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EMBARRASSED, turbatus :conturbatus :perturbatus (brought into disorder ; conturbatus and perturbatus also = confounded, alarmed) :confusus (also = confounded). (The words are found in this connection and order.) conturbatus et confusus : impeditus (entangled) :perplexus (perplexed, obscure).
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I am embarrassed, sum animo conturbato et incerto.An embarrassed look, os confusum :an embarrassed speech, oratio confusa :sermo perplexus.
Embarrassed circumstances, implicatio rei familiaris (Cicero) :res familiaris affecta, perturbata : res minus secundæ :In his very embarrassed circumstances, in extremis rebus suis :my circumstances are embarrassed, res meæ sunt minus secundæ.
EMBARRASSMENT, || Perplexity, etc., implicatio (figuratively ; e. g., rei familiaris, Cicero) :perturbatio (destruction of the proper order of anything ; also confusion of mind) :mens turbata (embarrassment of mind) :dubitatio (doubt) :os confusum (embarrassed look).
Embarrassments ( = embarrassed circumstances), implicatio rei familiaris ; res familiaris affecta or perturbata :on account of his embarrassments, propter implicationem rei familiaris (Cicero).I know not how to escape from my embarrassment, nescio, quomodo me expediam (ex re). || Hindrance, impedimentum : interpellatio :mora :difficultas. SYN. in HINDERANCE, v.
EMBASE, corrumpere :depravare :deterius facere : in pejus mutare.
EMBASSADOR,
EMBASSADRESS, Vid. AMBASSADOR, AMBASSADRESS.
EMBASSY, legatio (also = collective body ; e. g., legatio Romam venit) :legationis munus.To undertake an embassy, legationem suscipere or obire :to refuse an embassy, legationis munus recusare :to be employed in important embassies, legationes, quæ sunt illustriores, per aliquem administrantur :to send an embassy to anybody, legationem mittere ad aliquem (or legatum mittere, or mittere, qui, etc. with subjunctive) :to send anybody on an embassy to anybody about a subject, aliquem legatum mittere, or legare, ad aliquem de re.
EMBATTLE, aciem instruere, instituere; copias or exercitum instruere. INTR., ordinatos or instructos consistere :armatos in acie stare ; instructos stare.
EMBELLISH, ornare :exornare :adornare :decorare : distinguere :(The words are found in this connection and order.) distinguere et adornare [SYN. in ADORN] : decori or ornamento esse : decus afferre alicui or alicui rei.To embellish with words, aliquid verbis adornare or oratione exornare.
EMBELLISHMENT, decus :ornamentum :lumen : insigne [SYN. in ORNAMENT] :(The words are found in this connection and order.) insigne atque ornamentum. The embellishments of temples, decora et ornamenta fanorum.
EMBER-DAYS, * sancti or solemnes dies inaugurandorum sacerdotum.
EMBERS, cinis (cineres) :favilla. SYN. in ASHES.
EMBEZZLE, avertere (e. g., pecuniam, turn it aside, so that it does not reach its destination) :intervertere : intervertere ad seseque transferre (appropriate what was intended for another, donum, hereditatem) :supprimere : retinere et supprimere (not to deliver up what was entrusted to one; pecuniam) :depeculari (Cf., only once post-classical, in Florus) :aliquem circumducere or circumvertere argento (general term for tricking anybody out of his money) :to embezzle public money, pecuniam publicam avertere ; peculatum facere.
EMBEZZLEMENT, argenti circumductio (general term for cheating in money-matters ; Plautus) :peculatus publicus (embezzlement of public money) :suppressio judicialis (of money paid into court).Or circumlocution with pecuniam avertere.
EMBITTER, exacerbare.
EMBLAZON, * insignia gentilicia exprimere or explicare. || Adorn in gay colors, ornare :exornare. || Extol, buccinatorem esse alicujus rei. prædicare. Vid. EXTOL, PRAISE.
EMBLAZONRY, insignia gentilicia.
EMBLEM, || Portion of inlaid work, emblema, neuter (Varro). || Symbol, symbolum (may perhaps be justified by Gellius, 4, 11, who has symbolice) :imago :signum.
EMBLEMATIC,
EMBLEMATICAL, symbolicus (may be justified by the adverb symbolice, Gellius, 4, 11).Or by circumlocution, quod similitudinis causa ex alia re transfertur (Cicero). [Vid. SYMBOLICAL.]To be emblematical of anything, * aliquid symbolice referre.
EMBLEMATICALLY, symbolice (Gellius) :operte atque symbolice.
EMBOSS, cælare (hammer figures in whole or half relief; argentum) :embossed work, opus cælatum. || Inclose in anything (especially armour), tegere :obtegere, protegere :contegere. || Hunt hard, vid. HUNT.
EMBOSSMENT, eminentia : prominentia. || Embossed work, opus cælatum.
EMBOTTLE, Vid. BOTTLE, v.
EMBOWEL, eviscerare (Quintilianus) :exenterare (e. g., a hare, leporem, Justinus).
EMBRACE, amplecti (as a sign of calm affection and protection, often with only one arm; hence, figuratively, to lay hold of something ; opposed to to slighting and disdaining) :complecti (to clasp in one’s arms, as a sign of passionate love ; figuratively, to take fully in one’s grasp ; opposed to half and superficial possession ; Döderlein) :amplexari (stronger than amplecti).To embrace anybody in a most friendly manner, aliquem amicissime amplecti or complecti; lovingly, aliquem caritate or amanter complecti.To embrace virtue, amplecti virtutem ; anybody’s knees, amplecti alicujus genua; an altar, aram amplecti or amplexari :to embrace each other, inter se complecti :we embraced each other, inter nos complexi sumus. || Encircle, complecti (e. g., spatium munitionibus) :amplecti (e. g., quantum munimento amplecteretur loci, Livy) :circumplecti. || Contain within itself, complecti, comprehendere (of local or mental comprehension) :pertinere per or ad aliquid (extend to) capere aliquid, capacem esse alicujus rei (to be able to contain in one’s mind) :to embrace in one’s mind, animo or mente complecti; in one’s memory, memoria comprehendere or complecti :all the countries which a kingdom embraces, omnes terræ, per quas regnum pertinet :to embrace the history of 700 years in a single volume, memoriam annorum septingentorum uno libro comprehendere. FIG., To embrace an opportunity, opportunitate or occasione uti :occasionem arripere; very eagerly, occasionem avidissime amplecti :to embrace every opportunity, arripere facultatem aliquid faciendi, quæcunque detur :not to embrace the opportunity, occasioni deesse ; occasionem amittere, prætermittere, dimittere. To embrace anybody’s party, ad alicujus partes transire, aliquem sequi :facere cum aliquo :accedere alicui (Tacitus; civitates, quæ Othoni accesserant).To embrace a resolution, consilium capere or inire (faciendi aliquid ; or with ut and infinitive, or de aliqua re).To embrace an opinion, sententiæ assentiri, sententiam accipere ; anybody’s opinion, alicujus sententiam assensione comprobare (to approve of it); alicujus sententiam sequi (to follow it); ad alicujus sententiam accedere. To induce, persuade, etc., a man to embrace an opinion, aliquem in opinionem or sententiam adducere ; aliquem ad sententiam perducere, traducere.To embrace the terms, accedere ad conditiones (Cicero) :to embrace means, viam or rationem inire, capere, or sequi.
EMBRACE, amplexus :complexus. SYN. in EMBRACE, v.
EMBRACEMENT, amplexus :complexus. [SYN. in EMBRACE, v.]|| Circuit (vid.), ambitus.
EMBRAVE, Vid. EMBELLISH.
EMBROCATE, fovere (general term, Celsus) :fomentare (Cœlius, Aurel.) :infricare (to rub in; fuliginem ulceri). (The words are found in this connection and order.) infricare atque oblinere (Columella) :fomenta adhibere, admovere.
EMBROCATION, || The act of fomenting, fotus (Pliny) :fomentatio (Ulpianus). || Liquor with which the part is rubbed, fomentum (Celsus) :warm embrocations, fomenta calida.To use embrocations in a disease, fomenta alicui morbo adhibere (Columella), admovere (Celsus).
EMBROIDER, pingere acu; also pingere only ; transitively and intransitively, (Vergilius, Æn., 9, 582; comp. Plinius, 8, 48, 74, § 195) :acu facere (general term for making with the needle) :to embroider with gold, auro aliquid distinguere :an embroidered garment, vestis picta :a garment embroidered with gold, vestis auro distincta or intexta :a costly embroidered coverlet, stragulum magnificis operibus pictum.
EMBROIDERER, artis acu pingendi perlta (or peritus)* mulier acu pingens :Amongst the Romans also plumarius (Vitruvius; imitating feathers) :
EMBROIDERY, || The art, ars acu pingendi : plumariorum textrina (Vitruvius, 6, 4, extr.).The Phrygians invented the art of embroidery, Phryges acu facere vestes invenerunt. || Embroidered work, opus acu pictum or factum (general terms) :opus Phrygionium (as invented by the Phrygians ; vid. Ruhnken Seneca, Benef., 1, 3, 7) :pictura acu facta (if a picture ; after Cicero, Verr., 4, 1, 1, pictura textilis).
EMBROIL, implicare or impedire (aliqua re) :illaqueare aliqua re (involve in anything) :conturbare :perturbare (throw into confusion) :quassare :conquassare (shake) :lacerare :dilacerare (tear to pieces).To embroil in a war, bello implicare ; in a lawsuit, lite implicare :to be embroiled in a war, bello implicitum or illigatum esse :to embroil a state, civitatem perturbare ; rempublicam labefactare, conturbare, quassare, dilacerare.Vid. PERPLEX, ENTANGLE.
EMBROILMENT, labefactio : perturbatio : turbæ (confusion) :implicatio (alicujus rei).
EMBRYO, * fetus immaturus : || IMPROPR., semen (seed) :igniculi (sparks).To crush anything in embryo, aliquid primo tempore
opprimere et exstinguere.
EMENDABLE, circumlocution by corrigi or emendari posse.
EMENDATION, correctio :emendatio. (The words are found in this connection and order.) correctio et emendatio. SYN. in To CORRECT.
EMERALD, smaragdus :of emerald, smaragdinus.
EMERGE, emergere se or emergi ; also emergere, intransitively, ; ex loco (emergere also of stars ; opposed to occidere) :to emerge from the water, e flumine (undis, etc.) emergi (flumine emersus, and ex flumine emersit, both Cicero; profunda, emersus palude, Livius). || IMPROPR., emergi or se emergere : exsistere (stand forth; especially of eminent men) :to emerge from darkness into light (come forth publicly), procedere in solem ex umbraculis :to emerge from misfortune, emergere se ex malis (Terentius, Nepos); from slavery, e servitutis fluctibus emergere (Cicero).
EMERGENCE, i. e., act of emerging, emersus, us (e. g., fluminis, Plinius ; caniculæ, Plinius).
EMERGENCY (case of sudden necessity, etc.), casus subitus :subita necessitas casus ultimus (case of extreme necessity).In a case of emergency, si opus or usus fuerit :si usus veniat :si quis usus venerit.To reserve anything for cases of emergency, ad ultimos casus aliquid servare ; ad subitos casus aliquid recondere.
EMERGENT, emergens. || Sudden, unexpected, improvisus :inopinatus :subitus : inceitus (all of an “untoward event,'” casus).
EMEROD, hæmorrhois (idis, Celsus).
EMERSION, emersus, us (of a star ; e. g., caniculæ, Plinius).
EMERY, * smyris (technical term) :* terra tripolitana (technical term).
EMETIC, vomitorium (Plinius) :medicamentum vomificum (Cœlius, Aurel.).OBS. emetica (ἐμετική) is a conjectural reading of Schutz’s in Cœlius, ap. Cicero, Ep., Fam. 8, 1, extr. emeticam facere for embeneticam facere ; but in his Lex. Cicero, he prefers empeneticam facere :it occurs of some mode of exciting hunger.To give anybody an emetic, aliquem vomere cogere.Tartar emetic, * tartarus emeticus.
Emetic powder, * pulvis emeticus.
EMIGRATE, migrare :domicilium (or, of many, domicilia) mutare.Cf., Not emigrare, demigrare without any addition of the place to or from which.
EMIGRATION, migratio :demigratio :domicilii mutatio (emigiatio very late).
EMINENCE, excelsitas :amplitudo :sublimitas (literally and figuratively) :clivus :collis :tumulus [SYN. in HILL]. || High rank, pre-eminence, præstantia :excellentia, etc. To attain to great eminence, summam gloriam consequi :.laudem sibi parere or colligere, etc. To have reached very great eminence, in summo esse fastigio (Nepos).|| By way of eminence (“par excellence”), per or propter excellentiam :præcipue (per eminentiam, in Ulpianus).
EMINENT, || High, altus :elatus :celsus :excelsus : sublimis :editus [SYN. in HIGH]. || Distinguished, insignis :præstans :clarus :nobilis :egregius : excellens :præcellens :eximius [SYN. in DISTINGUISHED]. A n eminent physician, medicus arte insignis :an eminent man, vir spectatissimus, amplissimus.Very eminent, illustri laude celebratus ; claritate præstans ; for learning, nobilis et clarus ex doctrina :to become eminent, nominis famam adipisci : gloriam consequi or assequi ; in claritudinem pervenire; for anything, illustrari aliqua re; clarum fieri re or ex re. More under CELEBRATED.
EMINENT, eminens :excellens :præclarus :præstans (involving a mere acknowledgement of superiority) :egregius (with an expression of enthusiasm) :eximius (with an expression of admiration).These adjectives, etc., relate altogether to good qualities, and can be connected with vices and faults only in irony : insignis :singularis :unicus (indifferent ; serving as well to heighten blame as praise).To be eminent, eminere : conspici : conspicuum esse ; in anything, aliqua re præstare (above anybody, aliquem or alicui) ; aliqua re excellere, præcellere (above anybody, alicui).To be eminent for anything, aliqua re excellere inter or super omnes ; aliqua re præstare omnibus :Vid. To EXCEL.
EMIR, phylarchus Arabum (Cicero, ad Fam., 1, 2).
EMISSARY, || Person sent on a mission, legatus : missus. || Spy, explorator :speculator : emissarius : excursor [SYN. in SPY]. (The words are found in this connection and order.) excursor et emissarius. An emissary of this man’s, istius excursoi et emissarius (Cicero).
EMISSION, emissio (Cicero).
EMIT, emittere (e. g., fulmina, tela).
EMMET, formica :Vid. ANT.
EMMEW, Vid. COOP UP.
EMMOVE, Vid. EXCITE.
EMOLLIENTS, malagmata (medical technical term).
EMOLUMENT, emolumentum :quæstus :lucrum : compendium : fructus [SYN. in ADVANTAGE]. (The words are found in this connection and order.) quæstus et lucrum ; quæstus et commodum ; lucrum et emolumentum; fructus et emolumentum; quæstus et compendium ; quæstus prædæque.To have an eye to his own emolument in anything, aliquid ad suum fructum referre.For the sake of emolument, lucri or quæstus causa (e. g., gerere rem) :with a view to his own emolument, sui quæstus et commodi causa.A trifling emolument, lucellum :to be a source of emolument to anybody, quæstui esse alicui. More under GAIN.
EMOTION, animi motus, commotio, permotio (any emotion of the mind; the last Cicero, Acad., 2, 44, 135) :animi concitatio, perturbatio (a vehement emotion) :animi ardor, impetus (excited vehemence; also in speaking) :vis : vis atque incitatio :impetus : cursus incitatior (opposed to moderata ingressio : expression of emotion in a speech) :Cf., (animi) affectus in the best prose is only “slate of mind ;” but in Quintilianus, = πάθος ; animi affectio = a (generally temporary) state of mind. For the purpose of exciting emotion, permotionis causa (Cicero) :to be carried away by a violent emotion, commoveri magna animi perturbatione :to kindle emotions, animi motus inflammare (opposed to exstinguere) :to restrain vehement emotions, animi motus turbatos cohibere :to be labouring under emotion, inflammari; incendi ; efferri; incitari ; effert me quidam animi motus :to excite emotion, incitare, incendere, inflammare.To speak with emotiont, * cum impetu or vehementius dicere ; oratio alicujus incitatius fertur :to speak without any emotion, summisse dicere. Without emotion, lente; placide; sedato animo.Full of emotion, animo commotus :incitatus :fervidus.To utter anything with great emotion and vehement action, pronunciare aliquid ardenti motu gestuque.
EMPALE, || Put to death by fixing on a stake, etc., adigere stipitem per medium aliquem or per medium hominem (Seneca, Ep., 14, 4). || Surround with pales, * sepire or circumsepire palis, or (if for the purpose of fortifying) * munire or firmare palis (vallis) :induere vallis. || Enclose, vid.
EMPALEMENT, circumlocution by verbs under EMPALE.
EMPANNEL, v., citare :To empannel a jury, ad aliquid sumere judices ex turba selectorum.
EMPANNEL, s., Vid. PANNEL.
EMPARLANCE, interlocutio (sentence partially deciding a cause while it is pending) :ampliatio (adjournment).
EMPASSION, v., (animum) incendere, inflammare, incitare, commovere .
Empassioned, incitatus :fervidus : (animo) commdtus.
EMPHASIS, pondus :significatio : vis in dicendo : emphasis (as technical term in Quintilianus).
EMPHATICAL, significans :gravis.
EMPHATICALLY, significanter :graviter :cum vi.
EMPHYTEUTIC, emphyteuticus (Code Justinian).
EMPIERCE, Vid. PIERCE.
EMPIRE, imperium :principatus. Cf., Imperium is also ” the realm subjected to an emperor’s command,’ and figuratively “supreme control,” as imperium judiciorum tenere (Cicero).To succeed to the empire, summa imperii alicui defertur ; aliquis ad principatum pervenit.
EMPIRIC,
EMPIRICAL, empiricus (Cicero; ἐμπειρικός ; obtaining his knowledge of medicine from practice and experiments) :qui se ἐμπειρικον ab experientia nominat (Celsus, præf.; but some of these were “nonmediocres viri”).To consider anything a merely empiric art, in usu tantum et experimentis aliquid ponere (Celsus) :to consider anything more than a merely empiric art, (nisi corporum rerumque ratione comperta) non satis potentem usum esse proponere (Celsus).An empiric, empiricus (sc. medicus) :pharmacopola circumforaneus (quack).
EMPIRICALLY, usu tantum et experimentis.
EMPIRICISM, empirice (Plinius, 39, 1, 4).
EMPLASTIC, Vid. GLUTINOUS. κυρικιμασαηικο EMPLEAD, Vid. INDICT.
EMPLOY, v., uti aliqua re : usurpare aliquid : adhibere aliquid [SYN. in USE.]To employ anything in any way, adhibere aliquid alicui rei or in re, or ad rem (to use it for any definite purpose) :collocare in re :impendere in or ad aliquid :conferre ad aliquid (of expending what belongs to us upon any object).To employ remedies, adhibere remedia morbis ; care, industry, etc., in any matter, diligentiam adhibere, industriam locare, studium collocare in re; much thought and labor upon anything, magnum studium et multam operam conferre ad aliquid; labor, etc., in vain, operam frustra consumere; operam perdere, profundere ac perdere. I have employed all my labor to no purpose, oleum et operam perdidi ( Prov.) :to employ one’s self in anything, se dare alicui rei (e. g., historiæ) :to employ one’s time in any pursuit, tempus conterere or consumere in re :to employ one’s time well, tempus bene locare or collocare ; unprofitably, tempus frustra conterere :to employ a physician, medico uti or medicum adhibere (sc. morbo) :to employ a word, verbo uti (Cf., not verbum usurpare or adhibere) :employ a word correctly, verbum opportune proprieque collocare :to employ a word in such a sense, subjicere sententiam
vocabulo; vocabulo aliquid significare, declarare ; in a rare sense, verbum doctiuscule ponere.Cicero employs the word in the opposite meaning, contra valet, quum Cicero dicit, etc. To employ one’s money, pecuniam occupare ; in any way, in aliqua re (e. g., in pecore ; but fenore without in).To employ anybody for any purpose, alicujus opera uti ad aliquid or in re; aliquo adjutore uti in re; uti in re :to employ laborers, homines in operas mittere :conducere operas (to hire them) :to employ ( = hire) anybody to do anything, conducere aliquem ad rem faciendam.To be employed about anything, in aliqua re versari (later writers circa aliquam rem versari); in re occupatum esse; intentum esse alicui rei aliquid mihi est in manibus.
EMPLOY,
EMPLOYMENT, || As thing, res : opus : negotium :occupatio : ministerium :studium. [SYN. in BUSINESS] :To receive an employment, muneri præponi or præfici :to have received an employment, muneri præpositum esse or præesse :to be out of employment, a nullo conductum esse (to have been hired by nobody). || Act of employing, usus (the circumstance of using) :usurpatio (act of using on a particular occasion). The frequent employment, frequens usus (alicujus rei).The employment of a word ; circumlocution by verbs under “EMPLOY (a word),” for positio dictionis is not Latin.
EMPLOYER, by circumlocution, qui utitur aliqua re ; qui usurpat, adhibet aliquid [SYN. in USE] : qui conducit operas, or homines in operas mittit (an employer of laborers).
EMPOISON, veneno imbuere (Sallustius) : ( = to kill by poison) veneno necare, tollere, interimere, intercipere. Vid. POISON.
EMPOISONER, Vid. POISONER.
EMPOISONMENT,Vid. POISONING.
EMPORETIC, emporeticus ( ἐμπορητικός ; e. g., emporetica charta, for packing).
EMPORIUM, emporium ( ἐμπόριον ; place for the sale of wholesale commodities brought by sea ; properly, only a part of the town ; apud emporium at que in macello, Plautus) :commercium (a town where there is a great deal of trade or commerce ; especially in the way of barter ; e. g., commercia peragrare) :oppidum (ubi est) forum rerum venalium (Sallustius) :forum, oppidum nundinarium (market-town) :a much frequented emporium, emporium frequens :urbs emporio florentissima :oppidum, in quo omnis negotiatio convenit :the most celebrated emporium of a kingdom, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum.
EMPOVERISH, alicujus facultates (or opes) exhaurire ;egestatem alicui afferre; ad inopiam aliquem redigere; ad mendicitatem aliquem detrudere. || FIG., To empoverish land, emaciare (e. g., agrum, vineam, Columella) :solum nimia ubertate defatigare (by letting it bear too much. Vid. “Empoverished’) :a country, (sumptibus) exhaurire : exinanire :expilare (to plunder it).A country empoverished by war, regio bello attrita (Tacitus).To empoverish a language, * ]inguam pauperem facere (after Quintilianus, non adeo pauperem natura eloquentiam fecit ; * linguam verborum inopem facere :to empoverish a vine by allowing too many shoots to grow, vitem pluribus flagellis emaciare (Columella). || Empoverished (of land), effetus :defatigatus et effetus; (of a country’s resources) enectus, exhaustus.
EMPOVERISHMENT, circumlocution by ad inopiam (paupertatem, egestatem) redigi. || FIG., extenuatio (the lessening in extent or intensity).Circumlocution by emaciare and the other verbs under EMPOVERISH.
EMPOWER, alicui copiam dare, or potestatem facere ; to do a thing, alicujus rei faciendæ or aliquid faciendi; alicui alicujus rei faciendæ licentiam dare or permittere :to empower anybody to act exactly according to his own judgement in any matter, liberum alicujus rei arbitrium alicui permittere (Livius 32, 37).To be empowered to do anything, potestatem alicujus rei, or aliquid faciendi habere ; * jus, potestatem aliquid faciendi habere (the latter, if the power is one of right).
EMPRESS, * imperatrix :* Augusta (reigning empress) :uxor imperatoria (as emperor’s wife, Tacitus).
EMPRISE, Vid. UNDERTAKING.
EMPTINESS, inane : vacuitas :vacuum [SYN. in EMPTY] : vanitas (improperly, the emptiness of a thing ; then, also, the superficial, empty character of a person’s mind) :inanitas (empty space, Cicero; then, also, what is useless, etc.; e. g., inanitatem omnem et errorem circumcidere, Cicero).
EMPTION, emptio :Vid. PURCHASE.
EMPTY, v., exinanire (to empty anything, so thai nothing remains in it ; as Justinus, lupa, amissis catulis, distenta ubera exinanire cupiens, 43, 2, 5; then like “clear out” = plunder, domos, Cicero ; reges atque omnes gentes, Cicero) :nudum atque inanem reddere (clear out, plunder; domum ejus exornatam atque instructam reddiderat nudam atque inanem, Cicero) :vacuare :evacuare :vacuum facere (to empty, especially with a view to fill it again ; e. g., a cask; the two last also of removing from or clearing out a dwelling, that a new occupant may come in) :exonerare (to empty of a load; e. g., a ship, the bowels) :exhaurire (to drain; e. g., poculum ; then, also, to plunder, e. g., the treasury) :exsiccare (to drain dry ; e. g., lagenas) :everrere et extergere (to sweep clean; i. e., rob of all it contained; fanum, etc.) :expilare (plunder, e. g., the treasury) :inanem relinquere (to leave it empty, so that nothing can come into or on it) :vacuum relinquere (to leave it empty, so that something can take the vacant place; e. g., tabellam, so that something more may be written on it) :deplere (to empty, to draw off; e. g. oleum bis in die depleto, Cato). || To empty itself, se effundere; effundi :to empty itself into the sea, in mare effundi or se effundere; in mare fluere, influere (Cicero), decurrere (Livius); deferri (Plinius), evadere (Curtius) :evolvor (if it rolls a large body of water ; e. g., Danubius vastis sex fluminibus, Plinius).
EMPTY, inanis (empty; opposed to plenus et instructus ; cither indifferently or with blame) :vacuus (unoccupied; hence free, etc., mostly with praise; but also euphemistically, for being deprived of some advantage before possessed by the thing in question, or which one should have expected to find it in possession of; opposed to occupatus, obsessus.Döderlein says inanis = what ought to be already full; vacuus = what may still be filled).(The words are found in this connection and order.) nudus atque inanis :vacuus atque nudus : purus (left in its natural state without ornament, etc.; also without cultivation, etc., Varro).
Empty of anything, nudus aliqua re and ab aliqua re.An empty house, domus inanis (in which there is nothing); domus vacua (unoccupied).An empty (sheet of) paper, tabella (or charta) inanis (on which nothing is written) ; tabella (or charta) vacua (on which nothing, indeed, is written at present, but which still is to be or may be filled).An empty space, spot, etc., locus inanis or inanis atque nudus (general term) ; locus vacuus (either with praise, as free, not blocked up; or with blame, euphemistically, as having lost what it before had; e. g., vacuus arboribus); locus purus (Varro, not cultivated).An empty seat (on a bench), locus vacuus subsellii :an empty place or corner in a store-room, locus vacuus cellæ (from which what before stood there has been removed).An empty nest, nidus inanis (in which there is nothing) ; nidus vacuus (from which the eggs or young birds have been taken : thus the mother-bird, whose nest has been robbed in her absence, finds it vacuus).An empty street, via occursu hominum vacua. To come with empty hands, sine munere venire (i. e., without a present) :to come back empty, inanem redire, revertere. To be or stand empty, inanem esse; vacuum esse; vacare (e. g., tota domus superior vacat) ; of anything, vacare, vacuum esse (ab) aliqua re :to leave empty, vacuum relinquere. || To make empty, [vid. To EMPTY]. || IMPROPR., inanis (empty, unsubstantial, of things) :vanus (unsubstantial, without solid grounds, of things ; also of men, empty, superficial ; e. g., vana ingenia, Sallustius).
Empty words, verba inania :voces inanes :sermo vanus : inanis verborum sonitus.An empty name, nomen inane. Without truth, friendship is but an empty name, sine veritate nomen amicitiæ valere non potest.
Empty compliments, verba inania or mera :these are empty compliments, verba istæc sunt.
Empty show, pompa, from context (Cicero, De Or., 2, 72, 294; Seneca, De Ben., 2, 13, 2).|| Empty-handed, inanis (bringing nothing; cum tui ad me inanes veniant, ad te cum epistolis revertantur, Cicero) :immunis (without a present, Horatius, Ep., 1, 14, 33).
EMPURPLE, purpuram tingere (to dye purple) :purpureum efficere colorem :purpurare (Fur. ap. Gellius, 18, 11, extr. undas, to make of a dark purple color).
Empurpled, purpuratus, or adjective, purpureus.
EMPYREAL, igneus (fiery) :ætherius or æthereus (ethereal).
EMPYREAN, cœlum (general term for heaven) :* cœlum stelliferum, ardens :ignifer æther (Lucretius) :igneæ arces (Horatius) :ætherea domus (Horatius) :* cœlum altissimum æthereumque (after Cicero, De Nat., D., 2, 24).
EMULATE, æmulari (aliquem, in a good sense; alicui, in a bad sense, Spalding, Reisig.). Vid. RIVAL.
EMULATION, æmulatio :The stimulus of emulation, æmulationis stimuli (Plinius, Ep., 3, 9, 20).Compare ENVY, RIVALRY.
EMULATIVE, æmulus (with dative, and, as substantive, with genitive).
EMULATOR, æmulator :æmulus (alicui, or, as substantive, alicujus).
EMULATRESS, æmula (alicui, or, as substantive, alicujus) :æmulatrix (late; Cassiod.) :
EMULOUS, Vid. EMULATIVE.
EMULOUSLY, certatim : æmulanter(tate; Tertullianus).
EMULOUSNESS, Vid. EMULATION.
EMULSION,
puls olearis(Cœlius, Aúr.) :* potio olearis :potio refrigeratrix (any cooling drink, after Plinius, 19, 8, 38).Almond emulsion, * lac amygdallnum :* emulsum (as technical term, Kraus.).
ENABLE, alicui facultatem dare aliquid faciendi : alicui copiam dare, or potestatem facere aliquid faciendi (to empower).
ENACT, sancire (absolutely, or with ut, ne, quominus ; Solon de eo nihil sanxit, quod antea commissum non erat, Cicero) :legem ferre; about anything, legem ferre, or ferre only, de re : sancire or sciscere legem (of the Roman people accepting and passing a law) :legem condere, scribere, conscribere (to draw up a law) :to enact a law about anything, legem jubere or sciscere de re (of the Roman people) ; legem or lege sancire de re (of the Senate and people).To enact (a law) that, etc., ferre legem, ut (or ne) ; sciscere or jubere, ut (or ne, of the people) ; legem alicui constituere, ut or ne (if enacted for another nation).The law is enacted, lex valet : perfertur (is carried through).To enact laws for a nation, leges dare, constituere civitati (dare, especially of a sovereign ; but legem dare, constituere, facere, absolutely, in the sense of giving or drawing up a law, is not Latin) :leges alicui (populo, civitati) imponere (to impose them tyrannically).|| Act a play, agere :to enact the part of anybody, aliquem or partes (alicujus) agere ; personam alicujus tueri. ENACTMENT, sanctio (enacting; enacting clause of a law : legum sanctionem pœnamque recitare) :lex (law).
ENACTOR, qui sancit aliquid; of a law, legis lator, auctor, inventor, conditor, scriptor. SYN. in LAWGIVER.
ENALLAGE, enallage (Grammaticus).
ENAMEL, * vitrum metallicum ; (as work) opus vitri metallici.
Enamel of the teeth, * crusta dentium.
ENAMEL, v., * vitrum metallicum inducere alicui rei, or inductorium facere (general term for ” overlaying,” Plinius, Valer., 1).
ENAMELLER, by circumlocution, * qui vitrum metallicum rebus inducit.A dial-plate enameller,* qui orbes numeris circumscriptos facit, etc., or * orbium numeris circumscriptorum artifex.
ENAMOURED, TO BE, amore captum esse ; of anybody, alicujus amore captum esse; aliquem amare; aliquem amore complecti; amorem erga aliquem habere; aliquem in amore habere :of one’s self, se amare.
ENAMOURED, amore captus or incensus.Desperately enamored, perdite amans.
ENCAGE, in caveam includere.Vid. CAGE, v.
ENCAMP, considere (to halt on one’s march) :castra ponere, locare, collocare, constituere.To encamp in the immediate neighborhood of the enemy, castra sua pæne hostium castris jungere ; castra castris hostium conferre :to encamp in a favorable situation, castra loco idoneo facere.
ENCAMPMENT, castra (camp) :locus castrorum (place for a camp).To choose a place for an encampment, locum castris idoneum deligere ; locum castris capere.
ENCAUSTIC, encausticus :encaustus (Plinius).To paint an encaustic painting, or to practice encaustic painting, encausto pingere; ceris pingere ac picturam inurere (both Plinius : this was done with the cestrum in wax and on ivory) :resolutis igni ceris penicillo uti (a mode first applied to ships, but afterwards extended to other things.) Vid. Dict. of Antiqq., p.704.
ENCAVE, abdere, condere, etc. To encave one’s self, abdere se (in locum). Vid. HIDE.
ENCEINTE, Vid. PREGNANT.
ENCHAFE, Vid. CHAFE.
ENCHAIN, Vid. CHAIN, v.
ENCHANT, fascinare :effascinare : incantare (late; Appuleius) [SYN. in BEWITCH] || IMPROPR., capere : rapere :delenire :permulcere :mira or incredibili voluptate perfundere alicujus animum. Vid. BEWITCH.
ENCHANTED, incantatus (Horatius); præcantatus (Petronius).|| Delighted ; vid. in To DELIGHT, trans.
ENCHANTER, Vid. CHARMER.
ENCHANTING, venustus; forma or specie venusta; gratus : amœnus (the proper word of beautiful country, houses, etc.) :lepidus ; suavissimus.
ENCHANTINGLY, pulchre :venuste :belle : eleganter : suaviter :egregie :præclare.
ENCHANTMENT, carmen : canticum (the prescribed form) :cantio (the uttered form, or utterance of the form) :fascinatio :effascinatio (both of fascinating by the look and by words) :venenum (prepared drugs).To repeat a formula of enchantment, incantare carmen.
Enchantments, veneficia et cantiones.To bring it about as by enchantment, that, etc., quodam quasi veneno perficere, ut etc. || Irresistible attractions, lenocinia (plural) :delenimenta (plural, omnibus delenimentis animum alicujus avertere atque alienare, Livius, 30, 13).
ENCHANTRESS, maga :venefica :saga [SYN. in WITCH] IMPROPR., puella, cujus forma rapit (after Propert., 2, 26, 44) :pulchritudine, forma, venustate insignis.
ENCHASE, aliquid circumdare (Cicero), circumcludere (Cæsar), or includere (Lucretius); aliqua re ; in gold, aliquid includere auro (Lucretius) ; in silver, aliquid circumcludere argento (Cæsar) ; gold in silver, aurum argento circumdare (Cicero) ; a stone (in a ring), lapidem funda claudere (Plinius); the edges with gold, margines amplecti auro (Plinius).
ENCIRCLE, Vid. SURROUND.
ENCLOSE, claudere (shut up) :concludere (to shut quite up by surrounding with anything; in anything, in re) :includere (in anything, in re; seldom in the sense of ” surrounding with’) :cingere (surround with) :circumdare (throw round, surround; aliquid alicui and aliquid aliqua re; e. g., mœnia urbi, or urbem mœnibus).To enclose with a hedge, sepe cingere :sepire ; with a wall, muro (muris) sepire ; mœnibus cingere ; with works, operibus complecti (e. g., a hill, collem) ; with a rampart and ditch, circumdare or sepire vallo et fossa :the enemy, hostem circumvenire :the soul is enclosed in the body, animus in corpore conclusus est; animus in corporis compagibus inclusus est :to enclose a letter, epistolam alteri jungere or adjungere, or cum altera conjungere ; epistolam in eundem fasciculum addere (to enclose it in the same packet : Cf., not includere epistolam).Have the goodness to forward the enclosed, epistolam cum hac conjunctam perferendam curabis :to be enclosed by very high mountains, altissimis montibus contineri :to enclose (a passage) in brackets, * uncis (Cf., not uncinis) includere :to be enclosed by armies, exercitibus circumcludi (Cicero); claudi (Nepos).[Vid. SHUT UP, SURROUND.] To enclose a town, urbem obsidione claudere, in obsidione tenere (Nepos); corona circumdare ; obsidere (Livius) Vid. BLOCKADE.
ENCLOSURE, septum ; conseptum :locus septus : cohors or cors ; in MSS. also chors (hurdles for cattle, and a place fenced round with hurdles, etc., whether moveable or not). || Act of enclosing, inclusio (act of shutting up; e. g., hominis) :conclusio (blockade). || What is enclosed in a letter or parcel, quod epistolæ suæ junxerat, or adjunxerat aliquis ; quod in eundem fasciculum additum est (vid. Traj., ap. Plinius, Ep. 10, 93, in ; Cicero, Att., 12, 53, extr.); epistola cum altera conjuncta, or alteri juncta (letter enclosed in another) :epistola in eundem fasciculum addita.I shall never write home without sending an enclosure for you, neque domum unquam ad meos literas mittam, quin adjungam eas, quas tibi reddi velim.
ENCOMIAST, laudator : præco (Antoninus uses encomiographus, of one who pronounces a written eulogium).
ENCOMIASTIC, laudativus (“est – unum genus [causarum], in quo laus ac vituperatio continetur, sed est appellatum a parte meliori laudativum. Idem alii demonstrativum vocant. Utrumque nomen ex Græco creditur fluxisse : nam ἐγκωμιαστικὸν aut ἐπιδεικτικὸν dicunt,” Quintilianus, 3, 4, 19 : Cf., laudatorius very late, Fulg. Myth., 1, p. 19), or circumlocution with prædicare; prædicatione ornare ; laudibus efferre, etc.
ENCOMIUM, laudatio :præconium :laudes.
ENCOMPASS, Vid. ENCLOSE, SURROUND.
ENCORE a person. revocare aliquem (to demand the repetition of a beautiful passage).
ENCOUNTER, s.Vid. CONTEST, BATTLE, etc.
ENCOUNTER, v., obviam ire (to go to meet, in a hostile sense, or from courtesy) :occurrere, occursare (to hasten to meet, whether in a friendly or hostile manner = ἀπαντᾶν ) :resistere, obsistere (withstand a person or thing).To encounter the enemy, hostibus resistere ; hosti se opponere.To encounter a danger, periculo obviam ire, se offerre, se opponere, se committere :to encounter death, morti se offerre, or se objicere :to encounter death undismayed, acriter se morti offerre; promte necem subire (a violent death, Tacitus, Ann., 16,10,1); with the utmost fortitude, irrevocabili constantia ad mortem decurrere (Plinius, Ep., 3, 7, in.) :to encounter certain death, haud dubiam in mortem vadere (Vergilius); se in medios hostes ad perspicuam mortem injicere iby the particular way of flinging one’s self into the midst of the enemy) ; ad non dubiam mortem concurrere (of whole armies, Cicero) ; in eum locum proficisci, unde redituros (etc.) se non arbitrantur (Cicero ; of a hopeless attack). || Meet by accident, se obviam ferre or offerre (of the person whom we meet) :offendere aliquem or aliquid ; incurrere in aliquem or aliquid ; occurrere alicui :incidere in aliquem.
ENCOURAGE, hortari :adhortari :cohortari (to exhort; to do or not to do anything, adhortari or cohortari, ut or ne, with subjunctive, or ad aliquid faciendum ; to anything, adhortari ad aliquid ; later [Tacitus], in aliquid : hortari ut, ne, or infinitive, or ad aliquid faciendum ; ad aliquid or [Livius] in aliquid; de aliqua re facienda; also with supine [vos ultum injuriam honor, Sallustius] ; with accusative only [hortari pacem], and with subjunctive governed by ut omitted) :confirmare (to strengthen a man’s mind or resolution) :excitare
:incitare (excite, animate him) :impellere (urge him on) :stimulare aliquem :stimulos admovere alicui (spur him on) :relevare :recreare (to encourage by consolation).To encourage one another, cohortari inter se; also mutua cohortatione firmare :to encourage anybody to learn, ad cupiditatem discendi excire aliquem ; to read and write, ad legendi et scribendi studium excitare aliquem :to encourage anybody in anything, aliquem , or alicujus animum, ad aliquid incitare, excitare, concitare, inflammare, incendere, accendere, stimulare, exstimulare, instigare.
ENCOURAGEMENT, hortatio :adhortatio :cohortatio (exhortation) :impulsus :stimulatio (incitement, instigation) :hortamen :hortamentum :incitamentum : stimulus (the means by which a person is exhorted or incited respectively) :confirmatio animi (strengthening and inspiriting).To need no encouragement, non egere hortatione or stimulis :to do anything without any encouragement, aliquid facere sine ullis stimulis (†) :by your encouragement, te hortatore, adhortatore, impulsore.
ENCOURAGER, hortator :adhortator :impulsor : stimulator.
ENCROACH, || To intrude on the rights or possessions of another, minuere, imminuere aliquid :deminuere partem alicujus rei, or aliquid de aliqua re :detrahere de aliqua re (carry off a portion of anything) :fraudare aliquem parte alicujus rei (defraud anybody of a portion).To encroach upon anybody’s rights, inierpellare aliquem in jure ipsius (interrupt him in their exercise) :deminuere partem juris, or aliquid de jure alicujus; detrahere de jure (to take away a portion of what belongs of right to another); also migrare jura (to overleap, i. e., disregard them).I consider you to be encroaching upon my rights, injuriam mini fieri puto :to encroach upon anybody’s indulgence, patience, etc., cs indulgentia, patientia, etc., immodice, or intemperanter, or insolenter, or insolenter et immodice abuti :the sea, etc., encroaches on the land, terræ aliquid alluvionibus mersum est (cf. Appuleius, de mundo, p. 67, 41) :the land encroaches on the sea, (* terra, etc.) fluminum alluvie et inundationibus concrescit (Columella) ; aliquid per alluvionem terræ adjicitur (cf. Gaius, Dig., 41, 1, 7); aliquid alluvione accrescit (Ulpianus, Dig., 19, 1, 13).To have encroached upon anybody’s property, * alieni agri partem aliquam possidere, paullatim proferendo fines (after Livius, 41, 1).Sometimes sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arrogare, tribuere (claim unjustly) may help. || To creep on unperceived [e. g., ” an increasing and encroaching evil,” Hooker], subrepere :alicui obrepere :se insinuare (e. g., vitia nobis obrepunt, Seneca ; vitium subrepit ; malum se insinuat).
ENCROACHER, qui alterum interpellat in jure ipsius ; qui migrat jura, etc. : qui juris fines transcendit (Lucretius) : qui fines paullatim proferendo alieni agri partem possidet (after Livius).
ENCROACHMENT, imminutio (upon anything, alicujus rei) :deminutio (alicujus rei ; e. g., provinciæ, libertatis).Sometimes vis, violatio, injuria illata.An encroachment on anybody’s rights, jus alicujus violatum.An encroachment on a waste, etc., proædificatum ( = quod ex privato loco excessit in publicum solum, Festi).Sometimes, if the encroachment consists in claiming more of an open field than one has a right to, termini (boundaries) may help, or by circumlocution with (paullatim) proferre fines; thus a contentio de terminis may be a “question of encroachments.” It was well known that individuals had, by gradual encroachments, taken possession of an immense extent of the public lands, agri publici ingentem modum possidere privatos, paullatim proferendo fines, constabat (Livius 41, 1).
ENCRUST, operire (to cover quite over; e. g., a table with gold) :inducere (to put a coating over, both aliqua re) :incrustare (aliqua re, or absolutely, cover with a rind or coat. ollam sapa, sincerum vas incrustare absolutely, Horatius).To encrust the walls with marble, inducere parietes marmore.
ENCUMBER, onerare : gravare aliquem aliqua re (Tacitus) :alicui onus imponere (Cicero), injungere (Livius) :impedire (to hinder his free action).
Encumbered with debt, ære alieno obrutus, oppressus :obæratus.An encumbered (estate, etc.), oneratus (Instit. Just., 2, 22, 1) : or cujus pars aliqua præ ære obligata est pignoris nomine (after Cicero, Att., 6, 1, 23).
ENCUMBRANCE, onus : sarcina (burden) :molestia (trouble) :impedimentum (hindrance).To be an encumbrance to anybody, alicui oneri esse, gravem or molestum esse :to get rid of an encumbrance, onus deponere :onus a se removere (†); molestiam deponere (figuratively).
Encumbrances (=debt), æs alienum.
ENCYCLICAL LETTERS, literæ circum aliquos dimissæ, or literæ only, from context.He sent an encyclical letter to the municipal towns, literas circum municipia dimisit.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA, encyclios disciplina (Vitruvius) :encyclios doctrinarum omnium disciplina (Vitruvius) :orbis ille doctrinæ, quam Græci ἔγκυκλον (so Zumpτ ; Spalding and Gesn., ἐγκύκλον) παιδείαν vocant (Quintilianus).Dietrich recommends * brevis quædam omnium artium ac disciplinarum descriptio, quæ (vulgo) encyclopædia vocatur.
ENCYCLOPEDICAL, encyclios : * encyclopædicus.
END, s. finis (boundary as a mathematical line; also “end” proposed to be reached) :extremum (the last portion ; both of both lime and space) :terminus (properly the stone set up to mark a boundary; hence boundary, of space only) :exitus (issue of an action or affair ; also end of a word, vocis, verbi) :modus (the limit beyond which an action is not to be carried on; e. g., nullus modus cædibus fuit) :clausula (conclusion of a sentence, of a letter, etc.) :caput (anything resembling a head ; e. g., of a rope, funis).The end of life, vitæ exitus : vitæ finis (but finis alone is unclassical, Ruhnken, Vell., 2, 123, 3). Cf., “End” is often to be translated by extremus :at the end of his speech, in extrema oratione :at the end of the book, in extremo libro (Cf., not in calce libri, which has no ancient authority) :at the end of the year, extremo anno, extremo anni, or anno exeunte :at the end of January, extremo mense Januario.I do not know what the end is to be, vereor, quorsum id casurum sit; timeo, quorsum hoc evadat.I cannot foresee what the end of it all will be, alicujus rei exitum evolvere non possum :there is not an end of it yet, res nondum finem invenit.I see there will be no end of this, unless I put a stop to it myself, video non futurum finem in ista materia ullum, nisi quem mihi fecero.To BRING TO AN END, To MAKE AN END OF ANYTHING, finem alicui rei afferre: aliquid ad finem adducere or perducere :aliquid absolvere : aliquid transigere (e. g., a business) :aliquid profligare (to strike it off, as it were, at a heat) :aliquid conficere, perficere, consummare (the last, Livius) :aliquid exsequi, peragere : aliquid expedire (of a complicated business) :aliquid componere (by reconciliation ; e. g., a strife or dispute) :To PUT AN END TO, finire aliquid :alicujus rei, or (less frequently) alicui rei finem facere :alicui rei modum facere :alicui rei finem or modum imponere :alicui rei finem constituere :aliquid dirimere (to put a sudden stop to an action or state by its intervention ; e. g., nox prœlium diremit).Death puts an end to everything, omnia morte delentur.The Romans sometimes expressed the notion of “putting an end to anything” by compounds with de ; to put an end to the war, debellare, decertare.To COME TO AN END, ad finem or ad exitum venire ; ad exitum adduci ; exire (expire ; e. g., indutiarum dies exierat, Livius) :finem habere or capere : desinere (to cease) :exstingui (to be extinguished) :interire :occidere (die) :to come to a remarkable end, notabili exitu concludi :to come to a tragical end, tristes habere exttus :to an ignoble end, fœde finire.Hastening to an end, præceps.To HASTEN TO AN END, festino aliqua re defungi ; ad finem propero.To BE PUT AN END TO, terminari (in space) :finem or exitum habere (especially in time).The battle was put an end to, finis certaminis fait, postquam etc. :the war was put an end to, debellatum est ; almost put an end to, bellum profligatum ac pæne sublatum est.There is no end of his industry in anything, non habere finem diligentiæ in aliqua re. || Purpose, propositum :consilium : animus : mens ; is, qui mihi est or fuit propositus exitus (Cf., not scopus in this meaning : Cicero, uses σκοπός in his letters) :finis (the highest point, whether reached or aimed at; e. g., domus finis est usus, Cicero, Off., 1, 39, 138, not = purpose).A good end, bonum consilium (Cf., not bonus finis) :to this end, hoc consilio or hac mente :to attain one’s end, propositum consequi; eo, quo volo, pervenio; quæ volumus, perficere :to this end, ad eam rem (Cicero) : id spectans (Cicero, Cf., not ad eam finem) :to what end ? ad quam rem? quid spectans? (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 14, 31) :to what end is this? quorsum hoc spectat ? to propose to one’s self a great end, magna spectare :not to attain one’s end, a proposito aberrare ; propositum non consequi.
END, v., TRANS.,concludere :finire :finem facere alicujus rei or (less commonly) alicui rei :finem or modum alicui rei imponere : finem statuere or constituere alicui rei [SYN. in CONCLUDE.] To be ended, exigi, præterire, etc. (of time; prope jam exacta sestas erat).To end a speech, finem tacere orationis or dicendi :to end a letter, epistolam concludere :to end one’s life, vitam finire :vitam deponere :mortem sibi consciscere (voluntarily to take away one’s life) :interire :e vita discedere :ex vita excedere :mori (to die) :to end a controversy, controversiam dirimere (by one’s interposition) ; controversiam componere (by amicable arrangement).To end the war ; [vid. WAR] ; vid. “put an end to.” END,
INTRANS.,finire :terminari (to have an end) :finem habere or capere (to receive an end) :desinere (to cease) :cadere or excidere in etc. (to terminate in a syllable, etc.; of words, etc.) :exitum habere, evenire (to have a result).To end in a point, mucrone deficere ; in angulos exire (of leaves, Plinius) :to end in a long syllable, longa syllaba terminari ; cadere or excidere in longam syllabam :to end in an a or an e, exitum habere in a aut in e :to end in o and n, o et n literis finiri :to end in the same letters, in easdem literas exire :the genitive of Mæcenas ends in tis, nomen Mæcenas genitivo casu tis syllaba terminatur.Many persons believed that the end of the world was come, multi asternam illam et novissimam noctem interpretabantur :to behold the end of the world, or of all things, rerum humanarum teiminos videre.I had my fears how it would all end, verebar, quorsum evaderet (Tr.) or quorsum id casurum esset (Cicero) :not to know how anything will end, nescire, quorsum evadat (Nepos) :to end well, belle cadere; fauste, feliciter, prospere evenire; bene atque feliciter evenire; prospere succedere, procedere (Cicero); prospere cedere (Np); bene cadere (Terentianus) :to end ill, secus cadere, evadere, accidere; secus cedere, procedere (Sallustius); male cadere, haud bene evenire, haud quaquam prospere procedere (Livius); minus prospere procedere (Nepos); minus prospere evenire (Livius).All’s well that ends well, exitus acta probat.
ENDAMAGE, Vid. DAMAGE.
ENDANGER, aliquem in periculum, or in discrimen, adducere, deducere, vocare :periculum alicui creare, conflare, injicere, intendere, facessere (Cicero) :multum periculi alicui inferre :aliquid in periculum adducere :aliquem or aliqua in præceps dare (to bring into extreme danger) .To be endangered, in periculo, or in discrimine esse, or versari [vid. “To be in DANGER”] : in discrimen adduci (of things).His safety is endangered, salus ejus infestior est (Cicero, Plane., 1, 1).Vid. also, RISK, v.
ENDEAR anybody to anybody, aliquem in gratia ponere apud aliquem :favorem alicui conciliare ad (apud) aliquem :anything endears anybody much, aliquid alicui multas bonas gratias affert.To endear one’s self by anything, gratiam colligere ex re (of winning favor by anything) ; commendari re (be recommended by it).To endear one’s self to anybody, alicujus favorem, benevolentiam sibi conciliare or colligere; in alicujus animum influere (Cicero); gratiam inire ab aliquo, or apud aliquem ; to anybody by anything, adjungere sibi benevolentiam alicujus aliqua re :to wish to endear one’s self to anybody, alicui jucundum esse velle (in a single instance, by humoring him, etc.) :alicujus benevolentiam captare (to strive to obtain his good-will) :alicujus gratiam aucupari :alicujus favorem quærere (to strive to obtain his favor) :to endear one’s self to the people, multitudinis animos ad benevolentiam allicere; auram popularem captare; ventum popularem quærere.The art of endearing one’s self to people, artificium benevolentiæ colligendæ.κυρικιμασαηικο ENDEARMENT, blanditiæ :blandimenta :amor blandus.To lavish endearments upon anybody, multa blandimenta alicui dare. || State of being dear, caritas, but mostly by circumlocution with magni facere or æstimare ; or by verbs under ENDEAR. || Attractions, vid.
ENDEAVOR, s., nisus :contentio (the exercise of force) :opera (labor, exertion) :conatus (energetic endeavor, with reference to the real or supposed importance of the object) :studium (zealous pursuit of anything). (The words are found in this connection and order.) conatus studiumque : affectatio (the aspiring to anything, mostly implying that it is in vain).The object of my endeavor is, etc., id ago, hoc specto, ut, etc. :the sole object of all his endeavors is, etc., id unum agit, ut etc.
ENDEAVOR, v., audere :conari :moliri (audere denotes an attempt with reference to its danger, and the courage of him who undertakes it : conari with reference to the importance of the enterprise, and the energy of him who undertakes it : moliri with reference to the difficulty of the enterprise, and the exertion required of him who undertakes it) :niti :eniti :contendere (all with reference to the exertion made). (The words are found in this connection and order.) eniti et contendere, ut, etc. :operam dare, ut, etc. ; studere (with reference to the zeal of the person who undertakes it) :Cf., studere and conari mostly with infinitive ; seldom with ut. Vid. TRY.
ENDING, [vid. END, s.], finis (end) :terminatio :exitus (ending of a word; exitus, also, ” issue of an affair”) :to have the same or similar endings, similes casus habere in exitu ; similiter cadere.
ENDITE, Vid. INDITE.
ENDIVE, intubus :intubum ; * cichorium endivia (Linnæus).Of endive, intubaceus.
ENDLESS, infinitus :nullis finibus circumscriptus :sempiternus (of perpetual duration).An endless war, bellum æternum (Cicero) ; inexplicabile (Tacitus) :to be harassed by endless wars, sempiternis armis urgeri.It would be endless, infinitum est, etc.
ENDLESSLY, sine fine (Horatius) :
ENDLESSNESS, infinitas (unlimited extension).
ENDORSE a bill, * chirographum or syngrapham inscribere; or literally, in tergo (syngraphæ, chirographi, etc.) scribere (after scriptus et in tergo, Juvenalis) or * suo quoque chirographo cavere de re (i. e., by my note of hand, in addition to the other person’s : chirographo cavere de re, Suetonius,Cal., 12) ; or * suo quoque chirographo obligare se ad præstandum (after Dig., chirographo obligare se ad præstandum).[On difference between syngrapha and chirographum, vid. “Note of HAND.”] ENDORSEMENT, by circumlocution, Vid. ENDORSE.
ENDORSER, by circumlocution, Vid. ENDORSE.
ENDOW, filiæ dotem dare : filiam dotare :filiam instruere (the latter with ornaments, furniture, etc.; hence (The words are found in this connection and order.) dotare et instruere).Since he could not endow his daughter himself, quum filiæ (nubili) dotem conficere non posset. || IMPROPR., aliqua re instruere (furnish with what is necessary); ornare, exornare, adornare; dote alicujus rei (e. g., verborum, Cicero) locupletare et ornare (Cicero).|| ENDOWED with anything, instructus, ornatus, præditus :endowed with great natural talents, præclaris animi dotibus præditus ; richly endowed both by nature and by fortune, instructus naturæ fortunæque omnibus bonis. Richly endowed, abunde auctus ornatusque aliqua re. || To settle property upon etc., proprietatem agri, etc. :dono dare ( Ulpianus, leg. Cinc., p. 290).To endow alms-houses, * ptochotrophium condere, et inire rationem, quemadmodum [in omni mutatione dominorum] illud quasi consecratum remanere possit (after Cicero ; about the monument to his daughter’s memory).To endow a church, relinquere aliquid ecclesiæ (by will ; vid. Just. Instit., lib. 3, 28, 7).
ENDOWMENT, donatio (general term of the Roman law for any gift of property) :possessiones donatæ (Nov. Theod., 2; Tit., 5, 3).To draw up, recall, etc., an act of endowment, donationem conficere, revocare.The endowment will not hold good, donatio nullam habet firmitatem, or irrita est (both Ulpianus, ad leg. Cinc.).The endowment of a church, etc., pecunia ecclesiæ donata or relicta.
Endowments, possessiones donatæ.
ENDUE, Vid. ENDOW, IMPROPR.
ENDURANCE, || Duration, stabilitas :perennitas : diuturnitas :perpetuitas :tenor : tempus :spatium [SYN. in DURATION]. || Patience, toleratio (act of enduring) :tolerantia (power of enduring, Cicero, Paradox., 4, 1, 27) :perpessio (act of suffering steadily). (The words are found in this connection and order.) perpessio et tolerantia :patientia (capacity of bearing ; both absolutely, and alicujus rei; e. g., frigoris, famis). || Power of holding out, perseverantia.
ENDURE, TRANS., ferre (represents to bear, with reference to the burden borne, altogether objectively; φέρειν ) :tolerare, perferre, pati, perpeti (with subjective reference to the state of mind of the person bearing; the tolerans and perferens bear their burden without sinking under it, with strength and self-control, synonymously with sustinens, sustaining, like τολμῶν ; the patiens and perpetiens, without striving to get rid of it, with willingness or resignation enduring it, synonymously with sinens. Ferre and tolerare have only a noun for their object, but pati also an infinitive. Sustineo may also be followed by infinitive or accusative with infinitive, but mostly in a negativesentence, non sustineo, etc. Perferre is of higher import than tolerare, as perpeti is of higher import than pati, to endure heroically and patiently, Döderlein). (The words are found in this connection and order.) ferre et perpeti; pati ac ferre; pati et perferre; perpeti ac perferre. To endure with fortitude, fortiter ferre ; with resignation, with fortitude, toleranter pati or ferre ; animo æquo or moderato ferre ; moderate, sapienter ferre ; also patienter et fortiter ferre.To be able to endure hunger and cold, inediæ et algoris patientem esse :to be unable to endure anything, impatientem esse alicujus rei :to endure evils, malis sufficere. || INTRANS., Vid. To LAST.
ENDURE, INTRANS., durare :perdurare :obdurare : permanere :sustentare (to hold out, especially in war ; with accusative, se, aciem, etc., or absolutely ; e. g., sustentavit aliquamdiu, Suetonius).
ENEMY, hostis (the enemy in the field, and war, opposed to to pacatus ; πολέμιος) :inimicus (an enemy in heart, opposed toto amicus; ἐχθρός ). (The words are found in this connection and order.) inimicus atque hostis :hostis atque inimicus.Anybody’s enemy, inimicus alicui or alicujus.A dangerous enemy, inimicus infestus :a bitter enemy, hostis (inimicus) infensus :a deadly enemy,
hostis (inimicus, adversarius) capitalis :to behave as an enemy, hostiliter facere :to make anybody an enemy, aliquem hostem, or inimicum reddere, or facere; inimicitias alicujus suscipere :to engage with the enemy, cum hoste confligere (Cicero).To be one’s own enemy, sibi esse inimicum atque hostem (to hate one’s self; Cicero, Fin., 5, 10, 29); suis rationibus esse inimicum (to act against one’s own interests).A man is his own greatest enemy, nihil inimicius homini, quam sibi ipse.To be anybody’s enemy ; vid. ” to be at ENMITY” with anybody.An enemy’s country, hostium terra : hostilis terra or regio (whose conduct or sentiments are hostile).
ENERGETIC, acer :vehemens :alacer (at a particular time) :gravis : gravitatis plenus (full of power in thoughts and expressions, of a speech) :fortis :audax (these two of both persons and things).To adopt energetic measures, fortioribus remediis agere (of remedial measures) :strenue aliquid administrare (Cicero) :an energetic speech, oratio gravitatis plena, or acris, or vehemens :energetic in action, in rebus gerendis acer, vehemens; or acer et industrius (Cicero) :very energetic measures or counsels, consilia acerrima (opposed to consilia inertissima).
ENERGETICALLY, fortiter :audacter :(The words are found in this connection and order.) fortiter et audacter (e. g., sententiam dicere) :nervose :cum vi : strenue : graviter :impigre.To act energetically, strenue or impigre agere. ENERGY, vis (force, emphasis) :virtus : vigor (life and spirit, both of animate and inanimate things) :gravitas (weight, energy of words, etc., verborum, sententiarum) :fervor (heat) :acrimonia (pungent or stinging energy, rare) :impetus (energy attack in a speech, aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest, Cicero) :robur :nervi (strength of mind, energy of character).Anything requires all your energy of character, aliquid tuorum est nervorum (Cicero).The energy of a speaker, virtus oratoris :vis oratoris, dicentis :virtus oratoria :with something of energy, cum quadam virtute.What energy there is in that book! quantum in illo libro vigoris est! (Seneca) A man of energy, vir fortis, acer.
ENERVATE, enervare (Livius) :debilitare (weaken) :emollire (make soft and effeminate) :nervos exsecare, elidere(Cicero) :deliciis frangere aliquem :nervos omnes mentis ac corporis frangere (Quintilianus).Vid. ENFEEBLE.
ENERVATED, enervatus :Post-classical, enervis.
ENERVATION, debilitatio (act of weakening) :languor effeminatus (as state).
ENFEEBLE, infirmare (general term for weakening) :enervare (take out the sinews ; also improperly, enervare animos, etc. Livy uses a velut ; velut enervata civitas) :debilitare (weaken) :attenuare :minuere :comminuere : imminuere (improperly, to weaken, to lessen) :frangere (to break anything down, take away all its strength and spirit, improperly) :labefactare (to lessen the authority of anything ; e. g., legem) :diluere (to take away the strength of a proof or charge; e. g., confirmationem adversarii) :atterere (properly, to rub off; to weaken an enemy’s forces, resources, etc.).To enfeeble the mind, animum debilitare, comminuere. || ENFEEBLED, by the participle of the verbs given above; also effetus (by over-bearing ; then, also, generally : e. g., corpus) :enectus (by hunger, suffering of body, etc.) :exhaustus (enfeeble in its resources ; of a state) :attritus (by loss of men, money, etc.; of a state) :Vid. WEAKEN.
ENFEEBLEMENT, infirmatio :debilitatio (as action) :infirmitas :debilitas (as state).The enfeeblement of the body, vires corporis affectæ ; of a state, opes civitatis attritæ or comminutæ.
ENFEOFF, To enfoeff anybody, prædium velut fiduciarium alicui dare (cf. Livius, 32, 28, init.); * prædium beneficiarium in aliquem conferre (Nolt.).
ENFEOFFMENT, * ritus inaugurations feudalis (Nolt.); with anything, inaugurate beneficiaria.
ENFORCE, || Give force to, (α) a law, etc., legem exercere; efficere, ut lex valeat (Nepos) : to be enforced, valere (to be in force) ; ratum esse (to be rendered valid by full sanction, etc.) ; exerceri (to be acted upon, Livius, 4, 51).The law is immediately enforced, lex confestim exercetur (Livius 4, 51).He not only caused the law to be passed, but also enforced the observance of it, hanc legem uon tantum ferendam curavit, sed etiam, ut valeret, effecit (Nepos, Thras., 3, 3).Not to be enforced, jacere (opposed to exerceri, Livius, 4, 51) ; evanescere (to pass into desuetude, opposed to valere) : (β) a petition, an argument, etc., premere (e. g., argurnentum, urge it, drive it home; verbum, dwell on it with emphasis) :firmare :affirmare :confirmare (strengthen an assertion by proof, etc.) :fidem alicui rei addere (make it more credible).To enforce anything by testimony, teslimonio confirmare. || Gain by force, exprimere :extorquere : expugnare : vi auferre (carry off by force) :vi cogere (compel by force).To enforce his return, vi cogere ut repeat :to enforce his way through the pass, vim facere per angustias. || Compel, force, vid. || Press with a charge, urgere (with accusative of person, or absolutely; the charge in accusative of neuter pronoun, or accusative with infinitive ; also with ablative of thing).
ENFORCER, qui legem exercet ; qui, ut valeat lex, efficit.
ENFORCEMENT, by circumlocution with legem exercere.They complain of the immediate enforcement of this law, queruntur, legem confestim exerceri.
ENFRANCHISE, libertatem alicui dare, largiri, concedere : aliquem in libertatem vocare, vindicare (general terms vid. FREE) :aliquem manu mittere :aliquem manu asserere in libeitatem (to emancipate a slave ; the last of the public emancipation, before the prætor, of one who had before been a free man) :alicui civitatem dare, impertiri, tribuere; civitate aliquem donare ; diploma civitatis alicui offerre (Suetonius); aliquem in civitatem ac- or re-cipere ; aliquem ascribere civitati, or in civitatem; aliquem in civitatem, or in numerum civium asciscere; civem aliquem facere. If to ” enfranchise” = ” to give the right of voting,” suffragium alicui impertiri or dare (both Livius).OBS., the jus civitatis included the jus privatum (e. g., jus connubii and jus commercii) and the jus publicum (e. g., jus suffragiorum and jus honorum).Those who had the privatum jus were cives, but not optimo jure cives ; vid. Dict. of Antiqq., p. 261. To be enfranchised ( = admitted into citizenship), consequi civitatem : recipi in civitatem; civitate donari ; civitati alicui ascribi; in civitatem pervenire . (of the present state), civem esse; in civitatem (in civitate or civitati) ascriptum esse.
ENFRANCHISEMENT, liberatio (act of being set free) :manumissio (emancipation of a slave) :vindicta (the rod or staff, also called festuca, which the prætor laid on a slave’s head ; hence, emancipation) :civitas or jus civitatis (right of a citizen) :assertio (Quintilianus and Traj. in Pliny, the formal assertion that such a person is a slave or a free man).To obtain enfranchisement from anybody, civitatem impetrare a aliquo.
ENGAGE, TRANS., obligare :obstringere aliquem (general terms for binding by an engagement) :invitare or vocare aliquem (to invite to a party) :invitare or excitare aliquem (to engage or challenge to anything ; e. g., ad saltandum) :implicare, impedire (involve in anything, properly, and figuratively) aliqua re : illaqueare aliqua re (entangle, figuratively) :admiscere aliquem (to mix him up in it) :mercede conducere (to hire) :impellere (impel him, urge him).To engage anybody in a war, aliquem bello implicare.To be engaged in anything, alicui rei affinem esse (e. g., crimini); participem esse alicujus rei (to be a partner in it; e. g., conjurationis) :admisceri ad aliquid (to be mixed up in it; e. g., ad id consilium, Cicero) :to be engaged in a business, in negotio versari ; negotio implicatum esse :to be very much engaged, occupatissimum esse, multis negotiis (occupationibus) implicitum esse ; also valde negotiosum esse :to be so much engaged as not to know what to do, multis occupationibus distineri :to be engaged (to be married) [vid. BETROTH] :not to be engaged, vacare :vacuum esse : otiosum esse :to be engaged in a lawsuit, lite implicari. To ENGAGE ONE’S SELF, fidem alicui dare (pledge one’s word) :obligare se ad præstandum (make one’s self liable for a debt, Jurisconsults). || Bind myself by an engagement to a party, condicere ad cœnam (to engage myself to dine, etc. :with anybody by my own self-invitation) :* promittere se venturum (to say one will come ; i. e., to engage one’s self by accepting an invitation) :promittere ad cœnam, or promittere ad aliquem (to engage myself to anybody). || To engage a person’s attention, convertere aliquem , or alicujus animum, in or ad se (to draw his attention) :occupare cs cogitationes (occupy his thoughts).To engage attention, conspici, conspicuum esse ; by anything, aliqua re :to engage anybody in a conversation about anything, sermonem cum aliquo (de aliqua re) instituere ; dare se in sermonem alicujus ; ordiri or conferre cum aliquo sermonem ; venire in colloquium cum aliquo ; colloquium cum aliquo facere or serere ; sermocinari or colloqui cum aliquo ; colloquium comparare cum aliquo (Titin. ap. Non.) :to engage a person in secret conversations or conferences, secreta colloquia cum aliquo serere (Livius). || INTRANS., recipere, or ad, or in se recipere (undertake) :promittere, polliceri (promise) (The words are found in this connection and order.) promittere inque se recipere (Ulpianus, Dig., all with accusative and infinitive) :confirmare (to give a solemn assurance, e. g., sese illis regna conciliaturum, confirmat, Cæsar). Cf., Recipere should have dative of person to whom one binds one’s self; e. g., recipio
vobis me, etc. :the infinitive is usually the future [vid. under To PROMISE] : se immiscere alicui rei, admisceri ad aliquid (e. g., ad id concilium, Cicero) :descendere ad or in aliquid (e. g., ad certamen, in causam) :se demittere in aliquid (e. g., in causam) :ingredi aliquid or in aliquid :aggredi aliquid or ad aliquid.If he once engages in the affair, si semel in causam descenderit (Livius).To engage in a conversation, dare se in sermonem; in sermonem ingredi :to engage in the conversation (which others are carrying on), se sermoni intermiscere.|| Fight, congredi or concurrere cum aliquo (general terms) : signa conferre cum aliquo (of hostile armies) :confligere :prœlium committere (begin the battle).
ENGAGEMENT, || Combat, pugna :prœlium :acies [SYN. in BATTLE] : certamen :prœlii concursus ; or concursus, congressus only ; prœlii dimicatio, or dimicatio only; also in plural, dimicationes, “engagements.”A naval engagement, prœlium navale, pugna navalis; dimicatio navalis (Hirtius, B. Alex., 25) :a sharp engagement, prœlium acre :to renew the engagement, in pugnam redire (to return to it) ; pugnam repetere (after an interruption) ; pugnam novam integrare :prœlium redintegrare or renovare (to begin, as it were, again; nearly always of fresh troops) ; pugnam iterare (to fight a second battle ; e. g., postero die, Livius) :to continue or carry on the engagement, pugnam excipere (of fresh troops, coming up to take the place of others who are wearied, Livius, 38, 22, in.) :to be conquerors in an engagement, prœlio or pugna superiores discedere ; victores prœlio excedere :to be defeated in an engagement, prœlio or pugna inferiorem discedere; prœlio vinci or superari :to give a signal for the engagement to begin, prœlium committere (also of the soldiers or army beginning the engagement) :a short engagement takes place, fit or agitur leve prœlium :to be wearied by the length of the engagement, diuturnitate pugnæ defessum esse. || Agreement, conventus :conventum : constitutum :sponsio :pactum, pactio [SYN. in AGREEMENT] ; fides, qua me obstrinxi.To form an engagement with anybody, pacisci, depacisci cum aliquo; pactionem cum aliquo facere or conficere ; about anything, de aliqua re pacisci :to keep an engagement, pactum præstare; in pacto permanere ; pactis or conventis stare :according to the terms of our engagement, ex pacto, ex conventu (Auct . ad Herenn.) , ex convento (Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order.) ex pacto et convento :to volunteer an engagement to dine with anybody, condicere alicui ad cœnam.
ENGAGING, suavis :jucundus :blandus :suavitate refertus ; quod nos capit, delectat, or delectatione allicit.
Engaging manners, mores suaves :morum suavitas :an engaging character, ingenium mite et amœnum (Tacitus, Ann., 2, 64, 3).An engaging style, speciosum dicendi genus :an engaging writer, scriptor lectorem tenens :an engaging person, homo blandus ; * cui magna ad se illiciendi et attrahendi vis inest :engaging conversation, sermo festivus, venustus et urbanus.
ENGAGINGLY, suaviter :amœne :amœniter (Cicero) :jucunde.
ENGENDER :Vid. BEGET (both PROPR. and FIG.).
ENGINE, machina (also figuratively) : machinatio (also figuratively) :machinamentum (piece of machinery).Anything is meant to be an engine, to effect any purpose, aliquid ad rem faciendam tamquam machina comparatur (Cicero).Military engines, machinæ (of which the particular kinds are vineæ, turres, etc.).
ENGINEER, || Military engineer, •architectus militaris :* artis muniendi magister.The engineers, architecti militares. || Civil engineer, * scientiæ machinalis peritus ( scientiæ machinalis, Plinius) :* qui machinas fabricatur (maker of machines) ; * qui vias ferro or ferreis orbitis sternit (maker of rail-roads).
ENGINEERING, scientia machinalis (knowledge of machines) :* architectura militaris or castrensis (military engineering).
ENGIRD,Vid. SURROUND.
ENGLISH, Britannicus :An English garden, * hortus Britannorum more ædificatus.Whether he meant in plain English that you would have much money, etc., id utrum Britannico more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an . . . (postea videro : after Cicero, Romano more).
ENGORGE, vorare :devorare : haurire :absorbere. Vid. DEVOUR.
ENGRAFT, Vid. GRAFT.
ENGRAVE, scalpere :sculpere (according to some, scalpere, with its compounds, is applied to coarse and rude ; sculpere, with its compounds, to finished work :others think that scalpere is to cut into the material, as in intaglios; sculpere to produce raised figures, as in cameos; vid. Dict. Antiqq., p. 860. Cf. CARVE) :incidere :insculpere (with the graving tool ; hence, also figuratively, to “engrave” on the mind) :scribere :inscribere (to engrave words; an inscription).To engrave anything on brass, on a pillar, incidere aliquid in æs [or in ære, Cicero, Verr., 2, 4, 65], in columna. (The words are found in this connection and order.) incidere et perscribere; incidere ac notare (Cicero ; of what is to serve as a record, etc.); on a tomb, incidere aliquid in sepulcro (Cicero), sepulcro (Horatius); on a tree, inscribere aliquid arbori ; describere aliquid in cortice ( Vergilius) :to engrave gems, gemmas scalpere (Plinius); a seal, sigillum scalpere (Plinius) ; a ring, on the stone of which an anchor was engraved, annulus, in cujus gemma anchora sculpta est.Alexander would not allow his likeness to be engraved on gems by anybody but Pyrgoteles, Alexander edicto vetuit, in gemma se ab alio scalpi quam a Pyrgotele.It is engraven, as it were, on the minds of all men, that, etc., omnibus quasi insculptum est, etc. (accusative and infinitive.) || In the modern sense of engraving prints, in æs incidere; simulacrum alicujus rei in æs incidere.
ENGRAVER, scalptor :sculptor.An engraver on marble, scalptor marmorum ; of rings, sculptor gemmarum.
ENGRAVING, scalptura :sculptura (both, also, “an engraving”) :* simulacrum in æs incisum (on copper) :• pictura in æs incisa.A ring, with an engraving of the rape of Proserpine, annulus, cujus gemmæ sculptura (al. scalptura) erat Proserpinæ raptus.
ENGROSS, || Thicken, vid. || To take possession of the whole, rem totam adse trahere or attrahere, in se trahere, ad se transferre, sibi, or ad se vindicare : in alicujus rei societatem assumere neminem.He engrosses the eyes of all present, illum unum omnes intuentur.To engross the conversation, * sine ulla intermissione loqui :the pursuit of pleasure engrosses anybody, aliquis se totum tradidit voluptatibus :this object engrosses me, id unum ago (ut, etc.); omne studium confero ad aliquid ; omni cura et cogitatione incumbo in aliquid. || To write in thick characters, aliquid nitida manu scribere (to write in a fair hand) :* aliquid forensi manu scribere (in the hand in which legal papers are written) :* aliquid grandibus literis scribere (in large letters). || Forestall, coemere (to buy up) :præmercari (before others can purchase any) :comprimere (frumentum, for the purpose of raising the price). vid. ENHANCE.
ENGROSSER, by circumlocution with verbs under ENGROSS. || Forestaller, coemptor :propola ; of corn, manceps annonæ :dardanarius (Ulpianus, Dig., 47, 11, 6; Paullus, Dig., 48, 19, 37).Vid. FORESTALLER.
ENGULF, vorare (swallow up ; naves, Vergilius).
ENHANCE, augere :majus reddere :exaggerare (aliquid verbis. rem familiarem).To enhance the price, pretium alicujus rei efferre (raise it) ; the price of corn, annonam flagellare (by not bringing it into market) :annonam accenriere or incendere.Their fragility enhances their price, fragilitas accendit pretium alicujus rei (Seneca) :this, too, enhances his glory, id quoque ad gloriam ejus accedit :to enhance anybody’s glory, amplificare (by words).
ENHANCEMENT, amplificatio (e. g., gloriæ rei familiaris) :accessio (addition made ; e. g., dignitatis) :auctus : incrementum.By circumlocution with verbs under ENHANCE.
ENIGMA, ænigma :gripbus :ambages [SYN. in RIDDLE].To solve an enigma, ænigma solvere; * griphum dissolvere :to propose an enigma to anybody, * aliquem ænigma solvere jubere :not to be able to solve an enigma, ænigma non intelligere :you talk in enigmas, ambages narras :that is an enigma to me, hæc non intelligo.
ENIGMATICAL, obscurus :perplexus :ambiguus. arcanus.
Enigmatical words, ambages :eigmatical speeches, sermones perplexi :an eigmatical character, homo ingenii multiplicis et tortuosi.
ENIGMATICALLY, perplexe (e. g., loqui) :ambigue (e. g., respondere, Aurel. Vict.).
ENJOIN, præcipere alicui aliquid or with ut : præscribere alicui aliquid or with ut : jubere (with infinitive active, if the person enjoined is named ; infinitive passive, if the injunction is indefinitely stated; seldom with ut) :imperare alicui aliquid or ut; mandare alicui aliquid or ut :pronunciare [SYN. in COMMAND] : prædicere ( προειπεῖν ; enjoin beforehand ; not to, etc., ut ne, Nepos, Them., 7, 3) :inculcare alicui (ut etc. ; to impress it upon his mind).
ENJOY, frui, perfrui (aliqua re ; the latter implying a continued enjoyment) :voluptatem capere or percipere ex aliqua re (receive pleasure from; percipere with the same implied notion as perfrui) :oblectari aliqua re :oblectari et duci aliqua re (am amused with, fond of, etc.) :delectari aliqua re :delectatione alicujus rei duci :duci et delectari aliqua re (delectari of positive delight ; oblectari rather of amusement and comparative satisfaction, that makes time pass pleasantly) :gaudere aliqua re :lætari aliqua re. gaudium or lætitiam capere ex re (rejoice at anything). Cf., Frui, etc., must not be used except where there is a felt sense of pleasure; hence, to enjoy good health,
prospera valetudine uti (not frui) ; valetudinis prosperitate uti ; integra esse valetudine :to enjoy prosperity, success, felicitate uti (e. g., perpetua quadam felicitate usus est, Cicero).To enjoy a long peace, diutina pace frui (Nepos) ; pleasure, voluptate frui : percipere voluptatem ; lætitia perfrui (Cicero) ; gaudio frui (Terentianus) ; gaudium haurire (Livius) :leisure, tranquillity, glory, otio, tranquillitate, gloria perfrui :to enjoy consideration and the glory of his past services, perfrui auctoritate rerumque gestarum gloria (Cicero); advantages, commodis frui ; the pleasures of life, vitæ jucunditatibus (voluptatibus) frui, perfrui :to enjoy these delights, his gaudiis perfrui :to enjoy a person, or a person’s company, aliquo or alicujus consuetudine frui. || To ENJOY ONE’S SELF (absolutely), se oblectare.I enjoyed myself tolerably well in my Cuman villa, ego in Cumano . . . satis commode me oblectabam (Cicero).
ENJOYMENT, delectatio :oblectatio (delight) :voluptas (pleasure; opposed to dolor; denotes a higher degree of positive pleasure than delectatio) :suavitas (the sweetness that makes anything a source of enjoyment to us) :fructus (the profit; and then the consequent pleasure) :delectamentum : oblectamentum (a thing or occupation that delights us; e. g., puerorum delectamenta or oblectamenta).Sensual enjoyment, voluptas corporis :mental enjoyment, voluptas animi :the enjoyments of life, vitæ jucunditates :to derive enjoyment from anything, voluptatem capere or percipere ex re (not derivare; vid. ENJOY).I have no enjoyment in this, hoc nihil ad me pertinet (does not affect me) ; hoc me non delectat.I derived great enjoyment from your letter, me literæ tuæ admodum delectaverunt (Cicero).To be in the enjoyment of anything, habere aliquid ; uti aliqua re :he is in the enjoyment of good health, prospera valetudine or prosperitate valetudinis utitur :he is in the enjoyment of a sufficient or tolerable fortune, * habet, unde commode vivat ; or simply rem habere (Cicero).κυρικιμασαηικο
ENKINDLE,Vid. KINDLE.
ENLARGE, amplificare (to make wider, of greater compass; e. g., urbem ; rem familiarem; then figuratively = to make more important in fact, or to represent as more important in words ; opposed to minuere, infirmare ; e. g., a man’s authority, alicujus gratiam dignitatemque ; a man’s glory, alicujus gloriam) :dilatare (to enlarge the superficial extent : castra, alicujus impenum ; then, also, figuratively e. g., gloriam) :propagare, or proferre aliquid, or fines alicujus rei (to extend the boundaries, and so enlarge ; properly and figuratively : e. g., imperium, fines imperii ; fines officiorum) :augere (increase, by an addition; e. g., numerum prætorum; also to enlarge by rhetorical amplification. In this sense, (The words are found in this connection and order.) amplificare et augere) :multiplicare (to increase the number several times over; e. g., usuras). || Set free, aliquem e custodia emittere. || INTRANS.
Enlarge (upon a topic), latius, uberius dicere, disputare ; pluribus dicere ; multa verba facere de re :to enlarge at great length, late se fundere :at too great length, effusius dicere ; longum esse.
ENLARGEMENT, amplificatio :auctus :incrementum : accessio.The enlargement of an empire, propagatio or prolatio finium.Also, by circumlocution with verbs under ENLARGE. || Release from confinement, missio (Cicero).
ENLIGHTEN, collustrare (to impart some of one’s own light to anything ; only properly) :illustrare (to place in light ; properly, and figuratively) :illuminare (to give light to anything; especially figuratively, to cover with luminous points. None of these words were used of enlightening the mind).The sun enlightens the whole world, sol omnia luce sua illustrat (al. better collustrat) :to be enlightened by the sun, sole illustrem esse.To enlighten the mind, ab animo, tamquam ab oculis, caliginem dispellere :to enlighten the understanding, mentem fingere :an enlightened man, * homo meliore rerum cognitione imbutus :an enlightened understanding, ingenium subactum (but only in Cicero, De Or., 2, 30, 131, where the mind is compared to a well-tilled field); ingenii acumen or acies :enlightened days, culta ætas ; tempora erudita (Cicero, De Rep., 2, 10); cultiora tempora et ingeuia :an enlightened nation, gens humana atque docta (Cicero) :to enlighten the world, * ignorantiæ tenebras discutere.
ENLIGHTENMENT (of mind), mens exculta :politior humanitas :for the enlightenment of the human mind, ad collustrandas mentes (Ruhnken) :an age of great enlightenment, ætas exculta ; tempora erudita ; sæculum eruditum (all, Cicero, Rep., 2, 10).
ENLIST, TRANS., To enlist soldiers, mercede conducere milites; milites conquirere, or conquirere et comparare; militum conquisitionem habere; troops, copias mercede conducere ; copias colligere, conficere, comparare. || To draw over to one’s side, aliquem in suas partes trahere. || INTRANS., nomen dare militiæ ; or nomen dare only : militiam capessere : voluntariam extra ordinem pronteri militiam ; voluntariam mercede sequi militiam (to enlist as a volunteer ; the latter for pay).Newly enlisted legions, legiones novæ.
ENLISTING, militum conquisitio (as act) ; inquisitio novorum militum (Curtius) :delectus (levy), or by circumlocution.
ENLIVEN, animare (give life to; properly and figuratively) :excitare :incitare (render animated) :alacritatem alicui afferre (Cicero) :reficere :recreare (refresh).
ENMITY, inimicitiæ : simultas :odium [SYN. in HATRED].To be at enmity with anybody, inimicitias (simultates) cum aliquo habere, gerere, exercere :intercedunt mihi inimicitiæ cum aliquo :esse in simultate cum aliquo :to lay aside one’s enmity, inimicitias ponere (deponere).
ENNOBLE, * dare alicui nobilitatem :* recipere aliquem in nobilium numerum :* nobilium ordini ascribere aliquem.To be ennobled, * nobilitatis gradum consequi ; (in the Roman sense) fit transitio a plebe ad patricios (after Cicero, Brut., 16, 62). || IMPROPR.,nobilitare :illustrare :ornare. It is virtue that ennobles a man, ex virtute fit nobilitas (cf. Livius 1, 34).
ENNUI, temporis molestia (general term, Ovidius, Met., 8, 652) :otii molestia (from want of employment ; after the same passage) ; also, molestia only, with genitive (e. g., molestia paucorum dierum).Also, tædium with genitive of what causes the ennui, or molestia, quam (or tædium, quod) aliquid mihi affert.To suffer ennui, * tempus tarde labens moleste ferre; otio languescere :to suffer ennui from anything, tædium cepi alicujus rei; aliquid tædium mihi affert :to complain of ennui, queror nihil me habere, quod agam :to be dying of ennui, otio tabescere :to banish ennui by anything, horas, or tempus, or tempora tarde labentia fallere aliqua re (e. g., sermonibus, narrando, cf. Ovidius, Met., 8, 652 ; Trist., 3, 2, 12 : Cf., otium fallere would be quite wrong, otium meaning only the being without employment) :to cause ennui to anybody, molestiam alicui afferre or exhibere.
ENORMITY, insolentia (unusualness) :novitas (newness) :fœditas (foulness) :immanitas (the astonishing magnitude ; in a bad sense) :enormitas (irregularity ; saxorum, Quintilianus, 9, 4, 27 ; = immense size [enormitas pedum]; Seneca, Const ., Sapient., 8).
Enormities, nefaria, plural, An enormity, facinus nefarium ; scelus nefarium ; scelestum ac nefarium facinus ; monstrum ac prodigium : impietas (violating the reverence due to the gods, parents, princes, one’s country, etc.).
ENORMOUS, || Irregular, enormis (e. g., vicus, Tacitus, post-Augustan) :inusitatus (unusual). || Irregularly large, immodestus (kept within no due bounds; e. g., largitio) :immoderatus (immoderate; e. g., luxuria) :effusus (lavishly poured out ; e. g., expense, sumptus) :nimius (too great; all these = excessive, immoderate ; opposed to moderatus, modestus) :insanus (senseless; e. g., cupiditas; pile, moles) :impotens (unable to restrain itself; cupiditas; crudelitas) :novus :inauditus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) novus et inauditus (unheard of before) :singularis (unparalleled in its kind) :mirus :mirificus (wonderful) :incredibilis (incredible) :immanis :vastus (huge, unwieldy, of size ; immanis also of prodigious turpitude, facinus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vastus et immanis : immensus (immense ; e. g., pecunia) :ingens (huge).Of enormous depth, immensa or infinita altitudine.To go to enormous expense, extra modum sumptu et magnificentia prodire :to build anything at an enormous expense, profuse aliquid exstruere.An enormous duty, portorium pergrande, grave, iniquum, etc. (Cf., not enorme).
ENORMOUSLY, immoderate (e. g., liceri) :immodeste (e. g., to love one’s self, praise anybody, etc.) :effuse (e. g., donare, exsultare) :profuse (e. g., sumptui deditum esse ; also= “at an enormous outlay”) :nimis (too much; e. g., laudare aliquem) :valde :admodum :perquam (very) :mire : mirifice (wonderfully) :incredibiliter (incredibly) :incredibile quantum (Justinus, 8, 2, 5, Benecke ; Fior., 4, 2, 74, Duker) :summe (in the highest degree) :extra or præter modum (beyond the due or usual bounds).
Enormously high, in immanem altitudinem editus :enormously deep, immensa or infinita altitudine.An enormously high mountain, mons in immensum editus.
ENOUGH, satis (a sufficient measure, without any accessory reference) :affatim ; abunde (with the accessory notion of rather too much than too little; abunde, like ἄλες , with an objective and absolute reference whereas affatim, like ἀφθόνως , in a subjective and relative sense) :Abundantly enough, or enough and more than enough, affatim satis ; satis et affatim prorsus.More than enough, abunde : satis
superque.To be enough, satis esse, sufficere [SYN. in SUFFICE].This is enough for me, aliquid satis habeo :sufficit mihi aliquid :this will be evidence enough, hoc satis testimonium erit.To have enough, satis habere ; satiatum esse (to be satiated).He has enough for his whole life, in totam vitam ei satis est.But enough of this, sed satis de hoc ; sed satis jam verborum est ; sed hæc hactenus ; sed finis sit ; nolo plura dicere.But enough of this, and perhaps too much, sed hæc satis multa, vel plura potius quam necesse fuit :enough! enough! heus tu manum de tabula! ( = stop, do ! Cicero).
EN PASSANT, quasi præteriens (Cicero) :præteriens : in transitu : transiens (these three post-Augustan, in this sense) :strictim (in a light, superficial way; in Seneca’s time also obiter).To touch anything en passant, in transitu or leviter aliquid attingere :to mention en passant, mentionem alicujus rei inchoare (* Livius, 29, 23).
ENQUIRE, || A sk, interrogare, rogare aliquem or (less frequently) de aliquo : anybody about anything, aliquem aliquid (or less commonly de re) :sciscitari ex aliquo : quærere, exquirere, requirere ex or ab aliquo : percunctari de or ex aliquo ; whether, utrum; if or whether anything, ecquid or quid (not si quid).[SYN. in ASK.] To enquire in a captious manner, captiose interrogare ; to enquire one’s way, rogare viam (†); exquirere iter. || To enquire into a subject, quærere aliquid or de re ; inquirere in aliquid :exquirere aliquid. Vid. EXAMINE, INVESTIGATE. || To enquire judicially, quærere (e. g., de morte alicujus; de tanta re; also, de servo in dominum, by torture) :inquirere (e. g., in competitores, Cicero) :cognoscere (absolutely and de re; for which Dig. has super aliqua re).
ENQUIRY, interrogatio (a question put for the purpose of obtaining an answer; of learning anybody’s opinion, etc.) :quæstio (implies rather a sustained and accurate enquiry, especially of a scientific or judicial enquiry ; also = a subject of enquiry, perdifficilis et perobscura quæstio) :percunctatio (for the purpose of making one’s self acquainted with the particulars of an event, etc., in detail) :disceptatio (a learned discussion, or debate) :cogaitio (enquiry for the purpose of obtaining accurate knowledge ; e. g., into the nature of things, rerum ; especially the proper word of a judicial enquiry with reference to him who presides at it ; and of an enquiry intrusted to a commission) :inquisitio (the searching into a subject which we wish to discover; e. g., veri ; but in a judicial sense, it is never the trial itself, but = the preparatory enquiries into a person’s character, manner of life, etc., upon which the enquirer means to found his accusation).To institute an enquiry, quæstionem habere or instituere ; cognitionem instituere ; about anything, quærere aliquid or de aliqua re ; quæstionem de aliqua re habere, adhibere, instituere, or constituere; causam cognoscere :to make or institute enquiries about anybody, inquirere in aliquem (with the view of founding an accusation upon them) :to institute an enquiry about anybody, quæstionem habere de aliquo or in aliquem ; quæstionem ferre in aliquem : quæstionem ponere in aliquem (the last, Livius, 42, 22) :an enquiry was resolved upon, quæstiones decretæ sunt :without enquiry (e. g., to condemn anybody), causa incognita :after diligent or careful enquiry, * re diligenter cognita.
ENRAGE, irritare : aliquem or alicujus animum exasperare : aliquem incendere :alicui furorem objicere.To be enraged, irritari :ira incendi ; furore incendi or inflammari ; excandescere; ira exardescere.To be terribly enraged, furenter irasci.
ENRAPTURE,
ENRAVISH, capere :voluptate perfundere : suavissime afficere.Homer enraptures me when he sings of Hector, Hectorem canens Homerus me totum ad se convertit et rapit :to be enraptured, maxima lætitia perfusum esse; lætitia exsultare; immortaliter gaudeo (e. g., quod scribis te . . . diligi, Cicero).
ENRAPTURED, incredibili gaudio elatus (Cicero) :quasi quodam gaudio elatus. || In a divine ecstasy, divino spiritu inflatus or tactus :mente incitatus.
ENRAVISHMENT, Vid. RAPTURE.
ENRICH, locupletare :ditare (properly and improperly ; ditare, in prose first in Livius) :locupletem facere :fortunis locupletare :divitiis ornare (properly).To enrich him to the full extent of his wishes, divitiis explere.To enrich one’s self, se collocupletare (Terent., Heaut., 3, 3, 17) ; rem suam or rem familiarem or facultates suas augere :to enrich one’s self by honorable means, bonis et honestis rationibus rem suam augere (opposed to inhoneste parare divitias) :to take every means of enriching himself, rem familiarem omni ratione exaggerare; by usury, fenore pecunias auctitare (Tacitus); by robbing others, aliorum spoliis suas facultates augere :to try to enrich one’s self, divitias quærere :to seek to enrich one’s self by robbing others, manus afferre alienis bonis ; manus porrigere in alienas possessiones.|| IMPROPR., To enrich a language, sermonem ditare (Horatius) :the science has been enriched, disciplina increvit :to enrich a science, disciplinam excolere :to enrich a temple with paintings, templum picturis locupletare (Cicero).
ENROLL,inscribere : aliquid consignare or in tabulis consignare :aliquid in tabulas referre. || Enlist, vid. || Involve, vid.
ENROLLER, ab actis (Inscr.) :a ccmmentariis (Inscr.) :commentariensis (Paullus, Dig., 49, 14, 45).
ENROLLMENT, consignatio, or by circumlocution. || Enlisting, vid.
ENS,
ENTITY, ens or quod est (in philosophy, as translation of τό ὄν , ens, Quintilianus; quod est, Seneca) :res (thing) :essentia or substantia (in philosophy, as translation of οὐσία : first introduced by Cicero, [according to Seneca, Ep., 58, 4], and defended by Quintilianus, 8, 3, 33, who refers ens, essentia to Sergius Flavius).
ENSAMPLE, Vid. EXAMPLE.
ENSANGUINE, sanguine respergere, inquinare, cruentare :
Ensanguined, cruentus :cruentatus : sanguine repersus.
ENSCONCE,Vid. HIDE.
ENSEAR, (ferro) adurere.
ENSHIELD,Vid. SHIELD, v.
ENSHRINE, consecrare :in anything, * aliqua re recondere ac sanctissime custodire : in quodam quasi fano deponere (in fano deponere, of money deposited in a temple, to be kept there).
ENSIGN, || Standard, etc., signum militare : vexillum [SYN. in COLORS]. || Badge [vid.], insigne. || Officer who bears the flag, signifer. vexillarius (not vexillifer) :aquilifer (the bearer of a Roman eagle).
ENSLAVE, aliquem in servitutem redigere ; alicui servitudinem injungere ; aliquem servitute injungere ; aliquem in servitutem adducere (e. g., socios nostros, Cicero); aliquem in servitutem asserere (Livius), ducere (Cæsar) ; alicui servitutem afferre (Cicero) :subigere (the proper word, especially nations). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vincere et subigere : domare :perdomare.(The words are found in this connection and order.) subigere et domare : in ditionem suam redigere (bring under subjection). (The words are found in this connection and order.) subigere atque in ditionem suam redigere.Men are sometimes enslaved by excess of liberty, nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit (Cicero).To enslave anybody to anybody, tradere aliquem in servitutem alicui.To be enslaved, in servitute esse (servitutem servire is rare and unnatural) ; servitute oppressum teneri.To be enslaved by anybody or anything (figuratively), servum esse alicujus or alicujus rei; servum esse potestatis alicujus; alicui rei obedire.
ENSLAVEMENT, || The state of slavery, servitus : servitudo (Livius 24, 22, 2) :servitium [SYN. in SLAVERY.] || Act of enslaving, circumlocution by verbs under ENSLAVE.
ENSLAVER, qui aliquem in servitutem redigit, asserit, adducit; qui alicui servitutem injungit : domitor (Cicero); domator (Tib.).
ENSNARE, irretire (properly and figuratively), aliqua re or laqueis alicujus rei : illaqueare (figuratively aliqua re). Vid. ENTANGLE.
ENSUE, s.FOLLOW, TRANS., and INTRANS.
ENSURE, || Make safe, tutum reddere, facere or præstare : in tuto collocare aliquid (that had been in danger; e. g., famam) :munire (provide with defence).To ensure against anything, tutum reddere adversus aliquid (e. g., adversus pericula, Celsus).To be ensured against anything, tutum or munitum esse ab aliqua re. || Make certain, confirmare aliquid or spem alicujus rei (confirmare spem successions, Suetonius) :aliquid certum reddere. || Ensure a life, ship, house, etc. Vid. INSURE.
ENTABLATURE, membra omnia quæ sunt supra capitula columnarum (after Vitruvius) :corona or coronis.
ENTAIL, s. [OBS. In the republic and under the earlier emperors, ” almost every disposition restraining the power of alienation was prohibited by the Roman law ; and such dispositions of the kind as it afterward allowed were created exclusively by testament or codicil, and in the circuitous and absurd manner of a fideicommissum” (Austin on Jurisprudence); i. e., A left the property to B, his fiduciarius, to be given to C, the fideicommissarius.The fideicommissarius might himself be bound to give the fideicommissum to a second fideicommissarius (Dict. of Antiqq., p. 420, b).]An entail, fideicommissaria hereditas (general term for a hereditas, to which one succeeds by a fideicommissum).
ENTAIL, v. (vid. OBS. on ENTAIL, s.), fidei committere (general term for leaving on trust), to which the condition must be annexed ; e. g., * ut prædia ne alienentur : * ab eo, cui fundum legavimus, fidei committere, ut eum fundum post mortem suam majori natu filio, eadem lege, fideicommitteret (after quidam ab eo, cui fundum legaverat,
fidei commiserat, ut eum fundum post mortem suam restitueret, Sempronio. Martian, lib. 30, leg. 111) :* filium prædia alienare prohibere, sed conservare majori natu filio fideicommittere (after Scæv., Dig., lib. 32, leg. 36 : pater filium prædia alienare probibuerat, sed conservare liberis ceterisque cognatis fideicommiserat). || IMPROPR., creare (to cause) :derivare aliquid in aliquem (to cause it to flow down from us to him; with the notion, however, of getting rid of it one’s self) :a aliquo ad aliquem venit hereditas (after Cicero, cupiditatem ad multos improbos venit hereditas) :* aliquid alicui quasi hereditate relinquere.To have entailed destruction on anything, alicui rei ultimam causam stetisse, cur periret funditus (poetically, Horatius, Od., 1,16).To entail anything on anybody, inde (or alicujus rei) ad or in aliquem redundat infamia.I will not by my crimes entail infamy on my children, * non committam, ut meorum viriorum ad liberos redundet infamia (after quorum [vifiorum] ad amicos redundat infamia, Cicero).
ENTANGLE, implicare ; in anything, implicare or impedire aliqua re (properly and figuratively) :illaqueare aliqua re (ensnare in anything) :to entangle hair, capillos turbare (general term for putting it in disorder) :to be entangled in a law-suit, lite implicari :to entangle one’s self in anything, implicari or se impedire aliqua re :to entangle anybody in his talk, * animum alicujus interrogationibus implicare or conturbare ; laqueis insidiosæ interrogationis involvere (Plinius, Ep., 1, 5, 18).An entangled business, res impedita, contorta; res contorta et difficilis.
ENTANGLEMENT, implicatio nodus (knot) :turba (confusion) :tricæ (perplexed relations).
ENTER, inire :intrare :introire :ingredi (inire denotes almost always a figurative entering; e. g., inire pugnam, numerum, etc. ; intrare, transitively, with emphasis on the verbal notion; introire, intransitively, with emphasis on the adverbial notion : in intrare, one thinks of crossing the threshold; in introire, of being enclosed within the four walls : intrare, introire, suppose a space purposely marked out by walls, boundaries, marks, etc.; but ingredi, a space limited in any way ; e. g., viam, pontem, etc., Döderlein : introire takes accusative, or, more commonly, accusative with “in”).To enter the house, domum inire ; domum or in domum introire ; limen intrare : tectum subire (go under the roof); the gate, januam intrare (for the purpose of going into the house) :the sun enters Scorpion, sol ingreditur Scorpionem, or transit in Scorpionem ; also, in Geminos etc., introitum facit (Columella) :to enter a ship, inscendere navem or in navem :to be entering his tenth year, annum ætatis decimum ingredi :to have entered his tenth year, annum ætatis decimum agere :to enter into life, introire vitam ; in vitam ingredi :into public life, ad rempublicam accedere; rempublicam capessere :to enter upon an office, munus inire, ingredi, capessere, suscipere :to enter the service, militiam capessere :to enter into a treaty with anybody, fœdus inire cum aliquo; fœdus facere, inire, percutere cum aliquo ; fœdus jungere cum aliquo :to enter into an alliance or partnership with anybody, cum aliquo societatem coire (alicujus rei or de aliqua re, or in aliquid faciendum).To enter into conversation with anybody, sermonem instituere cum aliquo ; dare se in sermonem alicujus (not cum aliquo) ; colloqui cum aliquo (colloquium mostly implies a particular purpose, like “colloquy”).Before I enter upon this part of my subject, priusquam ingrediar hanc partem (Quintilianus). || (α) Enter by marching ; to enter a country, terrain intrare; in terram procedere (of the soldiers) ; cum exercitu (copiis) in terram ingredi, or terram invadere ; ducere or introducere exercitum in fines alicujus populi ; exercitum in aliquem agrum inducere (of the general) :as the troops entered the gates, legiones quum intravere portas. || (β) Enter by being carried in, invehi. To enter a port, in portum invehi; in portum deferri; portum capere; in portum pervenire, pervehi. || Penetrate into, penetrare :invadere :influere :se infundere, infundi :se insinuare :to enter anybody’s body, in alicujus corpus descendere :the sword entered his bowels, ferrum in ilia descendit :this word entered deep into his mind, hoc verbum in pectus ejus alte descendit :the fear of the gods enters deep into men’s minds, metus deorum descendit ad animos. || Enter into (the meaning of) anything, capere or percipere aliquid, with or without animo or mente ; percipere et cognoscere (general term) :accipere (of a scholar); assequi. To enter into anything quickly, aliquid celeriter percipere (Quintilianus); aliquid arripere. || To enter (set down) in a book, referre aliquid in aliquid (e. g., in commentarios, in album).To enter a debt, nomen reddere or referre in codicem; in rationibus aliquid inducere (Cicero, Fam., 3, 10, 6; also, in rationem inducere, to bring it to account ; Cicero, Verr., 2, 1, 41) :to enter a sum received, acceptum or in acceptum referre aliquid :to enter as paid to anybody, aliquid expensum ferre alicui :to enter receipts and disbursements, expensa et accepta referre :to enter what I have given away, expensum muneribus ferre :to be entered at the university, * civitati academicæ, or in civitatem academicam, ascribi ; * in numerum civium academicorum ascisci. || To cause to be written down; to enter one’s name, nomen dare or edere (e. g., to serve in the army, or in the fleet, in classem). (nomen) profited apud aliquem. || To enter (=join one’s self to) an alliance, etc., accedere ad societatem : se applicare ad societatem.
ENTERPRISE, opus (as great action) :facinus (an important action, whether for good or for evil) :periculum (dangerous attempt).An important enterprise, facinus magnum or insigne; opus magnum, especially in the plural :important or noble enterprises, illustria facta ; amplæ res gestæ ; magna facinora.
ENTERPRISER, qui tentat ac periclitatur fortunam : * magnarum rerum molitor.
ENTERPRISING, experiens (who ventures something, vid., Stroth ad Liv., 6, 34) :promtus (ready, prompt) :strenuus (resolute, going vigorously to work, and carrying it through) :audens :confidens (bold) :acer (full of energy). (The words are found in this connection and order.) acer et experiens : temerarius atque audax (rash).An enterprising merchant, mercator strenuus studiosusque rei quærendæ.
ENTERTAIN, || As a host, hospitio accipere, excipere, recipere (accusative and excipere, to entertain friends; recipere, to entertain those who need assistance) :convivio excipere : hospitaliter invitare (to entertain at table) :to entertain sumptuously, apparatis epulis accipere, excipere, invitare.To entertain (guests) with anything, pascere aliquem aliqua re (e. g., olusculis, Cicero); apponere alicui aliquid (serve it up to him). || Amuse, oblectare :delectare [SYN. in AMUSE.]To be entertained, oblectari aliqua re ; oblectari et duci aliqua re; delectatione alicujus rei duci ; voluptatem ex aliqua re capere, percipere, habere.To entertain one’s self with anything, se oblectare aliqua re; se delectare aliqua re :delectari aliqua re. || To amuse with conversation, loqui cum aliquo; confabulari or sermones familiares conferre cum aliquo; habere sermonem cum aliquo de aliqua re (to hold a discourse about anything with anybody) :to entertain one’s self very agreeably with anybody, jucundissime loqui cum aliquo. || To keep in one’s service, habere (to have) :alere (to support, to feed) :mercede conducere (to hire) :pascere (to feed, especially slaves). || To receive anything into the mind; to entertain hatred against anybody, odium habere or odio ferri in aliquem ; an affection for anybody, amorem erga aliquem habere; in amore habere, or amore prosequi aliquem ; hope, sperare, spem habere :I entertain hopes that, spes me tenet, etc. ; a doubt, dubitare; a suspicion, suspicionem habere suspicari ; a wish, optare ; est in optatis or votis (both with infinitive) ; an opinion, vid. OPINION.
ENTERTAINER, || Giver of a banquet, domiitus cœnæ or epuli :convivator (less common) : Cf., cœnæ præbitor is not Latin : conditor instructorque convivii occurs in Auct., Orat. p. red. in Senat., 6, 15. || For the other meanings, by circumlocution with verbs.
ENTERTAINING, jucundus (general term, agreeable; of persons or things, a discourse, an author, etc.) :jucundus et delectationi natus (of persons ; e. g., an author, Quintilianus). Vid. DIVERTING.
ENTERTAININGLY, jucunde (e. g., narrare).
ENTERTAINMENT, || Amusement, delectatio : oblectatio (amusement) :oblectamentum (what serves for amusement, etc.). || Conversation, sermo :sermones : confabulatio :sermones familiares (confidential talk). || Hospitable reception, hospitium :kind entertainment, * liberalitas (comitas, humanitas), qua aliquis excipitur or accipitur.To find hospitable or good entertainment, liberaliter haberi ; hospitaliter excipi or invitari ; benigne excipi ab aliquo.” A house of entertainment,” [vid. INN, TAVERN]. || An entertainment = a banquet, convivium :epulum :epulæ :cœna :daps [SYN. in BANQUET] :to prepare an entertainment, cœnam parare, instruere ; convivium instruere, apparare, comparare, ornare, exornare :to give an entertainment to anybody, cœnam or epulum alicui dare :to be giving an entertainment, convivium habere, agere [vid. BANQUET]. || Payment, pay (obsolete), vid. || Support, victus :alimenta.κυρικιμασαηικο ENTHRONE, deferre alicui regnum ac diadema († Horatius) ; summam rerum deferre ad aliquem (of making him a sovereign) : jubere aliquem in solio sedere ornatu regali :deferre ad aliquem regnum or regiam potestatem :* regiæ potestatis insignibus ornare :* insignibus regiis ornare. To be enthroned, sedere in solio (to be sitting
on a throne) :regnare cœpisse (to ascend the throne, figuratively).Anything was enthroned on anybody’s brow, in alicujus vultu aliquid residebat.
ENTHRONEMENT, by circumlocution or principium regni : primordia regni . introitus regni (after introitus sacerdotii, Suetonius).
ENTHUSIASM, inflammatio animi (animorum); divina mentis incitatio et permotio :ardor animi :animi alacritas (Cicero) :mens incitata :æstus or fervor ingenii : cœlestis quidam mentis instinctus.To be filled with enthusiasm, insurgere; spiritu divino tangi; divino quodam spiritu inflari; divino instinctu concitari :youthful enthusiasm, ardor juvenilis (Cicero uses enthusiasmus in Greek characters).
ENTHUSIAST, divino spiritu tactus; divino instinctu concitatus; mente incitatus. || Fanatic, homo fanaticus.
ENTHUSIASTIC, fanaticus. || Ardent, vehement, etc., calidus :ardens :vehemens :fervidus :An enthusiastic temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum.
ENTHUSIASTICALLY, fanatice :instinctu quodam divino : divino quodam spiritu (inflatus) . || A rdently, ardenter :ferventer :acriter :cupide.To praise anybody enthusiastically, aliquem omni laude cumulare ; efferre aliquem summis laudibus ad cœlum.
ENTHYMEME, enthymema (Cicero, and Quintilianus).
ENTICE, allicere :allectare :allectare et invitare : prolectare ; to anything, ad aliquid (general terms) :illicere, pellicere; to anything, in aliquid :illecebris trahere : inescare (to catch by a bait) :inducere (to draw over to anything) ; by anything, aliqua re (e. g., promissis) :to entice to one’s self, allicere; by anything, aliqua re.To entice the enemy out of their walls, hostem extra muros elicere ; out of their marshes and woods, hostem ex paludibus silvisque elicere :to entice anybody to fight, ad pugnam or in prœlium aliquem elicere (Tacitus) ; in prœlium aliquem producere (Nepos).To entice anybody to anything, inducere aliquem in aliquid ; aliquem elicere in aliquid (the latter to entice out of a place) :anything entices me, ducor aliqua re.
ENTICEMENT, allectatio (Quintilianus) : (as thing), invitamentum : incitamentum :lenocinium.
Enticements, illecebræ : blandimenta.
ENTICER, allector (Columella) :illex (properly, a bird used to decoy others; then, figuratively, a tempter, ensnarer, etc., Plautus, Appuleius).
ENTICING, alliciens :pelliciens : blandus :dulcis.
ENTICINGLY, blande.
ENTIRE, solidus (forming one unbroken mass; e. g., usura, gaudium, libertas; dies, Horatius) :integer (in its original state, unmutilated ; opposed to truncus, læsus ; e. g., a manuscript, codex). (The words are found in this connection and order.) solidus atque integer : plenus (full, having no empty space ; e. g., numerus) :totus (whole ; opposed to the several parts) :totus integer (Gellius, sine eam totam integram esse matrem filii sui ; i. e., without calling in a wet-nurse).The historical books of Livy have not come down entire, * Livii historiæ non integræ ad nos pervenerunt. || Perfect, absolutus :perfectus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) absolutus et perfectus ; perfectus atque absolutus ; perfectus expletusque ; expletus et perfectus ; perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus; absolutus omnibus numeris. An entire horse. Vid. STALLION.
ENTIRELY, plane : omnino :prorsus (quite, vid.) :plene :integre :absolute : perfecte (completely, perfectly) :in omnes partes, per omnia (in every respect).That is entirely false, falsum id est totum :I am entirely yours, totus sum tuus :I am entirely devoted to you, totus tibi sum deditus :he is entirely made up of deceit and lies, totus ex fraude et mendaciis constat. Vid. QUITE.
ENTIRENESS, plenitudo (Auct., ad Her., 4, 20, 28) :integritas : absolutio (the finishing anything off as a whole).
ENTITLE, inscribere (a writing, book, etc.) :appellare (to entitle a man) :the book is entitled, liber inscriptus est; liber inscribitur (the former, when an author speaks of his own works, but sometimes when works of another author are quoted : cf. Cicero, De Or., 2, 14, 61 ; Divin., 2, 1, 1, and 2, 54, init.; Suetonius, Cæsar, 55 : the latter, of the works, especially the small works, of another author. Cicero, Off., 2, 9, 31 [alio libro – qui inscribitur, Lælius], seems to make against this; but cf. Gernhard, Beier, etc.). || Confer a claim, jus or potestatem aliquid faciendi dare ; to anything, jus, copiam, potestatem alicujus rei alicui dare or facere.To be entitled, jus or potestatem, or jus potestatemque habere ; to do anything, aliquid faciendi ; copia, potestas, fas mihi est alicujus rei :I am entitled to do this, hoc ad meum officium pertinet :I am not entitled to do this, non meum est; hæc res nihil ad meum officium pertinet :to believe one’s self entitled, * sibi jus datum, or potestatem datam putare :not to think myself entitled, non fas esse ducere. Cf., Sometimes “to be entitled” may be translated by possum, or licet mihi, aliquid facere ; or dignus sum, or dignum me puto, qui etc.: I am entitled to aspire to the highest honors, * ad amplissimos honores aspirare possum :he who obeys well, will hereafter be entitled to command, qui modeste paret, videtur, qui aliquando imperet, dignus esse.No one is entitled to this name, but he who etc., quo nomine nemo dignus est, nisi qui etc.
ENTITY :Vid. ENS.
ENTOIL, Vid. ENSNARE.
ENTOMB, humare :humo tegere :terra, humo contegere (bury in the earth) :in sepulcro condere : ossa alicujus tumulo contegere; corpus alicujus tumulo inferre (Tacitus); corpus terræ reddere.
ENTRAIL (obsolete).Vid. INTERWEAVE.
ENTRAILS, viscera (all the parts of the body beneath the skin, except the bones ; i. e., lungs, liver, heart, stomach, guts) :exta (the better portions of the entrails ; e. g., the heart, lungs, etc., which were inspected by the soothsayers after a sacrifice) :intestina (entrails, guts) :ilia, for ” entrails,” is poetical (ilia inter coxas pubemque imo ventre posita sunt, Celsus).The entrails of the earth, terræ viscera.
ENTRANCE, || Action of entering, ingressio :ingressus :introitus (also figuratively, of entering into an office, etc., introitus sacerdotii) :aditus (the going up to) :To refuse entrance to anybody, aliquem introitu prohibere.
Entrance into the forum, ingressio fori :to make a public entrance, triumphantem urbem inire, or in urbem invehi, or (according to our notions) * sollemni pompa, stipatum comitibus, urbem ingredi, intrare, or in urbem introire :to make a public entrance on horseback, introire vehentetn equo (Gellius).Anybody’s entrance into the city, alicujus introitus in urbem (Cicero).|| IMPROPR., To find an entrance (i. e., into the mind), accipi, probari (find acceptance) :to find entrance into anybody’s mind, movere aliquem or alicujus animum (to affect by one’s representations); in alicujus pectus descendere :æquis auribus accipi :to find no entrance, non audiri. || Passage by which a place is entered, introitus (e. g., portus) :aditus : accessus (approach) :limen (threshold) :fauces (narrow entrance) :ostium (properly, door as opening; then any entrance, e. g., of a harbor, mouth of a river, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) introitus atque ostium (e. g., portus) :janua (house-door).The entrance into a prison, ostium limenque carceris :at the entrance (of a house), in limine or ad limen ædium.All the entrances were closed, omnes introitus erant præclusi (Cæsar).|| Opening of a speech, etc., introitus :ingressio :ingressus :exordium : prologus :proœmium. Vid. EXORDIUM.
ENTRANCE-MONEY, * quod ab accedentibus solvi solet or debet.[Kraft says, perhaps pecunia aditialis. Vid. Obs. in INAUGURAL.] ENTRAP, irretire :laqueis irretire, with anything, aliqua re or laqueis alicujus rei :aliquem capere or devincire :to have entrapped anybody, aliquem irretitum tenere :to be entrapped, in laqueos se induere; in laqueos cadeie or incidere (fall into a trap, properly and figuratively).To try to entrap anybody, laqueos ponere or disponere alicui (properly and figuratively); insidias alicui facere or parare.
ENTREAT, rogare (general term for asking, aliquem aliquid) :orare (to beg loudly and earnestly, pray, aliquem aliquid) :petere (to try to get by asking, more with reference to the object : rogare, to the person; hence petere aliquid ab aliquo) :quæso (I beseech you, denoting an earnest request which claims a kind consent) :obsecrare (to beg by all that is sacred; conjure) :obtestari (to conjure, calling upon the gods as witnesses) :supplicare (to beg on bended knees, alicui pro re) :deprecari (to pray earnestly, aliquid, e. g., pacem ; also followed by ut or ne; also aliquid ab aliquo; multorum vitam ab aliquo, Cicero ; also ” to beg off”) :implorare (to entreat with tears, aliquem ; for anything, aliquid) :precious exposcere aliquid (e. g., pacem) :omnibus precibus orare et obtestari :omnibus (or infimis) precibus petere (to beg with earnest prayers, etc.) :petere, postulare, suppliciter; anybody for anything, aliquid ab aliquo : orare aliquem supplicibus verbis ; orare or rogare aliquem suppliciter (all of imploring humbly as a suppliant). (The words are found in this connection and order.) rogare atque orare ; petere et contendere ; orare et obtestari ; orare obtestarique ; orare atque obsecrare ; implorare atque obtestari ; precari atque orare ; petere ac deprecari. Cf., To entreat anybody to do anything, rogare, orare, etc., ut faciat.To entreat anybody earnestly, nay, almost with tears, omnibus precibus, pæne lacrimis etiam obsecrare aliquem :to entreat anybody with the utmost possible earnestness, aliquem ita rogare, ut majore studio rogare non possim :to entreat anybody for anybody,
deprecari pro aliquo ; deprecatorem se præbere pro alicujus periculo :to entreat for the life of a criminal, petere vitam nocenti.
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To entreat the gods, precari a diis ; precatione uti ; precationem ad deos facere (pray to them). Cf., “I entreat you,” inserted parenthetically, quæso, oro, obsecro (also inserted parenthetically).To allow one’s self to be entreated (i. e., successfully), precibus alicujus aliquid dare ; a se aliquid impetrari pati. || Treat, vid. || Prevail with, vid.