paullus, Dig. , 48, 2, 3) or componere et formare († Juvenalis). To find an indictment (i. e. , to find it a true bill), alicui delationem dare (the dative being the name of the prosecutor, whom the jury, by their finding, allow to prosecute, Cicero, Div. in Cœcil. , 15, 49).
INNDIFFERENCE, neglectio, contemptio, despicientia alicujus rei (contempt for it, utter disregard of it ; always with genitive of thing) : irreverentia (want of a respectful or proper appreciation of anything, alicujus rei ; e. g. , studiorum, Plinius, Ep. , 6, 2, 5 ; cf. Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 31, 2) : æquus animus : æquitas animi (undisturbed, unagitated state of mind) : securitas (the state of feeling no anxiety) : dissolutus animus [vid. quotation appended to dissolutus in INDIFFERENT] : lentitudo (phlegmatic indifference ; e. g. , to wrongs done to one’s self or one’s neighbor , cf. Cicero, ad Quint. Fr. , 1, 1, No. 13, § 38) : ἀδιαφορία (in Greek letters, Cicero, Att. , 2, 17 ; of indifference to political affairs) : animus durus (hard- heartedness) : frigus : animus alienatus ab aliquo (coldness which one manifests to anybody ; e. g. , to a former friend). Τo bear anything with indifference, æquo animo ferre or pati aliquid ; lente ferre aliquid. The prevailing indifference to religion, hæc, quæ nunc tenet seculum, negligentia deum.
INDIFFERENT, || Neutral as to good or evil : of a middling quality ; nec bonus, nec malus : indifferens (neither good nor bad, both Cicero, Fin. , 3, 16, 53 ; but the last only as an attempted translation of the Greek : ἀδιάφορον) : medius : qui (quæ, quod) neque laudari per se neque vituperari potest (holding the mean between what deserves censure on the one hand and blame on the other, Quintilianus, 2, 20, 1) : mediocris (moderate ; indifferently good ; e. g. , sunt bona, sunt quædam mediocria, sunt mala plura) : neuter (neither morally good nor bad : indifferent in a moral sense ; only, of course, when “good” and “bad” are mentioned ; e. g. , quid bonum sit, quid malum, quid neutrum, and what indifferent, Cicero, Divin. , 2, 4). || Unconcerned, securus (without any anxiety on the subject) : dissolutus (phlegmatic, letting everything take its own course ; e. g. , quis tam dissoluto animo est, qui hæc quum videat, tacere ac negligere possit? Cicero, Rosc. Am. , 11, 32) : lentus (slow to receive impressions, to feel sympathy, or take interest in anything ; in a bad sense ; cf. Drak. and Fabri, Livius, 22, 14). An indifferent look, vultus non mutatus : to put on an indifferent look, vultum non mutare : it is indifferent to me whether, nihil mea interest or refert (utrum, etc. Vid. Zumpt, 449) : I am indifferent to anybody or anything, aliquid, or aliquem non, or nihil curo ; aliquid or aliquis mihi non cordi est ; aliquid ad curam meam non pertinet ; aliquid or aliquem negligo ; de aliqua re non laboro (I feel no care or anxiety about anything ; do not trouble, myself about it) : aliqua re non moveor (am not affected by it ; e. g. , to be indifferent to money, pecunia, non moveri) : aliquid or aliquem despicio or contemno (think it or him beneath my notice). He is indifferent to the opinions of others, negligit or nihil curat, quid de se quisque sentiat : I am not indifferent to anything, aliquid mihi curæ or non sine cura est ; aliquid ad curam meam pertinet ; aliquid a me non alienum puto : I am not indifferent to the breach of the treaty, non pro nihilo mihi est fœdus rumpi (†) : I have grown indifferent to pain, obduruit animus ad dolorem novum : to be indifferent, in neutram partem moveri (a philosophical technical term, Cicero, Acad. , 2, 42, 130) : I am indifferent to the attractions of a place, alicujus loci voluptates inoffensus transmitto : I am indifferent to everything but your safety, nihil laboro nisi ut salvus sis (Cicero).
INNDIFFERENTLY, || Without distinction, sine discrimine : promiscue : (with reference to persons), nullius habita ratione ; delectu omni ac discrimine remoto ; omissis auctoritatibus. || Impartially, vid. || Without emotion, etc. , æquo animo (with undisturbed mind) : lente (with sluggish indifference). || Tolerably (well, etc. ), commode (e. g. , saltare, Nepos) : satis (e. g. , literatus ; both = ” indifferently well ;” i. e. , expressing considerable progress or merit) : modice (e. g. , locuples) : mediocriter (e. g. , disertus).
INDIGENCE, (Cf. , Not indigentia = “need, ” “necessity” or “inexplebilis libido, ” Cicero) Vid. POVERTY.
INDIGENT, indigens (e. g. , indigentibus benigne facere, Cicero, Off. , 2, 15, 52). Vid. POOR.
INDIGESTED, Vid. UNDIGESTED.
INDIGESTIBLE, difficilis concoctu or ad concoquendum : valentissimus (opposed to imbecillimus ; Celsus, 2, 18, with reference to fitness for invalids) : quod difficillime transit sumtum : reses in corpore (both Varro, R. R. , 2, 11, 3).
INDIGESTION, cruditas.
INDIGNANT, indignabundus (full of indignation) : subiratus (a little angry) : iratus (angry) : iniquus (in an unfavorable humor or disposition of mind). To be indignant (e. g. , at anybody’s conduct), alicui stomachari or irasci : to become indignant, irasci ; with anything, indignari aliquid (to consider anything unworthy) : iniquo animo ferre aliquid (not to bear anything with indifference). To become indignant at, etc. , indignari, quod, etc. , or with accusative and infinitive.
INDIGNANTLY, indignabundus (adjective, Livius ; not Cæsar or Cicero) : indignans (or indignatus) aliquid (accusative of the cause being expressed) : irato animo : iracunde (angrily). To look indignantly at anybody, * iratis oculis or truci vultu aliquem intueri.
INDIGNATION, indignatio : indignitas (displeasure felt at anything unworthy, unbecoming, improper), alicujus rei : stomachus (vexation, chagrin) : bilis : ira (a higher degree of dissatisfaction or anger at some suffered wrong or injury ; it is often a consequence of “indignitas, ” cf. Livius, 5, 45, 6 : “indignitas, ” atque ex eâ ira animos cepit). Somewhat of indignation, indignatiuncula : with indignation, animo iniquo or irato ; indignabundus : with bitter or vehement indignation, indignatione quâdam exacerbatus (after Livius, 2, 35, extr. ) : to cause or rouse indignation, indignationem movere : to rouse anybody’s indignation, alicui stomachum or bilem movere : to draw upon one’s self anybody’s indignation, alicujus indignationem in se convertere : the indignation increases, indignitas crescit ; manifests itself, indignatio erumpit : to show one’s indignation against anybody, indignationem or indignatiunculam apud aliquem effundere.
INDIGNITY, indignitas (also in plural). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) (in plural) indignitates contumeliæque. To submit to the trouble and indignity of anything, alicujus rei (or aliquid faciendi) indignitatem et molestiam perferre (Cicero) : to bear all manner of indignities, omnes indignitates contumeliasque perferre (Cæsar) : to be driven to do anything by all manner of iindignities, omnibus indignitatibus compulsum esse (ad aliquid faciendum, Livius). Vid. INSULT, s.
INDIGO, indicum (Plinius) : color indicus (as color). The indigo plant, * indigofera (Linnæus).
INNDIRECT, quod circuitione quadam (or per ambages) fit : obliquus (e. g. , orationes, Suetonius ; insectatio, Tacitus) : perplexus (e. g. , sermones, Livius). Indirect taxes, * vectigalia circuitione quadam pendenda, solvenda ; or vectigalia only (as being ultimately paid by the consumer) : indirect discourse (in Grammaticus), * oratio non directa.
INDIRECTLY, circuitione quadam or per ambages (in an indirect manner) : oblique (e. g. , perstringere aliquem) : tecte : perplexe. Epicurus denies indirectly the existence of the gods, Epicurus circuitione quadam deos tollit.
INDISCERNIBLE, Vid. INVISIBLE.
INDISCERPTIBLE, quod dirimi distrahive non potest, quod discerpi
non potest : quod nec secerni, nec dividi, nec discerpi, nec distrahi potest (Cicero, Tusc. 1, 29, 71).
INNDISCREET, Vid. IMPRUDENT.
INDISCREETLY, Vid. IMPRUDENTLY.
INDISCRETION, Vid. IMPRUDENCE.
INDISCRIMINATE, promiscuus (e. g. , omnium generum cædes, Tacitus), or by circumlocution with nullius rationem habere ; delectum omnem ac discrimen tollere.
INDISCRIMINATELY, Vid. INDIFFERENTLY.
INDISPENSABLE, necessarius ; for anything, ad aliquid. Quite indispensable, pernecessarius : maxime necessarius : anything is indispensable to me, aliqua re carere non possum : to show that anything is indispensable to us, nos aliqua re carere non posse probare.
INDISPENSABLY, necessario. Indispensably necessary, * prorsus or omnino necessarius.
INDISPOSE, || To make a person disinclined, etc. , abducere aliquem or alicujus animum ab aliqua re (to draw anybody away from a pursuit, object of interest, etc. ) : deducere aliquem de or ab aliqua re (to draw him off from it ; improperly de animi lenitate : ab acerbitate, etc. ). to indispose anybody to another, aliquem or alicujus voluntatem ab aliquo abalienare : aliquem ab alicujus amicitia avertere (Cæsar). To be indisposed to anything, alienari alicui rei (Cicero) ; abhorrere or alienum esse ab aliqua re : to anybody, averso or alieno ab aliquo animo esse : indisposed to anybody or anything, aversus ab aliquo or ab aliqua re (e. g. , a vero ; a ratione ; a Musis ; also, alicui rei, Horatius, Quintilianus) ; alienus ab aliquo or ab aliqua re : alicui inimicus : Not to be indisposed to believe, inclinato ad aliquid credendum animo esse : not to be indisposed to do anything, haud displicet, with infinitive.
INDISPOSED, morbo tentatus. [Vid. POORLY. ] To be slightly indisposed, leviter ægrotare : to become indisposed, levi motiuncula tentari (Suetonius, Vesp. , 24).
INNDISPOSITION, || Slight disorder, invaletudo (only Cicero, Att. , 7, 2) : commotiuncula : levis motiuncula (Cicero, Att. , 12, 11, extr. ; Suetonius, Vesp. , 24) : offensa : aliquid offensæ (post-Augustan ; si quid offensæ in cœna sensit, Celsus, 1, 6). To have an indisposition, [vid. “to be INDISPOSED”]. || Disinclination, vid. INDISPUTABLE, non refutatus (cf. Walch. , Tac. , Agr. , p. 352) : perspicuus (evident) : certus (certain ; to assume a doubtful and disputed fact as an indisputable truth, sumere pro certo, quod dubium controversumque sit, Cicero) ; or by circumlocution : quod perspicuum est constatque inter omnes or et quod constare inter omnes necesse est (Cicero, Invent. , 1, 36, 62). It is an indisputable fact, etc. , constat (inter omnes), etc. : the fact is indisputable, factum constat : if the fact is indisputable, si de facto constet (Quintilianus, i. e. , if there is no doubt the crime, etc. , was committed) : Cf. , insolubilis, post-Augustan, (Quintilianus, signum ; one the adversary cannot remove or get rid of).
INNDISPUTABLY, sine controversia : sine ulla controversia : certo : sine dubio (certainly, without doubt ; both denoting the subjective certainty of the individual) : haud dubie : certe (infallibly, denoting objective certainty) : videlicet (evidently, clearly ; calls attention to an obvious truth). Vid. CERTAINLY.
INDISSOLUBILITY, by circumlocution, with dissolvi, etc. , non posse.
INDISSOLUBLE, indissolubilis (properly ; e. g. , a knot, nodus, post-Augustan) : inexplicabilis (properly, of shackles, vinculum ; then figuratively = inexplicable, etc. ) : æternus (everlasting ; e. g. , fetters, vincula).
INNDISSOLUBLY, indissolubiliter : insolubiliter (both late ; the former, Claudius, Mam. ; the latter, Macrobius) : by circumlocution with dissolvi non posse ; or indissolubili nodo (Plinius).
INNDISTINCT, minus clarus (not clear ; not easily perceived by the eyes or ears) : obscurus (dark, unintelligible ; oratio, verba, etc. ) : perplexus (confused ; enigmatic ; responsum, sermones) : confusus (confused ; e. g. , clamor). An indistinct hand, literæ minus compositæ nee claræ (after Cicero, Att. , 6, 9, 1) : indistinct utterance, os confusum (opposed to os planum or explanatum) : an indistinct voice, vox obtusa (thick ; opposed to vox clara) : vox perturbata (inarticulate ; opposed to explanabilis).
INNDISTINCTION, obscuritas (obscurity, darkness).
INNDISTINCTLY, minus clare : obscure (e. g. , dicta, Quintilianus ; very indistinctly, obscure admodum ; e. g. , cernere, Cicero) : perplexe (e. g. , loqui). To pronounce letters or words indistinctly, literas dicendo obscurare (not to give them their clear, proper sound) ; literas opprimere (not to let them be heard, Cicero, Off. , 1, 37, 6) ; verba devorare (to slur them over ; only to half-pronounce, Quintilianus, 11, 3, 33 ; Seneca, De Ira, 3, 14, end).
INNDISTINGUISHABLE, || Not distinguishable, difficilis ad distinguendum (hard to distinguish) : quod non distinguitur : quæ internosci non possunt (things which cannot be known, the one from the other). Anything is indistinguishable from anything, aliquid ab aliqua re distingui ac separari, or dijudicari et distingui or separari et internosci non potest ; nihil interest inter (there is no difference between). || Invisible, vid.
INDIVIDUAL, adjective, proprius : singularis [vid. OWN] : to be true to one’s own individual character, naturam propriam sequi. || Indivisible, vid.
INDIVIDUAL, s. , To be translated by persona : three individuals (at a time), ternæ personæ (Suetonius, Ner. , 1) : to have a different effect upon different individuals, in personis varie respondere : Individuals, homines singuli : res singulæ, or singula, -orum (of things) : Cf. , not individuum, individua, which are only used of atoms.
INDIVIDUALITY, * singularis or propria alicujus hominis (or rei) ratio or conditio (external individuality) : natura propria (internal).
INNDIVIDUALLY, singulatim (one by one) : per singula (opposed to turba, ” collectively ;” rerum repetitio. . . etiamsi per singula minus moverant, turba valet, Quintilianus).
INNDIVISIBILITY, * individua natura.
INDIVISIBLE, individuus : quod dividi non potest : quod secari non potest (not able to be cut into pieces). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) quod secari et dividi non potest : quod dirimi distrahive non potest (indiscerptible) : bodies that are indivisible, corpuscula individua.
IN DIVISIBLY, by circumlocution, * ita ut dividi non possit.
INDOCILE,
INDOCIBLE, indocilis (unteachable).
INDOCILITY, ingenium indocile.
INDOLENCE, inertia : lentitudo : patientia [SYN. in INDOLENT]. Vid. LAZINESS.
IN DOLENT, ignavus : iners : piger : socors (= secors, who has no susceptibility, and so puts no heart in his work ; in Cicero, it is only used of a sluggish intellect, etc. ) : deses (Livius, ; not Cicero, Cæsar, or Sallustius ; nor in Augustan poets) : segnis (from sequi, one who follows, but never leads ; slow, backward; opposed to promtus, forward. In Cicero and Cæsar only once, and that in comparative) ; tardus et parum efficax (Cœlius, ap. Cic. ) [SYN. in IDLE]: lentus (slow to receive impressions, to be stirred by wrongs done to one’s self or others ; not easily prevailed upon to act).
INNDUBITABLE, Vid. UNDOUBTED, CERTAIN, INDISPUTABLE.
INDUBITABLY, Vid. INDISPUTABLY.
INDUCE, || Persuade, move, etc. , adducere ad aliquid (often with the gerund ; also with ut ; to lead to) : inducere ad aliquid (often with gerund ; also with ut ; mostly to something bad or hurtful) : persuadere alicui, ut, etc. (to persuade him) : commovere aliquem ad aliquid (to move him to it) : incitare or concitare aliquem ad aliquid (to excite him to it) : auctorem esse, ut ; impellere aliquem , ut, etc. (to urge him, etc. ). You induce me to agree with you, adducis me, ut tibi assentiar (Cicero) : to be induced to do anything by the prospect of gain, induci aliquo emolumento ad agendum aliquid : not to be easily induced to believe, non facile adduci ad credendum. I shall not be induced to believe this, hoc quidem non adducar, ut credam. || Introduce, cause, importare : inferre ; sometimes facere, afferre, commovere (e. g. , dolorem). || Introduce in a dialogue, play, etc. (“he induced his personages, ” etc. Pope), inducere (e. g. , Epicurus. . . deos induxit perlucidos et perflabiles, Cicero).
INNDUCEMENT, incitamentum (that which incites anybody to anything ; e. g. , periculorum, laborum ; also, ad honeste moriendum, Curtius) : irritamentum (of what excites the mind ; e. g. , pacis, Tacitus ; malorum, Ovidius ; Cf. , probably not Cicero) : stimulus (goad, spur, sharp inducement) : illecebræ (enticements) : causa (reason) : consilii motus (motive ; Plinius, Ep. , 3, 4, 9) : impulsus (impulse).
INNDUCT, * sacerdotem inaugurare ; or * sollemni more beneficium alicui demandare.
INDUCTION, || In logic, the founding a general conclusion upon a multitude of observed particulars, inductio (ἐπαγωγή ; Quintilianus uses it to describe the Socratic method of inferring a general conclusion from particular concessions made by one’s opponent, 5, 11). Sometimes * observatio singulorum may help. || The putting a clergyman in possession of a benefice, inductio (Codex Theodosianus, p. 769, ed. Bonn. ).
INNDUCTIVE,
* ex observatione singulorum repertus (after Quintilianus, 2, 17, 9, medicina ex observatione salubrium. . . reperta est).
INNDUE, Vid. ENDUE.
INDULGE, PROPR. , indulgere (alicui or alicui rei) : indulgentia tractare aliquem (to treat anybody with indulgence). To indulge anybody very much, magna esse in aliquem indulgentia : one’s self too much, nimis sibi indulgere ; his soldiers too much, laxiore imperio milites habere. || To give way to (passions), indulgere (e. g. , iræ, Livius) : alicui rei se dare, dedere, or tradere : dare animum alicui rei (e. g. , mærori, to indulge his grief) : non cohibere (not to restrain ; e. g. , se ; effrenatas suas libidines, Cicero) : to indulge one’s (lustful) passions, libidinibus se dare ; one’s sensual appetites, voluptatibus servire, se tradere ; corporis voluptatibus (totum) se dedere ; one’s appetite, ventri obedire (to be the slave of one’s belly). || Absolutely. To indulge in anything, indulgere alicui rei ; in eating and drinking, cibo se vinoque invitare (on a particular occasion) : bene curare ætatem suam (to make one’s self comfortable ; Plautus, Pseud. , 4, 7, 34) : bene curare cutem (literally, to make one’s self sleek by good eating and drinking, Horatius, Ep. , 1, 4, 15) : Cf. , not genio indulgere.
INDULGENCE, indulgentia : clementia : benignitas [SYN. in INDULGENT] : venia (pardon shown to error, or to persons in error). To show indulgence to, etc. , indulgere alicui or alicui rei (e. g. , to a debtor, debitori ; to anybody’s faults, alicujus peccatis) : veniam dare alicui or alicui rei (to grant pardon, e. g. , errori) [cf. To INDULGE] : to show indulgence to anything, connivere in aliqua re (to wink at) : gratiam facere alicujus rei (to concede) : to treat anybody with indulgence, indulgentia tractare or indulgenter habere aliquem ; indulgere alicui : to treat anybody with much indulgence, magna esse in aliquem indulgentia : to treat anybody with too much indulgence, nimis or nimium alicui indulgere ; one’s self, nimis sibi indulgere. || An indulgence (ecclesiastical), venia Pontificis Romani ; venia delictorum or peccatorum (Cf. , indulgentia, used by ecclesiastical writers, is not to be recommended) : to grant an indulgence, veniam alicui et impunitatem dare (Cicero, Phil. , 8, 11, 32) : to obtain an indulgence, veniam peccatorum impetrare : a letter of indulgence, * literæ or libellus veniarum. Sale of indulgences, veniarum nundinatio (vid. Cicero, Rull. , 1, 3, 9) : to sell indulgences, * Pontificis Romani veniam nundinari. A seller of indulgences, * nundinator veniarum ; veniarum venditor. Money paid for indulgences, or raised by the sale of indulgences, nummi ob veniam Pontificis Romani impetrandam dati (after Cicero, Verr. , 5, 51, extr. ).
INNDULGENT, indulgens (one whose habit it is to take things in good part, and to grant even what he thinks ought to be refused ; e. g. , a father toward children, a prince toward favorites ; opposed to severus) : clemens (one who, from a spirit of forbearance and humanity, acts mercifully toward those who deserve punishment ; e. g. , a judge ; opposed to severus, crudelis) : benignus (general term ; kind, good-natured ; hence, also, indulgent toward those who are blamable or guilty ; e. g. , a judge, hearer ; opposed to malignus) : facilis in accipienda satisfactione (ready to receive excuses and apologies). Very indulgent, perindulgens (opposed to acerbe severus) : too indulgent, nimis indulgens ; in an indulgent manner ; vid. INDULGENTLY.
INDULGENTLY, indulgenter : clementer : benigne. Cf. “with INDULGENCE. ”
INDURATE, Vid. To HARDEN.
INDUSTRIOUS, industrius (of a restless activity, laborious, fond of labor ; opposed to iners, segnis) : navus (quick, active, that goes quickly to work without loss of time ; opposed to ignavus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) navus et industrius ; industrius et acer : assiduus (constant, assiduous ; keeping up one’s activity to the end) : sedulus (busy, active, that employs every moment considerately to some useful purpose ; opposed to piger ; often = “bustling;” of a housewife, etc. ) : diligens (one who with care and accuracy attends to the object he is pursuing ; opposed to negligens) : studiosus alicujus rei (of him who pursues a task, especially a menial one, with zeal, predilection, often even with passion ; always with genitive of the object ; hence, “a very industrious scholar, ” not discipulus studiosissimus, without adding literarum, bonarum artium, etc. ) : curiosus (that bestows a care bordering on anxiety on even the most trivial things) : impiger (that feels no weariness or disgust even in a long, oppressive labor) : Very industrious, qui singulari est industria : to be industrious in anything, diligentem esse in re (rarely diligentem esse alicujus rei, which occurs more frequently in the meaning, to love or value anything) : in an industrious manner ; [vid. INDUSTRIOUSLY]. The Latins also frequently express “industrious” by frequentative verbs ; as, “to be industrious in writing, ” scriptitare. κυρικιμασαηικο
INDUSTRIOUSLY, industrie : assidue : sedulo : diligenter : studiose : industriously made or done, accuratus (used of the production of the diligens). To attend the schools industriously, circa scholas et auditoria professorum assiduum esse : to study industriously, studiose discere : to pursue one’s studies industriously, studia urgere.
INDUSTRY, industria (habitual industry of an elevated kind ; opposed to segnitia) : navitas (habitual industry of a useful kind ; e. g. , inbusiness ; opposed to ignavia) : labor (laborious exertion). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) industria et labor : opera (the mental and bodily activity bestowed upon anything) : assiduitas (constancy, endurance in a business) : sedulitas (activity, bustling disposition) impigritas (unwearied application, etc. , Cicero, ap. Non. , 125, 20) : diligentia (care and attention in doing one’s work). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) industria et diligentia : studium (internal impulse, inclination for an occupation). A composition shows much industry and care, together with much learning, in libro multa industria et diligentia comparet, multa doctrina : a person shows remarkable industry in anything, in aliqua re singulari est industria. (both Nepos, Cat. , 3, 1 and 4) : to feel the want of anybody’s industry and care, desiderare alicujus industriam et diligentiam : to bestow industry upon anything, industriam locare, diligentiam adhibere, studium collocare in re ; industriam ponere, exponere in re ; operam in re locare, ponere, in rem conferre ; operam alicui rei tribuere ; operam (laborem) ad or in aliquid impendere : to show all possible industry, omnes industriæ nervos intendere : to follow any pursuit or business with the greatest possible industry, omnem industriam or diligentiam ponere in re ; omne studium conferre in aliquid ; omni cogitatione et curâ incumbere in aliquid ; totum animum atque diligentiam ponere in re ; totum se conferre ad studium alicujus rei ; totum et mente et animo insistere in aliquid : to pursue an object with great industry, multum studii adhibere ad aliquid ; operæ plurimum studiique in aliqua re consumere ; magnum studium et multam operam conferre ad aliquid ; multum operæ laborisque in re consumere ; multo sudore et labore facere aliquid ; desudare et laborare in re : to rouse one’s industry, industriam acuere : my industry shall not be wanting in it, mea industria in ea re non deerit : with industry [vid. INDUSTRIOUSLY]. || A school of industry, * schola artium fovendarum causa instituta.
INEBRIATE, Vid. INTOXICATE.
INEBRIATION, Vid. INTOXICATION.
INEFFABLE, Vid. UNUTTERABLE.
INEFFABLY, Vid. UNUTTERABLY.
INEFFECTIVE,
INEFFECTUAL, invalidus (invalid, without power or effect ; opposed to fortis, valens ; e. g. medicament : Cf. , inefficax, not before Silver Age) : inutilis (unfit ; not to the purpose, opposed to utilis, saluber), alicui rei.
INEFFECTUALLY, Vid. ” in VAIN. ”
INEFFICACIOUS, Vid. INEFECTUAL, WEAK.
INEFFICACY, imbecillitas : infirmitas (weakness) ; or by circumlocution with parum valere (contra aliquid, if the measures are opposed to something) : minus or nihil valere (to have too little or no strength) : parvo ad aliquid (or ad aliquid faciendum) momento esse, etc. He complains of the inefficacy of the remedy, * queritur imbecillius esse remedium, quam morbum.
INELEGANCE, * inelegans alicujus rei natura ;inconcinnitas (want of symmetry, etc. , sententiarum, Suetonius, Oct. , 86).
INELEGANT, inelegans (Cicero, only with negative, non inelegans) : invenustus : inconcinnus. Vid. UNADORNED.
INELEGANTLY, ineleganter (Cicero, only with negative, non ineleganter scriptus, Cicero) : invenuste (with non, Quintilianus) : Cf. , inconcinne, inconcinniter, both post-classical.
INELOQUENT, indisertus : infacundus [SYN. of disertus, facundus, in ELOQUENT] : lingua impromtus (Livius).
INNELOQUENTLY, indiserte. Not ineloquently, non indiserte (Cicero). Cf. , infæcunde not found.
INEQUALITY, inæqualitas (Varro, Quintilianus, Columella ; not Cicero or Cæsar).
INNERT, iners (also of things). Vid. IDLE, etc.
INERTIA, The “vis inertiæ, ” * vis illa inertiæ, quam vocant philosophi (for the sake of perspicuity) or perhaps contentio
suæ gravitatis (after Cicero, N. D. , tanta contentio gravitatis et ponderum, 2, 45, 116). By the “vis inertiæ, ” nixu suo ; * (ipsa) suæ gravitatis contentione.
INERTLY, Vid. IDLY.
INESTIMABLE, inæstimabilis (properly, that can not be valued ; improperly, Livius) : eximius : præstans : excellens : singularis (figuratively, excellent ; SYN. in EXCELLENT).
INNESTIMABLY, eximie : excellenter : unice.
INEVITABLE, Vid. UNAVOIDABLE.
INEVITABLY, Vid. UNAVOIDABLY.
INEXCUSABLE, quod nihil excusationis habet (e. g. , vitium) : cui venia nulla proponitur (e. g. , erratum, Cicero) : cui ignoscendum non est ; cui ignosci non or nullo modo potest : inexpiabilis (for which no atonement can be made) : qui nulla excusatione se defendere potest (of persons) : cui nulla satis justa excusatio est. To be inexcusable, nihil excusationis habere ; excusationem non habere ; cui nulla venia proponitur (all of things). Anybody was less inexcusable, magis alicui ignoscendum fuit (Cicero). Every citizen who did not attend was held to be inexcusable, nemini civi ulla, quominus adesset, satis justa excusatio visa est (Cicero) : Cf. , inexcusabilis poetical (Horatius, Ovidius), and late (Dig. ).
INNEXHAUSTIBLE, inexhaustus (Vergilius, Æn. , 10, 174 ; of mines. In Cicero, Fin. , 3, 2, 7, it is doubtful ; vid. Görenz and Orelli ad loc. ). My affection was inexhaustible, tantus fuit amor, ut exhauriri non posset.
INEXORABLE, inexorabilis : To be inexorabilis, severum et inexorabilem esse in aliquem ; acerbe severum esse in aliquem.
INNEXPEDIENCY, inutilitas.
INEXPEDIENT, Vid. UNADVISABLE, UNPROFITABLE.
INEXPERIENCE, imperitia (want of knowledge acquired by trial and practice. Cf. , This word is rejected by purists, though frequently occurring in Sallustius and post-Augustan, prose) : inscientia (ignorance, subjectively ; in anything, alicujus rei ; e. g. , in business, negotii gerendi). Vid. IGNORANCE.
INEXPERIENCED, imperitus, in anything, alicujus rei (opposed to peritus ; e. g. , in war, belli) : ignarus, in anything, alicujus rei (one who is yet ignorant ; e. g. , legum, artis) : rudis, in anything, in aliqua re (raw, uninstructed ; e. g. , in public business, in republica ; in jure civili). To be inexpected in anything, non versatum esse in aliqua re ; peregrinum, or hospitem, or peregrinum atque hospitem esse in aliqua re.
INEXPERT, Vid. UNSKILLFUL.
INEXPIABLE, inexpiabilis.
INEXPLICABLE, inexplicabilis.
INEXPRESSIBLE, Vid. UNUTTERABLE.
INEXPRESSIBLY, Vid. UNUTTERABLY.
INEXPRESSIVE, languens : languidus (of the voice, speech, etc. ) : iners (of the eye †).
INNEXTINGUISHABLE, inexstinctus (the proper word, a fire). To burst into peals of inextinguishable laughter, in risum or in cachinnos effundi ; miros risus edere.
INEXTRICABLE, indissolubilis (properly, that cannot be untied, nodus, properly ; post-Augustan) : inextricabilis (e. g. , vincula, laquei ; also, res difficilis et inextricabilis) : unde (or ex aliquo, aliqua, etc. ) nunquam (vix, etc. ) te expedies. To get into an inextricable difficulty, in magnam difficultatem incurrere.
INFALLIBILITY (e. g. , of a remedy), certum remedium. To maintain the infallibility of the pope, * pontificem Romanum errare posse negare ; * pontificem Romanum omni errore carere dicere.
INFALLIBLE, (a) That does not deceive, certus : non dubius (certain, not doubtful) : exploratus (made or found out). (b) Incapable of being deceived, * errori non obnoxius. To be infallible, omni errore carere.
INFALLIBLY, certo (certainly, denotes certainty or persuasion with regard to the subject ; i. e. , subjective certainty) : certe : haud dubie (positively, without doubt, denotes certainty with regard to the object ; i. e. , objective certainty). It will infallibly come to pass, certo fiet ; certe eveniet.
INFAMOUS, famosus (of whom much is spoken, but nothing good) : infamis, on account of anything, ob aliquid (of bad report ; also of things) : insignis, for anything, aliqua re (distinguished before others by a bad quality) : turpis : fœdus (disgraceful, foul). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) turpis et fœdus : ignominiosus (ignominious ; covering a person with disgrace ; of things, fuga) : flagitiosus [highly wicked, criminal, etc ; of persons or things) : inhonestus (immoral, etc). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) turpis et inhonestus : nefarius (unutterably wicked ; of persons or things) : infamia opertus (of persons) : intestabilis (one who has been deprived of his civil rights ; in common life, any infamous person ; cf. Sallustius, Jug. , 67, 2 : Tacitus, Ann. , 15, 55, 5). To be infamous, infamem esse ; male audire : infamia laborare (Jurisconsulti . ) : to be very infamous, infamia flagrare : to become infamous, infamia aspergi : to lead an infamous life, turpe or flagitiose vivere : what an infamous action! o indignum facinus! Infamous actions, res turpes : flagitia : nefaria (neuter adjective). Vid. also, “covered with INFAMY. ”
INFAMOUSLY, turpiter : inhoneste : flagitiose : nefarie : fœde.
INFAMY, infamia (the loss of honor and a good name, in consequence of dishonorable conduct) : ignominia (is rather a disgrace put upon anybody by one in authority ; deprivation of political rights, privileges, etc. , in consequence of a censure from some military or civil magistrate = ἀτιηία). To mark or cover with infamy, aliquem infamia notare ; alicui infamiam irrogare (Jurisconsulti) : aliquem ignominia notare (= to disgrace or degrade, Cæsar). To bear disgrace and infamy without pain, ignominiam atque infamiam ferre sine dolore (Cicero) : to expose anybody to infamy, alicui esse ignominiæ ; infamiam habere (Cæsar, B. G. , 6, 22) : infamiam ferre alicui (Tacitus, Ann. , 12, 4). || Baseness, disgrace (of an action), vid.
INFANCY, prima ætas : prima ætatis tempora (general term) : infantia : infantiæ anni (the time when the child cannot, or can but just speak) : pueritia : ætas puerilis (boyhood) : from infancy, a prima (or ab ineunte) ætate ; a prima infantia (Tacitus, Ann. , 1, 4, 3) : ab initio ætatis ; a primis ætatis temporibus ; a parvo or parvulo : a puero (and in plural, a parvis or parvulis, a pueris, of several, or if one speaks of himself in the plural) ; a teneris, ut Græci dicunt, unguiculis (translation of the Greek ἐξ ἁπαλῶν ὀνύχων, only in epistolary style of Cicero, Fam. , 1, 6, extr. ). To die in his infancy, in cunis occidere (Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 39, 93) . || IMPROPR. , In the sense of imperfect state : e. g. , of arts, etc. , prima initia, plural : incunabula, or quasi or velut incunabula (the cradle ; e. g. , of the oratorical art, de oratoris quasi incunabulis, Cicero ; ab ipsis dicendi velut incunabulis, Quintilianus).
INNFANT, s. , infans : pupus : pupulus (of a male infant) : pupa : pupula (of a female ; these four also as terms of endearment) : Cf. , icuncula puellaris, in some recent editions of Suetonius, Ner. , 56, is a mere conjecture. || Minor, vid. Infant of Spain, * fllius, fllia regis Hispaniæ.
INFANT, adjective, puerilis (e. g. , ætas, tempus) : that infant nation, novus (e. g. , ille populus) ; nascens (opposed to adultus ; e. g. , Athenæ).
INNFANTA, * filia regis Hispaniæ.
INFANTE, * filius regis Hispaniæ.
INFANTICIDE, infantis or infantium cædes. From context, the general term parricidium will often do. Cf. , Infanticidium very late.
INFANTICIDE, || Murderer of her infant, parricida, perhaps with infantis, but from context it will do alone. Cf. , Infanticida quite late.
INFANTINE, puerilis (e. g. , species, blanditiæ).
INNFANTRY, peditatus : pedites : copiæ pedestres : exercitus pedester. The infantry, as opposed to ” cavalry, ” are mostly denoted by the historians simply by exercitus, cohortes, milites ; also by viri, homines ; hence frequently milites equitesque, exercitus equitatusque, exercitus cum equitatu, equites virique, homines equitesque (cf. Herzog, and Mæb. , Cæs. , B. G. , 5, 10 ; 7, 61). Light infantry, pedites levis armaturæ : heavy-armed infantry, pedites gravis armaturæ : gravius peditum agmen (on their march).
INNFATUATE, infatuare (to lead one to commit a folly, a silliness) : occæcare (to blind) : pellicere (to make a fool of by allurements ; of a youth or maiden) : aliquem lactare et falsa spe producere (to feed anybody with false hopes) : decipere (to deceive) : in fraudem impellere.
INFATUATION, cæcitas mentis or animi (mental blinding) : furor (from passion) : sometimes stultitia (folly) : dementia (madness). [Vid. FOLLY. ]Such was his infatuation. , tantus eum furor ceperat ; eo vecordiæ processerat (Sallustius, Jug. , 5) ; processit in id furoris (Velleius, 2, 80).
INNFEASIBILITY, Vid. IMPOSSIBILITY.
INFEASIBLE, Vid. IMPOSSIBLE.
INFECT, transire in alios (properly, to pass over to others ; of diseases). To infect anybody, transire in aliquem (properly, of diseases) : inficere aliquem (to infect, as it were ; figuratively, of vices, etc. ) : others also were infected, contagio morbi etiam in alios vulgata est : to be infected in the same manner, eadem vi morbi repleri. || IMPROPR. , figuratively.
To infect anybody with his vices, vitiis suis inficere aliquem ; vitia sua alicui allinere, affricare (the last, Seneca, Ep. , 7) : to be infected with vices, errors, etc. , infici or imbui vitiis ; imbui erroribus : to be infected with wrong opinions, infici opinionum pravitate : to be infected with the desire of plundering, contagione quadam rapto gaudere : anybody is said to be infected with anything, contagio alicujus rei objectatur alicui (Livius, 9, 34 ; improperly).
INNFECTION, contactus (properly and improperly, as action) : contagio (the infectious disorder itself ; Cf. , contagium unclassical).
INNFECTIOUS, contagiosus (late, but necessary as technical term). An infectious disorder, contagio morbi : pestilentia (pestilence ; pestilential epidemic).
INNFECUNDITY, Vid. BARRENNESS.
INFELICITY, Vid. UNHAPPINESS.
INFER, colligere : concludere (to gather, draw a conclusion) : efficere : conficere (to establish anything as a necessary consequence) ; from anything, ex aliqua re. Hence it may be inferred, ex quo effici cogique potest, etc.
INFERENCE, consecutio (Cicero, Inv. , 1, 29, 45) : consequens (Cicero, Fin. , 4, 24, extr. etc. ) : consectarium (Cicero Fin. , 3, 7, extr. , etc. ) : conclusio (Cicero, Inv. , 1, 29, 45 ; also with addition of rationis) : ratiocinatio (the inference or proof deduced from the syllogism). An acute inference, acute conclusum (Cicero, Fat. , 7, 14). To draw an inference [vid. CONCLUDE]. The whole inference is wrong, tota conclusio jacet : is not this a logical inference? satisne hoc conclusum est?
INFERIOR, inferior (lower ; in rank, number, etc. ) ; in anything, aliqua re (e. g. , in rank, influence, reputation, ordine, auctoritate, existimatione) : a fleet inferior in numbers, pauciora navigia (Bell. Afr. ) : inferior in number of ships, inferior navium numero : inferior forces, pauciores (opposed to plures ; Sallustius, Jug. , 49, 2) : with inferior forces, inferiore militum numero. He was not inferior to his master, non inferior quam magister fuit : inferior to none, haud ulli secundus († ; e. g. , virtute, Vergilius). Our inferiors, inferiores : * ii, qui inferiores sunt (opposed to superiores ; qui superiores sunt) : men envy their equals or inferiors, invident homines paribus aut inferioribus ; cruel to his inferiors, crudelis in inferiores (Auct. Her. , 4, 40).
INFERNAL, infernus (properly and with velut, figuratively ; as veluti infernus aspectus) : terribilis (terrible) : nefandus (figuratively devilish).
INNFERTILITY, Vid. BARRENNESS.
INFEST, infestare : infestum habere (the former mostly post-Augustan). To infest the sea, mare infestum habere (Cicero Att. , 16, 1) : mare infestare latrociniis (Velleius, 2, 73) : to be infested by wild beasts, infestari beluis (Plinius) : the wild beasts by which India is infested, beluæ, quæ in Indiâ gignuntur (Cicero).
INNFIDEL, s. , UNBELIEVING, UNBELIEVER.
INFIDELITY, || Faithlessness, vid. || Unbelief, vid.
INFINITE, infinitus (infinite, without terms or limit ; e. g. , magnitudo, odium, potestas, imperium) : interminatus (infinite, boundless ; e. g. , magnitudo, cupiditas) : insatiabilis (insatiable ; e. g. , cupiditas : avaritia : crudelitas) : immensus (unmeasured, immeasurable ; of any enormous dimension). To feel infinite pleasure, immortaliter gaudere.
INFINITELY, in or ad infinitum (up to an infinite degree) : in or ad immensum (up to an immense height) : nimio plus (Anton, ap. Cic. , amare aliquem). But ” infinitely, ” with comparative notions, may be translated by longe, or longe longeque (cf. Cicero, Fin. , 2, 21 ; Ovidius, Met. , 4, 325) ; or longe multumque (e. g. , omnes superare, Cicero) ; or longissime (e. g. , diversus) : sometimes with repetition of a superlative ; e. g. , plurimum et longe longeque plurimum (e. g. , tribuere honestati, Cicero, Fin. , 2, 21). An infinitely great difference, tanta, quanta maxima esse potest distantia (Cicero). Infinitely greater, omnibus partibus major (Cicero, Fin. , 2, 33, 108). I shall feel infinitely obliged to you if you vjill (i. e. , grant the favor previously mentioned), tam gratum id mihi erit, quam quod gratissimum (Cicero).
INNFINITIVE (mood), infinitum verbum (Quintilianus) : infinitivus or infinitivus modus (later grammarians).
INNFINITY, infinitas (infinite extent) : infinitum tempus (infinite space of time).
INNFIRM, || Weak, imbecillus (deficient in strength ; Cf. , imbecillis is a later form) : infirmus (having no firmness or duration) : debilis (useless, from some defect). || Unsteady in purpose, inconstans : levis : in consiliis capiendis mobilis.
INFIRMARY, valetudinarium (Seneca) : nosocomium (νοσοκομεῖον, Code Justinian ; used by Ruhnken). The surgeon or apothecary of an infirmary, nosocomus (Code Justinian) : qui ægris præsto est (Tarrunt. , Dig. , 50, 6, 6).
INNFIRMITY, || Weakness, vid. || Infirmity of purpose, vid. INCONSTANCY.
INFIX, infigere alicui rei or in aliquid. Vid. “to FIX in. ”
INFLAME, inflammare (the proper word, invidiam, motus animorum) : incendere (populum, animum, etc. , in aliquem). To inflame discord, sedition, accendere discordiam, seditionem : to inflame to madness, accendere aliquem in rabiem : to inflame our desires or passions, inflammare cupiditates, or aliquem ad cupiditates : inflamed with lust, libidinibus inflammatus et furens : inflamed with love, amore incensus ; with hatred, odio incensus ; with anger, ira incensus : to inflame the populace by bribes and promises, plebem. . . largiundo et pollicitando incendere.
INFLAMMABILITY, * facilitas exardescendi. vid. COMBUSTIBILITY.
INFLAMMABLE, facilis ad exardescendum : quod celeriter accenditur : concipiendo igni (or concipiendis ignibus) idoneus.
INFLAMMATION, inflammatio (general term). To cause inflammation, inflammationes movere (Celsus) : till the inflammation is over, donee inflammatio finiatur (id. ) : when the inflammation is over, inflammatione finitâ (id. ) : to remove inflammation, inflammationem discutere (Plinius) : to lessen inflammation, inflammationem sedare, refrigerare, or mitigare (Plinius). || Of the eyes, oculorum inflammatio ; oculorum sicca perturbatio, arida lippitudo (the former in Scribonius, Larg. , 32 ; the latter in Celsus, 6, 6, 29, who both use it as an explanation of the Greek ξηροφθαλμία, which later writers also employ as a Latin word).
INFLAMMATORY, || PROPR. , by circumlocution. Inflammatory symptoms, * inflammationis signa or notæ : inflammatory action, inflammatio. || FIG. , Intended to stir up the minds of the people, seditiosus : ad sensus animorum atque motus inflammandos admotus (e. g. , oratio ; after Cicero, De Or. , 1, 14, 60) : inflammatory language, seditiosæ voces (e. g. , seditiosis vocibus increpare aliquem), or seditiosa (plural adjective) : to use inflammatory language, seditiosa per cœtus disserere (Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 40, 3) : an inflammatory address, seditiosa atque improba oratio (Cæsar) : inflammatory addresses or harangues, conciones turbulentæ, furiosissimæ (of any wild, stormy, violent addresses) : conciones seditiosæ et turbulentæ (Cicero ; violent and treasonable). A most inflammatory speech, seditiosissima oratio (Bell, Afr. , 28, 2).
INNFLATE, inflare : sufflare (both properly and improperly). To inflate with pride, inflare alicujus animum ad intolerabilem superbiam (Livius, 45, 31) : to be inflated with pride, (superbiâ) intumescere ; efferre se superbiâ (Sallustius) ; efferre se insolenter (Cicero) ; efferri fastidio (of a disdainful pride, Cicero) ; tumere superbiâ (Phædrus ; Cicero has animus numquam tumet). Inflated, (1) PROPR. , inflatus (e. g. , tibiæ) ; (2) IMPROPR. , inflatus or elatus et inflatus (with anything, aliqua re) ; inflatus et tumens (e. g. , animus, Cicero) inflatus et tumidus (Tacitus) ; inflatus et inanis (Quintilianus, both of style) ; immodico tumore turgescens (Quintilianus, of style).
INNFLATION, || PROPR. , inflatio (especially of the body ; flatulency) : inflatus, -ûs (properly). || IMPROPR. , With reference to style, tumor (immodicus, Quintilianus, post-Augustan).
INNFLECT, inflectere. Vid. “BEND in. ”
INFLECTION, inflexio (Cicero) : inflexus, -ûs (post- Augustinus, Seneca, Juv. ). || Declination, etc. , flexura (Varro, L. L. , 10, 2, 166).
INFLEXIBILITY (of temper), rigor animi (unrelenting mind).
INNFLEXIBLE, rigidus (properly, stiff, rigid ; hence incapable of being moved ; e. g. , mens, censor) : pertinax (firm in one’s resolutions, persevering ; e. g. , hatred, odium).
INNFLEXIBLY, rigide : severe : Sometimes acriter : acerbe.
INFLICT, To inflict punishment on anybody, pœnam statuere or constituere alicui, or in aliquem (to fix its nature and amount) ; afficere aliquem pœna (Cicero, Off. , 2, 5, fin. ) ; vindicare in aliquem (to proceed to punish him) : a fine, multam imponere in aliquem ; pœnâ pecuniariâ or multâ et pœnâ multare aliquem (the latter, Cicero, Balb. , 18) : Cf. , multam irrogare, in the Gold Age = to lay before the people a proposal [rogatio] that a fine of such an amount should be imposed upon an offender by a vote of the people assembled in “comitia. ” Thus Cicero, Legg. , 3, 3, 3, quum magistratus judicassit irrogassitve ; per populum
multæ pœnæ certatio esto. To inflict disgrace, alicui turpitudinem inferre or infligere : alicui probrum, infamiam inferre : ignominia aliquem alhcere or notare : alicui ignominiam injungere or contumeliam imponere. To inflict pain, dolorem facere, efficere, afferre, commovere, excitare, incutere, on anybody, alicui : severe pain, magnum et acerbum dolorem commovere : dolorem quam acerbissimum alicui inurere. To inflict an injury ; vid. INJURY. κυρικιμασαηικο
INFLICTION, irrogatio (e. g. , of a fine, multæ, Cicero ; vid. note on irrogatio in to INFLICT), or by circumlocution with pœnam constituere ; multam dicere, etc.
INFLUENCE, s. , vis : momentum (decisive effect, ῥοπή) : auctoritas (respectability, weight, etc ; these three of persons and things) : amplitudo : dignitas : gratia (dignity, favor in which anybody stands ; amplitudo, from holding an office ; dignitas, from position and personal worth ; gratia, from personal properties) : opes (influence derived from power and riches) : tactus (influence upon anything by approximation, touching ; e. g. , solis, lunæ) : appulsus (efficient approach ; e. g. , solis : appulsum solis et frigoris sentire). Divine influence, afflatus deorum or divinus : through divine influence, divinitus : the influence of the stars and the moon, vis stellarum ac lunæ : a beneficent, salutary influence, * vis salutaris : a prejudicial influence, vis damnosa or pestifera : a man of great influence, vir magnæ auctoritatis ; homo, in quo summa auctoritas est atque amplitudo : of but little influence, homo tenui auctoritate : to have influence, vis est alicui rei ; in anything, valere, conducere, vim habere ad aliquid (to conduce to anything) : pertinere (to extend to anything). To have influence on anything, valere in aliquo (e. g. , of ill-will) : to have great influence on any person or thing, magna vis est in aliquo or in aliqua re, in rem or ad aliquid (of persons and things) : to have great influence with anybody, multum auctoritate valere or posse ; multum gratia valere apud aliquem (of persons) : gratiosum esse apud aliquem (to be much in anybody’s favor from one’s good qualities). A thing has considerable influence on me, multum moveor aliqua re (i. e. , it makes a great impression on me ; e. g. , alicujus auctoritate ; cf. Cæsar, B. C. , 1, 44 ; Nepos Dion, 1, 3) : a person has great influence with me, multum valet alicujus auctoritas apud me ; multum tribuo alicui or alicujus auctoritati ; magni ponderis est aliquis apud me : to have too little influence, parum momenti habere ad aliquid : to have no influence, nihil posse, nihil valere, sine auctoritate esse (of persons) ; in the army, nullius esse momenti apud exercitum : to lose one’s influence, infringitur auctoritas mea : to exercise in office a great influence over the citizens, vis est in aliquo imperii ingens in cives : to interpose one’s influence, auctoritatem interponere (vid. Cicero, Phil. , 13, 7, 15) : to have a beneficial influence upon anybody, juvare aliquem ; prodesse alicui : to have a prejudicial influence, nocere alicui (in both cases, of things) : the pain I feel shall have no influence on my judgement, sensum doloris mei a sententiâ dicendâ amovebo. To destroy your influence (in the state), exterminare auctoritatem vestram.
INFLUENCE, v. , vim habere ad aliquid or in aliqua re. To influence anybody, movere, permovere, or pellere alicujus animum (to make an impression on his mind) ; multum valere apud aliquem (to have great weight with him ; of persons or things ; e. g. , pudor, officium) ; multum posse apud aliquem ; multum gratia or auctoritate valere apud aliquem (to have great influence with him). To influence anything, magnum momentum habere or magno momento esse (to have great influence) ; aliquid momenti habere (to have some influence upon ; both with reference to an effect they contribute to produce, ad aliquid or absolutely) ; multum (plus) valere (upon anything, ad aliquid ; it being, as before, an effect) ; magna vis est in aliqua re (adaliquid). This patriotic feeling influenced all ranks alike, ea caritas patriæ per omnes ordines pertinebat (Livius, 23, 27) : to influence human affairs, res humanas curare ; rebus hominum intervenire (of the Deity ; the latter, Tacitus, Germ. , 40, 3) : novel undertakings are greatly influenced by public opinion, fama in novis cœptis validissima est : beware of being influenced by private feeling, cave quicquam habeat momenti gratia : whether they are more influenced by shame and a sense of duty or by fear, utrum apud eos pudor atque officium an timor plus valeret : influenced by anybody, impulsus ab aliquo : without being influenced by anybody, nullo impellente : to be influenced by the sun, solis appulsum sentire. Vid. “to have (great) INFLUENCE on. ”
INFLUENTIAL, potens. Influential men, homines potentes, gratiosi ; viri, qui multum valent or possunt ; viri potentes or opulenti. Influential men in their own immediate neighborhoods, homines in suis vicinitatibus gratiosi.
INFLUX, influxio (Macrobius) : influxus, -ûs (Firmianus, Math. ) ; better by circumlocution with infundi, inferri in aliquid. An influx of people (into the circus), infusus populus (†) : a great influx of imported goods, * mercium crebra invectio. Vid. GLUT, s.
INFOLD, involvere (roll up, i. e. , by something wrapped round ; also, figuratively, sua virtute se involvere, Horatius) : obvolvere (e. g. , brachium fasciis, Suetonius) ; sometimes circumcludere. circumdare : cingere (to surround) : continere : comprehendere (to hold enclosed) : complecti (to embrace) : circumplicare aliquid ; circumjectum esse aliquid (of living things, turning round ; e. g. , serpents : si anguis vectem circumjectus fuisset, Cicero). To infold in one’s arms, aliquem complexu tenere, or by the verbs = to embrace, vid.
INFORM, || To animate, etc. (poetical) vid. || To give intelligence. To inform anybody of anything, indicium de re alicui dare or ad aliquem afferre ; aliquem certiorem facere de re ; rem deferre ad aliquem (before a magistrate) : nunciare alicui aliquid (to inform by writing or by a messenger) ; per nuncium declarare alicui aliquid (to declare by a messenger) ; certiorem facere aliquem alicujus rei or de re, by writing, per literas (to give anybody certain information) ; docere aliquem aliquid or de re (to teach about any subject) ; deferre, perferre aliquid ad aliquem (to inform one of anything) ; significare alicui aliquid (to give one to understand anything, to inform to signify, especially under the seal of secrecy ; fo give a hint of anything, by writing, literis or per literas). || To inform against anybody, indicare aliquem : nomen alicujus deferre (yive his name to the judge) : accusare aliquem : to inform against an innocent person, calumniari aliquem.
INFORMANT, auctor ; or by circumlocution. My informant is one whom I can trust, id certo auctore comperi (if the thing is detected ; or audivi, etc. ).
INNFORMATION, nunciatio, of a thing, alicujus rei (an announcing) : significatio (the giving anybody to understand a thing by some hint ; with literarum, when it is done by writing). || Judicial information, delatio (denunciation before a magistrate) : indicium (general term). A written information against anybody, libellus de aliquo datus (Plinius, Ep. , 7, 27, 11) : I received this information from an old woman, id indicium mihi anus fecit.
INFORMER, index (general term ; also before a court of justice) : accusator (general term for accuser before a court of justice) : delator (an informer, especially a secret informer ; such as were common under the emperors) : calumniator (a slanderous informer). By means of informers, per indicium : to be a common informer, delationes factitare, or accusationes exercere (to follow the profession of an informer, Tacitus, Hist. , 2, 10, 2, and 5).
INNFRACTION, violatio (of existing covenants). Infraction of peace, rupta pacis fides ; pax turbata : infraction of a treaty, violatum or ruptum fœdus : infraction of friendship, amicitia violata : to hold it an infraction of a treaty, unless, etc. , pro rupto fœdus habere, si non, etc.
INFREQUENCY, Vid. RARITY.
INFREQUENT, Vid. RARE.
INFRINGE, [Vid. To BREAK (a law, etc. ) ; To VIOLATE. ] Cf. , infringere, in this sense only, Jurisconsulti (e. g. , jus consulis, Paullus, Dig. , 34, 9, 5, fin. ). One that infringes a treaty, ruptor fœderis.
INFRINGER, Vid. BREAKER, VIOLATOR.
INFUSE, || To pour in, infundere in aliquid (alicui mostly post-classical). || To instill (principles), etc. ; inspire (with alacrity, etc. ). [Vid. INSTILL, INSPIRE. ] || To steep in liquor (for medicinal purposes), diluere (e. g. , absinthia).
INNFUSION, infusio (act of pouring in ; e. g. , injection of a medicine) : dilutum (medical infusion ; e. g. , infusion of wormwood, dilutum absinthii). || Instillation (of principles, etc. ), vid.
INFUSORIUM, immensæ subtilitatis animal (after Plinius, 10, 75, 98, extr. ) : * bestiola infusoria (technical term).
INNGENIOUS, ingeniosus (fertile in expedients) : dexter (dexterous ; naturally ready and ingenious in applying knowledge or art) : bonus (general term, good at anything) : naturally ingenious in or at anything, aptus factusque ad aliquid. To be an ingenious man in one’s line or profession, admirabilem esse suo genere (Cicero) : to be ingenious at anything, habilem esse ad aliquid ; aptum esse ad
aliquid : to be naturally ingenious at anything, natum esse ad aliquid.
INGENIOUSLY, ingeniose : dextre : dexterius (Livius, Horatius) : sollerter : perite (skilfully) : docte (e. g. psallere).
INNGENIOUSNESS, Vid. INGENUITY.
INGENUITY, || Inventive cleverness, ingenium (general term, to which acutum, magnum, docile, etc. , may be added) : ingenii docilitas, acies, vis, or (Nepos) celeritas : dives ingenii vena († Horatius). To have great ingenuity in anything, multum habere ingenii ad aliquid : there must be something of inventive ingenuity, ingenii celeres quidam motus esse debent et ad excogitandum acuti (cf. Cicero, Or. , 1, 25, 113). || Ingenuousness, vid.
INGENUOUS, ingenuus (the proper word). Vid. CANDID, FRANK.
INGENUOUSLY, ingenue. To confess ingenuously, aperte atque ingenue confiteri. Vid. CANDIDELY.
INGLORIOUS, inglorius (without glory, Cicero ; of persons or things) : inhonoratus (without receiving honor). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) inhonoratus et inglorius (e. g. , existence, vita, Cicero) : inhonestus (dishonorable ; e. g. , vita misera atque inhonesta, Sallustius ; mors inhonesta, Propertius) : obscurus (unknown to fame) : turpis (base, vile).
INNGLORIOUSLY, sine gloriâ : sine laude : turpiter (disgracefully).
INNGOT, later (aureus, argenteus). Silver in ingots, argentum non signatum forma sed rudi pondere (Curtius, 5, 2, 112).
INNGRAFT, Vid. GRAFT.
INGRATE, Vid. UNGRATEFUL (person).
INNGRATIATE (one’s self with anybody), alicujus favorem or benevolentiam sibi conciliare, or colligere ; gratiam inire ab aliquo or (Livius) apud aliquem : with anybody by anything, adjungere sibi benevolentiam alicujus aliqua re : to wish to ingratiate one’s self with anybody, alicui jucundum esse velle ; apud aliquem gratiosum esse velle (e. g. , apud tribules suos) ; alicujus benevolentiam captare ; alicujus gratiam aucupari ; alicujus favorem quærere : the art of ingratiating one’s self, artificium colligendæ gratiæ (for SYN. of gratia, favor, benevolentiam, vid. FAVOR, s. ).
INNGRATITUDE, animus ingratus : animus beneficiorum immemor (as character) : crimen ingrati animi (as crime with which one is chargeable). Cf. , Not ingratia and ingratitudo. I detest ingratitude, ingrati animi crimen horreo (Cicero, Att. , 9, 2, A. , §2) : to be guilty of ingratitude, ingrati animi crimen subire (after Cicero, Att. , 9, 2, A. , §2) : to show ingratitude for favors received, pro beneficiis meritam debitamque gratiam non referre : I know no greater ingratitude, nihil cognovi ingratius.
INGREDIENTS, elementa alicujus rei : res, ex quibus conflatur et efficitur aliquid (Cicero, Off. , 1, 4, 14) : res, quibus aliquid continetur, or in quibus aliquid positum est (of which or in which anything consists ; cf. Cicero, Off. , 1, 9, 29, and 35, 126) : but the word is mostly omitted. Some dry ingredients, aridum aliquid (Celsus, 5, 17, 2) : the ingredients are the same, bid mixed in different proportions, iisdem servatis, ponderum ratio mutatur (Celsus).
INGRESS, Vid. ENTRANCE.
INGULF, vorare : devorare (e. g. , aquæ devbrant terras).
INNHABIT, To inhabit a place, habitare (in) loco (to have one’s residence any where ; Cf. , habitare, inhabitare locum are not classical) : colere, incolere locum (to be settled in a place) : tenere, obtinere (to possess places, countries, etc. ). To inhabit the front part of a building, primum locum ædium tenere : to be inhabited, habitari : thickly inhabited, frequens (tectis) : that part of the city is very thickly inhabited, colitur ea pars urbis et habitatur frequentissime (Cicero ; also impersonally, vicorum, quibus frequenter habitabatur, Livius 2, 62, 4 ; opposed to not at all inhabited) : desertus (of countries, places).
INNHABITABLE, habitabilis.
INHABITANT, incola (inhabitant; opposed to citizen, Cicero, Off. , 1, 34, μέτοικος, for which Nepos, uses sessor) : inquilinus (the tenant; opposed to owner of the house, dominus, Cicero, Phil. , 2, 41, σύνοικος) : colonus (farmer; opposed to land-owner, Cicero, Cæc. , 32 ; something like θής ;and also inhabitant of a colony, ἄποικος : it is only in poetry that it is used for “inhabitant” generally) : civis (citizen, who, as such, possesses civil rights, etc. ; opposed to peregrinus) : habitator (general term for one who dwells in a country, etc. ) : homo (especially in plural, homines, wlien “inhabitants” is used for “men, ” “persons ;” e. g. , hæc regio multos alit homines). The inhabitant of a town, oppidi incola, oppidanus (especially as opposed to inhabitant of a village) : inhabitant of a village, incola vici ; vicanus : paganus (especially as opposed to “inhabitant of a city”) : inhabitant of a province, provincialis : the first inhabitants of Britain, qui initio Britanniam incoluerunt.
INHALE, spiritu (spirando) ducere ; spiritu haurire. To exhale and inhale, anhelitum reddere ac per vices recipere : to inhale and exhale, animam attrahere ac reddere.
INHARMONIOUS, Vid. DISSONANT.
INHERE, inhærere (alicui rei ; ad aliquid [to it], in aliqua re) : inhærescere (alicui rei or in aliqua re). Vid. CLEAVE TO.
INHERENT, proprius : in alicujus rei natura positus : cum re ipsa or cum rei natura conjunctus : ad rem ipsam or ad rei naturam pertinens (belonging to the nature of anything as an essential part of it) : penitus defixus (firmly rooted in anything ; e. g. , a failing or fault) : innatus : in natura insitus (innate ; inherent in our nature). Sometimes omnium, cujusvis may serve (e. g. , the liability to err is inherent in human nature, cujusvis hominis est errare : anything is inherent in anybody, aliquid alicui inest proprium ; e. g. , inest proprius quibusdam decor, Quintilianus, 6, 3, 12). An inherent right, naturæ jus aliquod (Cicero, Legg. , 1, 14, 4, jus naturale is the whole body or sum of natural rights).
INNHERIT, hereditate accipere (also figuratively) : to have inherited anything, hereditate mihi venit aliquid, hereditate possidere aliquid (to possess by heirship, but in no other way) : to inherit the whole property, heredem ex asse (or ex libellâ) esse : to inherit a large property from anybody, magna mihi venit ab aliquo hereditas : to inherit a half, heredem esse ex dimidia parte : to inherit a sixth, in sextante esse : to inherit as much as all the other heirs together, capere tantundem, quantum omnes heredes (Cicero, De Legg. , 2, 19, 48) : to inherit a portion, in partem hereditatis vocari ; in hereditate partem habere : both inherited equal shares, hereditas ad utrumque æqualiter veniebat : to inherit an empire from one’s father, imperium a patre accipere : to have inherited a surname from anybody, nomen hereditarium habere ab aliquo : hatred, as it were, inherited, velut hereditate relictum odium : to inherit one’s father’s influence, in paternas succedere opes.
INHERITANCE, hereditas (the right of heirship, and the sum of the things belonging to the inheritance) : Inheritance by will, hereditas ex testamento ; without a wil , hereditas ab intestato (this is called legitima, the lawful, necessary ; the former testamentaria ; all in the Jurisconsults) : an inheritance not yet entered upon, hereditas jacens : a common inheritance, hereditas communis : a joint inheritance, communis herediras, quæ ad utrumque æqualiter lege veniebat. To fix one’s heart upon an inheritance, oculos hereditati adjicere ; hereditatem persequi : to receive an inheritance, hereditatem consequi or capere : I receive an inheritance, hereditas mihi venit, obvenit ; hereditas ad me venit or pervenit : to receive a rich inheritance, adipisci effertissimam hereditatem (Plautus, Capt. , 4, 1, 8) ; magna ac luculenta hereditas alicui obtingit : something comes to me by inheritance, hereditate mihi aliquid venit or obvenit : to have part in an inheritance, habere partem in hereditate ; vocari in partem hereditatis : to take possession of an inheritance, hereditatem adire, cernere, adire cernereque ; cretionem capere (Plinius, 2, 26, 24 ; figuratively) : to decline, refuse an inheritance, se abstinere hereditate ; hereditatem omittere, repudiare (Jurisconsulti) :
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to claim and take possession of an inheritance, hereditati se miscere or se immiscere (ib. ) : to obtain, or to endeavor to obtain, an inheritance surreptitiously, testamentum captare : to exclude anybody from an inheritance, aliquem excludere hereditate.