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HELP, INTRANS, conferre ad aliquid : vim habere, valere ad aliquid : prodesse, adjuvare ad aliquid (adjectively also with ut).

HELP, s. , Vid. AID, ASSISTANCE.

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HELPER, adjutor (feminine, -trix) : qui opem fert alicui (e. g. , furtum facientibus). Sometimes socius (companion) : administer : satelles. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) administer et satelles.

He was my helper in time of trouble, ille mihi ferentarius amicus est inventus (Plautus, Trin. , 2, 4, 55).

HELPFUL, Vid. USEFUL, SALUTARY.  HELPLESS, inops, also with auxilii (that is wanting in strength and power to help himself ; opposed to opulentus) : auxilio orbatus or destitutes (deprived of help, forsaken by those who might help him) : helpless state, inopia : to leave anybody helpless, aliquem destituere.

HELPLESSNESS, inopia (want of power to help one’s self) : solitudo (want or destitution of friends).

HELTER-SKELTER, raptim atque turbate (e. g. , omnia agere, Cæsar) ; or by adjective, præceps (headlong).

HEM, s. , extremus quasi margo vestis (after Plinius, Ep. 5, 6, 9. Cf. , Not limbus, which is an edge sown on, border ; instita appears also to have been sown on ; e. g. , subsuta instita, Horatius).  HEM, v. , || To form a hem or border, perhaps circumsuere. || To edge, vid. || To hem in, circumsedere (to blockade) : circumvenire, with or without exercitu (to surround) : cingere (mostly poetical and post-Augustan prose) : cingere (hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii (Tacitus) : locorum angustiis claudere (in difficult country, narrow passes, etc. , Nepos).

HEM, interjection, hem! (as expressing astonishment, in a good or bad sense ; joy, sorrow, dislike, etc. ) – ehem! (expresses only joyful surprise) : hui!  HEMICYCLE, hemicyclus : hemicyclium. Vid. SEMICIRCLE.

HEMISPHERE, hemisphærium (ἡμισφαίριον; Varro, Macrobius), or, pure Latin, sectæ pilæ pars.

HEMISTICH, hemistichium (ἡμιστίχιον, Pseud. – Asconius, Cicero, Verr. , 2, 1, 18).

HEMLOCK, cicuta : * conium (Linnæus). As poison, succus cicutæ, or cicuta only (Persius, 4, 2). To drink the hemlock (i. e. , at Athens), exhaurire illud mortis poculum ; cicutam sorbere (cf. Persius, 4, 2, sorbitio cicutæ) ; poculum veneno mixtum haurire.

HEMORRHAGE, profluvium, or profusio, or fluxio sanguinis ; hæmorrhagia (this especially in the nose).

HEMORRHOID, hæmorrhois, fem. (αἱμοῤῥοΐς , Plinius in Celsus, 6, 18, 9, in Greek characters, and defined to be ora venarum tamquam capitulis quibusdam surgentia, quæ sæpe sanguinem fundunt).

HEMP, cannabis : of hemp, cannabinus. To take off the skin or bark of hemp, cannabim decorticare.

HEMP -AGRIMONY, * eupatorium cannabinum (Linnæus).

HEMPEN,
HEMP (as adjective),  cannabinus.

Hemp-seed, semen cannabis or cannabinum. A hemp rope, funis cannabinus : e cannabi tortus funis (after Vitruvius 1, 1, 8).

HEMP-FIELD, * ager cannabe consitus.

HEN, gallina. A hen’s egg, ovum gallinaceum.

Hen- house, gallinarium. A hen’s nest, cubile gallinæ.

Hen-coop, cavea. To put hens in a coop, gallinas in cavea includere (Cicero).

Hens, when they have laid an egg, ruffle their feathers and shake themselves, gallinæ inhorrescunt, edito ovo, excutiuntque sese (Plinius).

Hen-roost, sedile (avium ; Varro, R. R. , 3, 5, 13) ; pertica gallinaria (the perch, id. , 3, 9, 7).

HENBANE, hyoscyamus. The common henbane, * hyoscyamus niger (Linnæus).

HENCE, || Of place, hinc, including, like the English word, the notion of a source, cause, etc. ; e. g. , hinc illæ lacrimæ nimirum ; for which inde may be used in reference to a preceding statement ; ex avaritia erumpat audacia necesse est ; inde omnia scelera ac maleficia gignuntur, Cicero). To go hence, abire : decedere : hence! ( = away with you) abi : apage te! abi hinc ; amove te hinc!

Hence! ye profane, procul este profani. The road from hence to India, via, quæ est hinc in Indiam (Cicero). || Of time : Cf. , In such expressions as “a few days hence, ” “a year hence, ” the adverb “hence” is not expressed in Latin. || Of inference ; consequently ; denoting a consequence, itaque (“and so, ” “accordingly;” denoting the consequence or conclusion from a cause, or conformity with a preceding statement) : igitur (“consequently, ” “therefore, ” denotes an inference from a reason) : ergo ( = igitur – a strong affirmation ; hence it is used in more formal argumentation. Respecting the position, observe that itaque is placed at the beginning of the proposition, but igitur usually after one or more words ; only in drawing inferences, Cicero sometimes places it first) : ideo (“consequently, ” points to the reasons and arguments as such) : Cf. , proinde ( = “igitur cum exhortatione quadam, ” used in animated exhortations) : quare : quamobrem : quapropter : quocirca (“wherefore, ” “whence, ” refer to a preceding proposition, which contains the reason. Cf. , Adeo, as an inferential particle, is not Latin). And hence, ideoque, et or atque ideo ; Cf. , not et igitur, igiturque, Pr. Intr. ii. 677.

Hence it happens that, etc. , ita fit. ut, etc.

HENCEFORTH, posthac : dehinc or jam dehinc (but in this sense poetical and post-Augustan prose, except Livius ; quacumque dehinc vi possim, 1, 59).

HENPECK, marito imperare (after Cicero, Parad. , 5, 2, in. ). Anybody is henpecked, uxori obnoxius est : in uxoris potestate est (Cicero, Ter. , Hec. , 3, 1, 22 ; 2, 2, 8) : uxor ei imperat (Cicero). A henpecked husband, maritus cui uxor imperat ; qui in uxoris potestate est, etc.

HEPTAGON, * heptagonum.

HEPTAGONAL, * septangulus : septem angulis.  HER, [vid. SHE] ; and for the proper pronoun in oblique narration, vid.

HE, HIS.  HERALD, caduceator (in war ; so called, from the caduceus which he bore, to claim his personal security) : fetialis (at Rome ; the herald who demanded satisfaction, and declared war with ceitain solemnities ; the fetiales were a college of priests) : præco (general term for an officer who makes proclamation, etc. ). The person of a herald is held sacred, caduceatori nemo homo nocet (Cato ap. Fest. ) : to send a herald, caduceatorem mittere : a herald’s staff, caduceus (Cf. , the fetiales carried verbenæ).

HERALDRY, * doctrina insignium : * scientia insignium ; or * heraldica (as technical term).

HERB, herba : olus (pot-herb).

Herb-tea, aqua (calida), in qua decoctæ herbæ sunt (cf. Celsus, 4, 25). All roots and herbs, omne herbarum radicumque genus. To take medicinal herbs, * valetudinis causa herbarum succis uti.

Herb-market, forum olitorium.

Herb-woman, quæ herbas, or olera vendit, or venditat.  HERBACEOUS, hevbaceus (Plinius).

HERBAGE, herbæ (plural) : gramen (grass). Vid. GRASS.  HERBALIST, herbarius (Plinius).

HERBARIUM, * siccatæ herbæ or * hortus siccus, qui dicitur.  HERBELET, herbula.  HERBID, herbidus.  HERB-TEA, aqua (calida), in qua decoctæ herbæ or verbenæ sunt (with Celsus, 4, 15, p. 228, Bip. ).

HERD, s. , grex (general term, a large number of cattle, both larger and smaller animals ; but if any distinction is made between larger and smaller cattle, it is used only of the latter ; vid. Cicero, Phil. , 3, 13, extr. , greges armentorum reliquique pecoris, Ovidius, Met. , 1, 513, non hic armenta gregesve ; then, also = a crowd or great number of persons, a company, etc. ) : armenta, -orum (a herd of larger animals, especially of oxen ; then also, horses, goats, large marine animals; opposed to grex ; vid. above) : multitudo : caterva (both = a great number, multitude). Belonging to a herd, gregalis ; gregarius : in herds, gregatim : to bring together into a herd, congregare (figuratively. also, of persons). || Of persons ; vid.

HORDE, TROOP, etc.  HERD, v. , Vid. CONGREGATE.  HERDSMAN, armentarius : bubulcus.  HERE, || At this place, hic : hoc loco (at this place, on this spot) : hac regione (in this neighborhood, hereabout). To be here, adesse : not to be here, abesse : to remain here, manere, remanere : here I am, en adsum! en ego! ecce me! here is the reason that, etc. , en causa, cur, etc. : here and there, passim (in different places ; here and there) ; nonnulla parte (with reference to a whole body of several members, of which in several places the assertion is true ; cf. Cæsar, B, C, 1, 46, and Herzog ad loc. ) : only here and there, by rarus ; e. g. , here and there are a few trees, raræ sunt arbores. If “here” is used in connection with a pronoun demonstrative, in Latin only the pronoun demonstrative is used ; as, do you see this man here? videsne hunc virum? || In this thing, on this point, hac in re. Cf. , (1) In dialogues, hic or ibi are used in the sense of “upon this ;” e. g. , hic Lælius dixit, Cicero, Rep. , 1, 30. So in, here we may see, etc. ( = in this example, etc. ), hic cognosci potest, etc. ; “here you demand, ” etc. , hic tu (tabulas, etc. ) desideras. (2) In a narrative after an explanation, enumeration, etc. , “here” must be omitted in Latin ; e. g. , “here you have my reasons for returning, “habes reversionis causas : “here you have my opinion. ” habetis, quid sentiam. (3) It is not right to translate “here and there” by hic illic ; e. g. , in such sentences as hic illic invenies, hic illic legitur, for aliquoties, compluribus in locis, interdum, etc. [Krebs. ] (4) In English we now often use “here” after verbs of motion, for “hither;” we must be careful, however, to translate it in
such cases by huc (e. g. , huc reverti ; huc in urbem commeare, etc. ) or hunc in locum (e. g. , reverti, Cicero, Rep. , 6, fin. ) ; so, from here, hinc. || Here below, his in terris : hac in vita.

HEREAFTER, posthac : in reliquum (tempus ; for the future ; for the remaining time : without tempus ; Planc. ap. Cicero, Fam. , 10, 7 ; Sallustius, Jug. , 42, 4 ; Livius, 23, 20 ; 26, 32 ; 36, 10, extr. , etc) : never hereafter, nunquam hoc quod reliquum est (sc. vitæ ; e. g. , I shall never laugh hereafter,   Plautus). || An hereafter, quæ post mortem futura sunt (Cicero).

HEREAT, ob eam rem or causam. It must be translated in various ways according to the verb, usually by some case of is, ea, id, alone, or governed by a preposition, and in agreement with a substantive : to be disturbed or pained hereat, ea re moveri, angi, cruciari : to be offended hereat, rem ægre or moleste ferre ; de ea, requeri : to rejoice hereat, ea re gaudere ; ex ea re gaudium percipere.  HEREBY, eo : ea re : iis rebus : per eam rem : per eas res ; or (at beginning of a sentence) aliqua re.

He underwent many dangers, yet was he not hereby terrified, multa pericula subiit, sed neque hæc perpessus, etc.  HEREDITAMENT, heredium. Vid. “HEREDITARY property. ”  HEREDITARILY, hereditate : jure hereditario.  HEREDITARY, hereditarius : An hereditary property, heredium ; diminutive, herediolum : patrimonium (if inherited from a father) : prædium hereditarium : agri hereditarii : * fundus hereditarius.

Hereditary disease [vid. DISEASE].

Hereditary hatred, odium paternum velut hereditate relictum (Nepos). An hereditary fault, avitum vitium. An hereditary office at court, * munus aulicum hereditarium.

Hereditary crown-prince, filius regis in spem imperii genitus (Curtius) ; filius regis tanquam haud dubius regni heres (Livius) : heres regni.  HEREFROM, ex eo (ea, etc. ) : inde or the relative unde (all marking the source from which an effect proceeds). To derive a benefit or advantage herefrom, ex ea re utilitatem or fructum capere.  HEREIN, in eo : hac in re : ea in re : intus : intra (within) : ibi (herein ; in this that has been mentioned).

Herein he was wrong, etc. , in eo peccavit.

HEREINTO, in eum (eam, id), etc.

HEREOF, ejus rei (of this) : ex ea re : ex eo (ea, from this) : hinc (hence) : inde (thence), or the relative unde (all denoting the cause of an effect ; the source from which anything proceeds, etc. ) : de eo, ea, etc. (concerning this matter). To have no knowledge hereof, ejus rei esse imperitum ; eam rem non didicisse : let the citizen be assured hereof, sit hoc persuasum civibus.

HEREON, Vid.

HEREUPON.  HEREOUT, ex ea re : ex eo, ea : hinc : inde : unde (as relative). || = Hence (from this place), vid.  HERESIARCH, hæresiarcha (ecclesiastical, Sidon. , Aug. ). κυρικιμασαηικο

HERESY, hæresis (ecclesiastical technical term : it is used by Cicero himself in the sense of sect, school, etc. ) : * studia hæretica : * opiniones pravæ.  HERETIC, hæreticus : feminine, hæretica (ecclesiastical).

HERETICAL, hæreticus (ecclesiastical) : to adopt heretical opinions, * ad hæretica studia deferri, delabi.  HERETICALLY, hæretice (ecclesiastical) : * hæretica quadam opinionum pravitate.  HERETO, ad id : ad hoc : ad hæc, etc. (in addition to this) : præterea (besides) : insuper (over and above what has been already stated, done, etc. ).

HERETOFORE, Vid. FORMERLY.  HEREUPON, (1) In narratives, etc. ( = upon this being said or done), hic or ibi (e. g. , hic Lælius dixit, etc. ) : ad hæc (to this ; e. g. , he replied, ad hæc or adversus hæc respondit). (2) This being done, inde : deinde (or dein) : exinde (or exin ; all denoting the following of one event or occurrence upon another) : tum (then) : quo facto (which being done). || Upon this subject, etc. ; e. g. , to think or meditate hereupon, id meditari, cogitare.

HEREWITH, cum, with ablative of demonstrative pronoun, etc. To begin herewith, ab eo or ab ea re incipere, initium facere or capere : to end herewith, in illud desinere.  HERITAGE, Vid. INHERITANCE.

HERMAPHRODITE, androgynos, or Latin (but more rarely), semimas (Cf. , hermaphroditus came into use in the Silver Age, according to Pliny, 7, 3, 3) ; or by circumlocution ; e. g. , ambiguo inter marem et feminam sexu (Livius, 27, 11, 4) ; incertus mas an femina, or masculus an femina, sit (Livius, 27, 37, 5 ; 31, 12, 6).

HERMENEUTICS, enarratio auctorum (Quintilianus, 1, 9, 1).

HERMETICALLY, * tam arte ( = arete) clausus, ut neque aeri sit aditus (after quo neque sit ventis aditus, Vergilius, Geor. , 4, 19).

HERMIT, homo solitarius : eremita : anachoreta (ecclesiastical). To live the life of a hermit, vitam solitarius ago.  HERMITAGE, secessus (general term for place of retirement) : * casa hominis solitarii.

HERNIA, hernia (including the Greek ἐντεροκήλη and ἐπιπλοκήλη, Celsus, 7, 18). – ramex ( = κιρσοκήλη, Celsus, ib. ). One who is stiffering from hernia, cui intestinum descendit : ramicosus (Plinius) : herniosus (Lamprid. ).

HERO, vir (bello) fortis : vir fortissimus : Cf. , heros is never used for “a valiant man, ” but is freguently used of one raised above his contemporaries, and idolized by a party ; e. g. , heros ille noster Cato ; quantum in illo heroe esset animi (of Milo) : heroes (of Plato and Aristotle). || Demigod, heros. || Principal personage in a play, etc. , persona prima.  HEROIC, heroicus (but only of what belonged to “the heroic age, ” ætas heroica ; tempora heroica) : fortis : divinus : major quam pro homine : plus quam humanus : incredibilis : magnus : invictus : fortis et invictus : animi magnitudine præstans : viro forti digdus. An heroic action, forte, incredibile or divinum factum : facinus magnum. || Epic, herous (Cicero ; of the verse, and the feet) : heroicus (Quintilianus). The heroic poets, heroici poetæ (heroi not found). Vid. EPIC.  HEROICALLY, fortiter : animo forti et invicto. To die heroically, per virtutem emori (Sallustius).

HEROINE, * femina fortis or fortissima : heroina only as feminine of heros. Vid.

HERO.  HEROISM, animus fortis et invictus : virtus (summa) : animi magnitudo. An act of heroism, * res præclare gesta : facinus magnum, etc. Vid.

HEROIC.  HERON, ardea : ardeola (the usual form in Pliny).

HERRING, harenga (in the middle age) : * clupea harengus (Linnæus, Cf. , Alec or halec was not herring, but a kind of fish-sauce) : a salted herring, * harenga sale condita.

HESITANCY, Vid.

HESITATION.  HESITATE, dubitare (to be prevented by doubts from forming a decision ; absolutely, or followed by an infinitive ; rarely affirmatively ; usually with a negation) : cunctari (to delay ; absolutely, or followed by an infinitive) : hæsitare (to doubt, hesitate ; absolutely, or on account of anything, ob aliquid or de aliqua re cunctari, to delay from consideration, like μέλλειν : hæsitare, from want of resolution : cessare, from want of strength and energy, like ὀκνεῖν. The cunctans delays to begin an action ; the cessans, to go on with an action already begun, Döderlein). Not to hesitate, non dubitare or non cunctari (followed by an infinitive, or by quin. Cf. , Non dubitare = not to hesitate, is usually construed with infinitive in Cicero ; but quin is permissible ; nolite dubitare, quin huic uni credatis omnia [Mil. , 23, 67] : it is necessary, where dubitare is in passive, especially participle in dus. Domitius thought he ought not to hesitate to risk an engagement, Domitius non dubitandum putavit, quin prœlio decertaret, Krüger, 576, 2). I did not hesitate a moment to, ego non habui ambiguum, ut, etc. (Brut. ap. Cicero, ad Div. , 11, 11, 3) : to make anybody hesitate, dubitationem alicui afferre, injicere, dare. Why do we hesitate to confess, etc. ? quid tergiversamur, nec fatemur etc. (Cicero).  HESITATION, dubitatio (hesitation in deciding, the hesitation of indecision, undecidedness) : hæsitatio (doubt, hesitation) : cunctatio (a delaying) : religio : scrupulus (hesitation from a scruple, doubt of conscience). Without hesitation, non dubitanter ; nulla interposita dubitatione ; sine ulla dubitatione ; haud cunctanter ; abjecta omni cunctatione (without delay) ; confidenter (with confidence) ; audacter (boldly) ; sine retractatione (without any drawing back or shrinking ; e. g. , pro patria vitam profundere, Cicero ; also of any flinching from the broad statement of an opinion, sine retractatione libere dicere audere etc. ; also with dubitatio ; confides igitur et quidem sine ulla dubitatione aut retractatione, Cicero, Att. , 13, 25 ; in classical Latin the word is only found in this construction). || In speaking, hæsitantia linguæ (as natural defect) : hæsitatio (from confusion of mind, etc. , also deformis hæsitatio, Quintilianus). To speak without hesitation, volvere verba : to speak distinctly and without hesitation, plane et articulate loqui (Gellius, 5, 9, of a dumb person who suddenly recovered the power of speech) : a speech delivered without hesitation, oratio fluens or volubiliter fusa : an orator who speaks without hesitation, orator volubilis.  HESITATINGLY, cunctanter : dubitanter : hæsitans : hæsitabundus.  HETEROCLITE, heteroclitus (Charis. , Prisc. ).

HETERODOX, qui uovas superstitiones introducit (in the sense of the ancients) ; * a doctrina publice recepta alienam formam sequens (with us) ; aliter sentiens
(general term, that thinks otherwise).

Heterodox sects condemned by the Catholic Church, sectæ quas. . . Catholicæ observantiæ fides sincera condemnat (Code Theodosius 16, 5, 12).

HETERODOXY, * a doctrina publice recepta aliena decreta : * a vera Christi doctrina aliena formula (as doctrine) : * studium alienam formulam tuendi.  HETEROGENEOUS, diversi or alieni generis : dissimilis (unlike). Things that are heterogeneous, diveisissimæ res ; res diversæ inter se (Sallustius).

HEW, v. , (ascia) dolare : dedolare : edolare (to hew into shape with the axe, from the roughest slate ; asciare = to work well with the trowel, in Vitruvius, 7, 2, 2 ; exasciare only in the participle, exasciatus, figuratively, well prepared, Plautus, Asin. , 2, 2, 93) : ascia polire (to make smooth with the axe) : cædere (to hew down a tree ; to hew out a stone) : secare (to cut ; to hew into a state for use ; e. g. , stones, lapides) : to hew round about, circumdolare (with the axe) : this wood cannot be hewn, respuit hæc materia secures.

Hewn stone, saxum quadratum (hewn and squared). || Cut down, vid.  HEWER,

Hewer of wood, qui ligna cædit : lignator (who hews it and fetches it in, etc. , for an army). Cf. , According to Varro (L. L. ), lignicida was never in use.

Hewers of wood, lismarii.

Hewer of stone, lapidarius (post- Augustan) ; quadratarius (late).

HEWING, eæsio (as act, ligni, silvæ, Plinius) : cæsura (the manner in which the thing hewn is felled ; of a tree, Columella, 4, 33, 1).

Hewing of wood, lignatio (the hewing and fetching it in for an army).

HEXAGON, hexagonum (ἑξάγωνον), or, pure Latin, sexangulum.  HEXAGONAL, hexagonus, or, pure Latin, sexangulus.  HEXAMETER, versus senarius : hexameter or versus hexameter (Cicero). The beginning of an hexameter, initium hexametri (Quintilianus, 9, 4, 78). To compose hexameters extempore, versus hexametros fundere ex tempore (Cicero).

HEY! as an interjection : (a) of joy, euge! io! (comedy, as are nearly all that follow) : hey! that is fine! euge strenue! (b) of astonishment, heu! ehem! hui! at at : hey! what is this, pray? hem! quid hoc est? hey! is it that? at at, hoc illud est? (c) of rebuke or threatening, eia : hey! that would not be fitting, eia, haud sic decet.

HEYDAY, Vid.

HEY.  HEYDAY, s. , || Heyday of youth, dos ætatis : ætas florens : flos juventæ : ætas integra : spatium integræ ætatis (youthful prime) : fervor adolescentiæ or fervor juvenilis : adolescentia fervida : calidus sanguis (the hot blood of youth ; the last †, Horatius) : robur juvenile or juventæ : vigor juventæ or ætatis (youthful strength).

HIATUS, Vid. GAP.  HICCOUGH, s. , singultus.  HICCOUGH, v. , singultire : singultare.  HIDE, s. , pellis (Ike skin as flayed off ; of men, and of animals that have a soft skin) : corium (the thick hide of animals, the bull, etc. ). [Vid. SKIN. ]To dress hides, pelles conficere (Cæsar), perficere (Plinius).

HIDE, v. , abdere (to put a thing away, to hide ; e. g. , documents, tabulas) : condere (to deposit in a safe place) : abscondere (to put away and preserve) : recondere (to hide carefully and thoroughly) : occulere (to conceal in any way) : occultare (to conceal very carefully and anxiously ; seldom in negative propositions) : celare (to conceal the existence of anything ; facts, etc. ; opposed to fateri ; e. g. , sententiam, iram) : obscurare (to throw a shade over ; e. g. , magnitudo lucri obscurabat magnitudinem periculi) : abstrudere (to thrust away ; to bury under something) : dissimulare (to hide by dissembling ; e. g. , ægritudinem animi, odium). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tegere et dissimulare ; dissimulare et occultare. To hide anything from anybody, celare aliquem aliquid (not alicui aliquid ; but in the passive celatur mini aliquid occurs, Hirtius, B. Alex. , 7, 1). To hide anything in a place, abdere aliquid in locum, seldom in loco ; Cf. , with the past participle the ablative is used, but sometimes the accusative (in tectis silvestribus abditos, Cicero ; abditi in tabernaculis, Cæsar ; in silvam Arduennam abditis, Cæsar) ; occultare aliquid loco or in loco (very seldom in locum ; Herzog, Cæsar, B. G. , 7, 85, extr. ) ; anything under anything, abdere aliquid sub aliqua re or intra aliquid (e. g. , cultrum veste, ferrum intra vestem) ; tegere aliquid aliqua re (figuratively ; e. g. , nomen tyranni humanitate sua). To hide one’s self, delitescere (to lie hid ; of persons and things) ; se abdere in occultum (of persons) ; occuli, occultari (to be withdrawn from sight ; of things ; e. g. , of stars; opposed to apparere). To hide one’s self or anybody in a place, abdere se or aliquem in aliquem locum (not in aliquo loco ; e. g. , in terram, in intimam Macedoniam) ; in the country, rus ; in one’s house, domum ; there, eo (not ibi) ; anywhere, aliquo (not alicubi) ; where, quo (not ubi) ; wheresoever, quocumque (not ubicumque). [But figuratively, se in literas, or se literis abdere, Cicero].

Hidden under the earth, sub terram (not terra) abditus (Cicero, Tusc. , 2, 25, 60). To hide one’s self anywhere, is also, delitescere in aliquo loco ; se occultare loco or in loco (vid. above). To hide one’s self from anybody, se occultare alicui, or a conspectu alicujus : to be hidden, latere ; abditum latere ; abditum et inclusum in occulto latere (the last three of keeping one self hidden). More hidden, most hidden, occultior, occultissimus (not abditior, abditissimus, which are late Latin).

HIDE AND SEEK, To play at hide and seek, * per lusum latitare ; * per lusum lutitantes (or -em) quærere.    HIDE-BOUND, cui pellis ita tergori adhæret, ut apprehensa manibus deduci a costis non possit (Columella, 6, 13, 2), or simply cui pellis tergori adhæret : * coriagine laborans (coriago, Columella and Vegetious). || Niggardly, vid.  HIDEOUS, insignis ad deformitatem. Vid.

HORRIBLE.  HIDEOUSLY, Vid.

HORRIBLY.  HIDEOUSNESS, Vid. DEFORMITY, UGLINESS.

HIDER, || One who is hiding (intransitively), by circumlocution (latitator, Augustin). || One who hides (transitively), occultator (Cicero) : celator (†, Luc. ).

HIDING-PLACE, latebra (a retired or obscure place, where anybody may conveniently remain concealed) : latibulum (a lurking-hole, into which a man must creep like a beast) : receptaculum (a receptacle ; e. g. , of thieves). A hiding-place of thieves, furum receptaculum (after Livius, 34, 21) ; domus prasdarum et furtorum receptrix (after Cicero, Verr. 4, 8, 17) : furum latibulum. To conceal one’s self in a hiding-place, latebra se occultare : to drive anybody from a hiding-place, aliquem excitare latibulo.  HIE, Vid.

HASTEN, intrans.

HIERARCHICAL, sacerdotalis (relating to priesthood, etc. ).

HIERARCHY, summi sacerdotes, or ii, qui sacerdotium amplissimum habent (the chief priests) : collegium sacerdotum (a body of priests) : amplissimi sacerdotii collegium (Cicero) : * imperium or dominatus sacerdotum (priestcraft, as term of reproach).

HIEROGLYPHIC, hieroglyphicus : hierographicus (late) : literis Ægyptiis scriptus (Tacitus).

HIEROGLYPHICS, literæ Ægyptiæ (Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 60, 3) : literæ hieroglyphicæ or hierographicæ (late writers).

HIEROPHANT, hierophanta or -tes (Nepos, Pelop. , 3 ; inscriptions, Orell. , 2361).

HIGGLE, || To carry on a little retail trade, mercaturam tenuem facere (to be a small dealer) : cauponam exercere (to deal in a small way in provisions, but especially wine) : * merces ostiatim venditare (to offer goods for sale at people’s door). || Chaffer, vid.  HIGGLER, institor (general term) : caupo (in provisions, but especially wine) : * qui merces ostiatim venditat.  HIGH, altus (denotes the perpendicular height of an object, or the distance of its highest point from the surface of the earth ; hence, in expressions of measure, it is only this adjective that can be used) : celsus (high in respect of others ; of things which rise above the level of the earth, or above the usual standard) : excelsus (towering high above others, remarkably high. All these are used figuratively when high = “lofty, ” “elevated, ” but with this difference, that altus denotes loftiness absolutely ; celsus and excelsus, in comparison with less elevated objects) : editus : in altum editus (raised from a level or lower country, opposed to planus ; only of places, hills, and mountains) : elatus (raised, lofty, especially of words, tones, elati modi, and then of ingenium) : erectus (upright, standing straight up ; then figuratively ; e. g. , high-minded) : arduus : aditu arduus (high in respect of the lateral surfaces of on object, which rises more in a perpendicular than in a sloping direction ; figuratively arduus denotes what is hardly, if at all, attainable) : procerus (stretched out in length ; grown tall, slim; opposed to brevis, Greek εὐμήκης, only of things which have attained to their height by growth) : sublimis (directed upward toward the sky, high in the air, of things which float or rise high in the air; opposed to humilis ; figuratively = raised above the ordinary standard, exceeding the ordinary powers of understanding ; able to penetrate more deeply into a thing) : acutus (clear , of tone; opposed to gravis ; in which signification altus is not Latin, since altus sonus, alta vox relate to the fullness, body, or compass of the
sound ; vid. Quintilianus, 11, 3, 23 ; Cutull. 12, 18) : carus (dear, high in price) : magnus (great, considerable, high in price, then high in its intensive strength and importance) : amplus (high in dignity) : nobilis (high in birth and reputation) : higher, also superior (upper, both in situation and in rank) : very high, also præaltus : the highest, summus (the highest, greatest, in respect of what is higher, in situation, rank, degree, etc. ; opposed to imus, infimus) : supremus (the highest, uppermost, in respect of a lower ; hence, also, the highest in degree or rank; opposed to infimus) ; the superlatives of the other adjectives may of course be used : the Most High (i. e. , God) ; Deus supremus (the Supreme God) ; Deus optimus maximus (the best and greatest). In denoting measure, the Latins express “high” either by altus, with the accusative, or by in altitudinem (τὸ ὕψος) with the genitive of the measure ; e. g. , to be fifty feet high, quinquaginta  pedes altum esse, or in altitudinem quinquaginta pedum eminere. A high mountain, mons altus, excelsus or arduus : an extremely high mountain, mons in immensum editus : a high hill, collis in altum editus ; collis aditu arduus : a not very high hill, collis paullum ex planitie editus : a place whose situation is high, locus editus or in altum editus : a higher place, locus editior or superior : of persons, trees, etc. [vid. TALL] : high water, aquæ magnæ (Livius, 24, 9) : very high water, aquæ ingentes (Livius, 38, 28) : to fall from on high, ex alto decidere : to rise or fly high in the air, sublime (Cf. , in sublime is not classical) ferri (general term) ; sublimem abire (general term, of living creatures) ; sublime se levare (of birds) : to soar very high, altissime assurgere (of the mind ; vid. Plinius, Ep. , 8, 4, 3) : to be high of the weather-glass), * alte assurrexisse or ascendisse : to lie high (as a house), eminere ; * in loco editiore exstructum esse : high time, tempus summum ; temporis discrimen (with the idea of danger) : it is high time, tempus urget : it is high time for you to go, * jam censeo, abeas : it is high time for you to come, exspectatus venis : when the sun was already high. , multo jam die : a high price, pretium magnum : at a high price, magni pretii (esse) ; magno (constare) : to buy at a high price, magno emere : to become higher in price, carius fieri or venire (general term, to become dearer, to be sold for more) ; ingravescere, incendi (to rise, get up ; of the annona ; i. e. , corn, or price of corn) : to bid higher, * plus promittere (general term, to be willing to give more) ; contra liceri (at auctions) : constantly to bid higher than another (to outbid him), aliquo licente contra liceri : to bid too high, immoderatius liceri in aliqua re : to attribute a high value to anything, to place a high value on it, aliquid magni or magno æstimare ; alicui rei multum tribuere : to charge anything high to anybody, aliquid alicui magni inducere (as a service) : to be of higher value than anything (figuratively), præstare alicui rei (e. g. , bona existimatio præstat divitiis ; Cicero, De Or. , 2, 40, 172) : high and low, summi et infimi : the highest magistrates, summi magistratus : the higher sciences, studia altiora et artes : the higher mathematics, * mathematica altiora (noun plural) : a high style of composition, sublime dicendi genus : a thing is too high for me (exceeds my power of comprehension), aliquid mente mea assequi or capere non possum ; aliquid procul est a mea cogitatione : a high opinion, magna opinio (e. g. , men entertain a high opinion of his courage, aliquis habet magnam opinionem virtutis ; vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 7, 60 ; cf. Livius, 6, 6, 9, ut tanto de se consensu civitas opinionem, quæ maxima sit, constantem efficiat : (Cf. , alta opinio is not classical). To have a high opinion of one’s self ; to carry one’s head high, magnifice de se statuere : to aim high (figuratively), altiores spiritus gerere (Tacitus, Hist. , 3, 66, 5) : to have high thoughts, altum quiddam et sublime spirare (Seneca, Ep. , 16, 23). || The highest bidder, plurimo licens : to sell anything to the highest bidder, ad licitationem aliquid deducere (Ulpianus, Dig. 10, 2, 6) : to be publicly sold to the highest bidder, sub hasta venire. || In the highest degree, maxime ; multo maxime ; quam potest maxime ( e. g. , maxime fidelis ; multo maxime memorabilis ; multo maxime or quam potest maxime miserabilis ; but never maximopere, which occurs only with the verbs petere, orare).

HIGH-BLOWN, Vid. INFLATED.  HIGH-BORN, generosus : generosa ab stirpe profectus : nobili or summo loco natus : splendidis natalibus ortus.  HIGH- DESIGNING, altiores spiritus gerens (Tacitus, 3, 66, 4).

HIGH-FLOWN, magnificus : ad magnificentiam compositus (pompous) : inflatus : tumidus (inflated) : grandiloquus usque ad vitium (of a speaker, Quintilianus).

High-flown language, sermo tumidus : oratio magnifira : a high-flown style, magnificum dicendi genus : to adopt a high-flown style, pompam adhibere in dicendo : to discard all high-flown expressions, ampullas et sesquipedalia verba projicere (Horatius, A. P. , 97).

HIGH-HEARTED, magnus et excelsus : magnitudine animi præstans.  HIGH-HEELED,

High-heeled shoes, calceamenta altiuscula : cothurni (buskins worn by tragic actors, and then also by others, to increase their stature). To wear high-heeled shoes, calceamentis altiusculis uti.

HIGH METTLED, calidus or acer (horse, equus).

HIGH-MINDED, superbus (proud) : excelsus et altus : magnitudine animi præstans (lofty-minded). Riches make men high-minded, divitiæ animos faciunt.  HIGH-PLACED, præstans in republica.

HIGH-PRIEST, perhaps pontifex maximus. The office of high-priest, pontificatus maximus.

HIGH-SEASONED, bene conditus (well-seasoned, Cicero, but figuratively ; male conditus, Horatius) : ita conditus ut nihil possit esse suavius (admirably seasoned) : * multum conditus.

HIGH-SHOULDERED, * altis humeris.  HIGH-SPIRITED, alti spiritus plenus (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 44).

HIGH TREASON, perduellio (a crime by which the freedom of the citizens is endangered, or public security disturbed) : crimen majestatis, or (later) læsæ majestatis (the crime of him who violates the dignity, or disturbs the peace and security of the Roman people ; e. g. , by betraying one of its armies, by promoting sedition or uproar ; and, later, by any offence against the sacred person of the prince ; cf.

Heinecc : Antiquities, Rom. Synt. , 4, 18, 46, sqq. ). In the times of the Republic, the orators, etc. , called “high treason” parricidium patriæ ; or used the general term scelus (opposed to pietas ; cf. Cicero, Sull. 2, 6 ; Off. , 3, 21, 83 ; Cat. , 2, 1, 1, and 11, 25 ; vid. commentators). To be guilty of high treason, majestatem populi Romani minuere or lædere (against the state of Rome) ; patriæ parricidio obstringi or se obstringere : to declare anything high treason, juaicare aliquid contra rempublicam factum esse. One who is guilty of high treason, perduellis : civium or reipublicæ parricida (Cicero, Sall. ) ; proditor (traitor) : one who is charged with high treason, perduellionis reus, majestatis reus.  HIGHLANDS, * regio montana.  HIGHLANDER, homo montanus (Cf. , monticola, poetical).

Highlanders, montani (homines).

HIGHLY, alte : excelse (rare) : valde (much, greatly) : magni (at a high price or value ; e. g. , facere, æstimare ; also, magno æstimare ; the former conveying the general notion of valuing [ = valuing highly], the latter laying more stress upon the large sum or price) very highly, permagni, or, with æstimare, permagno ; maximi.

Highly to be respected, maxime colendus : valde observandus : highly delighted, lætissimus : lætitia elatus or exsultans : highly honored, honoratissimus : to value anybody highly, aliquem magni facere ; aliquem admirari, suspicere (look up to him).

HIGHNESS, || Height, vid. || As title : your highness, * tu, celsissime princeps ! HIGHWAY, via (lapidibus) strata (paved road ; cf. Livius, 8, 15, 9 ; in later writers [e. g. , Eutropius] strata only) : via publica : via, qua omnes commeant.

HIGHWAYMAN, grassator : nocturnus grassator.

HILARITY, Vid. MIRTH.  HILL, collis ( the proper word for “hill, ” any considerable and somewhat steep eminence) : clivus (the sloping side of a hill, a gradual ascent) : tumulus (a hillock, a natural or artificial rising of the earth, especially when it projects singly in a plain) : grumus (any artificial heap of earth, still less than a tumulus) : locus editior or superior (general term, any eminence) : that is or grows upon a hill, collinus : a small hill, vid.

HILLOCK.  HILLOCK, colliculus : clivulus : tumulus (SYN. in HILL).

HILLY, clivosus : tumulosus : montanus (in Cicero and Cæsar of persons ; i. e. , mountaineers ; Varro, Livius, Ovidius) : montosus (Cicero) : A hilly district, regio aspera et montosa (Cicero) ; montana (plural adjective, Livius).  HILT, capulus (of a sword, the proper word).

HIMSELF, || (A) As nominative, ipse (Cf. , ipsemet only, Plautus, Amph. Prol. , 10, 2, [ipsemet abiit], and plural ipsimet, Cicero, 3 Verr. , 1, 3). || (B)In an oblique case : (a) by sui (sibi, se, or sese) alone : I have restored my brother to himself, reddidi fratrem sibi : to hurt himself, sibi nocere : to forget himself, sui oblivisci : with himself, secum : (b) by sui and ipse : (1) If an opposition is to be indicated between the subject and some other subject, ipse will be in the nominative (or, in the case of accusative cum infinitive , in the accusative) : Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit = he himself, and no other, did the deed ; so Varius Quintilius se ipse in tabemaculo interfecit, Velleius, 2, 71, 3 ; deforme est de se ipsum prædicare, Cicero. (2) If the opposition is to the object, the ipse will be in the same case as the sui ; aliquis sibi ipsi inimicus est, is an enemy to himself, not (as would be more natural) to another. (3) If, however, a strong emphasis lies on the subject, the ipse may remain in the nominative, even when the object has an implied notion opposed to it ; and, in general, Cicero is partial to the retention of ipse in nominative [Zumpt, 696] ; thus, ut non modo populoRomano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur, Verr. , 1, 6 ; but qui potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipsum (opposed to exercitum) non potest? Manl. 13. Of himself, ipse : sua sponte : ultro (e. g. , polliceri, of his own free will). By himself, per se (ipse) ; per se solus ; suo Marte, but always with reference to the original meaning of the expression : Cf. , not proprio Marte. All = without the help of any other person) : solus (alone) : separatim (separately ; opposed to “in conjunction with others ;” e. g. , ludos et cum collega et separatim edidit) : to live by himself, secum vivere : to have found anything out by himself, per se invenisse aliquid. To learn by himself, sine magistro liiscere : he had done it quite of himself, sua sponte fecerat : to recover himself, ad se redire. To deceive himself, falli. To vex himself, cruciari : to avail himself of anything, uti aliqua re. A likeness of himself, sui similis species (Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 15, 34) ; sua imago (Plautus, Pseud. , 1, 1, 55). To be always himself, or like himself, semper suum esse (e. g. , in disputando, Cicero, Fin. , 4, 4, 10).

HIND, || The stag, cerva. || Boor, vid. || Servant, vid. κυρικιμασαηικο

HINDER, adjective, aversus (turned away ; in the back, not in the front ; opposed to adversus) : posticus (what is behind anything ; e. g. , at the back of a house; opposed to antieus).

Hinder part, pars posterior : pars aversa ; of the head, occipitium ; aversa pars capitis.  HINDER, (1) || Delay ; oppose the execution, etc. , impedire aliquem (aliquid) ; in anything, ab aliqua re, and simply aliqua re (Cf. , never in aliqua re) : impedimento esse alicui (alicui rei) ; in anything, ad aliquid (never in aliqua re) : impedimentum afferre alicui rei faciendæ (general term) : obstare or officere alicui and alicui rei alicujus (to be opposed to anybody ; obstare, simply to stand in the way of ; but officere, to be opposed to as an enemy ; e. g. , alicujus consiliis obstare or officere) : retardare aliquem, in anything, ad aliquid faciendum or ab aliqua re facienda, in aliqua re (to check anybody ; e. g. , aliquem a scribendo retardare ; ad aliquid fruendum) : interpellare aliquem , in anything, in aliqua re (to disturb a person in the practice of anything ; e. g. , in suo jure) : aliquem avocare, avertere, abducere ab aliqua re (to draw off a person from doing or attempting anything ; to hinder him in it). “From, ” with the participial substantive after “to hinder, ” is rendered in Latin by ne or quominus (rarely by an infinitive), and, if a negation precede the verb, by quin ; vid. Zumpt, § 543 : I do not hinder him from, etc. , non moror, quominus, etc. (2) Prevent, prohibere aliquem ; from anything, aliqua re ; more rarely, a re (vid. Mœb. , Cæs. , B. G. , 4, 11) ; from doing anything, ne, quin or quominus, faciat ; where observe that quin points to the result, so that if “I did not hinder his going” means “I did not make any objection to it, ” “I did not try to hinder it, ” we must say non prohibui ne, or quominus proficisceretur ; for non prohibui quin proficisceretur would mean, that “though I tried to hinder him, he nevertheless went. ” Of the unsuccessful attempt, non posse prohibere (quin) is more common (Krüger, 575, after Haase ad Reisig. , p. 579) : arcere aliquem re and a re (to hinder by keeping off ; to guard against) : dehortari (to dissuade), after which verb the English “from, ” after “to hinder, ” is expressed by ne or quominus, or by infinitive ; vid. Zumpt, § 543, sq. , who says that impedire and deterrere are sometimes, and prohibere often, followed by infinitive : avocare, abducere aliquem a re (as it were, to call back, bring away anybody from a thing). To hinder an enemy from laying waste, from crossing, etc. hostem prohibere populationibus, transftu : to hinder anybody from flight, fugam alicujus reprimere : to be hindered (to be interrupted or disturbed in one’s business), interpellari : to be hindered by very important business, maximis occupationibus distineri or impediri. We are hindered from doing anything, prohibemur aliquid facere.  HINDRANCE, impedimentum (Cf. , not obstaculum) : avocatio a re (to an occupation, to business) : mora (delay, cause of delay). To be a hindrance, impedimenti loco esse : to be a hindrance to a person or thing, impedimento esse alicui or alicui rei, ad aliquid (Cf. , never in aliqua re) ; impedire aliquem or aliquid, in anything, ab aliqua re, or aliqua re only (Cf. , never in aliqua re) ; impedimentum afferre, in or to anything, alicui rei faciendæ (of persons and things) ; obesse alicui and alicui rei (to be against a person or thing; opposed to prodesse) [cf. to HINDER] : it was a great hindrance to the Gauls in battle, that, etc. , Gallis magno ad pugnam erat impedimento, quod, etc. : I will be no hindrance, nulla in me or per me est mora ; nihil in me est mora : I will be no hindrance to his resigning the decemvirate, non moror, quominus abeat a decemviratu.  HINDERER, morator (delayer ; e. g. , publici commodi, Livius, 2, 4) ; or by circumlocution qui impedimentum affert alicui rei faciendæ ; qui impedimento est alicui rei, ad aliquid, etc.  HINDMOST,

HINDERMOSTacitus, Vid. LAST.  HINGE, s. , cardo (also, improperly, of the hinge on which anything turns ; e. g. , ubi alicujus rei [litium, Quintilianus, 12, 8, 2] cardo vertitur ; so tanto cardine rerum, Vergilius, Æn. , 1, 672). To take a door off its hinges, emovere postes cardine ; postes a cardine vellere (Vergilius) : a hinge creaks, cardo muttit (Plautus), stridet (Vergilius). Prov. to be off the hinges, perturbari or perturbatum esse ; loco et certo de statu demoveri (of the mind, deprived of its self-possession, Cicero) ; de statu suo declinare (of persons, Cicero).

HINGE, v. , That on which anything hinges, cardo alicujus rei, or ubi alicujus rei cardo vertitur (Quintilianus) ; quod maxime rem continet (Livius, 39, 48, 2).

HINT, v. , indicare alicui aliquid : docere aliquem aliquid (to give anybody private information of anything : Cf. , not indigitare or innuere, Ruhnken, ad Muret. , 2, 117) : significare (to give to understand) : subjicere (to suggest ; to hint to a person what to say or do) : summonere (to give a warning or secret hint ; only Terentius and Suetonius) : alicui nutu signum dare († to give a sign). To hint at anything, significare aliquid or de aliqua re : tangere aliquid (to touch it).

HINT, s. , significatio (general term, for making it understood who or what one means) : nutus (nod). To throw out several plain hints, multas nec dubias significationes jacere (Suetonius, Ner. , 37) : If I had given the slightest hint, the thing might have been easily done, si innuissem modo, hoc facile perfici posset.

HIP, coxa : coxendix.  HIPPISH, Vid.

HYPOCHONDRIAC.  HIPPOGRIFF, * hippogryps (cf. hippocentaurus, etc. ).

HIPPOPOTAMUS, hippopotamus (Plinius) : equus fiuviatilis (Plinius, 8, 21, 30).

HIRE, s. , merces ; yearly, annua (for persons and things, as pay, wages for hire) : vectigal (as the income of one who lets on hire).

HIRE, v. , conducere, with or without mercede or pretio.

Hired laborers, operæ conductæ or mercenariæ. || To hire one’s self out, se or operam suam locare (Plautus) ; to anybody, alicui ; for any purpose, ad aliquam rem.  HIRED, conducticius (of persons and thing) : mercenarius (of persons) : (mercede) conductus : (Cf. , conducticius and mercenarius are used in respect of the class to which the person or thing hired belongs ; (mercede) conductus, in respect of the person or thing hired, considered individually as to its state : thus domus conducticia is a house belonging to the class of those which are let on hire, as opposed to those which are private property (see Porc. , ap. Suet. , vit. Terent. , 1, extr. ) ; domus (mercede) conducta is a house which I have hired, in which I live as tenant : miles conducticius or mercenarius is a soldier belonging to the class of those who serve for pay ; miles mercede conductus is one whom I have taken into pay.  HIRELING, Vid.

HIRED (ofpersons).

HIRER, conductor.  HIS, suus (when it relates to the principal substantive of the sentence ; i. e. , to the definite subject or object of the verb to which it belongs itself) : ejus, illius (when it does not relate to the principal substantive of the sentence, and whenever the use of suus would create an ambiguity ; thus, accipiter cepit columbam in nido suo would leave it doubtful whether the hawk’s nest or the dove’s was meant : so Sextius. . . ad eum [Scipionem] filium ejus adduxit, i. e. , Scipio’s ; suum would be ambiguous. Achæi Macedonum regem
suspectum habebant pro ejus crudelitate, Livius, ; but suus is even here used when the sense of the passage sufficiently guards against the grammatically possible obscurity ; cf. Krüger, 407). Cf. , 1. In a dependent sentence, suus is generally used when the “his” relates to the subject of the principal sentence, provided it could not be referred to the subject of the dependent sentence itself ; e. g. , tum ei dormienti idem ille visus est rogare, ut quoniam sibi vivo non subvenisset, mortem suam ne inultam esse pateretur ; sometimes, however, ejus is used in tins case (vid. remark on ejus, illius), and very often ipsius, which should be regularly used when suus would produce an ambiguity ; e. g. , Cæsar, milites suos incusavit – cur de sua [ = militum] virtute, aut de ipsius [= Cæsaris] diligentia desperarent, Cæsar. Cf. , In the case of the accusative with the infinitive, “is” is allowable, (α) if the accusative with the infinitive does not depend immediately on the verb to whose subject the “his” refers ; e. g. , Siculi me sæpe pollicitum esse dicebant – commodis eorum me non defuturum ; the accusative and infinitive depends immediately on pollicitum esse, not dicebant : (β) if the pronoun relates not to the subject, but to the object, aranti Q. Cincinnato nuntiatum est, eum dictatorem esse factum, Cicero ; but here sui is correct and common (Krüger, 411). Cf. , In dependent clauses with a finite verb : if the verb is in indicative, ” is” is used ; if in the subjunctive, suus : tangebatur animi dolore, quod domum ejus. . . reddiderunt nudam atque inanem, where it might be quod domum suam reddidissent, if the statement were not made as a fact : These rules, however, are neither of them without exception (Krüger, 411, 412). Cf. , 2. In co-ordinate clauses (joined by ‘but, ” “and”) “is” is used ; thus, when two subjects are connected by “and, ” the second being referred to the first by “his, ” ejus is used ; but if the connection is by cum, suus is used ; e. g. , Isocrates et discipuli ejus ; Isocrates cum discipulis suis ; so, too, Isocrates sine discipulis suis. Cf. , 3. “His” in Latin, is not expressed unless there is some emphasis or distinction, or the notion of possession is to be strongly marked ; e. g. , not my book, but his, non meus liber, sed illius.

His own, suus proprius : ejus proprius (when possession is strongly marked : the former, when the reference is to the principal substantive ; the latter, when not) : suus (when possession is either not meant, or not strongly marked) : Cf. , suus is sometimes strengthened by the appended met or pte, and by the addition of ipse, agreeing with the subject or other principal word to which “his” refers ; Crassum suapte interfectum manu, Cicero ; sævitia, quam. . . in sanguine ipse suo exerceret, Livius, 7, 4. Sometimes the ipse is in the genitive, but this “does not occur so often as Drakenborch [Livius, 7, 40, 9] thinks” (Z. ), when the reference is to the subject ; e. g. , suum ipsius caput exsecratum, Livius 30, 20, for ipsum.

His party, friends, etc. , sui : to render to every man his due, suum cuique tribuere. Cf. , “On his part, ” after a negative, nec. . . quidem (e. g. , sed nec Jugurtha quidem interea quietus erat, Sallustius, Jug. , 51).

HISS, v. , sibilare (Cf. , sibilum edere, fundere, or effundere are poetical) : stridēre or stridĕre (to hiss horribly ; also of iron plunged in water ; Lucretius, 6, 149). To hiss and hoot [vid.

HOOT]. || To hiss at, off, or down, sibilare : exsibilare : sibilis consectari, conscindere (ἐκσυρίττειν, to show dissatisfaction with anybody by hissing ; to hiss at a speaker or actor) : aliquem sibilis vexare (Val. Max. ) : e scena sibilis explodere (to drive off the stage by hissing ; to hiss an actor off the stage) : ejicere, exigere (ἐκβάλλειν, ἐκρίπτειν, general term, by hissing, whistling, or stamping ; to cry down either a speaker, author, actor, or a play ; vid. Ruhnken. Vell. , 2, 28, 3 ; Terentius, Andr. Prol. , 27). To be hissed down or off, ejici, exigi (to fail, ἐκπίπτειν) : to hiss at or down a piece or play, exigere fabulam : one that has never been hissed at, intactus a sibilo.  HISS,

HISSING, sibilus : sibilum (of the whistling of the wind, etc. , also of serpents, Ovidius ; and especially of popular assemblies, etc. ) : stridor (the angry hissing of serpents, geese, etc. ).

HIST! st! or st! tacete (cf. Cicero, De Or. , 2, 64 ; Fam. 16, 24, 2).

HISTORIAN, historiarum scriptor : scriptor, with or without rerum, or rerum gestarum : rerum explicator : rerum gestarum pronunciator (so far as he arranges, writes down, or relates facts and occurrences) : rerum antiquarum scriptor (as describing the affairs of times long past) : auctor, with and without rerum, or rerum gestarum (so far as he is used or quoted as authority) : Cf. , historicus denotes rather a person who devotes himself to historical pursuits, a render or investigator of history, who, however, may also be a writer of history ; cf. Top. , 20, 78 ; Nepos, Alcib. , 11, 1 : Cf. , not historiographus. An historian of great name or accuracy, auctor gravissimus : an historian of no authority, of no great accuracy, auctor levis nec satis fldus : the earlier historians, priores (vid. Walch, Tac. , Agric. , 10, 1, p. 178) : the old historians, scriptores veteres or antiqui ; (from context), veteres or antiqui only [SYN. in ANCIENT] : future historians, historiarum futuri scriptores.  HISTORIC,

HISTORICAL, historicus (opposed to oratorius, quotidianus, etc. ; e. g. , genus historicum ; sermo historicus). But the word is to be used cautiously ; the genitives historiæ, rerum, will often help.

Historical books, (not libri historici, but) literarum monumenta : commentarii : annales : literæ.

Historical accuracy, historiæ or rerum fides (historica fides only in Ovidius, Am. , 3, 12, 44). To describe a person’s character with historical accuracy, aliquem ad historiæ fidem scribere (Cicero). An historical painter, * qui res gestas, or res ex annalibus depromptas pingit : to illustrate a subject by historical examples, * ex annalibus depromta referre de, etc. : to pass from mythological to historical times, ut jam a fabulis ad facta veniamus.

Historical painting, * res gestas pingendi ars. An historical picture, pictura (or tabula picta) rerum gestarum (after Plinius, 16, 33, 60, and 35, 4, 7). A dry narrator of historical facts, non exornator rerum sed tantummodo narrator (Cicero). “Historical studies;” vid. phrases under HISTORY.  HISTORICALLY, historice. To state anything as historically true, obligare verba sua historica fide (Ovidius).

HISTORIOGRAPHER, scriptor rerum (gestarum) : scriptor historiarum. Vid.

HISTORIAN.  HISTORY, || A narration, narratio : diminutive, narratiuncula : memoria alicujus rei or de re (account that is in existence, or has been circulated ; e. g. , de Myrone memoria duplex prodita est). || History = collected narrative of events, res or res gestæ : memoria rerum gestarum : memoria annalium : res veteres : antiquitas (i. e. , ancient history) : literæ (as far as contained in books or other written documents, especially as bearing on national customs and manners ; Nepos, Præf. , 2 ; Pel. , 1, 1) : historia or historia rerum gestarum (mostly implying a scientific or careful treatment of the subject). Fabulous or mythological history, historia fabularis (Suetonius) ; fabulæ. The Roman history, res populi Romani ; literæ populi Roman ; historia populi Romani. Universal history, perpetua rerum gestarum historia (Cicero, Fam. , 5, 12, 6). Cf. , An adjective with “history” should mostly be translated by a genitive with rerum ; thus, sacred, profane history, historia rerum sacrarum, profanarum ; or, at all events, historia, quam dicimus sacram, profanam, etc. Grecian history, historia rerum Græcarum, or res Græcæ only. To write a history, historiam scribere, componere, or instituere ; rerum gestarum historiam complecti : to write the history of his own times, scribere historiam earum rerum, quæ sunt ipsius ætate gestæ (Cicero) : to write the Roman history, res Romanas, or populi Romani, historia comprehendere, perscribere ; res Romanas in historiam conferre : to complete a history, historiam perficere, absolvere : to study history, historiæ se dare : to be well read or versed in history, historias plures novisse : to be very fond of history, esse magno studio rerum veterum : to have no knowledge of history, nullam memoriam antiquitatis collegisse : Well versed in ancient history, omnis antiquitatis peritissimus.  HISTRIONIC, histrionalis : scenicus. Vid. THEATRICAL.  HIT, v. , icere : ferire : percutere (icere mostly by throwing, e. g. , fulmine ictus : ferire by pushing, striking ; but also by missiles : percutere, stronger than icere, to strike a man such a blow as shakes him through and through) : pulsare (to knock or strike either a person or thing ; of a person, to strike him with hand or stick, to wound his honor by a blow) : mulcare (to beat a man soundly with fists or clubs). To hit anybody with a stone, aliquem lapide percutere : to be hit by a stone from the wall, saxo de muro ici : to hit the mark, or to “hit” (absolutely), scopum ferire, or ferire only ; collineare (e. g. , quis est. . . qui totam diem jaculans non aliquando collineet? Cicero) : not to hit the mark, non ferire (of the person) ; deerrare (of the thing shot or hurled) : to hit the bull’s eye, medium ferire : you have hit the right nail on the head, rem acu tetigisti (Plautus, Rud. , 5, 2, 19) : anybody is hit hard (as remark of another person), hoc habet (gladiatorial term). || To reach com pletely. To hit anything ( = to discover it b happy conjecture), aliquid (conjectura) assequi. You have hit it, recte! rem tenes! acu tetigisti (Plautus, Rud. , 5, 2, 19). To hit (off) an exact likeness of anything or anybody, veram alicujus or alicujus rei imaginem reddere. || To hit anybody (by one’s words), tangere (e. g. , quo pacto Rhodium tetigerim, Tertullianus, Ennius 3, 1, 30). To be hit hard ( = to be taken in to a great amount ; colloquial), probe tactum esse (Plautus = to be well taken in). INTRANS. , To hit against anything, offendere in aliqua re, or ad aliquid : impingi alicui rei : allidi ad aliquid [SYN. in DASH against] : incurrere in aliquid (to run against ; e. g. , in columnas, Cicero). To hit against anybody, incidere atque incurrere in aliquem. || To hit upon( = to meet or find accidentally ; light upon), incidere in aliquid. To hit upon the right word, aptum vocabulum ponere (in writing).    HIT, s. , || Blow, Vid. That is a palpable hit! hoc habet! (term of the gladiatorial shows = ” he has caught it this time”). A lucky hit; vid. “LUCKY chance. ”  HITCH, v. , || TRANS. , To catch by a hook ; [vid. To HOOK]. || INTRANS. , To hitch along (= hobble on), prorepere (to creep forth or forward ; Horatius, Columella, Suetonius, Plinius ; not Cicero) : claudicare (to limp ; properly and improperly) : ” to hitch in rhyme” (Pope), * versu claudicare (claudicare, of lame compositions, both Cicero and Quintilianus).

HITCH, s. , || Hook, catch, vid. || Sudden impediment ; vid. IMPEDIMENT.  HITHER, huc :

Hither and thither, huc illuc (e. g. , cursare, Cicero) ; huc atque illuc (e. g. , intueri) ; huc et illuc (e. g. , vagari, Cicero) ; tum huc tum illuc (e. g. , volare, Cicero). So huc illucque (Plinius) ; huc illucve (Celsus, 6, 6, 36).

HITHER, adjective, citerior.  HITHERTO, || (a) Up to this time, adhuc : adhuc usque, ad hoc tempus : ad hunc diem (up to the present point of time in which the speaker lives) : (usque) ad id or illud tempus : ad id loci or ad id locorum (up to that point when past circumstances are spoken of ; respecting ad id loci, vid. Fabri, Sall. , Jug. , 63, 6). Not. . . hitherto, nondum : adhuc non (the latter form opposes the present to the future emphatically ; the verb will be in the present, perfect, definite, or future. If a past time is referred to, ad id tempus is used : Cf. , non adhuc is not, as some assert, unclassical, Krebs ; cf. Pr. , Intr. , ii. 340). And not. . . hitherto ; nor. . . hitherto, necdum, neque dum : neque adhuc (the latter if there is the marked opposition between present and future, as pointed out above ; Cf. , seldom et nondum). Nobody. . . hitherto, nemo adhuc or adhuc nemo : no. . . hitherto, nullusdum : nullus adhuc : nothing. . . hitherto, nihildum : nihil adhuc or adhuc nihil [vid. authorities in Krebs, adhuc]. [Vid. YET. ] Cf. , Hactenus, “up to this point, ” “so far, ” is never “up to this time, ” in Cicero or Cæsar, ; but Livy uses it in this sense [e. g. , 7, 26, 6] ; so, also, Ovidius, It is, however, classical and common in such a passage as “hitherto I have treated of, ” etc. , with reference to the progress of a speech, etc. , where, though it refers to space, the progress through that space requires time. || (b) Up to this place, (usque) ad hunc locum : huc usque. || (c) Up to this point, hactenus.  HITHERWARD, horsum ( = huc vorsum, comedy) : huc.  HIVE, s. , alvus or alveus : alvearium : tectum (apium) : also vasculum (small hive ; Pallad. , Jun. , 7, 8) ; and, from context, domicilium : apiarium (Columella). Sometimes mellarium (according to Varro). To put bees into a hive, apes in alvearium congerere (Cicero, Fragm. ) : to keep the hive, alveo se continere : to make a hive, alvearium facere or (†) vimine texere : the door or mouth of a hive, foramen, quo exitus et introitus datur apibus (Columella, 9, 7, 5). To place hives on raised frames, three feet high, super podia ternis alta pedibus alvearia collocare (Pallad. , 1, 38).

HIVE, v. , (apes) in alvearium congerere (Cicero, Fragm. Œcon. ).

HO! eho! ehodum! (comedy, ho! you there! in questioning or scolding exclamations, commands, etc. ) : ho! (interjection, of astonishment. )  HOARD, s. , acervus (e. g. , æris, auri, pecuniæ).  HOARD, v. , coacervare (to heap together ; pecuniam, Cicero ; the simple acervare not Cicero) : construere (to pile up, divitias, Horatius ; acervos nummorum, Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) construere et coacervare (e. g. , pecuniam, Cicero) : undique conquirere (to hunt for it every where ; pecuniam, opes) : condere (to put in a secret place for preservation ; aurum) : seponere (to put aside, to lay by, especially = to hoard for a particular purpose ; ad or in aliquid ; quod ex istis. . . rebus receptum est ad illud fanum [sc. ornandum] sepositum putare, Cicero ; pecuniam in ædificationem templi, Livius) : accumulare (to add more and more to a hoard already existing, addit, auget, accumulat, Cicero).  HOARDER, accumulator (e. g. , opum, Tacitus ; not found elsewhere).  HOAR-FROST, pruina (often plural, pruinæ, of a thick hoar-frost). Covered with hoar-frost, pruinosus : pruinis obsitus (thickly covered).  HOARINESS, color canus : canities (†) : albitudo (capitis, Plautus, Trin. , 4, 2, 32).  HOARSE, raucus : somewhat hoarse, subraucus : to cry or scream one’s self hoarse, ad ravim usque declamare (vid. Lindem. ad Vit. Duumv. , p. 12) : to become hoarse, raucum fieri ; irraucescere : to have made one’s self (talked one’s self) hoarse, jam raucum esse factum (e. g. , rogitando) : to ask anything till one is hoarse, or to make one’s self hoarse with asking, usque ad ravim poscere.  HOARSELY, * rauca voce.  HOARSENESS, raucitas (Celsus, Plinius) : ravis (but only in accusative singular, ravim).  HOARY, canus.

Hoary hairs, cani capilli, or cani only : Cf. , canities, poetical.

Hoary antiquity (poetical), antiquitas ultima, prisca vetustas (alicujus rei ; e. g. , verborum, Cicero). Vid. GRAY.  HOAX, s. , perhaps * lepidum quoddam commentum : * jocosa quædam fraus (after jocosum furtum, Horatius) : facinus lepidum et festivum (Plautus, Pœn. , 1, 2, 95). Vid. TRICK, DECEPTION.  HOAX, v. , (egregie) alicui imponere (to impose on anybody ; general term) : ludere aliquem jocose satis (Cicero) : aliquem lepide ludificari (Plautus) : * lepido quodam commento imponere alicui : ludere aliquem vafra arte (after Ovidius, A. A. , 3, 333). Vid. To DECEIVE.  HOBBLE, v. , claudicare (to halt ; properly and improperly) : to have a hobbling gait, claudicare.  HOBBLE, s. , || Limping gait, by circumlocution : claudicatio (lameness ; Cicero) : || Scrape, vid.  HOBBLINGLY, Vid. LAMELY.  HOBBY,

HOBBY-HORSE, || PROPR. , arundo. To ride a hobby-horse, equitare in arundine longa, (Horatius). || IMPROPR. , A man’s hobby, studium alicujus (his favorite pursuit) : morbus et insania alicujus ( if he pursues it recklessly, etc. ; both of Verres’s passion for plate, ornamental furniture, etc. ; venio nunc ad istius, quemadmodum ipse appellat, studium, ut amici ejus, morbum et insaniam, Cicero, 4 Verr. , init. ). Every man has his hobby, trahit sua quemque voluptas (Vergilius) ; sua cuique sponsa, mihi mea (Attil. , ap. Cic. , Att. , 14, 20, 3) : hic in illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget. To ride one’s hobby-horse, ineptiis suis plaudere (Tacitus, Dial. , 32, extr. ). Vid. “FAVORITE pursuit. ”  HOBBY, (a sort of hawk) * falco æsalon (Linnæus).  HOBGOBLIN, Vid. GOBLIN.  HOBNAIL, Vid. NAIL.  HOBSON’S CHOICE, It is Hobson’s choice, * potestas optioque, ut eligas, non est facta : * optio non or nulla datur : * nulla est eligendi optio.  HOCK, s. , suffrago (knee-joint of the hind leg of four-footed animals) : poples (general term for knee-joint ; of men or animals).  HOCK, v. , succidere poplites (Livius).  HOCUS-POCUS, Vid. “JUGGLER’S trick. ”  HOD, * loculus cæmentariorum.  HODGE-PODGE, Vid. FARRAGO.  HOE, ligo (broad, and with a long handle, longi ligones, Ovidius, used for cleaning the ground, breaking the clods, etc. : the iron of the blade was curved ; hence fractus ligo, Columella, poet. , 10, 88 : it had, probably, a narrower blade, a hoe, at the other end) : marra (post-Augustan ; nearly = ligo ; lata marra, Columella) : capreolus (a two-pronged hoe, a fork for weeding ; from resemblance of its prongs to goat’s horns) : pastinum (“furcum bimembrum, ” Columella, 3, 18, 1 ; especially for weeding vineyards) : sarculum (with only one prong or blade ; hence the most like our “hoe ;” used also for loosening the soil, breaking the clods, etc. ) : rastrum, or, diminutive, rastellus (with many teeth, rake ; but also used for weeding, breaking the clods, etc. Cf. , Not rastellum).  HOE, v. , sarrire : pastinare (to hoe over a vineyard, etc. ). Cf. , Poetical expressions are agros findere sarculo ; ligonibus domare or pulsare arva, etc.  HOG, sus (general term) : porcus (also as term of abuse) : majalis (castrated).

Hog’s (as adjective), suiilus ; porcinus : hog’s bristle, seta suilla : hog’s flesh, (caro) suilla or porcina : hog’s lard, adeps suillus. To deal in hogs, suariam facere (Inscriptions). A dealer in hogs, negotiator suarius, or suarius, porcinarius only.  HOGGISH,
Vid. BRUTISH, GLUTTONOUS, FILTHY, according to meaning.  HOGGISHNESS, Vid. BRUTISHNESS, FILTHINESS.  HOGHERD, subulcus : suarius. To be a hogherd, sues pascere.  HOGSHEAD, * mensura major, quam hogshead vocant ; or cadus : dolium. Vid. CASK.  HOG-STY, hara : suile (Columella, 7, 9, 14).  HOIDEN, * puella proterva or protervior : * puella inculta, rustica, etc.  HOIST, [vid. To RAISE, To LIFT UP], suspendere ac tollere aliquid (Cæsar). To hoist up with ropes, funibus subducere (e. g. , cataractam, Livius, 27, 28, 10). to hoist sail, vela subducere : vela pandere (to spread out the sails).

HOLD, (I) TRANS. (1) To have seized hold of, tenere (in nearly all the applications of the English word) : to hold anybody by the cloak, pallio aliquem tenere : to hold anybody by the hand, alicui manus dare (in order to lead him) ; aliquem manu retmere (to hold back with the hand). || To hinder the motion of a person or thing ; to prevent its advancing or falling, tenere : sustinere : retinere : sublevare (to support, lest he should fall ; “holding each other up, ” sublevantes invicem, Livius, 5, 47, 2) : to hold (hold in) a horse, equum sustinere : hold me! (that I may not fall) retine me! hold the thief! tenete furem! to be scarcely able to hold their arms, arma vix sustinere posse ; vix arma humeris gestare (Livius) ; vix armorum tenendorum potentia est (Livius, 21, 54) : to hold one’s breath, animam continere or comprimere. || To hold or keep up in a certain direction, applicare or admovere ad aliquid : to hold a bunch of flowers to one’s nose, fasciculum florum ad nares admovere : to hold a napkin before one’s face or mouth, sudarium ante faciem obtendere (so that the face is concealed) ; sudarium ad os applicare. || To entertain ; e. g. , an opinion, sententiam aliquam habere, aliquid sentire. I shall continue to hold this opinion, de hac sententia non demovebor : to continue to hold an opinion, in opinione perstare, manere, permanere : to be better able to say what opinion I do not hold, than what I do hold, facilius, quid non sentiam, quam quid sentiam, posse dicere. I still hold my opinion, that we should do nothing, except, etc. , adhuc in hac sum sententia, nihil ut faciamus, nisi, etc. [Vid.

HOLD, INTRANS. = to be of opinion. ] || To hold together, continere (properly and figuratively ; e. g. , to hold a state together, rempublicam continere, Cicero). To be held together by anything, aliqua re adjungi et contineri (properly) ; aliqua re contineri (figuratively). || To consider, vid. || To retain a liquid without letting it run out, etc. , humorem non transmittere : not to hold water, humorem, aquam, etc. , transmittere ; humor, aqua, etc. , perfluit per aliquid (e. g. , per dolium, cadum). || To keep possession of, tenere, etc. [Vid. POSSESS, RETAIN, KEEP. ] || To occupy, have, etc. To hold an office, muims obire, sustinere ; munere fungi ; magistratum gerere : to hold the title of, appellari aliquem (e. g. , regem) ; * aliquo nomine honoris causa ornari. || To hold lands, etc. (as tenant), conducere (opposed to locare, to let) : to hold lands of a (feudal) superior, prædium velut fiduciarium ab aliquo accipere. || To restrain, vid. , and to HOLD IN. || To bind morally, tenere : to be held by a vow or promise, voto, promisso teneri (Cicero). [Vid. To BIND. ] || To support what one bears, lifts, etc. , tenere. gestare [vid. CARRY]. To hold a boy in one’s arms, puerum in manibus gestare (Terentianus) : to hold anything in one’s hand, tenere aliquid in manu (Cicero) or manu (Quintilianus, Hor. , etc. ). || To contain in itself, continere (to hold in itself, to contain) : capere (to contain ; of vessels, as a measure, etc. ) : an amphora holds twenty heminæ, amphora viginti heminas continet or capit. MISCELLANEOUS. To hold a purpose, propositum tenere. To hold one’s tongue, continere linguam ; but mostly tacere ; silere [vid. to be SILENT]. To hold one’s peace [vid. to be SILENT]. To hold anybody to his promise, quæ pollicitus est aliquis, exigere. To hold one’s course any where, cursum tenere aliquo ; sometimes tenere only. Fields which hold the water for a long time, agri, qui diu aquam tenent (Pall. ). (II. ) INTRANS. (1) To be firm or durable, contineri (to be held together, to hold firmly together ; e. g. , of a dam ; as Cæsar, B. C. , 1, 25) : firmum esse (to be firm, durable, to withstand external impressions ; e. g. , of a door, after Ovidius, Am. , 2, 12, 3) : frangi non posse (not to be able to be broken to pieces) : effringi non posse (not to be able to be broken open, of a door, etc. ) : non rumpi (not to burst, of vessels, etc. ) : manere, non evanescere (to remain, not to fade, of colors). (2) To hold with any person or thing, i. e. , to be on his side or party, stare a or cum aliquo ; esse or facere cum aliquo ; alicujus esse studiosum ; alicui favere (to favor a person or party e. g. , the nobles) : malle aliquem or aliquid (to prefer a person or anything ; vid. Seneca, Ep. , 36, 3) : I hold with those who, etc. , res mihi est cum iis, qui, etc. : to hold with neither party, neutrius partis esse (to be neutral). || Hold = hold good (of statements, etc. ), aliquid de aliquo or aliqua re vere (verissime) dicitur (e. g. , I don’t know that what I have said of Corinth does not hold good of Greece generally, quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Græcia verissime dicere, Cicero) : hoc in eo valet, in eum cadit, or ad eum pertinet (is applicable to anybody). || To be of opinion, etc. , tenere aliquid (e. g. , they hold that virtue is the chief good, illud tenent. . . virtutem esse summum bonum). Often by aio (“say”), and “to hold that. . . not, ” by negare (e. g. , Democritus negat sine furore quemquam poetam magnum esse posse, holds that nobody etc. ). HOLD BACK, || TRANS. , (manu) reprehendere (both properly and figuratively) : tenere : retinere : tardare : retardare : arcere : cohibere [SYN. in To KEEP BACK]. To hold back from anything, arcere aliquem (ab) aliqua re (e. g. , homines ab injuria pœna arcet) ; retrahere aliquem ab aliqua re (e. g. , consulem a fœdere) ; revocare aliquem ab aliqua re (e. g. , a scelere) : to hold back one’s assent, retinere assensum ; to uncertain points, cohibere assensionem ab incertis rebus. || To conceal, not declare, occultare : celare, etc. [Vid. CONCEAL. ]I will hold back nothing, nihil occultabo. || INTRANS. , cunctari : tergiversari ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) cunctari et tergiversari. Vid. To LINGER.

HOLD FORTH, || To hesitate, vid. || Offer, propose, [vid.

HOLD OUT]. || Declaim, harangue, vid.

HOLD IN, inhibere (to hold in) : retinere (to hold back) : sustinere (to stop) : to hold in the horses, equos sustinere, or (if in a carriage) sustinere currum : to hold in the reins, frenos inhibere ; habenas adducere : to hold in the breath, spiritum retinere : animam comprimeie.

HOLD OFF, || TRANS. [Vid. To KEEP OFF. ] || INTRANS. , * procul se tenere : fugere or effugere aliquem. HOLD ON, || To continue or proceed in. To hold on one’s course, cursum tenere ; also, tenere only. || To last, tenere (Livius, ; imber, incendium, etc. , tenuit) : obtinere (Livius). Vid. To LAST.

HOLD OUT (anything), || Extend, præbere : porrigere (e. g. , cavam manum, of a beggar) : ostentare (to exhibit ; e. g. , cavam manum) : offerre (e. g. , jugulum, one’s throat to be cut). To hold out one’s hand (to be caned), manum præbere verberibus (†). || Propose, offer (e. g. , hopes, reward), proponere (e. g. , præmium, pœnam, etc. ). || INTRANS. , To hold out under or against anything ; or absolutely, (a) = endure, ferre : perferre : tolerare (to bear with vigor and strength) : sustinere : sustentare (to support one’s self under anything) : excipere (as it were to accept, not to yield to anything) : perpeti (to endure throughout, to the end) : durare : perdurare (to last out, by exertion) : perstare : perseverare (to hold out in a course of action) : permanere (to hold out in a place) : to hold out (against an attack of the enemy), hostium impetum sustinere, excipere : not to be able to hold out against the enemy, hostes or hostium impetum sustinere non posse : to hold out (of persons besieged), urbem retinere defendereque : the sailors could not hold out against the fury of the storm, nautæ vim tempestatis subsistere non poterant : to hold out till night (of besieged persons), sustinere oppugnationem ad noctem. || To last, vid.

HOLD UP, || TRANS. , Raise, tollere : attollere : levare : sublevare : allevare (to help up, assist, to support). To hold up the eyelid, palpebram manu levare ; one’s hands, manus tollere ; to heaven, tendere maims (supplices) ad cœlum : to hold up one’s dress, vestem colligere : to hold up anybody (who is falling), labentem excipere : holding each other up, sublevantes invicem (Livius). To hold up its head, extollere caput : se erigere (both figuratively, Cicero, Planc. , 13, 33). || INTRANS. , To continue fair. If the weather holds up, si erit sudum (Cicero) ; * si serenitas erit.  HOLD, s. , || Grasp with the hand ; by circumlocution (prehensio not used in this sense. ) Cf. , “Hold, ” with a verb, is often expressed by a simple verb : to take or lay hold of, to get hold of, prehendere : apprehendere : comprehendere : manu prehendere aliquem (by the hand) : to get hold of anybody (= to get him in one’s power), aliquo potiri : to lay or take hold of anybody’s cloak, etc. , prehendere aliquem pallio (Plautus)
: to take hold of anybody’s hand, alicujus manum apprehendere (general term) ; dextram alicujus amplecti or complecti (in a friendly way ; also as one making a request, etc. ) ; aliquem prensare (as a suppliant) : to seize hold of, arripere ; of anybody’s hair, aliquem capillo ; also, involare alicui in capillum (to fly at it) : a dog seizes hold of anybody, canis aliquem morsu occupat : to seize hold of anybody’s beard, alicui barbam invadere (Suetonius, Cæsar, 71). The infantry kept up with the cavalry by laying hold of their horses’ manes, pedites jubis equorum sublevati cursum adæquarent : to seize hold of an opportunity, occasionem or alicujus rei faciendæ facultatem arripere ; occasionem avidissime amplecti ; opportunitate or occasione uti : to keep hold of, tenere : to keep fast hold of, pressis manibus tenere aliquid (e. g. , fortunam tuam) : to keep hold of anybody’s hand, prensam alicujus dextram vi attinere (to prevent his striking, Tacitus, Ann. , 1, 35, 3) : the forceps takes fast hold of a tooth, forfex comprehendit dentem : to let go one’s hold of anything, omittere aliquid (e. g. , arma, habenas) ; manu emittere (to throw away) ; de (ex) manibus dimittere : to let go one’s hold of anybody ( = one’s power over him), aliquem ex potestate sua dimittere : to take hold of anything (i. e. , to blame it, etc. ), arripere aliquid ad reprehendendum (Cicero, N. D. , 2, 6). || That of which one lays hold, support, fulcrum, fultura : adminiculum (Livius, 21, 36, of what soldiers took hold of, to climb a rock, etc. ) [Vid. SUPPORT. ] || Prison, custody, vid. || Hold of a ship (with all the rooms, cupboards, etc. ), caverna (Cicero, De Or. , 3, 46, 141) : alveus navis (the hull, the whole frame-work, exclusive of masts and rigging ; cf. Sallustius, Jug. , 21).  HOLDER, || Person who holds ; by circumlocution with verbs under To HOLD. The holder of a bill of exchange, * creditor ex syngrapha. || Instrument that holds, retinaculum (holdfast ; anything to retain or hold fast or back ; perhaps only in plural). If =”something that contains, ” vid. CASE. || Tenant, vid.  HOLDFAST, retinaculum (general term ; vid.

HOLDER : strong holdfasts, valida retinacula, Livius) : ansa or ansa ferrea (Vitruvius ; cramp, to hold two stones together, etc. ) : fibula (for holding two things together).  HOLE, foramen (any larger or smaller opening bored with a round instrument tapering to a point) : cavum (a hole hollowed out in the ground, in a wall, etc. ; e. g. , a mouse-hole, lion’s den, etc. ) : rima (a chink) : fissura (a cleft, greater crack or chink, perhaps also  for a hole in a garment, for which Juvenalis, 3, 150, poetically uses vulnus) : lacuna (a gap, space not filled up ; e. g. , in a pavement) : lumen (the opening of a window, of a door, as opposed to the drapery) : fenestra (the opening of a window, as opposed to a window-shutter) : vulnus (a wound) : gurgustium (a wretched dwelling). That has a hole, perforatus (bored through) ; fissus (cleft, slit up) : full of holes, laceratus (tattered, of garments, etc. ) ; foraminosus (full of bored openings ; late) ; rimosus (full of chinks) ; cribratus (full of holes like a sieve) ; rarus (porous, like a sponge). || To bore a hole, forare (general term, to make a hole in anything) : perforare (to make a hole through anything, to bore through) : terebrare (to bore with a gimlet or other such instrument) : to bore a hole, foramen terebrare or terebra cavare. || Hole to creep out of (improperly), rima aliqua (e. g. , rimam aliquam reperire, Plautus). Vid. EXCUSE. κυρικιμασαηικο  HOLIDAY, dies feriatus (opposed to dies profestus, Plinius, 18, 6, 8, No. 1) : feriæ : There are several holidays next month, sequens mensis complures dies feriatos habet (Plinius) : to take a holiday from business, otium sibi sumere a negotio ; tempus vacat ab aliqua re : to be able to take a holiday, habere otium : to be so far able to take a holiday from business, that, etc. , tantum alicui a re sua est otii, ut, etc. : not to be able to take a holiday, otium non est ; vacui temporis nihil habere : to have a holiday, ferias habere or agere : Cf. , not feriari, though feriatus = otiosus, “making holiday, ” is classical, but rare. || IMPROPR. , To be making holiday, nihil agere : domi desidem sedere (to sit at home idle).  HOLILY, sancte : religiose : pie : caste : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pie sancteque (e. g. , colere).  HOLINESS, sanctitas (the relative holiness of a place that is under the protection of the gods, or rendered sacred and inviolable by some divine law, also of a person, either from his possession of any office that makes his person inviolable [e. g. , royalty], or from his moral purity and worth ; less strong than the English word : Cf. , sanctitudo is an old word, used by Cicero, in sanctitudo sepulturæ, but probably from his purposely choosing a solemn and unusual expression) : cærimonia (the holiness of a god, or of a thing consecrated to a god, which obliges us to regard it with religious respect and veneration ; thus, Cæsar, frag. ap. Suet. , Cæs. , 6, speaks of sanctitas rerum, cærimonia deorum, quorum ipsi in potestate sunt reges ; so cærimoniæ sepulcrorum, etc. ) : religio (the holiness of a place or thing, the violation of which is a sin against conscience ; though it descends far lower than the word “religion, ” it sometimes, in philosophical language, ascends nearly to the [heathen] notion of it ; e. g. , religio est, quæ superioris cujusdam naturæ. . . curam cærimoniamque affert, Cicero, Invent. , 2, 63, 162 ; so cultus deorum et pura religio, Cicero) : pietas erga or adversus deum (piety ; adversus, Cicero, N. D. , 1, 41) : Dei cultus pius (the holy worship of God) : cultus Dei et pura religio (Cicero, the holy worship and inward piety). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) pietas et sanctitas (e. g. , deos placatos efficit, Cicero) ; religio cærimoniaque (of holy rites or worship) ; sanctitas et religio (Cicero) ; innocentia et sanctitas (Plinius, Cicero arranges the terms thus, quæ potest esse pietas? quæ sanctitas? quæ religio?). To violate the holiness of a place, alicujus loci religionem violare ; also, locum religiosum violare (Cicero, Rabir. perd. , 2, 7) : to violate all holiness (of sacred places and rites), omnes cærimonias polluere (Livius, 6, 41) : to lose its character of holiness, religionem amittere (of a place) : to take from a place its character of holiness, locum religione liberare ; locum exaugurare (of the solemn act of the augurs ; opposed to inaugurare).

HOLLO! heus!

Hollo! Syrus, hollo!I say, heus Syre, heus! inquam. Cf. , In addressing a person indignantly, it is better to add tu.

Hollo! Rufio, have the goodness not to tell any lie, heus tu, Rufio, cave sis [ = si vis] mentiaris (Cicero).  HOLLO, v. , Vid.

HALLOO.  HOLLOW, adjective, cavus (both “hollow” and “hollowed out”) : concavus (concave ; opposed to gibbus).

Hollow teeth, dentes concavi (naturally ; e. g. , the tusks of a boar ; opposed to dentes solidi) ; dentes exesi (decayed; opposed to integri) : hollow eyes, lumina cava (†) ; oculi concavi : hollow cheeks, genæ concavæ (†). || Of sound, obtusus (opposed to clarus) : fuscus (opposed to candidus ; also, of voice). || False, unreal, falsus : fictus : simulatus : fallax : fucatus : fucosus (opposed to sincerus, probus ; e. g. , friendship).  HOLLOW, s. , cavum (general term) : recessus cavus (hollow recess ; deep hollow ; e. g. , of the situation of the chameleon’s eyes, Plinius) : strix : canalis (fluted hollow on a pillar, etc. ). A little hollow, cavernula (Plinius). The hollow of the hand, vola (the natural hollow ; also of the foot) ; manus cava or concava (as made ; opposed to manus plana ; e. g. , in “to scoop up water in the hollow of one’s hand”) : the hollow of a tree, exesæ arboris truncus.  HOLLOW, v. , cavare : excavare : exedere (to eat away ; of time making a tree hollow, etc. ).  HOLLOWNESS, || State of being hollow ; by circumlocution. || Hollow, vid. || Unsubstantial nature ; [vid. EMPTINESS]. To perceive the hollowness of an argument, videre, nullum id quidem esse argumentum.  HOLLY, ilex (Linnæus). Common holly, * ilex aquifolium (Linnæus).  HOLM-OAK, ilex : * quercus ilex (Linnæus). As adjective iliceus, iligneus or ilignus. A grove of holm-oaks, ilicetum (Martisalis).  HOLOCAUST, holocaustum (Prudentius) : holocaustoma, -atis (Tertullianus ; both ecclesiastical).  HOLY, sacer (ἱερός ; as belonging to the gods ; of buildings, places sacred to deities, even when not solemnly consecrated by the augurs ; opposed to profanus) : sanctus (ἁγνός ; placed under the protection of the gods ; and, as such, guarded against profanation : of men, it either refers to the inviolability of their persons, or to moral purity and innocence ; of places, sanctus is wider than sacer, extending to whatever must be retpected and uninjured ; e. g. , walls, gates, etc. , might be sanctæ res, but sacer applies only to temples, groves, etc. : homo sanctus, a pure, moral man ; homo sacer would be one devoted to the infernal gods, as a punishment for his impiety) : sacrosanctus (a person or thing protected from violation, etc. , by a sentence of death solemnly enacted against the offender ; it was the technical term of the tribunes and other magistrates, whose persons were inviolable ; though sanctus was also used in this sense : hence general term for “very sacred, ” etc. , the memory of anybody or anything, memoria ; but post-Augustan, in this sense)
: religiosus (scrupulous in the performance of duty from a regard to the Divine law of right and wrong ; also applied to divine things ; e. g. tombs, oaths, ceremonies, etc. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sacer et religiosus (of things sacred to a god) : pius (observant of the duties that relate to the gods, as well as those that relate to country, parents, etc. ) : castus (morally pure, etc. ) : venerandus : venerabilis (deserving adoration or high reverence). A holy person (morally), vir (natura) sanctus et religiosus, integer et sanctus ; qui pie sancteque colit deos (Deum) ; pius erga Deum : a holy duty, officium sanctum (preserved in its purity, held sacred ; vid. Cicero, Quint. , 6, 26) ; officium pium (proceeding from a pious mind). They esteemed it a holy duty and acceptable service to etc. , (aliquid facere) et pium duxerunt, et diis immortalibus (Deo) gratissimum esse duxerunt. A holy day [vid.

HOLIDAY] : a holy war, bellum pro religionibus susceptum : holy writ [vid. BIBLE] : as we are told or taught in holy writ, ut sanctæ literæ docent ; sicut sacræ literæ docent ; quod divinis literis proditum est. The most holy place of a temple, occulta et recondita templi ; sacrarium intimum ; penetralia (plural) : adytum (Greek). I hold his memory holy, ejus mihi memoria sacrosancta est : to look upon anything as holy, aliquid sanctum or sanctissimum habere : very holy, aliquid summa cærimonia colere (e. g. , a chapel, sacrarium) : to swear by all that is holy, persancte jurare : to keep holy, religiose agere or celebrare (e. g. , dies festos). || Holy Cross day, dies, quo Christi crux constituta est, ab omnibus Christianis religione celebrandus (celebratus, etc. , after Plinius, Ep. , 10, 103). To make or declare anything holy ; vid. To CONSECRATE, To DEDICATE.

HOLY GHOST, Spiritus Sacer. The Holy Ghost dwells in anybody, Deus secum est, intus est (Seneca ; but better to keep Spiritus Sacer in Christian theology).  HOLY WATER, aqua lustralis (†). Court holy-water, verba inania or mera ; or verba only (e. g. , verba istæc sunt).  HOMAGE, || PROPR. , (In feudal law) * necessitudo clientelæ (as duty), or * homagium, quod dicitur (to make the passage intelligible) ; * sacramentum, quod patrono (or domino feudi) dicitur. To pay homage, * sacramentum patrono (or domino feudi) dicere or in obsequium alicujus jurare (Justinus) : to owe homage to anybody, * clientelæ necessitudine obligatum esse alicui or * vasallum (or feudatorium) esse alicujus. || IMPROPR. , As due to a sovereign ; by circumlocution. To pay homage to (a king) [vid. “to swear FEALTY to”] in obsequium alicujus jurare (Justinus, 13, 2, 14) ; aliquem venerantes regem consalutare (of bowing the knee, etc. , Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 56, 3 ; of a single person, use salutare [cf. Cicero, Att. , 14, 12, 2], and of course the singular of the participle).   Cf. , More phrases in FEALTY. || FIG. , Respect, veneration, etc. (paid to a person or thing), observantia : reverentia : veneratio [SYN. in REVERENCE]. To pay homage to anybody, aliquem sanctissime or summa observantia colere ; reverentiam alicui habere, præstare, or adversus aliquem adhibere ; veneratione aliquem prosequi (Tacitus) ; to anything, aliquid sanctum or sanctissimum habere, or summa cærimonia colere.

Homage is due to anything, aliquid habet venerationem justam (Cicero ; also such homage, tantum venerationis ; habet aliquid reverentiam, Quintilianus).  HOMAGER, * vasallus, * feudatorius (both as technical term) : clientelæ necessitudine obligatus alicui.

HOME, s. , domus (the house ; hence the family, etc. , but not in the full sense of our word “home. ” Also home= country) : patria (native land). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) domus et patria ; sedes et domicilium (dwelling-place, residence). At home, domi ; inter suos (among one’s own friends) : to be at home ( = country), domi or in patria esse : to leave one’s home ( = country), domum et propinquos relinquere : to return home, domum or in patriam redire ; ad larem suum reverti : home(ward), domum : from home, domo : at home, domi (which also takes the genitives, meæ, tuæ, suæ, nostræ, vestræ, alienæ. But if another adjective, or a genitive of the possessor, be added, it is more usual to employ the preposition ; as, in the home of Cæsar, in domo Cæsaris ; although Cicero says, also, domi Cæsaris. In the same manner, domum and domo take those pronouns without a preposition, and domum is also very frequently used with a genitive, without the preposition in or ad ; vid. Zumpt, §410) : to remain at home, domi manere, remanere (to remain in the house, at home, when the others go out) : domi or domo se tenere, or se retinere, domi attineri (to keep one’s self at home) : publico carere or se abstinere : in publicum non prodire (not to appear in public, or to do so very seldom) : domi sedere, also with desidem (to sit inactive at home, instead of taking part in war, etc. ) : nidum servare (not to go out of the nest ; playfully for, always to stay at home; Horatius, Ep. , 1, 10, 6) : not to go from home, domo non excedere or non egredi : not to stir a step from home, domo pedem non efferre : one who seldom goes from home, remains almost always at home, rarus egressu (Tacitus, Ann. , 15, 53, 1) : not to be able to remain at home, durare in ædibus non posse : go home! in vestra tecta discedite! abite domum! to return home, ad larem suum reverti : my father is at home, pater meus intus est (says a son in the front of the house) : to be at home, domi suæ esse : he is not at home, est foris : to dine from home, cœnare foras : to drive, expel from home, aliquem domo expellere ; aliquem foras protrudere : to be at home anywhere, aliquo loco sedem ac domicilium habere (properly, to have one’s habitation anywhere) : in aliquo loco haoitare (properly, to dwell in a place ; figuratively = to stay constantly in a place ; e. g. , in the forum, in foro ; but figuratively, only = to be constantly occupied with anything, to make anything one’s chief study ; vid. Cicero, De Or. , 2, 38, 160 ; de Legg. , 3, 6, 1. 5 ; therefore not = to be at home ; i. e. , well versed or conversant in a thing : nor is regnare in aliqua re applicable here ; i. e. , to have one’s great strength in anything, to be able to do much or all in anything ; vid. Cicero, Or. 27, 128) : in aliqua re versatum esse : aliquid cognitum habere (figuratively, to be well versed or conversant in anything) : to be at home in everything, nulla in re rudem esse : especially as I am at home here, præsertim tam familiari in loco. To fight for one’s hearth and home, pro aris et focis pugnare ; pro tectis mœnibusque dimicare. (Prov) Charity begins at home, proximus sum egomet mihi ; ego mihi melius esse volo, quam alteri (both Terentianus).

Home is home, be it never so homely, * foci proprii fumus alieno igne luculentior. || To return home, domum se convertere ; domum reverti or redire. || To fetch home, domum ferre or referre aliquid (things) ; domum deducere aliquem : adversum ire alicui (to go to meet him and conduct him home). || To go home, domum ire, or redire or reverti (general term) : domum abire (from a place) : in sua tecta discedere (of a great number who disperse to their various homes) : to send (or make anybody go) home, dimittere (to dismiss an assembled multitude or soldiers). || To bring home, domum referre (general term) : domum deducere (to accompany or lead anybody home).  HOME, adverb, domum (accusative) : at home, domi. [Vid.

HOME, s. ] || IMPROPR. , Anything comes home to me, aliquid mea multum (magni, vehementer, etc. ) interest (concerns me greatly) ; aliquid vehementer (Cœlius, ap. Cic. ) ad me pertinet, or me attingit ad meque pertinet (Cicero ; relates to, touches, affects me) ; aliquid in me cadit or convenit (is applicable to me) : a discourse, etc. , comes home to me, sermo nos tangit : to feel that anything said comes home to us, sibi dictum putare or sentire : to press anybody home, etiam atque etiam instare atque urgere : to strike home, ferrum adigere (per or in aliquid ; also, alicui rei ; e. g. , jugulo, Suetonius, Ner. , 49 ; also, vulnus adigere, Tacitus, ; vulnus alte adigere, Vergilius, Æn. , 10, 850) : ferire vitalia (Quintilianus ; of teaching a student of oratory to make home thrusts) : plagam mortiferam infligere (to inflict a mortal wound ; Cicero) : probe percutere aliquem (to strike him severe blows ; Commodianus, Plautus) [vid. “to make HOME (adjective) thrusts : ” to drive anything home, aliquid quanto maximo possum ictu adigere (e. g. , fabrile scalprum, Livius, 27, 49) : to drive a nail home, * clavum quanto maximo possum mallei ictu adigere (after Livius, 27, 49) or clavum adigere only (clavum pangere = fix in a nail).

HOME, adjective, A home thrust, plaga gravis (severe blow ; also in oratory) ; plaga mortifera (mortal wound) ; vulnus alte adactum (†. Vergilius, Æn. , 10, 850). To make home thrusts, petere aliquem vehementer (to make a vigorous attack ; Cicero, Or. , 68, fin. , comparing a gladiator with an orator ; hence may be used, improperly, of attacking with words) , recte petere (Quintilianus, 9, 4, 8, of making a scientific blow or thrust in the palæstra, etc. ) : petitionem ita conjicere, ut vitari non posse videatur (properly or improperly ; Cicero, Catil. , 1, 6) ; ferire vitalia (of an orator ; Quintilianus, 5, 12, 22) : to parry home thrusts, tueri vitalia (Quintilianus, ib. ) ; petitionem ita conjectam ut vitari non posse videatur, effugere
(Cicero ; or vitare, declinare, etc. ). Anything is a home thrust, aliquid plagam gravem facit (e. g. , oratio, Cicero, Or. , 68, fin. ). Anybody has received a home thrust, habet or hoc habet (gladiatorial technical term).  HOME-BAKED, panis cibarius or plebeius (household bread), or * domi coctus : panis focacius (baked on the hearth, i. e. , in the ashes, Isidorus, Orig. , 20, 2, 15).  HOME BORN, || Native, natural, vid. || Domestic, vid. , and HOME-BRED.  HOME-BOUND, domum or in patriam rediens.  HOME-BRED, domesticus (found, existing, bred, etc. , in our own country ; opposed to foreign, externus, adventicius ; and also of persons; opposed to alienigena ; also = born in or belonging to our own family). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) domesticus et intestinus : vernaculus (properly, adjective from verna [slave born in the family] ; but especially = domestic, truly Roman, etc. ; opposed to peregrinus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) domesticus ac vernaculus (e. g. , crimen; opposed to de provincia apportatum) : * domi atque intra privatos parietes educatus (educated at home ; opposed to one sent to a public school, etc. ) : nostras (ours, as having its origin in our country ; of persons or things ; nostrates philosophi, our home-bred philosophers ; nostrates facetiæ ; both Cicero).

Home-bred evils, mala domestica, or domestica et intestina, or domestica et vernacula : our genuine home-bred virtues, genuinæ domesticæque virtutes (Cicero). If= rustic, unpolished, etc. , vid.  HOMELESS, patria carens (general term) : profugus (that wanders about in flight) : extorris, with and without patria, patria et domo (one who, being driven from his native land, has no longer a home). To be homeless, patria or domo patriaque carere.  HOMELINESS, no exact term, sometimes rusticitas or (if with praise) rusticitas antiqua (the homely simplicity of our fathers ; Plinius, Ep. , 1, 14, 4) ; inconditum genus (e. g. , dicendi, without artificial arrangement, etc. ) : a certain homeliness, subagreste quiddam or subagreste quiddam planeque subrusticum (Cicero ; the latter with more of fault implied).  HOMELY, adjective, subagrestis or subrusticus (Freund, surrusticus ; both Cicero ; of what approaches to rusticity) : tenuis (slight ; e. g. , esca, cibus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tenuis et simplex (of what is provided with little expense or trouble, etc. ) ; tenuis et angustus (with reference to a scanty supply ; e. g. , vena ingenii, Quintilianus) : tenuiculus (Cicero ; very slight, etc. ; e. g. , apparatus, Cicero ; of a meal) : vernaculus (opposed to peregrinus, etc. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) antiquus et vernaculus (what was in old times characteristic of our country, etc. ) : inconditus (not artificially arranged ; e. g. , genus d’cendi, Cicero ; carmina [militum], Livius, 40, 20) : inornatus (unadorned ; of persons, and of style ; both Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tenuis et inornatus (of style) : rudis (uninsiructed, untaught, unpracticed). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) admodum impolitus et plane rudis (e. g. , forma ingenii, very homely ; of Cato’s speeches, Cicero) : incultus (without cultivation, or the habits or polish of civilized life) : sobrius (e. g. , mensa sobria, homely fare, a frugal table).  HOMELY, adverb, incondite : rustice : inornate : inculte or inculte atque horride (e. g. , dicere) : subrustice (Gellius ; but Cicero uses the adjective).  HOME-MADE, domesticus or vernaculus (opposed to peregrinus, made or produced in our own country) : * domi factus (made at home).  HOMESICK, || To be or become homesick. I am homesick, miserum me desiderium tenet domus (in Cicero, urbis) ; domus subit, desideriumque locorum (Ovidius, Trist. , 3, 2, 21) ; * capit me desiderium domus or patriæ : to be very homesick, * desiderio domus or patriæ flagrare ; * desiderio domus or patriæ tabescere.

HOME-SPUN, || Manufactured at home, domesticus : nostras (having its origin in our own country ; so “our home-spun youths, ” nostrates adolescentes, after nostrates philosophi, Cicero). || Homely, vid. κυρικιμασαηικο  HOMESTALL,

HOMESTEAD, || Mansion, vid. || Original residence, sedes majorum : sedes solumque suum : incunabula (with genitive, or mea, nostra, sua, etc. ).  HOMEWARD, domum (toward one’s house or one’s country) : in patriam (toward one’s country ; e. g. revertere, redire, revocari, etc. ).  HOMICIDE, hominis cædes, or, from context, cædes only : homicidium (post-Augustan, Quintilianus, Plin. ) : mors alicui sed non per scelus illata (after Cicero, Mil. , 7, 17 ; to distinguish it from the crime of murder). To be guilty of homicide, hominis cædem facere ; hominem cædere, interficere. To be only guilty of homicide (not of murder), tantum homicidam esse (Seneca, though not in our sense) ; perhaps mortem alicui, sed non per scelus, inferre (mortem per scelus inferre, Cicero, Mil. , 7, 17) : to be put on his trial for homicide, homicidii accusari (Quintilianus).  HOMICIDE, (the person), homicida : qui hominem interfecit, etc. (vid. preceding word) : * qui mortem alicui, sed non per scelus intulit.  HOMICIDAL, by genitive, homicidæ, etc. : Cf. , homicidarius, very late ; Auct. , Paneg. ad Constant.  HOMILY, Vid. SERMON.  HOMŒOPATHIC, * homœopathicus. A homœopathic doctor, * medicus homœopathicus ; * medicus similia morbis adhibens remedia.  HOMŒOPATHY, * homœopathia : * ea medendi ratio, quæ similia morbis adhibet remedia.  HOMOGENEAL,

HOMOGENEOUS, ejusdem generis : eodem genere.  HOMOGENEITY, ratio par : idem genus.  HOMONYMOUS, homonymus (Quintilianus, 8, 2, 13 ; hæc, quæ homonyma vocantur), or by circumlocution with eodem nomine.  HOMONYMY, by circumlocution with homonymus (adjective), or eodem esse nomine.  HOMOOUSIAN, homousius (ὁμοούσιος, homoiisiam prædicans Trinitatem, Hieronymus).

HONE, cos (genitive, cotis).

HONEST, || Upright, guileless, etc. , bonus : probus : sanctus (SYN. in HONORABLE) : sincerus (properly, without strange or foreign addition ; hence pure, genuine; opposed to fucatus) : verus (true; opposed to falsus, simulatus). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sincerus atque verus : incorruptus (uncorrupted : opposed to corruptus ; these three of persons and things) : candidus (pure ; of character) : simplex (plain, straightforward, simple) : integer (not influenced by any corrupt motive, impartial ; these three ofpersons) : apertus (open, not dissembling). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) apertus et simplex. An honest friend, ex animo amicus ; amicus fidus : an honest man, vir bonus or probus ; homo integer, or innocens, or religiosus ; homo sine fuco et fallaciis (straightforward and honest) ; homo apertæ voluntatis, simplicis ingenii, veritatis amicus ; homo antiqua fide ; vir minime fallax : anybody looks like an honest man, alicujus probitatem ex ore ac fronte ejus cognoscere potes (after Cicero, Fat. , 5, 10) : an honest simple-minded man, homo antiquus (hence easily taken in) an honest judgement, judicium incorruptum. || Honorable, etc. , vid.  HONESTLY, probe : integre : sancte : recte (with moral rectitude) : sine fraude : sine fuco et fallaciis (without pretence and trickiness) : sincere : vere : candide : simpliciter : genuine : aperte : fideliter : ex animo : ex animi sententia : sincera fide : sine dolo : sine fraude (in a guileless, upright, sincere manner) : honestly? bona fide? (e. g. , are you in earnest?) : to act honestly, sincere, ex animo, sincera fide agere ; with anybody, * sine fraude agere cum aliquo : to confess honestly, aperte et ingenue confiteri : to judge honestly, incorrupte et integre judicare : to speak honestly, loqui sincere, sine dolo or fraude : I will tell you honestly my own opinion, quid ipse sentiam vere, ingenue, aperte, ex animi sententia dicam : to speak honestly, ne mentiar ; si quæris, or quæritis, or quærimus ; si verum scire vis ; ut ingenue or aperte dicam.  HONESTY, probitas : integritas : sanctitas (moral purity) : innocentia (blameless life) : fides (fidelity). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) integritas et fides : sinceritas (candor, guilelessness) : probitas et ingenuitas : simplicitas (plainness, straightforwardness, in behavior) : animus apertus (open-heartedness). Cf. , Honestas is more than the English honesty = virtue as displaying itself in virtuous and noble sentiments ; Döderlein. It may, however, be used for it when “honesty” is used in a very strong sense.  HONEY, mel : strained honey, mel liquatum : refined honey, mel purum ; mel quod nullam habet spurcitiem : impure honey, mel inquinatum : of or like honey, melleus (e. g. , sapor, color) : seasoned with honey, mellitus : belonging to honey, mellarius : to make or prepare honey, mel facere or conficere ; mellificare : to take honey, mel eximere, demetere ; favos demetere : his speech is sweeter than honey, oratio ejus melle dulcior fluit ; loquenti illi mella profluunt. My honey! mea mellilla! (Plautus) : mea mellitula! (Appuleius) : mi mellite! (to a husband ; M. Aur. ap. Front. ).

Honey-bee, apis mellificans or quæ mellificio studet (Cf. , mellifera, †).

HONEY-COMB, favus. To build, make, etc. , a honey-comb, favum fingere (Cicero, Varr. ). The cells of a honey-comb are Hexagonal, (favi) singula cava sena latera habent. Bees make a honey-comb with many waxen cells,
opes favum fingunt multicavatum e cera (Varro, R. R. , 3, 16, 24).

HONEYED, mellitus : dulcedine mellosa (late). To give honeyed words with bitterness in their hearts, in melle sitæ sunt linguæ aliquorum, lacteque ; corda felle sunt lita (Plautus).

HONEY-SUCKLE, * lonicera (Linnæus). The common honey-suckle, * lonicera periclymenum.

HONEYWORT, * sison (Linnæus, * sison amomum, hedge honeywort ; * sison segetum, corn honeywort).  HONOR, v. , honorare : ornare : decorare : prosequi (by giving outward demonstrations by anything, aliqua re) : honestare (to confer a permanent mark of honor upon anybody) : revereri aliquem : reverentiam adhibere adversus aliquem : reverentiam præstare alicui (by showing due respect) : observare : observantia colere : officiis prosequi (general term, by external signs of respect, as by going to meet anybody, by accompanying him, waiting upon him, etc. ) : magni facere : admirari : suspicere (to value highly ; admirari, with admiration ; suspicere, with a sense of our own inferiority ; cf. Cicero, Off. , 2, 10, 36) : colere : colere et observare : vereri et colere : venerari : veneratione prosequi (in heart and with reverence). A person or thing is honored, aliquis or aliquid in honore est ; honos est or tribuitur alicui rei ; justly, justam venerationem habet aliquis or aliquid : I am honored by anybody, in honore sum apud aliquem : to honor anybody with tears, aliquem lacrimis decorare (poetical) or prosequi (especially the dead) : to honor and love anybody above all others, aliquem præter ceteros et colere et observare et diligere. To honor anybody with anything, honorare aliquem (to do anybody an honor, absolutely, or with anything, aliqua re) : aliquem ornare aliqua re (to distinguish anybody with anything) : aliquem colere aliqua re (to show one’s respect to anybody by anything) : to honor anybody with a letter, literis colere aliquem ; with presents, donis aliquem honorare, colere, prosequi ; with a visit, salutandi causa ad aliquem venire ; with one’s presence, præsentia sua (of one) or frequentia (of several) ornare aliquem ; with one’s confidence, consiliorum suorum conscium aliquem facere et participem.

HONOR, s. , (1) External pre-eminence, external dignity, honos (in almost all the relations of the English word, whether the honor consist in pre-eminence before others, in outward dignity, in general and real esteem, or objectively in posts of honor) : dignitas : auctoritas (external dignity, grounded on the estimate of our desert) : decus : ornamentum (anything which gives pre-eminence) : laus : gloria : fama (praise, glory, jame ; an extensive recognition of one’s merits) : observantia (actual respect shown). The last honors, the honors paid to the dead, honos supremus ; officium supremum : to tend or conduce to honor, honori, laudi, decori or ornamento esse : it is a very great honor to me, that, etc. , summo honori mihi est, quod etc. : to be an honor to, to bring honor to, alicui honorificum esse : to be no honor to, pudori esse : to be an honor to a family, to bring honor to it, domum honestare : your son is an honor to you, does honor to you, dignus te est filius : your behavior does you no honor, non te dignum facis (comically) : that causes or confers honor, honestus ; honorificus : to get honor, laudari ; laudem merere : to consider, esteem, or hold as an honor, to place one’s honor in, honori or laudi ducere ; in honore ponere : do us the honor of an early call or visit, fac, ut quam primum ad nos venias ; cura, ut te quam primum videamus : I wish or hope for the honor of your presence or company, optabilis mihi erit tui præsentis facultas (vid. Planc, in Cicero, Ep. , 10, 4, 3) : to be or stand in honor, in honore esse (of persons and things) : esse in aliquo numero et honore ; cum dignitate vivere (of persons) : to be held in honor by anybody, apud aliquem esse in honore et in pretio : in very great honor, honore or dignitate florere, dignitate excellere (of persons) : one who is held in honor by all, in quo est magna auctoritas : to deprive anybody of his honor, honore aliquem privare : to hold in honor, in honore habere (a person and thing) : colere, colere et observare, observare et colere (a person ; colere also a personified thing, as urbem) : anything is held in great honor, honos est alicui rei : to hold anything just as much in honor, alicui rei eundem honorem tribuere (vid. Cicero, Fin. , 3, 22, 73) : to hold anybody in great honor, aliquem magno in honore habere ; aliquem colere maxime or summa observantia ; aliquem præcipuo semper honore habere : to undertake anything in honor of anybody, honoris alicujus causa aliquid suscipere : a great feast is given in honor of a victory, est grande convivium in honorem victoriæ : to do or show honor to anybody, alicui honorem dare, habere, tribuere, deferre, deferre et dare ; honore aliquem afficere, ornare, deornare, prosequi : to do or show especial honor to anybody, præcipuum honorem habere alicui : to show all possible honor to anybody, omni honore colere aliquem ; nullum honorem prætermittere, qui alicui haberi potest : to heap honors upon anybody, effundere, si ita vis, honores in aliquem (Pseudo-Cicero, Ep. , ad Brut. , 1, 15, p. med ; the si ita vis is used, because the expression was unusual) : to treat anybody with all possible affection and honor, aliquem liberalissime atque honorificentissime tractare : to show just and due honor to anybody, honorem justum ac debitum habere : the Senate conferred upon him the extraordinary honor of erecting a statue to him in the Palatium, senatus honore rarissimo statua in Palatio posita prosecutus est eum : to pay divine honors to anybody, deorum honores alicui tribuere (Cicero, Milon. , 29, 79) ; aliquem inter deos colere, pro deo venerari, in deorum numero venerari et colere : to cause divine honors to be paid to one’s self, cœlestes honores usurpare (Curtius, 8, 5, 5) : to enjoy divine honors, deorum honoribus coli : to pay the last honors to anybody, supremo in aliquem officio fungi ; supremum officium in aliquem celebrare (of or with several ; Curtius, 3, 12, 11 and 14) ; suprema alicui solvere ; justa alicui facere, præstare, persolvere : to endeavor or strive after honor, famam quærere : to try or endeavor to promote one’s own honor, honori suo velificari ; honoris adjumenta sibi quærere (to look for a way to attain to honor) : to strive after honors, honoribus inservire : to attain to honors, honores assequi ( e. g. , gradually, gradatim) ; ad honores ascendere, pervenire ; honoribus augeri : to reach or attain to higher or greater honors, honoribus procedere longius ; altiorem dignitatis gradum consequi ; ascendere (ad) altiorem gradum ; in ampliorem gradum promoveri : to attain to or reach the highest honors, ad summos honores provehi ; ad summum honorem pervenire ; ascendere in celsissimam sedem dignitatis atque honoris : gradually to attain to or to reach the highest honors, efferri per honorum gradus ad summum imperium : to be restored to one’s former honors, in antiquum honoris locum restitui : to raise anybody to honor, ad dignitatem aliquem perducere : to bring or help anybody to the highest honor, aliquem ad amplissimos honores or ad summam dignitatem perducere. (2) Good name, etc. , existimatio (good opinion which others have of us ; also with bona) : fama (good report, especially, also, the honor of a female ; also with bona ; vid.

Herzog, Sall. , Cat. , 25, 3) : dignitas (good opinion acquired among the people by moral and political prudent conduct). To wound the honor of anybody, alicujus existimationem offendere ; alicujus dignitatem labefactare : to injure or lessen the honor of anybody, alicujus existimationem violare ; de alicujus fama detrahere : to impugn or attack the honor of anybody, alicujus existimationem oppugnare : to have a regard to honor, famæ or dignitati consulere ; famæ servire : not to have a regard to honor, dignitati, or modestiæ, or famæ non parcere (the last ; e. g. , Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 45, 3, of a woman) : only a few looked to the honor of their country, paucis decus publicum curæ (Tacitus, Ann. , 12, 48, 1) : to sully one’s honor, famam suam lædere : to guard one’s honor, collectam famam conservare : to suffer some loss of honor, de existimatione sua aliquid perdere or deperdere ; existimationis detrimentum or dignitatis jacturam facere : to forfeit one’s honor, in infamia esse ; infamia laborare (Ulpianus, Dig. , 3, 2, 6) : my honor is at stake in that matter, mea existimatio in. ea re agitur ; venio in existimationis discrimen : upon my honor, bona fide : to promise anything upon one’s honor, bona or optima fide polliceri ; fide sua spondere (Plinius, Ep. , 1, 14, 10). (b) In a narrower sense = maidenly innocence, decus muliebre (Livius, 1, 48) : pudicitia, pudor (chastity). To rob a woman of her honor, decus muliebre expugnare (Livius, loc. cit. ) ; pudicitiam alicui eripere or expugnare ; vitium afferre alicujus pudicitiæ ; aliquam vitiare : to lose one’s honor, pudicitiam amittere : to preserve the honor of a maid, alicui pudicitiam servare. (3) Dignity, external prosperity, honos : with honor, in all honor, honeste (e. g. , divitias habere) : I do not know how to get off with honor in any other manner, alio pacto honeste quomodo hinc abeam, nescio (Terentius, Eun. 4, 4, 49) : to return with disgrace to the place from which one went out with honor, unde cum honore decesseris, eodem cum ignominia reverti : as a mark of honor, honoris causa or gratia (e. g. , nominare aliquem). (4) The sense, principle, or feeling of
honor, integrity, honestas (e. g. , ubi est dignitas, nisi ubi honestas? etc. , virtue as exhibiting itself in virtuous and noble sentiments ; Döderlein) : probitas : integritas : sanctitas (moral purity) : innocentia (innocent course of life) : animus ingenuus : ingenuitas (noble manner of thinking) : fides (credit, trustworthiness) ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) integritas et fides ; probitas et ingenuitas : (famæ) pudor (shame ; fearing the loss of one’s good name). A wretch not only without honor, but who does not even pretend to it, ab omni non modo honestate, sed etiam simulatione honestatis relictus (Cicero) : one that has no honor in him, * homo nullo pudore : one that has a deep sense of honor, homo summo pudore : if he has even a slight sense of honor, in quo est aliquis famæ pudor. (5) A person or thing which is an honor to others, ornamentum, decus.

He was the light and the honor of our state, lumen et ornamentum reipublicæ fuit. || Debts of honor (according to the unjust code of the fashionable world), damna aleatoria. || Post of honor [vid. POST]. || To do the honors to anybody, aliquem omnibus officiis prosequi (general term) : hospitio aliquem accipere (to receive him as his host). Guard of honor ; vid. GUARD.  HONORABLE, || Receiving or conferring honor, etc. , honoratus (receiving much honor ; e. g. , militia) : honestus : honorificus (that brings much honor) : decorus (respectable, decent, becoming) : gloriosus (glorious). An honorable wound, vulnus adversum : an honorable peace, pax honesta : an honorable title, nominis honos : honorable exile, exsilii honos (Tacitus, Hist. , 1, 21, 2) : to receive an honorable discharge, cum honore dimitti (Tacitus, Hist. , 4, 46, 6) : honorable terms or expressions, verborum honos : to thank anybody in the most honorable terms, alicui gratias agere singularibus (or amplissimis) verbis : to make (very) honorable mention of anybody, mentionem alicujus cum summo honore prosequi ; multa de aliquo honorifice prædicare ; in one’s writings, celebrare alicujus nomen in scriptis : always to make honorable mention of anybody, numquam mentionem de aliquo nisi honorificam facere ; numquam nisi honorificentissime appellare. || Worthy of honor, venerandus : venerabilis : honore dignus : very honorable, quovis honore dignus. || Upright, bonus (good) : probus (honest) : integer : sanctus (morally pure, blameless) : an honorable man, vir bonus or probus ; homo integer or innocens ; homo religiosus (a conscientious man) : homo sine fuco et fallaciis (who has nothing counterfeit about him ; who is what he appears to be) homo antiquus (a man of integrity, but deficient in necessary prudence ; vid. Cicero, Rosc. , Am. , 9, 26) : to look like an honorable man, speciem boni viri præ se ferre : to lose the name of an honorable man, viri boni nomen amittere : an honorable man keeps his word, * boni viri est datam fidem servare ; * non cadit in bonum virum fallere fidem.  HONORABLY, || In a manner that confers honor, etc. , honeste : honorifice : cum dignitate. Most honorably, honorificentissime, summo cum honore (e. g. , aliquem excipere) : to salute anybody honorably, aliquem honorifice salutare : to die honorably, bene mori. || Uprightly, probe : integre : sancte : recte : sine fraude : sine fuco et fallaciis (without deceit) : candide (uprightly) : to deal honorably with anybody, * sine fraude agere cum aliquo.

He does not mean honorably, homini fides non habenda : to pay honorably, recte solvere.  HONORARY (e. g. , member), * socius (or sodalis) honorarius ; * honoris causa in societatem ascriptus or receptus.

Honorary title, honos ; honoris nomen ; titulus.

HOOD, cucullus :

Having a hood, cucullatus (e. g. , of articles of dress).

HOODED, cucullatus.  HOODED MILFOIL, * utricularia (vulgaris, the greater ; intermedia, intermediate ; Linnæus).

HOODWINK, || PROPR. , oculum alicujus alligare (Cicero), obligare (Seneca). || IMPROPR. , cæcare aciem animi : occæcare mentem :

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aliquem cæcum efficere (to blind anybody’s mind by passion, bribery, etc. ) : specie alicujus rei decipere (Horatius), fallere (Quintilianus, ; e. g. , recti, Horatius, boni, Quintilianus) : specie alicujus rei assimulatæ tenere aliquem (Sallustius ; of retaining anybody in one’s party, etc. ) : Vid. “to throw DUST in anybody’s eyes, ” fin.