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FUNEREAL, lugubris (belonging to mourning, or serving as a sign of it) :luctuosus (full of mourning or sadness). Vid., also, MOURNFUL. FUNGOUS, fungosus :spongiosus. SYN. in SPONGE).
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FUNGUS, fungus (eatable) :fungus aridus (used as tinder ; e. g., fungus aridus scintillas excipit) :pannus (an excrescence, of the nature of a fungus, on trees) ; agaricum (on larch-trees) ; ægilops (on oak-trees).
FUNICLE,Vid. CORD, FIBRE.
FUNICULAR,Vid.
FIBROUS.
FUNNEL, infundibulum (for infusion ; also in Latin, from its shape, the reservoir through which the corn is shot in a mill = the hopper).To pour into anything through a funnel, per infundibulum immittere :a small funnel, cornu (of horn, especially for medicines : diminutive, corniculum) :in the form of a funnel, funnel-shaped, * in infundibuli formam redactus. || Funnel of a chimney, cuniculus fornacis (Plinius, 9, 38, 62).
FUNNY,Vid. LAUGHABLE, FACETIOUS.
FUR, s., pellis (the skin or fleece itself, or the manufactured article ; of wider meaning than the English word).A fur tunic, tunica pellicea (or pellicia) :a dress lined with fur, vestis pelle intus munita :made of fur, pelliceus or pellicius (later only) :a fur collar, * collare pelliceum :a fur cloak, * pallium pelliceum or ex pellibus factum (all fur) ; pallium pelle intus munitum (lined with fur) :a fur cup, galerus ex pellibus factus (after Vergilius, Æn., 7, 688) :fur boots, * perones pelle muniti (with fur) ; * perones pellicei (made of fur) :fur shoes, * calceus pelle munitus (with some fur about it) ; * calceus pelliceus (made of fur ; cf. Ovidius, A. A., 1, 5, 16 ; pes in pelle natat) :a fur jacket, * thorax pelliceus :fur glove, * digitabulum pelliceum :a glove lined with fur, * digitabulum pelle intus munitum :a fur cover or coverlet, stragulum pelliceum (Paullus, Dig., 34, 2, 24) :with a fur cover to it or on it, pellitus :a dealer in fur, * pellium mercator :the fur trade, * pellium mercatura. || Coat of morbid matter on the tongue, pituita oris (Plinius), or by lingua humore defecta (dry tongue ; after Ovidius, Met., 9, 567, though this says too little).
FUR, v., || To line or cover with fur, aliquid pelle intus munire (to line with fur) :* aliquid pelle circumdare (to edge with fur) :vesti pellem or vestem pelle prætexere (to face it with fur). || To coat (the tongue) with fur, perhaps * linguam pituita obducere or opplere ; or * linguam eo, quod ex gravi halitu subsedit, integere, opplere, or obducere.A furred tongue, salivæ plenum os (general term) :* lingua pituita intecta, or obducta, or * lingua eo, quod ex gravi halitu subsedit, oppleta, etc. ; or perhaps * lingua plena (a loaded tongue, after os amarum habere, dentes p1enos, Plautus, Curc., 2, 3, 39).
FURBELOW,Vid.
FLOUNCE.
FURBISH, nitidum reddere :nitidare :detersum aliquid nitidare atque rubigine liberare (to rub it bright ; e. g., ferramentum aliquid, Columella, 12, 3) :detergere (to wipe or rub clean or bright).
FURIOUS, furens : rabidus (in a fit of passion or rage) :furiosus (full of rage) :furibundus (acting like a madman) :sævus (savage ; he whose anger makes him lose all control over himself) :violentus (violent, impetuous, e. g., attack ; ingenium, character) :vehemens (vehement ; e. g., wind, ventus ; clamor, clamor). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vehemens et violentus : atrox (making a terrific impression, of things ; e. g., deeds). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sævus et atrox : torvus ; trux (of the looks of one who is in a passion ; then of the individual himself) :ferox (wild, untamed, uncontrolled).A furious look, oculi truces :to cast furious looks on, etc.; circumferre truces minaciter oculos ad, etc.: anybody looks furious, * ex alicujus ore sævitia eminet :a furious onset of cavalry, procella equestris (vid. Livius, 29, 2) :furious attacks, impetus crudeles et furibundi (e. g., latronis, Cicero) :a furious passion, ira et rabies alicujus :to make anybody furious, alicui furorem objicere ; animum alicujus exasperare (Cf., furiare is poetical). To become or grow furious, furore efferri, efferari ; incendi or inflammari ; ira exardescere :to be furious, furere ; sævire :to be furious beyond alt conception, ultra humanarum irarum fidem sævire ; ultima crudelitate sævire.
FURIOUSLY, furiose :furenter :vehementer :violenter : acriter :atrociter. SYN. in FURIOUS.
FURIOUSNESS,Vid.
FURY.
FURL, vela contrahere (Cicero) :vela legere († Vergilius : Cf., vela subducere = to take them down).
FURLONG (the eighth part of an English mile), perhaps stadium (a length of 125 paces, or 625 feet, according to Plinius, 2, 23, 21 : al. 647 ; al. 693 English feet).
FURLOUGH, commeatus.To give (an officer or a soldier) furlough, alicui commeatum dare :to take (or ask for) furlough, commeatum sumere ; commeatum petere :to be on furlough, in commeatu esse :to dismiss on furlough, in commeatum mittere.
FURMETY,
FRUMENTY, puls (general term), or * puls triticea.
FURNACE, fornax (to which the adjective may be added, to denote what it is used for ; e. g., Plinius, 17, 19, 6, calcaria fornax). || IMPROPR., The furnace of affliction, (quasi) faces doloris or dolorum (Cicero).Anybody is tried in the furnace of affliction, * alicujus pectus dolorum quasi facibus admotis exploratur or purgatur, or * alicujus scelus dolorum quasi igne exuritur (after Vergilius, Æn., 6, 742).
FURNISH, || To supply (with accusative of thing), suppeditare (e. g., the money, the expense, water, corn, etc.) :præbere :præstare (to afford ; præbere panem, sumtum : to furnish a lighter diet, leviorem cibum præstare, of birds) :providere (to furnish beforehand what will be required, arma ; ligna in hiemem). || To supply with anything, aliquem aliqua re instruere (general term for providing with what is necessary) :ornare :exornare aliquem aliqua re (κοσμεῖν, διακοσμεῖν ; with what is more than barely necessary, with what serves for ornament, luxury, honor, or at all events makes the person’s outfit fully and beautifully complete). (The words are found in this connection and order.) ornare (exornare) atque instruere ; instruere et ornare : suppeditare alicui aliquid (to procure it in abundance for anybody) :prospicere alicui aliquid (to take care that anybody should be provided with anything) :subornare aliquem aliqua re (to supply anybody with anything secretly for a secret purpose) :præbere alicui aliquid (to supply from one’s own resources ; e. g., urbem ei donarat, quæ panem præberet, to furnish him with bread ; Nepos) :armare aliquem aliqua re (to provide anybody with what is necessary for attack or defence ; e. g., accusatorem omnibus rebus).To furnish anybody with money, aliquem pecunia ornare, instruere ; pecuniam alicui suppeditare ; pecunia aliquem subornare (clandestinely) :to furnish with provisions (e. g., the army), exercitui commeatum prospicere ; exercitui frumentum or rem frumentariam providere :to be furnished with anything, aliqua re instructum esse ; aliquid habere :to be abundantly furnished with anything, aliqua re abundare ; aliquid mihi abundantissime suppetit. [Vid.
FURNISHED.]Our men had furnished themselves with one thing that was of great use, una res erat magno usui præparata a nostris.To furnish one’s self with anything, aliquid sibi comparare (general term for procuring it) ; providere aliquid or alicui rei (with reference to a future need of it ; arma, ligna in hiemem) ; se armare aliqua re (with a means of attack or defence ; e. g., with a stock of impudence, impudentia).|| To fit up, instruere (vid. Cicero, Verr., 4, 5, 9 ; Livius, 42, 19) :to furnish handsomely, exornare et instruere (Cicero, Verr., 2, 34, 84). Vid.
FURNISHED.
FURNISHED, || Generally, instructus aliqua re :ornatus or exornatus aliqua re :armatus aliqua re (e. g., gladio, muris) :præditus aliqua re (endowed with by nature, or furnished with by the favor of fortune).
Furnished with everything necessary, omnibus rebus instructus, also instructus only.To be abundantly furnished with anything, aliqua re instructissimum or apparatissimum esse ; aliqua re abundare (to have abundance of it) ; aliquid mihi largissime suppetit. || Of a house ; a furnished house, ædes instructæ :a house completely and splendidly furnished, domus omnibus instructa rebus atque apparata (instructior, etc., Cicero) ; domus exornata atque instructa (Cicero, 2, Verr., 34, 84) ; domus omnibus rebus ornata atque referta ; also, domus referta only (cf. Cicero, Muren., 9, 20).
FURNITURE, supellex. Cf., It is likewise comprised, in Latin, in the general denomination or term of “cultus, ” i. e., whatever contributes to the comfort of life) :res, quæ moveri possunt or res moventes (general term for movables; opposed to immovable or landed property).
FURRED,
FURRY, pelliceus or pellicius. Vid.
FUR.
FURRIER, * pellium mercator.
FURROW, s., || In the soil, sulcus (general term) :striga (a furrow drawn from south to north) :scamnum (from east to west ; i. e., across the field ; vid., Script., rei agr., p. 38, and 198, Goes.) :a field divided by furrows, porculetum (Plinius, 17, 22, 35, No. 9, § 171) :to make or draw a furrow, sulcum facere, agere, ducere ; sulcare ; plural, sulcos, etc., facere (as the act of men) ; sulcum imprimere (as the effect of the plough : Cf., porca signifies the soil
itself that is thrown up between two furrows ; if these furrows were at greater distances from one another than usual, the name of such a one was lira ; cf. Voss, Vergilius, Georg., 1, 47) :divided by such furrows, imporcatus :ploughed with the furrows lengthwise, strigatus (opposed to scamnatus, having them across from west to east.Terms of the Agrimensores).|| Wrinkle, ruga. Vid. WRINKLE.
FURROW, v., [Vid. FURROW, subst.] || With reference to the face ; e. g., your brow is becoming furrowed, vultus tuus colligit rugas et trahit [al. attrahit] frontem, Seneca, Benef., 6, 7, 1) :a brow somewhat furrowed, frons attractior (Seneca, Benef., 4, 31, 3).
FURTHER, adverb, (A) longius :porro :protinus (further on, forward ; e. g., to advance, drive a flock, etc.) :ultra (beyond that to which we have already advanced ; ultra procedere; opposed to retro regredi ; and especially of advancing beyond a certain point further in discussions, investigations, etc.: Cf., ulterius, in this sense, poetical and post-Augustan, prose) :further below, infra :a little further below, paullo inferius.To advance further, longius progredi, procedere (properly) ; pergere, ad reliqua pergere (in speeches, etc.) :my information goes no further, ulteriora non audio :to extend further (of an evil), latius disseminatum esse :to drive one’s cattle further, armentum porro agere :to advance further, longius provehere (transitively) ; longius provehi (intransitively) :not to be able to advance any further, hærere :to delay (anything) further, longius, or ultra differre, or producere [SYN. between differre and producere in DELAY] :to advance further, procedere or progredi in aliqua re :to seek further for the causes, causas longius or altius repetere :nothing further, nihil amplius :to desire nothing further, nil ultra requirere :can cruelty be carried further? estne aliquid ultra, quo progredi crudelitas possit? (Cicero) :I say nothing further, nihil dico amplius :I shall say nothing further on this subject, hac de re non plura scribam or dicam :and what further ? quid porro ? Cf., Ultra, from its comparative sense, is sometimes followed by quam :to advance further than is granted to man, ultra quam homini datum est progredi (Quintilianus) ; so, aliquid ultra quam satis est repetere (Cicero).|| (B) Further (as used in carrying on a discourse, to introduce an additional consideration, etc.), præterea :ad hoc (moreover ; besides) :jam (now again ; likewise, moreover ; porro being sometimes added ; e. g., jam id porro, utrum libentes an inviti dabant? Cicero , cf. Pr. Intr., ii, 861) :autem (as particle of transition = δέ ; cf. Cicero, Ecl., p. 66) :que appended (cf. Cicero, Ecl., p. 68) :accedit (huc) : accedit, quod : addendum eodem est, quod : adjice, quod (in adding an additional circumstance, etc., in narratives) :porro (vid. jam, above ; “proprie non est ex altera parte, sed continuat narrationem, ita, ut etiam ad contraria transeat.” Kritz ad Jug., 25, 7, where, however, cf.
Fabri, and Pr. Intr., ii., p. 211, note 10).
FURTHER, adjective, ulterior (opposed to citerior ; e. g., ripa) :longior :remotior (further off) :disjunctior (further separated from the rest).To grant a further delay, diem laxius proferre (with reference to payments, trials, etc.).
FURTHER,Vid. To FORWARD.
FURTHERANCE,Vid. PROMOTION.
FURTHERER,Vid. PROMOTER.
FURTHERMORE,Vid.
FURTHER (B)
FURTHEST, FURTHERMOST, extremus :extimus : ultimus (the last).
FURTIVE, furtivus :clandestinus (clandestine, without the knowledge of others).To exchange furtive glances, furtim inter se aspicere (Cicero).
FURTIVELY,Vid. STEALTHILY.
FURUNCLE, furunculus (Celsus and Plinius).
FURY, rabies (violence, madness, whenever the passions rise to such a height as to deprive the individual of all consciousness or self-command) :furor (rage ; the state of the highest degree of excitement) :sævitia (savage rage, depriving the individual of all self-control ; of men and beasts) :ira :iracundia (violent anger, rage) :sæva vis alicujus rei (fearful power of anything ; e. g., morbi). [Vid. RAGE.] To put anybody in a fury, [vid. RAGE] :to be in a fury [vid. “to become FURIOUS”]. || Plural (Mythology) Furies, furiæ : (Cf., the name of ” Eumenides, ” ” Erinnyes,” the poets borrowed from the Greek) :the furies of a person (i. e., his avenging goddesses), furiæ alicujus :to be haunted by them, furiis agitari, vexari :the furies do not leave anybody at rest anywhere, furiæ nusquam consistere aliquem patiuntur :invoke the furies, that they may avenge your brother’s crime, furias fraternas concita. Cf., Furia (as deity).
FURZE, * genista tinctorum (Linnæus).
FUSE, v., || TRANS., liquefacere :liquare :conflare (to melt, e. g., victorias aureas, i. e., the gold statues of the goddess of victory) :excoquere (general term, imagines flammis, Plinius ; especially for the purpose of purifying or refining) :fundere (to form or shape by fusing ; from or out of, ex, etc.) :fused, fusus. || INTRANS., liquefieri :liquescere : liquari :resolvi. SYN. above.
FUSEE, || Fusil, sclopetum.To fire off a fusee [vid. To FIRE]. || Channel by which fire is communicated to the powder in a bomb, granade, etc., * pyroboli igniarium. || Of a watch ; perhaps * fusus (properly ; spindle for spinning).
FUSIBLE, quod fundi or liquari potest.
FUSILIER, miles armaturæ levis.
FUSION (of metals), coctura :conflatura (a melting) :fusura (the melting, casting ; e. g., plumbi, Plinius, 33, 6, 35) :fluxio (the state when the body is in fusion) :to be brought into a state of fusion, liquefieri ; colliquefieri :to bring into fusion, liquare.
FUSS, tumultus (bustle, etc.).To make a fuss, tumultuari (Cicero, Cœl. 15, 36, quid tumultuaris, soror ?) :to make much fuss about anything, satagere tamquam murem in matella (Prov., Petronius) ; jactare, venditare aliquid :aliquid mirifice extollere or miris laudibus efferre (of praising immoderately) :what a fuss is made about anything ! quantas tragœdias aliquid excitat ! (Cicero ; if exclamations, expostulations, etc., are made) :to make a fuss about nothing, excitare fluctus in simpulo (i. e., to get up waves in a basin, Prov.,Cicero) ; clamore exorsum verbis parvam rem magnam facere (Cicero, Cœl., 15, 36) : Cf., turba = bustle, stir ; mostly comedy ; e. g., turbam aliquam dare ; turbas concire or concitare.Without any fuss, sine venditatione (Cicero, without showing off).
FUSSY, satagens (once, Seneca, Ep.).
FUST, || The shaft of a column, scapus.|| Strong smell, odor gravis : odor malus or teter : odor fœdus :fœdor. SYN. in SMELL.
FUSTIAN, || A sort of stuff, pannus linoxylinus. || Bombastic style ; vid. BOMBAST.
FUSTIAN, adjective, || Made of fustian, by the substantive. || Bombastic, vid.
FUSTINESS,Vid.
FUST.
FUSTY, mucidus :situm redolens (having a fusty, moldy smell from damp, etc. ; e. g., of meal).To be fusty, fœtorem redolere (Columella) : male olere (general term).
FUTILE,Vid.
FRIVOLOUS.
FUTILITY,Vid.
FRIVOLOUSNESS.
FUTURE, futurus (that will be, or is about to be) :posterus (to follow after others ; in time) :veniens : consequens (coming, following). (The words are found in this connection and order.) consequens ac posterus (e. g., time, tempus).Future things, futura, orum (e. g., to know, to foresee, scire, prospicere) : Cf., Venturas is poetical only, and postero tempore adverbial :to postpone anything to a future time, aliquid in posterum differre :to keep for future use, in vetustatem reponere or servare ; conditum mandare vetustati (to keep or save for a future time, in order to possess it then ; e. g., fruit, etc.) :to reserve for a future time, in diem reservare (e. g., pœnas scelerum). Vid.
FUTURE, s.
FUTURE,FUTURITY, s., tempus futurum, or posterum, or reliquum (the future, following time) :vetustas (long duration of time ; vid. Ochsn., Cicero, Ecl., p. 76, sq.) :futura, orum :res futuræ (future things, or things to come).In future, postero tempore :for the future, in posterum ; posthac ; in posteritatem ; in reliquum tempus :to see into the future, quod futurum est scire ; animo prospicere futura ; quæ futura sunt prospicere or providere ; in posterum prospicere :not to think of the future, non consulere in longitudinem :to consider the present with the future, rebus præsentibus adjungere atque annectere futuras :to enjoy the present without troubling one’s self about the future, præsentibus frui nec in longius consultare. || THE FUTURE (tense). tempus futurum (grammatically).The future-perfect * futurum exactum (grammatical technical term).
G.
GABARDINE, perhaps lacerna : pallium ex coactis factum (of pelt ; after Cæsar, B. C., 3, 44).
GABBLE, blaterare ( to go on talking about nothing, etc. ; cf.
Gellius, 1, 15, extr.) :garrire (to chatter ; sometimes, but not always, in a contemptuous sense).
GABBLER, blatero : garrulus (one who loves to hear himself talk).
GABBLING, s., blateratus, ûs :garritus, ûs (both late ; Sidon.).
GABEL, Vid. TAX, IMPOST.
GABION, * corbis terra fartus.
GABLE, fastigium (to be carefully distinguished from culmen ; i. e., the ridge of a roof) :tympanum or fastigii tympanum (a triangular wooden gable, considered with reference to its superficies, Vitruvius 3, 3, mid.) :The front of the gable, frons :the base of the gable, stratum fastigii :the vertex of the gable, acroterium (ἀκρωτήριον) :the angle of the gable, fastigii versura :any ornament terminating a gable, aliquid
in summo fastigio (culminis) positum (e. g., columen, Vitruvius, 4, 2, 1).Gable-end, tympanum fastigii :to be raised nearly as high as the gable, pæne ad fastigium pervenisse (of a house ; after Cicero, Att., 4, 1, init.).
GAD, v., ambulare :cursare et ambulare : ambulatorem esse : ambulatricem esse (of a woman, to be a gadder out ; cf. Cato, 143).Gadding (of a plant), erraticus. “The gadding vine” (Milt.), vitis serpens muluplici lapsu et erratico (Cicero).
GADDER, ambulator :feminine, ambulatrix (both Cato, villicus ambulator ne siet ; so villica ad cœnam ne quo eat, neve ambulatrix siet) :homo vagus : homo qui circum fora vicosque vagus est (or, of a woman, quæ circum fora vicosque vaga est ; after Plautus, Mil., 2, 5, 14).
GAD-FLY, œstrus (οἶστρος) :tabanus :asilus.
GAG, v., præligare alicui os : aliquid in fauces alicujus injicere : obvolvere alicujus os aliqua re et præligare (Cicero, to wrap anything round his mouth) :aliquid (e. g., lintea) in os faucesque injicere (after Livius, 40, 24) :* os alicujus obturare (to stuff up his mouth, gutturem obturare, Plautus).
GAG, * oris or faucium obturamentum, or injectæ in fauces alicujus tapetes (or injecta…lintea, according to what is used ; after Livius, 40, 24).
GAGE, s., Vid. PLEDGE.
GAGE, v., Vid. To PLEDGE, To PAWN.
GAGGLE, strepere : gingrire :clangere (all of geese).
GAGGLING, strepitus :clangor : gingritus (all of geese) ; also, voces anserum (Tacitus, Germ., 10, 3).
GAIETY, || Cheerfulness, Vid. || Finery, splendor, etc., vid.
GAILY, || Splendidly, splendide :pulchre :nitide. || Joyfully, læte : hilare or hilariter :hilari or læto animo.
GAIN, s., lucrum : quæstus :commodum :emolumentum : compendium : fructus [SYN. in ADVANTAGE] :præda, prædæ (properly, booty ; then, general term, any gain or advantage which can be looked upon as a kind of booty ; the plural, prædæ, when several kinds of gain are spoken of ; vid. Comm. on Nepos, Chabr., 2, 3) :præmium (reward, etc., (ἆθλον). (The words are found in this connection and order.) quæstus et lucrum ; quæstus et commodum ; lucrum et emolumentum ; fructus et emolumentum ; quæstus et compendium ; quæstus prædæque.A little gain, lucellum ; aliquid lucelli (e. g., dare alicui).For the sake of gain, lucri or quæstus causa (e. g., gerere rem) ; sui quæstus et commodi causa.To make gain of, [vid. To GAIN by] :to be eager in the pursuit of gain, omnia ad lucrum revocare ; omnia quæstu metiri ; quæstui servire or deditum esse :to think anything gain, aliquid in lucro ponere ; putare esse de lucro ; deputare esse in lucro ; lucro apponere (Horatius, Od., 1, 9, 14).Ill-gotten gains, male partum or parta (e. g., male partum male disperit ; male parta male dilabuntur). Cf., For phrases (e. g., to bring ingain, to derive gain from, etc.), vid. PROFIT, s. Your gain in this is greater than your loss in that, plus hujus rei acquisisti, quam amisisti illius.
GAIN, v., lucrari, lucrificare aliquid (general term; opposed to perdere ; the former also, in playing with dice, Tacitus, Germ., 24, 3 ; Suetonius, Cal., 41 ; both, in the wider sense = to acquire, obtain) :proficere aliquid (both in a mercantile and other respects) :acquirere aliquid (to gain what one has striven for; opposed to omittere) :consequi :assequi [SYN. in ACQUIRE] : vincere aliquid, or absolutely, (to conquer, carry off the victory, get the upper hand in a contest or in play [opposed to perdere], in a lawsuit, etc.; either with accusative or ablative, or within and ablative of that in which one gains, and with an accusative of how much one gains ; vid. the examples below).To gain in or by anything, quæstum facere in aliqua re :to gain nothing, nullum facere quæstum ; nihil proficere :to gain much, multum lucri auferre ; magnum lucrum or quæstum facere :to gain immensely, maximos quæstus prædasque facere. To gain at play [vid. To WIN].You have gained more in position than you have lost in property, plus acquisisti dignitatis, quam amisisti rei familiaris :to gain anybody’s consent to do anything, alicui id persuadere, ut, etc. To gain a place, etc. ( = to reach it after great exertion), locum capere (also = potiri locum or loco ; i. e., to make one’s self master of) :aliquem in locum pervenire (to get as far as it) :in locum eniti or evadere (to ascend to a higher point, to reach it ; e. g., to gain the shore, in terram evadere ; the summit of, in verticem montis) :to gain the open plain, in campum pervenire :to gain a battle, victory [vid. “To WIN a battle”]: to gain a cause ( = lawsuit), causam (or causa) judicium (or judicio) vincere :to gain the prize, præmium auferre (ἆθλον ἑλέσθαι) :to gain anybody’s friendship, in amicitiam alicujus recipi ; in alicujus familiaritatem venire or intrare ; in alicujus amicitiam pervenire :to gain anybody s friendship by dishonorable means, in alicujus amicitiam se insinuare :to gain the hearts or affections of men, animos sibi conciliare :to endeavor, by any means, to gain people’s affections or good-will, aliqua re hominum (plebis, etc.) animos or benevolentiam allicere :to gain people’s hearts for anybody, animos (hominum, plebis, etc.) conciliare et benevolentiam erga aliquem. || To gain over (= win to one’s side, etc.), aliquem or alicujus animum conciliare (e. g., donis, pecunia, pollicitationibus) ; aliquem or alicujus animum allicere (to entice ; opposed to alienare ; also, alicujus animum ad benevolentiam) ; also, allicere atque excitare studium alicujus (or -a aliquorum ; e. g., ad utilitates nostras, to our interests, Cicero) ; aliquem ad causam suam perducere (e. g., donis) ; aliquem in suas partes ducere or trahere (general term, to draw to one’s side or party) ; aliquem ad studium sui perducere (to induce anybody to interest himself in one’s service or cause) ; alicujus gratiam consequi (to obtain anybody’s good-will or favor) :to gain over a judge, conciliare sibi judicem or judicis animum :to gain a person over to one’s opinion, aliquem in sententiam suam adducere, or (entirely) perducere :to try to gain anybody over (improperly), aliquem or alicujus animum tentare, to anything, ad aliquid (to make an attack, as it were, by way of attempt on anybody’s mind ; by money, promises, and threats, pecunia, promissis et minis) ; aliquem or alicujus animum sollicitare, to anything, ad aliquid (to endeavor to rouse or incite ; e. g., pecunia ; pretio ; spe libertatis) ; aliquem aggredi (to attack him, as it were, by anything ; e. g., variis artibus).
GAINER, by circumlocution with qui lucratur, etc.: victor (conqueror).
GAINFUL, lucrosus (general term for advantageous, etc.) :quæstuosus :quod quæstui est (of what brings mercantile profit ; e. g., mercatura) :fructuosus (fruitful ; rewarding our pains with something that is or may be considered as the produce of it ; e. g., oratio, cf. Cicero, Tusc., 5, 13, in.).
GAINFULNESS :Vid. ADVANTAGE, PROFIT.
GAINSAY,Vid. CONTRADICT.
GAINSAYER,Vid. CONTRADICTOR.
GAIT, incessus :ingressus.A quick or slow gait, incessus citus, tardus :an erect gait, incessus erectus : ingressus celsus :an effeminate gait, incessus fractus. To have a somewhat effeminate gait, molliorem esse in incessu (Ovidius, A. A., 3, 306) :to have a proud or stately gait, magnifice incedere :to have a firm and not undignified gait, habere stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum (this, also, of the march of metrical feet in verse ; e. g., of a spondee).
GAITERS, ocreæ, plural, Vid. BOOT.
GALA DAYS, dies in aula sollemnes (cf. Columella, 12, 3, 1).
GALAXY, orbis lacteus (Cicero, Somn. Scip., 3) :lacteus circulus (Plinius) :via lactea (Ovidius).
GALE, aura (any wind, not excluding strong gales ; e. g., aura rapida, stridens, violentior, in the poets) ; also, improperly, ventus (general term for wind) :flatus (mostly poetical : flatus æstiferi, Cicero, from Arat.).A stiff gale, magnus ventus. || IMPROPR., aura.The gale of popular favor, popularis aura or ventus popularis (Cicero) ; aura favoris popularis (Livius, 22, 26).κυρικιμασαηικο
GALIOT, Vid.
GALLEY.
GALIPOT, * resina pinea.
GALL, s., fel (according to Isidor., 11, 1, § 128, properly the gall-bladder, or the gall-bladder with the gall ; hence it is never used in figurative language for “anger,” but as a figure for bitterness, bitter hatred, and that only in poets ; e. g., the heart is full of gall, cor felle litum est, Plautus, True., 1, 2, 76) :bilis (the gall, so far as it is found out of the gall-bladder in the guts and stomach, and which, when too abundant, produces disease ; vid. Cicero, Tusc., 4, 10, 23 ; hence it is used, also, in figurative expressions, e. g., bilem alicui movere, commovere) :stomachus (properly, the stomach, and then, since the gall overflows into the stomach in anger and other violent emotions = the seat of sensibility and anger ; hence, figuratively = these affections ; e. g., stomachum alicui movere, commovere ; exarsit aliquis iracundia ac stomacho).Full of gall, biliosus (Cf., in later writers, fellosus).More bitter than gall, * felle amarior.
GALL-BLADDER, vesica fellis : fel. Vid.
GALL.
GALL-STONE, * cholelithus (χολή, λίθος).
GALL, v. || Chafe, excoriate, atterere (e. g., femina equitatu) :terere († colla labore, Propertius). || IMPROPR., To sting (the mind), etc., mordere (to bite ; of the actions, letters, etc., of another person) :pungere (to sting) :calefacere (to make a person warm, to gall him ; of an orator exciting anybody by his reproaches, etc., Cicero, in conversational language).Galling (of words or language), mordax († e. g., carmen, Horatius; verum (Persius)
; aculeatus (stinging) ; acerbus (bitter).A galling letter, literæ aculeatæ :galling jests, asperiores facetiæ :galling wit, acerbitas salis :galling words, verborum aculei. || To inflict loss, etc., on troops (military technical term), male habere (e. g., agmen adversariorum, Cæsar) :vexare (to distress).
GALLANT, adjective, || Polite, etc., vid. || Brave, courageous, vid.
GALLANT, s., amator (lover) :juvenis (or adolescens) delicatus (fine, smart, somewhat effeminate young man, fond of show, etc.) :homo elegans or elegantior (nice in his dress, etc.) :homo urbanus (polished, etc.) :sometimes juvenis only may do.
GALLANTRY, || Politeness, vid. || Courage, vid.
GALLEON, * navis Hispana or Hispaniensis ; or * navis Hispana maximæ formæ.
GALLEOT, * navis actuaria minoris formæ.
GALLERY, porticus (an open gallery with columns) :pinacotheca (a picture-gallery, Varro) :superior locus (general term for an elevated place ; e. g., in a theatre, ex superiore loco spectare) :cavea summa or ultima (the last row in a theatre) :clap-traps for the gallery, verba ad summam caveam spectantia.To build a picture-gallery, pinacothecam constituere.The director of picture-galleries, qui est a pinacothecis (Inscript.). || Gallery (in a church), perhaps podium (Georges ; but as this was the lowest of the terraces or galleries in an amphitheatre, it does not seem suitable ; better, perhaps, suggestus).
GALLEY, navis actuaria (general term, a coasting vessel) ; triremis publica (a trireme belonging to the state) :to condemn anybody to the galleys, aliquem dare ad remum publicæ triremis (after Suetonius, Oct.,16) :to send anybody to the galleys, affigere aliquem remo publicæ triremis (Valerius, Max., 9, 15, 3).
GALLEY-SLAVE, * servus (or, if a criminal, noxius) ad remum publicæ triremis datus (after Suetonius, Oct. 16), or * remo publicæ triremis affixus (after Val. Max.).
GALLIC, Gallicus.
GALLICISM, * sermonis Gallici proprietas.Anything is a Gallicism, * aliquid Gallici sermonis proprium est.
GALLING, s., attritus, ûs (Plinius, properly).
GALLIPOT, olla or olla fictilis (earthenware pot, general term) :ollula (little pot), or * ollula medicamentariorum, or medicamentaria : Cf., onyx, a small pot or box of the onyx-stone was often used for unguents.
GALLOMANIA, * nimium Francogallorum mores imitandi studium.
GALLON, congius is the nearest Roman liquid measure = nearly six pints ; eight congii ( = 1 amphora) = 5 pints ; Hussey, p. 205.
GALLOP, v., equo admisso, or laxatis habenis vehi, or currere (of the rider) :* laxatis habenis currere or ferri (of the horse) :citato equo advehi (to ride quickly from one place to another, absolutely, or to anybody, ad aliquem ; to any place, ad or in locum) ; adequitare (general term, to ride from one place to another, absolutely, or to anybody, ad aliquem ; or in a hostile manner, in aliquem ; to a place, alicui loco or (ad) aliquem locum) :to make one’s horse gallop, equum admittere :to gallop up to anybody, equo admisso ad aliquem accurrere (e. g., of an officer carrying information to his general) ; equum concitare contra aliquem ; equum agere in aliquem (in a hostile manner) :to gallop against the enemy, equum concitare permittereque in hostem ; equo concitato se immittere in hostem ; equo concitato ad hostem vehi ; equo calcaria subdere et acri impetu in hostem invehi.
GALLOP, s., citatus gradus :plenus gradus (vid. Commentators on Cicero, Ep., ad Fam., 12, 16, 2).At a gallop, citato or pleno gradu ; citatus :to advance at full gallop, pleno gradu ingredi :to retreat at full gallop, gradu citato recedere (opposed to sensim, etc.).At a or full gallop, equo admisso, laxatis habenis (e. g., vehi, accurrere ad aliquem) :to charge the enemy at full gallop, laxatis habenis invehi in hostem ; libero cursu invihi ; calcaribus subditis ferri in hostem ; effusis habenis invadere hostem ; effusissmiis habenis invadere hostem.
GALLOWS, * catasta ad supplicium exstructa. Cf., The ancients used to hang criminals on a tree that bore no fruit, arbor infelix ; hence to hang a person on the gallows, aliquem arbore infelici suspendere. Cf., Patibulum, which the moderns incorrectly translate gallows, was a forked piece of wood on which criminals were crucified.A gallows-bird (as a term of reproach), furcifer :crux : patibulum :career (comedy ; vid. Ruhnken, Ter., Phorm., 2, 3, 26).
GAMBLE, ludere in pecuniam (general term, to play for money ; Paullus, Dig.) :aleæ indulgere :studiosissime aleam ludere :calfacere forum aleatorium (Augustinus, ap. Suet.; i. e., to keep the gaming-table warm) :aleatorem esse.To gamble away (so much), perdere alea, or, from context, perdere only :to spend whole nights in gambling, * totas noctes conterere alea :to gamble every day and all day long, ludere per omnes dies, forumque aleatorium calefacere (Suetonius).A law against gambling, lex, quæ aleam vetat (after Horatius, Od., 3, 24, 58).
GAMBLER, aleator : aleo (Nævius, ap.
Fest., Catullus).
GAMBOL, v., ludere (to play, general term) :exsultare (to leap up, gaudio) :tripudiare (to dance about). (The words are found in this connection and order.) exsultare et tripudiare (Cicero) :lascivire (of cattle, etc., and improperly, of an orator, style, etc.) :exsultim ludere (of a mare, † Horatius) :per lusum atque lasciviam currere (Livius, of young men).
GAMBOL, s., lusus († e. g., undas lusibus exercere, Ovidius) :exsultatio :tripudium. SYN. in To GAMBOL.
GAME, ludus (as a pastime, etc. ; the proper term for the public “games,” ludi circenses, gladiatorii, scenici :to exhibit games [of this kind], ludos facere or committere ; cf. munus below) :lusus (as the state of one who is playing) :lusio (act of playing ; game considered as going on) :ludicrum (a particular kind of game) :munus (public game, which it was considered the duty of certain magistrates, especially the Ædiles, to exhibit for the gratification of the people ; especially of shows of gladiators ; the proper terms are munus dare, præbere, Cicero, edere, Suetonius).To invent a new game, novum (sibi) excogitare ludum :boys like games, even when they are laborious, pueri lusionibus etiam laboriosis delectantur. Cf., To play “a game at” fives, dice, etc., is simply pila, tesseris, etc., ludere.Games of hazard, alea, æ (general term).|| IMPROPR., To make game of anybody, aliquem or aliquid (sibi) ludibrio habere : aliquem ludere, deludere, or illudere : ludos facere aliquem (comedy, and passive, ludos fieri, to be made game of, Plautus, Pseud., 4, 7, 72, etc.). || Animals taken in the chase, or the flesh of such animals, venatio (Livius, 35, 49, 6 ; Celsus, 5, 26, 30, etc. ; Columella) :pulpamentum (dressed flesh of hares, wild boars, etc.).When we wondered, how he had procured such an abundance and variety of game at that season, quum miraremur, unde illi eo tempore anni tam multa et varia venatio (Livius).
GAME, v., Vid. To GAMBLE.
GAME-COCK, gallinaceus pyctes (Columella, 8, 2, 5).Game-cocks, galli, qui prœliantur inter se (Varro, R. R., 3, 9, 6).Cocks of the Medic breed make excellent game-cocks, galli Medici ad prœliandum inter se maxime idonei (ib.) :to train game-cocks, gallos certaminibus et pugnæ præparare (Columella, 8, 2, 5).
GAME-KEEPER, * rei ferinæ magister : * custos venationis : subsessor (lying out on the watch for game, Petronius, Sat., 40, 1) :saltuarius (forest-keeper, Jurisconsulti, for which Pliny has circumlocution, cui saltus in cura sunt).
GAMESOME,Vid. PLAYFUL.
GAMESOMENESS,Vid. PLAYFULNESS.
GAMESTER,Vid.
GAMBLER.
GAMING, alea (the game of hazard with the ancients).Vid.
GAMBLE, GAMING-TABLE.
GAMING-HOUSE, * taberna aleatoria or aleatoris.
GAMING LAWS, s., leges, quæ aleam vetant : Cf., leges ludi, or leges aleæ, would denote the rules of play, regulations among players.
GAMING-TABLE, * mensa lusoria (general term) :* tabula lusoria :forus aleatorius (dice-board, Augustinus, ap. Suet., Oct. 71).To be unlucky at the gaming-table, minus prospera alea uti :to lose so much at the gaming-table, in alea, perdere, with accusative of the sum lost :losses at the gaming-table, damna aleatoria :fondness for the gaming-table, * studium aleæ :temeritas aliquid lucrandi perdendive (Tacitus).
GAMMON, || Of bacon, perna (πέρνα, thigh of the hind-leg) :petaso (thigh of the fore-leg, πετασών).|| Backgammon, vid.
GAMMON, v., || Technical term at backgammon, perhaps * omnibus talis or tesseris vincere. || Impose upon, vid.
GAMUT, diagramma (διάγραμμα).To run through all the notes of the gamut, vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere (Cicero, De Or., 1, 59, 251).
GANDER, anser mas or masculus.
GANG, grex :caterva :globus (of conspirators, robbers, etc., conjurationis, latronum).
GANGRENE, gangræna (Celsus, and figuratively, Varro, ap. Non.) : caries (of decay in bones).A gangrene spreads, gangræna serpit.
GANGRENE, v., TRANS, and INTRANS., by circumlocution with gangræna tenet aliquid, or * per aliquid membrum permeavit (after Varro, ap. Non.) ; gangræna or morbo eo, ” quam Græci γάγγραιναν appellant” (Celsus, 5, 26, 31) affici : ulcerari.
GANGRENOUS, ulcerosus :* ulcerosus vitio eo, quam Græci γάγγραιναν appellant (after Celsus, 5, 26, 31).
GANTLET, To run the gantlet, * per (militum) ordines currentem virgis cædi ; * per militum ordines agi virgisque cædi. Cf., Not fustuarium, which implies beating to death, cf. Ulpianus, or Livius, 5, 6, § 14 ; and Velleius,
3, 78, extr.).
GANTLET,GAUNTLET, * ferreum digitabulum, or, from context, digitale or digitabulum, or manica only [SYN. in GLOVE].To throw down his gantlet, either provocare aliquem ad pugnam or certamen (general term for to challenge), or * digitabulum (or manicam) humi projicere.
GAOL, Vid. PRISON.
GAOLER,Vid. JAILER.
GAP, lacuna (a hollow ; also, figuratively loss, damage, want, e. g., in property) :hiatus (a larger opening, that may be compared to a yawning mouth) :locus vacuus (an empty place).A gap left by anybody in a science, in treating of a matter, pars ab aliquo relicta :to fill up a gap, lacunam explere (both as to space and number ; e. g., in anybody’s property, rei familiaris).
GAPE, hiare (general term for standing wide open, of what usually is or might be closed ; hence offissures in the earth, of the mouth, etc., and of gaping with astonishment ; cf. Horatius, Sat., 1, 2, 88 ; from desire of food or any possession, corvus hians, Phædrus ; emtor hians, Horatius ; avaritia hians atque imminens, Cicero) :oscitare :oscitari (to open the mouth, or anything that resembles a mouth ; hence to yawn, and of flowers, to expand themselves ; improperly = to sit and gape ; to be listless and inactive) :omnia stupere (to gape at everything in wonderment, Petronius, 29, 1) :inhiare alicui rei or aliquid ; inhiantem mirari aliquid (after Vergilius, Æn., 7, 814, to gape at) :hianti ore captare aliquid (to gape for food, etc. ; e. g. aquam, Curtius, 4, 16).
GAPER, By circumlocution with qui oscitat or oscitatur ; qui hiat, etc.: * spectator stupore quodam defixus (person who gapes in wonderment), or * spectator hians.
GAPING, oscitatio : oscedo (the habit of gaping or yawning, eo vitio, quod oscedo appellatur, Gellius).
GARB,Vid.
GARMENT.
GARBAGE, intestina :viscera (entrails) :purgamenta (vile parts, etc., that are washed or swept away ; properly and improperly) :sordes :sordes et fæx (improperly of what is foul and worthless).
GARBLE, * verba scriptoris non omnia proferendo, sententiam or voluntatem ejus corrumpere ac depravare ; or * verba scriptoris mala fraude ita seligere, ut voluntas ejus celetur :* ex iis, quæ dixit (or scripsit) aliquis, alia omittendo, alia transponendo efficere, ut, verbis prolatis, res celetur :* verbis, quæ scripta sunt, ipsis ita uti, ut ordo eorum visque non servetur.
GARDEN, s., hortus :horti (hortus mostly of a vegetable or fruit garden ; horti, of a pleasure garden or ornamental garden, portioned off into beds, etc. ; vid. Cicero, Læl., 2, 7 ; 7, 25) :a small garden, hortulus.Belonging to a garden, hortensis :to lay out a garden, hortum ædificare :a garden already formed or laid out, hortus institutus :one who works in a garden, hortulanus (late) :the keeper or overlooker of a garden, horti (hortorum) custos ; custos horto fructus servandi gratia impositus (one who guards the fruits).Garden-seat, sedile (e. g., e marmore ; cf. Plinius, Ep., 5, 6, 40) ; stibadium (of a semi-circular shape, ib. §36) :the cultivation of a garden, [vid. HORTICULTURE] : a bed in a garden, areola ; hortus (so far as it is hedged in) :a walk in a garden, •ambulatio horti (hortorum) ; xystus (a walk planted on both sides with shrubs) :garden tools, * instrumenta hortensia :a garden-knife, falx (in the shape of a sickle, for trimming trees, with putatoria or arborea ; vid. Pallad., 1, 43, 2) ; scalprum (with a straight edge ; hence, Columella, 4, 25, 1, the straight part of the edge of the falx is also, called scalprum).
GARDEN, v., hortum colere (Ovidius).To be fond of gardening, * hortorum cultu delectari.
GARDEN DOOR, * fores horti.
GARDEN PLANTS, hortensia, ium (Plinius).
GARDEN-ROLLER, cylindrus (κύλινδρος).
GARDEN-STUFF, hortensia, ium (plural adjective), or * herbæ hortenses (general term) :olus, eris (pot-herbs) ; (diminutive) oluscula, orum.
GARDEN WALL, maceria horti (Livius, 23, 9).
GARDENER, hortulanus (late, Macrobius) :olitor (market-gardener) :arborator (with reference to the trees) :topiarius (who cuts trees into artificial shapes).
GARDENING, hortorum cultus :hortorum cultura or cura : * res hortensis (as a science ; e. g., in a title, ” A treatise on gardening,” * de re hortensi, or * de hortis colendis). To write a treatise on gardening, * de hortis colendis scribere or exponere.
GARGARISM,Vid.
GARGLE.
GARGARIZE, Vid. To GARGLE.
GARGLE, s., gargarisma, atis :gargarismatium (both very late ; Theod. ; and from the Greek γαργάρισμα -άτιον) :
GARGLE, v., gargarizare, with anything, aliquid, or aliqua re, or ex aliqua re (e. g., with figs, ex ficis) :colluere (to wash, rince ; e. g., guttur aliqua re, Persius, os).
GARGLING, gargarizatio (the act of gargling) :gargarizatus (as the state while one is gargling himself).κυρικιμασαηικο
GARLAND, corona (general term for crown, chaplet, or wreath ; a garland of flowers, corona florea) :corolla : sertum (the sertum for decorating doors, windows, etc. ; the corolla [mostly poetical] for decorating the person on festive occasions ; e. g., at sacrifices, etc.) : Cf., strophium (στρόφιον) was some band for the head [Vergilius, Cop., 32. Prudentius, Cath., 3, 26 ; worn especially by priests, Fest., s., v.]. An altar decorated with garlands, ara floribus redimita. A funeral garland, corona funebris or sepulcralis :a nuptial garland, corona nuptialis (the bride’s was corolla de floribus, verbenis, herbisque a se lectis, Fest.) :that has or wears a garland, coronatus :to make a garland, coronam nectere :to put on a garland, coronam capiti imponere :to put a garland on anybody, aliquem coronare ; alicujus capiti coronam imponere.
GARLIC, allium : * allium sativum (Linnæus).
GARMENT, vestis (both clothes generally = vestitus, and a single article of dress) :vestimentum (a single article of dress, as a proper and necessary covering of the body) :amictus :amiculum (of upper clothing for warmth or ornament ; amictus, collectively ; amiculum, of a single article) :cultus (whatever belongs to dress ; girdle, hat, ornaments, arms, etc.) : Cf., habitus is whatever belongs to the exterior in general ; cleanliness, mode of dressing the hair, carriage of the body, etc. To change one’s garments, vestimenta mutare (Cf., vestem mutare means to go into mourning).
GARNER,Vid.
GRANARY.
GARNER,Vid. To STORE.
GARNET, carbunculus (a more general term, including the ruby, carbuncle, etc.).The precious or Oriental garnet, carbunculus Carchedonius.
GARNISH, v., Vid. ADORN.
GARNISH, s., Vid. ORNAMENT.
GARNISHMENT, GARNITURE,Vid. ORNAMENT.
GARRET, cœnaculum superius.To live in a garret, sub tegulis habitare (Suetonius, Gramm., 9) ; in superiore habiiare cœnaculo (to live in the upper story, which with the ancients, was under the roof, Plautus, Amph., 3, 1, 3) ; tribus scalis habitare (i. e., to live up three flights of stairs, which, with the ancients, was next to the roof, Martisalis, 1, 118, 7, speaking of himself as a poor poet).
GARRISON, s., præsidium (also = milites præsidiarii ; i. e., the soldiers forming the garrison) :præsidium stativum (the soldiers, considered as having their permanent quarters there) :stativa, orum, plural adjective (sc. castra, the place where the troops are garrisoned).To be in garrison any where, præsidio esse alicui loco (to be placed in a town for its defence) ; stativa habere aliquo loco (to be stationed there) :to be in garrison at Nicomedia, in statione Nicomedensi esse :to remain any where in garrison, aliquo loco relinqui præsidio :to place a garrison in a town, in oppido præsidium ponere, locare, collocare, constituere ; locum præsidio firmare, munire ; urbi præsidium imponere :to have a garrison, præsidio teneri ; præsidio firmatum, munitum esse :to have a strong garrison, firmum præsidium habere ; valido præsidio firmatum esse :to strengthen a garrison, præsidium majoribus copiis firmare :to withdraw a garrison, præsidium ex urbe deducere, abducere (general terms) ; locum præsidio nudare (with the accessory notion of leaving it defenceless) :to leave behind one a sufficient garrison, locum tutum relinquere :a regiment in garrison, præsidium stativum.
GARRISON, v., To garrison a town [vid. ” to place a GARRISON in a town”]. To be garrisoned any where ; vid. “to be in GARRISON any where.”
GARRULITY, garrulitas :loquacitas. SYN. in GARRULOUS.
GARRULOUS, garrulus :loquax (garrulus [ = λάλος], with reference to the quality ; loquax [= ἀδολέσχης], with reference to the quantity of what is uttered.The garrulus loves to hear himself talk, and tries to amuse by silly, weak conversation ; the loquaxtries to instruct by prosy, dull conversation, arising from the speaker’s want of power to express himself concisely ; loquacitas is especially a weakness of old age ; Cicero, does not use garrulus) :verbosus (wordy ; of things ; e. g., letters, etc.; garrulus and loquax being confined to persons, except in poetry, where garrulus is used of chattering brooks, etc., and loquax of eyes, hands, streams, etc.).
GARTER, periscelis (-idis, περισκελίς), or, pure Latin, genuale († Ovidius, Met., 10, 593, both general terms for knee-band).Braided garters, periscelides tortæ (Petronius).To put on a garter, * periscelide crura vestire.The order of the garter, * classis turmalis periscelidis, quæ dicitur.A knight of the garter, *classi turmali periscelidis, quæ dicitur, ascriptus.
GAS, spiritus naturales (Vitruvius, 9, 9, 2, Rode), or, for distinctness, * gas, quod dicitur.Gas-lights,
lumina, quæ dant spiritus naturales per tubos circumfusi (after Seneca, Ep., 90, 25).Gas-pipe, tubus, per quem circumfunduntur spiritus naturales (after Seneca, ib.).
GASH, v., secare, etc. Vid. To CUT.
GASH, s., vulnus (general term wound) :cicatrix (scar, mark of a gash) :biulcum vulnus († Sid., Ep., 6, 7) :hiatus (a gaping open) :stigma, atis (by a razor, Martisalis).
GASP, v., anhelare :anhelitum movere (Cicero) or ducere (Plautus) :anhelantem spiritum ex imis pulmonibus ducere (Auct., ad Her., 4, 33) :ægre ducere spiritum : spiritus difficilius redditur (to breathe with difficulty).
GASP, s., [Vid.
GASPING.] Anybody’s last gasp, extremus spiritus :extremus exspirantis hiatus (Quintilianus, 6, 3, 31).To the last gasp, usque ad extremum spiritum ; with his last gasp, extremo spiritu.To be at the last gasp, efflare or edere animam ( Cicero, Cf., efflare extremum halitum, Cicero, poet. Tusc., 2, 9, 22) ; agere animam ; edere extremum vitæ spiritum, or vitam (both Ciceronian).Vid. ” give up the GHOST.”
GASPING, anhelatio :anhelitus : spirandi or spiritus difficultas :meatus animæ gravior :spiritus gravis : gravitas spiritus :angustiæ spiritus :spiritus angustior (difficulty of breathing).
GATE, porta (gate of a city, camp, etc., whether with reference to the opening, or to the wooden frame or leaves) :fores portæ (the wooden gates ; i. e., leaves) :janua :fores (the large door of a house [janua = fores in liminibus profanarum ædium, Cicero, N. D., 2, 27] ; janua, as entrance ; fores, as the wooden leaves that close it) :valvæ (are the wooden leaves [fores] of stately buildings, temples, etc.).To open the gate, portam patefacere ; fores portæ aperire ; portæ fores recludere.To shut the gate, fores portæ objicere (to put it to) ; portam claudere (to fasten it to) :to break down a gate, portam refringere ; claustra portæ effringere :to cut through, hew down, etc., a gate, portas excidere (Cf., not exscindere) :to block up a gate, portas obstruere (e. g., with turf, cespitibus) :to enter by the gate, porta introire :to go out by a gate, exire per portam :to go out of a gate, pedem efferre porta :to stream out of the gate, porta effundi or se effundere :before the gate, ad portam (at it) ; extra portam (on the outside of it).
GATEWAY, janus ( = transitio pervia, Cicero ; arched gateway, arch). Vid.
GATE.
GATHER, s.,(in a garment), * ruga consuta, or ruga only ; or plicatura (fold).
GATHER, v. TRANS., || Collect, vid. || To gather in harvests, etc., carpere :decerpere (to pluck) :destringere alicui aliquid (to strip off, tear off ; e. g., leaves and berries) :detrahere alicui aliquid (to take off ; e. g., fruits) :percipere (to gather or collect for use ; e. g., the fruits of the earth, fruges ; olives, fructum ex olea, Plinius) :sublegere (to gather up ; e. g., baccam, quæ in terram decidit, Columella) :demetere (properly, of corn, frumentum, segetes ; poetically, of flowers, pollice florem, Vergilius).To gather the grapes, uvas legere ; detrahere uvas ex arboribus : vindemiam colligere (of the general gathering ; the vintage) :vindemiare (post-Augustan ; also, vindemiare uvas, Plinius) ; olives, legere oleas (Cato), olivas (Horatius), oleam stringere (to tear it off, which an old law forbade),to gather apples (garden fruits), demere or detrahere poma arboribus ; legere poma ex or ab arboribus. || To draw an inference, ex aliqua re colligere, concludere :hence it may be gathered, ex quo effici cogique potest (anything may be established by argument). || To pucker (a dress), consuere in rugas (rugæ, Plinius 35, 8, 34, etc.).
GATHER, INTRANS., || Assemble [vid. ASSEMBLE, INTRANS.].|| Fester, vid.
GATHER UP, colligere (general term, also, of taking up for the purpose of shortening, colligere togam, Martisalis) :sublegere (e. g., fallen fruits, etc., Columella, ; anything lying on the ground, Horatius).To gather up the stones from a field, elapidare agrum :to gather (up) the hair into a knot, capillos (in nodum) colligere. Vid. COLLECT.
GATHERER, by circumlocution.|| Tax-gatherer, vid.
GATHERING, || Act of collecting, collectio (general term, also, of collection of peccant humors, etc., Plinius, Sen., Scrib. Larg.) :perceptio (of fruits, frugum fructuumque) :exactio (of taxes, pecuniarum, etc.).|| Assemblage, vid. || Abscess ; vid. ABSCESS.
GAUDERY, GAUDINESS, * cultus speciosior, quam pretiosior :* cultus nitor, qui non est citra reprehensionem (after Quintilianus, 8, 5, 34) :* cultus, qui non tam corpus exornat, quam detegit mentem :* cultus ultra quam concessum est magnificus (both after Quintilianus, 8, Præf., 20). Vid.
FINERY.
GAUDILY, * cultu speciosiore quam pretiosiore : cultu ultra quam concessum est magnifico. Vid.
GAUDARY.
GAUDY, * speciosior quam pretiosior (of dress) :* ultra quam concessum est magnificus.
GAUGE, v., || To ascertain the contents of a vessel, etc., metiri :emetiri : permetiri (general terms for to measure) :ad certam mensuram examinare (after ad certum pondus examinare, Cæsar, B.
G., 5, 12, 4) ; or * ad publice probatæ mensuræ normam redigere (to compare it with the standard measure, and bring it to agreement with it).to gauge a vessel, * explorare aliquid, quot sit amphorarum, congiorum, etc.
GAUGER, * mensurarum ponderumque examinator (cf. examinator æquus ponderum panis, Cassiod., Var., 6, 18, fin) :with the ancients, ædilis (cf, Juvenalis, 10, 101).
GAUGING, * mensurarum exaniinatio.
GAUGING-ROD, * virgula mensuralis (after mensuralis linea, Sicul., Fl., p. 19, ed.
Goes.).
GAUNT, macer :prægrandi macie torridus (Cicero, Agrar., 2, 34, extr.) strigosus (lean, sinewy ; with no spare flesh) :* procerus et macer (tall and lean).
GAUNTLET, Vid.
GANTLET.
GAUZE, textum tenuissimum.
GAWKY,Vid. AWKWARD.
GAY, || Cheerful, vid. || Bright, etc. (of colors, dress, etc.), clarus (bright ; e. g., color) :lucidus : splendidus (e. g., lucida vestis, Plinius ; splendida vestis, Petronius) :nitidus (bright) :lætus (cheerful ; nitida, læta, opposed to horrida, inculta ; Cicero, Or., 11) :varius (having several colors ; hence, by inference, ” gay ;” of dress, etc.).
GAYETY, GAYLY,Vid.
GAIETY, GAILY.
GAZE, v., To gaze at or upon anything, spectare :aspectare : contemplari, intueri, contueri aliquem or aliquid [SYN. in CONTEMPLATE].To gaze steadily, etc., at anything, obtutum figere in aliqua re (Cicero, N. D., 2, 24, but in poetry) ; defixis oculis intueri aliquid ; defigere oculos in aliqua re (e. g., in vultu regis, Curtius, ; in te, Ovidius.In Cicero, it is only figuratively, in possessiones alicujus) :oculos non movere or non dejicere a re :oculi habitant in re : admirari (to g at with admiration) [vid. CONTEMPLATE] : Cf., quam maxime intentis oculis contemplari is used by Cicero with a quod aiunt ; and improperly, totam causam cont., Flaccus, 11.
GAZE, s., obtutus, ûs :obtutus oculorum (e. g., alicujus obtutus oculorum in cogitando, Cicero, De Or., 3, 5 ; obtutum figere aliquo, N. D., 2, 24, is in poetry) :conspectus (sight ; mostly with reference to the presence of an object within anybody’s sphere of vision ; to present itself to anybody’s gaze, dare se in conspectum alicui ; to withdraw from anybody’s gaze, fugere e conspectu alicujus) :aspectus (sight ; e. g., to direct their gaze to any object they please, aspectum quo vellent…convertere).An eager and fixed gaze, acer et defixus aspectus (Auct., ad Her., 3, 15, 27). Cf., Intuitus is post-classical, and only in the sense of “respect.” In abies hilarior intuitu, others read in totum, Plinius, 16, 10, 9.To fix one’s gaze on any object, oculos convertere ad aliquid [vid. To GAZE AT]. || Gazing-stock, vid.
GAZEBO, solarium (any part of a house that is exposed to the sun ; as balcony, terrace, etc.) :specula (as commanding a view, like a watch-tower).
GAZEHOUND, vertagus (Martisalis).
GAZELLE, * antilope Dorcas (Linnæus).
GAZETTE, * diurna, quæ res novas per orbem terrarum gestas narrant. Vid. NEWSPAPER.
GAZETTEER, * diurnorum scriptor.
GAZING STOCK, spectaculum :To be the gazing-stock of anybody, spectaculo esse alicui (Cicero, Att., 10, 2, fin.).
GEAR,Vid. DRESS, HARNESS, TACKLE.
GELATINE, * gelatina, quæ dicitur (as technical term).
GELATINOUS, * juri gelato similis, or by adjectives in VISCOUS.
GELD,Vid. To CASTRATE.
GELDING, cantherius : equus castratus.
GELID, gelidus. Vid. COLD.
GELIDITY,Vid. COLDNESS.
GELLY,Vid. JELLY.
GEM, s., || Jewel (vid.), gemma. || In Botany, gemma (Cicero, Columella, etc.).To put forth its gems, gemmare : gemmascere.
GEM, v., gemmare (to set with jewels ; in this sense only in passive partciple ; mostly intransitive, gemmans sceptrum, etc. ; and improperly, “gemmed with dew, ” gemmans rore recenti, Lucretius) :gemmis distinguere (e. g., a golden cup, Cicero) :distinguere (to relieve a surface with ornaments placed at intervals).
GEMINATION,Vid. DOUBLING, REPETITION.
GEMINOUS,Vid. DOUBLE.
GENDER, s., genus.
GENDER, v., Vid. ENGENDER, BEGET.
GENEALOGICAL, propaginum ordine descriptus or dispositus.Genealogical tables, tabulæ, in quibus familiæ nobiles a stirpe ad hanc ætatem enarrantur, or propagines virorum nobilium ordine descriptæ (both after Nepos, Att., 18, 2, sq.).Genealogical trees, στέμματα cognationum (Plinius) ; also, stemmata, um (Suetonius, Juvenalis, Martisalis, etc.).
GENEALOGICALLY, propaginum ordine ; ordine.
GENEALOGIST, genealogus (general term Cicero, N. D., 3, 17, 44) :* qui in nobilium familiarum propaginibus cognoscendis elaborat ; qui nobilium familiarum originem sic persequitur, ut ex eo clarorum virorum propagines possimus cognoscere (one who has made a study of genealogy, after Nepos, Att., 18, 2) :qui familias nobiles a stirpe ad hanc ætatem enarrat or enarravit (one who is writing or has written a genealogy, after Nepos, l. c.).
GENEALOGY, || Of a particular family, genealogia (Messal. Corv. de propr. August., 22) :or propagines (the branches or offshoots of a family ; vid. Nepos, Att., 18, 2) :liber in quo familiæ nobiles a stirpe ad hanc ætatem enarrantur (a writing on genealogy, after Nepos, l. c.) ; (Cf., stemma [the tree] et prosapia [the kindred] do not belong here).To trace up the genealogy of families, familiarum originem sic subtexere, ut ex eo clarorum virorum propagines possimus cognoscere :to declare the genealogy of the Julian family, Juliam familiam a stirpe ad hanc ætatem ordine enarrare. || The science of genealogy, genealogia, or by circumlocution doctrina, quæ in familiarum origine subtextenda sic elaborat, ut ex ea nobilium virorum propagines possimus cognoscere (after Nepos, l. c.).
GENERAL, adjective, generalis (relating to the whole) :communis (common ; of or belonging to all) :vulgaris : tritus (in common use ; usual every where). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vulgaris communisque : sometimes omnis (e. g., a general laugh followed, omnium consecutus est risus ; there is a generalagreement, omnes uno ore consentiunt). || In general ; vid.
GENERALLY.
GENERAL, s., dux :dux belli or exercitus : prætor ( = præ-itor, a general of people who were not Romans, especially of their land forces, στρατηφός ; especially in Nepos ; vid. Commentators ad Milt., 4 ; but imperator is also used of foreign generals) :imperator (a general or commander-in-chief, especially a general worthy of the name, a great general ; vid. Cicero, Or., 1, 48, 210).A general of cavalry, præfectus equitum (general term) ; magister equitum (in the Roman army) :to be a general of cavalry, equitatui præesse :a general of infantry, copiarum pedestrium dux :to be a general of infantry, copiis pedestribus, or simply copiis, præesse :an army that is commanded by an able general, exercitus, cui præpositus est sapiens et callidus imperator :a good general, bonus ac fortis, or (egregie) fortis et bonus :the duties or labors of a general, labor imperatorius (Cicero) :in the sight or presence of the general, in conspectu imperatoris :to be chosen general, ducem deligi ad bellum gerendum.
GENERALISSIMO, imperator :dux summus (general term).To make anybody generalissimo, aliquem exercitui præficere ; aliquem toti bello imperioque præficere ; summam belli alicui deferre : summam imperii bellique administrandi alicui permittere ; aliquem bello præponere :to go any where as generalissimo, cum imperio aliquo proficisci.
GENERALITY, commune : communitas (of the general or universality of a notion ; cf. Cicero, Top., 6, 29 ; opposed to specific distinction or definition).The generality ( = most of), plurimi :pars major (the greater part of a whole) :plerique (very many, without respect to a whole).
GENERALLY, || Mostly ; plerumque (mostly) :fere (as a general rule ; generally) :vulgo (commonly).(Do) not generally, non fere or ferme (both Cicero), in which observe that the non precedes the fere or ferme. || In general ; taken generally, universe : summatim :generatim, generaliter (Cicero, De Invent., 1, 26, 39). (The words are found in this connection and order.) generatim atque universe (opposed to singillatim or per species). But Cf., these adverbs are only used when they relate to an action ; if they relate to a subject or object that is to be taken in its whole extent, we must use the adjectives summus or universus ; e. g., to treat a subject generally, de re universa agere :to write about the state generally, de summa republica scribere) :omnino (” at large, ” when a whole number is opposed to individuals ; e. g., quid in Gallia negotii est Cæsari, aut omnino populo Romano) :prorsus (” to speak generally” = ut paucis complectar, after several particulars have been mentioned ; vid. Sallustius, Cat., 15, end) :ad summam :in summa (the former when, after stating several particular reasons, one ends with the principal one of all ; the latter, when no particular reasons are stated, but only the principal one of all).”Generally,” or “in general,” are also sometimes used when a general assertion is followed by the mention of a particular case to which the assertion applies with the greatest force ; hence it is expressed by quum, the particular case being introduced by tum :I am an admirer of my countrymen’s good qualities generally, and especially of the energy with which they study, quum nostrorum hominum virtutes soleo admirari, tum maxime in studiis.
GENERALSHIP, indoles imperatoriæ virtutis (talents for a great general ; Justinus, 2, 8, 15) :imperatoria virtus : virtus imperatoris (also in plural, imperatoriæ virtutes, all the excellences which form a good general).
GENERATION, hominum genus : ætas hominum : ætas (general term) :sæculum (the age of a generation of men, by many fixed at 30…33 years ; by the Etrurian and Roman custom, at 100 years) : Cf., ævum, a natural term of life, is rather poetical. The present generation, hujus ætatis homines ; qui nunc vivunt :sometimes hi only (e. g., horum luxuria; opposed to antiquorum diligentia, Varro, R. R., 1, 13, 6) :to the present generation, usque ad hanc ætatem :to be living in the third generation, tertiam ætatem vivere :two good orators have scarcely existed in each generation, vix singulis ætatibus bini oratores laudabiles constitere.
GENERIC, generalis (Cicero ; belonging to the whole genus ; opposed to specialis, or quod ad singulas partes alicujus rei pertinet, specific).
GENEROSITY, || In sentiments, spirit, etc., animus ingenuus :mens liberalis :ingenium liberale : generosus spiritus :ingenuitas :liberalitas. || Liberality in giving, liberalitas (gives as much as a liberal-minded man thinks suitable to his own rank or the receiver’s merits, without nice mercantile calculation) :benignitas (gives largely from kindness of temper, that does not wish to enjoy anything to the exclusion of others) :munificentia (gives rather too much than too little, from the pleasure of making people happy and causing an agreeable surprise ; Döderlein) :beneficentia (habit of doing good, especially by giving generously) :largitas (with reference to the large amount given ; hence, also, of a particular gift, largitas tui muneris, Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order.) liberalitas ac benignitas.Too great generosity, nimia largitas ; effusio (toward anybody, in aliquem ; also in plural, Cicero, Off., 2, 16, 56).Splendid generosity, magnificentia liberalitatis (Cicero).Generosity toward anybody, liberalitas in aliquem : Cf., largitio is the spurious generosity of the largitor, who gives from the selfish motive of purchasing honors, etc.
GENEROUS, || Bountiful, etc., largus :liberalis (the former of interested, the latter of disinterested high-principled liberality [opposed to prodigus] ; cf. Cicero, Off., 2, 16, 55) :beneficus :benignus (benignus, properly with reference to kind feeling, but often = bountiful ; cf. Cicero, Deiot., 9, 26) :munificus (often making presents without expecting any return). (The words are found in this connection and order.) beneficus liberalisque : liberalis et beneficus :liberalis munificusque : munificus et liberalis :largus, beneficus, liberalis :pecuniæ liberalis (Sallustius, Cat., 7) :generosus :liberalis (of persons, and their mode of thinking) :generosi spiritus (of noble sentiments, etc.) :ingenuus (only of sentiments). Cf. SYN. in GENEROSITY.κυρικιμασαηικο
GENEROUSLY, generose (in a noble, spirited manner) :animo magno (with a high soul, courage, etc.) :large : liberaliter :(The words are found in this connection and order.) large liberaliterque :benigne : munifice. (The words are found in this connection and order.) munifice et large (liberally : munificently). SYN. in GENEROUS.
GENET, asturco (Asturian horse, of beautiful action).
GENIAL, genialis (properly, relating to birth or marriage ; then, improperly, of persons or things that exhibit or resemble the hospitality and festivity of marriage feasts, festum, dies, etc., but mostly in poets) :lætus :voluptatis or jucunditatis plenus (joyful) :suavis (sweet, delightful).
GENIALLY, genialiler (e. g., agere festum, Ovidius, Met., 11, 95) :læte :jucunde :cum voluptate : hilare or hilariter :animo læto or hilari.
GENICULATED, geniculatus (e. g., culmus, Cicero).
GENITALS, membra genitalia, or genitalia only.
GENITIVE, genitivus casus, or genitivus only (Quintilianus).
GENIUS (demon), genius (a tutelary spirit ; Cf., never figuratively for the spirit ; e. g., of a language, of a time, where we ought to say proprietas sermonis, ingenium sæculi, etc.) :dæmonium :divinum illud (deity, spirit, general term).
GENIUS (talents), ingenium (both of the mental talents and of the person who possesses them) :maxima indoles et admirabilis (Quintilianus, ; of the mental powers) :vir magni or elati ingenii :vir ingenio præstans :magno ingenio præditus (of the person) :an extraordinary and almost superhuman genius, vir singulari et pæne divino ingenio :to be no great genius, non maximi esse ingenii. A genius for anything, admirabilis ad aliquid (e. g., ad dicendum) natura.His youthful productions
bear marks of great genius, puerilia alicujus opera et maximam indolem ostendunt et admirabilem (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 90).
GENS D’ARMES, stipatores corporis (as body-guard) :* equites rei publicæ custodes (as police).
GENTEEL, liberalis :ingenuus (suiting the condition of one who is free-born ; mostly with reference to the mind and sentiments) :honestus (enjoying honor, respect ; e. g. of persons, families) : Cf., generosus is too strong, implying noble birth and breeding ; sometimes urbanus : comis : elegans.
GENTEELLY, ingenue, liberaliter (e. g., to be educated, to live, etc.) :honeste (e. g., vestiri, with reference to propriety, elegance, suitableness to our rank, etc., Varro, L. L., 8, 16, 111, § 31).Sometimes urbane, belle, etc.
GENTEELNESS,Vid.
GENTILITY.
GENTILE, gentilis (Eccl.).Vid. HEATHEN.
GENTILISM,Vid. HEATHENISM.
GENTILITY, ingenuitas (the state of a free-born, mostly well-born man ; cf. Livius, 8, 28, 4) :venustas ; elegantia morum :dulcedo morum et suavitas (refined manners, etc.) :urbanitas (politeness) : Cf., gentilitas = clanship, etc.
GENTLE, || Of good birth, ingenuus :liberalis :honesto loco natus : generosus (is stronger ; of high, noble birth). || Mild, meek, mitis (mild ; opposed to acerbus, durus ; e. g., in aliquem , toward anybody ; of character, affections, etc. ; also, poetically, of breezes) :lenis (gentle ; opposed to vehemens, asper, of persons, character, words ; also of winds, Cicero ; and sleep, Horatius ; toward anybody, in aliquem). (The words are found in this connection and order.) lenis et facilis (of a person’s character) :mollis (soft ; of breezes, words, etc.) :placidus (calm ; opposed to turbidus, of persons, of sleep †, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) placidus mollisque (of a person ; e. g., reddere aliquem) ; placidus quietusque : placatus (toward anybody, in aliquem , especially after differences have existed between them ; opposed to infestus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) quietus et placatus, mitis et placatus : levis (light ; of touch, tactus, Ovidius) :mansuetus (properly, tame, of animals ; then gentle, etc., of persons). (The words are found in this connection and order.) lenis (or mitis) et mansuetus.The gentle Muses, Musæ mansuetæ :a gentle sleep, lenis or placidus somnus.To make anybody as gentle as a lamb, aliquem tarn placidum, quam ovem, reddere (Cicero, Cæcin., 10) :a gentle reproof, castigatio clemens :to administer a gentle reproof to anybody, molli brachio objurgare aliquem (so as to spare him a more severe one, Cicero, Att., 2, 1) :|| Gentle (of ascent, etc.), leniter editus ; molliter assurgens ; leniter or placide acclivis. Vid.
GRADUAL.
GENTLEMAN, || With reference to birth, ingenuus : honesto loco natus (of good birth).To be brought up as a gentleman, ingenue educari.A simple gentleman, nihil ultra quam ingenuus (Livius, 8, 10) .A gentleman by birth, honestis parentibus or honesto loco natus. || With reference to breeding and sentiment, homo ingenuus et liberaliter educatus : educatus ingenue : vir humanitate politus. Cf., The word being used vaguely, according to the speaker’s view of the gentlemanly character, must be translated with reference to the particular quality implied ; vir liberalis :bonus, fortis, magno animo præditus (all Cicero, Rep., 1, 5, of persons), probus, etc. (Anybody is) no gentleman, homo politioris humanitatis expers.A gentleman ought to, etc., est hominis ingenui, liberaliter educati, with infinitive, etc. (Cicero). The education of a gentleman, liberales disciplinæ (Quintilianus, 12, 7, 8).A young gentleman, puer (adolescens, etc.) ingenuus, or honesto loco natus :to play the fine gentleman, valde jam lautum esse :you are a fine gentleman forsooth, not to condescend to write to me, valde jam lautus es, qui gravere literas ad me dare (Cicero, Fam.,7, 14, 1).
GENTLEMANLIKE, GENTLEMANLY, ingenuus : liberalis (becoming a free-born man, as opposed to a slave) :honestus et liberalis (opposed to turpis et illiberalis) :hominis ingenui et liberaliter educati (becoming one who is both by birth and breeding a gentleman) :dignus homine nobili (Cicero ; becoming one of noble birth) :modestus ac verecundus (modest and respectful) :elegans (showing taste, etc.; opposed to illiberalis, inelegans) :urbanus (polite).Gentlemanlike pursuits, ingenua studia atque artes :gentlemanlike professions, quæstus liberales (opposed to quæstus sordidi, Cicero, Off., 1, 41).In a gentlemanlike manner, ingenue.
GENTLENESS, lenitas (opposed to asperitas).Gentleness of temper, lenitas animi ; from context, lenitas only :gentleness of character, ingenium lene or mite ; of manners, mores placidi :mansuetudo morum.
GENTLEWOMAN, ingenua (opposed to libertina).
GENTLY, lente :tranquille :quiete :sedate : sedato animo :placide (e. g., ire, progredi, forem aperire) :sedate placideque :placide et sedate (e. g., loqui, ferre dolorem) :patienter :æquo animo :modice (with due equanimity) :leniter :placide leniterque (gently, slowly, slowly and gently ; e. g., procedere) :paullatim :pedetentim (gradually).Gently! moderatius, oro (curre, rem age! etc.; vid. Ovidius, Met., 1, 510).To open the door gently, suspensa manu blande flectere cardinem (Quintilianus, Decl., 1, 13 ; vid. also, placide above). SYN. in GENTLE.
GENTRY,The gentry, omnes ingenui (all the free-born and respectable) :honesto loco orti or nati.All the gentry, from the highest to the lowest, omnis ingenuorum multitudo etiam tenuissimorum (Cicero, Cat., 4, 7, 16).
GENUFLEXION, * genuum flexura, or by circumlocution, genua curvata (cf. Ammianus, 17, 10, 3).
GENUINE, verus (true ; also, of writings, tot enim sunt veri Bruti libri, Cicero, Or., 2, 55, 224) :probus (e. g., argentum probum, Livius) :germanus :verus et germanus (e. g., verum et germanum Metellum, Cicero ; hæc germana est ironia, Cicero) :bonus (good ; boni numi, Cicero) :sincerus (unadulterated ; of wine, etc.) :merus (unmixed ; of fluids) :putus (of metals ; pure ; purus et putus is mostly ante-classical, Plautus, etc.) : Cf., genuinus is “home-born” = domesticus, in Cicero, Rep. 2, 15 ; but was applied to writings by Gellius :a genuine edition, * sincera editio :genuine virtue, vera virtus :a genuine Stoic, verus et sincerus Stoicus.For ” think not to be genuine,” etc., vid. “doubt its GENUINENESS.”
GENUINELY, sincere : probe. SYN. in GENUINE.
GENUINENESS, incorrupta integritas (unadulterated nature) :auctoritas :fides (credibility).Also by circumlocution, as, many doubt the genuineness of this book, multi dubitant, hunc librum ab eo, ad quem refertur, conscriptum esse :the genuineness of a law is disputed, * sunt qui censeant, legem esse adulterinam.A play, the genuineness of which is doubted by some, comœdia, quam Plauti esse quidam non putant (of course, with genitive of the author to whom it is commonly attributed).
GENUS, genus (opposed to species).The highest genus (including other ” genera ” as species of itself), summum genus : generum caput.
GEOGNOSY, * geognosia.
GEOGRAPHER, geographus (analogous to chorographus ; Vitruvius, 10, 2, 5, Schneider).
GEOGRAPHICAL, geographicus (γεωφραφικός, late).
GEOGRAPHY, geographia (γεωγραφία) ; or, pure Latin, terrarum or regionum descriptio.
GEOMETER, geometres (γεωμέτρης).
GEOMETRICAL, geometricus (γεωμετρικός).
GEOMETRICALLY, geometrice (Vitruvius, for which Cicero uses γεομετρικῶς, Att., 12, 5).
GEOMETRICIAN,Vid.
GEOMETER.
GEOMETRY, geometrta :geometrice : geometrica, orum (general term) :ratio linearis (as a theory, Quintilianus, 1, 10, 36).To know or understand geometry, geometricen novisse ; geometria or geometrice eruditum esse :to learn geometry, geometrica discere.
GEORGICS, Georgica (plural, Gellius), or georgica carmina. In the first Georgic, in primo Georgicon (Greek genitive plural, Gellius, 13, 20, 4).
GERANIUM, geranion (γεράνιον, Plinius) ; * geranium (Linnæus).
GERFALCON, * hierofalco (Cuv.).
GERM, || PROPR., germen : asparagus (the asparagus-like germ of several plants ; cf. Plinius, 23, 1, 17 ; 21, 15, 54) :cyma (young, tender germ, especially of the cabbage tribe).To destroy the germ of a plant, fetum reprimere (cf. Cicero, Brut., 4, 16, Meyer). || IMPROPR., semen (the seed ; e. g., malorum, discordiarum) :igniculus, especially in plural, igniculi (the first sparks ; e. g., virtutum) :initium (general term for beginning of anything) : Cf., germen, in this sense, is without good ancient authority, except poetically, Lucretius, 4, 1079.To destroy or crush the first germ of anything, aliquid primo tempore opprimere et exstinguere :things apparently unimportant often contain the germ of great events, ex rebus primo aspectu levibus magnarum sæpe rerum motus oriuntur.
GERMAN. || Cousins german. [Vid. “first COUSINS.”] || Related (obsolete), vid.
GERMANDER, * teucrium (Linnæus).Wall germander, * teucrium chamædrys (Linnæus).Germander Speedwell, * veronica chamædrys (Linnæus).
GERMANISM, * Germanæ linguæ proprietas.
GERMINATE, germinare : pullulare.When they first begin to germinate ; as soon as they begin to germinate, statim in germinatione (Plinius).
GERMINATION, germinatio (Columella, Plinius) :germinatus, ûs (Plinius).
GERUND, gerundium (Diom., Prisc) :gerundivus modus (Serv., p. 788, P.).
GESTICULATE, gestum facere or agere : gestu uti : gestum componere (of scientific, artistical gesticulation, especially of the “action,” in a wide sense, of players
and orators) : Cf., gesticulari, post-Augustan, Suetonius. To gesticulate at every word, gestu verba exprimere.
GESTICULATION, gestus : Cf., gesticulatio, Suetonius. Let all excess of gesticulation be avoided, omnis non viro dignus ornatus…in gestu (motuque) caveatur (after Cicero, Off., 1, 36, 130).To make a gesticulation in sign of assent, gratificari alicui gestu (Cicero, Balb., 6, 14).
GESTURE, gestus (with reference to position ; holding of the body, or of single parts of it ; distinguishedfrom motus, the motion of the whole body ; hence together, gestus motusque ; motus gestusque : gestus is especially proper to actors ; motus, to combatants, wrestlers, orators).To make gestures, gestum agere, facere : gestu uti :gestum componere (after the rules of art) :all kinds of artistical pantomimic gestures which anybody makes at anything, gesticulatio :to make such gestures, gesticulari :one that makes such gestures, gesticulator (Cf., all three, post- Augustinus) :to be unskilful in making gestures, gestum nescire :to make wrong gestures, peccare in gestu :to make a gesture at every word, gestu verba exprimere.
GET, v., TRANS., || To obtain (whether permanently or for a time), accipere (general term, to receive) :ferre : auferre (to carry off as the produce of one’s exertions, etc., anything good or bad) :nancisci (by chance, opportunity, or any other cause, without our own co-operation) :obtingit mihi aliquid (anything falls to my lot ; similar to nancisci) :impetrare (to obtain by asking) :adipisci (to achieve by exertion) :assequi (to obtain an object for which anybody has striven) :consequi (to obtain an object one has desired ; with or without assistance ; a more general term than assequi) :acquirere (to acquire or win what one has sought with great exertion) :obtinere (to obtain and keep possession of anything against great opposition) :sortiri :sorte nancisci :sortem alicujus rei nancisci (to get or obtain by lot) :potiri aliqua re or (rare) aliquid (to get into anybody’s power) :compotem fieri alicujus rei (to obtain possession of ; e. g., one’s wish) :incidere in aliquid :corripi, tentari aliqua re (to fall into, especially into diseases) :augeri aliqua re (to be blessed with anything, as with riches, children) :quærere (obtain by seeking ; e. g., victum, gloriam, gratiam ad populum) :parare :comparare (provide ; procure by one’s own means ; also = to get anything ready [vid. below], parare convivium, quæ opus sunt ad nuptias, bellum, etc. ; comparare convivium, arma, bellum, exercitus, etc.) :colligere (to gather, as it were, good-will, favor, etc.) :parere sibi aliquid (to beget, as it were ; to receive as the fruit of some exertion or step ; e. g., laudem).To have got [on this idiom, vid. note at the end of the article], habere :not to get, non accipere (general term, it has not been given to me) ; defraudari aliqua re (to be cheated out of a thing) ; res abiit a me (at an auction ; it was knocked down to somebody else) :to get children [vid. BEGET] :to have got the left shoe on the right foot, calceus sinister pro dextero inductus est (Suetonius, Aug., 92) :to get the day [vid. ” to GAIN the victory”] :get you gone! abi! apage te! amove te hinc! get out of my sight! abscede procul e conspectu meo! To get by heart [vid. HEART] : to get a name from any circumstance, cognomen trahere ex re :to get courage, accedit mihi animus :to get booty, prædam nancisci :to get a rich booty, opima prasda potiri :to get anybody’s permission to do anything, ab aliquo impetrare, ut liceat mihi aliquid facere (Cicero) :to get money, pecuniam sibi facere ; great wealth and great reputation, magnas opes magnumque nomen sibi facere ; great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere ; ill-gotten wealth, male partum or -a, [vid. ill-gotten GAINS].To get a cold, fever, headache, etc.; vid. the substantives.To get anything from anybody, impetrare, exorare aliquid a aliquo (by entreaties) ; exprimere, extorquere alicui aliquid (by force) ; expugnare aliquid ab aliquo (by a violent struggle) :elicere (by persuasive means).Not to be able to get a word from or out of anybody, ex aliquo verbum elicere non posse :to get one’s living by anything, victum quæritare aliqua re :to get a scanty living, vitam tolerare, paupertatem sustentare or famem propulsare aliqua re or aliquid faciendo :you may always get fresh-baked bread here, semper hic recentis panis est copia :what good should I get by telling you a lie ? quid mihi sit boni, si mentiar (comedy) ? easily got, parabilis :this may be got for asking, or without the slightest trouble, hæc virgula divina, ut aiunt, suppeditantur (Cicero, Off., 1, 44, 158, proverbially) :to get an answer, responsum ferre or auferre ; to my letter from anybody, meis literis respondetur or rescribitur ab aliquo :to get a situation, office, munus alicui mandatur, defertur : muneri præficior :to get anything out of one’s head, memoriam alicujus rei ex animo ejicere (purposely).When he saw he could get nothing out of him by threatening to go to law, posteaquam vidit nihil se ab aliquo posse litium terrore abradere (Cicero) :to get (a secret, etc.) out of anybody, ex aliquo percunctando atque interrogando or sciscitando elicere :expiscari (to fish out), aliquid alicui or ex aliquo.|| Gain, vid. || To get anybody to do anything, impetrare (ab aliquo), ut faciat aliquid (e. g., having got them to stay, impetrato [ablative participle] ut manerent, Livius). [vid. To INDUCE.] || To get anything done, aliquid faciendum curare : aliquid alicui curandum tradere (to give it another person to manage, etc.) ; but, as in English, a person is often said ” to do” what he really “gets done” for him by another ; e. g., wishing to get a ring made, quum vellet annulum sibi facere (Cicero, Verr., 4, 25, 66) :to get anything carried to the army by ships, aliquid exercitui navibus supportare (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 44). || To have got to do, etc. ( = to have that task, etc.), by participle in dus :I have got many letters to write, multæ mihi epistolæ scribendæ sunt. Cf., “To have got” [ = to have] a book, etc., is objected to by Webster and other writers as a vulgarism ; but it is not only thoroughly idiomatical, but may be easily justified. “To get” being ” to acquire” (receive, obtain, etc.) ; “to have got” = ” to have acquired” (received, obtained), and so ” to have,” “to possess ;” and it so happens that the sister word has the same peculiarity in Greek, κτ-άομαι, ” I get” [where the radicals κτ correspond to gt, the smooth mute κ having passed, according to Grimm’s law, into the middle mute g] ; κέκτημαι, ” I have got” = “I have” or “possess.” Webster also objects to “I could not get him to do this” [Addison], and ” I could not get the work done, ” as not elegant. It is to be hoped that the time for sacrificing our old idioms to modern and sickly notions of elegance is pretty nearly gone by.
For other combinations ; e. g., to get anybody’s CONSENT, etc., vid. the substantives.
GET, INTRANS., Vid. To BECOME ; and To GROW = become.
GET, with adverbs, adjectives, etc.(A) TRANS., || To get anything or anybody AWAY [vid. ” to GET anything from anybody”]. || To get DOWN [vid. “to REACH down”]. || To get IN :(α) To get in crops, percipere fruges or fructus :condere, or condere et reponere (to store them in the barn). (β) To gel in debts, etc., exigere (e. g., pecunias).(γ) To get in a store, etc. ; e. g., anything for the winter, in hiemem providere aliquid ; a large supply of corn, frumenti vim maximam comparare. || To get anything OFF :(α) To get shoes, etc., off [vid. “to PULL off”]. (β) To get a ship off the shoals, etc., navem detrudere (e. g., scopulo, Vergilius),(γ) To get anybody’s goods, etc., off, vendere. || To get anything ON, inducere (to pull or draw on, e. g., a shoe, calceum sibi inducere) :induere (e. g., a coat, etc., sibi vestem or se veste).A shoe that anybody can hardly get on, calceus minor pede or pedem urens (both Horatius, Ep., 1, 10, 42) :a coat, etc., that one can hardly get on, * vestis nimis stricta or astricta. || To get OUT :(α) To get anything from anybody [vid. above, near the end of To GET, TRANS.]. (β) To draw out, to disengage, vid. || To get OVER :(α) PROPR., a wall, etc. [vid. To CLIMB, To CROSS].(β) IMPROPR., [vid. To SURMOUNT, CONQUER ; and for that “which cannot be got over, ” vid. INSURMOUNTABLE].(γ) To get over a sickness, ex morbo convalescere :morbum depellere. || To get READY, parare :comparare [vid. these words above] :every thing is got ready, omnia sunt [ad aliquid] apta et parata :to get one’s self ready, comparare se (Cicero, Mil., 10, 28) ; for anything, ad aliquid or ad rem faciendam (e. g., ad iter, ad respondendum) :to order breakfast to be got ready at his house, prandium apud se accurari jubere :to get a vessel ready for sea [vid. READY]. || To get TOGETHER [vid. To COLLECT, AMASS, ASSEMBLE]. || To get UP :(α) To prepare a play, edere fabulam (of the person at whose expense it is exhibited ; seldom dare ; fabulam docere, is of the author making the actors practise it, etc. ; who, with reference to this kind of ” getting up” = “learning it, ” discunt fabulam ; vid. Krebs) :apparare (e. g., ludos, of preparing all that is necessary to their exhibition) :comparare (e. g., convivium) :splendidly got up, magnifice splendideque ornatus : magnifice et ornate comparatus (both e. g., convivium).(β) To raise (a building), erigere :excitare, etc.To have nearly got a house up, pæne ad fastigium pervenisse :to get up hastily some temporary building, subitarium ædificium exstruere (Tacitus).(γ) To pull up or aloft, tollere :attollere : levare :sublevare (to help up).(δ) To make anybody rise, excitare aliquem (to call him, etc.) ; * efficere, ut e lecto surgat aliquis (to succeed in making him get out of bed).(B) INTRANS., ||
To get ABROAD (of reports, etc.), exire in turbam or in vulgus :emanare (in vulgus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) exire atque in vulgus emanare :efferri (foras or in vulgus) :effluere et ad aures bominum permanare :to let anything get abroad [vid. To REPORT, To PUBLISH] :to prevent anything from getting abroad, alicujus rei famam comprimere or supprimere. || To get AHEAD [vid. To ADVANCE, To PROSPER] :to get ahead of [vid. To OUTSTRIP]. || To get ALONG [vid. To PROCEED, To ADVANCE]. || To get AMONG, incidere in aliquos or inter catervas (Livius, ; to fall among persons). || To get AT [vid. To REACH]. || To get AWAY [vid. To ESCAPE (from)]. || To get BACK, repetere retro viam (Livius) [vid. To RETURN]. || To get BEFORE, prævenire (aliquem or aliquid ; by taking a shorter road, breviore via, Livius) :antevenire (e. g., exercitum Metelli) :præcurrere aliquem (to outstrip him) :post se relinquere (to leave behind).The report gets before my letter, fama meam epistolam celeritate superat :he cannot get before him without great carelessness on his part, ut eum præcurrat, sine magna negligentia fieri non potest (Quintilianus, Cicero improperly).If anybody has got before you, si aliquis ante te fuerit (Seneca, Ep., 104, of an ambitious man). || To get BEHIND :(α) To fall in the rear, ab aliquo superari : (procul) ab aliquo relinqui :(β) To place one’s self behind, for the purpose of hiding, post aliquid latere (Vergilius). || To get the BETTER of [vid. To CONQUER, SURMOUNT]. || To get BETWEEN, medium se inferre :inter medios (e. g., hostes) irrumpere :insinuare se (e. g., inter turmas, to wind one’s self in, as it were). || To get CLEAR [vid. “to get or become FREE (from), ” to DISENGAGE one’s self]. || To get DOWN [vid. To DESCEND]. || To get FORWARD [vid. To ADVANCE, To PROCEED]. || To get FROM [vid. To ESCAPE from]. || To get IN :(Α) PROPR., insinuare se in aliquem locum ; or by the verbs under To ENTER.You must get out by the same way that you got in, eadem, qua te insinuasti (insinuaveris, etc.) retro via repetenda (Livius, 9, 2, 8). (β) IMPROPR., Evils, etc., get in, mala se insinuant.(γ) To get in with anybody, insinuare se in familiaritatem or consuetudinem alicujus :gratiam alicujus parere :in alicujus consuetudinem se immergere (aliqua re ; e. g., blanditiis et assentationibus). || To get INTO :(α) PROPR., locus capit aliquid (it can get into it) :immergi in aliquid (of what one sinks into ; e. g., in paludem) :devenire (into something bad or wrong ; e. g., in alicujus potestatem or manus ; in alienas manus) :incidere in aliquid (to fall into, especially against anybody’s will) :incurrere in aliquid (to run into, especially from anybody’s own fault) :decidere in aliquid (to sink into a bad state ; e. g., to get into pecuniary difficulties, in angustias rei familiaris) :adduci in aliquid (to be brought into danger, difficulty, etc.) : (in) aliquem locum intrare (etc., to enter) :in aliquem locum se insinuare (to wind one’s self in, by making one’s way through obstacles, etc.).To get into port, portum capere :in portum venire, pervenire :in portum ex alto recipi :in portum penetrare (Cicero) :to get into one’s carriage, inscendere in currum (Plautus) ; ascendere currum (Lucretius, Suetonius) ; conscendere currum (Lucretius, Ovidius, Propertius).To get into a house, in domum or domicilium immigrare.(β) To gel into favor with anybody [vid. “to get in with anybody”]. || To get NEAR [vid. To APPROACH]. || To get OFF :(α) From a horse, etc. [vid. To DISMOUNT, To ALIGHT].(β) To get clear from [vid. To ESCAPE, To DISENTANGLE one’s self]. (γ) To escape from the consequences of a fault, etc., defungi (e. g., with a slight punishment, levi pœna ; by a lie, mendacio) :elabi ex judicio (to escape punishment in a court of justice ; of an accused person) :to get off without any punishment, peccata impune dilabuntur (Auct., ad Her., 2, 25, 39) :I have got off belter than I expected, pulchre discedo et probe et præter spem (Terentianus, Phorm.,5, 9, 58). [Vid. to COME OFF, β.] || To get ON :(α) To climb, to mount, Vid. (β) To advance, prosper, make progress, vid. (γ) To get on (well) with anybody, commode versari cum aliquo :ferre aliquem :a person with whom we can get on well, homo facilis, conimodus, tractabilis (opposed to difficilis, difficilis et morosus, intractabilis). || To get OUT :(α) PROPR., Of a place, exire : egredi, etc. You must get out by the way you got in [vid. “get IN”]. To get out of one’s carriage, ex or de rheda descendere.(β) To get out of a scrape, etc. [vid. To EXTRICATE one’s self from].(γ) To get out of one’s depth, [vid. DEPTH]. || Get QUIT or RID of :(α) A person [vid. RID, adjective]. (β) Of a thing [vid. To DISENGAGE, To DISENTANGLE, To EXTRICATE one’s self]. || Get THROUGH :(α) PROPR., penetrare per aliquem locum ; or (to a place), ad aliquem locum, in aliquem locum usque.(β) To finish a task [vid.
FINISH]. (γ) To get to the end of a sum of money, a fortune, etc. [ vid. To SPEND]. || Get TO [vid. To REACH]. || To get TOGETHER [vid. To ASSEMBLE or COLLECT, INTRANS.]. || Get UP :(α) To rise (including the rising in price), vid. (β) [Vid. To CLIMB, To MOUNT.] || Get UPON :(α) [Vid. “get on”]. (β) To get upon one’s feet, se erigere (e. g., of a little child trying to raise itself from the ground). (γ) To get upon a subject, in sermonem incidere. || Get the UPPER hand [vid. CONQUER, PREVAIL AGAINST].
GHASTLINESS, exsanguis funereusque color :color perpallidus.
GHASTLY, cadaverosus :luridus : exsanguis (without any blood in the face ; pale from fear, rage, etc.) :cadaverosa facie (of a ghastly pale complexion) :sine colore (either always or at the moment, from fear, etc. ; e. g. sine colore constitit).Anybody is ghastly pale, pallor aliquem facit horrendum aspectu († Horatius, Sat., 1, 8, 26). || Shocking to behold, fœdus (e. g., vulnus, cicatrix, both †).vid. TERRIBLE.
GHOST, spectrum (denotes the apparition of a departed spirit, as a supernatural appearance) :mostellum (diminutive from monstrum, as a horrible apparition) :manes (as the apparition of a good spirit) :lemures (as that of a hobgoblin).Anybody’s ghost walks, non manes ejus conquiescunt viri (Livius, 21, 10 ; cf. Livius, 3, 58, extr.).To believe in ghosts [vid. to BELIEVE in]. || To give up the ghost, animam agere, edere, efflare (Cicero), emittere, deponere (Nepos) ; extremum vitæ spiritum edere (Cicero).
GHOSTLY,Vid. SPIRITUAL.
GIANT, vir major quam pro humano habitu :to be a giant, humanæ magnitudinis propemodum excessisse formam. Cf., Not gigas ; but Gigantes, of the mythological “Giants.”
GIANTESS, mulier major quam pro humano habitu.
GIANT-LIKE,Vid.
GIGANTIC.
GIBBER, v., * voce non explanabili et verborum inefficaci susurrare (cf. quotation under GIBBERISH).
GIBBERISH, voces quidem sed non explanabiles et perturbatæ et verborum inefficaces (after Seneca, De Ira, 1, 3) :stridor, non vox (Plinius).
GIBBET, s., Vid.
GALLOWS.
GIBBET, v., The nearest Latin expression is infelici arbori suspendere ; but as this does not imply continued exhibition after death, we must use some such phrase as * infelici arbori (or cruci) suspensum aliquem corvis dilaniandum relinquere (after cadaver…canibus dilaniandum relinquere. Cicero, Mil., 13).You shall be hanged and gibbeted, pasces in cruce corvos († Horatius).To be gibbeted, pascere in cruce corvos (Horatius).
GIBBOSITY, gibbus (Juvenalis) :gibber (Plinius ; both = a protuberance).
GIBBOUS, gibbus (Celsus, 8, 1). Cf., Gibber and gibberosus appear to be used only of men, animals, etc.; extrinsecus gibbus is used by Celsus, of the skull.
GIBE, v., Vid. To JEER, To SCOFF.
GIBE, s., Vid. JEER, SCIFF.
GIBER,Vid. JEERER, SCOFFER.
GIBLETS, * exta anseris.
GIDDILY, PROPR., by circumlocution with vertigine correptus. || Thoughtlessly, animo levi :temere :indiligenter : negligenter :dissolute : animo dissoluto.Anybody behaves so giddily, tanta mobilitate se gerit.
GIDDINESS, PROPR., Dizziness, Vid. || IMPROPR., Thoughtlessness, animus levis :levitas : mobilitas (with or without animi, ingenii). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mobilitas et levitas animi :animus dissolutus :temeritas : negligentia :indiligentia. [SYN. in GIDDY].
GIDDY, || Dizzy, vid. || Causing giddiness, as in “a giddy height” [vid. DIZZY]. || Thoughtless, levis : levitate præditus (wanting steadiness of character) :mobilis (changeable; opposed to constans) :temerarius (rash) :indiligens :negligens (careless; opposed to diligens).Anybody is very giddy, est in aliquo magna levitas, temeritas, etc.
GIFT, donum :munus (a present [vid. a PRESENT] ; both also, general term of that which has been imparted to us by God, by nature, fortune, etc., with or without quasi prefixed) :stips :beneficium (a gift to a poor man ; a tender, liberal gift = to beg for a gift from anyone, stipem emendicare ab aliquo, Suetonius, Oct., 91) :dos (that which is imparted to us by nature or by fortune ; especially in plural, dotes) :ingenium : facultas (natural parts or talents for anything ; opposed to ars, acquired talent).Gifts of nature, naturæ munera (i. e., natural parts or talents ; to possess such, naturæ muneribus ornatum esse) :gifts of nature and of fortune, naturæ fortunæque dotes ; bona, quæ alicui natura et fortuna data sunt :natural gifts, naturale quoddam bonum (vid. Nepos, Thras., 1, 3) :to possess distinguished gifts of mind and heart, * ingenii animique dotibus excellere :to possess in an eminent degree all the gifts of a statesman and general, omnibus belli ac togæ dotibus eminentissimum esse :to possess the gift of being able to make
one’s self beloved by every one, ars ad conciliandos animos alicui est or inest (Livius, 28, 18, med.) :to possess it abundantly, ingenium or ars ad promerendam omnium voluntatem alicui superest (Suetonius, Tit., 1, in.) :to possess dexterity in everything as a natural gift, alicui inest ad omnia naturalis ingenii dexteritas (Livius, 28, 18, med.) :to possess the gift of eloquence, bene dicere.
GIFTED (with anything), præditus :instructus :Richly gifted with anything, abunde auctus ornatusque aliqua re. Vid. ENDOWED (under ENDOW). || ABSOL., ingeniosus : ingenio præstans :ingenio summo :elati ingenii : præclaris animi dotibus instructus.To be highly gifted, ingenio valere, abundare ; longe plurimum ingenio valere beatissima ingenii ubertate esse.
GIG, birota, æ (sc. rheda ; Code Theodosius, 6, 29, 2, etc.) :vehiculum birotum (general term, Non.) cisium (which was “vehiculi biroti genus,” Non., 86, 30).To drive to town very fast in a gig, cisio celeriter ad urbem advehi (Cicero).
GIGANTIC, qui humanam magnitudinem excedit (vid. Curtius, 8, 14, 13) :major quam pro humano habitu (vid. Livius, 8, 6) = colossal ; Vid. Gigantic stature, magnitudo eximia :a form of gigantic stature, forma, quæ humanam magnitudinem excessit ; or major, quam pro humano habitu :a gigantic work, moles :a gigantic building, ædificii moles.
GIGGLE, v., sensim atque summissim ridere (Gellius 17, 8, § 7). [Vid. To LAUGH.]Perhaps * risum singultantium modo ejicere (after Quintilianus, 10, 7, 10 ; not furtim cachinnare, which Gellius gives after Lucretius, 4, 1172 ; for the whole passage is famulæ longe fugitant, furtimque cachinnant ; so that they laughed loudly, but where they could do it secretly).
GIGGLE, s., * risus furtim erumpens, et singultantium modo ejectus ( singultantium modo ejectus, Quintilianus, 10, 7, 10).
GILD, v., inaurare (general term for covering with gold ; also, extrinsecus inaurare ; e. g., statuam ; also of garments, palla, vestis) :aurum illinere alicui rei, or auro illinere aliquid (to wash with gold ; e. g., marmori) :aurum inducere alicui rei, or auro inducere aliquid (to plate with gold).Gilted, auratus ; inauratus ; extrinsecus inauratus (e. g., statua, Cicero ; opposed to solida).
GILDER, inaurator (late).
GILDING, auratura (as thing ; Quintilianus, 8, 6, 28, ed. Spald.) ; or by circumlocution with verbs under GILD.
GILL, || Measure = ¼ of a pint :the nearest Latin measure is quartarius (= ¼ of a sextarius, or 2477 of a pint). || A plant (the ground ivy), * glechoma hederacea (Linnæus).
GILLIFLOWER,Clove gilliflower, * dianthus caryophyllus (Linnæus) :stock gilliflower, * cheiranthus (Linnæus) :queen’s gilliflower, hesperis (Plinius, Linnæus).
GILLS, branchiæ (= τὰ βράγχια, Plinius, 9, 7, 6, etc.).
GILT-HEAD (a fish), many species of the sparus (Plinius) :* sparus aurata (Linnæus).
GIMLET, terebra.κυρικιμασαηικο
GIN, || Snare, laqueus :tendicula (Cicero, only figuratively) :pedlca [SYN. iw TRAP]. || The spirituous liquor, * vinum e junipero factum or junipero expressum (Plinius calls all such spirits from dates, etc., vinum, 6, 26, 32, etc.).
GINGER, zingiberi (indeclinable neuter) :zingiber or zingiberis : * amocum zingiber (Linnæus).
GINGERBREAD, * libum zingibere conditum, or libum (general term), or crustula, * rum.
GINGERLY :Vid. NICELY, CAUTIOUSLY.
GINGLE, v. and s., Vid. JINGLE.
GINGLING,Vid. JINGLING.
GIPSY, * Cingarus ; f. * Cingara.The gipsy language, Cingarorum lingua.
GIRAFFE, camelopardalis (καμηλοπάρδαλις) :* cervus camelopardalis (Linnæus).
GIRD, cingere (general term, zona, gladio, etc.) :incingere (mostly poetical, incingi zona, Ovidius) :succingere (gird up).To gird one’s self, cingi, or succingi, or accingi (e. g., with a sword, gladio or ferro) :to gird one’s self up (i. e., prepare) for anything, accingi ad aliquid :high-girt, alte cinctus (Horatius, Sat., 2, 8, 10 ; for which alticinctus, Phædrus, 2, 5, 11) :altius præcinctus (Horatius, Sat., 2, 5, 6 ; Petronius, 19, 4) :GIRD on a sword, succingere aliquem gladio (another) ; gladio se cingere ; gladio accingi (one’s self).
GIRDER (in building), trabs (principal beam).The girders, trabes perpetuæ (running through the whole building).
GIRDLE, cingulum :zona (the former as a pure Latin word ; the latter borrowed from the Greek ; zona includes also the finely-worked girdle of ladies) :cinctura (cincture, very rare ; Suetonius, Quintilianus : to wear a rather loose girdle, cingi fluxiore cinctura, Suetonius).
GIRDLE, v., Vid. To GIRD.
GIRDLER, s., zonarius (girdle-maker, Cicero).
GIRL, puella :virgo (as unmarried).A little girl, puellula ; virguncula ; parvula puella (Terentianus) :a grown-up girl, puella adulta ; virgo :a girls’ school, * institutum, quo puellæ aluntur educanturque, or *schola puellarum. || Ma id-servant, puella :famula (serving-maid) :ancilla (house-maid) :cubicularia (Inscript. ; chamber-maid).
GIRLISH, puellaris : virginalis.Girlish shame or modesty, verecundia virginalis :he has a girlish look, puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (Ovidius, Met., 6, 631) :to grow girlish, puellascere (Varro).
GIRLISHLY, puellariter.
GIRTH, s., cingulum :cingula (the former of the belt or girdle of a man ; e. g., of a warrior ; the latter of the girth of a horse, as Ovidius, Rem., 236 ; cf. Serv., Vergilius, Æn., 9, 360) :balteus (a sword-belt ; τελαμών). || Compass, circumference, vid.
GIRTH, v., cingere.
GIVE, dare (our “to give” in the widest acceptation of the word ; hence = to grant, impart, allow, permit, present, offer, yield from itself, etc. ; also as a mathematical technical term :a given line, data linea, Quintilianus, 1, 10, 3) :reddere (to give back, return ; i. e., both to give up, e. g., a letter to anybody, and to give forth ; e. g., a tone) :tradere (to give up, give over, give into the hand) :offerre (to offer to give without demand) :porrigere (to stretch out, that the person receiving may take it) :præbere (to hold toward, to extend ; both denote the incomplete action of giving) :tribuere (as the end of the action) :impertire (to cause to take part, to impart) :donare : dono dare (to present) :solvere : persolvere :pendere (to pay) :apponere (lo set on the table a dish, wine, etc.) :afferre (to bring in addition ; e. g., ornatum orationi) :efficere (to bring forth, yield ; e. g., ager efficit cum octavo ; then as a technical term of arithmetic, our “to make”) :esse : fieri (as an arithmetical technical term ; vid. To “MAKE, in arithmetic, ” for examples of efficere, esse, and fieri) :How much have you given for it ? quanti rem emisti? how much do you give for your board, your lodging, your tuition? quanti cœnas, habitas, doceris? to give a daughter in marriage to anybody, dare alicui aliquam uxorem, or nuptum, or in matrimonium :to give to another, tradere aliquam alii :to give forth, edere, mittere, emittere (e. g., a sound, scent, etc.) ; reddere (to return a sound, of a string which is touched) ; remittere (to suffer to proceed from itself ; e. g., a tone, of a string ; juice, etc., of fruit when pressed).It is not given to man, homini non datum, non concessum est :a thing that is not ours to give, * res, quæ non est nostri arbitrii :give me leave to, etc., da mihi followed by an accusative with infinitive (or, after the Greek manner, with a dative and infinitive ; vid. Schmid. Hor., Ep., 1, 16, 61) :to give anything up for lost, desperare de re :to give little for a thing (i. e., to value lightly), aliquid negligere, parum curare :to give nothing for anything (i. e., to disregard it), aliquid contemnere, spernere, nihili putare :what would I give ! quidnam darem ! to give anything for it, aliquid quantivis facere, æstimare ; quovis pretio aliquid redimere velle :to give one’s self up [vid. To SURRERNDER] :to give up, manus dare (to admit one’s self to be conquered, to yield ; vid. Herz, Cæsar, B.
G., 5, 31) :cedere (to give way) :to give rise to [vid. “to be the SOURCE of”]. To give one’s self to, etc. [vid. To DEVOTE] :to give medicine to a patient, adhibere medicinam ægroto. MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES. To give anybody a blow, plagam alicui imponere, infligere, injicere (not dare) :to give anybody permission, facere alicui potestatem (not dare) :to give a vote, suffragium ferre or inire ; sentence, an opinion, sententiam dicere or ferre :to give a party, dinner-party, facere cœnam (not dare) :to give anybody a subject to work on, ponere or proponere (not dare) alicui rem tractandam :to give a person a letter (of the bearer), reddere alicui epistolam or literas (seldom dare, which is the act of the writer giving it to the tabellarius.Even Cicero, however, once uses dedit, not reddidit, of the bearer ; Att., 5, 4, 1) :to give a person to drink, dare alicui bibere or potui :to give laws, leges scribere, constituere, condere (but leges dare is classical ; e. g., leges damus liberis populis, Cicero, Legg., 3, 2, 4) :a circumstance gives anybody his name, aliquid facit nomen, cognomen alicui (Livius) :to give rise to a suspicion, facere suspicionem :to give pain to anybody, facere dolorem alicui :to give battle to anybody, prœlium committere cum aliquo :to give anybody no time to breathe, aliquem respirare non sinere (improperly) :to give anybody trouble, negotium alicui facessere (Cicero), facere (Quintilianus, 5, 12, 13) :to give signals by beacons, facere significationem ignibus (Cæsar) :given (e. g., under my hand such a day or at such a place), datum or scriptum :given under my hand on the day of our march from Astura, hæc scripsi proficiscens Astura (Cicero).To
give in charge, alicui aliquid custodiendum or servandum dare ; deponere aliquid apud aliquem (as a deposit). Cf., For phrases not found here, as GIVE BATTLE, PLACE, A KISS, THANKS, etc., vid. the SUBST., ADV., or ADJ., with which “give” is used.
GIVE, INTRANS., To yield to pressure, solvi (to be loosened) :cedere (to yield) :The sand ” give’s under the feet, ” sabulum vestigio cedit :not to give, resistere alicui rei (e. g., corpori ; of a hard-stuffed mattress).|| To yield, ground (before an enemy), pedem referre. || To become less or less intense, remittere : remitti (the proper word ;of rain, fever, pain, etc.) :minuere (cf. Herz., Cæsar, B.
G., 3, 12) :minui (to lessen) :defervescere (to cool ; of heat, passion, etc.) :residere (to settle ; of stormy passion, etc.) :The frost is giving, glacies tepefacta mollitur.
GIVE A HEARING, aures alicui dare or dedere (Cf., not audientiam alicui præstare). Vid. AUDIENCE. GIVE IN [vid. YIELD], cedere :concedere (to yield) :manus dare (to confess one’s self conquered) :alicui morem gerere, alicui obsequi (to yield to his will or humor).To give in to anybody’s prayers, alicujus precibus cedere, locum dare or locum relinquere, alicui roganti obsequi ; to anybody’s wishes, alicujus voluntati morem gerere, obsequi ; alicui indulgere :not to give in, in sententia sua, perstare or perseverare (of an opinion).
GIVE IN ONE’S NAME, nomen dare :as a candidate for an office, nomen profited :to the prætor, apud prætorem ; also, simply profiteri apud prætorem.
GIVE OUT, (α) Distribute, vid. (β) Emit sounds, etc. [vid. under GIVE].(γ) To profess, to pretend, vid.
GIVE OVER,To give anybody over, desperare aliquem, or salutem alicujus, or de salute alicujus :anybody gives himself over, sibi ipse desperat :to give over a patient, * desperare salutem ægri (salus ægri, Cicero, N. D., 3, 38, 91 ; and desperaresalutem, Ovidius, Pont., 3, 7, 23) :all the physicians give him over, omnes medici diffidunt :given over by his physician, a medico relictus or desertus (Celsus). || INTRANS.; vid. To CEASE, INTRANS.
GIVE UP, (α) To surrender, vid. (β) To resign, desist from, vid. To give up all hope, spem abjicere ; about anything, desperare aliquid or de aliqua re ; anybody’s cause, aliquem deserere ; causam alicujus deponere ; a causa alicujus recedere.(γ) To lay down an office, abdicare munus or (more commonly) se munere ; abire (magistrate or honore) ; abscedere munere (Cicero, Fam., 9, 3) ; magistratum deponere.(δ) To give up the ghost, [vid.
GHOST.] (ε) To give one’s self up to, vid. to DEVOTE (one’s self to).
GIVE VENT,Vid. VENT.
GIVE AWAY,[Vid. To GIVE IN.]To give way to tears, lacrimis indulgere (Ovidius, Met., 9, 142).
GIVER, auctor doni or muneris (Cf., donator and dator are not classical).Giver and receiver, dans et accipiens ; tribuens et accipiens.
GIZZARD, (avium) ventriculus.
GLACIER, * moles nivium frigoribus conglaciata.
GLACIS, * declivitas valli exterior.
GLAD, lætus (the proper word, joyfully excited) :hilarus : hilaris (cheerful, gay, merry ; both of persons and their spirits ; figuratively, of things, as gestures, face, a day) :alacer (lively, ready for an undertaking).To be glad, lætum, alacrem et lætum, hilarum esse :to be glad at anything, lætari aliqua re :to be very glad, lætitia se efferre ; gaudio perfusum esse ; at anything, a re (vid. Livius, 30, 16, in.) :to make or render glad, hilarem facere aliquem (general term) ; aliquem or alicujus animum exhilarare, ad lætitiam excitare (of things).I was far from glad to see the handwriting of Alexis, Alexidis manum non amabam (Cicero, Att., 7, 2, p. in.).
GLAD, GLADDEN, hilarare :exhilarare :hilarem facere (to cheer up) :lætificare :lætitia afficere :lætitia et voluptate afficere :lætitiam alicui afferre or offerre (to fill with joy).To gladden anybody with anything, oblectare aliquem aliqua re (to delight).
GLADFULNESS, GLADNESS, lætitia : hilaritas (cheerfulness) :animus lætus or hilaris (a glad, cheerful mind) :alacritas :animus alacer (especially the glad mind which one shows in anything).To cause or excite gladness, hilaritatem excitare.
GLADIATOR, gladiator.Of or belonging to a gladiator, gladiatorius :to exhibit a show of gladiators, gladiatores dare (Terentianus, Cicero), edere (Suetonius) :a company of gladiators, gladiatoria familia (Cicero, Cæsar) :to have the strength and health of a gladiator, gladiatoria esse totius corporis firmitate (Cicero) :the pay of a gladiator, gladiatorium (sc. præmium) :auctoramentum.
GLADIATORIAL, gladiatorius.
GLADLY, cupide (properly, with desire, of internal impulse) :libenter :animo libenti :animo libenti proclivoque : non invito animo (willingly). (The words are found in this connection and order.) cupide et libenter : animo prompto paratoque (readily) :haud gravate (without making any difficulties) :sine recusatione : haud repugnanter (without refusing) :facile (easily, without difficulty). Cf., Instead of adverb, the Latins also, frequently use an adjective, agreeing with the person who does anything willingly ; as, volens, libens or lubens, non invitus.Or they use a circumlocution with velle (opposed to nolle) or with non…nolle ; as, teachers give cakes to children that they may gladly learn their alphabet, doctores pueris dant crustula, ut prima elementa velint discere (Horatius, Sat., 1, 1, 25) :he gladly obeyed, non parere noluit (Nepos, Alcib., 4, 3) :not gladly, invito animo ; gravate ; or, nolens ; invitus :very gladly, libentissime ; libentissimo animo :to obey gladly, libenti animo parere :a person gladly believes what he wishes, libenter id homines, quod volunt, credunt :to suffer anything gladly, facile pati aliquid :I would gladly see or hear, videndi or audiendi cupiditate flagro :gladly would I see it, velim, vellem (with this difference, that the present expresses rather internal urgency or necessity ; the imperfect a conditionally = if it were but possible).
GLADSOME,Vid.
GLAD.
GLAIR,Vid. “the white of an EGG.”
GLANCE, s., || Sudden shoot of splendor, fulgur.To emit glances, coruscare (vid. Döderlein, Syn. 2, 81).|| Darting of sight, aspectus : (oculorum) obtutus :to exchange stolen glances, furtim inter se aspicere :to throw a rapid glance on any subject, aliquid leviter transire, ac tantummodo perstringere ; celeriter perstringere aliquid ; breviter perstringere aliquid atque attingere (Cicero) :aliquid quasi per transennam præteriens strictim aspicio (Cicero, De Or. 1, 35, 162).A single glance, unus conspectus or aspectus :to place anything so that it may be taken in at a single glance, aliquid in uno conspectu ponere ; aliquid sub unura aspectum subjicere :at the first glance, primo aspectu ; prima specie (according to its first appearance) ; uno aspectu et quasi præteriens (improperly ; e. g., to pass judgement on any object of art, etc., at the first glance) ; ex prima statim fronte (e. g., dijudicare aliquid, Quintilianus, with reference to the mere outside, as it were).
GLANCE, v., || Shoot rays of light, etc., coruscare : micare (to glance rapidly). || Dart the eyes at. To glance at anybody or anything, oculos in aliquid conjicere :oculos or os in aliquem conjicere :aspectum or oculos aliquo convertere :oculis videre, lustrare, perlustrare, or obire aliquid. || To touch superficially, stringere :præstringere. The bullet struck his side and glanced off, * glans latus ejus strinxit :the lightning struck his couch and glanced off, lecticam ejus fulgur præstrinxit. || To take a hasty view (of a book, etc.) [vid. “to take a hasty GLANCE,” “to go through anything CURSORILY”]. || To glance at anybody (= to allude to him indirectly, in the way of reproach), perstringere aliquem :oblique perstringere aliquem (indirectly) :designare aliquem (oratione sua) :spectare or respicere aliquid.
GLANCINGLY, strictim.
GLAND, glandula (Celsus, 4, 1 ; also, “swelled gland,” Celsus 2, 1, properly fin.). Glands swell, glandulæ intumescunt (ib.) :full of glands, glandulosus.
GLANDERS (a disease of horses), perhaps panus (vid. Latin Dict.).
GLANDULAR, by circumlocution, Glandular swelling, glandulæ (Celsus 2, 1, prop. fin.).
GLANDULE, glandula.
GLARE, v. || To shine overpoweringly with dazzling light, fulgere (to shine with a glaring, fiery light, Döderlein = φλέγω) :coruscare (to glare with rays of light rapidly emitted, like forked lightning) :micare (to sparkle, like metal placed in the sun) :rutilare (to glare with red flames) :radiare (to dart fiery rays, like the sun).|| To look fiercely (as with eyes of flame), scintillare (to emit, as it were, sparks ; e. g., oculi scintillant) :ardere (to glow. His eyes glared out of his mask, ex persona ardebant oculi) :fulminare oculis († Propertius, 4, 8, 55 ; cf. oculis pupula duplex fulminat, Ovidius, Am., 1, 8, 16) :fulgere radiareque (Plinius, of a cat’s eyes in the dark : Cicero, poet., has also ex oculis trucibus duo fervida lumina fulgent, N. D., 2, 42, 107).His eyes glare, ex oculis micat acribus ardor († Lucretius, 3, 290) ; oculis micat acribus ignis († Vergilius, Æn., 12, 102) :you see how his eyes glare, cernis, oculis qui fulgurat ignis († Silius, 12, 723) :glaring eyes, oculi fulgore micantes (Ovidius), or by oculi torvi, truces, minaces, etc. :he could not support the fierce look and glaring eyes of his adversary, vultum hostis ardore animi micantem ferre non potuit (Livius, 6, 13). || IMPROPR., To glare in anything (e. g., in purple), fulgere purpura (Cicero).
GLARE, s., fulgor (properly and improperly, of lightning, metallic objects, dress, etc.) :ardor
(e. g., vultus, oculorum) :fulgur (in this sense poetical and very rare).
GLARING, || Of eyes, et. [Vid. To GLARE.] || Clear, notorious, etc. (of faults, crimes, etc.), manifestus (e. g., peccatum) :apertus ac manifestus (e. g., scelus) :flagrans (still, as it were, warm ; hence “manifest,” “recent, ” etc., of crimes, post-Augustan, Tacitus).Of faults (= blunders), magnus is often used.Three glaring faults, tria magna peccata.Your ” Idus Martii ” contains a glaring fault, Idus Martii magnum mendum continent.
GLASS, || (1) A mass of glass, vitrum (Cf., on the origin and manufacture of glass among the ancients ; vid. Plinius, 36, 26, 65, sq.) :clear and pure glass, vitrum purum :white glass, vitrum candidum :transparent glass, vitrum murrhinum :to make glass, vitrum fundere :to color glass, vitrum tingere :to blow glass, vitrum flatu figurare ; vitrum spiritu formare in plurimos habitus (Seneca, Ep., 90, 31) :to grind or polish glass, vitrum torno terere (to turn in a lathe) :vitrum cælare (to cut it into half-raised figures, etc.) :to paint upon glass, vitrum coloribus pingere ac picturam inurere (after Plinius, 35, 11, 41) :to drink out of glass (i. e., out of a glass vessel, not a porcelain etc., one), vitro potare (Martisalis, 4, 86). || (2) Something made of glass ;(a) a vessel, vas vitreum, also simply vitreum (any glass vessel) :calix vitreus (a glass bowl, Plinius, 36, 26, 66, extr.) :a glass with half-raised work, vitri toreuma, atis, neuter (Martisalis, 14, 94) :(b) an eye-glass, * vitrum opticum :(to seek) by means of a glass, * oculo armato or oculis armatis (i. e., with armed eye or eyes) :to see as through a glass darkly, quasi per transennam (strictim) prætereuntes aspicere (but this is of a hasty and so imperfect glance), (c) a burning-glass, * vitrum causticum. || A wine glass, * caliculus vitreus :to drink a glass of wine, vinum bibere :over a glass of wine, inter scyphos or pocula ; ad vinum :to take a glass too much, plus paullo adhibere (comedy) :
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to have taken a glass too much, vino gravem esse ; ex vino vacillare ; plus paullo adbibisse (comedy). || Painter on glass, vitrum coloribus pingendi ac picturam inurendi artifex (after Plinius, 35, 11, 41). || Painting on glass, ars vitrum coloribus pingendi ac picturam inurendi (the art of painting on glass ; after Plinius, 35, 11, 41 ; but ars vitrum tingendi is = the art of glass-staining) :* vitri pictura (a painting on glass).