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FINGER, v. , tangere, tentare, both with or without digitis : tactu explorare (both for the sake of investigating) : attrectare : contrectare : pertrectare, also with addition of manibus.
FINGER-POST, * pila itineris index. || IMPROPR. , To serve as a finger-post, non ipsum ducem esse, sed commonstrare viam, et, ut dici, solet, digitum (ad fontes) intendere (the substantive with ad must be chosen according to the meaning ; Cicero, De Or. , 1, 46, 203).
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FINICAL, putidus (affected, especially in speaking) : quæsitus (not natural, but studied) : ascitus (not natural, but borrowed from others) : ineptus (not natural, but produced by constraint). Vid. AFFFECTED. FINICALLY (e. g. , to speak finically), inepte : putide : mollius (e. g. , incedere).
FINICALNESS, affectatio (the desire of saying or writing anything conspicuously, or to render one’s self conspicuous ; Silver Age ; vid. Bremi, Suetonius, Tiberius, 70) : ineptiæ (in one’s comportment) : * putida elegantia (in writing).
FINISH, TRANS. , finire : terminare (denote the mere ending without reference to how far the object of the action has been attained ; finire, opposed to incipere ; terminare, opposed to continuare) : consummare : absolvere : perficere (denote the completing a work, the bringing it to a proper and satisfactory end ; consummare, as the most general term, opposed to leaving it half finished ; absolvere, opposed to inchoare, denotes a duty fulfilled, a difficult task ended, so that the person is now free ; perficere, opposed to conari, refers to an object attained ; to a task of one’s own choice, which may now be considered perfectly accomplished, etc. ) : conficere (to finish anything made up of several actions ; e. g. , bellum) : finem alicui rei afferre : aliquid ad finem adducere or perducere (to bring anything to a conclusion) : aliquid transigere (to conclude or settle some business) : aliquid profligare (to despatch it, with a single stroke as it were) : efficere (to bring about, to effect, if the final object has been obtained ; libri ad Varronem sunt effecti, Cicero) : exsequi (to execute according to prescription, order ; e. g. , officium, alicujus mandata) : peragere (to carry through, if the business required constant activity to the end ; e. g. , fabulam, consulatum) : potrare (to present something as actually effected, completed, when the author and effect are clearly seen ; e. g. , cædem, bellum, incepta) : perpetrare (to bring about completely, with reference to publicity ; non creditur, nisi perpetratum, facinus, Livius). Cf. , It is but seldom that Cicero and Cæsar use finire aliquid, except in the sense of putting a limit to anything, defining anything, etc. : to finish a letter, epistolam concludes ; a war, bellum conficere, perficere or comprimere, but also finire. Again, finire cannot well stand intransitively, or rather absolutely, without object expressed : to give anything the finishing stroke, aliquid absolvere or perficere ; perpolire atque conficere: extremam or summam manum imponere alicui rei (Vergilius, Æn. , 7, 537 ; Seneca, Ep. , 12, 4 ; Quintilianus, proœm. , 4). [Vid. To END, COMPLETE. ] || Finished, absolutus : perfectus (absolutely, is extensive, referring to the completeness of the work ; perfectus, intensive, referring to its excellence) : Vid. End, INTRANS.
FINISH,
FINISHING, absolutio : perfectio : absolutio perfectioque (the highest degree of perfection).
FINITE, finitus : circumscriptus (limited) : non æternus : interiturus (not eternal or everlasting). Not finite, non finitus : interminatus.
FINITELESS, infinitus (without limits) : immensus (immensurable).
FIR, abies ; abietis arbor : firs, abietis arbores : the top or crown of a fir, sapinus ; the lower part, fusterna : made of the fir-tree, abiegnus : a wood of fir-trees, lucus abietis arboribus septus : fir wood, or wood of the fir-tree, lignum abiegnum : a forest of fir-trees, * silva abietum : the cone of the fir tribe, nucamentum squamatim compactum ; also abietis nucamentum (Plinius, 16, 10, 19).
FIRE, v. || To set fire to, ignem inferre, injicere or subjicere (e. g. , ædibus) : initium incendii facere (to begin the burning of a town). || IMPROPR. , To shoot off or at, etc. To fire a gun, * tormentum (-a) mittere, emittere (of artillery, etc. ) ; * tela mittere (Not sclopetum explodere or displodere). To fire at anybody, ictum sclopeto mittere in aliquem ; (of several) tela conjicere in aliquem ; at anything, tormenta in aliquid adigere (Cæsar, B, C, 3, 52) : to expose men, etc. , to be fired upon, sub ictum dare (Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 39, 6) : to stand to be fired upon, ad omnes expositum ictus stare ; sub ictu esse (Seneca, ad Marc. , 9, 2 and 3).
FIRE, s. || PROPR. , ignis (any fire, πῦρ, as element, in the animal body, etc. ; also watch-fire, conflagration) : flamma (any fire that gives a flame or blaze ; then the flame itself, φλόξ ) : ardor (glowing heat, etc. ) : scintillæ (the sparks struck from a flint, etc. ) : incendium (conflagration, πυρκαϊά). Τo catch fire, ignem (flammam) concipere ; ignem comprehendere ; scintillas excipere (of tinder ; vid. Plinius, 36, 19, 30) : anything that is easily set on fire, concipiendo igni aptus ; concipiendis ignibus idoneus ; easily, ignis capacissimus (properly) ; facilis ad exardescendum (properly and tropically, to be easily made angry) to strike fire (e. g. , with a flint), ignem elicere e silice ; ignem silici excudere (with flint and steel) ; lapidum tritu elicere ignem (by the attrition of two stones, Greek τὰ πυρεῖα συντρίβειν, Cicero, N. D. , 2, 9, extr. ) : to light the fire again, ignem reficere : to blow the fire, admoto folle ignem flatu accendere (Curtius, 4, 2, 13) : to keep up the fire, or put fuel on the fire, ignem alere ; igni alimenta dare : to set fire to anything, ignem admovere, subdere, subjicere alicui rei : to set (anything) on the fire, ad ignem apponere (vid. Plautus, Men. , 2, 2, 55) : to place or seat one’s self by the fire, to warm one’s self, admoto igne refovere artus : to spit fire, eructare flammas (Justinus, 4, 1, 4) : to be on fire, ardere (to burn) ; flagrare (to be in a blaze ; both with incendio, if the object was set on fire) : the sky seemed all on fire, cœlum plurimo igne ardere visum est ; cœlum omne flagrare videbatur : everything seemed on fire, or the whole seemed one (mass of) fire, omnia velut continenti flamma ardere visa : to destroy with fire and sword, ferro ignique (seldom igni ferroque) or ferro incendiisque vastare ; (entirely) pervastare : to be laid waste by fire and sword, ferro ignique or flamma ferroque absumi : to make or light a fire (i. e. , a watch-fire, etc. ), ignes facere (e. g. , in the camp ; in castris, Cicero, B. G. , 6, 29) : to call out “fire!” ignem conclamare (Seneca, De Ira, 3, 43, 3). A fire breaks out, sua sponte incendium oritur : a fire has broken out, ignis coortus est ; incendium factum est (if the fire was intentional) : a fire breaks out in several different quarters of the town at once, pluribus simul locis et iis diversis ignes cooriuntur : to set on fire, incendium facere, conflare, excitare, exsuscitare ; initium incendii facere (to be the first to set fire to a town ; vid. Velleius, 2, 74, 4) : the fire was the work of an incendiary, incendium humana fraude factum est : to set fire to the buildings, ignem inferre, or injicere, or subjicere ædibus ; ignem et materiam ædibus subdere : to take fire, to be consumed by it, igni or flammis comprehendi ; flammis corripi (to be reached by the fire, from the context, comprehendi only ; vid. Livius, 26, 27) ; ignem or flammas concipere : ignem comprehendere (to take fire) ; ignis occupat aliquid (the fire makes itself way to anything ; e. g. , to a house) : to be destroyed by fire, deflagrare, or conflagrare flammis, or incendio (to be burned down ; with incendio, if the fire was intentional) ; flammis absumi (to be destroyed by the flames). To put a fire out, ignem reprimere ; flammam opprimere ; incendium compescere (to check, to arrest it) : to put out a fire, to extinguish it entirely, incendium restinguere or exstinguere : the fire increases, incendium crescit (opposed to decreases, incendium decrescit) : to escape the fire, effugere ex incendio : a small fire, igniculus. The smell of fire, fœdus quidam nidor ex combustis or adustis rebus (Livius, 38, 7) : a slow fire, lentus ignis : to boil by or on a slow fire, coquere lento igne ; also, leniter decoquere ; lento vapore decoquere (Plinius, 24, 14, intr. ) : to keep or keep up a good fire, luculento camino uti (Cicero) ; * luculento foco uti : a stream of fire, ignium rivus (Plinius, 2, 106, 110) : the glow of fire, flammarum ardor (Lucretius, 5, 1092) ; flammæ fervidus ardor (ibid. , 1098) : a ball or globe of fire, globus (in the skies ; Cicero, De Div. , 1, 43, 97, in which passage the ” faces ” are mentioned separately) : a column of fire, columna ignea (Eccl. ) : damage sustained by fire, * damnum incendio factum, ex incendio acceptum : vomiting fire, flammas eructans (Justinus, 4, 1, 4 ; compare Plinius, 54, 10, 22, and 2, 103, 106, extr. ) ; ignes evomens (Silius, 17, 5, 98) : particles of fire, flammæ semen (Ovidius, Met. , 15, 347) : a signal made by a fire, ignium significatio : to give or make a signal by fire, ignibus facere significationem (e. g. , of distress ; Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 33) : as red as fire, igneo colore ; igneus (of a fiery color in general) ; flammeus : flammeolus (glowing red) ; rutilus (red as a blaze) : to become as red as fire (in one’s face) ; [vid. To BLUSH]. || PROV. , To be between two fires, lupum auribus tenere (Suetonius, Tib. , 25, Bremi) ; anceps malum urget (Livius, 3, 28, 9) : a burned
child dreads the fire, cui dolet, meminit (Cicero, Mur. , 20, 42) ; * infans igni tactus cavet ab igni. || IMPROPR. , Glow, ignis (e. g. , of the eyes) : ardor (glow, the lightning of anything ; e. g. , of the look, the eyes, oculorum, vultuum) : the fire of passions, of love, etc. , ardor ; incendium (also of passions, with the accessory notion of destruction, consuming passion. Ignis, of the passion of love, is poetical only ; of the passion of hatred, or other violent excitement, it may be used figuratively in prose ; e. g. , huic ordini novum ignem subjicere, Cicero) : to be consumed by the fire of love, amoris flamma conflagrare. || Mental vivacity, vis : vigor (freshness, vivacity) [vid. VIGOR, ARDOR] : the fire is gone, consedit ardor animi : to be without fire, tepere ; languere ; frigere (of an orator, etc. ) : the fire of youth, juvenilis ardor ; ardor ætatis : natural fire and spirit, quædam animi incitatio atque alacritas naturaliter innata : the fire of a poet, impetus divinus ; calore poeticus (†) : of an orator, vis, calor, concitatio dicentis ; calor et vehementia ; oratoris impetus ; ardor dicendi. || Volley, etc. ; to be exposed to the fire, ad omnes expositum ictus stare, sub ictu esse (Seneca, ad Marc. , 9, 2 and 3) : not to be exposed to the fire, extra teli jactum or conjectum esse (after Curtius, 3, 20, 1, and Petronius, 90) ; extra teli jactum stare (Curtius 5, 3, 17) ; jactu teli procul abesse (ib. , 4, 3, 8) : to get or come into the fire, sub ictum dari (Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 39, 6) ; ad teli conjectum venire (after Livius, 2, 31). To be between two fires, anceps hostis et a fronte et a tergo urgebat.
FIRE-ARMS, * sclopetum (gun) : * bombarda ( blunderbuss).
FIRE-ASSURANCE, publicum periculum, quod est a vi flammæ in iis, quæ ab igni non tuta sunt (after Livius, 25, 3).
FIRE-BALL, globus (De Div. , 1, 43, 97).
FIRE-BRAND, titio (from τινθός, the fire-brand on the hearth) : torris (from torreo ; also, a burning piece of wood on the hearth, but especially of a funeral-pile, or altar, where it served for burning the corpses, or whatever was offered as a sacrifice) : titio ardens : torris vivus († when blazing) : titio and torris extinctus (when glimmering only, not blazing). || An incendiary, incendiarius (properly) : fax alicujus incendii : qui initium alicujus incendii fecit (both improperly ; the latter, Velleius, 2, 74, 4).
FIRE-BRIGADE, excubiæ nocturnæ vigilesque adversus incendia instituti (after Suetonius, Oct. , 30). Augustus introduced a fire-brigade, Augustus adversus incendia excubias nocturnas vigilesque commentus est (ib. ) : he removed single cohorts to Puteoli and Ostia, to serve as a fire-brigade, Puteolis et Ostiæ singulas cohortes ad arcendos incendiorum casus collocavit (Suetonius, Claud. , 25) : a superintendent of the fire-brigade, præfectus vigilum (properly ; the head of the night-watch or patrol, who was at the same time the chief of the fire-brigade).
FIRE- BUCKET, hama (according to Salmasius, in the shape of a boat ; vid. Plinius, Ep. , 10, 35 [42], 2) ; * siphonum receptaculum (the place where the engines are kept ; i. e. , the station of the fire-buckets).
FIRE-ENGINE, sipho (vid. Plinius, Ep. , 16, 35 [42], 2). Cf. , The various machines or instruments used by the ancients at a fire were the following : the sipho, as above ; the hama (fire-bucket) ; the hamus (fire-hook) ; the dolabra (pike) ; cento (rags) ; the scalæ (ladder) ; scopæ (broom) ; besides this, acetum (vinegar, to soak the rags in). The engines, or instruments in general for the above purpose, instrumenta ad incendia compescenda, Plinius, Ep. , 10, 35 [42, 2] : subsidia reprimendis ignibus (according to Tacitus, Ann. , 15, 43, 4).
FIRE-LOCK,Vid. FIRE-ARMS.
FIRE-MAN, * siphonum magister (i. e. , the first man of the engine). Vid. also, FIRE-BRIGADE.
FIRE-PAN, foculus (for keeping dishes warm) : pultarius (cf. Pallad. , 7, 2) : thuribulum (for burning incense) : Cf. , batillum is = coal- or fire-shovel, which was sometimes also used instead of a FIRE-PAN. || On the lock of a gun, * receptaculum pulveris pyrii.
FIRE-PROOF, ignibus impervius (e. g. , stone ; Tacitus, Ann. , 15, 43, 3) : ignibus incorruptus (indestructible by fire ; e. g. , walls, Plinius, 35, 13, 48) : minime ignem sentiens : quod ab igni non læditur : ab igni tutus (that cannot be injured by fire ; e. g. , stones, wood, etc. ; Plinius, 37, 7, 25 ; Vitruvius, 2, 9, 16, and 2, 7, 2) : they (i. e. , stones) are fire-proof, neque tactus ignis potest nocere (Vitruvius, 2, 7, 3).
FIRE-SHIP, navis præparata ad incendium (Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 101) : navis bitumine et sulphure illita (Curtius, 4, 3, 2) : to send out fire-ships against the fleet of Pomponius, naves comptetas tæda et pice et stupa reliquisque rebus, quæ sunt ad incendia, in Pomponianam classem immittere (Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 101).
FIRE-SHOVEL, batillum. Vid. the remark in COAL-PAN.
FI RESIDE, focus : our fireside, focus patrius ; domus patria (speaking of one’s country) : to return to one’s own fireside, focum suum or larem suum repetere : ad larem suum redire (since the lar, or house-god, stood by the fireside) : there is nothing like one’s own fireside, * foci proprii fumus, alieno igne luculentior : a small fireside, foculus : to fight for one’s own fireside, pro aris et focis pugnare ; pro tectis mœnibusque dimicare.
FIRE-STONE, pyrites, a particular sort of which was called lapis vivus, used for striking a light (vid. Plinius, 36, 19, 30 ; Gratii Cyneg. , 404).
FIRE-TONGS, forpex (Cato, R. R. , 10, 3 ; Suetonius, Oct. 75).
FIRE-WOOD, lignum : ligna, orum (opposed to materia or materies, i. e. , timber) : cremia, orum (dry sticks, Columella, 12, 19, 3 ; Plinius, 12, 19, 42) : igniaria, orum (wood, used to light a fire with) : ignis alimentum (to keep up the fire with).
FIRE-WORK,
FIRE-WORKS, * ignes artificiosi ; * ignes festi : to set off fire-works, ignes festos succendere (after Statius, Silv. , 4, 18, 37). A maker of fire-works, * pyrotechnus : the art of making fire-works, * ars pyrobolaria.
FIRE-WORSHIPPER, e. g. , to be a fire-worshipper, * ignem pro Deo venerari : they are mostly (or most of them are) fire-worshippers, in superstitionibus atque cura deorum præcipue igni veneratio est (after Justinus, 41, 3, 6) :
FIRING,Vid. FIRE-WOOD.
FIRKIN, doliolum.
FIRM, adjective, firmus (that will resist external impressions, dissolution, destruction, etc. ; hence, also, “steadfast;” opposed to labans, vacillans, and, for want of a suitable adjective, to imbecillus) : stabilis (that can stand firm, or upon which one may stand firm) ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) stabilis et firmus ; firmus stabilisque : constans (remaining the same, not changeable ; like the course of the heavenly bodies, etc. All three, also, tropical for invariable, steadfast) : offirmatus (improperly ; obstinate, inflexible) : solidus (solid, etc. ; properly ; e. g. , corpora, terra) : duraturus (likely to last ; of bodily things only). To stand firm, * immotum stare ; or stare only ; opposed to cadere or corruere : firm courage, animus firmus : to be firm, stare animo (of one person) ; stare animis (of several) : to remain firm, stare (in) aliqua re (e. g. , in one’s opinion, in sententia) ; da gradu non dejici (not to be confounded, lose one’s presence of mind, etc. Cicero) ; in anything, perseverare in re ; firm and lasting friendship, amicitia firma et perpetua : a firm friend, amicus firmus, stabilis, constans, certus ; firmus amicus ac fidelis (Cicero) : to use firm language, oratione uti stabili ac non mutata : firm allies, socii fideles (Cicero) ; socii boni ac fideles, or boni fideles (both Livius) : a firm hand, manus strenua or stabilis (steady ; Celsus ; Cf. , not manus firma). Cf. , Terra firma should be terra continens. With a firm unshaken mind, stabili et firmo animo : a firm mind, animus obstinatus : a man of firm principles, homo constans : a firm resolution, consilium certum : to have a firm conviction of anything, de aliqua re sibi persuasisse.
FIRM, v. , Vid. CONFIRM, To FIX.
FIRMAMENT, cœlum (poetical ; cœli palatium, Ennius in Cicero, N. D. , 2, 18, 49) : firmamentum (in this meaning, is ecclesiastical only).
FIRMAMENTAL, cœlestis.
FIRMLY, || PROPR. , firme : firmiter : solide. || With constancy, stabili et firmo animo : constanter (e. g. , dolorem ferre) : æquo animo (e. g. , dolorem ferre) : firme (stiffly ; e. g. , firmissime asseverare). I am firmly convinced, persuasissimum mihi est : to be firmly convinced of anything, sibi persuasisse de re : to meet death firmly, fidenti animo ad mortem pergere : prompte necem subire (of a violent death ; vid. Tacitus, Ann. , 16, 10, 1) ; irrevocabili constantia ad mortem decurrere (of a suicide ; Plinius, Ep. , 3, 7, init. ).
FIRMNESS, firmitas (as visible quality ; e. g. , of a body, etc. ; then improperly, of character, that makes it apt to resist temptation) : firmitudo (as an innate and abiding quality ; then improperly, of mental firmness ; e. g. , firmitudo gravitasque animi) : soliditas (solidity, durability, e. g. , of a wall) : stabilitas (stability, of whatever stands fast and firm) : animi firmitudo (Cicero, Cæsar, Tacitus) : animi fortitudo : animus certus or confirmatus (resoluteness, mental firmness) : constantia (improperly ; consistency in one’s conduct, constancy) : perseverantia (improperly ; the firmness displayed by him who does not allow himself to be deterred from his resolutions). A noble firmness, libera contumacia (i. e. , noble defiance ; Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 29, 71) : to show a noble firmness, liberam contumaciam adhibere (ibid. ) : an inflexible firmness, irrevocabilis constantia (Plinius, Ep. , 3, 7, 2) : to proceed
in anything with firmness, constantiam adhibere alicui rei : to display great firmness in anything, fortissimum esse in re (e. g. , in causa suscepta, of an advocate) : you must retain your firmness, or show your firmness, retinenda est vobis constantia : with firmness, vid. FIRMLY.
FIRST, adjective, primus (so far as, in space or time, he makes his appearance first, and others follow him) : princeps (so far as he acts first, and others follow his example) : summus : maximus : præcipuus (Cf. , post-Augustan, principalis ; except in “first causes,” causæ principales ; opposed to secondary causes) : primarius (first in rank, dignity, or value). The first men in the state [vid. “CHIEF men. “] The first point, caput alicujus rei : summa alicujus rei : cardo alicujus rei (on which all turns ; Vergilius and Quintilianus) : momentum (ῥοπή, the critical, decisive point). It was ever his first care, ei semper maxima or antiquissima cura fuit : to make anything one’s first object, omne studium in aliqua re ponere. This is the first point, hoc caput est : hoc maximum or primum est. To fall in love at first sight, devenire or incidere in amorem uno aspectu (Auct. , ad Her. , 2, 20, 33). Nobody can fall in love at first sight, nemo potest uno aspectu neque præteriens in amorem devenire (ib. ).
For “in the first place, ” vid. FIRST, adv. Cf. , The three first, tres primi (e. g. , tribus primis diebus, Cæsar, B, C, 1, 18, which may help to banish the foolish notion that accuracy requires us to say “the first three”) : He considered that the first thing was, etc. , nihil prius faciendum putavit. Cf. , The Latins regarded as an apposition the closer definition, which in English, is expressed by a relative proposition, or by an infinitive. I was the first who did it, or the first to do it, primus feci. If only two are spoken of, the first is prior ; opposed to to the second, posterior ; or, if there be a reference to two subjects already named, ille (the second being expressed by hic). If first = earliest, ultimus is used ; ab ultima origine : the first ( = next) after anybody, proximus. If the first thing = the most important thing, summum or caput is used ; e. g. , the first step toward a happy life is, caput est ad bene vivendum : he considered that the first thing should be, nihil prius faciendum putavit. To be the first in anything, initium alicujus rei facere, capere, ducere (to do it first, to make a beginning) ; principem esse in re ; optimum, præstantissimum esse in aliquo genere ; alicujus rei principatum obtinere (to be the most excellent) : let us be neither first nor last, nec duces simus, nec agmen claudamus : each wishing to be the first (on the road), quum sibi quisque primum itineris locum peteret : to be the first of his class, classem ducere (Quintilianus, 1, 2, 28) : to be the first after the king, secundum imperii gradum tenere : I am the first (to get up) in the morning, and the last at night (in going to bed), primus cubitu surgo, postremus cubitum eo.
FIRST, adverb, || At first, primo (the general distinction between primo and primum is, that primo relates to time, primum to the order of occurrence ; so that primo =” at first, ” implying that a change took place afterwards, primum = “first, ” when followed by what was done afterwards, in the second, third, last place, etc. Though this distinction is not universal, it should be observed by Latin writers, with this exception, according to Zumpt and Hand, vol. iv. , p. 558 [against Haase], that when deinde or postea follows, Cicero usually places primum for ” at first”) : principio (at the beginning, originally ; jus augurum divinationis opinione principio constitutum est ; postea etc. , Cicero) : initio (at the outset ; redeo ad illud quod initio scripsi) : Cf. , primo may be followed by post, postea, deinde, inde, dehinc, tum, postremo, ad extremum, tandem, mox, nunc, jam [Hand, iv. , p. 558 ; Curtius has primo – sed jam]. || Before all others, primus (adjective, the first ; opposed to postremus) : prior (adjective, the first or foremost of two ; opposed to posterior) : in primis (before all others, first). Cf. , It would be incorrect, in this sense, to say primo : he must get up first, and go to bed last, primus cubitu surgat, postremus cubitum eat : whichever party first occupied this pass would have no trouble in keeping off the enemy, qui prior has angustias occupaverit, ab hoc hostem prohiberi nihil esse negotii : he first, or first of all, put Adherbal to death, then the rest, in pnmis Adherbalem necat, dein omnes. IN NUMERATIONS : primum.
First . . . then (or secondly, etc. ), primum – iterum or secundo – tertium (Cicero), tertio (Varro, R. R. ,3, 17, 2). The other forms of compound enumerations are thus given by Hand : (A) THREE MEMBERS. (1)CICERONIAN (including his correspondents, etc. ). Primum – deinde – novissime (Planc. ). Primum – post – tum. Primum – deinde – tum. Primum – deinde – deinde. Primum – deinde – postea. Primum – deinceps – deinceps. Primum – tum – denique. Primum – tum – post. Primum – tum – deinde. Primum – deinde – ad extremum. 2) NON-CICERONIAN : Primum – deinde – mox (Plinius). Primum – deinde – postremo (Livius, Tacitus). Primum – deinde – ad postremum (Livius). Primum – deinde – ad ultimum (Curtius). (B) FOUR MEMBERS. (1) CICERONIAN : Primum – deinde – tum – postremo. Primum – deinde – deinde – postremo. Primum – deinde – deinde – postea. Primum – deinde – præterea – denique. Primum – deinde – præterea – postremo. Primum – deinde – tum – post. Primum – deinde – deinde – deinde. Primum – tum – deinde – postremo. Primum – secundo loco – deinde – tum etiam. (2) NON- CICERONIAN. Primum – deinde – mox – tum (Columella). Primum – deinde – turn – postea (Celsus). Primum – mox – deinde – postremo (Plinius). (C) FIVE MEMBERS. (1) CICERONIAN : Primum – deinde – tum etiam – accedit – postremo. Primum – deinde – tum – post – ad extremum. Primum – deinceps – deinceps – deinde – tum. (2) NON-CICERONIAN. Primum – deinde – post – deinde – postremo (Livius). (D) FOR MORE THAN FIVE MEMBERS.
For six ; vid. Cicero, De Fin. , 5, 23, 65 , Tusc. , 1, 28, 68 ; De Inv. , 3, 50, 150 ; 1, 28, 43 ; 2, 13, 43.
For eight, Columella, 12, 3, 1.
For nine ; Cicero, De Inv. , 2, 27, 79. -Now first, now for the first time, nunc primum. Then first, tum primum (Livius, 9, 63).
First of all, omnium primum. In the first place, as in duty bound, I congratulate you, primum tibi, ut debeo, gratulor.
FIRST-BEGOTTEN, (of two) natu major ; (of several) natu maximus : Cf. , primogenitus and primum genitus do not belong to classic prose.
FIRST-BORN, vetustissimus liberorum (Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 2, 1) : stirpis maximus (the eldest of the family or stem).
FIRST-FRUITS, primitiæ frugum : (improperly) primitiæ.
FIRSTLINGS, primitiæ . * primum quidque.
FISC, fiscus.
FISCAL, fiscalis (Suetonius, Dom. , 9).
FISH, v. , piscari (if with a rod and line, hamo) ; also, pisces capere (if with a hook, hamo). || FIG. , To fish for compliments, laudem venari (Auct. , ad Her. , 4, 3, 5). To fish out anything, expiscari aliquid ; from anybody, ab aliquo : to fish in troubled waters (Prov. ), ex alienis incommodis sua commoda comparare (after Terentius, And. , 4, 1, 3), or ex alienis incommodis suam petere occasionem (after Livius, 4, 58).
FISH, s. ,piscis (also collectively, as in English ; e. g. pisce viventes, Plinius) : sea-fish, piscis maritimus : river-fish, or fresh-water fish, piscis fluviatilis : a common fish, plebeiæ cœnæ piscis : a small fish, pisciculus : very small fish. , minuti pisciculi : full of fish, plenus piscium (Cicero ; Verr. , 4, 53, 118) ; poetically, piscosus, pisculentus : like a fish, * pisci similis. To catch fish, pisces capere. To angle for fish, pisces hamo capere. Salt fish, salsamenta, plural. He always sent to Puteoli to buy fish for the table, semper in cœnam pisces Puteolos mittere emptum solebat (Varro, R. R. , 2, 17, 6). || The Fish (a constellation), Pisces.
FISH-BLADDER, vesica piscis.
FISH-BONE, spina piscis (Cicero, ap. Quint. , 8, 3, 66) : to take out the fish-bones, piscem exossare (culinary term).
FISHER,Vid. FISHERMAN
FISH-HOOK, hamus : hamulus piscarius (Plautus). A baited fish-hook, illitus cibo or cibis hamus (Plinius ; but improperly).
FISH-MARKET, forum piscarium or piscatorium.
FISHMONGER, qui pisces vendit or venditat (general term ; after Gellius, 15, 20 ; or Valerius, Max. , 3, 4, extr. 2) : cetarius (who deals in large sea-fish) : salsamentarius (who deals in salt fish). To be a fishmonger, pisces vendere or veuditare.
FISH-PICKLE, salsamentum : muria (salt-water to preserve fish in ; vid. commentators on Horatius, Sat. , 2, 4, 64) : garum (prepared with salt-water from the roe, etc. , of the garus, scomber, etc. ) : eliquamen salsamentorum (according to Columella, 9, 14, 3).
FISH-POND, piscina (general term) : piscium custodia (a reservoir in which to keep fish ready for dressing, when wanted) : piscium vivarium (a reservoir in which fishes were kept, either for pleasure or to breed) : piscina dulcis (of fresh water) : piscina salsa, or amara, or maritima (if near the sea) : cetarium : cetaria (if the pond was in junction or connection with the sea, whence the fishes entered into it, and were thus caught) : piscina loculata (a fish-pond with compartments in it for the different sorts of fish). To make a fish-pond, piscinam ædificare : to take a fish out of the fish-pond, piscem de piscina exceptare.
FISH-SAUCE, jus (general term).
FISH-SCALE, squama piscis.
FISH-SOUP, garum (made of the intestines of the most delicate fish, prepared with sea-water, a less delicious kind of which was the “allec” or alex).
FISH-WIFE, quæ pisces vendit or venditat (after Gellius, 15,
20 ; or Valerius, Max. , 3, 4, extr. 2).
FISHERMAN, piscator : To be a fisherman by profession or trade, piscatorio artificio quæstum facere (Lactantius, 5, 2, extr. ). A fisherman’s hut, * domus or casa piscatoris.
FISHERY, piscatus : piscatio (the occupation, Plinius 6, 22, 24 ; 8, 16, 17) : whale-fishery, * captura balænarum : pearl-fishery, * margaritarum conquisitio : to be engaged in the pearl-fishery, * margaritas conquirere (Cf. , but margaritas urinari is without sense, and has probably arisen from some misinterpretation of the passage in Plinius, 9, 35, 55, extr. ” has margaritas urinantium cura peti “).
FISHING, piscatio (as act) : piscatus : piscatio (as occupation, and in this meaning in Plinius, 6, 22, 24, and 8, 16, 17 : the pleasure of fishing, piscationis voluptas (after Justinus, 41, 5, 4, piscationum voluptates, the various pleasures fishing affords) : to be fond of fishing, piscandi studio teneri : in fishing, in piscando.
FISHING-BOAT, navis or scapha piscatoria (larger) : piscatoria cymba (smaller) : piscatorium navigiuin (Fragm. , M. Cœlii).
FISHING-LINE, * linea piscatoria.
FISHING-NET, rete (general term) : funda : jaculum (a casting-net) : verriculum or everriculum (drag-net).
FISHING-ROD, arundo piscatoria.
FISHING-TACKLE, instrumentum piscatorium.
FISHY, || Abounding in fish, plenus piscium (Cicero, Verr. , 4, 53, 118 ; Cf. , piscosus, pisculentus, are poetical). || Fish-like, pisci similis, or genitive piscis.
FISSILE, fissilis (Livius).
FISSURE, fissura : fissum : rima (fissure in a solid body lengthwise, and into the depth of it ; chink) : hiatus (wide fissure, open and deep). To have a fissure in it, fissura dehiscere : rimam agere (Cf. , rimam ducere, poetical).
FIST, s. , pugnus. To double the fist, pugnum facere ; comprimere in pugnum manus (opposed to manus explicare) ; digitos comprimere pugnumque facere (opposed to digitos diducere et manum dilatare). With one’s doubled fist, manu compressa : to give anybody a blow in the face with one’s fist, colaphum alicui impingere : to give anybody a blow in the face with one’s doubled fist, pugnum factum alicui in os impingere : to strike anybody with one’s fists, pugnis cædere (pugnis onerare, comedy).
FIST, v. || Strike with the fist, pugnis cædere : pugnis onerare (comic) : colaphum alicui impingere (to hit anybody with one’s fist in the face). || Seize (obsolete), vid. κυρικιμασαηικο FISTICUFFS, pugna (general term for battle) : pugilatus, us (boxing-match, Plautus). To come to fisticuffs, res venit ad manus.
FISTULA, fistula.
FISTULOUS, fistulosus (Plinius).
FIT, impetus : incursus (attack of illness) : accessio : tentatio (both with the addition of morbi, febris, of an illness, a fever, Cicero, Att. , 10, 1 7, 2) : a slight fit of an illness, commotiuncula ; levis motiuncula (Suetonius, Vesp. , 24) : to be suffering from a fit of illness, (a) morbo tentari. The fits become more violent, graviores accessiones veniunt. A fit of the gout, * morbi articularis accessio or tentatio : to have a fit of the gout, alicujus artus laborant ; articulorum dolores habere : to be suffering from a dreadful fit of the gout, doloribus podagræ cruciari maximis (Cicero) ; ardere podagræ doloribus (Cicero). An epileptic fit, * morbi comitialis accessio. To have an epileptic fit, morbo comitiali corripi ; or (Plinius) vitio comitiali corripi ; morbo comitiali laborare. A fainting fit, subita (animæ) defectio (Suetonius, Calig. , 56) : Cf. , animæ deliquium is spurious Latin, and animi delectus a doubtful reading. A (fainting) fit is coming upon me, animus me relinquit (Cæsar, B. G. , 6, 38), or linquit (post-Augustan) ; anima deficit (e. g. , from the heat, per æstum, in Celsus, 1, 17) ; animo linquor (post-Augustan) : To fall down in a fit, animo linquor submittorque genu. Anybody is in a (fainting) fit, animus aliquem reliquit or liquit ; anima defecit. Intermitting fits of a fever, febris accessio remissioque ; febris accessio et decessio. || By fits and starts, carptim (carptim facere aliquid, opposed to continuare aliquid).
FIT, v. TRANS. , || Adapt, suit, aptare aliquid alicui rei (Cf. , adaptare only in Suetonius, and that only in passive participle) : accommodare aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid (make it suitable to, adapt it to ; also accommodaresibi aliquid ad aliquid = to fit on ; e. g. , coronam ad caput) : dirigere aliquid ad aliquid (to direct it by a certain rule). || To prepare suitably by preparatory training, erudire or instituere, or instituere atque erudire aliquem (ad aliquid or ad rem faciendam) : parare aliquem alicui rei (e. g. , foro et eloquentiæ) : formare aliquem ad or in aliquid. To fit anybody for public speaking, instituere aliquem ad dicendum ; oratorem efficere atque instituere aliquem. To fit one’s self for anything, se accommodare ad aliquid (e. g. , ad rempublicam ; ad magnas res gerendas, Cicero) ; parare se ad aliquid, or ad aliquid faciendum (Cicero) ; exercere se ad aliquid (by practice, Cicero).
Fitted and prepared for anything, instructus et paratus ad aliquid. || FIT OUT : To fit out ships, naves armare, instruere, ornare, adornare : a fleet, classem instruere, ornare, exornare, comparare ; in a very short time, celeriter classem efficere. || FIT UP, ornare (general term) : instruere : ornare : adornare, or exornare. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) ornare (exornare) atque instruere (to provide with what is necessary ; ornare and its compounds implying suitable expenditure, like κοσμεῖν, διακοσμεῖν). To fit up a house, [vid. FURNISH]. || ABSOLU. or INTRANS. , aptum esse or apte convenire ad aliquem (to fit it) : (apte) convenire in aliquid (e. g. , machæra in vaginam ; Plautus, Pseud. , 4, 7, 85) ; or inire convenireque in aliquid (both = to fit into). A coat fits, vestis bene sedet : shoes fit, calcei apte conveniunt ad pedes, or ad pedes apti sunt : shoes that fit well, apti ad pedes calcei. A dress that fits well, or a close-fitting dress, vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens : the tubes fit into each other, alius in alium tubulus init convenitque. || To be fit ; vid. FIT, adjective.
FIT,
FITTING, idoneus : aptus (idoneus denotes a passive, aptus an active fitness for anything ; or the idoneus is fitted by his qualifications, and, through outward circumstances, for any particular destination, like the επιτήδειος ; the aptus, by his worth and adequacy, like ἱκανός . The idoneus is in himself inactive, and suffers himself to be employed for a particular purpose, for which he is qualified ; the aptus himself engages in the business, because he is adequate to it ; Döderlein) : habilis, appositus, conveniens, for anything, ad aliquid, less commonly (never after appositus) by the simple dative. If these words are followed by a verbal proposition, then the relative pronoun is used with a subjunctive : bonus, for anything, alicui rei or ad aliquid (in Livius, and Tacitus, not in Cicero, or Cæsar) : opportunus ad aliquid (conveniently situated, of places, etc). To make or render fit for anything, aptare ad aliquid : to make one’s self fit for anything, se parare or aptare ad aliquid ; se accommodare ad aliquid ; se exercere ad aliquid. To be fit for, decere (to be becoming ; to become it) ; aptum esse alicui or alicui rei, or ad aliquid : accommodatum esse alicui rei or ad aliquid (to be adapted for it) ; convenire alicui or alicui rei, or cum aliqua re ; congruere alicui rei or cum aliqua re (to be agreeable to its nature, etc. ). To be fit, decere aliquem (to be suitable to, or becoming anyone) : it is fit, decet or convenit, that, etc. , by an accusative and infinitive (it is suitable. On convenit, vid. Benecke, Cicero, Cat. , 1 , 2, 4) ; oportet, followed by an accusative and infinitive (it ought, is necessary on reasonable grounds, and according to the laws of justice and equity) : not to be fit for anything, non decere, etc. ; also abhorrere ab aliqua re ; ab aliqua re dissentire : Cf. , congruus is unclassical ; congruens is good Latin. In a fit manner ; vid. FITLY.
FITCH, vicia (also according to Linnæus).
FITFUL, Vid. CHANGEABLE.
FITLY, accommodate : apte : convenienter : congruenter : decore. [SYN. in FIT. ] (The words are found in this connection and order. ) apte et quasi decore ; apte congruenterque ; congruenter convenienterque.
FITNESS, convenientia : decentia (proper quality) : decorum (propriety).
FIVE, quinque : quini, quinæ, quina (five apiece, etc. , especially with substantives that are used only in the plural ; e. g. , quinæ literæ, five letters, whereas quinque literæ means five alphabetic letters) : five ases (the Roman coin), quinquessis : a coin worth five ases, nummus quinarius : an instrument of five feet in length ; e. g. , a yard for measuring, quincupedal (Martisalis, 14, 92) : five dots, quincunx (: ·: ) : the five first among the citizens (belonging to the town council), quinque primi (πεντάπρωτα) : a space of five years, quinquennium, also lustrum : every five years, quinto quoque anno : a repast of five dishes, pentapharmacum (πενταφάρμακον, later only, Spartian. , Æl. , Ver. , 5) : consisting of five, quintarius : divided into five parts, quinquepartitus ; five-sixths, dextans ; as number, numerus quintarius : five-twelfths of an as, a pound, etc. , quincunx : containing five-twelfths, quincuncialis : that has five leaves, quinquefolius ; quinque foliis : that has five corners, * pentagonius ; * quinquangularis : five-fingered, quinis digitis (of the hand) ; alicui digiti in manibus quini (of men and beasts ; both after Plinius, 11, 43, 99) : weighing five pounds, quinquelibralis ; * quinque pondo (sc. libras valens) : five feet long, quinquepedalis (Hygin. ) ; quinque pedes in longitudinem ; quinque
pedes longus : that has five stories, quinque tabulatorum : a house that has five stories, domus, quæ quinque tabulationes habet (after Vitruvius, 5, 5, 7) : that has five sounds or tones, pentachordus (later only) : five years of age, or having lasted five years, quinquennis : five years old, quinque annos natus : happening or taking place every five years, quinquennalis (e. g. , censura) : five times, quinquies : five times as much, quinquies tantum : five times more than etc. , quinquies tanto amplius, quam quantum (e. g. , quinquies tanto amplius, quam quantum alicui in cellam sumere licitum sit, civitatibus imperavit, Cicero, Verr. , 3, 97, 225) : five-fold, quincuplus (five times as great = Gloss. Vet. ) ; quincuplex (given, taken, or calculated five-times at once ; e. g. , salarium) : to make or render anything five-fold, quinquiplicare (Cf. , not quinqueplicare. Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 36, extr. ) : five hundred, quingenti : each or to each five hundred (in divisions), quingeni : consisting each time of five hundred, quingenarius : five hundred times, quingenties : the five hundredth, quingentesimus : five thousand, quinque or quina millia (Cf. , it is only in poets and later writers that we find quinquies mille) : each of five thousand, quina millia (e. g. , four legions, each of five thousand infantry, quatuor legiones quinis millibus peditum) : five thousand times, quinquies millies : a vessel that has five banks of oars, quinqueremis (navis) : ” the five” (as title of any officers or commissioners, five in number) in Rome, quinqueviri (hence quinqueviratus, their office, and adjective, * quinqueviralis) : of five days, * quinque dierum.
FIVES, pila (general term for any game with a ball). To be fond of fives, pilæ studio teneri : to play at fives, pila ludere.
FIVE-LEAVED, “that has five leaves, ” quinquefolius (Plinius).
FIX, TRANS. , || Make fast, etc. , figere (with in and accusative or ablative ; e. g. , one’s eyes upon the ground, oculos figere in terram or in terra ; but figuratively, of mental objects, with in and ablativeonly ; as, to fix my mind on the consulship, figere mentem in consulatu, not in consulatum, Krebs ; also alicui rei and ad aliquid) : affigere alicui rei or in aliquid (to fix to, affix) : defigere alicui rei or in re (to fix down into) : infigere alicui rei or in rem (to fix into). To fix anything with nails, clavis figere aliquid ; to anything, clavis affigere or configere aliquid alicui rei : to fix one’s eyes on anybody, oculos defigere in vultu alicujus († also in aliquem , Ovidius) ; one’s mind or thoughts on anything, mentem figere or defigere in re ; animum defigere or infigere in re ; defigere et intendere animum in aliquid (Cicero) : to fix the ladders against the walls, scalas mœnibus admovere : to fix one’s abode any where, considere (in) aliquo loco ; domicilium collocare (Cicero), or constituere (Nepos) (in) aliquo loco : to have fixed one’s abode anywhere, sedem ac domicilium aliquo loco habere. Cf. , Not figere sedem or domicilium in aliquo loco. To fix one’s eyes on the ground, figere oculos in terram or in terra ; in terram ora defigere (Curtius). A fixed star, stella inerrans ; sidus certa sede infixum.
Fixed stars, sidera certis infixa sedibus, or quæ certis locis infixa sunt. To fix anything firmly in anybody’s mind, infigere aliquid alicujus animo. A fixed income, reditu s stati. || Make firm, firmare : confirmare (make it firm and durable, a government, kingdom, etc. ) : stabilire (make firm or stable) : fundare (to found) : stabilitatem dare alicui rei (Cicero). || Appoint definitely, statuere : constituere : dicere (to name) : eligere (to make choice of) : præfinire. To fix a day, diem statuere, constituere, dicere, eligere ; beforehand, diem præstituere, præfinire ; a time, tempus dicere, destinare : to fix the exact time for the assault, adeundi (sc. castra) tempus definire : to fix the time and place, tempus et locum condicere (to fix it by common consent) ; a day for the marriage, eligere nuptiarum diem ; nuptias in diem constituere ; for the execution, diem necis destinare alicui ; a pretty distant day, diem satis laxam statuere ; anybody’s wages, mercedem alicui constituere ; anybody’s residence, circumscribere locum habitandi alicui (forbid him to go beyond a fixed distance, etc. ) : the bounds of anybody’s kingdom, terminare fines imperii : to fix the price of anything, alicui rei pretium statuere (Plautus), or constituere (Cicero) ; conficere (Cicero) ; facere (Plautus, Mart. ). || INTRANS. , Resolve, statuere : constituere : decernere (aliquid or with infinitive) : consilium capere (with gerund in di ; sometimes with infinitive) : inducere animum or in animum (with infinitive or ut). I have fixed, etc, certum est mihi ; stat mihi (sc. sententia) ; statutum habeo cum animo et deliberatum : to have pretty nearly fixed to, etc. , satis habere consilium de, etc. (Cicero, Att. , i2, 50, end). || To fix that a person should be present (at such a time), aliquem adesse or venire jubere. || To fix upon ( = select, or appoint after selection), destinare aliquem ad aliquid or alicui rei : designare ad aliquid : seponere alicui rei or in aliquid : eligere aliquem. To fix upon anybody for a person’s wife, destinare aliquam alicui uxorem. To fix upon such a day, diem eligere, constituere. Vid. above under FIX, TRANS.
FIXEDLY, firme : firmiter (both Cicero, Rep. , 1, 45 ; 6, 2 ; the latter, also, Cæsar, B. G. , 4, 26) : rigide (stiffly). To look fixedly at anybody, aliquem intentis oculis or acerrime contemplari (Cicero) : oculos defigere in alicujus vultu : to look fixedly on the ground, oculos in terram figere.
FIXEDNESS,Vid. FIRMNESS.
FIXITY :
Fixity of tenure, stabilis et certa possessio (Cicero, but improperly).
FIXTURE, immobilis res (Dig. , any property that cannot be moved) : * supellex immobilis.
FLABBY, flaccidus (e. g. , of the ears ; opposed to rigidus ; also flaccus, Varro and Cicero = one who has long flabby ears. Cf. , marcidæ aures, Plinius, are those of a tired horse, when they hang down as if they were dead) : pendulus (hanging down ; e. g. , of the cheeks, genæ, Plinius, 14, 20, 28, §142) : fluidus (not firm in its component parts ; opposed to compactus. Thus, according to Livius, 34, 47, corpora fluida= bodies the flesh of which is not firm; but corpora remissa, according to Cicero, Tusc. , 2, 23, 54, bodies whose nerves are relaxed, etc. ).
FLACCID, flaccidus (withered, slack) : marcidus (without consistency and solidity ; fading away) : resolutus (unstrung, etc. ; e. g. , corpora juvenum, Columella). To become flaccid, flaccessere : marcescere. To be flaccid, flaccere (properly, Lactantius ; but improperly, Cicero) : marcere. All these expressions are seldom met with in prose writers that have been handed down to us.
FLACCIDITY, resolutio (state of being unstrung ; of nerves, etc. ), or by circumlocution with flaccidus.
FLAG, v. || TRANS. , laxare : relaxare : remittere. || INTRANS. , laxari : relaxari : remitti : languescere : elanguescere : relanguescere (to become worn out, feeble, etc. ) : flaccescere (properly, of sails ; improperly, of an orator whose style becomes spiritless when he begins to write). Anybody’s courage flags, animus cadit : not to let one’s courage flag in any danger, nulli periculo animum submittere : to let one’s courage flag, animo demitti or se demittere ; animum demittere or contrahere ; animum contrahere et demittere ; animum abjicere ; animum despondere.
FLAG, s. , || Of a ship, insigne (Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 6) : vexillum (used for giving the signal for attack ; vid. Nitsch, Alterthumskunde, vol. ii, p. 1172). To hoist up the flag, vexillum proponere : to strike (the flag), vexillum demittere, deducere. || Of land forces [vid. COLORS]. || A plant, gladiolus (ξιφίον) : * gladiolus communis (Linnæus). || A stone for paving (a side-path for foot-passengers), * lapis viæ sternendæ utilis (general term for any paving-stone).
FLAG- SHIP, navis prætoria.
FLAG-STAFF, hastile vexilli.
FLAGELLATE, flagris or flagellis cædere : flagellare (post-Augustan).
FLAGELLATION, flagellatio (* Terentius ad Martyr. , 4, extr. ).
FLAGEOLET, tibia (general term ; with the ancients usually tibiæ ; i. e. , double flute, since two were blown together). Vid. FLUTE.
FLAGGY. Vid. LAX or LIMBER, INSIPID.
FLAGITIOUS, flagitiosus (full of vile actions, of persons and things) : flagitii plenus or flagitii plenus et dedecoris (e. g. , factum, Cicero) : scelere contaminatus (stained with crime) : nefarius (unspeakably, enormously wicked ; of persons and things) : nefandus (of things).
Flagitious actions, flagitia ; nefaria (plural adjective) : in a flagitious manner, flagitiose ; nefarie (e. g. , vivere).
FLAGITIOUSNESS, flagitium (an impious or vile action that will draw disgrace upon anybody) : dedecus (an action by which we forfeit esteem and honor). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) dedecus et flagitium. Vid. WICKEDNESS.
FLAGON, lagena : ampulla (big-bellied, with two handles) : laguncula : ampullula (Sulpic. Sev. , Dial. 3, 3, in. ).
FLAGRANCY, flagrantia (properly ; e. g. , non flagrantia oculorum, non libertate sermonis, sed etiam complexu, Cicero) : ardor : calor : fervor : æstus [SYN. in HEAT]. || Enormity, immanitas or tanta immanitas (e. g. vitiorum, facinoris) : turpitude : fœditas. Cf. , Plautus, Rud. , 3, 4, 28, has flagitii flagrantia = thou vile culprit, etc.
FLAGRANT, flagrans (properly, burning, inflames ; then, figuratively, of heat, flagrans æstus, of cheeks on fire, flagrantes genæ, and of anything that is of a fiery red color ; then of heat, passion, etc. ). [Vid. HOT, ARDENT. ]A flagrant desire, flagrans cupiditas ; magna, acris, or ardens cupiditas. || Enormous,
etc. , immanis : flagitiosus : nefandus : turpis : fœdus, etc. Cf. , Not flagrans : in Code Justinian, 9, 13, 1, we find adhuc flagranti crimine comprehensi ; but the meaning is, while the crime is still recent, and so evident, notorious, etc.
FLAIL, pertica : fustis : baculus (a long stick or cudgel which was used by the ancients for thrashing). Vid. To THRASH.
FLAKE, floccus : flocculus (of wool and similar substances ; e. g. , in some fruits, Plinius, 16, 7, 10).
Flakes of snow, nives.
Flakes of copper, squama æris (cyprii).
FLAMBEAU, fax (of wood, done over with thick combustible matter, as grease, oil, wax ; especially a lighted torch) : funale (made of tow, and likewise done over with combustible matter ; also made of wax) : tæda (a piece of pine-tree or other resinous wood, which served the same purpose as the fax or tæda).
FLAME, s. , flamma (properly and improperly ; e. g. , flamma amoris, belli, oratoris) : ardor (glow, properly and improperly = an ardently beloved object ; vid. Ovidius, Met. , 14, 683 ; diminutive, flammula) : ignis (fire, properly and improperly) : to be, etc. , in flames [vid. FIRE] : the flame (of ambition) is increasing, flamma crescit (Sallustius, Jug. , 4, 4). The flame of war is kindled in Africa, Africa ardet bello. To set in (a) flame, inflammare, incendere (properly and figuratively). vid. FIRE.
FLAME, v. , flammare (e. g. , flammans fenum, properly flammantia lumina, Vergilius, for which Ovid has flammea lumina) : ardere (to burn) : flagrare (to be in a blaze) : flammigerare (to break out into flames, Gellius, 17, 10). Vid. also To BURN.
FLAME-COLORED, coloris flamma : color flammeus (flame of the color, or flaming color). A flame-colored dress, flammeum vestimentum (Festi, p. 92).
FLANK, s. , PROPR. , ilia (loins and thighs, flanks : ilia inter coxas et pubem imo ventre posita sunt, Celsus). || IMPROPR, (of an army), latus. In flank, a or ab latere or lateribus (opposed to a fronte, a tergo) : that they may not be attacked in flank, ne quis militibus ab latere impetus fieri possit (Cicero). To attack the enemy on the flank ; to take the enemy in flank, hostem a latere aggredi or invadere ; hostem ex transverso adoriri ; latus hostium invadere or incurrere ; transversam hostium aciem invadere ; in latera hostis incursare : an exposed or uncovered flank, latus apertum : to cover the flank, latus tutum præstare : to be stationed on the flank, latere cingere : to attack the enemy on both flanks, ab utroque latere hosti instare : to place the cavalry on the flanks, equites ad latera disponere : to fall on the enemy’s unprotected flank, hostes latere aperto aggredi (Cæsar).
FLANNEL, pannus laneus (general term for any cloth made of wool).
FLAP, s. , lacinia (properly, of the flap or any extremity of a garment ; but improperly, anything that hangs down loose. Thus Plinius, 8, 50, 76, calls the fleshy part of the neck of a goat, laciniæ a cervice dependentes ; in a similar manner Linnæus names the parts of a flower that hang down loose “laciniæ ;” so the lobes [λοβοι] of the liver were laciniæ ; but the flaps of the ear, auriculæ). || A slight blow struck with anything, ictus or ictus levis (also of a flap of the wings, alæ, pennarum, both Plinius). || The flaps (disease in a horse’s mouth), stomacace (στομακάκη], Plinius, 25, 3, 6).
FLAP, v. || TRANS. , plaudere : To flap the wings, alis or pennis plaudere ; alas quatere cum clangore (†) : to flap off flies, muscas abigere. || INTRANS. , dependere (to hang down) : flaccescere (to flap down ; of sails no longer extended by the wind). “A flapping hat, ” * pileus labrosus (after ferramentum fecit in extrema parte labrosum, Celsus).
FLAP-DRAGON (obsolete), haurire : vorare : devorare.
FLAP-EARED, auritus : flaccidis et prægravantibus auribus (Columella, of a goat).
FLAP-MOUTHED, labrosus.
FLAP-TABLE, perhaps, * mensa valvata.
FLARE, coruscare (vid. Vergilius, Æn. , 5, 64) ; also tremula flamma ardere (†) : fulgere : splendere : nitere [SYN. in To SHINE] : flagrare (to blaze) : ardescere : exardescere (to burn in a flame) : splendescere (to grow bright).
FLASH, s. , fulgor (bright, blazing ; e. g. , of comets, lightning, etc. ; also opposed to fumus). A flash of lightning, fulgur (ἀστραπή, the lightning, inasmuch as it shines, and as a single temporary phenomenon on the horizon, instead of which sometimes fulgores is met with, but seldom the singular fulgor. It ought to be well distinguished from fulgetrum or fulgetra ; i. e. , continued or repeated lightning) : fulmen (κεραυνός, the lightning, inasmuch as it strikes any object). [Vid. , also, LIGHTNING. ]
Flash of the eye or the eyes, ardor oculorum (Cicero, Balb. , 21, extr. ), or acies oculorum (Cæsar, B. G. , 1, 39) ; vultus ardore animi micans (the look or glance flashing with wrath) : to emit slight flashs of anything, jacere igniculos alicujus rei ; igniculos alicujus rei ostendere (e. g. , ingenii) : like a flash of lightning (i. e. , as quick), * fulminis instar ; cum maxima celeritate.
FLASH, v. fulgere (to shine like lightning) : micare : splendere (to sparkle, to glitter). The swords were seen flashing, micantes fulsere gladii : his eyes flashed through the mask, ex persona ardebant oculi : his eyes flash, oculi ardent (Cicero, Verr. , 4, 66, 148), or vultus ejus ardore micat (if with rage).
FLASHING, fulgor : ardor (e. g. , of the stars) : igniculi gemmarum (of jewels) : ardor oculorum (of the eyes).
FLASHY, dictu speciosus (opposed to verus, Livius, 1, 23, 7) : speciosus modo (Quintilianus 7, 1, 41) : * speciosior quam subtilior (these three of things) : levis (e. g. , scriptor).
FLASK, || A bottle, vid. || A powder-flask, * cornu pulveris pyrii.
FLAS KET (a sort of basket). Vid. BASKET.
FLAT, planus (without perceptible prominences or inequalities, opposed to asper, saxosus, montuosus or montanus) : æquus (horizontally level ; opposed to superior, inferior, acclivis) : non fastigatus (not sloping ; e. g. , a roof, tectum) : non profundus (having no depth).
Flat bottoms, carinæ planæ : flat-bottomed vessels, naves planæ carinis ; naves piano alveo ; naves paullo humiliores : the flat hand, palma (the natural) ; plana manus (the hand made flat, as opposed to the fist) : a flat nose, nasus simus : a flat country, campus : the whole country is flat, omnia sunt campi. A flat coast, litus planum (the bottom not sinking rapidly) ; litus breve (having little depth of water). || Without spirit (of liquors), vapidus : edentulus (properly ; toothless ; improperly, of wine ; Plautus, Pœn. , 3, 3, 87) : gustu hebes (Columella ; of wine, 3, 2, 24) : iners ac sine sapore (Plinius ; of the plant blitum). To become flat, evanescere or fugere. || Not lively, languidus, languens (without strength and life ; e. g. , a color, look, voice, thought) : iners (without strength and expression ; verses) : frigidus (frosty, cold ; e. g. , a thought). To become flat, languescere ; evanescere (to become dull) : to be flat, languere ; frigere (of a conversation, etc. ).
FLAT, s. , || A plain, planities : æquor : æquus et planus locus : campus (with or without planus or apertus, level ground ; opposed to mountainous or hilly country) : æquata planities : exæquatio (a place that has been made level [SYN. in PLAIN]). || A shallow, vid. || The broad side of a blade ; e. g. , to strike with the flat of his sword, lamina gladii percutere. || In music, perhaps sonus mollis (Kr. ).
FLAT, v. || TRANS. [Vid. To FLATTEN. ] || INTRANS. Vid. To FLATTEN.
FLATLY, plane : to refuse anything flatly to anybody, alicui præcise negare ; alicui plane sine ulla exceptione præcidere.
FLATNESS, planities (properly) : levitas (improperly) : * sapor alicujus rei nullus (want of taste) : humilitas (meanness of expression).
FLATTEN, v. TRANS. , || To make flat, complanare : * tundendo extenuare (e. g. , gold, silver, aurum, argentum) : levigare, seldom levare (general term, for removing roughness, etc. ). || To deject, vid. || INTRANS. , evanescere or fugere (to grow flat ; of wine).
FLATTENING, complanatio : æquatio : exæquatio [SYN. in To FLATTEN] : compressio (a pressing together).
FLATTER, s. , prelum (a press of any kind).
FLATTER, v. , assentari alicui (to express assent, whether from conviction or from hypocrisy ; in opposed to to adversari. It denotes the flattery which shuns contradicting a person, θωπεύειν) : blandiri (to say what is agreeable to another, ἀρεσκεύειν ; also to endeavor to curry favor by winning ways, marks of affection, etc. ) : adulari (to endeavor to curry favor at the expense of self-degradation, like κολακεύειν ; aliquem, seldom alicui ; never in Cicero) : aberrare in melius (of a painter ; after Plinius, Ep. , 4, 28, extr. ) : nimium esse in alicujus laudibus (of an orator praising anybody too highly). To curry favor with anybody by flattering him, assentatiuncula quadam aucupari alicujus gratiam. I flatter myself (parenthetically), quomodo mini persuadeo (Cicero, De Or. , 2, 8, 122). Don’t suppose that I say this to flatter you, noli putare me hoc auribus tuis dare (Cicero) : to flatter one’s self with the hope etc. , in eam spem adduci, ut etc. ; sperare fore, ut etc. I flatter myself with the hope that, etc. , magna me spes tenet with infinitive. To be trained to flattery by long continuance of servitude, diuturna servitute ad nimiam assentationem erudiri. The desire of flattery, assentandi libido (Tacitus, Hist. , 1, 1, 2).
FLATTERER, adulator (the mean, degraded flatterer) : assentator (who always agrees in opinion with the person flattered) : homo blandus (who caresses or coaxes).
Feminine, adulatrix : assentatrix : mulier blanda
or blandiens. SYN. above.
FLATTERING, blandiens : blandus : jucundus : gratus (pleasant, ibid. , SYN. ) : honorificus (honorable). In a flattering manner, blande : per blanditias : flattering words or expressions, voces blandæ ; blanditiæ ; assentationes (Cicero, Cluent. , 13, 36) [SYN. in FLATTERY] : it is very flattering to me, summo honori mihi duco. A flattering likeness, imago alicujus, in qui effingenda artifex in melius aberravit (after Plinius, Ep. , 4, 28). κυρικιμασαηικο
FLATTERINGLY, blande : per blanditias.
FLATTERY, adulatio : assentatio [SYN. in To FLATTER] : ambitio (the soliciting anybody’s favor) : blanditiæ (sweet words, caresses, coaxing). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) blanditiæ et assentationes (Cicero, Cluent. , 13, 36) : blandimentum (the means by which anybody endeavors to obtain another’s favor). DIMINUTIVE, assentatiuncula. Low or base flattery, blanditiæ verniles (such as slaves use toward their masters ; Tacitus, Hist. , 2, 59, 4) : without flattery, dicam enim non reverens assentandi suspicionem (i. e. , I say it without fearing the suspicion of flattery, parenthetically, Cicero, De Or. , 2, 28, 122) ; ambitione relegata (Horatius, Sat. ,1, 10, 84) : by way of flattery, assentandi causa ; per adulationem or assentationem : by flattery, per blanditias : to listen to flattery, adulatoribus patefacere aures : deceived by flattery, eblanditus (passively, Cicero, though from deponent eblandiri, Krebs).
FLATULENCY,
FLATUOSITY, || PROPR. , inflatio. To cause flatulency, inflationem habere, facere, parere ; inflare stomachum (Celsus) ; to remove it, inflationem levare, discutere. || IMPROPR. , Vid. EMPTINESS, TURGIDITY.
FLATULENT,
FLATUOUS, (e. g. , food, cibi), qui inflant or qui inflationem habent. || Empty, vid.
FLAUNT, volitare (to flutter about ; e. g. , in foro). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) volitare et vagari (e. g. , in foro, Cicero) : magnifice incedere (e. g. , before the eyes of the people, per ora hominum) : spatiari (to walk up and down with airs, or a pompous step). To flaunt about in gold and purple, insignem auro et purpura conspici.
FLAVOR, s. , || With reference to taste, sapor. A pleasant flavor, sapor jucundus : suavitas : to have a pleasant flavor, jucundo sapore esse ; jucunde sapere : anything loses its flavor, alicujus rei sapor non permanet integer : to receive a flavor of something else, alieno sapore infici : to have a bitter flavor, amarum saporem habere : anything has no flavor, alicujus rei sapor nullus est. || With reference to smell ; vid. ODOR.
FLAVOR, v. , sapore or odore aliquo inficere : condire.
FLAVOROUS, jucundi saporis or odoris : suavis . bene olens (odorus is poetical only) : odoratus (filled with perfume) : sapore præstantior (savory).
FLAW, s. , || Blemish, etc. , vitium (general term). If there is no flaw, si nihil est vitii (in aliqua re) : Cf. , vitium is also a flaw in jewels (Plinius) : sarcion ( = quædam gemmæ caro, σαρκιον) was a particular kind of flaw in a diamond ; Plinius, 37, 5, 8. || A gust of wind, impetus venti : turbo. || Commotion of the mind (obsolete), vehementior animi concitatio : animi motus, impetus, ardor, animi permotio. || Tumult ; vid. COMMATION.
FLAW, v. , Vid. To BREAK, CRACK.
FLAWY, rimosus (full of flaws) : vitiosus : mendosus. SYN. in FAULT.
FLAX, linum : the refuse of spun flax (tow), stupa : to pull flax, linum evellere : to sleep the flax, lini virgas in aquam mergere ; linum macerare : to comb the flax, linum ferreis hamis pectere : combed flax, linum factum : uncombed flax, linum crudum, infectum : of flax, or flaxen, lineus. On the ancient methods of preparing flax, vid. Plinius, 19, 1, 3. The cultivation or growing of flax, * lini cultura : a bundle of flax, fasciculus lini manualis : the thread of flax ; spun flax, linum netum (Ulpianus, Dig. , 32, 3, 70, § 11) : the combing of flax, ars lini depectendi : a mallet to beat flax with, malleus stuparius.
FLAX-COMB, hami ferrei : pecten.
FLAXEN, || Made of flax. [SYN. in FLAX. ] || Fair, flavus : subflavus.
FLAY, pellem detrahere alicui or alicujus corpori (of a beast) : deglubere aliquem (of a person) ; also, aliquem vivum (if alive) : Cf. , glubere, deglubere, post-classical in prose.
FLAYER, * qui pecus morticinum deglubit.
FLEA, pulex.
Full of fleas, pulicosus : to clean from fleas, * pulicibus liberare.
FLEA-BANE, psyllion (Plinius) : * plantago psyllium (Linnæus).
FLEA-BIT (i. e. , spotted), maculatus : maculosus : maculis sparsus : varius (of diversified colors).
FLEAM, sagitta (in use before Vegetius, and answering entirely to the English “lancet”) : scalpellus or scalpellum (an instrument used as well for surgical operations as for bleeding). Vid. LANCET.
FLECK,
FLECKER,Vid. To STREAK, To DAPPLE.
FLEDGED, adultus (grown up, so as to be ready to fly ; Quintilianus, 2, 6, 7) : confirmatus (grown strong ; Columella 8, 9, 4) : plumis obductus ; plumatus. Not yet fledged, infirmus. Cf. , The forms plumiger and penniger are poetical. To be fledged, pennas habere (Varro, R. R. , 3, 9, 15) ; pennulis uti posse (Cicero, N. D. , 2, 52, 129) : the young ones are nearly fledged, pennæ nascuntur pullo : to become fledged, plumare (Gellius); plumescere (Plinius).
FLEE,Vid. To FLY.
FLEECE, vellus. The golden fleece, pellis aurata, inaurata (†) ; pellis aurea ; auratæ ovis pellis. The order of the golden fleece, * turma equestris pelle aurea insignis.
FLEECE, || To shear, vid. || To plunder, vid.
FLEECY, laniger (wool-bearing ; pecus, Cicero ; bidentes, Vergilius) : lanosus (woolly ; opposed to glaber ; vellus, Appuleius).
FLEER,Vid. MOCK.
FLEER, s. , Vid. MOCKRY, GRIN, s. , etc.
FLEERER,Vid. MOCKER.
FLEET, s. , classis. To build a fleet, classem ædificare, facere ; efficere (to contrive to bring it together, or to get it up) : to equip a fleet (and man it), classem ornare : to man it (with soldiers), classi milites attribuere : the fleet leaves the port, sets sail, classis exit, e portu proficiscitur : to quit the port with the fleet, naves e portu educere : to send the fleet out for a cruise, classem quoquo versus dimittere : to cast anchor with the fleet, classem constituere : to land with the fleet, classem in or ad locum appellere : to command the fleet, præesse classi : to have or possess a powerful fleet, valere classe : to cover the sea or seas with one’s fleets, maria classibus consternere (Curtius, 9, 6, 7). A small fleet, classis parva ; classicula : to have a small fleet, aliquid navicularum habere : a fleet of thirty sail, classis triginta navium.
FLEET, adjective, Vid. SWIFT.
FLEET, v. || To skim, vid. || To fleet time away, horas fallere aliqua re (†). Vid. To FLY AWAY.
FLEETING, fugax (whatever passes by quickly) : velox (quick on one’s feet) : fluxus : caducus (quickly vanishing, transient) : volucer (inconstant, not lasting, e. g. , fortuna, spes, cogitatio).
FLEETLY,Vid. SWIFTLY.
FLEETNESS,Vid. SWIFTNESS.
FLESH, s. , caro (general term, as opposed to to fat, muscles, nerves ; on the body, or dressed as food ; then, also, of the soft part of fruit) : viscera, um, plural, (general term for everything under the skin in animals, the flesh, bones, etc. ; vid. Cicero, N. D. , 2, 63, extr. ; boum visceribus vesci scelus habebatur) : pulpa (rare ; Cat. , Mart. ; eatable and savory flesh ; opposed to bones) : corpus (fleshy corporeal substance, as opposed to bones ; ossa corpore operienda sunt ; ossa corpori subjecta ; also as opposed to animus). Stewed, boiled, etc. , flesh. [Vid. MEAT. ]A small piece of flesh, caruncula. In mentioning the flesh of animals, the Latins frequently in connection, omit caro, and say simply vitulina (the flesh of calves, veal), canina (the flesh of dogs, etc. ). To have more flesh than muscle (or strength), carnis plus habere quam lacertorum (also, figuratively, of a ivriter’s style). It is considered a sin to eat flesh on a fast-day, jejunio indicto carnibus vesci scelus habetur (Cicero, N. D. , 2, 63, 159). Proud flesh (in a wound), caro supercrescens : to flesh it away, carnem supercrescentem exedere. To gain flesh, corpus facere : to lose flesh, corpus amittere (Cicero) ; corpus alicujus abiit (†) : to turn to flesh, in corpus ire or obire (of articles of food). || METON. (a) My flesh and blood (i. e. , my children, relations), viscera mea, plural, (vid. Weber ad Juvenalis, 3, 72, p. 160). || (b) Flesh (opposed to Spirit), in the sense of the Bible (i. e. , sensual desires), cupiditates or libidines (e. g. , to live to the flesh, libidini et cupiditati parere). To indulge the lusts of the flesh, libidinibus se dare, dedere ; voluptatibus servire or se tradere ; totum se libidinibus or corporis voluptatibus dedere : to subdue the lusts of the flesh, cupiditatibus imperare ; cupiditates coercere ; libidines domitas habere.
FLESH, v. , To flesh his maiden sword, * primum bello gladium destringere or hostem manu fundere († cf. Vergilius, Æn. , 9, 590. Tum primum celerem intendisse sagittam Dicitur, etc. ; fortemque manu fudisse Numanum).
FLESH-BROTH, jus coctis carnibus : jus gallinaceum, agninum (of fowl, lamb, etc. ) : sorbitio (general term for anything that is sipped ; Cato, Celsus, etc. ) : cibus jurulentus (flesh-soup).
FLESH-COLOR, candor carnosus (Plinius, 11, 37, 54).
FLESH-COLORED, candore carnoso : carnosus.
FLESH-DAY, * dies quo carnibus vesci licet.
FLESH-FLY, * musca carnaria.
FLESH-HOOK, carnarium (sc. instrumentum).
FLESH-POT, olla(general term) : cacabus (a sauce-pan) : ahenum
coculum (any metal pot or kettle).
FLESH-WOUND, vulnus, quod est in canre (Celsus, 5, 6, 23). FLESHINESS,Vid. CORPULENCE.
FLESHLESS,Vid. LEAN.
FLESHLINESS, cupiditates : libidines (the lusts) : (corporis) voluptates (as enjoyment) : temeritas (the propensity to yield to sensual impressions, τὸ ἄλογον, opposed to ratio, Cicero, Tusc. , 2, 21, 47) : corpus (the body, the flesh ; as the seat of sensual desire). Vid. FLESH (opposed to Spirit).
FLESHLY, || Corporeal, vid. || Opposed to spiritual, by genitive, corporis (e. g. , corporis voluptates, libidines).
FLESHY, carnosus (also speaking of fruit).
FLEXIBILITY,
FLEXIBLENESS, habilitas : mollitia (e. g. , cervicis) : facilitas : mores faciles : animus facilis (with reference to character) : obsequium : obsequentia (a yielding to anything, compliance ; the latter, * Cæsar, B. G. , 7, 29).
Flexibility of the joints, molles commissuræ ; of the voice, vocis mollitudo : natural flexibility of anybody’s character (i. e. , tractability), natura tractabilis.
FLEXIBLE, flexibilis : mollis (both properly and improperly ; e. g. , of the voice) : facilis (giving way, yielding, opposed to difficilis) : qui regi potest (properly and improperly ; vid. Seneca, De Ira, ii. , 15, extr. ) : tractabilis (improperly, tractable, of persons ; mollis conveys the meaning of rather too yielding).
FLEXION, flexus. The flexion of a word (grammatical term), flexura.
FLEXUOUS, flexuosus : tortuosus : sinuosus (winding). || Variable ; vid. CHANGEABLE.
FLEXURE, flexura : curvamen : curvitas : aduncitas: curvatura : anfractus : tortus : sinus. SYN. in CURVE, CURVATURE.
FLICKER, volitare (of birds) : fluitare (of things ; vid. Ovidius, Met. , 11, 476) : coruscare (of a flame ; Vergilius, Æn. , 5, 64) ; also, tremula flamma ardere (†). If in the sense of flapping the wings, vid. To FLAP.
FLIER, || A runaway, fugitivus (δραπέτης, a slave that has run away from his master) : transfuga : perfuga (a deserter). || In a machine ; perhaps * moderamen or * moderamentum : * rota moderatrix.
FLIGHT, fuga. To take to flight, se dare, conferre or conjicere in fugam ; fugam capere ; sese fugæ mandare : fugam petere [Vid. To FLY] : to put to flight, fugare ; in fugam dare, vertere, convertere, conjicere (the two last, with the notion of eagerness and swiftness) ; in fugam impellere (Cicero, Rabir. perd. , 8, 82) : profligare (so that he cannot again rally) : to be in flight, in fuga esse : to endeavor to escape by flight, fuga (sibi) salutem petere : to escape by flight, ex fuga evadere ; fuga se eripere : to cut off anybody’s flight, fugam intercludere ; to hinder or stop it, fugam reprimere : to aid the flight of anybody with money, fugam alicujus pecunia sublevare.
Flight from anything, fuga alicujus rei : vitatio, devitatio (the avoiding it). || A flight of the fancy, * volucer animi motus : to venture on a flight of imagination, omne immensum peragrare mente animoque (Lucretius, 1, 74). || Flight (of birds), avium volatus. || Flock (of birds), grex : agmen (e. g. , corvorum, Vergilius). || Of stairs. To live up three flight of stairs, tribus scalis habitare (Martisalis, 1, 118, 7).
FLIGHTINESS, levitas : ingenium mobile. Vid. CHANGEABLENESS, INCONSTANCY.
FLIGHTY, || Swift, vid. || Inconstant, volaticus, modo huc modo illuc (Cicero) : lexis (light, fickle) : inconstans (that does not remain the same in sentiment or conduct) : mobilis (changeable in one’s opinion or views).
FLIMSILY, tenuiter : leviter : debiliter : infirme : inane.
FLIMSINESS, tenuitas : exilitas : jejunitas et inopia.
FLIMSY, tenuis (thin ; opposed to crassus : properly and improperly ; of a letter ; Cicero) ; (The words are found in this connection and order. ) tenuis exsanguisque : perquam tenuis et levis : tenuis et jejunus : tenuiter confectus (properly ; of texture, Cæsar) : rerum inops (of writings ; Horatius, A. P. , 322) : inanis (empty ; of thought, of a speech, letter, etc. ) : frigidus et inanis (spiritless, etc. ) : parum diligens (e. g. , scriptura, literæ, etc. ).
FLINCH, Vid. To SHRINK.
FLING, s. , || PROPR. , [Vid. THROW, s. ] || IMPROPR. , Gibe, sarcasm, oratio obliqua : sententia obliqua (things said with allusion to anybody) : dicterium (sarcastic derision). To have a fling at a person, aliquem obliquis orationibus carpere : aliquem oblique perstringere : jaculari in aliquem obliquis sententiis : to have some flings at anything, quædam jacere de aliqua re (e. g. , de cultu, habitu, etc. , Tacitus). || A kick with the heel ; e. g. , of a horse, etc. , calcitratus (Plinius, 8, 44, 69).
FLING, v. , Vid. To THROW.
FLINT, silex : lapis silex : lapis siliceus ; saxum silex ; saxum siliceum : of or made of a flint, siliceus.
FIG. , His heart is as hard as a flint, habet silices pectus ejus (Ovidius, Trist. , 3, 11, 4) ; stat ei in corde silex (Tib. , 1, 1, 64).
FLINTY, siliceus : calculosus (general term for stony ; of soil, etc. ).
Flinty soil, * terra silicea ; glarea (sand of a flinty nature) : to lay flints upon a road, viam glarea substruere. || Hard of heart ; vid. FLINT.
FLIPPANCY, linguæ volubilitas (which may be strengthened by nimia, proterva, petulans, etc. ) : protervitas : petulautia : procacitas. SYN. in WANTON.
FLIPPANT, volubilis : protervus : procax : petulans : lascivus [SYN. in WANTON] : * justo promtior (too ready ; e. g. , lingua).
FLIRT, v. , TRANS. , jacere : jaculari ; anything at anybody, (manu)jacere aliquid in aliquem ; petere aliquem aliqua re (e. g. , malo, Vergilius) ; jaculari aliquem aliqua re. || INTRANS. , To jeer, vid. || To run about, circumcursare hac illac : discursare : concursare hue et illuc (hither and thither) : volitare aliquo loco (to flutter about, properly, of birds; then also of persons ; e. g. , tota urbe). || To endeavor to attract young men, etc. , oculis venari viros (to be always looking out for men) : dare operam, ut placeat viris (after Plautus, Pœn. , 5, 4, 47) : improbe juvenes circumspectare (after Appuleius, Apol. , p. 323, 10) : * garrulitate sua se juvenibus amabilem præbere (cf. Suetonius, Oct. 83). (Of a male flirt), blande mulienbus palpari (Plautus, Amph. , 1, 3, 9) ; levitatibus amatoriis deditum esse ; also, perhaps, amare only (vid. Sallustius, Cat. , 11, 6).
FLIRT, || Sudden jerk ; vid. JERK. || A coquettish female, mulier placendi studiosa (Ovidius, A. A. , 3, 423) : quæ dat operam, ut placeat viris (after Plautus, Pœn. , 5, 4, 47) : improba juvenum circumspectatrix (of a desperate, immodest flirt). Sometimes, puella garrulitate amabills (Suetonius, Oct. , 83) : desultor amoris (of a man, who does not attach himself deeply and permanently to one, Ovidius, Am. , 1, 3, 15).
FLIRTATION, levitates amatoriæ : lusus (Propertius, 1, 10, 9 ; Ovidius, A. A. , 1, 62).
FLIT, * volitare ultro citroque per auras (Lucretius, 4, 36) : from context, volitare only : volitare in aliquo loco : volitare passim per aliquem locum (of persons, Cicero, Cat. , 2, 3, 5 ; Rosc. , Am. , 46, 135). To flit about any place, circumvolare or circumvolitare locum (to fly round a place) : fluitare (of things only; vid. Ovidius, Met. , 11, 470) : flitting, fluxus : fluxus et mobilis (e. g. , res humanæ, Sallustius) : fluxus atque fragilis (Sallustius) : instabilis. || Remove, migrate, migrare or demigrare in alium locum (to move to a different place), or in alia loca (to different places) : domo or e domo emigrare (to leave one’s abode for another).
FLITCH, succidia (Varro).
FLITTER,Vid. RAG.
FLITTER-MOUSE : Vid. BAT.
FLOAT, s. ,navis caudicaria or codicaria (Sallustius, Fragm. , p. 990, Cort. ) : ratis. || A float of wood, * lignorum per aquas decursus. || The float on a fishing-line, * cortex.
FLOAT, v. TRANS. ,To flood (fields, etc. ), vid. || To send timber down a river, * ligna flumine secundo demittere. || To float a ship, navem deducere (to launch): navem scopulo detrudere (a ship that has been aground). || INTR. , innare or innatare alicui rei (to swim in anything) : sustineri ab aliqua re (to be supported on the surface, not sink down ; e. g. , on the water, ab aqua) : fluctuare or fluctuari (to float on the waves) : fluitare (to float in the air). A floating island, natans insula : a floating bridge, * pons e ratibus factus. The floating of timber down the stream, * lignorum per aquas decursus. IMPROPR. , To be contented to float with the stream, nunquam dirigere brachia contra torrentem (Juvenalis).
FLOCK, s. , || Of beasts or cattle, grex (general term, as well of larger as of smaller animals ; if, however, it is wished to mark the distinction between both, it is confined to the smaller animals , vid. Cicero, Phil. , 3, 13, extr. , greges armentorum reliquiæ pecoris ; Ovidius, Met. , 1, 513, non hic ornamenta gregesve ; then, also, for a congregation or assembly of persons) : armentum (of larger beasts, especially of oxen, then, also, of horses, stags, great marine animals ; opposed to grex ; vid. above) : multitudo : caterva (crowd, etc. ). Relating or belonging to a flock, gregalis ; gregarius : in flocks, gregatim : to assemble or unite in a flock, congregare (also of persons). || Of persons ; vid. CONCOURSE.
FLOCK, v. , Vid. To CONGREGATE.
FLOG, verberare (general term) : cædere, with anything, aliqua re (to strike with any sharp instrument that gives a sharp cut) : virgis cædere (with a rod) : aliquem fusti verberare (with a cudgel) : aliquem verberibus cædere or in aliquem verberibus animadvertere (to give anybody stripes) : loris cædere (with the knout) : flagris or flagellis cædere (to scourge ; in the Silver Age, flagellare is poetical) : to flog anybody with rods, aliquem
virgis cædere : to flog anybody to death, usque ad necem aliquem loris cædere (after Terentius, Ad. , 2, 1, 28, where, instead of “loris cædere, ” we find “loris operire,” which must be looked upon as comical) ; aliquem flagellis ad mortem cædere (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 2, 12).
FLOOD, || Inundation, inundatio fluminis : eluvio : diluvium (diluvium, post-Augustan ; eluvies, diluvies, diluvio, somewhat poetical). There is a flood, flumen extra ripas diffluit : flumen alveum excedit. || The deluge (Noah’s), eluvio terrarum (Cicero, Rep. , 6, 21, 23) : inundatio terrarum, or from context, inundatio only (Plinius 5, 13, 14 ; Seneca, N. Q. , 3, 27, § 1 and 13 ; 3, 29, 1, where he uses both diluvium and inundatio. Vid. the description of ” the flood, ” in Seneca, N. Q. , 3, 27, sqq. ). || A body of water, aquæ : undæ (waves) : fluctus (floods). || Flow (opposed to ebb), accessus maris : æstus commutatio (if previous mention has been made of the ebb, vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 8) : æstus maritimi (the agitated motion of the sea in general) : flood and ebb, marinorum æstuum accessus et recessus ; æstus maritimi accedentes et recedentes : the flood-tide is coming in, æstus ex alto se incitat ; mare intumescit ; falls, æstus minuit : the flood-tide rises eighty yards above Britain, æstus intumescit octogenis cubitis supra Britanniam. [Vid. TIDE. ] || A flood of tears, magna vis lacrimarum : a flood of words, loquacitas perennis profluens (Cicero, De Or. , 189).
FLOOD-GATE, catarracta (καταῤῥάκτης , a canal, secured or shut up by large folding-gates). To construct flood-gates to break the violence of the current, catarractis aquæ cursum temperare (Plinius, Ep. , 10, 69).
FLOOK, * ancoræ brachium, cornu : perhaps uncus (used poetically for “anchor, ” Valerius, Flacc. , 4, 428).
FLOOR, || Of a room, etc. , solum (general term) : coaxatio (made of strong boards) : pavimentum (of stone, plaster, or other artificial composition). A floor composed of large pieces of marble, pavimentum sectile : a tesselated floor, pavimentum tesselatum or vermiculatum (vid. commentators on Suetonius, Cæsar, 46, and Horatius, Sat. , 2, 4, 83). To lay down a floor, coaxationem facere ; coaxare ; pavimentum struere (e. g. , de testa arida, Cato,R. R. , 18) ; pavimentum facere (Varro ; Cicero, Quint. Fr. , 3, 1, 1). || A story of a house, tabulatum : tabulatio : contabulatio : contignatio. The ground floor, contignatio, quæ piano pede est (general term) ; conclavia, quæ plano pede sunt (i. e. , the rooms composing the ground floor, both according to Vitruvius, 7, 4, 1) : the first floor, cœnaculum (Cicero, Agr. , 2, 35, 96 ; compare Varro, De L. L. , 5, 33, § 162) ; domus superior ( Varro, etc. ; Cicero, Att. 12, 10, extr. ) : the second floor, contignatio tertia ; cœnaculum superius (the upper floor, in general, Plautus, Amph. 3, 1, 3) : to walk up to the second floor, in tertiam contignationem escendere : to live in the second or upper floor, tribus scalis habitare (Martisalis, 1, 118, 7) : cœnaculo superiore habitare (in the upper floor, Plautus, etc. ) ; sub tegulis habitare (to live in the garrets or attics, Suetonius, Gramm. , 9) : to let the upper floor to anybody, alicui cœnaculum super ædes dare : the whole upper floor is unoccupied, tota domus superior vacat.
FLOOR, v. ,assibus contabulare : assibus solum compingere or consternere (with planks) : coaxationem facere ; coaxare : pavimentum struere, facere. SYN. in FLOOR, s.
FLORID, floridus (strewed with blossoms and flowers, rich with flowers ; hence, improperly, of speech) : florens (blooming, properly and improperly) : lætus (showing or displaying fulness ; of florid style, and of the writer who possesses it) : floridus et vegetus (healthy, fresh, blooming, forma). A florid complexion, nitidus color ; color hilaris (Plinius, 23, 8, 75; these refer to its freshness) ; os rubicundum (Plautus) ; roseum os (†Ovidius, Met. , 7, 705) : a florid style, floridius dicendi genus (after Quintilianus, 2, 5, 18) ; dicendi genus flosculis nitens.
FLORIDITY,
FLORIDNESS, flos (bloom ; e. g. , juventutis) : colores (color) : * colorum ratio (the coloring) : nitor (animated coloring) : venustas (with reference to form) : viriditas (freshness ; e. g. , of the mind ; vid. Cicero, Læl. , 3, 11) : floridness of style, floridius dicendi genus ; dicendi veneres ; lenocinia, orum, plural (faulty ornaments of style, vid. Quintilianus, 8, præf. , 26) : lucus, pigmenta orationis (as fault).
FLORIST, * fiorum amans (amateur) : * florum intelligens (connoisseur) : qui flores venditat (as trade, after Valerius, Max. , 3, 4, extr. , 2).
FLOTILLA, classis parva : classicula. To have a small flotilla, aliquid navicularum habere.
FLOUNCE, || INTRANS. , volutari (to roll about, etc. , sus cœnoso lacu, Columella ; in luto, Cicero, figuratively). To flounce about in the waves, æquora cauda versare (of dolphins, Vergilius). || To move with passionate agitation, * violento impetu modo huc modo illuc rapi : tumultuari (to storm about).
FLOUNCE,TRANS. , * fimbriis ornare.
Flounced, fimbriatus : prolixe fimbriatus.
FLOUNCE, s. , instita (used by Roman matrons ; it reached to the instep) : fimbriæ (a fringe ; the thrums of a woven garment, collected into ornamental knots) : segmenta (probably thin plates of gold, laminæ, stitched to the bottom of gowns, etc. ).
FLOUNDER, s. , * pleuronectes flesus (Linnæus).
FLOUNDER, v. , se volutare : volutari (to roll one’s self, e. g. , in luto, in the mud) : titubare (to stumble about, properly and figuratively) : to flounder about in error, fluitare in errore : to come floundering home, domum reverti titubanti pede (Phædrus). To flounder out of anything, (se) emergere ex aliqua re.
FLOUR (ground corn), farina (as well properly of corn as of things that may be bruised or ground like corn).
Fine flour, farina minuta ; pollen (if sifted) : barley flour, wheat flour, farina hordeacea, triticea : belonging to flour, farinarius : full of flour, farinosus : looking like flour, farinulentus : containing flour, or of the nature of flour, farinaceus (Vet. Onomast. ) : food prepared from flour, * cibus e farina paratus : * puls e farina facta.
FLOUR-BAG,
FLOUR-SACK, * saccus farinarius.
FLOUR-BARREL, cumera farinæ (Horatius). κυρικιμασαηικο
FLOUR-SIEVE, cribrum farinarium.
FLOURISH, || To be in a prosperous state, florere : florescere : vigere (to thrive) : Cf. , inclarescere is post-classical. At the time when the state was flourishing, florentissimis rebus. || To be celebrated, gloria florere : esse in laude : gloria circumfluere : omnium sermone celebrari : in magno nomine et gloria esse : magna celebritate famæ esse (stronger terms). || In singing, numeros et modos et frequentamenta incinere (Gellius, 1, 11) : flectere vocem (Ovidius, Am. , 2, 4, 25). || To use florid language, flosculos congerere : floridiore dicendi genere uti : orationem ornare (or exornare) atque illuminare, etc. : orationem dicendi luminibus ornare. || To play in circular movements, etc. , rotari(e. g. , ignis supra caput ; cf. quotation from Pope, in Johnson).
FLOURISH, INTRANS. , vibrare (bastam, tela, etc. ). To flourish a sword, ensem rotare (Vergilius). || To ornament, * floribus ornare, distinguere (to ornament with flowers) : acu pingere.
FLOURISH (a trumpet), inflare buccinam : classicum canere (if as a signal of alarm).
FLOURISH, s. , ornatus : ornamentum (ornament, inasmuch as it contributes to the beauty of anything ; beautifying ornament) : cultus (anything that is added to the external part for the sake of improving it) : Ornamentum ineptum (a badly-managed or ill-conceived, tasteless ornament ; of things in general) : lenocinium (an awkward and tasteless or grotesque ornament, in speech and song, etc. ). A flourish in singing, flexiones or flexus vocis (vid. Ernesti, Lex. techn. Latin rhet. , p. 173) : to add or introduce a flourish in singing, numeros et modos et frequentamenta incinere (Gellius, 1, 11) : a flourish in speech, or in speaking, flosculi : dicendi, or orationis, or verborum lumina (any prominent or ornamental part) ; quasi verborum sententiarumque insignia : calamistra (affected flourishes or ornaments, Cicero, Tacitus ; literally, curling-irons).
FLOURISHING, florens (properly and improperly) : flourishing circumstances, res florentes, florentissimæ : to be in flourishing circumstances, florere omnibus copiis [Vid. To FLOURISH] ; and of the flourishing circumstances relative to wealth ; vid. WEALTHY, RICH.
FLOUT, Vid. To JEER.
FLOW, v. , ||(A) PROPR. , fluere (general term) : lahi (to flow gently to a place) : ferri (to flow quickly to a place ; vid. Hirtius, B. G. , 8, 40) : manare (to run down or out ; from anything, de or ex re ; of the flowing of thicker fluids than water ; e. g. , of tears, sweat, etc. Döderlein refers manare to the over-fulness of the spring ; fluere, to the physical law by which a fluid body flows on if not stopped) : liquescere : liquefieri (to become liquid, to melt ; of wax, etc. : opposed to concrescere). To flow out from anything, effluere ex, etc. ; profluere ex, etc. (to flow forth out of anything ; of any liquid) : to flow into anything, influere in aliquid (e. g. , into the ocean) ; profluere in aliquid (to flow forward ; e. g. , into the sea) ; deferri in aliquid (to flow fast from a higher place to a lower ; e. g. , into a river) ; effundi in aliquid (to pour itself into the sea, etc. ) : to flow through anything, fluere per aliquid (Cf. , not perfluere) : to flow through the middle of a place (a town, etc. ), medium per locum fluere ; medium locum interfluere ; medio loco fluere (to flow in the middle of a place, Livius 24, 3) : to flow at the very foot of the mountain, in imis radicibus
montis ferri (Hirtius, B. G. , 8, 40) : the fountain has ceased to flow, fons profluere desit. || Opposed to ” to ebb, ” accedere (Cæsar), affluere (Plinius, ; both to flow in) : æstus maris intumescit or æstus ex alto se incitat : æstus crescit (opposed to decrescit, Varro). [Vid. To EBB. ]A fountain that ebbs and flows, fons qui crescit decrescitque (e. g. , ter in die) ; fons, quem nescio quod libramentum abditum et cæcum, quum exinanitus est, suscitat et elicit, quum repletus, moratur et strangulat (after Plinius, Ep. , 4, 30). || (B) figuratively, (1) Generally ; from his mouth flowed speech sweeter than honey, ex ejus lingua fluebat melle dulcior oratio ; ejus ore sermo melle dulcior profluebat : the sweat flowed from his body, multo sudore manavit (after Cicero, De Div. , 1, 34, 74) ; manabat ei toto de corpore sudor (Lucretius, 6, 994 : Cf. , membra fluunt sudore et lassitudine, Livius, 23, 17, is, they become relaxed). (2) Especially, (a) To flow ; i. e. , to move itself gently and gradually, fluere (e. g. , hair flows over the neck, comæ per colla fluunt, Propertius, 2, 2, 23) ; hence, the speech flows, oratio fluit. (b) To flow out of anything ; i. e. , to arise, proceed, fluere (Cf. , not profluere) a or ex, etc. ; manare a or ex, etc. (to arise and spread abroad ; e. g. , peccata ex vitiis manant) ; oriri (ab aliqua re), but more commonly exoriri (ex aliqua re) ; nasci (ex or a : a timore, Cæsar) ; gigni (ex aliqua re ; ab aliquo) ; proficisci (ex aliqua re ; but mostly from a person, ab aliquo) ; exsistere (ex aliqua re ; also ex aliqua re, ut ex stirpe quadam exsistere, Cicero) ; erumpere (implying rapidity, violence ; ex aliqua re) ; aliquid alicujus rei fons est : to flow from the same source, ex eodem fonte fluere. (c) To flow into anything (i. e. , to be brought to it), deferri, referri in aliquid (delerri, to be given voluntarily ; referri, as a debt, from some obligation, as tribute, etc. ; both ; e. g. , into the public treasury, in ærarium) : a considerable revenue flows into the public treasury, haud parvum vectigal ærario additur (Livius 7, 15). || To flow down, defluere. To flow forth, effluere : emanare. profluere : diffluere (in different directions).
FLOW, s. , || Act of flowing, fluxus (Plinius) : fluxio : flumen (as that which flows ; also, figuratively, of speech) : fluxura (the emitting of a liquid, Columella 3, 2, 17) : fluor (e. g. , of the eyes ; called also illacrimatio) : lapsus (the gentle, continual flow ; e. g. , of a stream) : perennitas (the constant flow, of a well, etc. ). || Opposed to “to ebb,” accessus maris, æstus commutatio (when the ebb has been previously spoken of ; vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 8). Ebb and flow, æstus maritimi. The ebb and flow of the sea, æstus maritimi accedentes et recedentes. [Vid. EBB. ]The flow is beginning, æstus ex alto se incitat ; mare intumescit : the flow is over, æstus minuit. || Of speech, flumen orationis (as a quality of the speech itself) : cursus dicendi (the flow and progress of the speech, Quintilianus) : oratio volubilis ; expedita et perfacile currens oratio ; verborum expedita ac profluens quodammodo celeritas (as quality of the speaker who possesses it). A speaker who possesses a flow of language, orator volubilis (Cicero, Brut. , 27, 105) : uniform flow of speech, oratio æquabiliter profluens : a gentle and uniform flow of speech, orationis genus cum quadam lenitate æquabili profluens : flow of eloquence, copia dicendi (as a property of the speaker ; vid. Beier, Cicero, Offic. , 2, 5, 16, p. 34) ; also, velut quoddam flumen eloquentiæ. To have a good flow of language, verba volvere ; volubilem esse oratorem, commode verba facere (from the complete knowledge of a language ; Nepos, Them. , 10, 1). To check anybody’s flow of speech, cursum dicendi refrænare (Quintilianus, 8, proœm. 27 ; of a thing). Anybody’s flow of words is impeded by anything, cursus dicendi tenetur aliqua re (Quintilianus, 4, 3, 13). An empty flow of words, flumen or turba inanium verborum. || A flow of spirits, effusio animi in lætitia (Cicero, Tusc. 4, 31, 66).
FLOWER, flos (in all the meanings of the English word).
Full of flowers, floridus : gathered flowers, flores carpti or demessi : to come into flower, or full flower [vid. To FLOWER, INTRANS. ]a small flower, flosculus : a full-blown flower, * flos plenus : to deal in flowers, * flores venditare : covered with flowers, floribus vestitus (e. g. , meadows, prata) : the filament of a flower, * filamentum (floris) : pollen of a flower, * pollen : a painter of flowers [vid. FLOWER-PAINTER] : the stalk of a flower, * pediculus : the goddess of flowers, Flora : the smell or odour of flowers, odores, qui afflantur e floribus (Cf. , odores also = “aromatic flowers : ” malagmata maxime ex odoribus fiunt, Celsus) : the tup of a flower, doliolum floris : wreath of flowers, corona florea ; corolla (to be distinguished from sertum ; i. e. , festoon, as occasional ornament for windows, doors, etc. ; the corollæ were used on solemn occasions ; e. g. , at a sacrifice, as personal ornament). The ancients also used to communicate sentimental thoughts by means of flower-wreaths, corollæ ; vid. Boettiger’s Sabina, 1, p. 230 ; this mode of correspondence is even now sometimes carried on (in the way of amusement) in Germany, between young lovers, and termed ” Blumensprache, ” i. e. , ” flower-language : ” to converse in the language of flowers, * floribus or corollis animi sensus exprimere. To adorn with a wreath of flowers, sertis or floribus redimire. || In architecture ; (carved) flowers, flores encarpa, orum (flowers and leaves entwined). || FIG. || Flowers of speech, flores : flosculi. To cull flowers of speech, flosculos carpere atque delibare. || The best state or specimen of anything, flos ; e. g. , of youth, juventutis (i. e. , the most excellent or distinguished part) : robur, or plural, robora, the strongest part, etc. (of Italy, the army, etc. ). The flower of the cavalry, validissimi equitum : these troops were the very flower of the army, hoc erat robur exercitus ; id roboris in exercitu erat : to lose the flower of his troops, quod roboris in exercitu erat amittere : the flower of the nobility, flos nobilitatis : the flower of virtue, insigne virtutis, laudis : to be the flower of one’s age, exornare nostræ ætatis gloriam : Pompeius, the flower of the empire, Pompeius, decus imperii : Hortensius, the flower of the state, Hortensius, lumen et ornamentum reipublicæ : Corinth, the flower of all Greece, Corinthus, Græciæ totius lumen : Gallia-Cisalpina is the flower of Italy, Gallia est flos Italiæ. Cf. , Flos is used of a single person by Ennius, as apoet, Cethegum. . . florem populi (ap. Cicero, Brut. , 15, 58), but in prose it should be decus, lumen, etc. To be in the very flower of one’s age, florere integerrima ætate : the flower of one’s age, ætas florens, optima, integra ; ætatis flos : to be in the flower of one’s age, in flore ætatis esse ; ætate florere. Dietrich remarks that aliquem florenti ætate esse was not used, but aliquem florentem ætate esse ;this, however, does not hold good of poetry ; equus florenti ætate : ævo florente puella (Lucretius), Schneider, Jahrb. für Phil. , etc. , Dec, 1846. To die in the flower of one’s age, exstingui in ipso ætatis flore ; in flore ætatis eripi rebus humanis (Curtius 10, 5, 10).
FLOWER, v. , TRANS. (i. e. , to ornament with embroidery), pingere acu ; also, pingere only (Vergilius, Æn. , 9, 582, etc. ; compare with Plinius, 8, 48, 74, § 195).
FLOWER, v. , INTRANS. , florere : florescere (to begin to blossom) : florem mittere, expellere (to put forth blossoms) : efflorescere (improperly) : utriculum rumpere : florem aperire : dehiscere (to open the calix) : florem expandere, sese pandere : dehiscere ac sese pandere (to come into full flower ; vid. Plinius, 12, 11, 23). || To be in the prime, in flore esse : florere : “to be in the FLOWER of one’s age, ” vid. || To froth, vid.
FLOWER-BASKET, calathus.
FLOWER BED, area floribus consita.
FLOWER-BULB, bulbus ; bulbulus (a small one).
FLOWER-DE-LUCE, iris : * iris pseudacorus (Linnæus).
FLOWER-GARDEN, floralia, ium (sc. loca).
FLOWER-GARDENER, florum cultor.
FLOWER-LIKE, floridus.
FLOWER- PAINTER, * qui flores pictura imitatur.
FLOWER-PIECE, pictura florum (the painting, after Plinius, 16, 33, 60) ; tabula picta florum : tabula in qua sunt flores (the tablet with the painting, after Plinius, 35, 4, 7, and 85 8, 35).
FLOWER-POT, * testa florum.
FLOWER-STALK,Vid. under FLOWER.
FLOWER-WORK (in architecture), flores (e. g. , on the capital of a Corinthian column) : encarpa, orum (flowers and leaves entwined).
FLOWERET, flosculus.
FLOWERING-FERN, * osmunda regalis (Linnæus).
FLOWERING-RUSH, * butomus umbellatus (Linnæus).
FLOWERY, floridus : floribus vestitus (clad with flowers ; e. g. , prata) : florens (blooming). || Of style ; Vid. FLORID.
FLOWING,(A) PROPR. , fluens : manans [SYN. in To FLOW] : perennis : jugis (always flowing ; of water, of a well, brook, etc. ).
Flowing water, flumen vivum. (B) FIG. , Of speech, fluens [vid. observation at the end of this article] : profluens : volubilis (rolling fast, voluble ; of a speaker, and the speech, especially when the speech consists entirely of short sentences ; vid. Cicero, Brut. , 28, 108 ; Or. , 56, 187, where oratio stabilis is opposed to it). The easy and flowing speech of the orator, expedita et perfacile currens oratio (Cicero, Brut. , 63, 227) ; tractus orationis lenis et æquabilis (Cicero, De Or. , 2, 13, 54) ; also, verborum expedita ac profluens quodammodo celeritas (Cicero, Brut. , 61, 220) : a flowing style of writing, genus orationis profluens ; * genus dicendi sponte sua fusum ; * oratio leniter profluens : flowing verses. versus fluentes
; versus sponte sua ad numeros aptos venientes (Ovidius, Trist. , 4, 10, 25) : to be written in flowing elegiac verses, scriptum elegis esse fluentibus (Plinius, Ep. , 5, 17, 2) ; in a flowing manner, facile ; commode : Cf. , dissoluta aut fluens oratio, dissipata et fluens oratio, are expressions of blame, denoting a want of nerve, vigor, conciseness, etc. || Flowing ; of garments, fluens (e. g. , veste fluente ; tunicis fluentibus) : fluitans (vestis, Tacitus ; amictus, Catullus).
FLOWING, s. ,Vid. FLOOD, FLOW.
FLOWINGLY, fluenter (Lucretius). Vid. FLUENTLY.
FLUCTUATE, fluctuare (in nearly all the meanings of the English verb ; fluctuare animo, nunc huc nunc illuc ; in decreto aliquo, to be unsteady and inconsistent in maintaining a philosophical opinion, inter spem metumque, Livius ; also, fluctuari ; e. g. , animo, Livius) : fluitare (to flow about unsteadily) : jactari (to be tossed about unsteadily ; e. g. , of the rate of exchange, nummus jactatur, Cicero, Off. , 3, 20, 28) : vacillare (to totter, as it were ; to be unsteady ; e. g. , stabilitas alicujus rei vacillat).
FLUCTUATING,Vid. UNSTEADY, CHANGEABLE, etc.
FLUCTUATION, fluctuatio (properly and improperly ; rare ; not præ-Augustan ; animorum, Livius) : immutatio (change ; SYN. in CHANGE) : vicissitudo (regular alternation) : varietas (variety ; e. g. , of weather, cœli).
Fluctuation of opinion, fluctuatio animorum (irresolution) ; the battle continued for a long time with many fluctuations of success, diu anceps stetit victoria : a fluctuation between fear and hope, anceps spes et metus (Livius 30, 32).
FLUE, || A pipe or aperture of a furnace or chimney ; perhaps æstuarium (an aperture to let the heat escape) : cuniculus fornacis (Plinius, 9, 38, 62). || Down, vid.
FLUENCY, || Of speech, linguæ volubilitas or mobilitas ; orationis celeritas ; verborum expedita et profluens quodammodo celeritas : copia dicendi : expedita et perfacile currens oratio.
Fluency in expression, facilitas (e. g. , to acquire a perfect fluency in speaking, assequi firmam facilitatem, Quintilianus, 10, 1, 59) : that he may obtain greater fluency of speech, quo sit absolutius os (Quintilianus, 1, 1, 37). [Vid. FLOW (of speech). ] || Smoothness, levitas (as quality, also of expression). || Abundance, vid.
FLUENT, || PROPR. , [vid. FLOWING]. || Of a speaker, lingua promptus : celer (quick) : expeditus (without difficulty) : copiosus (rich in words, of a writer and his writings).
Fluent speech, oratio volubilis or expedita : liquidum genus sermonis (having an agreeable flow ; Cicero, De Or. , 2, 38) ; lingua celeris et exercitata ; linguæ celeritas or volubilitas : a fluent speaker, orator volubilis or facilis et expeditus ad dicendum. Vid. FLOWING.
FLUENTLY, facile : commode. To speak fluently, * cum orationis volubilitate loqui (from rapidity of utterance) ; commode verba facere (from possessing a knowledge of the language, Nepos, Them. , 10, 1) : to have acquired the power of speaking correctly and fluently, firmam facilitatem assecutum esse (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 59).
FLUID, liquor (as substance, whose parts separate by themselves) : humor (moistness, opposed to dryness ; vid. Celsus, 4, 2, No. 4, extr. ; Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 57, 5) : aqua (water, as the most common of fluids). Cf. , latex is poetical only.
FLUIDITY,
FLUIDNESS, liquiditas (very late ; æris, Appuleius) : * fluida natura.
FLURRY, || Gust, vid. || Hurry, vid.
FLUSH, v. , TRANS. , || To color, vid. || To elate, aliquem superbum facere : alicui spiritus afferre : inflare alicujus animum ad intolerabilem superbiam (e. g. , of fortune ; Livius, 45, 31).
Flushed, elatus (aliqua re) : ferox (aliqua re).
Flushed with success, successu rerum ferocior (Tacitus) ; successu exsultans (Vergilius) : he was not so flushed with success as to become careless, nec superior successu curam remittebat (Quintilianus, 1, 2, 24).
FLUSH, v. , INTRANS. || Flow, vid. || Hasten (obsol. ), vid. || Blush, glow, vid.
FLUSH, adjective || Fresh, vigorous, vid. || Full of money, etc. (cant term). To be flush, argentum or pecuniam habere : not to be flush, imparatum esse a pecunia ; nummos numeratos non habere.
FLUSH, s. , || Violent flow, vid. FLOW. || A flush of joy, effusio animi in lætitia (Cicero).
FLUSTER, v. , [Vid. To HURRY, To AGITATE. ]To be flustered (by drinking), incalescere vino.
FLUTE, tibia (with the ancients usually tibiæ, i. e. , double-flute). To put the flute to one’s lips or mouth, tibiam ad labra referre : to play on the flute, tibia canere ; (skillfully) scienter cantare tibia : fit or proper for the flute, tibialis : auleticus (e. g. , calamus, i. e. , the reed) : one who sells flutes, qui tibias venditat (after Val. Max. , 3, 4, extr. , 2) : the sound of the flute, tibiæ cantus.
FLUTE, v. (technical term architecture) striare.
Fluted, striatus.
FLUTE-PLAYER, one who plays the flute, tibicen, feminine, tibicina.
FLUTING, s. , striatura : stria : canalis (as thing).
FLUTTER, INTRANS. , volitare (of birds) : fluitare (of things ; e. g. , sails ; vid. Ovidius, Met. , 11, 470) : circumvolitare aliquid or aliquem (to flutter round anything or anybody) ; also, * volitare ultro citroque per auras (Lucretius, 4, 36).
From the context, volitare (e. g. , before anybody’s eyes, ante oculos). To flutter about any place, volitare in aliquo loco : volitare passim per aliquem locum (also, of persona who appear in public, Cicero, Cat, 2, 3, 5 ; Rosc. Am. , 46, 135) : to flutter round any place, circumvolare or circumvolitare aliquem locum or aliquem (but not absolutely ; for circumvolitantium alitum, Tacitus, Hist. , 2, 50, is = fluttering round him) : lustrare aliquid (to encircle in its flight ; e. g. , signa, of an eagle) : to flutter round in a circle, in gyrum flecti . || To be in a state of uncertainty, dubitatione æstuare (vid. Cicero, Verr. , 2, 30, 74) ; fluctuare.
FLUTTER, TRANS. , || Put to flight (like birds), fugare : abigere (e. g. , volucres, to drive off). To hurry the mind, agitare : sollicitare : sollicitum facere : commovere : turbare : conturbare : perturbare.
FLUTTER, || Fluttering, vid. || Commotion or hurry of the mind, trepidatio : tumultus (Cicero, Deiot. , 7, 20) : confusio (Velleius, 2, 124). To be all in a flutter, trepidare (of one or more persons) ; perturbatum esse ; mentis habitu moveri.
FLUTTERING, s. , The nearest substantives are plausus (e. g. , alarum, the clapping of the wings) : volatus (general term for the flight of birds).
FLUX, fluxus, us (Plinius ; also, of the fusion of a metal, or the result of it : picem non aliud esse quam combustæ resinæ fluxum, Plinius) : fluxio (e. g. , aquarum, Cicero ; sanguinis, ventris, oculorum, etc. ) : fluxura (Columella, 3, 2, 17 and 32) : fluor (flux of the bowels), also, solutio et fluor stomachi (Scribonius, Larg. ). [Vid. DYSENTERY] All things are in a state of flux, omnibus res quæque minuitur : omnia quasi longinquo ævo fluere videmus (both after Lucretius, 2, 68) ; nihil est toto quod perstet in orbe ; cuncta fluunt (Ovidius, Met. , 15, 178). || Flux (and reflux) ; vid. FLOW (of the tides).
FLUX, TRANS. ,Vid. To MELT, To FUSE.
FLUXION, fluxio (also as technical term in Math. ). Vid. , FLUX.
FLY, musca. A Spanish fly, cantharis : to catch fies, muscas captare : to drive them away, muscas abigere, fugare.
FLY, v. , || As a bird, volare (also improperly, of things that fly in the air ; e. g. , smoke, missiles, darts, etc. , and likewise of men who run or travel fast) : volitare (to fly hither and thither, to flutter) : fluitare (to fly in the air ; e. g. , sails, colors, etc. ) : avolare (to fly away to a place ; also improperly ; e. g. , to Rome, Romam) : advolare (to fly to anybody or any place, ad aliquem or aliquid ; also improperly, e. g. , to the cavalry, ad equites, i. e. , to hasten to them on horseback) : devolare (to fly or hasten down from any place) : evolare ex etc. (to fly out of or forth from, i. e. , to hasten from a spot quickly ; e. g. , from the woods, ex silvis) : involare in, etc. (to fly into anything ; e. g. , in villam, properly, of birds) : prævolare (to fly before or in front) : provolare (to fly forwards ; e. g. , in primum) : revolare (to fly back, or to hasten back to anybody, ad aliquem , improperly) : transvolare in etc. (to fly over, or to the other side, or to hasten over ; e. g. , in aliam partem). To fly up, evolare : sursum subvolare (of birds and things) ; alis or pennis se levare, also se levare (only of birds, properly) : sublime ferri (of things without wings) : * displodi : * disjici (to fly into the air with violence ; e. g. , houses, ships, by explosion) : you would have said that he did not travel, but fly, volare eum, non iter facere diceres : flying (dishevelled) hair, crines passi ; capillus passus. If improperly, used [vid. also, To HASTEN]. An arrow flies from the bow, sagitta emittitur arcu : to fly in anybody’s face (i. e. , to bid him defiance), aliquem provocare : to fly into a passion, iratum fieri ; irritari ; ira incendi, excandescere (the last three, stronger terms). || Flee ; to run away, to take to flight (e. g. , from fear), fugam petere, capere, capessere : fugæ se mandare, se committere : in fugam se dare, se conferre or (if precipitately) in fugam se conjicere (all to take to flight, in a general sense) : terga vertere (especially of soldiers) : in fugam effundi or se effundere (of a large multitude) : fugere a or ex aliquo loco (to fly from a place) : in fuga esse (to be flying) : diffugere (of a multitude flying in different directions) : aufugere (to fly from a place ; absolutely) : effugere (to fly from or away, properly, to
escape by flying ; used absolutely, or from a place, loco, a or ex loco, and improperly, for to escape anything, aliquid) : elabi (to escape imperceptibly, or without being seen ; e. g. , out of a town, urbe ; out of a prison, custodia, vinculis, etc. ) : fuga se subtrahere ; clam se subduceie (to save one’s self by secret flight). The members of the king’s household are flying, fit fuga regis apparitorum : to fly precipitately, præcipitem sese mandare fugæ : to fly from fear, metu perterritum profugere ; to any place, fuga petere locum ; confugere or fugam capessere aliquo : to fly to the camp, in the greatest disorær, fuga effusa castra petere : to fly in another direction, fagam petere in aliam partem : to fly to anybody, confugere or profugere ad aliquem (in order to find protection) ; transfugere ad aliquem (as deserter) : to fly before anybody, fugere aliquem ; before anything, fugere, refugere aliquid : to fly from the field of battle, ex or de prœlio effugere ; ex prœlio fugere or (if by stealth) elabi. || To avoid carefully, fugere. defugere : vilare : devitare : evitare ; all with accusative : to fly from anybody, alicui decedere (to get or go out of his way) ; alicujus aditum sermonemque defugere (to avoid coming into any contact with him, both Cæsar, B. G. , 6, 13, extr. ) : to fly from the looks of the citizens, conspectum civium profugere : to fly from anybody’s presence, se removere a alicujus conspectu ; recedere ab alicujus conspectu ; fugere alicujus conspectum ; vitare alicujus aspectum : to fly from danger, periculum vitare, effugere ; periculo evadere. κυρικιμασαηικο FLY-BOAT (i. e. , a boat built for fast sailing), perhaps cercurus.
FLYER, || One that has run away [vid. FUGITIVE]. || The fly of a jack or machine ; * perhaps libramentum or moderamen.
FLY-FLAP, cauda (Martisalis, 14, 167 and 71, where it is called muscarium, an instrument to keep off flies, it being with the ancients an ox-tail).
FOAL, pullus equi : pullus equinus : from context, pullus only : asellus (of an ass).
FOAL, v. , parere : pullos parere : fetum ponere or procreare.
FOAM, s. , spuma. Vid. To FOAM.
FOAM, v. , spumare (general term) : spumas agere in ore (to foam at the mouth) : albescere (to become white with foam, of water ; Plinius, Ep. , 5, 6, 24, aqua ex edito desiliens albescit, falls down foaming from a height).
FOAMY, spumeus (Vergilius) : spumosus (full of foam, foaming ; Ovidius and Plinius) : spumidus (full of foam ; Appuleius, Apol. , p. 306, 9) : spumifer (carrying, having foam ; e. g. , fons, Ovidius).
FOB, * sacculus bracarum.
FOB, || To cheat, vid. || To FOB OFF, A person, aliquem amovere, removere or amoliri (to get rid of him). To fob anybody off with empty promises, pollicitando lactare alicujus animum (Terentianus) ; lactare aliquem et spe falsi producere : ” to fob off the disgrace of anything, ” dedecus amoliri (Tacitus) ; by anything, * excusatione alicujus rei.
FOCUS, * quasi focus : * locus, in quem radii colliguntur. To collect rays into a focus, * radios tanquam in focum quendam colligere.
FODDER, pabulum (for cattle ; also = “forage ;” but pabulatio is “foraging”) : pastus (general term, food for cattle). This is good fodder, hoc pecudes probe alit : to seek fodder (of animals), pabulum anquirere : to fetch fodder (e. g. , of soldiers), pabulari : to send the soldiers out for fodder, pabulatum (pabulandi causa) milites mittere : to suffer from the want of fodder, premi inopia pabuli : there is plenty of fodder, magna copia pabuli suppetit : to cut off the enemy from the means of getting fodder, hostem pabulatione intercludere : to go out to fetch or look for fodder, pabulatum ire or proficisci : the horse takes its fodder well, equus libenter cibo utitur.
FODDER, v. , || To give food, pabulum dare : to fodder animals well, largo pastu sustentare : to fodder the horses with leaves, equos alere foliis ex arboribus strictis. Vid. To FEED.
FOE,Vid. ENEMY.
FOG, || A mist, nebula : caligo (inasmuch as it produces darkness). A thick fog, nebula densa (opposed to nebula subtilis) : a cold fog, nebula frigida : the rivers are covered with a thick fog, caligant flumina nebulis : a thick fog covered the whole forest and the surrounding country, densa nebula saltum omnem camposque circa intexit : the fog is so thick that one can’t see, nebula adeo densa est, ut lucis usum eripiat : the fog rises, nebulæ de terra, surgunt ; nebula in nubes levatur : like fog, nebulæ similis. || After-grass, fœnum auctumnale or chordum ; to cut it, secare.
FOGGY, nebulosus. It is foggy, cœlum est nebulosum aer est nebulosus. || Dull, vid.
FOH, interj. ,Vid. FIE.
FOIBLE, vitium : vitium mediocre or vitium mediocre et cui ignoscas (Horatius). Have you no foibles? nullane habes vitia ? (Horatius) : Every man living has his foibles, vitiis nemo sine nascitur (Horatius) : to confess that one is not without such a foible, vitio aliquo se non carere confiteri (Cicero) : to know anybody’s foibles, alicujus molles aditus ac tempora nosse (his weak side ; Æn. , 4, 424). To have many foibles, multis erroribus obnoxium esse : to feel one’s foibles, minimum in se esse arbitrari (opposed to plurimum sibi confidere, Cicero, Læl. , 9, 29). Vid. also, WEAKNESS.
FOIL, s. , || A blunt sword for fencing, rudis (with the ancients, a thin rod for fencing) : gladius præpilatus (like our own foils, after Hirtius, B. Afr. , 72) : to fence with foils, batuere armis pugnatoriis (Suetonius, Cal. , 54). || Tinsel, bractea (thin metal sheet, especially of gold ; diminutive, * bracteola auri tremuli ; vid. Juvenalis, 13, 152). To coat a red jewel with silver foil, gemmam rubram argentea bractea sublinere. || That which recommends anything by contrast with itself, perhaps vitium virtuti contrarium, or circumlocution To set off anything by a foil, * rei pulchritudinem ipsa alterius rei deformitate illuminare ; or * virtutem aliquam contrarii exemplo vitii commendare.
FOIL, v. || To frustrate ; e. g. , to be foiled (in one’s expectations or hopes), spe dejici ; spes ad irrttum cadit or redigitur ; spe excidere : if I should be foiled (in my hopes), si spes destituat : to foil anybody’s plans, conturbare alicui omnes rationes : thus they were foiled (in their enterprise), ita frustra id inceptum iis fuit. Vid. To DEFEAT = frustrate.
FOIN, s. , petitio (thrust in fencing, etc. ).
FOIN, v. , petere aliquem gladio : petitionem conjicere in aliquem.
FOIST IN, subdere : subjicere : supponere (to place anything that is not genuine into the place of that which is ; subdere aliquid in locum erasorum, Plinius ; subdere, supponere or subjicere testamentum) : interlinere (e. g. , testamentum, to foist words into it).
Foisted in, subditicius ; suppositus ; falsus.
FOISTER, * suppostor (after Plautus, Truc. , 4, 2, 50, where we find the feminine, suppostrix) : subjector (e. g. , testamentorum, Cicero, Cat. , 2, 2, 7 ; also called elsewhere testamentarius).
FOLD, s. , ovile : stabulum (general term for ” stalls” for cattle ; for sheep, Varro, R. R. , 2, 5, p. 183, Bipont. ) : septa (Varro, ib. ) : crates pastorales (the hurdles). || Of a garment, plicatura, or (if there are many) plicaturæ : ruga (properly, a wrinkle of the skin ; then, also, of a gown, etc. ; fold, considered as a slight elevation) : sinus (the space between the folds, the great fold or hollow made by the manner in which the ancients used to take up their toga with the left arm ; vid. Macrobius, Sat. , 2, 9 ; hence Plinius, 35, 8, 34, Cimon. . . in veste et rugas et sinus invenit). To hang down in folds, replicari in rugas : to arrange one’s dress in graceful folds, collocare vestem (chlamydem, etc. ), ut apte pendeat (Ovidius).
FOLD, v. , || To double up, complicare aliquid (to fold up ; a letter, etc. ) : artare in rugas aliquid : rugas locare in aliqua re (to fold a garment, after Plinius, 8, 10, 10 ; Macrobius, Sat. 2, 9) : Anything is folded, replicatur in rugas (after Plinius, 17, 14, 24) : to fold back, replicare : to fold one’s hands, digitos inter se pectine nectere (Ovidius, Met. , 9, 299) ; digitos pectinatim inter se implectere (Plinius, 28, 6, 179). To sit with one s hands folded, palmas in alternas digitorum vicissitudines super genua connectere (vid. Appuleius, Met. , 3, p. 129, 34). || To fold sheep, stabulare (general term) : includere septis (of sheep, Varro, R. R. , 2, 5) : claudere, with or without textis cratibus (Horatius, Epod. , 2, 45).
FOLDING-DOORS, fores valvatæ : valvæ.
FOLIAGE, frons : folia, orum (leaves in general) : foliatura (Vitruvius, 2, 9, med. ). [Vid. LEAF (leaves). ]
Foliage of oak, poplar, etc. , frons queruea, populea, etc.
FOLIO, liber forma* maximæ : in folio, forma maxima.
FOLK,Vid. PEOPLE.
FOLLOW, (1) || To follow after, sequi : consesequi : insequi : subsequi (to follow immediately or close to) : prosequi (to follow a certain distance, is mostly used of accompanying anybody as a mark of respect, etc. ; e. g. , funeris exsequias prosequi) : persequi (a strengthened sequi, to follow an object with eager or continued pursuit, or up to a certain limit ; all with accusative) : comitari aliquem (to accompany anybody) : inter comites alicujus aspici (to belong to anybody’s retinue). An unusual multitude followed him, stipatus est non usitata frequentia : to follow anybody’s colors or standard, signa or castra alicujus sequi : to follow anybody’s traces, alicujus or alicujus rei vestigia persequi ; also, persequi aliquem or aliquid. Cf. , ” To follow ” is sometimes translated by ille, when hic describes what precedes ; hæc oblectationis, illa ( = those which will follow) necessitatis (Cicero). (2) To come after anybody or anything (with reference to order, rank, dignity, or time) ; succedere alicui and alicui rei (to follow and take the place,
etc. , that the other filled) : excipere aliquem and aliquid (literally, to take anybody or anything up, as it were ; i. e. , to follow immediately ; seldom, as in Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 7, without accusative ; vid. Held, ad loc. ) : continuari alicui rei (to be, as it were, joined on to it ; to follow it without any interval ; e. g. , paci externæ confestim continuatur discordia domi). To follow anybody (as his successor), succedere in alicujus locum, or succedere only ; on the throne, regno ; in alicujus locum suffici (to be elected in the national assembly as anybody’s successor) : the consuls follow each other in a different order in different (historians), aliter apud alios consules ordinati sunt : summer follows winter, hiemem æstas excipit : day follows night, noctem dies subsequitur : one age follows another, ætas succedit ætati : one misfortune follows another, * malum excipit malum : one fraud follows another, fallacia alia aliam trudit (Terentius, Andr. , 4, 4, 39) : to let the act immediately follow the resolution, consultis facta jungere. (3) To proceed or result from anything, sequi, consequi aliquid (e. g. , pœna scelus sequitur ; terrorem pallor consequitur) : manare ex aliqua re (to follow from it ; e. g. , faults are followed by sins, peccata ex vitiis manant) : effici, confici ex aliqua re (as philosophical technical term, “to be inferred from;” e. g. , from the premises, ex propositis effici ; from a syllogism, ex ratiocinatione confici : hence it follows, inde sequitur, or efficitur, or patet ; ex quo effici cogique potest ; i. e. , hence the conclusion may be drawn). Hence it follows, sequitur (with ut, or accusative and infinitive. ) ; sequitur igitur or enim (Cf. , not inde or ex quo sequitur) ; ex quo efficitur : what, then, follows from this ? quid igitur ? quid ergo est? quid postea ? thus it follows that, etc. , ita fit, ut etc. : the one follows from the other, alterum alteri consequens est. Cf. , ” To follow, ” in negative and interrogative clauses, is often best translated by continuo ; continuone ? (e. g. , non continuo, si me in gregem sicariorum contuli, sum sicarius, it does not follow that I am an assassin, because, etc. : si malo careat, continuone fruitur summo bono ?if he is exempt from evil, does it follow that he enjoys the height of happiness ? (4) To be guided by anybody’s example, etc. , sequi aliquem or aliquid (general term) : auctoritate alicujus moveri (to allow one’s self to be influenced by anybody’s authority ; to follow anybody’s counsel, etc. ) : alicui obtemperare (to make one’s own wishes yield to those of another) : dicto alicujus audientem esse (to obey anybody’s commands). To follow anybody’s opinion, views, etc. , sententiam alicujus sequi ; sententiam alicujus probare (to approve of them) : anybody’s advice ought to have been followed, alicujus consilium valere debebat or debuit : to follow no guide but one’s self, suo uti ingenio : follow my advice! mihi crede ! or crede mihi ! (i. e. , let me prevail on you to do what I am doing, or to act like me ; vid. Cicero, Tusc. , I, 31) : to follow a physician’s prescriptions, legibus medici se obligare ; præceptis medici uti (after Ovidius, A. A. , 3, 410) : not to follow them, medentis præcepta negligere (after Plinius, Pan. , 22, 3) : to follow one’s own inclinations, animi impetum sequi. (5) To be of anybody’s party, alicujus partis or partium esse ; alicujus partes or causam sequi ; alicujus sectam sequi (this especially, but not solely, of a philosophical sect), cum aliquo facere ; ab or cum aliquo stare ; alicujus rebus studere or favere ; alicujus esse studiosum : some follow one party, some another, alii alias partes fovent. (6) To follow a trade or profession, facere (e. g. , mercaturam, piraticam) : factitare (e. g. , artem, medicinam) : exercere (e. g. , artem, medicinam, studia) : colere (e. g. , artes studiaque ; agrum, the plough) : tractare (e. g. , artem) : studere alicui rei (e. g. , agriculturæ ; literis).
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To follow one’s own business, sua negotia obire ; suas res administrare : to follow the law, ad juris studium se conferre. 6) As follows (in a narration, to introduce a speech, etc. ) : he spoke as follows, hæc locutus est ; his ferme verbis usus est ; in hunc modum locutus fertur. Vid. ” to this EFFECT. “