Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
GREAT, s.,By the great, aversione or per aversionem (i. e., without nice calculation, the thing being, as it were, turned off ; e. g., emere, vendere, locare, conducere. Modestin., Dig., 18, 1, 62 ; Ulpianus, Dig., 18, 6, 4 ; Labro., Dig., 14, 2, 10 ; Florent., Dig., 19, 2, 36). GREAT-COAT, pænula (a garment with a cape to it, worn, as a protection against the inclemency of the weather, by people of both sexes, and of every age, station, and rank, especially on a march or journey ; it also served as either upper or under bed-covering, vid. Seneca, Ep., 87, 2 ; he who wears it, pænulatus) :
Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
lacerna (thick woollen cloak, consisting of a single piece of cloth, worn as a defence against cold and rain, as well in war as in time of peace ; he who wears it, lacernatus) :læna (χλαῖνα, similar to the lacerna, only occurs in poets of Silver Age).
GREATEN,Vid. To INCREASE. GREAT-HEARTED, animo magno præditus :magnanimus (seldom only) :Vid. also, Great. GREATLY, || In a great degree, maxime :summe (in a very high degree) :valde (properly, powerfully, then strongly, very much ; e. g., to be greatly mistaken, valde errare) :sane quam ( particularly, truly ; e. g., to be greatly delighted, gaudere) :vehementer (properly violently, then greatly ; e. g., dolere, gaudere ; also, less frequently, indicating a high degree, as Cicero, Off., 2, 18, 64, vehementer utile est [greatly useful] ; and Fam., 13, 32, extr., erit mihi vehementissime gratum ; and Cicero, Acad. 2, 32, 103, vehementer errare eos [are greatly mistaken], qui dicunt, etc.) :graviter (properly, heavily, then greatly or violently ; e. g., iratus, greatly offended) :probe (regularly, sadly ; e. g., to deceive anybody greatly, aliquem probe decipere ; to be greatly mistaken, probe errare, comedy) :egregie :eximie (uncommonly ; Cf., but egregie falli or errare, for ” to be greatly mistaken, ” is without any ancient authority, the correct expressions for which are valde or vehementer errare ; procul or longe errare ; tota errare via ; probe or diligenter errare, comedy) :longe (by far ; e. g., to excel greatly, longe superare, or præstare, or antecellere) :multum (e. g., superare), and, with verbs implying comparison, multo (e. g., malle, anteire, præstare) :greatly different, longe diversus.Also by “per” joined to the verb ; e. g., I am greatly pleased with anything, mihi perplacet or mihi perquam placet ; mihi valde placet :I am greatly delighted, pergaudeo or perquam gaudeo :I feel greatly obliged to you, satis benigne ; recte (in an answer) ; valde amo (in the epistolary style : e. g., I am greatly obliged or indebted to you for what you promised respecting the mortgage, de mancipiis quod polliceris, valde te amo, Cicero, Quint., Fr., 3, 9, 4) :greatly astonished, stupens ; obstupefactus ; admiratus :I am greatly astonished at anything, admiror aliquid [vid. also, VERY]. || Nobly, generously, vid. GREATNESS, magnitudo (general term properly and figuratively) :amplitudo (considerable circumference, size, extent ; also figuratively = importance of anything, and authority or influence of anybody) :proceritas (greatness acquired by growth or gradual augmentation ; cf. adjectives in GREAT) :claritas (celebrity) :The highest degree of human greatness, fastigium summum ; to be raised to it, in summum fastigium emergere et attolli (but not in summum fastigium humanæ magnitudinis extolli, which is spurious) :greatness of name, magnitudo or amplitudo, or claritas nominis :greatness of mind, amplitudo animi ; ingenium magnum, or acre, or præstans (great understanding or genius) :greatness of soul or mind, animi magnitudo :animus magnus (Cf., granditas animi and animus grandis are not Latin), or animi altitudo (Cicero, Fam., 4, 13, 7 ; Livius, 4, 6, extr. ; but used in a different sense in Cicero, Off., 1, 25, 88, Beier).
GREAVES (armour for the legs), * tegumenta ferrea femorum, or * squamæ ferreæ, quæ loricæ modo femora tegunt. GRECIAN,Vid
GREEK. GRECISM, * quod Græcæ linguæ proprium est. GREEDILY, appetenter :cupide :avide :studiose. [SYN. in GREEDY.] Very greedily, flagrantissime (Tacitus, Ann., 1, 3, 1) :to eat greedily, vorare (i. e., to swallow without chewing) ; also, devorare (to devour).
GREEDINESS, aviditas. || Gluttony, aviditas cibi :edacitas :ingluvies :gula :intemperantia or intemperies gulæ. SYN. in GLUTTONOUS. GREEDY, || Ravenous, hungry, cibi avidus : cibi plurimi (whose appetite is difficult to satisfy) :gulosus (who thinks of nothing but gratifying his palate) :vorax (ravenous).|| Avaricious, habendi cupidus (greedy to have or possess) :aliquantum avidior ad rem :avarus (who tries to enrich himself any how at the expense of others) :pecuniæ cupidus or avidus (of him who hoards treasures). Cf., From the context, cupidus only, and avidus (as Cicero, De Or., 2, 43, 183, and [opposed to liberalis, Cicero, Rosc., Com., 7, extr.] = longing or greedy after possession, money).|| IMPROPR., ad aliquid intentus (intent on) :appetens (longing, striving after anything) :studiosus (very much bent on anything) :very greedy, avidissimus or cupidissimus alicujus rei ; to be greedy of, aliquid cupide appetere :concupiscere aliquid (to be vehemently desirous after) ; also, cupidum, avidum, studiosum esse alicujus rei ; versari in alicujus rei cupiditate :to be very greedy of anything, cupiditate alicujus rei ardere :desiderio alicujus rei magno teneri ; sitire, sitienter expetere aliquid (to thirst after) :not to be greedy of, a cupiditate alicujus rei longe abhorrere :to make anybody greedy of anything, alicui cupiditatem dare, or (stronger term) injicere ; aliquem in cupiditatem impellere.
GREEK,
Græcus (substantive and adjective ; Grajus is antiquated, and seldom used in the Golden Age ; vid. commentators on Nepos, præf., 4). Cf., All combinations coming under this head may be easily formed after those in the article LATIN.A good Greek scholar, Græcis literis doctus, etc. GREEN, || Having a color compounded of blue and yellow, viridis (general term) :frondens (having leaves, or being out ; e. g., of trees) :subviridis :e viridi pallens (light green) :a reddish green, e viridi rubens (Plinius) :acriter viridis :perviridis :* e viridi nigricans (a dark-shaded green) :hyalinus (of the color of glass, later only) :herbeus :herbaceus (of the color of grass, †) :prasinus (garlic-, or yellowish-colored) :glaucus (of the color of the sea ; poetical thalassinus) :psittacinus (of the color of a parrot) :recens :vivus (fresh ; e. g., turf) :gramine vestitus :herbis convestitus (clothed with grass).To become green, virescere :frondescere (to put forth its leaves ; of trees) :to become green again, revirescere :to be green, virere :frondere (to be in leaf) :|| Green; opposed to dry (of wood), viridis : humidus (full of sap, moisture ; e. g., materia). (The words are found in this connection and order.) viridis atque humidus (e. g., ligna, Cæsar). || Green (opposed to ripe), crudus :immaturus :acerbus [vid. UNRIPE]. || Recent ; e. g., a green wound, crudum (adhuc) vulnus (Celsus, Ovidius). || Inexperienced, homo novus :novitius : novellus (that has only just arrived ; vid. Livius, 41, 5) :tiro, or rudis, or (The words are found in this connection and order.) tiro et rudis in aliqua re (a beginner only) :peregrinus or hospes, or peregrinus atque hospes in aliqua re (inexperienced ; vid. Cicero, De Or.,1, 50, extr. : fateor…et nulla, in re tironem ac rudem, neque peregrinum atque hospitem in agendo esse debere).
GREEN, s., || Green co lor, viride (e. g., e viridi pallens) :color viridis :Bright green, color perviridis. || A grassy plain, locus or campus herbidus : terrenum herbidum (Livius, ; of a green before the walls of a city).|| Green vegetables, viridia, ium, n. ; olus, or plural, olera ; * brassica viridis (cabbage, Linnæus).
GREEN-FINCH, * fringilla (Linnæus).
GREEN-GROCER, qui, quæ olera (agrestia) vendit or venditat (vid
Gellius, 15, 20 ; Valerius, Max., 3, 4, extr. 2).
GREEN-HOUSE, plantarum hiberna, quibus objecta sunt specularia, or quibus objectæ sunt vitreæ (after Martisalis, 8, 14).
GREENISH, subviridis : e viridi pallens (of a paleish green).
GREENNESS, viriditas (the quality of being green, e. g., pratorum) :color viridis (green color) :color perviridis (of a lively green) :immaturitas (unripeness).|| Freshness, vid. GREET, salutare aliquem :salutem alicui dicere (by words) ; also, salutem alicui impertire or salute aliquem impertire (vid. Zumpt, § 418) :salutem alicui nunciare (by a third person).To greet anybody (in a letter), salutem alicui scribere ; alicui plurimam salutem ascribere (stronger) :all the members of my family greet you, tota nostra domus te salutat :to greet anybody in the name of anybody, nunciare alicui alicujus salutem ; nunciare alicui salutem alicujus verbis (but not alicujus nomine ; vid. commentators on Nepos, Them., 4, 3) :to greet one another, salutem dare reddereque, or salutem accipere reddereque ; inter se consalutare.
GREETING, salutatio (as act) :salus (as wish or compliment) :to give or send greetings ; vid. To GREET. GRENADE,
GRENADO,pila rebus, quæ sunt ad incendia, completa (Cæsar, B
G., 3, 101) :* pila pulvere nitrato completa :to fire grenades, * pilas, etc., mittere. GRENADIER, miles procerior or ex procerioribus (after veteranus ex procerioribus, Inscript. up. Mur., 800, 2).
GREYHOUND, vertagus (Martisalis) :* canis Grajus (Linnæus).
GRIDIRON, crates ferrea :craticula :a silver gridiron, crates argentea (Petronius, 31, extr.).To do on a gridiron, in craticula subassare. GRIEF, ægritudo (the most general expression for any disturbance of a person’s peace of mind) :dolor (ἄλγος, the inward feeling of pain or sorrow; opposed to gaudium) :mœror (inward grief, as outwardly manifesting itself by involuntary signs ; grief to which one surrenders one’s self, especially grief for the loss of a beloved object ; as adding the outward manifestation to the inward feeling, it may be stronger than dolor ; e. g., magno in dolore sum vel in mœrore potius, Plinius ; it may, however, be contrasted with it ; mœrorem minui ; dolorem nec potui, nec si possem vellem, Cicero) :luctus (grief manifesting itself by the conventional
signs of mourning, πένθος) :tristitia (sadness, on its gloomy forbidding side) :mœstitia (on its melancholy, interesting side).
Grief of mind, dolor animi.To be suffering grief, in mœrore esse, mœrere :to be oppressed with grief, in mœrore jacere ; mœrore affici or urgeri :to cause anybody grief, sollicitudine or mœrore afficere aliquem (the former of the grief of anxiety ; e. g., the grief caused by a profligate son) ; ægritudinem or mœrorem afferre alicui :to give one’s self up to grief, mœrori animum dare ; ægritudini se dedere ; for grief, præ ægritudine or mœrore :since I have caused you grief, quoniam ex me doluisti (Cicero).A son who never caused his father grief but by his death, ex quo nihil unquam doluit [pater], nisi quum is non fuit (Inscript.).
GRIEVANCE, molestia (annoying circumstance) :onus (burden) :incommodum (circumstance that thwarts one, etc.) :malum (evil) :injuria (injury inflicted, felt) :querimonia (complaint, as utterance of pain or annoyance, on account of injury really suffered) :querela (complaint, respecting either a real or an imaginary injury).To allege a number of grievances on either side, multas querimonias ultro citroque jactare :the grievance of paying tithes, decumarum imperia or injuriæ :to relieve anybody from a grievance, onere aliquem liberare :to have many grievances to complain of, multis incommodis premi :an angry letter full of grievances, epistola plena stomachi et querelarum :statement of the grievances they had to allege against you, querimoniæ de injuriis tuis (Cicero) :they had so many grievances to complain of, that, etc., tanta vis erat injuriarum, ut, etc. GRIEVE, TRANS., || To cause grief, sollicitare : sollicitum habere : sollicitudine or ægritudine afficere :sollicitudinem or ægritudinem alicui afferre.To grieve much, excruciare alicujus animum et sollicitare :to grieve anybody, sollicitudine or mœrore afficere aliquem :ægritudinem or mœrorem afferre alicui :to be grieved, mœrore affici, urgeri.It grieves me that, etc. [vid. “I GRIEVE that”]. I am grieved at anything ; vid. to GRIEVE for anything (intrans.).
GRIEVE, INTRANS., dolere :mœrere :lugere [SNY. of substantives in GRIEF] :in mœrore esse : in mœrore jacere (stronger term) ; also, sollicitudinem habere ; in sollicitudine esse ; ægritudinem suscipere ; ægritudine affici ; se afflictare, afflictari :to grieve at, for, anybody or anything, ægre fero aliquid ; pœnitet aliquem alicujus rei, or with quod ; doleo aliquid, or aliqua re, or de aliqua re, or aliquo ; sometimes ex aliquo or aliqua re (of the source from which the grief proceeds, ex me doluisti, Cicero ; ex commutatione rerum dolere, Cæsar) ; ægre, or graviter, or moleste fero aliquid (stronger terms) :anything grieves me much, valde doleo aliquid ; acerbe fero aliquid ; doleo et acerbe fero aliquid :I grieve that, etc., doleo or ægre (graviter or moleste) fero, with accusative and infinitive :I grieve that, etc., (hoc) mihi dolet, with accusative and infinitive, or with quod (sometimes quia), the dolere often taking id (si id dolemus, quod, etc., Cicero).I am grieved when or if, etc., doleo, si, etc., I am grieved exceedingly, if, etc., doleo et acerbe fero, si, etc.; ægritudinem suscipere ex re or propter aliquem ; mœrere aliquid or aliqua re :to grieve one’s self to death, mœrore se conficere ; mœrore confici :ægritudine, curis confici.To grieve at being conquered by anybody, dolere se ab aliquo superari. GRIEVOUS, gravis (heavy, oppressive, and hence painful ; e. g., illness, wound) :atrox (atrocious ; e. g., crime, bloodshed) :fœdus (horrible) :molestus (hard to be borne) :magnus (great) :durus (hard) :iniquus (not just, pressing, heavy) :acerbus (bitter, harsh, painful ; e. g., death) :very grievous, peracerbus :to utter grievous complaints, graviter or invidiose queri aliquid ; against anybody, graviter accusare aliquem :it is a grievous thing (that), valde dolendum est :nothing more grievous could have happened to me, nihil acerbius, or nihil ad dolorem acerbius mihi accidere potuit :to inflict grievous pain on anybody, quam acerbissimum dolorem inurere alicui :grievous times (or state of things), res miseræ ; tempora misera or dura ; iniquitas temporum :a grievous taxation, or grievous taxes, tributa acerba :the injustices or iniquities became so grievous, that, etc., tanta erat vis injuriarum, ut, etc. :that is very grievous to me, hoc valde me urit, pungit, mordet. GRIEVOUSLY, graviter :vehementer :acerbe :acriter : atrociter :fœde or fœdum in modum :dolenter [SYN. in GRIEVOUS] :terribilem or horrendum in modum (terribly).To be grievously ill, graviter ægrotare :to be grievously mistaken, valde or vehementer errare (Cf., not toto cœlo errare ; vid. “to be GREATLY mistaken.” GRIEVOUSNESS, gravitas (oppressively burdensome, or painful nature ; severity) :enormitas (excess, greatness ; post-Augustan, Seneca) :pressus, us (pressure ; e. g., ponderum, Cicero, speaking of the mind) :vis :vexatio (strength, vexation) :Vid. CALAMITY. GRIFFIN,
GRIFFON, gryps :gryphus (a fabulous animal).
GRILL, in craticula subassare. GRIM, trux :truculentus (both mostly in poetry, but also Ciceronian, quam teter incedebat, quam truculentus, quam terribilis aspectu, Sest., 8, 19) :torvus (poetical and post-Augustan, prose) :ferox.A grim look, vultus torvus, trux ; oculi truces ; truculenti oculi (Plautus, Asia. 2, 3, 21) ; aspectus trux (Pacuvius, ap. Cicero).To put on as grim a look as possible against anybody, quam truculentissime aliquem aspicere :from this grim tribune, ab hoc horrido ac truce tribuno plebis (Cicero) :to look grim ( = sour), vultus acerbos or tristes sumsisse. GRIM-FACED, torvus :trux :truculentus [vid
GRIM] :horndus ac trux (Cicero).This grim-faced tribune, hic horridus ac trux tribunus (Cicero).
GRIMACE, os distortum.To make grimaces, os ducere, or distorquere :most extraordinary grimaces, os exquisitis modis ducere :one that makes grimaces, os exquisitis modis ducens :that looks like grimaces, vultuosus (vid. Cicero, Or., 18, 60, in quo [vultu] quum effeceris, ne quid ineptum aut vultuosum sit).
GRIMALKIN,Vid. CAT. GRIME,Vid. To DIRTY. GRIMLY, truculentius (not found in positive) :aspectu truci (Pacuvius).
GRIN, v., ringi (vid. Ruhnken, Terentius, Phorm., 2, 2, 27), or restringere dentes (Plautus, Capt., 3, 1, 26) :ridentem ringi (with laughter ; Pomponius, ap. Non.).
GRIN, s., rictus.A grin of suppressed laughter, rictus quasi refrenato risu (Varro, ap. Non., 456, 9). Vid. To GRIN. GRIND, || In a mill, molere (e. g., hordeum in subtilem farinam) :commolere :mola comminuere, frangere :mola terere (to reduce to small pieces, to crush in a mill). [Vid. also, To CRUSH.] || To sharpen, cote acuere or exacuere (with a whetstone) :tornare (with lathe or grindstone ; e. g., glass, vitrum). || To harass, vid. || To grind the teeth, dentibus stridere (of a sick person, Celsus ; dentibus frendere = to gnash the teeth).
GRINDER, * qui cultros et forfices cote acuit : qui vitra tornat (with reference to glass). || Instrument of grinding [vid
GRINDING-STONE]. || A back tooth, dens maxillaris, molaris, genuinus : dens columellaris (grinder of a horse, Varro, R. R., 2, 7, 2).
GRINDING, by circumlocution with To GRIND. GRINDLE-STONE,
GRIND-STONE, * mola ferramentis acuendis : cos (whetstone).
GRINNER, os exquisitis modis ducens. GRIPE, s., || Grasp, vid. || Gripes, tormina (plural) : colicus dolor : colon.To cure the gripes, tormina discutere (Plinius) :to be suffering from, tormented by the gripes, torminibus or ex intestinis laborare :torminibus affectum esse. GRIPE, v., || To seize with the hand, etc. [Vid. To GRASP, To CLUTCH.] || To cause pain in the bowels, * torminibus afficere aliquem.I am griped, torminibus laboro. GRISLY, horridus (of beards, hair, etc.), or horridus aspectu (Plinius) :horridus et trux (Cicero) :trux horrendusque (Plinius) :hirsutus (rough, thick ; of hair) :villosus (shaggy ; leo, animal).Black and grisly, niger et hirsutus (Columella).
GRIST, Vid. CORN, GRAIN. GRISTLE, cartilago. GRISTLY, cartilaginosus. GRIT, || Sand, gravel, vid. || Coarse meal, grits, ptisana, also with addition of elota (πτισάνη, barley husked and crushed) : Cf., farina hordeacea, or farina hordei, is barley-meal.
Grit gruel, ptisanæ cremor (Celsus). κυρικιμασαηικο
GRITTY, sabulosus (sandy) :glareosus (like gravel) :granosus (full of grains, grainy).
GRIZZLE,
GRIZZLY, :Vid
GRAY. GROAN, gemere : gemitus edere (aloud) :suspirare (to sigh with a hollow voice) :ab imo pectore suspirare, or suspiria ducere (to groan deeply ; † Ovidius, Met., 2, 156 ; 10, 402) :suspiria trahere († Ovidius, Met., 2, 753) ; suspirium alte petere (Plautus, Cist., 1, 1, 18).To groan under the burden of anything, aliqua re oppressum esse. Vid. also To SIGH. GROAN,
GROANING, gemitus :suspirium (a deep sigh) :suspiritus (a hollow groaning : al. suspiratus).To utter groans [vid. To SIGH] :uttering sighs and groans, cum crebro suspiritu et gemitu. GROCER, condimentarius (very late ; Tertullianus) :* qui condimenta or merces condimentarias vendit or venditat : qui aromata vendit or venditat (after Gellius) :qui thus et odores vendit (after Horatius) :a grocers shop, * taberna aromatum or condimentaria. GROCERY, merces aromatum (after Plinius, 6, 28, 32, who has “merces odorum”) : condimenta :* merces condimentariæ. GROIN, inguen, inis : (plural), inguina, um. GROOM, agaso (who looks after the horses) :stabularias (who does the work of the stable in general). Cf., If = equerry, equiso (vid. Valerius, Max., 3, 2, extr.).
GROOVE, s., canalis : stria (on pillars).A small groove, canaliculus. || Shaft (of
a pit), vid. GROOVE, v., cavare :striare : grooved, canaliculatus (Plinius).
GROPE, manibus explorare aliquid (after Tibullus, 2, 1, 78).To grope one’s way, huc illuc ire pedibus prætentantem iter (after Tibullus, 2, 1, 77) :I am groping along, abeo pedibus prætentans iter (after Tibullus, 2, 1, 77) :I am groping my way by the wall, abeo explorans manu parietes (after Tibullus, 2, 1, 78).
GROSS, || Bulky, ponderosus (ponderous) :crassus (thick) :vasti corporis (clumsy) :vastus : amplus : immanis [SYN. in HUGE] :gravis (heavy) :tardus et pæne immobilis (slow to move ; e. g., animal) :corpore vastus (of clumsy structure ; of living beings) :iners (unfit for acting) :magnus (great ; of mistakes, etc., tria magna peccata) :to be without gross faults, abesse ab ultimis vitiis :to tell gross lies, impudenter mentiri. || Coarse, rudis : asper (rough in manners) :rusticus (clownish) :impolitus :intonsus (without all cultivation or breeding). (The words are found in this connection and order.) intonsus et incultus :ineruditus (without breeding or education) :inhumanus :inurbanus (unmannerly) :to be very gross, a cultu et humanitate abesse :a gross fellow, homo rusticus :merum rus (the latter, stronger term) :gross abuse, maledicta :probra. (The words are found in this connection and order.) probra et maledicta, gravissimæ verborum contumeliæ :to descend to gross abuse, ad gravissimas verborum contumelias descendere ; aspere or contumeliose invehi in aliquem ; probris et maledictis vexare aliquem :gross manners or conduct, mores agrestes or feri :rusticitas (the latter post-Augustan). || The gross amount [vid. the TOTAL]. || Indelicate, indecorus (opposed to decorus ; e. g., laughter, risus ; but indecens is foreign to classic prose) :turpis (ugly, both in a physical and moral sense ; e. g., word, manner, dress, etc) :illiberalis (not worthy of or suiting a free-born man) :gross behavior, indignitas ; mores turpes ; turpitudo :gross flattery, adulationes indecoræ or fœdæ :a gross jest, jocus illiberalis, invidiosus. || Dull, vid. GROSS, s., Vid. WHOLESCALE. GROSSLY, valde, vehementer (e. g., to be mistaken, errare) :indecore :illiberaliter :turpiter. SYN. in GROSS.
GROSSNESS, crassitudo. || Uncourteousness, etc., inhumanitas :inurbanitas :rusticitas [SYN. in RUSTICITY] : mores inculti or rustici. GROT,
GROTTO, antrum (ἄντρον, if in a rock ; different from specus, σπέος ; i. e., a cave or hollow) :museum (a room in the form of a grotto, in the palaces of the rich Romans ; cf. Freund in voc.).
GROTESQUE, perhaps mirus :varie mixtus :monstruosus (applied by Cicero to apes).
GROUND, s., || Earth, terra, (terræ) solum (the surface of the earth, as the ground or foundation of what is or grows on it) :humus “the lowest part of the visible world ; also, and more especially, of any part dug up from the ground, χθών).On the ground, humi :under ground, subterraneus :a walk under ground, crypta (κρύπτη) :to put seed in the ground, semen ingerere solo :under ground, sub terra (e. g., sub terra vivi demissi in locum saxo conseptum, Livius, 22, 57) :to fall to the ground, in terram cadere ; in terram decidere :to fall down from anything to the ground, humi procumbere (to fall on the ground) :to fall to the ground (figuratively, of an argument) [vid. To FALL] :to lie or be stretched on the ground, humi jacere, stratum esse :to fell anybody to the ground, sternere :humi prosternere :to run aground (of a ship), sidere (Livius, 26, 45) :to level with the ground, solo æquare or adæquare. || The first coat of paint of a picture, etc., * color qui est quasi fundamentum picturæ, etc. || A space occupied by an army, locus (plural, loca) :loci or locorum natura (the nature of the ground) :loci situs (the peculiar situation) :the ground was very much against him, or he fought on very unfavorable ground, alienissimo sibi loco conflixit : to reconnoitre the ground, loci naturam observare.For ” to lose or gain ground,” vid. below. || Ground-floor, [vid. FLOOR]. || Depth, bottom, vid. || Grounds = sediment, sedimentum :crassamentum. fæx (e. g., cadum potare fæce tenus, Horatius, Od., 3, 15, 16) :subsidentia quædam (a certain sediment). || Fundamental cause, reason, motive, causa : ratio (reasonable ground) :causa et semen (e. g., belli) :sometimes principium : initium (beginning) : fons (source).To have good grounds for doing anything, non sine gravi causa facio aliquid ; graves causæ me impellunt, ut faciam aliquid :to say nothing without sufficient grounds, nihil temere dico.I don’t clearly see the grounds of it (i. e., of what it is the consequence), rationem quam habeat, non satis perspicio :to remove the grounds of anything, alicujus rei causam tollere :to excuse anybody on the ground of his youth, veniam dare adolescentiæ :a plan which is assuredly not adopted without some good grounds, consilium quod non est profecto de nihilo conceptum (Livius) :on good grounds, justis de causis :not without good grounds, non sine causa, cum causa :there is some ground for anything, subest aliquid alicui rei (Quintilianus) :he seems to have some ground for what he alleges, haud vana afferre videtur.|| To gain ground :(α) to extend itself, etc., percrebrescere :increbrescere (of a report) :ingravescere (to become more serious ; e. g. malum) :longius or latius serpere (to increase gradually, res malum, etc.). (β) To make progress, proficere (with parum, aliquid, nihil, etc.) ; progressus (in the Golden Age not profectum) facere in re.No ground can be gained by these means, his rebus nihil profici potest :I think that some ground has been gained, profectum aliquid puto (toward any object, ad aliquid). (γ) To make an enemy recede, commovere (hostem, Livius), or commovere loco (e. g., agmen) :inclinare aciem : hostes paullum summovere. ||To lose ground, deminui (to be lessened) :inclinari (to be turned downward ; hence, figuratively, to have taken a turn for the worse, res, fortuna) :languescere (to grow faint, improperly) :refrigerari (to be cooled, improperly, levissimus sermo) :cedere (to yield ; e. g., hosti) :deteriore statu or conditione esse (to be in a worse condition) :* minus jam valere (to have now less power, influence, etc.).Not to lose ground (of troops), ordines conservare (i. e., to keep the ranks), locum tenere :our army or men lost ground, exercitus nostri cesserunt. GROUND, v., || To found as on a cause (e. g., to be grounded upon), aliquid fundamentum est alicujus rei : aliqua re teneri or contineri :anything is grounded upon anything, fundamentum alicujus rei positum est in aliqua re. || To settle in rudiments of knowledge ; e. g., to be well grounded in Latin, bene (optime) Latine scire ; in Latinis literis multum versatum esse (the latter, with reference to literature) ; in anything, aliquid penitus percepisse ; aliquid perspexisse planeque cognovisse (to have a thorough knowledge of anything) :initia alicujus disciplinæ diligenter or diligentissime percepisse (after Quintilianus, 10, 1, 13) ; or illa, per quæ ad aliquid pervenitur, diligentissime percepisse (Quintilianus).
GROUND, INTRANS = run aground, sidere (e. g. aliquid, in quo mea cymba non sidat, Quintilianus, 12, 37).
GROUND-FLOOR, contignatio, quæ piano pede est (after Vitruvius 7, 4, 1) [vid. FLOOR] : Cf., atrium = hall.The rooms on the ground, conclavia, quæ piano pede sunt (Vitruvius, 7, 4, 1) :to live on the ground-floor, piano pede habitare (after the above passage).
GROUND-IVY, * glechoma hederacea (Linnæus).
GROUND PINE, * ajuga chamæpitys (Linnæus).
GROUND-PLAN, ichnographia (Vitruvius).
GROUND-PLOT, Vid. FOUNDATION. GROUND-RENT, vectigal agrorum possessionibus impositum (Livius, 4, 36) :solarium (if the land belongs to the state ; Ulpianus, Dig., 30, 1, 39, § 5 ; 42, 8, 2, §17).
GROUNDLESS (not tenable ; e. g., assertion), rationi adversus (i. e., against reason or good sense) :vanus (empty, unsubstantial; opposed to verus) :futilis (frivolous) :fictus : commenticius (invented, made up). (The words are found in this connection and order.) fictus (or futilis) et commenticius ; also by circumlocution, qui (quæ, quod) sine causa fit, etc., aliquid, cui nihil subest (which has no foundation of truth).A confidence which assuredly cannot be utterly groundless, fiducia quæ non de nihilo profecto concepta est (Livius, 39, 29).
GROUNDLESSLY, sine causa : temere :ex vano. GROUNDLESSNESS, vanitas. GROUNDSEL,
GROUNDSIL, || A plant, * senecio (Linnæus). || Threshold, limen. GROUND-WORK,Vid. FOUNDATION. GROUP, turma (general term, as well of persons as figures, especially a group of equestrian statues, as Plinius, 34, 8, 19, No. 6, §64 ; Cicero, Att., 6, 1, 17 ; Velleius, 1, 11, 3) :symplegma, atis (a group of figures ; e. g., two combatants, etc., as Plinius, 36, 5, 4, No. 6, § 24, and No. 10, § 35).
Groups of persons speaking together, sermones inter se serentium circuli (Livius, 28, 25, p. in.) :a group of mountains, vid. CHAIN. GROUP, v., disponere :the grouping of the objects or figures in a picture, dispositio (Plinius, 35, 10, 36, No. 10, § 80).
GROUSE, tetrao (Plinius, * tetrao urogallus, cock of the wood ; tetrao tetrix, black grouse ; tetrao Scoticus, red grouse ; tetrao lagopus, white grouse, ptarmigan ; all Linnæus).
GROVE, lucus : nemus (for pleasure) ; Vid. WOOD. GROVEL, PROPR. [vid. to CREEP]. || IMPROPR., humiliter servire, also servire only (to be ready to perform the meanest services, etc., Livius, 24, 25 ; Cicero, Parad., 5, 2, 39). Vid
GROVELLING. GROVELLING, humilis :humillimus (mean-spirited, especially of things that proceed from such a spirit ; e. g., prayers, speeches, etc., but also, of men) :infimus (of the lowest, most submissive
kind ; e. g., prayers) :illiberalis : sordidus (unworthy of a free, liberal-minded man) :abjectus (low, despicable).
Grovelling character, humilitas :grovelling flattery, adulationes fœdæ :blanditiæ verniles (such as house slaves address to their masters).
GROW, || To increase, (α) PROPR., Of organic bodies, crescere : succrescere (to grow gradually).To grow in height, in altitudinem crescere (of things) :adolescere (of young persons) :to grow in breadth, length, in latitudinem, in longitudinem crescere :to let one’s beard, one’s hair grow, barbam, capillum promittere ; barbam, comam alere :to let one’s nails grow, ungues non resecare or non recidere :to be well grown, procera esse statura (to be tall) ; dignitate corporis placere (to be of graceful appearance). (β) IMPROPR., Of other things, crescere (general term) :incrementum capere (to increase, to grow bigger, more considerable) :augescere : augeri (to increase in number) :ingravescere (in strength ; e. g., of an illness or evil).|| To be produced, etc., gigni : nasci (to come to light or forth) :provenire (to come forth in a growing manner) :to grow in or upon anything, innasci in aliqua re or alicui rei :to grow on anything, annasci in aliqua re :no wood grows in this country, hæc terra est sterilis materiæ :on the banks of no river does more grass grow than on this, gignendæ herbæ nullus fluvius est aptior quam hic. || To become, fieri : evadere (to spring or come forth). Cf., To “grow” with an adjective, is mostly translated by inchoative verbs in scere :to grow dry, arescere ; gray, canescere ; feeble, languescere ; lukewarm, tepescere ; green, virescere ; useless by age, exolescere ; rich, ditescere, or (ex mendico) divitem fieri ; sweet, dulcescere ; young, juvenescere ; mild, mitescere ; soft, mollescere ; fat, pinguescere ; hard, durescere ; lean, macrescere ; tame, mansuescere ; ripe, maturescere ; black, nigrescere, etc. [vid. the respective adjectives, Old, etc.]:to grow humble, se or animum submittere ; submisse se gerere :to grow obsolete, obsolescere :grown out of use, obsoletus (e. g., verbum) :to grow old, senescere ; senem fieri :to grow worse, deteriorem fieri (e. g., of anybody’s circumstances) ; also, in pejorem partem verti et mutari :in pejus mutari :aggravescere : ingravescere (of an illness) ; pejorem fieri (of an invalid, Celsus) :to have grown worse, deteriore statu or conditione esse, pejore loco esse (of anybody’s circumstances) :to grow blind, lumina oculorum or lumina, aspectum amittere :to grow in favor [vid. FAVOR] :to grow up, adolescere. To be grown up, adultum esse :to grow together, coalescere alicui rei :to grow poor, ad inopiam, or egestatem or paupertatem redigi :to grow tired or weary of anything, satietas alicujus rei me capit.
GROW, v., TRANS., serere (general term) :arare :exarare (of corn ; e. g., multum frumenti exarare) :to grow vines, vinum serere or conserere ; vites ponere ; vitem colere ; vineam instituere :vinetum instituere or ponere (the latter = to plant a vineyard) :the growing of potatoes, * solanorum tuberosorum cultura :the Gauls consider it disgraceful to grow their own corn, Galli turpe esse ducunt, frumentum manu quærere. Vid. also, To CULTIVATE. GROWL, v., mussitare (like a dog) :fremere (of persons, as mark of dissatisfaction).
GROWL, s., mussitatio (of a dog) :fremitus (of persons).
GROWTH, incrementum : accessio :auctus, us (increase) :progressus :profectus (progress, advancement).To reach its full growth, ad maturitatem pervenire ; maturitatem assequi ; crescendi finem capere (Plinius, 8, 42, 65, § 162) ; * ad justam magnitudinem pervenire ; florere (to be in full bloom) :to promote the growth of the hair, capillum alere ; capillum natura fertili evocare :wine of this year’s growth, vinum hornum :the natural growth of the soil, quod in terra aliqua nascitur, gignitur ; also, terræ fructus. GRUB, v., runcare :eruncare : inutiles herbas evellere :steriles herbas eligere :malas herbas effodere (with a hoe ; e. g., hortum steriles herbas eligens repurgo) :grubbing up, runcatio. GRUB, || A small worm, vermis : vermiculus (general term) :tarmes :teredo (maggot) :* larva (Linnæus, as general term for the grub state).
GRUDGE, || To envy, invidere alicui :somewhat to grudge, subinvidere alicui.To grudge anybody anything, invidere alicui aliquid (e. g., Horatius, Sat., 1, 6, 49, sq., invidere alicui honorem) ; not to grudge anybody anything, non invidere alicui aliquid.,I do not grudge him it, per me habeat :do not grudge me it, noli mihi invidere :he does not grudge others some part of his superfluities, de suo, quod ei superat, aliis gratificari vult. || To murmur, vid. || To be unwilling to do, etc., anything, gravari aliquid facere, dare, etc. :not to grudge to do anything, non gravari aliquid facere, or non gravate aliquid facere :to grudge anybody a letter, gravari ad aliquem literas dare :not to grudge an answer, non gravate respondere :don’t let him grudge me my request, quod cupiam, ne gravetur (Plautus).I implore you not to grudge us the completion of the work you have begun, rogo, ut ne gravere exædificare id opus, quod instituisti (Cicero) :Cf., gravari aliquid aliquem is not Ciceronian. GRUDGE, s., odium occultum or inclusum (general term for any secret hatred) :simultas obscura (hidden or concealed enmity between parties or persons, especially with reference to political matters : Cf., “simultas ” by itself does not convey the meaning of our word “grudge’) :dolor (the painful feeling produced by a suffered offence ; vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 88) :a just grudge, dolor Justus :to bear a grudge against anybody, or owe anybody a grudge, odium occultum gerere adversus aliquem (after Plinius, 8, 18, 26) :they bear a grudge to each other, simultas obscura inter eos intercedit (after Cæsar, B
G., 2, 25).
GRUDGINGLY, || Unwillingly, animo iniquo or irato :stomachose :cum or non sine stomacho :invitus (adjective) or invite : gravate (as a task unwillingly performed ; e. g., respondere). || Scantily, vid. GRUEL, * cremor avenæ :* puls ex avena facta (of oatmeal) :ptisanæ cremor (of barley).
GRUFF, || Surly, etc., morosus :acerbus :stomachosus. || Harsh, etc., durus (opposed to flexibility) :asper (opposed to levis, both of the voice).
GRUFFLY,Vid. CROSSLY, HARSHLY. GRUFFNESS, morositas : asperitas (also vocis).
GRUMBLE, murmurare :commurmurare (to murmur from dissatisfaction ; the latter of several persons) :fremere (of the murmurs of a multitude ; against anything, adversus aliquid) :queri (to complain ; aliquid, de aliquo or aliqua re ; also with infinitive or quod ; also absolute) :conqueri aliquid, de aliqua re (absolutely, with accusative and infinitive [not Cicero], and once in Tacitus, with cur and subjunctive).To bear anything without grumbling, sedate or æquo animo ferre aliquid. GRUMBLER, (homo) querulus ; or difficilis, querulus (Horatius).
GRUMBLING, murmuratio :murmur : fremitus [SYN. in GRUMBLE] :questus :querela : querimonia. Vid. COMPLAINT.
GRUMOUS,Vid. CLOTTED. GRUNT,
GRUNTING, grunnitus. GRUNT, v., grunnire. GUARANTEE, || Security for the due performance of stipulations, etc., satisdatio (the pledging one’s self, especially by giving a sum of money as security) :fidei jussio (Jurisconsulti, the giving security for anybody ; he was asked, id fide tua esse jubes? Ulpianus, Dig., 45, 1, 75, §6) :verbal guarantees, satisdationes secundum mancipium (Cicero, Att., 5, 1 ; i. e., only promises). || Person who gives the guarantee, cautor (general term) :sponsor : vas [SYN. in SURETY] :fidejussor :confirmator (only in pecuniary cases ; cf. Cicero, Cluent., 26, 77) :to be anybody’s guarantee for a large amount, intercedere pro aliquo magnam pecuniam (Cicero).
GUARANTY, sponsionem, vadimonium facere ; sponsione se obstringere ; satisdare (to give one’s guarantee) :sponsorem, prædem esse pro aliquo (to be a guarantee for anybody) :intercedere (that anything is to be performed, absolutely) :præstare aliquem, or aliquid, or de re (to make one’s self responsible for anybody or anything) :prædem fieri pro aliquo and alicujus rei ; obsidem alicujus rei fieri [SYN. of præs and obses, in SURETY] :aliquid in se recipere (to take anything upon one’s self) :pro or de aliqua re cavere (to give bail ; also, cautionem, or satis, or satisdationem offerre, in money transactions ; vid
GUARANTEE).
GUARD, v., custodire (the proper word, from or against anything, ab aliqua re or contra aliquid ; also, improperly = observare) :servare : asservare (to take care of, to watch) :munire (to protect against anything, ab aliqua re, contra or adversus aliquid) :tegere : protegere (ab aliqua re or contra aliquid ; vid. also, To DEFEND).To guard the defiles by a strong redoubt, fauces regionis valido munimento sepire :to guard anything against fire, aliquid contra ignem firmare ; against frost and the weather, a frigore et tempestate munire ; contra frigorum æstusque injuriam tueri (e. g., the head) :to guard against anything [vid. “to be on one’s GUARD, ” s.] :to guard against the cold, a frigore se defendere :to guard the house, domum servare or custodire :to be guarded, custodiri ; in custodia esse :to have anything guarded, custodem (custodes) imponere alicui rei, seldom in re ; anybody, alicui (never in aliquo ; vid. Bremi, Nep., Cim., 4, 1) ; custodias alicui circumdare :to have a place guarded, locum custodiis munire. GUARD, s., || The act of keeping or preservng, conservatio : custodia (a watching). || Man or men posted to guard a place, custos (general term) ; vigil (nocturnus, by night) :excubitor (vid. plural, below).
Guards, custodia :custodes (general terms) ; excubitores :excubiæ (for the security
of a place, as well by day as by night ; also the right term for sentinels before a palace) ; vigiliæ :vigiles (at night ; patrols) ; statio :stationes (outposts ; pickets ; especially in the day).To post guards, custodias, or vigilias, or stationes disponere. || The office or state of being a guard, vigiliæ : statio [SYN. above].To be going to mount guard, excubiæ in stationem procedunt ; milites in stationes succedunt ; * in stationum vices succedere (the last of the soldiers that relieve the posts) : κυρικιμασαηικοto come off guard, de statione decedere :to be on guard (of a soldier), excubare or excubias agere (general term) ; vigilias agere (at night) ; stationem agere :in statione esse : stationem habere (to be on duty, to be posted as sentinel) : stationem regere or stationi præesse (of the officer) :the officer on guard, * stationi præfectus or præpositus. || A soldier belonging to the life-guards, miles prætorianus (Silver Age). || State of readiness to ward off an attack, cautio. To be on one’s guard against anything or anybody, cavere aliquid or aliquem (sibi) cavere ab aliqua re or ab aliquo ; also, with ne, ut :one must be on one’s guard, cauto or præcauto opus est :to be on one’s guard against treachery, cavere insidias or præcavere ab insidiis :to be on one’s guard, cavere :cavere sibi :animum attendere ad cavendum. || In fencing, ictus propulsatio. || Part of the hilt of a sword, * scutulum capulare. GUARDEDLY, caute :provide : considerate : circumspecte. SYN. in CAUTIOUS. GUARDER, custos. Vid. also, GUARD. GUARDIAN, || That is intrusted with the care of anything, custos. || That has the care of one under age, tutor : curator (of persons of age ; vid.
Heinec., Antiq. Rom. Synt., 1, 23, 6, p. 226, sq.).To make anybody a guardian, aliquem tutorem (or curatorem) constituere or instituere :to make anybody the guardian of one’s children, aliquem tutorem instituere filiorum orbitati ; tutelam filiorum alicui committere ; alicui aliquem tutorem (or curatorem) dare ; aliquem alicui tutorem scribere (if appointed by will) :to be anybody’s guardian, alicui tutorem esse, alicujus tutorem agere :alicujus tutelam administrare (of one under age) : aliquem curare (of one who is of age) :to have anybody for one’s guardian, aliquem tutorem habere or in tutela alicujus esse (of one under age) :ab aliquo curari (if of age).
GUARDIANSHIP, cura :curatio :procuratio (care, management, etc.) :custodia (custody). || With reference to minors, tutela (of one under age) :to have the guardianship, tutelam gerere or administrare :to undertake the guardianship, tutelam alicujus accipere :to intrust anybody with the guardianship of one’s sons, alicui tutelam filiorum committere :aliquem tutorem instituere filiorum orbitati :to be under anybody’s guardianship, in tutela alicujus esse ; ab aliquo curari (of one that is of age) :under anybody’s guardianship, aliquo tutore ; aliquo curante (of one of age) :cause relating to guardianship, causa tutelaris (later only). GUARDSHIP, custodia. Vid. CARE. GUARD-SHIP, navis speculatoria :navigium speculatorium. GUDGEON, gobius or gobio :* cyprinus gobio (Linnæus).
GUERDON, præmium or pretium :honos :fructus : præmiolum :beneficium :* viaticum honestum [SYN. in REWARD].To receive, give a guerdon [vid. To REWARD]. To expect a guerdon from anybody or a service rendered, pretium meriti ab aliquo desiderare. GUESS, conjicere : conjectare :conjectura assequi or consequi : præcipere (to anticipate anything before it is carried into effect ; e. g., anybody’s plans) :solvere : explicare (to solve ; e. g., a riddle, etc.) :divinare (to divine ; to guess the future, divinare futura : divinare quid…consuli vitii obvenisset, Livius) :opinari (to guess that anything is so from perceiving its possibility, probability, etc. Cf., Not autumare).To guess anybody’s feeling or sentiments, ad sensum opinionemque alicujus penetrare (Cicero, Partit., 36, 123) :that is difficult to guess, horum difficilis est conjectura :as far as I can guess, quantum opinione auguror ; quantum ego conjectura assequor or augurari possum ; quantum ego animi mei conjectura colligere possum ; quantum conjectare licet :to guess wrong, conjectura aberrare (Cicero, Att., 14, 21) :if there are any means of guessing anything, si qua conjectura sit alicujus rei (Livius) :to guess from anything, conjecturam facere or capere ex re. Vid. also, To CONJECTURE.
GUESS, s., conjectura (based on the ground of the probability of a fact) :opinio (the opinion, as the result of imagination, without regard to the correctness or incorrectness of the grounds on which it is formed).
GUESS-WORK, conjectura, or by circumlocution. Anything is mere guess-work, aliquid conjecturale est ; aliquid conjeotura nititur or continetur ; aliquid quæritur per conjecturam. GUEST, conviva (at a party ; umbra = an uninvited guest brought by one vjho is invited) :hospes :adventor (hospes is the guest who visits his friend ; adventor, the person who puts up at his host’s ; Seneca, Benef., 1, 14, Nemo se stabularii aut cauponis hospitem judicat. Döderlein).To receive anybody as one’s guest, aliquem hospitio excipere ; aliquem invitare tecto ac domo : aliquem cœnæ or in convivium adhibere (at a party).
GUEST-CHAMBER, hospitium (in a private house, Suetonius, Ner., 47) :* conclave deversorii (in a public house).
GUGGLE, singultire (e. g., of a bottle).
GUGGLING, singultus (ampulla crebris singultibus sistit, quod effundit, Plinius, Ep., 4, 30, 6).
GUIDANCE, ductio :ductus (the former as act, the latter as state, and also in the sense of command) :administratio (administration, management of public business ; e. g., matters of war) :cura (care, management).Under anybody’s guidance, aliquo duce ; alicujus ductu :to be under anybody’s guidance, aliquo duce or auctore uti ; alicujus consilio regi (of persons) ; ab aliquo regi, gubernari (of things) :to place one’s self under the guidance of anybody, ad alicujus auctoritatem se conferre ; alicujus consiliis parere ; dux mihi et magister aliquis est (e. g., adaliquid) to be under the guidance of another, alieni arbitrii esse :to do anything under anybody’s guidance, aliquo auctore facere aliquid :to have the guidance of anything, regere, moderari, etc. Vid. To GUIDE. GUIDE, v., ducere (general term, to give a certain direction ; properly, only) :ducem esse alicui or alicujus rei (to be the guide of anybody or anything, properly and improperly) :regere :moderari : moderatorem esse alicujus rei :gubernare. (The words are found in this connection and order.) regere et moderari :regere et gubernare : gubernare et moderari (to rule or direct anything) :administrare (to have the management of anything, to administer).To guide the hand (of a person learning to write), scribentis manum manu superimposita regere (Quintilianus, 1, 1, 27) :to guide the pen, * pennam regere :to guide anybody, aliquem consiliis gubernare :to guide anybody as one pleases, ex voluntate uti aliquo :to give one’s hand to anybody, to guide him, alicui manus dare :to suffer one’s self to be guided, se regi pati ; also, regi posse ; by anybody, alicujus consilio regi ; aliquem or alicujus auctoritatem sequi ; alicui parere, alicui or alicujus auctoritati : obtemperare [vid. To OBEY] :to be guided by anything, aliquid sequi ; aliqua re moveri (e. g., by what is morally good, honesto) :aliquam rem ducem sequi :to be guided by circumstances, ex re consulere (i. e., to act according to the circumstances of the case, without being tied down to any particular measures).
GUIDE, s., dux (general term for leader) :rector : moderator : gubernator (especially of the stale, reipublicæ) :princeps alicujus rei (that is at the head of anything) :qui præest alicui rei (e. g., studiis alicui, who directs the studies of anybody ; also, qui præfectus est, etc. ; pædagogus [vid
GOVERNOR] :dux viæ or itineris (guide in travelling ; also, viarum atque itinerum dux, as Cæsar, B
G., 6, 17, of Mercury).To have anybody for a guide, uti aliquo duce itineris :to offer one’s services to anybody as guide, polliceri se itineris ducem.Anything serves me for a guide, aliquid sequor ; * liber, quem quasi ducem sequor (a guide in the shape of a book) :to take Bredow for one’s guide in lecturing upon history, * historiam Bredovio duce discipulis tradere :to take anything for or as a guide, aliquam rem ducem sequi :in all things take prudence for a guide, omnia gubernes ac moderere prudentia tua. GUIDE-POST, * pila itineris index.If they did not set up reeds to serve them for guide-posts, nisi calami defixi regant (cf. Plinius, 6, 29, 33).
GUILD, collegium ; of carpenters, collegium fabrorum tignariorum (Inscr.).
GUILD-HALL, perhaps * curia. GUILE,Vid. CUNNING, FRAUD. GUILEFUL, Vid. CUNNING, FRAUDULENT. GUILEFULLY,Vid. CUNNINGLY, FRAUDULENTLY. GUILEFULNESS,Vid. CUNNING, FRAUD. GUILELESS, bonus : probus (honest) :innocens : integer (on whose life there is no blemish) :simplex (in which no other sense is concealed, not open to different interpretations ; e. g., words ; vid. Bremi, Suet., Tib., 61 ; also of persons) :sine fraude (without deception).
GUILELESSLY, sine fraude. Vid. also, HONESTLY. GUILLOTINE, s., * securis illa mensaque lanionia Francogallorum (after Suetonius, Claud., 15) :* pegma supplicii mortiferaque securis. GUILLOTINE, v., * alicui caput mensa lanionia præcidere securi.They were guillotined, * sævis illis Francogallorum securibus percussi sunt. GUILT, culpa (denotes guilt as the state of one who has to answer, by suffering punishment or making compensation, for any injury or crime ; hence it supposes the power of calculating consequences, and therefore a rational being ; opposed to casus or necessitas)
:noxia (denotes the stale of one who has caused any injury or damage ; it can therefore be applied to whatever is capable of producing an effect ; opposed to innocentia) :noxa (according to Festus., after Sulp., Rufus, noxia = damnum, but, in poets and orators = culpa ; noxa = peccatum or pro peccato pœna.Cicero does not use noxa, but has noxiæ = “wrongs,” “injuries”) :scelus (wickedness ; a malicious violation of the rights of others, the peace of society, etc.; often opposed to the more general and lighter culpa, as “guilt” to “fault ;” vid. examples below) :causa : causa maleficii (the cause of the crime) :meritum (desert, whether of good or evil ; in the latter sense, Cicero, Fam., 5, 9, non meo merito ; so Cæsar, B
G., 1, 14 : Ovidius, Met., 8, 503, nunc merito moriere tuo).To be free from guilt, extra noxiam esse (not to have caused the injury) ; extra culpam esse (not to deserve blame or punishment) ; liberum esse a delicto (or -is) ; scelere liberatum esse (Cicero) :though we are not indeed without fault, yet we stand acquitted of guilt, etsi aliqua culpa tenemur erroris humani, a scelere certe liberati sumus (Cicero) :the guilt is mine, mea culpa est ; is all my own, mea propria culpa est.
His guilt is not greater than that of, etc., non iste majus scelus commisit, quam qui, etc. All imaginable guilt is summed up and comprehended in this crime, in hoc uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videntur (Cicero).To be without guilt [vid
GUITLESS]. Vid. CRIME, GUILTY. GUILTINESS, culpa. GUILTLESS, innocens :insons :culpa vacuus or carens :integer [SYN. in INNOCENT]. To be guiltless, extra culpam esse : culpa vacuum esse : culpa carere.Vid. INNOCENT.
GUILTLESSLY, innocenter (post-Augustan, Quintilianus) :integre : pudice :caste. (The words are found in this connection and order.) pure et caste ; caste integreque. GUILTLESSNESS,Vid. INNOCENCE. GUILTY, nocens (denotes guilt, in a specified case, with regard to a single action) :noxius (in the poets, nocuus relates to the nature and character in general. Of a guilty person, it only represents him as the author and cause of some hurt, like βλαβερός) :sons (morally guilty ; condemned, or worthy of condemnation, like θῶος. Döderlein).To be guilty of a crime, culpam or facinus in se admittere ; scelus (in sese) concipere vid. more under to “commit a CRIME”).To be guilty of so dreadful a sin, tantum sceleris or (stronger) flagitii admittere (Cicero).What crime can be imagined, of which this man has not been guilty ? quid mali aut sceleris ringi aut excogitari potest, quod non ille conceperit? (Cicero). To declare or pronounce anybody guilty, aliquem noxium judicare [vid. To CONDEMN].To consider anybody guilty, aliquem nocentem habere :to punish the guilty, punire sontes. GUINEA, perhaps * aureus Anglicus. GUINEA-FOWL, meleagris (μελεαγρίς, ίδος, ἡ) : * Numida meleagris (Linnæus) :avis Numidica :gallina Numidica or Africana (a species of it ; vid. Schneider, Varr., R. R., 3, 19, 18).
GUINEA-HEN.Vid
GUINEA-FOWL. GUINEA-PIG, * mus porcellus (Linnæus) :* cavia cobava (Pall.).
GUINEA-PEPPER, * capsicum. GUISE :Vid. Manner. GUITAR, * cithara Hispanica :a guitar player, citharista : citharœdus (if he accompanies his play with a song).Feminine, citharistria (Inscr.) :citharœda. GULF, || A bay, sinus maris or maritimus ; from the context sinus only. || A whirlpool, vortex. || Abyss, vorago :gurges :profundum, with or without maris [SYN. in ABYSS] : Cf., barathrum is to be avoided in prose, since only Vitruvius [10, 6 (22), 11] uses it, in speaking of a pit dug by the hands of men).In the midst of the forum there appeared a yawning gulf, forum medium specu vasto collapsum est in immensam altitudinem. GULFY, voraginosus (Hirtius).
GULL, v., Vid. To CHEAT. GULL, s., || A cheat, vid. || A person easily imposed upon, homo stultus :stipes : credulus. || A sea-bird, * larus :* larus marinus (Linnæus).
GULLERY,Vid. FRAUD. GULLET, fauces : gula. SYN. in THROAT. GULLY-HOLE, perhaps receptaculum purgamentorum (as definition given by Livius, 1, 56, of “cloaca”).
GULOSITY, edacitas :aviditas cibi :voracitas (later only). SYN. in GLUTTON. GULP, vorare :devorare : haurire (to devour with avidity) :absorbere [to drench, vid., and To DEVOUR].|| IMPROPR., devorare (e. g., paucorum dierum molestiam, Cicero) :exsorbere (e. g., multorum difficultatem, i. e., awkward tempers).
GUM, || A vegetable substance, gummi (indeclinable) or gummis. || Of the teeth, gingiva. GUM, v., conglutinare (general term ; to stick or glue together) :agglutinare aliquid alicui rei (to gum one thing to another).
GUMMY, gummosus (Plinius).
GUN, * sclopetum.
He was so good a shot with a gun, that he could hit any bird flying, however wild it might be, * in hoc recentioris ætatis missili, sclopeto, seu tubo ignivomo, tractando tanta dexteritate valebat, ut avem quamvis vage varieque volitantem feriret (Wyttenback) :the barrel of a gun, * sclopeti tubus :the stock of a gun, * sclopeti lignum :the lock of a gun, * sclopeti igniarium :to fire a gun at anybody, * ictum sclopeto mittere in aliquem :to be mortally wounded by his companion, who was holding his gun carelessly, * comite, sclopetum incaute tractante, mortifera emissione vulnerari (Wyttenback).To load a gun, * pulverem pyrium sclopeto infundere ; with ball, * glandem plumbeam sclopeto immittere :A gun-shot, * ictus sclopeti. GUN-BARREL, * sclopeti tubus. GUNNER, * miles tormentarius. GUNPOWDER, * pulvis pyrius. GUNSMITH, * sclopetorum faber. GUN-STOCK, * sclopeti tignum. GUNWALE, perhaps labra (plural) navis. GURGE,Vid
GULF. GURGLE, susurrare (of water) :cum murmure labi (to glide on with a gurgling noise) :murmurare (to murmur) :leniter sonare († of brooks ; a gurgling fountain, fons leniter sonantis aquæ, †) :
Gurgling (in poetry), also garrulus (e. g., rivus, Ovidius, Fast., 2, 316) ; loquax (e. g., lymphæ, Horatius).
GUSH, v., exundare aliqua re :profluere ex aliqua re (general term) :scaturire :manare :alte or in altum emicare :exsilire (to spring up) :erumpere :prorumpere (of water, tears, blood, etc., to flow or rush forth with some degree of violence) :ex edito desilire (e. g., from a height) :prosilire or emicare (of blood) :profundi : se profundere (of tears, etc.) :* cum fremitu delabi (to rush down with a noise).Tears gush from the eyes, in lacrimas effundi. GUSH, s., [vid. STREAM] :with a gush of tears (e. g., to implore anybody), multis cum lacrimis :a gush of tears. Vid. “FLOOD of tears.” GUSSET, * cuneus (if in the form of a wedge) : * conus (if in a form of cone) ; or perhaps * pannus cuneatus or forma cuneata. GUST, || Taste, vid. || A sudden blast of wind, impetus venti : flamen :flatus (poetical).
GUSTY, turbulentus ; procellosus ; turbidus. SYN. in STORMY. GUT, s., intestinum (general term) :intestinum rectum (the colon) :* intestinum ilium (the ilium) :intestinum jejunum (the jejunum). || figuratively = stomach (as term of contempt). Vid. BELLY. GUT, v., exenterare (e. g., a hare, leporem : Cf., not eviscerare in this sense). || To empty (a house of its contents), exinanire (to empty ; e. g., domos, Cicero) :everrere et extergere (to sweep it clean of its contents ; e. g., domum, urbem, fanum, Cicero).to gut a house, domum exinanire ; domum eversam atque extersam relinquere (Cicero, Verr., 2, 21, fin.) ; * domum ita exinanire, ut parietes modo stent et maneant (cf. Cicero, Off., 2, 29).
GUTTER, s., canalis or (if a small one) canaliculus (general term) :canalis, quæ excipit e tegulis aquam cœlestem (pipe of a roof ; Vitruvius, 3, 5, 15) :tegulæ colliciares (the tiles in which the rain-water runs down ; Cato, R. R., 14, 4) :colliciæ (for draining fields, as well as on a roof).
GUTTER, v., TRANS., striare. GUTTLER, ganeo (the proper word) :heluo :nepos (if he spends wastefully) :homo non profundæ modo, sed intempestivæ quoque ac sordidæ gulæ (in a worse sense).
GUTTURAL, e. g., a letter, * litera palati. GUZZLE, heluari :luxuriose vivere. GUZZLER,Vid
GUTTLER. GYMNASTIC, gymnicus :gymnasticus (rather obsolete).
Gymnastic exercises, artes gymnicæ (as art) ; exercitatio in gymnasiis (the exercises of young men in higher schools, juventutis). GYMNASTICS, ars gymnica. GYPSUM, gypsum (γύψος). GYRE,Vid. CIRCLE. GYVE,Vid. To FETTER. GYVES,Vid. FETTERS.
HA! ah! (expressing pain, anger, or reproach ; impatience and astonishment ; also, consolation [Quid? ah volet! Terentianus], and sometimes joy) :ha ! ha ! ha! (cheerful laughter) ha ! ha ! ha ! – aha ! (Plautus). HABERDASHER, tabernarius (general term for shopkeeper) :qui pannos vendit or venditat (seller of cloth, stuffs, etc.).
HABILIMENT, Vid. DRESS. HABIT, || Dress, Vid. || State of things, habitus (also of constitutional temperament ; e. g., habitu…ut facile et cito irascatur, Cicero, Top., 16, 62) ; also, naturæ ipsius hahitus :a habit of body, corporis affectio, constitutio [vid. CONDITION, CONSTITUTION]. || Custom, consuetude : Cf., rassuetudo not Cicero, but Varro [amor assuetudinis] Ovidius, Livius [assuetudo mali], Tacitus [natura sive assuetudine], etc. mos :institutum [SYN. in CUSTOM]. Cf., hahitus, ” the state in which anything se habet, ” often approaches very near to the meaning of “habit, ” e. g., Justitia est habitus animi communi utilitate conservata, etc., Cicero ; hominem ad rationis habitum perducere, Cicero ; suoque potius habitu vitam degere (Phædrus).The habit of sinning, consuetudo peccandi ; of speaking, loquendi :after my (his, etc.) habit, as my (his, etc.) habit is, (ex) consuetudine ; (ex) more ; pro mea consuetudine ; (ex) instituto meo ; ut or quemadmodum
consuevi :against (my, etc.) usual habit, præter consuetudinem ; contra morem consuetudinemque :the Greeks are in the habit of, etc., est consuetudo or mos Græcorum, followed by infinitive or ut, etc. ; est Græcæ consuetudinis or moris Græci, ut, etc. ; apud Græcos ea consuetudo est, ut (Cæsar, B
G., 1, 50) :it is the habit here ( = of this country), est usu receptum ; est institutum :to retain a habit, consuetudinem (meam, etc.) tenere, retinere, servare.I have always retained this habit, or been in the habit of acting thus in political matters, eam (hanc, etc.) consuetudinem in republica semper habui (Cicero, Phil., 1, 11, 27) :to retain the good old habit of anything, retinere veterem illum alicujus rei morem (e. g., officii, Cicero, Planc., 6, 22) :to have a habit, consuetudinem habere (as Cicero, Phil., 1, 11, 27, sin consuetudinem meam, quam in republica semper habui, tenuero) :to have the habit of, etc., assuevisse, consuevisse (to have accustomed one’s self), or solere (to be in the habit), with infinitive (e. g., qui mentiri solet, pejerare consuevit) :to adopt a habit, consuetudinem asciscere (e. g., lubenter, Cicero, Brut., 57, fin.) :to induce anybody to adopt the same habit as one’s self, induco aliquem in meam consuetudinem :to train anybody to the habit of anything, assuefacere aliquem aliqua re (e. g., disciplina) :anything grows into a habit, in consuetudinem or morem venire :anything grows a habit with me, in consuetudinem alicujus rei venio or me adduco.To get the habit of anything, alicujus rei sibi naturam facere (Quintilianus, 2, 2, 17) :anybody gets into the habit of, etc., aliquis in eam consuetudinem venit or in eam se consuetudinem adducit, ut, etc. :this is becoming a habit, consuetudo inveterascit :to introduce a habit, consuetudinem introducere :to keep to one’s old habit or habits, institutum suum tenere ; nihil mutare de consuetudine sua :to give up or depart from a habit, consuetudine recedere :to give up or depart from one’s usual habit, a pristina consuetudine deflectere ; gradually, consuetudinem minuere :to be the slave of habit, consuetudini servire :to endeavor to bring anybody back to his old habit, revocare ad pristinam consuetudinem :to reintroduce an old habit, veterem consuetudinem referre.Demosthenes was in the habit of reciting aloud several verses without taking breath, Demosthenes summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronunciare consuescebat (Cicero ; i. e., accustomed himself to do it by practice).PROV.
Habit grows into a second nature, consuetudine quasi altera quædam natura efficitur (Cicero, De Fin., 5, 25, 74), or vetus consuetudo obtinet vim naturæ (Cicero, De Invent.,1, 2, 3) :the habit of acting right has become a second nature to me, mihi bene facere ex consuetudine in naturam vertit (Sallustius, Jug., 85, 4) :a bad, long, barbarous, etc., habit, consuetudo mala (Horatius ), longa, vetus (Quintilianus) ; immanis ac barbara (Cicero) :it was very important that the habit of discipline should be formed in our troops, ad disciplinam militiæ plurimum intererat insuescere militem nostrum :my father had established in his family the habit of speaking correctly, patrio fuit instituto puro sermone assuefacta domus (Cicero). Vid. CUSTOM. HABIT, v., Vid. To DRESS. HABITABLE, habitabilis. HABITATION,Vid. DWELLING. HABITUAL, assuetus (accustomed ; e. g., are, fons : in the sense of “accustomed to,” it does not belong here) :consuetus (customary ; e. g., lubido, etc.) :solitus (accustomed ; of things to which one is accustomed, or that happens customarily ; not Cicero or Cæsar, but Sallustius, Fragm. [Vid. CUSTOMARY.]Anybody is an habitual liar, aliquis solet or insuevit mentiri :an habitual liar, homo assuetus mendaciis ; or cui mentiri ex consuetudine in naturam vertit (after Sallustius, Jug., 85, 41) :an habitual and practised controversialist, male assuetus ad omnes vias controversiarum (Sallustius, Fragm.) :an habitual deceiver, totus ex fraude et fallaciis factus :an habitual adulterer, homo stuprorum exercitatione assuefactus (Cicero, Catil., 2, 5). Cf., The notion of “habitual” is sometimes implied by the termination of an adjective, as, ebriosus, iracundus, anxius, etc.
HABITUALLY, by circumlocution, ut solet :ut assolet :ut consuetudo fert (i. e., as he habitually does or is in the habit of doing, or as habit or custom requires). Cf., Mostly by circumlocution with solere (of animate and inanimate beings), or consuevisse, or assuevisse, or insuevisse (of rational beings only, with infinitive : a road by which merchants habitually travel, iter, quo mercatores ire consuerant.Sometimes consuevisse is used as a neuter of things ; as is habitually done in anything, ut in aliqua re fieri consuevit [Sallustius, Cat., 22, 2] : insuesco not Cicero or Cæsar, but Livius, etc) :usitato more : tralaticio more (from old hereditary custom) :more suo :moribus suis (according to one’s custom) ; (ex) consuetudine (from custom or habit). [SYN. in CUSTOM or HABIT] :habitually insubordinate and licentious, assuetus immoderata licentia militari (Justinus, 31, 1, 8) :it was very important that our troops should be rendered habitually obedient to discipline, ad disciplinam militiæ plurimum intererat insuescere militem nostrum (Livius). Vid.
HABITUAL. HABITUATE,Vid. To ACCUSTOM. HACK, || To cut irregularly, cædere : concidere (to cut up into small pieces) : [Vid. To CUT, To CHOP.] || To speak with stops or catches (Shakespeare), verba refringere (Statius, Sylv., 2, 1, 123).
HACK, || Horse for common use, caballus, or (general term) equus. || A hired horse, equus conducticius (with reference to the horse itself) :equus conductus (with reference to him who hires it ; compare with HIRE) :* equus meritorius :equus vectigalis (with reference to him who lets it out ; the latter, Cicero, Phil., 2, 25, 62, after the definition of Manutius). || As adjective, conducticius :(mercede) conductus (the former with reference to the thing ; the latter to the hirer) :mercenarius (giving one’s services for pay ; also of things; opposed to gratuitus). || Anything let out for hire [vid. compounds of HACKNEY]. || Much used, common, contritus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) communis et contritus (e. g., omnium communia et contrita præcepta) :tritus : jam tritus sermone (e. g., of proverbs).
HACKING, s., by circumlocution with cædere, concidere ; for concisio is only with reference to sentences, as rhetorical technical term; intercisio (Varro, ap. Aug.) is “the cutting through,” e. g., with an axe, securis. HACKLE (flax), hamis ferreis linum pectere. HACKNEY, s.,[Vid.
HACK].Also as adjective ; vid.
HACK, s. HACKNEY-COACH, vehiculum meritorium :rheda meritoria. HACKNEY-COACHMAN, * rhedarius mercenarius. HACKNEYED, contritus :communis et contritus (e. g., præcepta) :quod in omnium ore est or versatur. HADDOCK, * gadus æglesinus (Linnæus) ; perhaps the Roman asellus (Plinius).
HAFT, s., manubrium. Vid.
HANDLE. HAFT, v., * alicui rei manubrium aptare.
HAGGARD, || Wild, vid. || Lean, macer : fame maceratus (from starvation) :vegrandi macie torridus (e. g., homo ; Cicero, Agr., 2, 34, extr.).A pale face, haggard eyes, and a mad look, colos exsanguis, fœdi oculi, prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat (Sallustius).
HAGGLE, TRANS., || To cut, to chop, vid. || INTRANS., valde illiberaliter liceri (to bid a meanly low price) :* de pretio (alicujus rei) cum aliquo rixari (to quarrel about the price).
HAH ! Vid.
HA ! HAIL, s., grando (also, figuratively, in Latin = shower, tanta vis lapidum creberrimæ grandinis modo, etc. ; Curtius 7, 8, 9) :like hail, * specie grandinis.A violent hail storm, with thunder and lightning, tempestas cum grandine ac tonitribus cœlo dejecta. HAIL, v., It hails, grandinat ; grando cadit :it gives over haiting, degrandinat. HAIL, || To salute, vid. Your arrival will be hailed by everybody, carus omnibus exspectatusque venies.
Hail! salve, plurimum te salvere jubeo. || Summon, call to, vid.
HAILSHOT, Vid
GRAPESHOT. HAILSTONE, grando. HAILSTORM, vis creberrimæ grandinis.A violent hailstorm, with thunder and lightning, tempestas cum grandine ac tonitribus cœlo dejecta :a violent hailstorm occurred, nimbus cum grandine exortus est ingens :a season in which many hailstorms occur, tempestas calamitosa (with reference to the injury done to the crops) :if any injury has been done by hailstones, si grando quippiam nocuit (Cicero).The damage done by a hailstorm , calamitas. HAIR, || A single hair, pilus (general term, on the body of men and animals, whether short or long, bristly or smooth ; vid. Plinius, 11, 32, 47, and 39, 94 ; Horatius, Ep., 2, 1, 45, horse-hair, of the tail ; Varro, R. R., 2, 11, 11, goat’s hair ; opposed to lana ; Plinius, 8, 48, 73, wool.The singular also stands collectively for the hair of the whole body, like crinis and capillus ; vid. Plinius, 11, 32, 47, and 39, 94) :seta (the strong, bristly hair of animals, as horse-hair, hog’s bristle, etc.) :crinis (the smooth hair of the human head ; vid. Martisalis, 12, 32, 4, uxor rufa crinibus septem ; the singular also, collectively = crines, i. e., head of hair) :villus : villi (only collectively = the thick, woolly or hanging hair of animals. Cf., That villus refers, as just mentioned, rather to the thickness and closeness than to the length of the hair, may be seen from Columella, 7, 3, 7, “ovis prolixi villi ;” and Plinius, 11, 39, 94, “villosissimus animalium lepus”).Fine or thin hair, pilus tenuis :thick hair, pilus crassus :hair grows thick, pili crassescunt :bristly hair, pilus hirtus :a person covered all over with hair, hirtus :thin hair, pili rari :having only a few straggling hairs, raripilus
(especially of animals) :the hair a child is born with, pili congeniti or simul geniti (e. g., of the head) :hair that grows after the birth, pili agnati or post geniti (e. g., of the beard) :the hair in the nose, vibrissæ (Festi) :the hair of the beard, barba :hair from the beard, capilli ex barba detonsi (shorn from the beard ; Seneca, Ep., 92, 31) :the downy hair on the face, especially on the chin, of young people, lanugo ; lanugines oris (of several persons) :the long hair hanging down on the temples or cheeks, capronæ or caproneæ ; upon the forehead, antiæ :the hair of the eyelids, cilia, orum :of the eyebrows, supercilia, orum :the hair under the armpit (as liable to smell offensively), hircus :the hair on the neck of a horse or lion ( = mane), juba ; comæ cervicum (Gellius, 5, 14, of those of a lion) :to have no hair, pilo carere ; calvere (to be bald, e. g., naturally, naturaliter) :from which the hair has been plucked (e. g., a part of the body), depilatus :hair is falling off, pili cadunt or defluunt :hair is growing, pili crescunt ; is gradually growing again, pili subnascuntur :to cut off the hair, pilos recidere, tondere :to pull anybody’s hair out, alicui pilos evellere :one who has had all his hair pulled out, glaber (vid. Seneca, Ep., 47, 5) :thinner or finer than a hair, * pilo tenuior ; tenuissimus. PROV.Not to injure a hair of anybody’s head, ne minime quidem lædere aliquem :to be within a hair’s breadth of anything, nihil (or nec quicquam) propius est factum, quam ut etc. :he was within a hair’s breadth of being slain, propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur (Cicero).Not to depart a hair’s breadth from anything, ab aliqua re traversum (or transversum) unguem non discedere (Cicero) ; ab aliqua re(transversum) digirum non abscedere (Cicero) :not by a single hair’s breadth, ne pilo quidem uno (e. g., minus se amare, Cicero) :to a hair = exactly, vid. :there is not a hair’s difference between them, nihil omnino or ne minimum quidem interest (e. g., inter eos) ; nihil differt ; plane idem est (it is identical). || Hair (collectively = growth or head of hair), crines (vid. above, “crinis” for SYN.) :capillus (from “capitis” and “hillus ;” i. e., a tuft of hair ; hence, collectively = head of hair [instead of which sometimes the plural, capilli, is used], especially if opposed to ” hair of the beard ;” thus often (The words are found in this connection and order.) capillus barbaque, barba capillusque) :coma (related to or derived from κόμη, the hair hanging down from the head, especially of women and savages ; vid. Plinius, 11, 32, 47, “gentes intonsæ, ” in that passage : he that wears his hair in that fashion, comatus) :cæsaries (the bushy hair of men, either short or long, which surrounds the head, without being artificially arranged, and gives to the person an imposing and martial look ; hence mostly of the hairof a warrior ; vid. Plautus, Mil
Glor., 3, 1, 170 ; Livius, 28, 35, 6 : he that has such a head of hair, cæsariatus) :villus, villi (shaggy, thick hair ; vid. above).Long hair, capillus longus or promissus ; cæsaries promissa :to have long hair, esse comatum (κομᾶν) : κυρικιμασαηικοthick strong hair, capillus densus :he who has strong hair, capillosus ; bene capillatus :thin hair, capillus rarus :bristly hair, capillus hirtus or horrens :straight hair, capillus rectus or directus :curly hair, capillus crispus :he who has curly hair, cirratus :woolly hair, capillus lanæ propior (after Plinius, 8, 48, 73) :loose or dishevelled hair, capillus passus :crines passi (especially of persons in mourning, or of supplicants) : capillus sparsus :crines sparsi (of raging persons, savages, or a diviner in ecstasy) : capillus effusus (hair that is undone, hanging down on the shoulders, not done or tied up; opposed to capillus nodo vinctus ; vid. Seneca, Ep., 124, 22) :the gray hair of old men, cani (canities is poetical) :he who has gray hair, canus :to have gray hair, canere ; canum esse :to get gray hair, canescere :false hair, capillamentum, cf. “Wig :” to wear false hair, capillamento uti :to wear one’s own hair, suum capillum or suam comam gestare :I am losing my hair, calvesco :I have lost all my hair, calveo [vid. BALD].To let one’s hair grow, capillum alere ; long, capillum or cæsariem promittere or submittere :to dress the hair, comere capillos or crines (general terms) ; crines calamistro ornare ; capillum crispare ; comam calamistrare (to curl it with the irons) ; frangere comam in gradus (to arrange it in plaits) :to dress the hair in ringlets, comere caput in annulos ; in plaits and ringlets, comere caput in gradus et annulos :to wear the hair in a knot, capillos in nodum colligere ; capillum nodo vincire ; crines in nodum cogere or torquere ; crinem obliquare nodoque substringere :to be good for the hair (of ointments, oils, etc.), capillum nutrire or alere ; capillum natura fertili evocare (to promote the growth of the hair).A dye for the hair, wash for the hair, * fucus crinalis. Cf., The Roman ladies used a sort of soap, spuma caustica (Martisalis, 14, 26), or balls named from the countries where they were made, pila Batava, Mattiaca, etc. (Martisalis, 8, 33 ; 14, 27) :the root of a hair, radix pili :roots of the hair, radices pilorum. To drag ahy by his hair, aliquem capillis trahere :like hair, specie crinium, etc., in speciem crinium (e. g., factus) modo comarum (crinium, etc., Plinius, 2, 25, 22) :a tuft of hair, cirrus :as fine as a hair, tenuissimus (i. e., very thin). Cf., The Roman modes of dressing the hair were comptus (general term) ; comæ suggestus (Statius, Silv., 1, 2, 114) ; nodus (if fixed with a pin) ; corymbium (plaited in a spiral form, and fastened with a pin on one of the temples, κόρυμβος, κρωβύλος) ; testudo (in the shape of a guitar or shell, Ovidius, A. A., 3, 147) ; tutulus (a tie formed of the plaited hair itself, which was crossed over the forehead and fixed together ; after Böttiger’s Sabina, 1, p. 131 and 151).
HAIRBELL, Vid.
HAREBELL. HAIR’S BREADTH, transversus unguis or digitus (e. g., ab aliqua re ne transversum quidem unguem, or digitum, discedere).To be within a hair’s-breadth of anything ; vid. in HAIR (Prov.).
HAIR-BROOM, * scopæ e setis factæ, also, perhaps, seta only. HAIR-CLOTH, cilicium (κιλίκιον, i. e., a cloth of goat’s hair) :pannus e pilis factus or textus. HAIR-DRESSER, capitum etoapillorum concinnator (Columella, 1, præf. 5) :tonsor (barber, who dressed the hair of men) :ornatrix (a female slave, whose office was to dress the hair). Cf., A wealthy Roman lady would keep a separate “ornatrix” for each peculiar fashion of head-dress ; vid. Böttiger’s Sabina, p. 151 : Cf.,ciniflo or cinerarius was the slave who heated the curling- irons, calamistra, at his mistress’s door ; vid.
Heindorf, Hor., Sat., 1, 2, 98, p. 49. HAIRLESS, (α) From old age or by nature, calvus (opposed to capillatus, comatus) ; sine pilo or sine pilis :pilo carens (from nature) ; pilis defectus (from old age, Phædrus, 5, 7, 2) ; calvatus (from the hair falling off) ; imberbis (without beard) :to be hairless, pilo carere (from nature) ; calvere (also from age) ; from nature, naturaliter :a hairless spot on the head, calvitium (bald spot, not calvities = baldness) :to become hairless, calvescere :(β) By artificial means, depilatus (general term, especially of parts of the body) ; rasus :tonsus (by means of scissors or razors; opposed to intonsus ; vid. To SHAVE) :glaber (properly, hairless from nature, without hair, like the belly of some animals, opposed to pilosus ; then also by shaving or pulling out the hair ; also as epithet of favorite slaves of Roman debauchees, who endeavored to give the latter a girl-like look by it ; vid. Seneca, Ep., 47, 5).
HAIR-OINTMENT, capillare (general term Martisalis) :adipes contra capilli defluvium tenaces (to prevent the falling off of the hair, Plinius) : Cf., psilothrum (φίλωθρον) was for the purpose of removing the hair. HAIR-PIN, * acus crinalis (in our sense) :acus discriminalis (the great pin for fastening the hair up in a knot ; vid. Böttiger’s Sabina, 1, p. 147).
HAIR-POWDER, * pulvis crinalis. HAIR-ROPE, * pili in funem contorti. HAIR-SIEVE, cribrum e setis equorum factum (after Plinius, 18, 11, 28).
HAIR-SPLITTING, s., minuta subtilitas (minute exactness, as a property) :argutiæ : disserendi spinæ, or spinæ partiendi et definiendi (thorny distinctions, etc.) :dumeta (opposed to liber campus, free, flowing discussion) :verborum angustiæ et omnes literarum anguli (Cicero, petty verbal distinctions ; arguments founded on words, not things) :verborum aucupium or captatio (the seizing of an opponent’s words, etc.).
HAIRY, pilo or pilis vestitus :crinitus :capillatus : comatus (covered with hair; opposed to calvus : Cf., crinitus mostly of objects covered with anything resembling hair ; e. g., stella crinita, etc.) :intonsus (unshorn ; of him whose hair is not cut ; hence = capillatus) :pilosus :setosus : capillosus :comosus (overgrown with hair; opposed to raripilus ; cf. SYN. in HAIR).A man that is hairy all over, hirtus :to be hairy, pilos habere :naturally hairy, pilo or pilis integi, or vestiri (e. g., of animals, etc.; opposed to pilo carere). || Of the nature of hair, capillaceus :rather hairy than woolly, pilo propior quam lanæ (Plinius, 8, 48, 73).
HALBERD, bipennis. HALBERDIER, perhaps hastatus (a lancer ; instead of which, Cicero, in one instance [Brut., 86, 296], uses doryphorus [δορυφόρος], as technical term for the celebrated statue of Polycletus) :sarissaphorus (a Macedonian lance-bearer ; vid. LANCE).
HALCYON, s., alcedo (poetical alcyon) :* alcedo ispida (Linnæus).
HALCYON, adjective, || Peaceful, quiet, vid. HALE, adjective, integer : valens :validus : firmus :robustus.
(The words are found in this connection and order.) robustus et valens :firmus et valens [SYN. in HEALTHY].A hale old age, ætas viridis :viridis senectus († Vergilius).
HALE,
HAUL, v., trahere (general term). [Vid. To DRAG.] To haul down the sails, vela subducere :to haul anything up with ropes, funibus aliquid subducere (Cæsar).
HALF, s., dimidium :dimidia pars :semissis (six parts of a whole divided into twelve equal parts ; e. g., of a foot, an acre, etc.).An heir that comes in for half the property, heres ex dimidia parte :by one half [vid.
HALF, adj.]. Cf., “Half” is also expressed in Latin by dimidiatus, a, um ; e. g., to read half a book = half through, dimidiatum librum legere (vid
Gellius, 3, 14) :the (or one) half of a quart measure, hemina :this is the one half, hoc est semis :”Half” is besides, rendered in Latin by semi, or the Greek hemi, joined to substantives and adjectives, if it conveys the sense of “not entirely or wholly existing,” or “not quite what it ought to be;” in which latter case, “sub ” (= to some degree) is used in certain cases instead of “semi;” e. g., to limit the time of defence to half an hour, spatium defensionis in semihoræ curriculum cogere (Cicero, pr. Rab. Perd., 2, 6) :to accomplish anything within the space of half an hour, dimidio horæ conficere aliquid (Lucilius, Gell. 3, 14) :half a month, semestrium :half a year, spatium semestre ; menses sex (six months) :lasting half a year, semestris :half a quart, hemina :half way, medio itinere :half a finger’s breadth, digtum dimidiatum (accusative) :of half a finger’s breadth, semidigitalis :half a foot, semipes :half a foot broad, long, etc., semipedalis :half an ell long, semicubitalis :only half the size, dimidio minus :half as dear again, dimidio carius :to be half as dear again, dimidio pluris constare :boiled down to a half, ad dimidias decoctus :half a pound, semilibra ; weighing, etc., or half a pound’s weiqht, semilibram pondo (sc. valens, after Livius, 3, 29). Vid.
HALF, adjective. HALF, adjective, dimidius : dimidiatus (divided into two ; halved).
Half as big only, dimidio minus :half as dear again, dimidio carius :to be, etc., dimidio pluris constare :half covered, semitectus :half dressed, semiamictus :half equipped or armed, semiermis :half a German, semi-Germanus :half dressed or done (of meat), semicoctus :half dead, semimortuus ; seminex or seminecis ( = half slain in battle) ; semianimus or semianimis (with one’s breath half gone) :semivivus (but half alive) :half dead with hunger, enectus fame :half done, semifactus semiperfectus ; semiperactus (half accomplished, Paulin. Noel. Carm., 20, 299, or 305) :half open, semiapertus :half shut, semiclausus :half shorn or shaved, semirasus :half washed, semilotus :half eaten, semesus :half cooked, semicoctus :half roasted, semiassus :in a half whisper, voce tenui et admodum deminuta (cf. Appuleius, Met., 3, p. 135, ed. Elm.) :in half mourning, semiatratus ; semipullatus :half seas over, dilutior (e. g., redis, Terentianus) :half Greek, semi-Græcus ; semi-Græce (adv.) :half-yearly, semestris (i. e., lasting half a year) ; * quot semestribus factus (similar to “quot annis, quot calendis,” etc.) :half alive, semivivus :half empty, seminanis :half naked, seminudus ; semiamictus (only half clad) :half ripe, semimaturus :half raw, semicrudus ; subcrudus :half asleep, semisomnus :in a half sleep, semisomno sopore :half drunk, semigravis :half burnt, semiustus :semiustulatus (singed) ; semicrematus (half consumed by flames) :half mad, vesanus :half awake, semisomnus :half withered, semivietus :half wild or savage, semifer (of animals and men) :half learned, semidoctus :half torn, semilaceratus (after semilacer, which is poetical ; vid. Ovidius, Met., 7, 344) :half angry, semi-iratus. In half relief, * ex parte eminens : cælatus (in bass-relief).To sail with a half wind, pedem facere (Vergilius), or pedes proferre (Plinius) ; ventum obliquum captare (Eumen., Paneg. Const., 14) ; obliquare sinus velorum in ventum (Vergilius).
HALF BOOT, * calceamentum, quod pedes suris tenus tegit : Cf., not caltga. HALF BROTHER, frater germanus (general term, a brother really, by blood ; it may be used of one who has only the same father, but could not distinguish a half brother from a full brother) :frater eodem patre natus (of one father, after Nepos, Cim., 1, 2) :frater eadem matre natus :frater uterinus (of one mother ; the first after Nepos, Cim., 1, 2 ; the second, Code Justinian, 5, 61, 21).
Half, brothers, fratres nati altero tantum parente, or non iisdem parentibus (general terms) ; ex eodem patre tantum nati ; eodem patre nati ; qui eundem patrem habent (by the father’s side) ; eadem matre nati, uterini (by the mother’s side ; the last, Code Justinian, 5, 61, 21).
HALF DEAD,Vid. in HALF. HALF HOLIDAY, perhaps * pomeridiana cessatio (cf. pueri delicati nihil cessatione melius existimant, Cicero).To give a half holiday, * pueris cessationem pomeridianam largiri or indulgere.
Half holidays, dies intercisi (in Roman sense = “per quos mane et vesperi est nefas ; medio tempore, inter hostiam cæsam et exta porrecta, fas,” Varro). HALF-LEARNED, semidoctus :mediocriter doctus :semipaganus (Persius, Prolog., 6 = half a poet). Cf., In the time of Suetonius, some persons were in the habit of applying the term of “literator” to one superficially initiated in arts or sciences, in contradistinction to ” literatus ; ” vid. De Illustr
Gr., 4. Nothing more contemptible than your half-learned men, who fancy they know everything, nihil pejus est iis, qui paullum aliquid ultra primas literas progressi falsam sibi scientiæ persuasionem induerunt. HALF MOON, luna dimidia (properly, the moon when not quite full, or when no longer full) :luna dimidiata (properly, the moon halved, of which only the half is visible, etc.) :luna (any object that has the shape of a crescent ; e. g., the Turkish crescent) :in the shape of a half moon, lunatus.
HALF PIKE, perhaps veru or verutum, properly, “spit;” the short spear of the Roman light infantry, shaft 3½ feet long. HALF SEAS OVER, dilutior (e. g., redis, Terentianus) :paullo hilarior et dilutior (Auson.) :semigravis (Livius).
HALF SISTER, soror eodem patre nata (of the same father) :soror eadem matre nata :soror uterina (of one mother).
Half sisters, sorores natæ altero tantum parente, etc. ; and so through the phrases for HALF BROTHER, replacing fratres (nati) by sorores (natæ), where necessary.
HALF SPHERE, hemisphærium (ἡμισφαίριον), or, pure Latin, sectæ pilæ pais. HALF-WAY,Vid.
HALF. HALF-WITTED, stupidus :* mentis or rationis haud compos. For the other compounds, vid.
HALF (adjective).
HALIBUT, rhombus : * pleuronectes hippoglossus, Linnæus. HALL, s., atrium (originally the sitting-room of a Roman house ; afterward, in wealthy houses, it was distinct from the private apartments, and used as a great reception room, where the patron received his clients, and the great the morning visits of their friends and dependents ; it was also, like our “hall, ” the name of certain large public buildings, from the similarity of their construction to that of the atrium of a house. Cf., The vestibulum was an open space or court before the door, surrounded on three sides by the house : exedra, ἐξέδρα, was a room for the reception of company, the two extremities of which terminated in a semicircle, with a circular bench ; it was uncovered ; vid. Vitruvius, 7, 5, 2, and 7, 9, 2).A small hall, atriolum.
HALLOO! heus! HALLOO, v., Vid. To CALL. HALLOW, || To consecrate, vid. || To reverence as holy, pie sancteque colere (a deity, God) :religiose agere or celebrare (to keep or observe with religious rites ; e. g., dies festos).
Hallowed, sacer. HALLUCINATION, alucinatio (Seneca, sic vestras alucinationes fero, ut, etc. ; but Nonius says it was used by the “veteres”) :ineptiæ (folly). [Vid. BLUNDER, ERROR.] || In medicine, * dysæsthesia (technical term).
HALM, culmus (of the grasses ; of corn, from the root to the ear ; also with the ear included) :calamus (properly, a thin slender reed ; then also of corn, a straw) :stipula (the remainder of the halm when the corn is cut, the stubble).
HALO, corona or area lunæ (as attempt to translate the Greek ἅλως by Seneca, N. Qu., 1, 2, 1, and 3, who, however, seems himself to prefer the expression “corona” for it).
HALT, || Of an army, (α) TRANS. ; to halt his army, milites etc., consistere jubere (to give the command to halt) :agmen constituere (Sallustius and Livius) ; signa constituere (Livius). (β) INTRANS.; (or absolutely) subsistere :consistere (especially on a march) :sistere iter (to stop one’s march, anywhere, ad aliquem locum).
Halt! (as command), consiste (consistite!) ; mane (manete!). || To hesitate, vid. || To limp ; e. g., anything halts, claudicat or claudit aliquid (i. e., does not stand well, does not get on as it should ; also improperly, aliquid claudicat in oratione ; claudicat hic versus ; cf. “a halting sonnet,” Shaks.) ; vacillat aliquid (i. e., does not stand firm ; e. g., justice) ; (The words are found in this connection and order.) aliquid vacillat et claudicat : claudum esse (to be halting).
HALT, s., e. g., to make a halt [vid.
HALT, v.]. || The act of limping, claudicatio. HALTER, || A rope, restis :funis (a rope) :laqueus (a snare or noose made of a rope, either for catching or strangling).Take a halter and hang yourself, sume restim et suspende te :to put an end to one’s disgrace with a halter, laqueo infamiam finire. || Of a horse, capistrum :to put it on, capistrare. HALTER, v., Vid.
HALTER, s. HALVE, v., bipartire (to divide in two) :in duas partes dissecare (to cut into two parts).
Halved, bipartitus (in two parts) ; dimidiatus (cut up into two parts).
HALVES! (interj.) in commune! HAM, || The hinder part of the knee, poples (cf. poplites alternis genibus imponi, Plinius, 28, 6, 17).|| The thigh of a hog, perna (πἐρνα, the hinder part) :petaso (πετασών, the forepart ; compare Schneider, Cato, R. R., 162).A slice of ham, frustum pernæ. HAMLET, viculus (Cicero, Rep., 1, 2, and Livius, 21, 33) :parvus vicus. HAMMER, s., malleus :malleolus (a small hammer) : Cf., tudes is unusual : portisculus was an instrument in the shape of a hammer, with which the time was beaten in a galley, for the rowers to pull their oars. HAMMER, v., malleo tundere or contundere (general term) :malleolo ferire aliquid (Cæsar.) :ducere (to lengthen by beating with a hammer) :cudere (to beat fiat). || To forge, procudere (e. g., enses) [vid. FORGE].|| IMPROPR., To be always hammering at the same point, uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundere (Cicero, De Or., 2, 29, 162) :verberibus inculcare (to hammer anything into anybody). || To work in the mind, procudere (e. g., dolos, Plautus, Pseud., 2, 2, 20) :to hammer out a scheme, etc., comminisci (e. g., dolum, mendacium) :coquere :concoquere (e. g. consilia).
HAMMERER, malleator (Martisalis).
HAMMOCK, lectus suspensus (Celsus, 3, 18, p. 159. Bip.). HAMPER, corbis :fiscina. [SYN. in BASKET] Cf., sirpea or scirpea = the wicker-work of a waggon. HAMPER, v., coartare :in angustias compellere [vid. To CONFINE] : implicare (to entangle) :impedire (to hinder, ab aliqua re, or aliqua re ; not in aliqua re) :impedimento esse alicui :impedimentum afferre alicui rei faciendæ : retardare aliquem (ad aliquid faciendum ; ab aliqua re facienda ; in aliqua re) :To hamper one’s self, implicari aliqua re ; se impedire aliqua re.To be hampered by anything, implicari or se impedire aliqua re : se illaqueare aliqua re ; by some troublesome business, molestis negotiis implicari ; by a war, bello illigatum esse ; by a suit at law, lite implicari ; in causam deduct. || To clog, to catch with allurements ; vid. To ALLURE.
HAMSTER, * mus cricetus. HAMSTRING, * poplitis nervus (general term).
HAMSTRING, v., poplites succidere, or femina poplitesque succidere (Livius).
HAMSTRUNG, succisis feminibus poplitibusque. HAND, manus (as general as the English word, both properly and improperly, as “hand” = might, handwriting, etc.).(A) PHRASES, with HAND, HANDS, in nominative or accusative without preposition.The right hand, (manus) dextra :the left hand, (manus) sinistra or læva :the hollow of the hand, manus cava or concava (which anybody makes ; e. g., a beggar; opposed to manus plana ; vid. Suetonius, Oct., 91) : the flat hand, plana manus (which anybody makes) ; palma (from nature) :to tie anybody’s hands, alicui manus constringere :hands and feet, to bind anybody hand and foot, quadrupedem aliquem constringere (Terentius, Andr., 5, 2, 24) :to use one’s hands and feet, in aliqua re uti pugnis et calcibus (vid. Cicero, Tusc., 5, 27, 77) :to hold one’s hands before one’s eyes, manum ad oculos opponere :to kiss one’s hand to anybody, manum labris admovere ; dextram ad osculum referre (as a mark of respect with the ancients) :to lay one’s hand on one’s mouth, manum ad os apponere (Cœlius, ap. Cic., Ep., 8, 1, 4, in whispering a secret to anybody) :to shake hands with anybody, dextram jungere cum aliquo :to shake hands, dextram dextræ jungere ; dextras jungere :to give or offer anybody one’s hand, alicui dextram porrigere (to shake hands with, as act of saluting or in promising anything ; vid. Cicero, Deiot ., 3, 8) ; manus alicui dare (to support him in walking) ; manu aliquem allevare (to lift him up) ; dextram alicui tendere (to assist ; general term, for extending the hand to help anybody ; also, figuratively = to offer a helping hand = one’s assistance ; vid. Cicero, Phil., 10, 4, 9) ; juvare or adjuvare aliquem (figuratively, for the sake of supporting him) ; manus dare (as a mark of reconciliation) :to give one’s hand upon anything, fidem de re dextra dare or dextram fidemque dare, with infinitive (as a mark of good faith, or the fulfilment of anything ; a promise) :to shake hands upon it (in bargaining, etc.), dextram dextræ jungentes fidem obstringere, ut, etc. (reciprocally of two persons) :to hold or stretch out one’s hand to receive an alms, cavam manum asses porrigenti præbere :to lift up one’s hands (e. g., to heaven), manus tollere (as a mark of gratitude toward the gods, or astonishment) ; manus (supplices) ad cœlum tendere (as supplicant ; vid.
Herzog, Sall., Cat., 31, 3, where it is proved that the phrase was in common use) :to stretch out one’s hands to anybody, tendere manus (supplices) ad aliquem , or alicui simply (as supplicant, vobis supplex tendit manus patria communis) :to attempt to lay hands on anything, manus tendere ad aliquid, or porrigere in, or ad aliquid (e. g., in alienas possessiones, ad pecora) ; on another’s property, manus afferre or adhibere alienis bonis ; manus porrigere in alienas possessiones (opposed to manus abstinere alieno, ab alieno abstinere cupiditatem aut manus).To guide anybody’s hand (in writing), scribentis manum manu superimposita regere (Quintilianus, 1, 1, 27) :to hold anybody’s hand (to prevent him from writing), scribenti manum injicere (vid. Velleius, 2, 41, 1) :to lay or place one’s hand before or on anything, manum apponere or apponere ad (e. g., apponere ad os; opposed to ad oculos) :to lay hand to anything, manus admovere alicui rei (e. g., Suetonius, Vesp., 8, ruderibus purgandis primus manum admovit) ; aggredi aliquid or ad aliquid faciendum :to put the last or finishing hand to anything, extremam or summam manum imponere alicui rei or in aliqua re (Vergilius, Æn., 7, 573 ; Seneca, Ep., 12, 4 ; Quintilianus, 1, proœm., 4) ; manus extrema accedit operi (Cicero) :to lay hands on anybody, alicui manus afferre, admovere, injicere ; alicui vim afferre ; alicui vim et manus injicere :to threaten to lay hands on anybody, manus alicui intentare or in aliquem :to lay violent hands on one’s self, manus sibi afferre [vid. “to commit SUICIDE”].To have one’s hands free in anything, liberius mihi est de aliqua re (Cœlius, ap. Cic., Fam., 8, 6, 1) ; mihi integrum est ; to do this…or that, aut…aut (Cicero, Att., 4, 2, 6) :to leave one’s hands free, omnia sibi relinquere reliqua.The work requires many hands, opus manus multas poscit :works in which many hands are concerned, opera in quibus plurium conatus conspirat :the clenched hand [vid. FIST] :to clap the hands, [vid. To CLAP] :to lend a hand [vid. To HELP] : from a sure hand (e. g., to have or know anything), certo or haud incerto auctore :to put one’s hand to a writing, nomen suum notare alicui rei (general term, to sign one’s name ; e. g., epistolæ, Flor., 2, 12, 10), or nomen subscribere, also subscribere only ; nomen subnotare ; chirographum exhibere (vid
Gellius, 14, 2) :to have a hand in anything :interesse alicui rei (by personal presence) ; attingere aliquid (of a business) :to have no hand in anything, alicujus rei expertem esse ; partem alicujus rei non habere ; non contulisse ad aliquid (not to have contributed to anything) :hand to hand, cominus (e. g. pugnare) :anybody is anybody’s right-hand man, aliquis alicujus est dextella (Cicero, playfully) :to try one’s hand at anything, tento or experior, quid possim :to get the upper hand, superiorem esse :to be hand and glove with anybody, familiaritate arta, maxima or intima cum aliquo conjunctum esse ; in alicujus intimam amicitiam pervenisse ; vivere cum aliquo ; in familiaritate alicujus versari :a steady hand (of a surgeon), manus strenua, stabilis (Celsus, not firma).Folded hands, digiti pectinatim inter se implexi. (B) PHRASES with HAND, HANDS, governed by a PREPOS.To escape from anybody’s hands, alicujus manus effugere (not to allow one’s self to be caught) ; elabi de or e alicujus manibus (to escape, after being caught) :to lead anybody by the hand, aliquem manu tendens perduco aliquo (e. g., into the Senate, in senatum) :to carry in one’s hand, manu gerere :to hold in one’s hand, (in) manu tenere :to have in one’s hands, in manibus habere (also figuratively ; e. g., the victory, victoriam) ; in manibus gestare (properly, to carry in one’s hand) :to carry anybody in one’s hands, in manibus gestare aliquem (properly) ; aliquem habere in manibus (also figuratively, as Cicero, ad Div., 1, 9, 10).To sit with one’s hands folded (Prov.), compressis, quod aiunt, manibus sedere :a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, multum differt in arcane positum sit argentum, an in tabulis debeatur (Cicero) :to take anybody by the hand, prensare aliquem (as a suppliant).To eat out of anybody’s hand (of animals), e alicujus manu vesci, Jess Thom. to let an animal eat out of one’s hand, de manu alicui præbere cibum et aquam :to put out of one’s hands, de manibus ponere or deponere :to fall, drop, or slip out of or from one’s hands, excidere e manibus ; delabide manibus : Cf., elabi de or e manibus is incorrect in this sense.To let anything fall out of one’s hands, emittere e or de manibus, or manibus only ; dimittere de or e manibus :not to let anything go out of one’s hands, aliquid non dimittere e manibus ; from one hand to the other, de manu in manum ; e manibus in manus ; per manus ( from hand to hand) :to be at hand, sub manibus esse (to be near ; of persons ; vid. Planc., Cicero, Ep. 10, 23, 2) ; ad manum or præ manibus esse (of things ; Gellius, 19, 8, si Cæsaris liber præ manibus est) ; ad manum or præ manu esse (to be in store ; e. g., of money ; vid. Ruhnken, Ter., Ad., 5, 9, 23) :to have at hand, ad manum habere (e. g.,
servum) ; præ manu habere (of things ; e. g., of money ; Ulpianus, Dig., 13, 7, 27) :to be always in hand, multum in manibus esse (e. g., of a newspaper, book) ; by a third hand, per alium :to carry away in one’s hands, inter manus proferre ( e. g., earth for a mound, aggerem) :with something in one’s hand, aliquid manu gerens (i. e., carrying in one’s hand, e. g., a stick, baculum), or cum aliqua re only (with anything, i. e., provided or furnished with it, if it is obvious that anybody carries the thing he is said to have in his hand ; e. g., to stand by with a stick in one’s hand, cum baculo astare :I saw a silver Cupid with a lamp in his hand, vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade).
Hand in hand, amplexi :to go hand in hand, amplexos ire (e. g., ad templa) :the Graces hand in hand with the Nymphs, junctæ Nymphis Gratiæ (†) :to conquer anybody sword in hand, aliquem manu superare (opposed to incendio conficere ; vid. Nepos, Alcib., 10, 4) :to take in one’s hand, in manum (manus) sumere : in manum capere [vid. To TAKE, for SYN. of sumere and capere]:no one takes this book in his hand, hunc librum nemo in manus sumit :to see the victory already in anybody’s hands, jam in manibus videre victoriam :to see anything in anybody’s hands, aliquid in alicujus manu conspicere (e. g., librum in manu amici) :lo get anything into one’s hand, aliquid in manum accipere (e. g., puerum) :to get or fall into anybody’s hands, in alicujus manum venire, pervenire (properly and improperly) ; in alicujus manus incidere (figuratively, if unexpectedly) :to fall into the wrong hands, in alienum incidere (e. g., of a letter ; Cicero, Att., 2, 20, 5) :to give anybody a trifle in hand (to go on with, or to defray his expenses), dare alicui aliquid paullum præ manu, unde utatur (Terentius, Ad., 5, 9, 23) :to seem to be in anybody’s hands ( = power), in alicujus manibus esse videri :the state is in the hands of the great people or the aristocracy, respublica apud optimates est :anything is in my hands, or I have anything in my hands, aliquid in mea manu, or in mea potestate est, or positum est :the decision of the matter is entirely in your own hands, hujus rei potestas omnis in vobis posita est :to feed an animal with one’s own hand, aliquem cibare manu sua (Suetonius, Tib., 72) :with hands and feet, manibus et calcibus (properly ; e. g., aliquem conscindere) :hold your fortune fast with both hands, fortunam tuam pressis manibus tene :with a liberal hand, plena manu (e. g., to distribute anything, projicere aliquid) :to die in anybody’s hands, inter manus alicujus exspirare (general term) ; inter manus sublevantis exstingui (i. e., of one who is raising his head) :in alicujus complexu emori (in anybody’s arms) :on the right, left hand, ad dextram, ad sinistram :(at) right and left (hand), dextra lævaque :from hand to hand, per manus (e. g., tradere) :the matter now in hand is, res, de qua agitur (i. e., anything is the principal point of any question ; less commonly agitur aliquid) :to die or fall by anybody’s hands, ab aliquo occisum esse, etc. :to receive anything at the hands of anybody, ab aliquo aliquid accipere, etc. :to live by one’s hands, operas (fabriles, etc.) præbendo vitam tenere ; Cf., sometimes, also, with “manus :” the tradesmen (mechanics) and the peasantry live entirely by their hands, opificum agrestiumque res fidesque in manibus sitæ sunt :I am living by my hands, opera mihi vita est (Terentianus, Phorm 2, 3, 16, which Bentley, without necessity, has changed into “in opere”) :to live by the work of one’s hands, manuum mercede inopiam tolerare :underhand, [vid. CLANDESTINELY].Off-hand, subito :ex tempore (e. g., to speak ; opposed to parate, cogitate dicere) ; inconsulte :inconsiderate or parum considerate (in an off-hand = inconsiderate, way) :sine ulla dubitatione :sine dubitatione (without hesitation) :extemplo :e vestigio (immediately, vid.).On the other hand, rursus :rursum (αὖ, αὖθις ; cf. Klotz, and Cicero, Tusc., 1, 17, 40, p. 50, sq : Cf., ex altera parte not good) :contra (when what is stated is the opposite of a preceding statement ; e. g., ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati, etc.).As on the one hand…so on the other, etc., ut…ita.On the one hand…on the other hand, et…et (as well…as) :pars…alii (the one part or parts…the others) :partim…partim ( partly…partly, but only in case of a real division). || Hand of a watch, gnomon (γνώμων, of a dial) :virgula horarum index (after Plinius, 18, 37, 67).|| Power, vid. under HAND, above. || Manner of writing, manus (hand) :litera, commonly plural, literæ (writing) :a clear hand, literulæ claræ et compositæ (very clear, clarissimæ et compositissimæ) :a neat hand, literæ lepidæ :to write a good hand, bene scribere (general term) ; lepida manu literas facere (after Plautus, Pseud., 1, 1, 28) :to write a plain hand, literate scribere :letters written with a trembling hand, vacillantes literulæ :to imitate anybody’s hand, alicujus chirographum imitari :to know anybody’s hand and seal, alicujus signum et manum cognoscere :the letter is in anybody’s hand, epistola est alicujus manu (e. g., librarii, Cicero) :I was glad to see Alexidis’s hand, since it was so much like your own, Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuæ literæ :a writing in one’s own hand, chirographum ; literæ autographæ (post-Augustan).
HAND, v., || To give with the hand, in manus dare. – porrigere (to reach ; vid., also, the SYN. in “To GIVE over, up”). || To lead by the hand, aliquem manu tenens perduco ; or ducere only. || To hand round, circumferre (to carry round) ; distribuere (to give out) ; circummittere (to send round). || To hand over [vid. To GIVE]. || To hand down ; e. g., a custom is handed down by anybody, tradita est consuetudo ab aliquo :to hand down to posterity, posteris tradere or prodere (general term) ; literis custodire (if in writings).
HAND-BARROW, ferculum. HAND-BASKET, Vid. BASKET. HAND-BELL, tintinnabulum (general term).
HAND-BILL, scheda :schedula (general term, for slip of paper) :positus propalam libellus (if posted up) :tabulæ auctionariæ (with reference to public sale) :titulus (bill posted on a house for sale).To post hand-bills, libellum proponere ; (of an auction), auctionem proponere or proscribere. HAND-BOOK, perhaps enchiridion. HAND-BOW,Vid. BOW. HAND-BREADTH, palma :as adjective, palmaris. HANDCUFF, s., minica. HANDCUFF, v., manicas alicui injicere or connectere (both Plautus) ; manus manicis restringere (Appuleius).
HANDED (e. g., right, left).To be left-handed, sinistra manu esse agiliore ac validiore (Suetonius, Tib., 68) :one that is left-handed, scævola :both right- and left-handed, manu non minus sinistra quam dextra promptus (Celsus, 7, præf. p. 409, Bip.).
HANDFUL, pugnus :pugillus (as much as the hand can hold ; e. g., a handful of salt, pugnus salis ; of corn, pugillus farris ; but manipulus = fasciculus manualis = a bundle which may be grasped round with the hand ; e. g., fœni, of hay ; lini, of flax) :a handful of people, parvus or exiguus numerus ; exigua manus (a small troop) :a handful of persons or soldiers which anybody has with him to join the undertaking, paucitas (vid. Nepos, Dat., 7, 3 ; Pelop., 2, 3).
HAND-GALLOP, by circumlocution ; e. g., to be going at a hand-gallop, * habenas paulum remisisse ; * laxioribus habenis equitare, etc. HAND-GRENADE,Vid
GRENADE. HANDICRAFT, opera (opposed to ars ; vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 42, 150 ; Livius, 1, 56). Cf., It may also, in certain cases, be turned by “manus ;” e. g., manuum mercede inopiam tolerare (to get a living by a handicraft).
HANDICRAFTSMAN,Vid. ARTIFICER, MANUFACTURER. HANDILY,Vid. DEXTEROUSLY. HANDINESS,Vid. DEXTERITY. HANDIWORK,Vid.
HANDY-WORK. HANDKERCHIEF, sudarium (properly, for wiping off perspiration, but used for all the purposes of our pocket-handkerchief; orarium and muccinium belong to the Middle Ages) :linteolum (small linen cloth, Plautus). κυρικιμασαηικοTo hold a handkerchief before one’s eyes, sudarium ante faciem obtendere :to put a handkerchief to one’s face, sudarium ad os applicare. || Neck-handkerchief, focale.
HANDLE, v., tractare (in all the meanings of the English verb ; e. g., (1) with reference to the sense of touch ; opposed to gustare, olfacere, audire :(2) to manage or wield weapons, instruments, etc., arma, tela, fila lyræ, etc. :(3) to deal with or behave to a person, aliquem injuriosius tractare, to handle him roughly :(4) to treat a subject, poposcit, ut hæc ipsa quæstio diligentius tractaretur, should be more carefully handled) :attrectare :contrectare : pertrectare (to touch) ; also with manibus : tangere, tentare, both with and without digitis :tactu explorare (to feel, for the sake of finding out). || To treat, tractare [vid. “to BAHAVE”]. To handle anybody roughly, injuriosius aliquem tractare (Cicero) ; aspere or contumeliose invehi in aliquem (of abuse) ; aspere aliquem habere or tractare ; asperum esse in aliquem ; aliquem acerbe atque dure tractare ; durum esse in aliquo :how I handled the Rhodian! quo pacto Rhodium tetigerim! (Terentius, Eun., 3, 1, 30.) HANDLE, s., manubrium (of an instrument ; e. g., of a knife, a hatchet, etc.) :capulus (of a sword, a sickle, etc.) :ansa (of a cup, or of vessels in general ; also of a door, ostii, etc.) :chelonium (broad, curved h. for drawing or turning various machines ; Vitruvius, 10, 1, 2).With a handle to it, manubriatus ; ansatus. || IMPROPR., ansa.To give a handle to anything, occasionem præbere, or ansam dare or præbere (alicujus rei or ad aliquid faciendum).
HANDMAID,Vid. MAID. HAND-MILL, mola versatilis or trusatilis (Plinius, 36, 18, 29 ; Cato, R. R., 10, 4, and 11, 4) :fistula serrata. fistula ferraria (a sort of mill
with indented wheels, similar to our coffee-mills ; Plinius, 18, 10, 23 ; Cato R.R. 10, 3).To turn a hand-mill, molam trusatilem circumagere. HAND-SAW, lupus (defined by Pallad., 1, 43, 2, by serrula manubriata).
HANDSEL, Vid. EARNEST, s. HANDSEL, v., perhaps auspicari aliquid (after Roman notions).
HANDSOME, pulcher (general term, whether of ideal or material beauty; opposed to turpis, of persons or things ; e. g., boy, town, dress, face, deed) :formosus (well-shaped, relates to the external form of a person, less commonly of things, as used by Seneca, Ep., 87, 5, domus formosa ; opposed to deformis) :speciosus (good-looking ; it denotes a higher degree of beauty than formosus; opposed to turpis) :venustus (charming, either from natural or artificial grace or beauty ; e. g., girl, face, garden) :bellus (pretty ; of persons and things ; e. g., girl, story, place, etc.) :amœnus (pleasant, cheerful ; in sober prose, of scenery only) :elegans (tasteful, elegant ; e. g., form, tone, poet, etc.) :egregius :eximius (distinguished ; e. g., deed, face) :very handsome, perpulcher ; perelegans. || Generous, considerable, vid. HANDSOMELY, pulchre :venuste :belle : eleganter : suaviter :bene : egregie :eximie :præclare. [SYN. in HANDSOME.] || Generously, liberally, vid. HANDSOMENESS,Vid. BEAUTY. HANDWRITING,Vid.
HAND = handwriting. HANDY,Vid. CLEVER, DEXTEROUS, CONVENIENT, FIT. HANDY-BLOWS,Vid. BLOW. HANDY-WORK, opera (opposed to ars ; vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 42, 150 ; Livius, 1, 56).
HANG, v., || TRANS., anything on anything, suspendere aliquid alicui rei or (de, a, ex) aliqua re :to hang down one’s head, one’s ears, demittere labra, aures or auriculas (also, figuratively, for * to be low spirited “). || IMPROPR., To hang with wreaths and roses, sertis redimire et rosa :to hang the walls of a room with pictures, tabulis cubiculi parietes vestire ; cubiculum tabellis picturarum adorare :to hang a room with tapestry, * conclavis parietes tapetibus ornare. || To execute by hanging, to hang a malefactor, affigere aliquem patibulo ; arbori infelici suspendere aliquem (by a rope, reste) :to be hanged, suspendio interimi :to hang one’s self, se suspendere ; suspendio vitam finire or amittere ; suspendio perire :to hang one’s self on a fig-tree, se suspendere de or e ficu :to drive anybody to hang himself, ad suspendium adigere, ad laqueum compellere aliquem.
Go and hang yourself ! sume restim et suspende te ! abi in malam rem ! or i tu hinc, quo dignus es ! (comedy). HANG, INTRANS.,pendere (properly and figuratively), on or from anything, a (de, ex, in) aliqua re : dependere (properly, to hang down ; both pendere and dependere denote the hanging loose from a fixed point, without a support under the thing) ; from anything, (de, ex) aliqua re :to hang from the ceiling of a room, dependere de laquearibus, de camera (e. g., a lamp, etc.) :to hang by a rope, laqueo dependere :to hang over, etc., imminere (e. g., urbi, etc. ; of a mountain, etc. : for figuratively meaning, vid. IMPEND).To hang down over the shoulders, humeros tegere (to cover them ; of the hair, etc.) :to hang upon anybody’s mouth ( = drink in his words), pendere ab ore alicujus :to hang upon anything ( = cling to it), adhærescere alicui rei or ad aliquid (vid. Latin Dict.) ; upon anybody, pendere de aliquo (Horatius †). || Prov., To hang by a thread, (tenui) filo pendere (Ennius, Ovidius).HANG BACK, gravari (to hesitate) :tergiversari (to make excuses in order to evade a request). (The words are found in this connection and order.) cunctari et tergiversari.To hang back in doubt, vid. “to be in SUSPENSE.” HANG FORWERD or OVER, propendere : prominere (to be prominent) :projectum esse (of rocks, promontories, etc.).HANG FROM, HAND DOWN, dependere. Vid.
HANG (INTRANS., above.
HANG LOOSE (of garments), discinctum esse (of the person whose garments hang loose) :laxum esse (of the garment itself).HANG ON,Vid. in HANG.
HANG OUT, TRANS., demittere ex aliqua re (a flag ; vid. FLAG). || INTRANS., e. g., his entrails were all hanging out, intestina ejus prolapsa atque evoluta sunt.
HANG OVER,Vid. To IMPEND.
HANGER, machæra (præ- and post-classical) :culter venatorius (huntsman’s knife, vid. SWORD).
HANGER-ON, assecla :canis alicujus.Anybody’s hangers-on, canes alicujus, quos circa se habet (Cicero, Verr., 2, 1, 48, his hungry dependents).
HANGING, s., || Suspension, suspendium.For ” to deserve hanging” [vid
GALLOWS]. || Hangings, tapes, etis, m. (τάπης), or Latinized, tapetum : Cf., “tapetes” of the ancients were generally shaggy, with figures worked in them, with which both the walls and the floor were covered. HANGING, adjective, pensilis :pendulus (e. g., horti pensilis) :flaccidus (e. g., aures) :dependens (hanging down).
Hanging ears, fiaccidæ prægravantesque aures. HANGMAN, carnifex : exactor supplicii : Vid. EXECUTIONER. HANK, * glomus serici. HANKER (after).Vid. To LONG for. HAP,
HAP-HAZARD, s., Vid. CHANCE, FORTUNE. HAP,Vid.
HAPPEN. HAPLESS,Vid. UNFORTUNATE. HAPLY,Vid. PERHAPS. HAPPEN, cadere :accidere (to come to pass, of that which occurs by chance ; mostly of unlucky events, but also of happy ones ; accidere sometimes with the addition of casu) :contingere (of occurrences that are wished for, and happy events) :evenire (to come forth, happen, result ; of cause and effect) :usu venire (of facts which anybody experiences. Cf., Not usu evenire ; vid
Gernhard., Cicero, Cat. Maj., 3, 7 ; Bremi, Nep., Hannib., 12, 3) :fieri (to be done).
Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
Cases or events will happen, incidunt causæ, tempora (Cf., contingunt casus not Latin).It happened that, etc., forte evenit or casu accidit, ut, etc. :to happen to mention anything, in mentionem alicujus rei incidere :as it generally happen, ut fit.