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FAVOR, v. , favere ; anybody, alicui, alicujus rebus or partibus ( vid. the proper word anybody, anybody’s party, whether the good-will is manifested in action or not) : propitium esse alicui (to be kindly disposed toward anybody ; commonly of the gods, seldom of men) :
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alicui studere, alicujus esse studiosum (to be favorably inclined toward anybody, especially to be zealous in anybody’s cause) : juvare, adjuvare aliquem (to support or aid ; of persons and favorable events, fortune, etc. ) : esse alicui adjumento : afferre alicui adjumentum (to support or aid ; of persons only) : fovere aliquem : fovere ac tollere aliquem : sustinere ac fovere aliquem : gratia et auctoritate sua sustentare aliquem (to be a supporter of anybody ; to help to raise him, etc. : to civic honors) : suffragari alicui (by one’s vote, recommendation ; then also of favorable events) : velificari alicui (literally, to spread sail for him ; to be zealous in forwarding his interests, Cœlius, ap. Cicero) : prosperare aliquem : obsecundare alicui (to promote anybody’s undertakings, etc. ; of favorable events) : indulgere alicui (to be partial, indulgent, etc. , to anybody, and so to allow him to take liberties, etc. ) : favored, gratiosus alicui or apud aliquem (i. e. , standing or being in anybody’s favor). Cf. , “Favoured” is also favorabilis in Velleius, Quintilianus, Seneca, etc. ; e. g. , facere aliquem favorabilem apud aliquem , Velleius ; but never in the sense of ” favorable. ” To be favored by nature in anything, naturam fautricem habere in aliqua re : to be highly favored both by nature and fortune, instructum esse naturæ fortunasque omnibus bonis : to be favored by fortune, fortuna prospera uti : favored by the obscurity of the night, the vessels reached the shore, naves noctis interventu ad terram pervenerunt : to favor anybody in anything, gratum facere gratincari alicui aliquid ; dare, tribuere alicui aliquid ; accommodare alicui de re (to serve him with regard to anything or in anything ; vid. Cicero, Fam. , 13, 2, 3) : to favor anybody in every respect, omnibus rebus or omnibus in rebus commodare alicui (vid. Cicero, Fam. , 13, 53, 1, and 13, 35, 1) : will you favor me by ? etc. , gratum mihi feceris, si, etc. || To favor anybody with ( = oblige him by giving him, in colloquial language), dare, tribuere, largiri alicui aliquid : to favor anybody with a call, salutandi causa ad aliquem venire ; with one’s presence or a visit, præsentia sua (if one person), or frequentia (if several), ornare aliquem ; with one’s confidence, consiliorum suorum conscium aliquem facere et participem. || To resemble in feature, vid. To RESEMBLE. FAVORABLE, || Of persons and personified objects, favens alicui : studiosus alicujus : benevolus alicui or in aliquem (with the same difference as the substantives in FAVOR) : amicus alicui (amicably or favorably disposed toward anybody) : propitius (of the gods, and also of a superior toward his inferior, though less common in this case) : Cf. , propensus and pronus, in the Golden Age, only denote inclination toward anything, but not predilection for a person, as in Tacitus, etc. To be favorable to anybody, alicui favere ; favore aliquem complecti ; alicujus esse studiosum : favorable sentiments toward anybody, propensa in aliquem voluntas. || Of things (corresponding with views, wishes, design, etc), faustus (as an effect of divine favor ; e. g. , a day, omen, etc. ). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) faustus felixque : dexter (literally, on the right hand ; of favorable omens ; of birds, etc. ) : secundus (the proper word, of a favorable wind ; then, general term, for what goes according to one’s wishes ; a battle, circumstances, an event, etc. ) : prosper (of what fulfills one’s hopes and wishes ; e. g. , progress, event, consequence of an undertaking, return, circumstances, etc. ) : commodus (fit, convenient) : idoneus (suitable for a certain purpose) : opportunus (favorably situated with reference to place ; then also with reference to time). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) opportunus atque idoneus : æquus (convenient ; of place and time ; opposed to iniquus ; mostly, but not always, attended by a negative ; vid. Cæsar, B, C, 1, 85 ; cf. Suetonius, Cæsar, 35). Cf. , A possessive pronoun (meus, tuus, suus, etc. ) is often sufficient to express “favorable ;” e. g. , to fight under favorable circumstances or auspices, suo Marte or sua fortuna pugnare. I am fighting on favorable ground, or in a favorable position, meo loco pugnam facio.
Favorable circumstances, res secundæ, prosperæ (with reference to fortune, etc. ) ; opportunitas temporis, tempus opportunum (times or circumstances that will favor anything, or be favorable to anything, εὐκαιρία) : favorable wind, ventus secundus, or prosper, or idoneus : to set sail with a favorable wind, ad occasionem auræ evehi (Suetonius, Oct. , 87) : favorable weather, idonea tempestas (e. g. , ad navigandum) : favorable season or time of the year, idoneum or commodum anni tempus : a favorable place, ground, or spot (e. g. , for fighting a battle), locus opportunus, or idoneus, or opportunus atque idoneus ; locus æquus : the ground or place, as well as the time being favorable, et loco et tempore æquo : he did not consider the ground favorable for his army, non æquum locum videbat suis. FAVORABLY, benevole : amice : prospere : fauste [SYN. in FAVORABLE]. To be favorably inclined toward anything, propensum, etc. , esse ad aliquid ; alicui rei studere ; toward anybody, alicui favere ; inclinatione voluntatis propendere in aliquem (stronger term ; e. g. , toward anybody or a party, on the part of a judge). To make anybody favorably inclined to anything, alicujus animum inclinare ad aliquid (e. g. , ad pacem) : I am favorably disposed for anything, or to do anything, animus inclinat, ut, etc. : not to be favorably inclined or disposed, ab aliqua re alienum esse.
FAVORER, fautor (he who is favorably inclined or disposed toward anybody or anything ; e. g. , bonorum, nobilitatis, Cicero ; laudis, Cicero ; FEM. , fautrix) : studiosus alicujus (vid. FAVOR) : to be a favorer of anybody, alicui favere ; alicujus esse studiosum.
FAVORITE, either carissimus (dearest) : præcipuus, præstantissimus (best) ; or by circumlocution, quem, quod, etc. , aliquis in deliciis habet ; qui, quæ, quod, etc. , in deliciis est alicui. A favorite ape, simia, quam aliquis in deliciis habet. A favorite author or writer, scriptor gratissimi studii (after Suetonius, Ner. , 47) ; scriptor, quem aliquis non legit, sed lectitat (after Plinius, Ep. 2, 17, 18) ; scriptor, quem aliquis diligentissime cognovit, neque e manibus dimittit (Cicero, Or. , 30, 105). A favorite book, liber, quem aliquis non legit, sed lectitat (after Plinius, Ep. 2, 17, 8) ; liber, quem aliquis non (or numquam) dimittit e manibus (after Cicero, Or. , 30, 105). A favorite expression of anybody’s, * vox, qua longe omnium maxime aliquis utitur ; * vox, quam aliquis in deliciis habet : a favorite cup, poculum gratissimi usus : a favorite dish, cibus delectabilis (Tacitus). A favorite maid, dilecta alicui ex ancillis præcipue (i. e. , of the women at court ; after Plinius, 35, 10, 36, No. 12, § 86) ; ancilla alicui percara (after Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 19, 2) ; gratissima ancillarum (after Suetonius, Tit. , 7) ; delicata (Inscr. ). A favorite notion, thought, species quædam, quam amplexatur aliquis : a favorite opinion, sententia, quam aliquis adamavit. A favorite occupation, * studium, quo maxime delectatur aliquis : anything is anybody’s favorite occupation, aliquis maxime delectatur aliqua re ; aliquis maxime versatur in aliqua re. A favorite pursuit, studium, quo aliquis maxime ducitur, or * cui aliquis maxime indulget ; sometimes from the context studium, or ingenii voluptas only : to indulge in some favorite pursuit, animum ad aliquid studium adjungere : to follow one’s favorite pursuit, ingenii sui voluptati indulgere : everybody has his favorite pursuit, suo quisque studio maxime ducitur ; hic in illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget ; trahit sua quemque voluptas (Vergilius, Ecl. , 2, 65) : his favorite pursuits, studia sua. A favorite slave, dilectus alicui ex servis præcipue : servus alicui percarus : gratissimus servorum : delicatus (Inscr. ) : the latter was the favorite slave of his master, is longe omnium servorum carissimus erat domino (after Curtius 3, 12, 16) : a favorite theme or subject, res, quam aliquis libenter tractat ; * res, de qua aliquis sæpe et libenter quidem disserit. A favorite wish, * quod alicui maxime in votis est. A favorite mistress (being a slave), dilecta alicui ex pallacis præcipue (Plinius, 35, 10, 36, No. 12, § 86). A favorite work, * opus, quo aliquis maxime delectatur. || A favorite, as substantive (α) Generally, deliciæ, amores. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) deliciæ atque amores alicujus : anybody is my favorite, is a great favorite of mine, est mihi aliquis in deliciis, or in amoribus, or in amore et deliciis aliquem in deliciis habeo ; est aliquis in sinu et complexu meo ; est aliquis de complexu et sinu meo ; est aliquis in oculis meis ; est mihi aliquis percarus ; est mihi aliquis longe omnium (amicorum, as friend ; or liberorum, as child) carissimus : to be a favorite of the gods, a diis diligi : to be a favorite with the people, popularibus carum esse acceptumque : no one was a greater favorite with the people, nemo multitudini carior fuit : anything makes anybody a favorite with all the better sort, aliquid aliquem apud optimum quemque favorabilem facit (Velleius). (β) Of a prince, principi or principis familiaris (vid. Suetonius, Ner. , 20, Vit. ) ; also, apud principem gratiosus : a favorite of fortune, quem fortuna complex est or fovet : to be anybody’s favorite, gratia alicujus florere ; gratia multum valere apud aliquem
: to be the declared favorite of a prince, principi omnium amicorum esse carissimum : of his freed men, his favorite was Posides, libertorum præcipue suspexit Posiden (Suetonius, Claud. , 28) : she was by far the greatest favorite with her mistress, ea longe omnium ancillarum erat carissima dominæ (after Curtius, 3, 12, 6).
FAVORITISM, sometimes ambitio (the wish to obtain anybody’s favoritism). By circumlocution. To complain of favoritism, queri, quod aliquid per ambitionem factum (or non) factum sit or esset (cf. Livius 3, 47).
FAWN, s. , * vitulus capreæ (general term) : hinnuleus (a young roebuck).
FAWN, v. , fetus edere or procreare : catulos parere (general term for ” to bring forth”).
FAWN UPON,Vid. To FLATTER.
FAWNER,Vid. FLATTERER. FAWNING,Vid. FLATTERY. FAWNINGLY, blande : per blanditias : adulando : more adulantium : blanditiis vernilibus (Tacitus).
FAY. Vid. FAIRY, ELF. FEALTY, fides : To swear fealty, in verba jurare (Livius 22, 11, extr. ) ; to anybody, in verba or nomen alicujus jurare (to take an oath of fidelity ; of citizens, in Livius, 32, 5, 4 ; of official persons, Tacitus, Ann. , 1, 7, 1 ; of soldiers, Livius, 28, 29, extr. ) ; or by the general terms, se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem alicujus permittere ; recipi in fidem alicujus ; sequi fidem alicujus, etc. To allow anybody to swear fealty to him, aliquem in nomen suum jurare pati (of soldiers, in Suetonius, Claud. , 10) : to compel anybody to swear fealty to him, aliquem in sua verba jusjurandum adigere (of. subjects, Cæsar, B. C. , 2, 18). Vid. FAITH, ALLEGIANCE. HOMAGE. FEAR, s. , metus (fear, as a thought or apprehension that an evil, however distant it may be at the moment, may befall us ; it is based on precaution, deliberation, and circumspection ; cf. Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 7, 13, and 37, 80 ; 5, 18, 52. In a philosophical sense, ” metus” is the generic term ; vid. Cicero, Tusc. , 4, 17, 16) : timor (fear, as a feeling or anxiety which an approaching evil produces in us ; it is especially a mark of weakness and timidity ; cf. Cicero, Tusc. 4, 8, 19). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) metus ac timor : verecundia (the shrinking from anything which would hurt one’s feeling of self-respect ; e. g. , of disgrace, turpitudinis) : terror (sudden fear, fright, manifesting itself by the paleness of the face, trembling of the whole body, and chattering of the teeth ; vid. Cicero, in the passages referred to) : pavor (the fear of the coward, or of one who is panic-struck, etc. ; vid. Livius, 6, 12 ; terrorem equestrem occupatis alio pavore infer ; compare Cicero, etc. , as quoted above) : trepidatio (the fear that manifests itself in disquietude, as in running to and fro without object, etc. ) : horror : formido (denote the highest degree of fear, horror). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) horror formidoque : timiditas (timidity) : ignavia (the timidity of the pusillanimous man. Cf. , ” timiditas” may at times be excusable, but “ignavia” never is). A reasonable fear, timor verus : an unreasonable or groundless fear, timor falsus, inanis ; metus vanus : the fear of, etc. , metus, timor alicujus (or alicujus rei), or ab aliquo (or a re) : constant fear of, etc. , timor assiduus a, etc. : standing in fear of anything, metuens alicujus rei : a (salutary) fear of royal or consular authority, metus regius or consularis (cf. Livius, 2, 1, in. ) : the fear of their slaves, terror servilis ne suus cuique domi hostis esset (Livius) : fear respecting one’s domestic affairs, timor domesticus : from fear of punishment, metu pœnæ : from fear of anybody (i. e. , to do anything), alieno metu facere aliquid : for fear the enemy should fall upon them, præ metu, ne hostis irrumperet : full of fear, metu (timore) perterritus, timore perculsus, metu fractus et debilitatus (entirely beside one’s self from fear) : without fear, metu vacuus. [Compare FEARLESS. ]To be without fear, sine metu (timore) esse ; metu vacare : to be or live in fear, in metu (timore) esse ; (but for ” metuere’ and ” timere, ” used absolutely for “to be in fear,” we find no authority in Latin dictionaries ; “timere” is, however, used in that sense by Tacitus, Agr. , 32, 2) ; metuentem vivere (vid. Horatius, Ep. , 1, 16, 66) : to be or live in great fear, in magno metu (timore) esse, versari ; also pavere ; trepidare, especially with metu, formidine (†) : to be in fear. about anybody, in metu esse propter aliquem : to be seized with fear respecting anything, perterritum esse metu alicujus rei : I am in great fear about you, præcipuum metum, quod ad te attinet, habeo : to be no longer in fear, omittere, abjicere timorem : to be in fear by anybody’s means, esse in metu propter aliquem (Cicero) : to feel something between hope and fear, to be divided between hope and fear, inter spemm etumque suspensum esse (Livius 8, 13) ; inter spem metumque fluctuare (Livius 42, 59, 8) ; inter spem et desperationem hæsitare (Curtius 4, 15, 3) ; dubia spe et suspenso metu esse (after Justinus, 19, 2, 11) : to put anybody in fear, or to inspire anybody with fear, metum (timorem, terrorem, pavorem, formidinem) alicui injicere, incutere ; metum (timorem, terrorem) alicui afferre, inferre, offerre ; aliquem in metum compellere, conjicere : anything produces fear, timor incutitur ex re : anything puts me in fear, facit mihi aliquid timorem : in great fear, aliquid me summo timore afficit : to be overwhelmed, etc. , beside one’s self, etc. , with fear. , magno timore affici, percelli ; metu frangi, debilitari, perterreri, exanimari (Cicero) ; timore perterreri (Cæsar) : my friends are in great fear about me, maximo de nobis timore affecti sunt amici nostri : anything fills the minds of men with the greatest fear, aliquid animos ad summum timorem traducit : the fear they entertained of the aristocracy was sunk in the greater fear which the Romans inspired, major a Romanis metus timorem a principibus suis vicit : to be seized with fear, metus me invadit ; animo metus objicitur ; timor me occupat, me incessit ; metu, timore affici (Cicero) ; in timorem pervenire (Cæsar) ; metum capere (Livius) : all were thrown into great fear, timor omnium incessit magnus ; timor incessit omnes magnus : they were thrown into great fear on account of or concerning etc. , timor magnus alicujus rei incessit : I am suddenly seized with fear, subito me timor occupat ; also timore opprimor : to lay aside, throw away, etc. , fear, timorem abjicere, omittere (Cicero) ; metum omittere (Cæsar) ; metum ponere (Plinius, Ep. ) ; timorem deponere (Ovidius), mittere (Vergilius) : they had laid aside their fear, timor mentibus discesserat (Sallustius) : to be tormented by fear, metus me macerat, cruciat (after Cicero) : to let fear be visible in all he does, omnia trepidantius timidiusque agere : to entertain an imaginary fear of anything, opinione timere aliquid (Cicero) : to recover from one’s fear, ex timore se colligere (Cæsar) ; a metu respirare (Cicero) : I cannot speak for fear, mihi lingua metu hæret : to obey the laws from fear, propter metum legibus parere (Cicero) : my hair stands on end with fear, formidine horreo : I am trembling with fear, timore perterritus tremo ; on account of anything, paveo aliquid, ad aliquid ; or, that, etc. , ne, etc. : I am almost beside myself with fear, vix sum apud me, ita commotus est animus metu : without fear, vid. FEARLESS. FEAR, v. metuere, timere aliquid. (Compare here, and for the following verbs, SYN. of substantives in FEAR, s. ) (The words are found in this connection and order. ) metuere ac timere : in metu ponere, habere aliquid ( = metuere) : extimescere, pertimescere aliquid (stronger terms than timere) : vereri aliquem or de re (stands next to metuere, indicating fear, as produced by a sort of awe or dread of the magnitude, importance, etc. , of the object feared ; hence it is the general term used when a person expresses an opinion, as a fear that something is or is not so ; it implying that the speaker will not venture to pronounce a positive opinion, but is afraid, etc. ) : pavere aliquid or ad aliquid (to feel anxiety, or to be disheartened) : horrere aliquid (to dread ; to shudder or shrink from anything ; e. g. , numen divinum). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) metuere atque horrere (e. g. , capital punishments, supplicia) : formidare, reformidare aliquid (to feel a dread of anything ; e. g. , of death, mortem, etc. ) : we fear nothing, sine timore sumus : there is no enemy near to be feared, nullus in propinquo est hostium metus : to fear everything or anything from anybody, omnia ex or ab aliquo timere : you have nothing to fear from me, nihil tibi est a me periculi : not to fear anybody or anything, contemnere aliquem or aliquid : to fear death, mortis appropinquatione angi ; mortis metu perterritum esse ; mortem reformidare : to make anybody fear [vid. “to put in FEAR”]. He made himself so feared, tantum sui timorem injecit : which or what I do not fear (i. e. , which I hope will not happen), id quod non spero (parenthetically used, vid. Cicero, Rosc. Am. , 4, 10, Mœb. ) : I fear (i. e. , entertain anxiety, am fearful) for or about anybody or anything, metuo, timeo, alicui (rei) and de aliquo (aliqua re) : extimesco, pertimesco de re ; vereor alicui rei : I fear extremely, magno timore sum (opposed to bene spero) : to fear for one’s life and property, de capite fortunisque extimescere ; to begin to fear, ad timorem se convertere. I fear that etc. , metuo, timeo, vereor, extimesco, pertimesco ; also horreo, ne, etc. ; that. . . not, etc. , ne non or ut (but not ut non) : I rather fear, or fear a little, begin to fear, that, etc. , subtimeo ne, etc. ; subvereor, ne, etc. : to make anybody fear, that, etc. , aliquem in eum metum adducere, ut pertimescat, ne, etc. (Cicero, Mur. , 24, init. ) : they begin to fear that, etc. , in timorem perveniunt, ne, etc. : it is to be feared, timendum est,
periculum est, ne, etc. : to fear nothing, bono esse animo ; bonum habere animum (to be of good courage) ; securum esse (to believe one’s self safe, without really being so) : to have nothing to fear, tutum esse (to be safe in reality, whatever fear may be entertained) : do not fear! or, fear nothing! bono sis animo ; or bonum habe animum ; noli timere or laborare ; omitte timorem : to fear God, Deum vereri ; Deum vereri et colere : to fear (absolute) ; vid. “to be in fear” in FEAR, s.
FEARFUL, || Timorous, timidus : pavidus : trepidus [SYN. in FEAR, s. ] : formidinis plenus (full of fear and awe, Cicero, Att. , 9, 10, 2, instead of formidolosus, which does not belong to good prose) : ignavus (cowardly ; compare the substantives in FEAR) : to be fearful, timidum, etc. , esse (but not metuere or timere, absolutely) : to become fearful, ad timorem se convertere : to make anybody fearful [vid. ” to put in FEAR”] : to pretend to be fearful, * metum (timorem), pavorem simulare : do not be fearful! omitte timorem! || Dreadful, metuendus : timendus (that is to be feared) : terribilis (terrible) : horrendus (horrible) : horribilis : formidolosus (producing awe or horror ; formidabilis is foreign to good prose) : trux, truculentus (dreadful to behold, to hear ; e. g. , eyes, look, words, etc. ) : immanis (monstrous) : ingens (enormous) : A fearful war, bellum formidolosum, atrox : to present or depict anything as fearful, ad timorem aliquid proponere (Cicero, Fam. , 2, 16, 4) : as very fearful, ad maximum timorem proponere (ib. 6, 3, 3) : to make or render one’s self more fearful than powerful, plus timoris quam potentiæ sibi addere. Vid. also, DREADFUL. FEARFULLY, timide : timido animo : pavide : trepide : terribilem or horrendum in modum. [SYN. in FEARFUL. ] Vid. also, DREADFULLY. FEARFULNESS, || Timidity, timiditas : pavor : trepidatio : ignavia [SYN. in FEAR. ] || Terrible nature (of anything), terror ; better plural, terrores. Sometimes atrocitas, immanitas, fœditas, may do. FEARLESS, metu vacuus : quem metus non attingit or terret : qui metu vacat or liberatus est (Cicero) : impavidus : intrepidus (without apprehension or trembling) : audax (bold, intrepid) :
Fearless with regard to anything, securus de re (e. g. , de bello ; and of him who is unconcerned and without fear, even when he ought not to be so). To be fearless, sine metu (timore) esse ; metu vacare ; bono animo esse ; bonum habere animum (to be in good spirits).
FEARLESSLY, sine metu : sine timore : impavide : intrepide : audacter. SYN. in FEARLESS. FEARLESSNESS, * animus metu vacuus : audacia (boldness, intrepidity) : fortitudo (fortitude of mind of him who perseveres in anything).
Fearlessness with regard to anything ; e. g. , death, securitas mortis. FEASIBILITY,To have no doubt about the feasibility of anything, * non dubitare, quin res perfici possit. FEASIBLE, quod fieri or effici potest : facilis (easy, opposed to difficilis). Anything is feasible, res facilitatem habet : it is not feasible, fieri or effici non potest : if it should be feasible, si res facultatem habitura sit. I do not think it feasible, qua ratione hoc effici possit, non video or non intelligo. FEAST, s. , || A festival, dies festus : dies sollemnis : dies festus ac sollemnis (a feast that is celebrated every year) : sollemne (a sacrifice celebrated yearly) : dies feriatus (a feast-day, opposed to dies profestus, Plinius, 18, 6, 8) : Cf. , festum is poetical only. To celebrate a feast, diem festum agere ; during three days, per triduum (Livius 25, 23) : to order that the day on which a victory was gained should be observed as an annual feast, inter festos dies referre (diem), quo victoria patrata est (Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 41, 4). || An entertainment, convivium (any meal among friends, the principal object of which consists in the entertainment, not in the pleasures of the table) : epulum (a public entertainment, in honor of the gods, on the occasion of a triumph, etc. , or given on festival days) : epulæ (a great feast, attended with magnificent pomp or preparations, the object being principally the pleasures of the table) : daps (a feast with a religious object ; used for a private entertainment, the word is poetical only, or post-Augustan). A feast upon a sacrifice, sacrificium epulare : to prepare a feast, convivium instruere, apparare, comparare, ornare, exornare : to give a feast in honor of anybody, cœnam or epulum alicui dare : to give a feast on anybody’s birthday, alicui natalicia dare (vid. Wernsdorf, Cicero, Phil. , 2, 6, p. 193) : to give a feast, convivium habere, agere : to go to a feast, ad cœnam ire ; convivium inire : to invite anybody to a feast, aliquem ad cœnam invitare or vocare (Vid. the difference in To INVITE) ; aliquem adhibere cœnæ or in convivium (as well by inviting him as by asking him to stay when he is already present) : to be at a great feast, in convivio interesse : to get up from a feast, surgere a cœna : to be about to get up from a feast, calceos poscere (since the shoes were taken off before reclining at table ; [vid. Plinius, Ep. , 9, 17, 3). Cf. , The words compotatio and concœnatio (vid. Cicero, Maj. , 13, 4, 5, and ad Fam. , 9, 24, 3) are only litral translations of the Greek συμπόσιον and σύνδειπνον, and were never in general use with the Romans. PROV. Enough is as good as a feast, qui tantuli eget, quanto est opus, is neque limo turbatam haurit aquam, neque vitam amittit in undis (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 1, 59) ; * ne te (nos, etc. ) plenior justo copia delectet (after Horatius, ib. , 56), or * stulti est de flumine quam de fonticulo aliquo tantundem malle sumere (after Horatius, ib. , 55), or * qui tantum habet, quantum sat est, is parum habere non potest. FEAST, || TRANS. , hospitio accipere, excipere, recipere (general term for to receive ; accipere and excipere of friends, recipere of those who may need etc. ) : convivio excipere : hospitaliter invitare : apparatis epulis accipere, excipere ; invitare (as a guest at one’s board) : to feast with anything, pascere aliquem aliqua re (e. g. , olusculis, Cicero, Att. , 6, 1, 13) ; apponere alicui aliquid (to offer or place anything before anybody ; e. g. , panes convivis, Suetonius, Cal. , 37). || INTRANS. , convivari (if at an entertainment with friends) : epulari (at a banquet or a great feast) ; with anybody, apud aliquem. IMPROPR. , To feast on anything (i. e. , delight in it), pasci aliqua re (Cicero) or delectari, perfrui aliqua re. To feast one’s eyes on anything, pascere oculos aliqua re (or in aliqua re facienda) ; fructum capere oculis ex aliqua re (both of feasting one’s eyes on the sight of some evil happening to an enemy) : dare oculis epulas (comedy) : to feast one’s eyes on a picture, animum pictura (inani) pascere (Vergilius).
FEASTING, by plural, epulæ (also improperly ; e. g. , by feasting upon good thoughts, cogitationum epulis, Cicero).
FEAT, s. , factum : facinus (fact, simply as a thing done ; facinus, as manifesting a strength of character for good or for evil in the agent). [Vid. ACTION, DEED. ] A great or excellent feat, egregie or egregium factum ; facinus præclarum : an immortal feat, facinus or opus immortale : feats, facta, orum (general term) ; res gestæ, gesta, orum ; also res (feats performed with particular reference to duty, especially feats of arms) ; acta, orum (inasmuch as a certain manner of proceeding has been observed in performing them) : glorious feats, laudes : noble feats, decora, um.
Feats of strength, by circumlocution with certamen virium, or gymnicum certamen, corporum certatio (Cicero), etc. To exhibit feats of strength, * ostentare quanto sit robore, quantisque viribus : to challenge anybody to a contest in feats of strength, * aliquem ad certamen virium provocare. FEAT, adjective, sollers : astutus : callidus : versutus : vafer : subtilis. SYN. in CUNNING. FEATHER, v. , One who has feathered his nest well, plane bene peculiatus (of a rapacious governor ; Asin. Poll. ap. Cicero, Fam. , 10, 32, in. ).
FEATHER, penna : pluma (down, down-like feathers) : that has or is stuffed wilh feathers, plumeus : covered with feathers, pluma tectus : full of feathers, plumosus : that has feathers (naturally), pennatus ; plumatus ; plumis obductus (Cf. , penniger and plumiger are poetical) : without feathers, deplumis ; implumis : to get feathers, plumescere : to have (got) feathers, pennas habere : to deck one’s self in borrowed feathers, alienis gloriari bonis (Phædrus, 1, 3, 1).
FEATHER-BED, culcita plumea (Cicero, Tusc. , 3, 19, 46).
FEATHERED, plumis obductus : plumatus : pennatus (Cf. , plumiger, penniger, are poetical).
FEATHERY, plumeus : plumosus. FEATLY, sollerter : astute : callide : versute : subtiliter. FEATURE, lineamentum oris (a single feature in the face, while ductus oris, in Cicero, De Fin. , 5, 17, 47, denotes the peculiar features about the mouth of anybody, opposed to vultus, i. e. , the features generally ; the countenance). The features, os : vultus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) os vultusque ; os et vultus : oris habitus (the formation of the face itself) : lineamentorum qualitas (the peculiarity of anybody’s features) : (The words are found in this connection and order. ) habitus oris lineamentaque (Livius) ; habitus ons et vultus (Cicero) : oris et vultus ingenium (the general expression) : facies (face in general ; e. g. , noble features, facies liberalis) the mother and her son resembled each other strongly in their features, lineamentorum qualitas matri ac filio similis. || IMPROPR. , The features of anybody’s character, lineamentum animi (Cicero, Fin. , 3, 22, 75) : to study the features of anybody’s character, * lineamenta ingenii alicujus colligere : that is a noble feature in his character, * in hac re, ut in speculo, cernitur ejus bonitas (after Cicero, Fin. , 2, 10, 32) :
FEAZE, * retexere (e. g. , a
rope).
FEBRICULOSE,Vid. FEVERISH. FEBRIFUGE, potio medicata danda in febri : potio medicata febri utilis (after Plinius, 23, 1, 24).
FEBRILE, febriculosus (Catullus, Gellius) or genitive febris. A febrile attack, tentatio febris. Cf. , No adjective, febrilis. FEBRUARY,
Februarius (mensis).
FECES, || Dregs, sediment, Vid. || Excrement, vid. κυρικιμασαηικο FECULENCE,
FECULENCY, feculentia (Sidon. ).
FECULENT, fseculentus (e. g. , pus, Celsus) : fæculentior (Sidon. ) :
FECUNDITY,Vid. FRUITFULNESS, FERTILITY. FEDERACY,Vid. CONFEDERACY. FEDERAL, fœderatus : fœdere junctus. A federal town or state, urbs or civitas fœderata ; conventus (a town in which national assembles and courts ofjustice are held ; vid. Plinius, 8, 1, 3 ; thus the town of Frankfort, in the latter sense, would be conventus Frankfurtensis : a federal army, exercitus socialis : a federal assembly, conventus. FEDERATE,Vid. CONFEDERATE. FEE, s. , || Loan of land, etc. , held of a superior on some condition (e. g. , that of personal service), prædium velut fiduciarium datum (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) : prædium beneficiarium (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2) : ager velut fiduciarius (if a field, after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) : ager beneficiarius (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2). A fee-simple, * feudum liberum, immune et liberum : a conditional fee, emphyteusis (Code Justinian, 4, 66, 1 ; Justinus, Inst. , 3, 25, 3) : a fee-tail general, * feudum virile : a fee-tail special, * feudum muliebre : the heir of a (conditional) fee, * heres prædii velut fiduciarii ; * heres prædii beneficiarii : that may be held in fee, quod velut beneficium dari potest (in forensic Latin, feudalis). [Vid. FIEF. ]. The law relating to lands held in fee, eæ leges, quæ ad prædia beneficiaria pertinent : the granter of lands in fee, patronus : * dominus feudii (technical term) : the grantee, * cliens : * beneficiarius ; * vasallus : * feudatorius (are both technical term) : the tenant of lands held in fee, * qui pro beneficiario est : to hold anything in fee, prædium velut fiduciarium ab aliquo accipere.
FEE, s. , || Payment (fixed or indefinite) of services (especially professional services), merces : pretium operæ or pretium only (reward for service rendered ; e. g. , to physicians, teachers, etc. ) : honos, qui habetur alicui (e. g. , medico, Cicero, Fam. , 16, 9) : honorarium (post- Augustan ; but technical term ; Traj. , Ulpianus ; e. g. , advocatorum) : annua merces (if annually paid ; e. g. , also of a physician ; vid. Plinius, 29, 1, 5) : commoda, orum ; salarium (paid to civil officers, the latter time of emperors).
Fees of office may perhaps, also, be rendered by pecunia extraordinaria, or in the plural, by pecuniæ extraordinariæ (i. e. , additional pay of a civil officer, perquisites ; vid. Cicero, Verr. , 1, 39, extr. ; 2, 70, 170). A fee for anything, merces or pretium alicujus rei. To pay anybody a fee, pretium operæ solvere (general term) ; honorem habere alicui (e. g. , medico ; Cicero, Fam. , 16, 9) : If the sum is quite optional, aliquid may be used ; e. g. , the physician must receive a fee, dandum est aliquid medico : to ask double fees of anybody, duplices a aliquo mercedes exigere. The lawyer’s fees, impensæ in litem factæ (all the expenses of a suit). To make 40, 000 sesterces a year by fees, (ex aliqua re) quadragena annua capere. FEE, v. , Vid. “to pay anybody a FEE ;” also præmium (or præmia) rei pecuniariæ alicui tribuere : remunerari aliquem præmio, etc. || To Bribe, vid. FEE-FARM, emphyteusis (Code Justinian, 4, 66, 1 ; Justinus, Instit. , 3, 25, 3) : belonging to a fee-farm, emphyteuticus (Code Justinian, 4, 66, 1) : to give anything in fee-farm, dare rem per emphyteusin (ibid. ) : an estate given in fee-farm, emphyteuma ; prædium emphyteuticum (ibid. ) : to take a field in fee-farm (i. e. , rent for a hundred years), conducere agrum in annos centum (Hygin. , De Limit. , p. 205, Goes. ).
FEEBLE,Vid. WEAK.
Feeble with age, senectute or senio confectus : defectus annis et viribus : defectus annis et desertus viribus (enfeebled with age), decrepitus (decrepit).
FEEBLENESS : Vid. WEAKNESS. FEEBLY,Vid. WEAKLY. FEED, cibum præbere alicui (general term for giving him food) : cibo juvare aliquem (to refresh him with food) : cibare aliquem (especially poultry and children ; the word is post-Augustan) : pabulum dare alicui (especially to larger animals, as oxen, etc. ) : pascere (especially to feed sheep, goats, swine ; both in the sense of driving them to pasture and watching them there, and also of keeping so many ; also of feeding persons [olusculis nos pascere, Cicero], but with reference to feeding them like cattle ; and ofa district feeding so many, = supplying them with provisions ; also of becoming the food of, against one’s will ; e. g. , aliquis or aliquid pascet corvos, tineas, etc. ). To feed with one’s own hand, cibare manu sua (Suetonius, Tib. , 72) : to feed well, largo pastu sustentare : birds feed their unfledged young, aves infirmis fetibus cibos ore suo collatos partiuntur (Quintilianus 2, 6, 7) : to feed a child, infanti cibum in os ingerere (Cicero, De Or. , 2, 39, 162). || IMPROPR. ,nutrire(e. g. , amorem, Ovidius ; ignes foliis etc. , Ovidius) : alere (e. g. , a war, a contest, love, rage, etc. ) : sustentare (to support ; e. g. , a war, anybody’s vices, etc. ) : augere : alere et augere (e. g. , desiderium, to increase it ; opposed to exstinguere) : fovere (e. g. , dolores suos ; alicujus spem). To feed one’s eyes with anything, oculos pascere aliqua re ; fructum capere oculis ex re : dare oculis epulas (comedy). || Support, supply with provisions, etc. , alere : pascere (poetical) : sustentare : alere et sustentare : victum præbere alicui : nutricari (improperly ; omniaque [mundus] sicut membra et partes sui nutricatur et continet, Cicero, N. D. , 2, 34). [Vid. SUPPORT. ] || Depasture (as in “to feed your meadows,” Woodward), depascere : immisso pecore depascere ( Ulpianus). || To feed a lake, river, etc. , in lacum or flumen influere. || INTRANS. , Live on, vesci aliqua re ( the proper word ; carne, lacte) : vivere aliqua re (to live on ; de aliqua re is of the means by which a livelihood is gained) : ali aliqua re (e. g. , lacte). || Pasture (of cattle), pasci and (poetical) pascere (Vergilius) : pabulari (to eat fodder). || IMPROPR. , pasci aliqua re (e. g. , bibliotheca alicujus, etc. ; of delighting in it).
FEEDER, || He that nourishes, nutritor (post- Augustan ; one who brings up, rears, etc. , either a person or an animal : alicujus ; equorum, Statius) : altor (he that gives everything necessary for subsistence ; alicujus, Sallustius, ap. Lactant. , Tacitus). || An eater, edens : a great feeder, homo multi cibi ; homo edax : a very great feeder, cibi vinique capacissimus (of eating and drinking in general) ; luxu et saginæ mancipatus emptusque (the slave of his belly, Tacitus) : a greedy feeder, edax or (cibi) avidus or cibi plurimi : vorax : a dainty feeder, gulosus. || Fountain, etc. , that supplies a main canal, lake, etc. , with water, fons rivus, etc. , qui in lacum (etc. ) influit. FEEDING, pastio (e. g. , the business etc. , of feeding, cattle, poultry, etc. , Varro) : sagina (the cramming or fattening animals ; e. g. , anserum, gallinarum ; and also improperly of persons, multitudinem non auctoritate sed sagina tenere, by feeding them, Cicero ; homo temulentus et sagina gravis, Tacitus).
FEEL, || To feel by the touch, tangere : tentare, with or without digitis : tactu explorare ( both for the sake of examining) : attrectare ; contrectare ; pertrectare, also with the addition of manibus (to touch, handle) : to feel anybody’s pulse, alicujus venam tentare (Suetonius) or tangere (Persius) ; tangere aliquem , or alicujus manum, venam (Plinius, Ep. , 7, 1, 4 ; where some editions have the one reading, some the other) ; apprehendere manu brachium (Celsus, 3, 6 ; where there is also corpori manum admovere). To feel anybody, etc. (to see whether he carries anything about him that is prohibited), excutere aliquem (in the sense in which the Romans did this, namely ” by shaking anybody’s gown”). To feel anybody’s bed (to see if anything is concealed in it), alicujus culcitas et stragula prætentare et excutere (Suetonius ; prætentare = before one does something). || To perceive ; i. e. , to become conscious of anything, sentire (also with a following participle as supplement ; used of both bodily and mental sensation ; also of becoming conscious or aware of anything ; in which sense, (The words are found in this connection and order. ) sentire atque intelligere) : (sensu) percipere (to comprehend or apprehend with one’s senses) : intelligere (to comprehend) : affici aliqua re (to be affected by bodily or mental pain). To feel pain in some part of the body (e. g. , in one’s feet, etc. ), sentire alicujus rei dolorem ; dolore alicujus rei affici or affectum esse ; dolet aliquid : to feel pain at or about anything, dolere aliquid or ex aliqua re (e. g. , at anybody’s death, alicujus mortem, ex alicujus interitu) ; laborare aliqua re (to suffer from anything ; e. g. , alienis malis) ; acerbe ferre aliquid (to endure with a keen sense of pain ; e. g. , the separation from anybody, discidium) : to feel anything very keenly, magnam molestiam trahere ex aliqua re ; magna molestia affici ex aliqua re (to be disagreeably affected by anything) ; magnum capere or accipere dolorem ex aliqua re (to suffer great mental pain) ; graviter or gravissime dolere aliquid (to be violently afflicted by anything) acerbissime ferre aliquid (to endure with a bitter feeling) : to feel the want of anything very severely, desiderio alicujus rei angi ; magna molestia desiderare aliquid : to feel anything very painfully, anxie ferre aliquid : to feel an affection for anybody [vid. To LOVE] : to feel an inclination, compassion, attachment, etc. ; vid.
those substantives : to feel the beauties of anything ; e. g. , of a speech, orationis virtutes intelligere or introspicere : anything is more easily felt than described, aliquid facilius intelligi quam explanari potest. || MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES (especially with adjectives) : to feel hungry, esurire (vid. HUNFRY or HUNGER, s. : Cf. , not sentire famem [Livius, 22, 13], which is to experience a famine) ; to feel thirsty, sitire. I feel offended at anything, offendit me aliquid : much offended, magnam injuriam mihi illatam esse puto. I feel dissatisfied with my condition, meæ me fortunæ pœnitet : he shall feel that there are vigilant consuls in the city, sentiet, in hac urbe esse consules vigilantes : to let anybody feel one’s anger, bilem effundere or stomachum erumpere in aliquem (by words) ; aliquis iratum me sentit (by deed) : to feel confidence in one’s self, sibi confidere [vid. CONFIDENCE, or To CONFIDE] : to feel one’s weakness or insufficiency, minimum in se esse arbitrari : to feel ill, minus commoda valetudine uti : I feel rather better, mihi meliuscule est ; vires recepi ; he shall feel it, hoc non impune fecerit (i. e. , he shall not have done it wtth impunity ; also hoc non impunitum omittam) : to feel for anybody, misereri alicujus ; miseret me alicujus ; tenet me misericordia alicujus ; pari molestia affici (Sulp. , ap. Cicero) : to feel vexed at anything, aliqua ex re molestia affici : to feel pleasure at or from anything, voluptatem percipere ex re ; pain, dolorem capere ex re ; dolore affici, etc. : to feel angry, offendi ; ira incendi : to feel very angry, iracundia efferri or exardescere ; stomachari ; indignari : to feel angry with anybody, alicui irasci, succensere ; alicui esse inimicum (to be hostilely disposed toward him) : to feel well, bona valetudine uti : to feel very well, optime valere or se habere : how do you feel ? quomodo te habes ? ut vales ? I feel quite well, recte mihi est. I feel sorry, molestum est ; doleo ; pœnitet me alicujus rei. I feel sorry for anybody ; vid. ” to feel for anybody, ” above : do not feel anxious about it, mitte curas : noli laborare de ea re : to feel dull, temporis or otii molestiam sentire ; * tempus tarde labens moleste ferre ; otio languescere : I feel glad that you are coming, gratus acceptusque mihi venis : I feel happy at anything, hoc placet ; hoc mihi commodum est : you ought to feel happy or pleased at it, * est or habes, quod hac re gaudeas : I feel very weak, vires me deficiunt ; infirmus sum viribus : to feel too weak, parum habere virium. To feel one’s way, abeo pedibus prætentans iter, or (if by the wall) abeo explorans manu parietes (both properly ; after Tiberius, 2, 1, 78) : baculo prætentare iter (of a blind man ; Ovidius, Ib. , 261). || To try, periclitari : tentare : experiri. SYN. in To TRY. FEELERS (of an insect), singular, corniculum (vid. Plinius 11, 28, 35) : * antenna (technical term).
FEELING,FEEL, || The sense of touch, tactus : sensus (the faculty of feeling, and the sensation felt ; also of mental sensations and feelings) : judicium (the faculty of forming a judgement of anything ; vid. Cicero, Or. , 8, 25 ; De Opt. gen. , 4, 11) : conscientia (consciousness, of anything, alicujus rei ; vid. Livius, 8, 4 ; cf. 3, 60) : affectus (the permanent state of the mind, the sentiment). A refined feeling, judicium elegans ; judicii elegantia (with reference to perceiving the nature of anything with proper taste and discrimination) : a correct and fine feeling, sincerum judicium et elegans ; judicium intelligens or intelligentia (the correct feeling of a connoisseur). Cf. , In many cases, however, our notion of “feeling for anything, must be conceived in Latin in a more concrete manner ; e. g. , natural feeling, natura : good natural feeling, naturæ bonitas (vid. Cicero, Off. , 1, 2, 5 ; si non interdum naturæ bonitate vincatur) : tender, moral feeling, pudor (Cicero, Fin. , 3, 2, 9) : human feelings, humanitas : moral feeling, verecundia : the feeling of joy or pleasure, lætitia : a feeling for the beautiful, elegantia (good taste) ; venustas (grace that anybody displays ; vid. Plinius, 35, 10, 36, No. 10, § 79 ; Cf. , “sensus pulchritudinis” or ” pulchri” is barbarous) : to entertain a feeling, sensu præditum esse ; of anything, sentire aliquid, alicujus rei sensu moveri : to have no feeling, sensu carere : nihil sentire : nullius rei sensu moveri : a sensu abesse or alienum esse (properly) ; durum, ferreum, inhumanum esse : inhumano esse ingenio (improperly) : to be quite without feeling, tactu sensuque omni carere, also with the addition of sine quo nihil sentitur (properly) ; omnem humanitatem exuisse, abjecisse : obduruisse et omnem humanitatem exuisse : omnem humanitatis sensum amisisse (improperly) : without feeling, sensus expers ; a sensu (a sensibus) alienatus ; nihil sentiens (properly) ; durus : ferus : ferreus : inhumanus (improperly) : to have no feeling of pain, carere omni sensu doloris : if the dead have any feeling, si quis est in morte sensus : the countenance reveals all the feelings of the mind, vultus sensus animi indicant : the natural feeling of mankind, communis sensus omnium : to touch anybody’s feelings, alicujus sensus inflectere († Vergilius ; i. e. , to inspire affection) : those are instinctive feelings, ea sunt communibus infixa sensibus (Cicero) : all the good partook of this feeling, unus sensus fuit bonorum omnium (Cicero) : anybody’s political feelings, alicujus sensus de republica : you will not find the same feeling among the better sort that existed when you left us, non offendes eundem bonorum sensum, quem reliquisti (Cicero) : to lose one’s feeling, sensum amittere (properly) ; animus obdurescit, occallescit (improperly ; to become hard-hearted) : anything produces or excites various feelings within me, varie afficior aliqua re : to judge of anything not by rules, but by a certain natural feeling, non arte aliqua, sed naturali quodam sensu judicare aliquid : to judge after one’s own feelings, de suo sensu judicare : according to the feeling of my heart, ex animi mei sensu (Cicero, Rosc. Am. , 44, extr. ) : to open all one’s feelings to anybody, alicui sensus suos aperire (one’s thoughts ; Nepos) : to confide or reveal to anybody one’s innermost feelings, alicui intimos suos sensus detegere (one’s sentiments ; Seneca, Ep. , 96, 1) : from a feeling of one’s weakness, conscientia, quid abesset virium : want of feeling, torpor (properly) ; animus durus ; ingenium inhumanum (improperly) : the organs of feeling, sensus or tactus membra, orum (after Plinius, 10, 70, 89) : the impressions made by feeling, demissa per tactum or sensum (after Horatius, A. P. 180).
FEELING, adj || Of persons, humanus : humanitatis plenus : multum humanitatis habens : humanitatis sensu præditus : mansuetus (kind, gentle ; of men ; then, also, of their hearts, etc. ; opposed to ferus) : mollis (opposed to durus, etc. ) : misericors (compassionate). || Of things, mansuetus (of the heart, etc. ) : mollis (opposed to durus ; e. g. , of a poem) : animum movens or commovens (touching) : misericordiam movens or commovens (exciting compassion) : magna cum misericordia pronunciatus. Vid. FEELINGLY.
FEELINGLY, magna cum misericordia (e. g. , pronunciare, i. e. , very pathetically, according to Herzog ; but others explain it, magna cum misericordia audientium, Cæsar, B, C, 2, 12, extr. ) : miserabiliter (e. g. , miserabiliter scripta epistola ; and tristia miserabiliter dicere, Quintilianus, 2, 4, 120). Sometimes expertus in me (te, se, etc. ), as in ” to speak feelingly,” implying that one has had experience of the same thing one’s self. To thank anybody feelingly, * animo commotiore gratias agere. FEIGN, fingere : confingere (to compose or make up anything that is not true) : comminisci (to invent anything that is not true) : simulare, or assimulare, or, if an adjective follows as object, assimulare se ; all either with accusative of the object, or with accusative and infinitive, or with quasi and subjunctive, as in the following examples (to pretend anything to be, although it is not ; e. g. , Livius, 1, 9 ; dissimulare being to conceal what really is). To feign that one is ill, simulare ægrum ; assimulare se ægrum ; simulare valetudinem (to pretend to be ill, without being so in reality) : to understand well the art of feigning, artificio simulationis eruditum esse : to feign to be learned, simulare se doctum esse ; simulare doctrinam : to feign to be happy, assimulare se lætum, or hilaritatem fingere : I will feign to be going out, simulabo or assimulabo, quasi exeam : I shall feign not to see them, and that they are not here, dissimulo, hos quasi non videam neque adesse hic. FEIGNED, simulatus : fictus : confictus. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) fictus et commenticius ; commenticius et fictus : falsus (false). To bring a feigned charge against anybody, crimen alicui affingere (Tacitus) : to get up a feigned charge, crimen confingere, componere. A feigned case, fictio (in rhetoric) [SYN. in To FEIGN] : feigned tears, lacrimæ confictæ : one little feigned tear, una falsa lacrimula. FEIGNEDLY, simulate : simulatione : per simulationem : ficte. Vid. , also, FALSELY.
FEIGNER : Vid. HYPOCRITE. FEINT, || In fencing, captatio (e. g. , Quintilianus, 5, 13, 14, si geminata captatio [e. g. , gladiatorum], ut bis cavere, bis repetere oportuerit) : astus (the cunning resorted to in making a cut or thrust ; Livius, 28, 21, extr. ) : to make a feint, aliud ostendere quam petere (Quintilianus 11, 1, 20) ; manum proferre ad evocandum adversarii ictum (Quintilianus 5, 13, 4). || Deception, simulatio : astus (vid. above) : stropha (a cunning or deceitful pretext ; vid. Plinius, Ep. , 1, 18, 6 ; Gierig. ) : fabrfca (a cunning trick ; comically ; e. g. , fabricis et doctis dolis, Plautus) : fallacia (deceit in general). To make a feint, stropham invenire (Plinius, Ep. , etc. ) ; fabricam fingere (comically) ; fallaciam
intendere in aliquem ; fallacia aggredi aliquem (†).
FELICITATE,Vid. CONGRATULATE. FELICITATION,Vid. CONGRATULATION. FELICITOUS,[Vid. HAPPY] : beatus (μακάριος) : felix (ὅλβιος , SYN. in HAPPY).
FELICITOUSLY,Vid. HAPPYLY. FELICITY,Vid. HAPPINESS. FELINE, felinus (Celsus, 5, 18, 15, but the reading doubtful) [felineus, Serv. ] : * feli similis. FELL, adjective, Vid. CRUEL. FELL, s. , Vid. HIDE. FELL, v. || To throw or knock to the ground, sternere : prosternere : affligere : dejicere : deturbare : evertere : subvertere. [SYN. in To THROW DOWN. ] || To hew or cut down, cædere (general term, to cut down, arbores, silvas, etc. ; also an enemy) : excidere (arborem ; opposed to evellere) : succidere (saw through at the bottom, arbores) : dolabris sternere (Curtius). To fell timber, materiam cædere : materiari (Cæsar, B. G. , 7, 73).
FELLER, lignator (the soldier who is sent out for the purpose of felling wood) : qui ligna cædit (a woodcutter) : ” lignicida” was not usual according to Varro, L. L. , 81, 33, § 62. FELLMONGER, pellio : pellionarius (Inscr. ) : his occupation, * ars pellionis. FELLNESS,Vid. CRUELTY. FELLOE,
FELLY, curvatura rotæ (Ovidius, Met. , 2, 108) :
FELLOW, s. , || A companion, vid. || Contemptuous expression for person, homo : homuncio. A silly or foolish fellow, mirum caput : a dapper little fellow, homo totus de capsula (Seneca, Ep. , 115, in. ; our, “as if taken out of a bandbox”). || Member of a learned institution, socius. I was lately elected a fellow of the (French) Academy, * nuper Academiæ literarum elegantiorum Parisinæ socius ascriptus sum (Ruhnken) : to be elected a fellow of the (French) Institute, * sodalem Instituti regii Francici cooptari (Wyttenbach) : a fellow of the Academy of Inscriptions, * in sodalitium Academiæ Inscriptionum ascisci (Wyttenbach). || An equal, par (opposed to superior).
FELLOW, v. , Vid. MATCH. FELLOW-CHRISTIAN, * qui Christi legem (mecum) sequitur. FELLOW-CITIZEN, civis (Cf. , not concivis) : municeps (of a municipal town).
FELLOW-COMMONER, * convictor sociorum (who dines at the fellows’ table).
FELLOW-CREATURE, * qui eadem lege mecum natus or creatus est ; commonly, however, expressed by alter (singular), or alii (plural) ; or by homines (if “men” is expressed in the sentence). Men are born for the sake of their fellow-creatures, homines hominum causa generati sunt (so homines plurimum hominibus et prosunt et obsunt, Cicero). To do nothing for the sake of a fellow-creature, nihil alterius causa facere (Cicero).
FELLOW-FEELING, * sensus consociatus (properly) : ægritudinis societas (participation in anybody’s grief) : misericordia (sympathy with anybody’s misfortune).
FELLOW-HEIR : Vid. CO-HEIR. FELLOW-LABORER, operis socius : collega (as colleague).
Fellow-laborer in anything, socius alicujus rei. Cf. , The barbarism “collaborator” is only allowable, if at all, as a title, though even in that case it is avoided by the better modern writers. FELLOW-LODGER, contubernalis. FELLOW-PASSENGER,Vid. FELLOW-TRAVELLER. FELLOW-PRISONER, qui in eodem carcere inclusus est. One’s fellow-prisoners, captivi alii (hence, one of my fellow-prisoners, * captivus alter).
FELLOW-RULER, imperii or regni socius : imperii collega (as colleague).
FELLOW-SERVANT, conservus (properly, of a fellow-slave).
Feminine, conserva. FELLOWSHIP, || Intercourse between comrades, contubernium : commilitium : sodalitas or sodalitium : condiscipulatus. [SYN. in COMRADE. Vid. , also, COMPANIONSHIP. ] || Membership of a college, etc. , circumlocution. To get a fellowship, * socium (academiæ, collegii, etc. ) ascribi (Ruhnken), or cooptari (Wyttenbach) ; * in sodalitium (academiæ, collegii, etc. ) ascisci (id. ).
FELLOW-SOLDIER, pugnæ (pugnarum) socius (after Tacitus, Ann. , 14, 53, 2) : commilito. FELLOW-STUDENT, condiscipulus. To be anybody’s fellow-student, una cum aliquo literas discere or præceptorem audire.
Feminine, condiscipula (Martisalis, 10, 35, 15).
FELLOW-SUBJECT, Vid. FELLOW-CITIZEN. FELLOW-SUFFERER, adversarum rerum socius (Tacitus, Germ. , 36, 2) : cujuscumque fortunæ socius, socia (Tacitus, Ann. , 3, 5, 1) : laborum periculorumque socius, socia (vid. Cicero, Fam. , 13, 71, 2 ; Tacitus, Germ. , 18, 7) ; also from context, socius (socia) comesque only (vid. Horatius, Od. 1, 7, 26) : to make anybody one’s fellow-sufferer, aliquem in omne discrimen comitem trahere : to make one’s self anybody’s fellow-sufferer, periculum vitæ suæ cum aliquo sociare. FELLOW-TRAVELLER, socius or comes itineris : convector (who travels in the same vehicle or ship) : navigationis socius (if at sea) : Cf. , convenno, one whom we have met on our journey or on the road, a doubtful reading in Appuleius, Met. , p. 109, 10, Elm ; instead of which ed. Oudend. has convectore.
Feminine, itineris socia or comes : navigationis socia (if at sea).
FELLY,Vid. CRUELLY. FELO-DE-SE, interemptor sui (Seneca, Ep. , 70, 12). Vid. SUICIDE. FELON,Vid. CRIMINAL, s. FELONIOUS,Vid. CRIMINAL, adjective. FELONIOUSLY,Vid. CRIMINALLY. FELONY,Vid. CRIME. FELT, coacta, orum (Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 44, Herzog) : vestis coacta (Plinius, 8, 48, 73, § 192) : things made of felt ; e. g. , cloths, etc. , coactilia ( Ulpianus, Dig. , 34, 2, 26), or res ex coactis factæ (vid. Cæsar. , etc. ) : a cloth made of felt, tegumentum or opertorium ex coactis factum (vid. Cæsar B. G. , 3, 44) : a cap made of felt, pileus : a felt hat, causia (καυσία) : petasus [SYN. in HAT] : a felt cloak, lacerna or pallium ex coactis factum (after Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 44) : a shoe made of felt, udo (Ulpianus, Dig. , 34, 2, 25, § 4) : socks made of felt, socci ex coactis facti (after Cæsar, B. G. , 3, 44) ; boots, * ocreæ ex coactis factæ (ib. ).
FELUCCA, cercurus (κέρκουρος, a light vessel).
FEMALE, s. , femina (with reference to the sex, opposed to vir) : mulier (as having reached a certain age). [Vid. WOMAN. ]To disguise one’s self as a female, or in female attire, muliebrem vestem induere : to dress like a female, in muliebrem modum ornari : like a female, in muliebrem modum (e. g. , dressed ; vid. above).
FEMALE, adjective, muliebris (Cicero) : femininus (Varro) : femineus (poetical, Quintilianus). Cf. , The female of an animal is commonly translated by femina. A female snake, femina anguis. The female sex, sexus muliebris (sometimes femineus, Plinius).
FEMININE, muliebris : femininus : femineus. [Vid. FEMALE. ]The feminine gender, sexus muliebris (Varro, though he has femininus, always uses muliebris in this sense) : genus femininum (Arnobius). || Delicate, tender, vid. || Effeminate, muliebris (e. g. , animus). Vid. EFFEMINATE. FEN, palus, udis ; plural, loca palustria or uliginosa [SYN. in FENNY], n. ; ager palustris (swampy land).
FENCE, s. , sepes : sepimentum (general term) : indago (a temporary fence round part of a forest) : septum (the enclosure, but also the fence that encloses ; in this sense usually, in Cicero, always, plural : conseptum seems to mean the enclosure only) : murus (wall) : cohors or chors (for cattle ; both stationary and moveable fences, as well as the place enclosed by them) : maceria (a wall made of clay or loam round a vineyard) : tutela (general term for a protection or defence ; used by Varro, of hedges, de septis. . . dicam. Earum tutelarum, etc. ) : munimentum (that by which one defends one’s self or a place). A natural fence, naturale sepimentum vivæ sepis, or viva sepes only (of a hedge). To make fences, facere septa : to pull down fences, septa revellere (Cicero) : by what fences shall we keep in such wild beasts as these ? quibus septis tam immanes beluas continebimus? to make a fence round anything, sepire or consepire aliquid ; round a forest, silvam indagine cingere, munire : to make a fence all round, circumsepire ; septo circumdare ; cingere munimento sepis : a place surrounded by a fence, or fences, septum, conseptum, etc. || Fencing, vid. FENCE, TRANS. || To enclose with a fence, sepire : consepire aliquid (vid. in last article). To fence a space in with strong stakes, locum robustis stipitibus sepire (Inscr. Orell. ). || To guard, to fortify, vid. FENCE, INTRANS. || To use the sword, etc. , armis uti. || If for practice, batuere : to have learned to fence or fencing, * armis uti didicisse : to fence well, armis optime uti. FENCER, * in armorum arte versatus (skilled in the art of fencing) : to be a good fencer, armis optime uti. FENCING (as act ; e. g. , of a piece of land), septio (as action). || Fence, vid, FENCING (as art), ars gladii (vid. Seneca, Ep. , 7, 3) ; gladii artes (i. e. , the skill of a fencer) : ars gladiatoria (with reference to the gladiators) : to be expert or skilled in the art of fencing, armis optime uti : rules laid down for the art of fencing. , dictata et leges (Suetonius, Cæsar 26 ; Juvenalis, 11, 8) : fencing exercise, armorum exercitium. FENCING-MASTER, armorum doctor (of the soldiers) : lanista (of the gladiators) : * batuendi magister (a teacher, etc. ) : to be a good fencing-master, armis optime uti. FENCING-SCHOOL, palæstra : ludus gladiatorius (for gladiators).
FEND, || Ward off, vid. || Dispute, vid. κυρικιμασαηικο FENDER, perhaps * clathri focacii (focacius or -tius, of or belonging to the earth, Isid. , Orig. ).
FENNEL, feniculum(* anethum feniculum, Linnæus) : pertaining to fennel, or of the nature of fennel, fenicularius. FENNISH,
FENNY, paluster ; poetically, paludosus : uliginosus (the palus appears as a mass of water, made thick with mud and bog-earth, in which a man may be drowned ; uligo only as ground thoroughly soaked with water, in which he may sink down, D. ) : fennish land, ager palustris : fennish air, cælum palustre : fennish country or regions, loca palustria or uliginosa,
noun plural. FEOD,Vid. FEE. FEODAL, Vid. FEUDAL. FEODARY, * cliens or * cliens fiduciarius : * beneficiarius . * vasallus : * feudatorius. FEOFF, v. , prædium velut fiduciarium alicui dare (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ). Vid. also, FEE. FEOFFEE,Vid. FEODARY. FEOFFER, * patronus ; dominus feudi (technical term).
FEOFFMENT, beneficium : * feudum (technical term) : an estate held by feoffment [vid. FEE] : a field held by feoffment, ager velut fiduciarius (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) ; ager beneficiarius (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2).
FERACIOUS,Vid. FERTILE. FERACITY,Vid. FERTILITY. FERINE,Vid. CRUEL. FERITY : Vid. CRUELTY. FERMENT, v. , fermentari : fermentescere (general term) : fervere : effervescere (of wine). To cause to ferment, sinere fermentari or fervere : to make anything ferment by anything, fermentare aliqua re. || IMPROPR. , Vid. “to be in a FERMENT. ” FERMENT, s. , fermentum (also improperly, of a slate of agitation, etc. , Plautus). || IMPROPR. , motus : impetus : fermentum : effervescentis alicujus rei æstus (Gellius). To be in a ferment, in fermento esse ; in fermento totus jacet aliquis (Plautus) ; against anybody, turgere alicui (ib. ) : to be in a state of ferment, moveri (e. g. , the slaves are, etc. , movetur aliquot locis servitium) ; mentis habitu moveri (of the blood put into a state of ferment by mental excitement) ; effervescere (with or without stomacho, iracundia, etc. , a favorite word of Cicero’s) ; æstuare (Cicero) : exæstuare (†) ; tumere (e. g. , Galliæ, Tacitus : negotia, Cicero) : to be in a complete state of ferment, ardere (of a country ; e. g. , of the Gauls) : the ferment of men’s minds, tumor rerum (the ferment of men’s minds threatening a revolution ; vid. Cicero, Att. , 14, 5, 2) : to subdue or quell such a ferment, mederi with dative. FERMENTATION, fermentatio (late) : fervor (of wine).
FERN, filex : ground covered with fern, filictum. FERNY, filicatus (only improperly, having fern-leaves engraved, embossed, etc. , upon it ; e. g. , lances, Cicero) :
Ferny ground, filictum. FEROCIOUS,Vid. FIERCE. FEROCIOUSNESS,
FEROCITY,Vid. FIERCENESS FERRET, s. , viverra : * mustela furo (Linnæus).
FERRET OUT, sciscitando elicere aliquid : percunctando atque interrogando elicere aliquid : aliquid ex aliquo sciscitari or sciscitando elicere : expiscari aliquid (i. e. , to fish it out of a person) : rimari (to search, as it were, through every corner, cranny, etc. , aliquid, or with deponent interrogative clause).
FERRUGINOUS, ferrugineus (e. g. , taste) : * ferri particulas continens (containing iron) : fons ferruginei saporis (i. e. , tasting of iron, Plinius, 32, 2, 8) : aquæ ferratæ (containing iron, Seneca, Quæst. N. , 3, 2, 1) :
FERRULE, ferreus annulus. FERRY, || TRANS. , e. g. , to ferry over, trajicere : transmittere : transvehere : transportare. || INTRANS. , transmittere, or transire, or transjicere, or transgredi ; vid. SYN. and phrases in To CROSS. FERRY, s. , || Place where a passage-boat plies, * locus, ubi scapha est ad trajiciendum comparata. || Ferry-boat, scapha major : ponto (Cæsar, B, C, 3, 29) : ratis ad trajiciendum comparata (a raft for ferrying or crossing over).
FERRYMAN, portitor (Seneca, Benef. , 6, 18, 1).
FERRY-MONEY, pretium vehendi (after Ovidius, Fast. , 2, 115) : portorium (Appuleius, Met. , 6, p. 180, Elmenh. ).
FERTILE, fecundus (denotes the fruitfulness of a living and breeding being, opposed to effetus, εὔτοκος) : fertilis : ferax (denote the fruitfulness of inanimate and productive nature, and of the elements ; opposed to sterilis ; εὔφορος : fertilis, of the actual fruitfulness which has been produced by cultivation ; ferax, of the mere capability which arises from the nature of the soil. Cicero uses fertilis, properly ; ferax, figuratively) : uber (fertilis and ferax denote fruitfulness under the image of creative and productive power, as of the father and mother ; uber, under the image of fostering and sustaining, as of the nurse, like εὐθηνής) : frugifer (denotes fertility under the image of a corn-field) : fructuosus (under the image of a tree rich in fruit ; ἔγκαρπος, Döderlein). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) uber et fertilis ; fecundus et uber. || IMPROPR. , ferax : fecundus : uber. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) uber et fecundus. A fertile genius, ingenium ferax or fecundum : a fertile imagination, ingenii ubertas : no branch of philosophy is more fertile than that which treats of the duties of man, nullus in philosophia locus est feracior neque uberior, quam de officiis. FERTILELY, fecunde : fecundius (Varro, fecundissime ; Plinius, fertiliter, fertilius).
FERTILENESS,
FERTILITY, fertilitas : ubertas : fecunditas (this of the mind also) [SYN. in FERTILE]: Cf. , feracitas only in Columella.
FERTILIZE, feraciorem reddere : fecundum or fertilem reddere : fecundare : fecunditatem dare alicui rei : uberare (all of land) ; also lætificare (as, Indus. . . aqua lætificat terram, Cicero) : and fermentare (of what lightens the soil, etc. , Varro, Columella) : Cf. , fetificare (Plinius) : gravidare (properly, to make or render pregnant, Aur. , Viet. , Ep. , 29, 14 ; but used by Cicero, N. D. , 2, 33, in an improper sense of fertilizing the soil, terra gravidata seminibus) : to fertilize the ground by anything, aliqua re terris dare fecunditatem. FERULE, s. , ferula (Greek, νάρθηξ, an umbelliferous plant [ferula, Linnæus ; especially communis], Plinius. The twigs being used to punish slaves or boys with, it also stands for “cane” or “rod, ” as in English.
FERULE, v. , ferula cædere (Horatius).
FERVENCY, fervor : ardor : impetus.
Fervency in prayer, precum constantia (incessant or uninterrupted prayer, vid. Tacitus, Germ. , 8, 7) : fervency of love, ardor (sc. amoris, Tibull. , 4, 12, 6), or ardentes amores (Cicero, Fin. , 2, 16, 52) : with fervency, animo et voce (literally, with heart and mouth ; e. g. , to pray with fervency, precari ad deos ; vid. Ovidius, Pont. , 2, 6, 17) : ardenter (glowingly, passionately, ardently ; e. g. , to love, aliquem diligere, Plinius, Ep. , 6, 4, 3) : ferventer (e. g. , loqui, Cœlius, ap. Cicero).
FERVENT, ardens : flagrans : fervidus : calidus : A fervent desire or longing, desiderium ardens, or (stronger) flagrans : fervent love, amor ardens (Cicero) : to feel a fervent affection, amore ardere, flagrare : fervent prayers, * preces ab intimo animo profectæ ; preces impensissimæ (Suetonius) : with fervent prayers, prece magna, omnibus precibus : Cf. , ardentes preces is without authority. FERVENTLY, ardenter (Cicero) : flagranter (Tacitus) : calide (Plautus). To love anybody fervently, ardentissime aliquem diligere (Plinius).
FERVID, fervidus (e. g. , fervidum et furiosum genus dicendi ; fervida oratio) : fervens (e. g. , animus). Vid. FERVENT. FERVIDLY, ardenter : flagranter : ferventer (e. g. , loqui, Cœlius, ap. Cicero, Fam. , 8, 8, 2).
FERVOR : Vid. FERVENCY. FESTAL, Vid. FESTIVAL. FESTER, suppurare (intransitively). Anything festers, pus exit, effluit, effunditur ex. etc. FESTERED, suppuratus (though the verb is in the other forms, intransitive).
FESTINATION,Vid. HASTE. FESTIVAL, adjective, festus : sollemnis (celebrated at certain times of the year, etc. ) : festus ac sollemnis.
Festival attire, virilis ornatus dierum sollemnium (of men) ; mundus muliebris, qui ad dies festos comparatur (of women ; both Columella 12, 3, 1) : a festival garb or garment, dierum sollemnium vestis (after Columella 12, 3, 1) ; vestis seposita (i. e. , the dress that is kept for particular occasions ; Tibullus, 2, 5, 8, Bach. ) : in a festival garb, candide vestitus ; albatus (opposed to atratus : vid. Plautus, Cas. , 4, 1, 9 ; Horatius, Sat. , 2, 2, 61, Heindorf) : Cf. , toga feriata (Plinius, Ep. , 7, 3, 2, = toga, quæ feriatur) : festival song, carmen lætum : a festival day ; vid. FESTIVAL, s. FESTIVAL, s. , || As a single day, dies festus : dies sollemnis : dies festus ac sollemnis (the anniversary of anything, or a feast celebrated every year) : sollemne (if attended by a sacrifice) : dies feriatus (opposed to dies profestus, Plinius, 18, 6, 8, No. 1) : festum is poetical only. || Without reference to its being confined to a single day, sollemnia feriæ dies : festi (sollemnia, as far as they are solemn or regularly returning days ; feriæ, so far as they are days of rest or recreation ; festa, or, in prose, dies festi, so far as they are days of rejoicing, Döderlein) : hilaria, ium, plural (a feast in honor of Cybele) : dies læti (joyful days, in general) : epulæ, quæ fiunt ex lætitia (if the festival is attended by a banquet ; vid. Livius, 22, 50, in. ) : that day was a national festival, lætissimus ille dies civitati illuxit : to decree that the anniversary of a victory should be observed as a solemn festival, decernere, ut inter festos dies referatur (dies), quo victoria patrata sit (Tacitus, Ann. , 13, 14, 4). Cf. , Avoid festivitas, which is wrong, as well as the later sollemnitas. OBS. For ” the festival of such or such a god, * the Romans had particular names, mostly in the neuter plural ; as, Consualia, Palilia, etc. A marriage festival, sollemnia nuptiarum (Suetonius, Tacitus). To celebrate a festival, diem festum agere ; during three days, per triduum. FESTIVE, festivus : festus (improperly ; Statius) : lætus ( vid. properly word ; cheerfully excited) : hilarus : hilaris (cheerfully disposed ; both of persons and the disposition of their mind ; then of things, as day, etc. ) : festival attire or garb ; vid. FESTIVAL, adjective. FESTIVITY, || Festival, vid. || Joyousness, mirth, etc. , vid. : Cf. , festivitas in Cicero only of playful wit, etc. FETCH, v. petere : afferre : apportare (general terms for carrying or bringing anything to a place) : adducere (to
lead to any place) : producere (to bring forth ; e. g. , testes) : arcessere : accire (to go and fetch ; to summon anybody or have anybody summoned to a place ; with this difference, that with arcessere the person sent for actually makes his appearance, whereas accire leaves his coming uncertain ; hence arcessere ad aliquem , but not accire ad aliquem) : advehere : subvehere : apportare (if by waggon or on ship-board). To fetch anybody or to have anybody fetched, aliquem arcessi or arcessiri jubere : to fetch a physician, medicum arcessere ; medicum ad ægrotum adducere : to fetch water, aquam e puteo trahere (from a well for domestic use) ; aquam petere : aquatum ire (to fetch supplies of it for an army) : to fetch wood, lignari : materiari : to fetch breath, spirare ; spiritum ducere : to fetch a deep sigh, gemitum de imo pectore ducere (†) : fetch him (i. e. , bring him here), illum huc arcesse (†) ; huc coram adducas illum : to fetch evidence from etc. , argumenta arcessere a, etc. ; argumenta promere ex, etc. (e. g. , from passages, ex locis) : to fetch anything from far, or too far, aliquid longe petere or repetere ; aliquid altius or paullo altius repetere : in order that the instances or examples may not appear too far fetched, ne longius abeam : you need not fetch your proofs so far, non longe abieris (vid. Interpp. of Cicero, Roscius, Am. , 16, 47) : a sentiment that is far-fetched, arcessitum dictum : to fetch a good price, in pretio esse : to fetch no price at all, pretium non habere. || To FETCH AWAY, asportare (whether by carrying, or in a wagon, ship, etc. ) : avehere (either persons or things). || To FETCH DOWN, (α) Properly,deferre : depromere (of inanimate objects) ; deducere (of animate objects). (β) Improperly, = to humiliate, alicujus spiritus reprimere ; frangere aliquem or alicujus audaciam ; comprimere alicujus audaciam. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) frangere aliquem et comminuere. || To FETCH IN, intro ferre or afferre : to fetch a person in, aliquem intro adducere : fetch him in to me, illum huc intro adducas. || To FETCH OFF, amovere : demovere : removere : auferre : avehere : abducere : deportare [SYN. in To REMOVE]. || To FETCH OUT, efferre (by carrying) : educere (by leading or drawing) : elicere ex, etc. (by alluring inducements) : depromere (to fetch or fetch out from ; pecuniam ex area, ex ærario). || To FETCH OVER, traducere. || To fetch about : the wind has fetched about to the south, ventus se vertit in Africam. FETCH, s. , Vid. TRICK, s. FETID, male olens (general term, emitting a bad smell) : fœtidus (exhaling a very bad smell ; e. g. , of the breath or mouth, anima or os) : putidus (that is in a state of putrefaction ; e. g. , ulcer, ulcus). To be fetid, male olere ; fœtere ; putere. FETIDNESS, odor malus ; also, from context, odor only ; e. g. , odore præterire pistrinum nemo potest : fœtor (arising from putrefaction ; also, general term, for bad smell, since olor, the proper word for stench, was expunged as too vulgar a term ; vid. Döderlein, SYN. 3, p. 129).
FETLOCK (of horses), cirrus tibialis (Vegetious, 4, 1).
Fetlock-joint, gamba (e. g. , tollit altius crura, et inflectione geniculorum atque gambarum molliter vehit, Vegetius, 1, 56).
FETTER, v. , compedes indere alicui : pedica coartare (Appuleius) : pedica capere (equum, Livius). To be fettered, compedibus astrictum esse : Cf. , compedire præ- and post-classical, Varro, ap. Non. , Cat. ; servi compediti. || IMPROPR. , compede tenere aliquem ; pedicis alicujus rei alligare aliquem (Appuleius). Vid. To HAMPER. FETTER, s. , compes (shackle, for the lower part of the thigh, to prevent escape, mostly made of wood, but also of iron ; tropically like vinculum = means of coercion ; vid. Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 31, 75, vincula and compedes corporis, i. e. , the body holding the soul in fetters ; and improperly ; e. g. , grata compede juvenem tenere) : pedica (an iron for fettering the feet ; e. g. , of a slave, an ox, a horse on the pasture, etc. ). To put anybody in fetters, alicui compedes indere : the mind when freed from the fetters of the body, animus corpore solutus. If fetter = chain, vid. FEUD, || Feod [vid. FEE] . || Deadly quarrel, etc. , inimicitiæ, etc. Vid. QUARREL. FEUDAL, in late forensic Latin, * feudalis : feudal estate, prædium velut fiduciarium datum (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) : prædium beneficiarium (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2) : feudal law, eæ leges, quæ ad prædia beneficiaria pertinent ; jus feudale (technical term) : feudal estate, or land possessed under feudal law, ager velut fiduciarius (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) ; ager beneficiarius (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2) : feudal contract ; vid. ” tetter of FEOFFMENT: “feudal service, * officia a beneficiario or a cliente præstanda : the feudal lord, * patronus ; * dominus feudi (technical term) : feudal heir, * heres prædii velut fiduciarii ; * heres prædii beneficiarii : feudal estate, emphyteusis (Code Justinian, 4, 66, 1 ; Justin. Inst. , 3, 25, 3) : feudal oath, * sacramentum, quod patrono dicitur. FEVER, febris.
Fevers, febrium valetudines (as a class of disorders, Plinius). A tertian, quartan fever, febris tertiana, quartana ; mostly tertiana, quartana only ; also, febris tertiis (quartis) diebus decurrens ( vid. Gellius, 17, 12, in. ) : a hot, cold, slow, putrid fever, febris ardens, frigida, lenta (or tenui peste repens, Seneca, Ep. , 95, opposed to the febrium genus impetu sævientium). * putrida : to catch or take a fever, in febrim inefdere ; febrim nancisci ; febri corripi : to have a fever, febrim habere, pati : affectum esse febri (general term for having the disorder) ; febrire ; æstu febrique jactari (to be in a fever) ; febricitare (to be feverish, to have a fever) : to have no fever, febri carere : to recover from a quartan fever, quartanam passum convalescere, viresque integras recuperare (Gellius) : the fever begins, febris accedit, incipit ; increases, augetur, increscit ; is diminished, levatur, conquiescit (Celsus, 2, 8) ; decrescit ; returns, repetit ; continues, continuat ; leaves anybody, decedit, ab aliquo discedit, desinit, finitur (Cf. , not relinquit aliquem) ; aliquis febre (Celsus), or a febre (Plinius), liberatur : to drive away a fever, cure a fever, febrim abigere, discutere : to bring back the fever, febrim reducere : to cause a fever, febrim afferre : when the fever is most violent, in ipso febris impetu : to return home with a fever, cum febri domum redire : to be ill, but without any fever, sine febri laborare. If the fever continues, si febris manet (Celsus) : a slight fever, febricula. FEVER, v. , febrim afferre. FEVERISH,
FEVEROUS,
FEVERY, febriculosus (Catullus, 6, 4 ; Gellius, 20, 1, morbus) : a feverish attack, febricula : to have a feverish attack, in febriculam incidere. [Vid. FEVER]. || IMPROPR. , Burning, vehement, ardens ; fervens or fervidus ; æstuosus [SYN. in HEAT]. FEW, pauci (ὀλίγοι ; opposed to complures, with substantives in the plural ; the singular, paucus, is foreign to standard prose) few people, pauci : very few, perpauci ; perquam pauci ; paucissimi : not a few (i. e. , persons), multi (many) ; plerique (a great many, a great number) : few things, pauca (noun plural) : in a few words, paucis verbis ; also, paucis only ; as few as possible, quam minime multi. How few are there who. . . ? quotusquisque est, qui, etc. (with subjunctive). FEWNESS, paucitas : exiguitas :
Fewness of friends, penuria amicorum. [Vid. , also, WANT. ] || Rarity, raritas (the rare existence or presence of anything).
FIAT, Vid. COMMAND. FIB, s. , Vid. LIE, s. FIB, v. Vid. To LIE. FIBBER,Vid. LIAR. FIBRE, fibra (in bodies and plants) : pecten (the cross-fibres of trees) : capilla mentum (the fibres of the root collectively, Plinius) : filum prætenue (very fine thread of flax, wool, etc. ; then of other things).
FIBROUS, fibratus. FICKLE, inconstans : varius : mobilis : levis : mutabilis : infidelis : infirmus [Vid. CHANGEABLE] : incertus : instabilis. FICKLELY, inconstanter. FICKLENESS, inconstantia : varietas : infidelitas : levitas : mutabilitas mentis : mobilitas : infirmitas. [SYN. in INCONSTANCY. ] (The words are found in this connection and order. ) varietas atque infidelitas ; levitas et infirmitas ; inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis : mobilitas (properly, mobility of anything round its centre, and thus tropically used by Cicero, De Divin. , 2, 6, 15, and Plinius, 37, 1, 2, for “fickleness of fortune, ” fortunæ) : instabilitas (e. g. , mentis, Plinius, 24, 17, 102).
FICTION, || Figment, vid. || As act, fictio (Quintilianus) : conficrio (Cicero).
FICTITIOUS,fictus : confictus : commenticius (Cf. , not fictititius).
Fictitious gods, dii adumbrati : dii ficti et commenticii. A fictitious case, fictio (in rhetoric, Quintilianus).
FICTITIOUSLY, ficte (false).
FIDDLE, s. , * violina (perhaps with the clause “quæ dicitur,” for fides has too general a meaning) : to play on the fiddle, * violina canere ; well, scite. FIDDLE, v. , * violina canere. [Vid. FIDDLE, s. ] || To trifle, nugari : nugas agere : delectari nugis (Cicero).
FIDDLE-FADDLE, s. , nugæ : gerræ. A fiddle-faddle person, gerro iners (Terentianus) : nugator. FIDDLE-FADDLE, v. , Vid. To FIDDLE = trifle. FIDDLER, * violinista (analogous to citharista, κιθαριστής).
Feminine, * violinistria (analogous to citharistria, κιθαριστρια).
FIDDLE STICK, perhaps plectrum. || Interjection, instead of ” nonsense!” gerræ! (Plautus). FIDDLE STRING, chorda (χορδή), or pure Latin, fides (the single catgut string of a stringed instrument.
Fides, however, stands, as single string, only Cicero, Fin. , 4, 27, 75, Orelli, N. cr. ) : nervus (νεῦρον, a string made of the sinews of an animal, but also of guts). Vid. remark on STRING. FIDELITY,Vid. FAITH. FIDGE,
FIDGET, v. , vel de minimis
rebus sollicitum esse ; quiescere non posse, etc. : to fidge about, sursum deorsum cursitare (to run up and down).
FIDUCIAL, Vid. CONFIDENT. FIDUCIARY, fidei-commissarius (sc. heres, Ulpianus, Dig. ) : fiduciarius (relating to property, etc. , held as a fidei-commissum). || A fiduciary (theologically, Hammond), * qui hominem sola fide justificari ita credit, ut bona opera minus necessaria esse putet. FIE, interjection,phui! turpe dictu! proh pudor! (for shame!) O indignum facinus! FIEF, || The right bestowed on anybody, beneficium. * feudum (technical term)|| The estate held as a fief, prædium velut fiduciarium datum (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) : prædium beneficiarium (after Seneca, Ep. 90, 3). To give anybody anything as a fief, prædium velut fiduciarium alicui dare (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) : to receive anything as a fief, prædium velut fiduciarium ab aliquo accipere (after the above passage) : landed property held as a fief, ager velut fiduciarius (after Livius, 32, 28, p. in. ) ; ager beneficiarius (after Seneca, Ep. , 90, 2) : that may be held as a fief, quod velut beneficium dari potest (in forensic Latin, feudalis) : the deed relating to the fief, i. e. , the deed of feoffment, * literæ beneficiariæ : the heir of an estate held as a fief, heres prædii velut fiduciarii ; * heres prædii beneficiarii. FIELD, || A rea or surface, campus (general term). || Agricultural land, ager, or plural, agri (open field ; opposed to land that is built upon or planted with trees ; hence opposed to town, village, etc. ) : agellus (a small field) : campus (field, as comparatively level, lying low, etc. ; opposed to mons, collis) : prædiolum (if any building be attached to it) : arvum (a field that is or may be sown upon) : seges or segetes (the field with reference to the fruit or its produce) : novalis ager, or merely novalis, novale (“ager qui intermittitur a novando novalis dicitur,” Varro ; also ground recently broken up) : campus arabilis (land that may be turned into a field) : solum (the soil). A field that has not been sown on before, ager ferus (Fasti), or ager silvester (opposed to ager cultus, Columella Præf. , 25) : an uncultivated field, ager rudis : a fertile and rich field, ager crassus, pinguis (opposed to ager jejunus) ; ager bene natus (opposed to ager male natus, Varro, R. R. , 1, 6, 1) ; ager frugifer, ferax. A corn-field, arvum, or plural arva : possessing many fields, agrosus : work or labor in the field, opus rusticum : green fields [vid. MEADOW]. || Field of battle, locus pugnæ or prœlii : loca pugnæ (general term, the latter with reference to different portions of the whole battle-field ; vid. Cæsar, B. G. , 2, 27) : locus, quo or ubi pugnatum est (the place where the combat took place) : acies (the combat itself ; e. g. , to be sent or despatched from the field by anybody, ex ipsa acie mitti ab aliquo, Livius, 23, 11, 7) : in the field, in castris ; bello : at home and in the field, domi bellique ; domi belloque ; domi militiæque (seldom in any other form, and only when an emphasis is placed on belli and militiæ ; otherwise belli domique : militiæ domique) : as well at home as in the field, et domi et militiæ ; et domi et belli (seldom and rather poetical, militiæque domique) : either at home or in the field, vel domi vel belli : equally great at home and in the field, magnus bello nec minor pace ; non præstantior in armis quam in toga : to take the field, ad bellum proficisci (of the soldiers and the general) ; exercitum or milites in expeditionem educere (of the general) : to take the field (on leaving winter-quarters), copias extrahere ex hibernaculis (of the general) ; hiberna relinquere (of the soldiers) : Miltiades alone insisted on taking the field as soon as possible, unus Miltiades nitebatur, ut primo quoque tempore castra fierent : to take the field against anybody, proficisci contra aliquem ; arma capere or ferre adversus aliquem (properly) ; oppugnare aliquem (figuratively, to confute anybody’s opinion) ; in aciem (dimicationemque) venire (Cicero ; i. e. , to prepare for battle) : to have taken the field against anybody, castra habere contra aliquem : to remain master of the field, superiorem discedere ; vincere (properly and improperly). || IMPROPR. , || Compass or space (for doing any action in), campus (e. g. , to everybody the field of honor and glory is open, omnibus patet honoris et gloriæ campus, Plinius, Paneg. , 70, 8) : a field for the display of eloquence, campus, in quo oratio exsultare possit (i. e. , a topic that affords scope for eloquence) : he has an ample field before him for displaying his activity, latissime manat ejus industria : the field of history has not yet been cultivated by us, abest historia literis nostris : a wide field for my exertions lies before me, patet area lata in curas meas (†). || The field of a scutcheon, * area or solum scuti. κυρικιμασαηικο FIELD-BASIL, * clinopodium vulgare. FIELD-DAY, * tempus exercitationis (i. e. , the time).
FIELD-FARE, * turdus pilaris (Linnæus).
FIELD-MARSHAL, præfectus or præpositus (general term) : dux summus : imperator (as title of meritorious generals ; vid. Tacitus, Ann. , 2, 74, 4 ; Velleius, 2, 125, 5). Of course, none of these will convey the exact meaning. FIELD-MOUSE, mus rusticus, agrestis (†) : * mus arvalis (Linnæus).
FIELD-PIECE,Vid. CANNON. FIEND,Vid. DEVIL. FIEND-LIKE,Vid. DEVILISH. FIERCE, ferox (fierce, with reference to character) : furens (in a state of fury or passion) : furiosus (full of rage ; raging, in a physical sense) : furibundus (uttering or displaying signs of rage) : sævus (cruel, savage) : torvus : trux (of the looks of him who is in a passion, then of the person himself who has a fierce look). The fierce lioness, leæna torva : a fierce face, vultus torvus, trux : a fierce look, oculi truces : to cast around menacing and fierce looks at, etc. , circumferre truces minaciter oculos ad, etc.
FIERCELY, ferociter : furiose : furenter [SYN. in FURIOUS] : magno impetu (e. g. , to attack) : vehementer (with violence).
FIERCENESS, ferocitas : ferocia (mostly of natural and wild courage : ferocia, as a habit ; ferocitas, as showing itself in action, Döderlein ; but also used of vehemence of character, sometimes in a good, but mostly in a bad sense) : furor (fury) : sævitia (cruelty) : sæva vis alicujus rei (the violence of anything ; e. g. , of an illness, morbi). To tame, etc. , anybody’s fierceness, ferocitatem alicujus comprimere. FIERINESS, impetus (the inward impulse) : calor (warmth, zeal with which we do anything) : ardor (great vivacity, glow, especially of the mind) : ferocia (fiery temper ; e. g. , of young men ; also improperly, of wine, vini, Plinius) : ferocitas (e. g. , of horses ; as ferocia, then manifesting itself) : The fieriness of the mind, vigor, ardor, fervor animi or mentis ; of youth, juvenilis ardor ; ferocia juvenum ardor ætatis : natural fieriness of temper, quædam animi incitatio atque alacritas naturaliter innata. FIERY, || PROPR. , igneus : ardens (glowing, etc. ). || IMPROPR. , (a)Sparkling, ardens : fulgens.
Fiery eyes, oculi ardentes, fulgentes : fiery color, coloris flamma. (b) Strong ; e. g. , wine, vinum validum (opposed to imbecillum, Plinius, 14, 21, 27) : vinum fervidum (hot, Horatius, Sat. , 2, 8, 38). (c) Full of spiritual or mental fire, etc. , ardens (on fire, as it were ; of the mind, a poet, etc. ) : fervidus (boiling up, as it were, with inward power or vivacity ; e. g. , youth, a speech) : acer (energetic, strong, etc. ; e. g. , of an orator or his speech) : calidus (full of warmth, etc. , of the blood ; also of a man himself). A fiery speech, oratio ardens, fervida ; orationis incitatio : to be a fiery speaker, acrem esse in dicendo : fiery minds, ingenia fervida : a fiery horse, equus calidus or acer ; equus ferocitate exsultans (while exhibiting his fiery temper) : a fiery mind or temperament, ingenium ardens or fervidum a fiery youth, or a youth of fiery character, juvenis ferventis animi. FIFE, fistula (any pipe or tube ; also the shepherd’s pipe) : tibia (flute-like pipe).
FIFER, fistulator : tibicen. FIFTEEN, quindecim : decem quinque.
Fifteen apiece, quini deni ; quindeni : fifteen-fold, quini deni (fifteen at once) quindecies tantum ; vid. the examples in FIVE-FOLD. The field bears fifteen-fold, ager efficit cum quinto decimo : the fifteen (men, similar to triumviri), quindecim viri : the dignity or office of the fifteen, quindecimviratus (mostly now and then in the later writers) : concerning the fifteen, quindecimviralis (Tacitus, Ann. , 11, 11, 1) : fifteen times, quindecies. FIFTEENTH, quintus decimus (quindecimus, in later writers only) : one of the fifteenth legion, quintadecumanus : for the fifteenth time, * quintum decimum. The fifteenth of March, Idus Martiæ. FIFTH, quintus. Each fifth (man), quintus quisque : every fifth month (e. g. , he goes on a journey), quinto quoque mense : the fifth day of or after the Ides, quinquatrus : one of the fifth rank, quintarius : one of the fifth legion, quintanus : for the fifth time, quintum : what occurs on the fifth day, quintanus (e. g. , on the fifth day of the month, as the Nonæ) : at every fifth pole, quintanis (sc. vicibus ; of planting vines, Plinius) : the fifth book of Moses, Deuteronomium (Eccl. ) : a fifth part, pars quinta : Cf. , quincunx is five-twelfths : three-fifths ; e. g. , of an hour, quintæ partes horæ tres (Plinius, 6, 34, 39) : happening every fifth year, quinquennalis. FIFTHLY,Vid. FIFTH. FIFTIETH, quinquagesimus : one that is in his fiftieth year, homo quinquagenarius. FIFTY, quinquaginta : each fifty, quinquageni (i. e. , fifty at once, especially of substantives that are used in the plural number only ; e. g. , quinquagenæ literæ, fifty letters, whereas quinquaginta literæ = fifty alphabetic letters) : consisting of fifty, or containing fifty, fifty years old, or of age, quinquagenarius : a tube
fifty inches in diameter, fistula quinquagenaria : fifty times, quinquagies. FIG,|| The tree, arbor fici : ficus (συκῆ, * ficus carica, Linnæus) : caprificus (ὲπινεός, a wild fig-tree, the fruit of which does not become ripe) : sycomorus (the Egyptian fig-tree, * ficus sycombrus, Linnæus) : a place planted with fig-trees or figs, ficetum : of a fig, ficulnus or ficulneus : wood of a fig, lignum ficulneum. || The fruit, ficus : the green or unripe fig, grossus : the dried fig, carica : good Caunean figs, Cauneæ : a small fig, ficulus : belonging or relating to figs, ficarius : a fig-leaf, folium ficulneum : a fig-garden, ficetum : a fig-kernel, granum fici : stewed figs, sycatum (Apicius) : wine made of figs, sycites ; vinum e fico factum or expressum (vid. Plinius 14, 16, 18, No. 3) : not to care a fig about or for anything, aliquid flocci non facere (Cicero), or non pendere (Plautus, etc. ) ; non pili unius facere (Catullus) ; non nauci habere (Ennius, ap. Cicero) ; non assis, ne teruncii quidem facere ; non unius assis æstimare. FIGHT, pugnare (denotes a formal intentional battle, and that on its fairest side, as requiring skill and courage) : eonfligere (with or without armis, manu, prœlio, denotes any engagement, often in consequence of an accidental collision ; and on its rough side, as causing slaughter and carnage ; confligere cum aliquo or inter se) : decernere (mostly with armis, ferro, prœlio, acie ; to fight with the view of settling a quarrel) : dimicare (especially with reference to a speedy determination, and to what one risks, what is at stake ; mostly therefore in a good sense ; dimicare pro legibus, patria, libertate ; and improperly, what is at stake being expressed by de ; dimicare de capite, fama, civitate, gloria, etc. ; also with prœlio, acie) : digladiari (to fight with sword or poniard, like a practised gladiator or assassin : to fight with each other, digladiari inter se) : prœliari (Döderlein makes prœlium the occasional engagement of particular divisions of the army ; but it would rather seem to refer to the military movements, positions, etc. , of an engagement ; also, improperly, with words) : conflictari, with anybody, cum aliquo (e. g. , cum adversa fortuna, Nepos) : depugnare : decertare ( = pugnare, certare, with the added notion of perseverance till one party is defeated ; depugnare also of gladiators ; used also improperly, cum fame) : arma ferre in or contra aliquem (to take up arms against him) : contendere : certare : concertare : decertare (with reference to the contest, armis, prœlio, acie) : prœlium or pugnam facere or edere (to fight a battle) : luctari (as a wrestler ; also, cum fluctibus) : pugilare (to box). To fight a battle, prœlium or pugnam facere or edere : prœliari (general term) ; prœlio decertare, or decernere, or dimicare : to fight for anything (e. g. , for one’s country, etc. ), pugnare, dimicare, decernere pro re ; with a sword, ferro decernere : to fight a duel, ex provocatione dimicare : to fight anybody, manu eonfligere cum aliquo : to fight with fists, heels, teeth, etc. , pugnis contendere ; pugnis, calcibus, morsu certare : to fight about anything, pugnare, certare, contendere, dimicare, de re : he challenged their king to fight a duel with him, sibi regem eorum privatum hostem deposcit (Justinus, 12, 8, 3) : to fight against an opinion, sententiam impugnare : to fight against anybody, pugnare in hostem (Livius)\ adversus multitudinem (Sallustius) : to fight a battle with anybody, pugnam committere cum aliquo. To fight one’s way through the very midst of the enemy, per medios or per mediam hostium aciein perrumpere : to fight one’s way to anybody, ad aliquem erumpere : to fight one’s way through a crowd, penetrare per densam turbam : to fight it out, armis disceptare de re. FIGHT, s. , Vid. BATTLE, COMBAT. FIGHTER,Vid. COMBATANT. FIGHTING, dimicatio, etc. Sometimes pugna, bellum ; but in the oblique cases mostly by gerund : used or accustomed to fighting, * bello assuetus : fond of fighting, alacer ad pugnandum : cupidus pugnandi or pugnæ : cupidus bellandi : certaminis avidus : some hard fighting, dies gravissimus (i. e. , a day of hard fighting, Cæsar, B. G. , 5, 43) : there was a deal of hard fighting throughout the day, ægre is dies sustentabatur : there was, etc. , by our troops, hic dies nostris longe gravissimus fuit : there was some hard fighting going on, acriter pugnabatur, magna vi certabatur ; acriter or acerrime prœliabantur (sc. nostri et hostes).
FIGMENT, commentum : fabula commenticia. Cf. , Figmentum has no sufficient authority ; Gellius, Appul. FIGPECKER, ficedula (“motacilla ficedula, Linnæus).
FIG-TREE,Vid. FIG. FIG-WORT, scrophularia (Linnæus).
FIGURATE, figuratus. Vid. FIGURATIVE. FIGURATELY, * rigurata oratione. FIGURATION, figuratio : formatio (as action) : figura : forma : species [SYN. in FIGURE]: (The words are found in this connection and order. ) conformatio et figura. FIGURATIVE, * imagine expressus : figuratus (e. g. , oratio, verbum, (Quintilianus) : translatus (metaphorical ; e. g. , verbum, opposed to verbum proprium) : mutatus (Cicero, Or. , 27, “a translatis distinguit mutata, ita ut illa ad metaphoram. . . hæc ad tropos pertineant. ” Ern. , Lex. Rhet. , p. 405) : a figurative expression, verborum immutatio (Cicero, Brut. , 17, 69) : to use a word in a figurative sense, verbum assumere (Quintilianus, 1, 121).
FIGURATIVELY, per figuram : per translationem : * figurata oratione ; or after the Greek forms, tropice or metaphorice. Sometimes tecte (in an oblique or concealed manner) may serve. Cf. , Figurate late (Asconius). To use a word figuratively, verbum assumere (Quintilianus, 11, 1, 121).
FIGURE, figura (general term for shape, with reference to its outline, οχῆμα) : forma (the form, with reference to internal properties with which it corresponds ; to color and beauty as well as to outline, μορφή) : species (the external appearance, whether agreeing with the real nature of the thing itself or not, εἶδος). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) figura et forma ; forma ac figura ; forma figuraque ; figura et species ; forma atque species ; species atque figura or forma. Geometrical figures, formæ Cf. , not figuræ) geometricæ(Cicero, Rep. , 1, 17) ; descriptiones (Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 17, 38) : So in drawing, ” figure” is forma, not figura. To describe geometrical figures, formas geometricas describere. The figure of a man, or the human figure, figura hominum or humana ; humana species ac figura ; humana forma. To cut a bad figure in anything, * parum honestæ sunt meæ partes in aliqua re : he cut but an indifferent figure, * minus splendide se gessit. || In rhetoric, forma : orationis lumen, or insigne, or ornamentum (Cicero uses these expressions, but figura, which afterward became a technical term, is to be preferred to them ; Cicero himself prepared the way for its adoption ; e. g. , sententiæ et earum formæ, tamquam figuræ. De Opt. Gen. Orat. , 5, 14) : oratorical figures, orationis ornamenta ; verborum exornationes (Auct. , ad Herenn. ). Cf. , “Metaphors, ” translatio, and ” tropes, ” tropus, are distinguished from figuræ by Quintilianus, 9, 1 , 4. FIGURE, v. , || To form into a determined shape, fingere : figurare : formare : formam alicujus rei facere : imaginem alicujus rei ducere ; from anything, ex re (to form an image out of any shapeless mass). [Vid. To FORM. ] (The words are found in this connection and order. ) fingere et formare. To figure anything, aliquid in formam alicujus rei redigere. [Vid. also, To FORM. ] || To depict, vid. || To represent, as a type, repræsentare effigiem or speciem alicujus rei (to have or bear the image or look of anything) : indicare : significare (to indicate, to signify). || To diversify with figures, figuris ornare or variare (Quintilianus) : distinguere (to ornament a surface by bright or other striking objects placed at intervals). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) distinguere et ornare : ornare et distinguere.
Figured goblets, cælata pocula. || To conceive a notion of anything, or to represent to one’s mind, cogitatione sibi fingere : animo sibi effingere : animo concipere : to figure anything to one’s self, proponere sibi ante oculos animumque. FILACEOUS, usque in fila attenuatus. FILAMENT, filum prætenue (thin thread of flax or wool, then by analogy, also of other things). But filamentum may be used as botanical technical term. FILBERT, nux avellana, or avellana only : the tree or bush, corylus (κόρυλος), or, pure Latin, nux avellana (Plinius, 16, 30, 52) : made of a filbert-tree, colurnus : a filbert hedge, coryletum. FILCH, clepere (implying contemptibleness of the action ; an obsolete word, which has, however, remained in use when joined with another verb ; e. g. , rapere et clepere, i. e. , to rob and filch ; vid. Cicero, De Rep. , 4, 5 ; Prudentius, Psychom. , 562) ; from anybody, alicui aliquid : surripere alicui aliquid or aliquid a aliquo (which is a less expressive and strong term, and may be used of any kind of theft, even if practised as a mere joke ; e. g. , multa a Nævio surripuisse) : furto subducere. Vid. To STEAL. FILCHER,Vid. THIEF. FILCHING : Vid. THEFT. FILE, s. , || A thread, filum : linum. [Vid. THREAD. ] || Papers filed on a string. (The Romans, for that purpose, used the ” scapus ” [a sort of rolling-pin] to collect or wrap papers round, which latter was called “volumen”). || A line of troops, ordo. Rank and file, milites gregarii (but only in a depreciating sense ; as milites alone = ” common soldiers;” opposed to officers). || List of soldiers, etc. , index (general term for catalogue) : numeri (of soldiers ; for which matricula was used late in time of emperors, Torrent. , Suetonius, Vesp. 6). || A mechanical instrument, lima ; to rub or smooth with a file, lima persequi : perpolire. FILE, v. , || To put on a string, inserere lino (e. g. , pearls ; Tertullianus, Hub.
Mul. , 9, “margaritas inserere lino”) : resticulam or resticulas perserere per etc. (to run a string through anything, in order to suspend the object afterward by it ; e. g. , resticulas per ficos maturas perserere, Varro, R. R. , 1, 41, 5). || To file a bill in a court of justice, [vid. “bring an ACTION”]. || To rub down with a file [vid. FILE, substantive]. || To file off, delimare (if with af, lima) : descobinare (if with a rasp, scobina) : also lima polire, properly and improperly. FILE, v. INTRANS. , perhaps in acie procedere. FILIAL, pius erga parentes, etc. (with reference to behavior toward parents, relations, etc. ; “erga parentes,” etc. , may also be left out, if it can be understood from the context) ; also circumlocution by genitive, liberorum ; e. g. , it is a filial duty, est liberorum : filial love or affection, pietas erga parentes, etc. ; vid. the remark on “pius: ” to cherish with filial affection, perhaps aliquem pie or pietate colere (a father, a mother) ; aliquem patris (matris) loco colere (i. e. , as a father or a mother).
FILIALLY, pie. FILINGS, scobis elimata, delimata, also scobis only : ramenta are what are shaven off. Brass fillings, delimata æris scobis (Plinius, 34, 26) : hence iron fillings, * delimata ferri scobis, etc. Ivory fillings, scobis eboris (Celsus, 5, 5). (Priscian has scobs neuter, and in Celsus and Columella scrobis is found).
FILL, TRANS. , complere (to fill completely ; e. g. fossas sarmentis et virgultis ; vascula ; paginam ; and figuratively, omnia terrore ; aliquem gaudio, bona spe, etc. ; also to fill with the full complement ; e. g. , legiones) : implere (to fill by something put into it ; e. g. , ollam, pateram, gremium, etc. ; also libros, volumina, and se sanguine, etc. ) : explere (to fill out, so that no vacuum is left inside, quasi rimas explere, mundum bonis omnibus, etc. ) : opplere (to fill anything, of which it also covers the surface, nives omnia ; Græciam hæc opinio opplevit) : replere (to fill again ; e. g. , exhaustas domos ; also to fill full, campos strage hostium). All these, anything with anything, aliquid aliqua re, except that Livy has replere alicujus rei, and Cicero ollam denariorum implere, and career mercatorum completus : farcire (to stuff ; e. g. , a cushion, a pillow, etc. , with roses) : ref’ercire (to cram full) : cumulare (to heap), aliquid aliqua re. To be filled full of meat and drink, cibo et potione completum esse ; epulis refertum esse : to fill one’s self full with food, se ingurgitare cibis ; of wine, vino se onerare : vino obrui or se obruere : to fill anything; i. e. , to pour liquid into a vessel, plene infundere (to fill to the brim) : to fill a place with people, locum complere hominibus (a prison, carcerem) ; locum frequentare (to cause any place to be filled with people) : to fill a page, paginam complere : Chrysippus has filled whole volumes on the subject, de quibus volumina impleta sunt a Chrysippo : what is this ravishing sound that fills my ears ? qui complet aures meas tam dulcis sonus? (Cicero, Somn. Scip. , 5) : to fill the earth with the glory of one’s name, implere orbem terrarum nominis sui gloria. || To occupy (an office, etc. ), locum obtinere : to fill a priesthood, sacerdotio præditum esse. || To FILL OUT. To fill one’s self out, complere se (cibo, etc. ). || To FILL UP, explere : implere (quite full to the brim) : to fill up a ditch, fossam complere (e. g. , sarmentis et virgultis), or implere (e. g. , aggere, with rubbish) ; the gaps with stones, intervalla saxis effarcire. FILL, INTRANS. , compleri : impleri : expleri : oppleri : repleri. [SYN. in To FILL. ]A ship fills with water, alveus navis haurit aquas (†) ; (omnibus) compagibus aquam accipere (to be filling with water through the seams).
FILLET, || A tie for the fore head, fascia (general term) : vitta (worn by priests and other sacred persons, more especially, however, by women) : nimbus (worn by females, in order to make the forehead look smaller, Plautus, Pœn. 1, 2, 135). Ornamented with a fillet, vittatus. || Of a column, corona : Cf. , fascia, Vitruvius, 3, 3, is a division of the architrave. || A roast fillet (of veal), lumbus assatus. FILLIP, s. , talistrum (Suetonius, Tib. , 68, in. ).
FILLIP, v. , * talistrum alicui infringere. FILLY, equula. FILM, cuticula : membranula : pellicula. SYN. in SKIN. FILMY, membranaceus. FILTER,
FILTRATE, colare : percolare (general technical terms) : liquare (in order to make clear).
FILTER, s. , colum. FILTH,
FILTHINESS, sordes (opposed to splendor ; the result of indigence, or niggardliness and vulgarity ; e. g. , of clothes dirty from long wear, ῥύπος) : squalor (opposed to nitor, through want of civilized habits, and of delicacy of feeling, etc. ; e. g. , uncombed hair, αὐχμός) : pædor (opposed to munditiæ, through neglect of the person ; e. g. , through pædiculos, vermin, itch, etc. , πίνος) : situs (opposed to usus ; in consequence of long disuse ; e. g. , through mould, rust, etc. , ἄζη). – lutum (mud or dirt of streets, roads, etc. ; i. e. , earth and water) : cœnum (mire, mud, as defiling and disgusting) : illuvies (heaped up dirt, etc. , that has gradually collected, and become a large offensive mass) : purgamentum (offscourings, foul water, etc. ). Covered with filth, oblitus luto, limo, cœno ; obsitus sordibus, squalore, pædore ; squalore sordidus ; pædore horridus : to be covered with filth, situ squalere. FILTHILY, sordide, obscœne. SYN. in FILTHY. FILTHY,Vid. DIRTY. FILTRATION, percolatio (e. g. , uti percolationibus aquæ transmutari possint, Vitruvius, 8, 7).
FIN, pinna. FINABLE,To be finable, multam commisisse : to become finable, multam committere. FINAL, ultimus : extremus : novissimus [SYN. in LAST] : immutabilis (unchangeable) : A final edict, * edictum peremptorium. In philosophical language, finem significans (Cf. , not finalis in any sense). A final cause, ultima causa (the most remote, but original and primary).
FINALLY, ad ultimum : ad extremum : denique : postremo (in the enumeration of several things ; postremo only before the very last ; the other three before the last, or last but one) : novissime (in reference to other preceding occurrences, Hirtius, B. G. , 8, 48 ; Cicero, Fam. , 10, 24) : quod superest : quod reliquum est : quod restat : quod extremum est (in introducing a conclusion, etc. , appended to several preceding divisions of a discourse).
FINANCE, || Of a private individual, res familiaris (i. e. , property) : vectigal, or in plural, vectigalia (i. e. , revenues) : finances that are in a bad state, res familiaris perturbata : anybody’s finances are in a bad state, comminutus est aliquis re familiari. || Of a state or prince, vectigalia (revenue of the state) : ærarium (the treasury) : fiscus (private treasury of a prince, in time of emperors). To regulate the finance, vectigalia or rem publicam ordinare (after Horatius, Od. , 2, 1, 10) : things pertaining to the finances, financial matters, * res ad vectigalia (or ad ærarium) pertinentes ; also respublica (after the Greek πολιτεία, according to Morgenstern, in Seebode’s Archiv. 1829, No. 17, p. 68 ; e. g. , modica respublica novis sumtibus atterebatur, Plinius, Ep. 9, 33, 10) : the science of finance, doctrina rerum ad vectigalia pertinentium : the administration of the finances, cura ærarii (Suetonius, Oct. , 36) : minister of finance, i. e. , our “first lord of the treasury, ” cui cura ærarii tradita est (after Suetonius, Oct. , 36). κυρικιμασαηικο
FINANCIAL, ad vectigalia or ad ærarium pertinens : the financial department, cura ærarii. FINANCIER,Vid. FINANCE. FINCH, * fringilla (Linnæus).
FIND, || To discover, etc. , invenire (the proper word of one who arrives at the knowledge of what has hitherto been unknown to him, especially if the thing is found unintentionally and without effort, εὑρίσκειν ; but observe, invenire, as the generic term, is used in all the meanings of our “to find ;” e. g. , scuto relato inventa sunt in eo foramina CXX, Cæsar. , where, of course, the effort of counting the holes was made ; so in constructions like ” but few men are found who” etc. ) : reperire (to find after long seeking, with the accessory notion of the relatively deep concealment of what is found, ἀνευρίσκειν) : offendere (to light upon anything, to meet accidentally, come, as it were, into contact with an event, etc. , with accessory notion of surprise, either on the part of the subject that finds, or on the part of the object found, ἐντυγχάνειν) : deprehendere in re (to find anybody engaged in any occupation, mostly of a dishonest nature ; it implies a design on the part of the finder, and an unwillingness on the part of the person found, ἐγκαταλαμβάνειν τινά τινι ; also with accusative only, deprehendere venenum in manibus alicujus, Cicero, Muretus, etc. , use, incorrectly, multi deprehensi sunt, etc. , for reperti sunt) : animadvertere (to perceive, especially in others) : I found it stated in the (original) historians, that, etc. , apud auctores invenio, etc. ; a very few discovered some boats, and thus, found a means of escape, perpauci lintribus inventis sibi salutem repererunt : to find words is an easy matter to the innocent, verba reperire innocenti facile : you will not find the same feeling that you left here, non offendes eundem bonorum sensum, quem reliquisti (Cicero, Fam. , 2, 1, 9) : they found the temple still unfinished, nondum perfectum templum offenderunt. || To be found, inveniri : reperiri : gigni (to be produced somewhere, of natural products) : to be found abundantly, aliqua re aliquid abundat (i. e. , anything abounds in), or repertum est (anything is quite full of anything ; scatet is post-classical) : instances of refined and intellectual bantering are found abundantly in the writings of the Socratic school, ingenioso et faceto genere jocandi philosophorum Socraticorum libri referti
sunt : only to be found in such and such a person, in aliquo esse solo (i. e. , to be inherent in that person only ; e. g. , Cicero, Off. , 3, 3, 13) : there is no longer any trace of it to be found, * ne vestigium quidem reliquum est. || To receive, to obtain, to meet with, invenire (εὑρίσκειν, vid. Ruhnken, Ter. , Andr. , 1, 1, 39) : anything is very hard to find, aliquid difficillime reperitur : to find audience or a hearing, ab aliquo audiri ; assistance, ab aliquo juvari, auxilio juvari : to find compassion, alicujus misericordiam commovere, concitare : he found admirers, erant (non deerant) qui eum admirarentur : to find favor with anybody, alicujus gratiam sibi conciliare ; inire gratiam ab aliquo, or apud (ad) aliquem : to find one’s death, perire ; in battle, pugnantem cadere, prœliantem ocefdere. || To feel, sentire. To find pleasure, etc. , in anything, delectari, oblectari aliqua re : to find it necessary, opus esse arbitrari (Cf. , not necesse, necessarium, etc. , invenire). || To comprehend, to see, videre, reperire (to find by experience) : invenire : intelligere (to conceive, to see) : cognoscere (after examination, to learn, to become acquainted with a thing as it really is ; e. g. , I find it impossible, video, id fieri non posse : you will find him an obliging person, hominem officiosum cognosces). || To find a man in anything, [vid. “to PROVIDE with. ” || To FIND OUT, invenire : reperire : deprehendere (the last, especially of finding out something wrong, detecting, etc. , deprehendere facinora oculis). To find out where he is, invenire locum, ubi sit : to find out ( = invent) arts, artes invenire. || MISCELLANEOUS. To find anybody guilty [vid. GUILTY]. To find fault with anybody, reprehendere aliquid in aliquo (to censure in general ; opposed to probare) ; vituperare, anybody or anything, aliquem, or aliquid, or aliquem in aliqua re (to censure as faulty, opposed to laudare) ; desiderare or requirere in aliquo (to reprove ; the latter in Cicero, Mur. , 29, 61) : to find fault with anything, fastidire in re, or with accusative and infinitive : a person who is always finding fault, morosus ; difficilis. (The words are found in this connection and order. ) difficilis et morosus. FINDER, inventor : repertor. FINE, || Thin, subtilis (e. g. , of things woven ; not coarse, opposed ; to crassus ; e. g. , thread, leather, flour, juice, etc. ) : tenuis (thin, not thick ; opposed to crassus ; e. g. , wool, needle, garment, etc. ) : exilis (not strong, mostly with blame ; indicating insufficiency, especially of the voice ; vid. Quintilianus, 11, 3, 15). || Pure, purus (e. g. , gold, silver, sugar, etc. ) : obryzus (that has been proved by fire, aurum, Vulg. , 2 Chron. , 3, 5 ; cf. Petronius, 67, 6, Burmann. ). || Of pleasing, striking exterior, etc. , bellus. A fine shape, forma liberalis. || Ironically used ; bonus (properly good, as it ought to be ; but also ironically ; e. g. , a fine general indeed ! bonus imperator ! vid. Heindorf, Horatius, Sat. , 2, 2, 1) : egregius : eximius (distinguished ; e. g. , action, face, smell, etc. ) : præclarus (grand, magnificent ; e. g. , deed ; also ironically ; e. g. , a fine philosophy forsooth! præclara sapientia !). || Miscellaneous constructions : the fine arts, artes elegantes : artes ingenuæ, liberates : those are fine words, but nothing else, verba isthæc sunt : a fine opportunity, occasio maxime opportuna : a fine gentleman, homo ad unguem factus (satirically, as Horatius, Sat. , 1, 5, 32) : homo omni vita atque victu excultus atque expolitus (with praise). || Acute, elegans (discerning acutely, with respect to the taste in which that discernment displays itself) : subtilis (with reference to the acuteness of the mental faculties, by which the object is clearly conceived and distinguished from others) : argutus (sharp, subtile) : perspicax (penetrating) : sagax(of fine smell ; then also = seeing clearly) : a fine ear, aures elegantes, eruditæ, teretes : a fine distinction, tenue diserimen. || Cunning, callidus : versutus. [Vid. CUNNING. ] || Splendid, magnificus (whatever is imposing, or has an imposing effect by its exterior ; e. g. , edifice, utensils, etc. ) : splendidus (lordly). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) splendidus et magnificus : præclarus (distinguished from the rest or all others of the kind). (The words are found in this connection and order. ) magnificus et præclarus [Vid. , also, SPLENDID. ] || Very fine ! belle! pulchre ! FINE, s. , pœna pecuniaria (general term, Ulpianus, Dig. , 3, 1, 1, §6) : damnum : mulcta or multa (damnum, the fine, as so much loss to him who pays it ; multa, as a compensation to the injured person, the payment of which is justly inflicted on the injurer) : lis : lis æstimata (the fine which is imposed by the judge, vid. Herzog, Cæsar B. G. , 5, 1 ; Bremi, Nep. , Milt. , 7, 6) : The being condemned to pay a fine, condemnatio pecuniaria (Ulpianus, Dig. , 42, 1, 6) : pecunia multaticia : argentum multaticium (the money itself) : to impose a fine on anybody, pœna pecuniaria (or multa et pœna or pecunia) multare aliquem : to condemn anybody to pay a fine, multam alicui dicere (Cf. , multare irrogare is the demand made by the accuser or tribune of the people, that the accused person should pay such or such a sum) : to subject one’s self to a fine, multam committere : not to be able to pay a fine, multam ferre non posse. || Fine ( = end). Vid. FINALLY. FINE, v. || To impose a fine [vid. FINE, substantive]. || Refine, vid. FINEDRAW, consuere : obsuere. FINEDRAWER, puella or mulier, quæ acu victum quæritat (after Terentius, Andr. , 1, 1, 48 ; i. e. , a seamstress in general).
FINELY, pulchre : belle : eleganter (beautifully, etc. ) : subtiliter : argute : callide : versute (cunningly, etc. ) : bene : egregie : eximie : præclare (well, excellently). To be finely painted, pulchre pictum esse. FINENESS, subtilitas (fineness, delicacy ; improperly, acuteness in thinking or discerning) : tenuitas (thinness, Cicero, Tusc. , 1, 22, 50) : præstantia (inherent excellence) : elegantia (in speaking, discerning, etc. , inasmuch as it displays taste) : argutiæ (acuteness, subtlety ; e. g. , of a speech).
FINER, flator (* Pomponius, Dig. , 1, 2, 2, §29).
FINERY, cultus justo mundior (Livius, 8, 15) : cultus speciosior quam pretiosior : holiday finery, ornatus dierum sollemnium. FINESPUN,Vid. FINE. FINESSE, calliditas : versutia. Vid. CUNNING. FINGER, digitus (also as measure ; e. g. , four fingers long, broad, thick, quatuor digitos longus, latus, crassus) : pollex (the thumb, also as measure). The fore-finger, digitus apollice proximus (Appuleius, Met. , 1, p. 105, 37) ; index digitus (Horatius, Sat. , 2, 8, 26 ; Plinius, 28, 2, 5) ; digitus salutaris (Suetonius, Oct. , 80) : the middle finger, digitus medius (Plinius, 11, 43, 99 ; Quintilianus, 11, 3, 92 ; Martisalis, 2, 28, 2) ; digitus famosus or infamis (Schol. Cruq. , Horatius, Sat. , 2, 8, 30 ; Persius, 2, 33) ; digitus impudicus (Martisalis, 6, 70) : the third finger, digitus medicus or medicinalis (Schol. Cruq. , etc. ; Macrobius, Sat. , 7, 13) ; digitus minimo proximus (Gellius, 10, 10, according to which passage the ring was worn on that finger of the left hand ; also Macrobius, p. 260) digitus minimo vicinus (Macrobius) : the little finger, digitus minimus (Horatius, Sat. , 1, 4, 14 ; Plinius, 11, 43, 99 ; Gellius, 10, 10) ; digitus brevissimus (Macrobius) : a finger long, or of the length of a finger, longitudine digitali : a finger in width, digitalis ; latitudine digitali or unius digiti : half a finger wide, semidigitalis : a or one finger thick, or of the thickness of a finger, crassitudine digitali : to be of the width of ten fingers, alicujus rei latitudo digitorum decem est : of the thickness of two fingers, crassitudine binum digitorum : to put one’s finger on a verse or a passage when one looks off the book, * versum digito premere : to put one’s finger on one’s lips, digito suadere silentium (i. e. , as a sign or signal that silence is required, as Ovidius, Met. , 9, 691) : to stretch out the middle finger, digitum medium porrigere (†) : to lift one’s finger (in bidding or voting), digitum tollere : to point to anything or anybody with one’s finger, digitum intendere ad aliquid or ad aliquem ; digito (not digitis) monstrare aliquid or aliquem ; demonstrare aliquid or aliquem ; digito demonstrare aliquem conspicuumque facere (in order to direct the eyes of people on anybody, Suetonius, Oct. , 45, extr. ) ; digito monstratur aliquis : to count anything over, or to calculate on one’s fingers, in digitos digerere ; digitis, per digitos numerare ; digitis computare : to have a thing at one’s fingers’ end, in aliqua re versatum esse ; aliquid cognitum habere (to be well versed in it) ; regnare in aliqua re (to be proficient in anything ; vid. Cicero, Or. , 27, 128) ; memoriter pronunciare, enumerare (to know by heart) : to have everything, etc. , nulla in re rudem esse : to see the finger of God in anything, * divinitus aliquid accidisse putare : I don’t choose to have any finger in it, hanc rem non attingam : in the shape of a finger, in formam digiti redactus (after Columella, 12, 15, extr. ) : a small finger, digitulus (Cf. , digitus minimus means the little finger of the hand) : finger-nail, unguis : the tip of the fingers, digitus extremus : to touch anything with the tip of one’s fingers, digitis extremis attingere : Cf. , digiti primores and digitus primus, however, standjor the first joint of the finger. To make a sign to anybody with one’s finger, per digitorum gestum significare aliquid (after Ovidius, Trist. , 5, 10, 36) :
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to speak with one fingers, digitis loqui (ib. , 2, 453) ; in vicem sermonis digitis uti (after Solin. , 30, 13) : the art of speaking with one’s fingers, digitorum signa, plural, (Quintilianus, 11, 3, 66) : digiti nostram
voluntatem declarantes : to beat or keep time with one’s fingers, digitis vocem gubernare (after Petronius, 127).