en_la_24

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DUST, v. || To sprinkle with dust, * pulvere conspergere, opplere.|| To cleanse from dust, pulverem excutere : abstergere, detergere, or extergere (to wipe).

DUSTER, penicillus.

DUST-MAN, magister vici (who had to attend to the cleaning of the streets, etc., in a quarter of the city. Livy, 34, 7, speaks of them as an infimum genus of officers) :* qui vicos purgat.  

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DUSTY, pulverulentus : pulveris plenus (full or filled with dust) :my (his, etc.) shoes were very dusty, multus erat in calceis pulvis.

DUTEOUS,
DUTIFUL, obsequens, obsequiosus (of him who follows readily the advice, or conforms to the wish, of another person, Plautus, Merc., 1, 6, 46, and Capitolini, 2, 3, 58 ; toward anybody, alicui) :obediens (mostly with dative of the person obeyed; of children and slaves) :dicto audiens :dicto audiens atque obediens :obtemperans. [SYN. in To OBEY] :observantissimus officiorum (Plinius, Ep., 7, 30) :officiosus (ready to perform officia ; to anybody, in aliquem) :facilis (easy to be managed).To make anybody more duteous, aliquem alicui obedientiorem facere (of a thing, Livius, 8, 8, in.) :duteous affection, pietas (to parents, one’s country, etc.) ; officiosa pietas (Seneca) :in a duteous manner, obsequenter, obedienter, officiose :to be duteous, officiosum esse in aliquem :(The words are found in this connection and order.) obtemperare et obedire; obsequi et obedire ; dicto audientem atque obedientem esse ; alicujus voluntati obedire. [Vid. OBEY.] To be less dutiful than one should be, in officio cessare, claudicare :anyone ought to have been more dutiful to anybody, aliquis in aliquem officiosior esse debuit.

DUTIFULLY, officiose :obsequenter :obedienter. SYN. in OBEY.

DUTIFULNESS, obsequium :obedientia; Vid. OBEDIENCE.

DUTY, || That to which a man is bound, officium : debitum officium (any obligation, as a mark or expression of gratitude or acknowledgement for benefits or favors received, especially with reference to the social relations of the citizens of the Roman republic. It consequently differs from our notion of “moral duty,” but may be, from the nature of the case, a near approach to it, e. g., Quintilian calls the office of Aristotle, as preceptor to Alexander, officium, and such a post implies moral obligations ; it is also the regular term for the duties of an office, officium legationis, Cæsar, B, C, 3, 183. Cf. Cicero, Fam., 13, 9, 2) :debitum (duty as a moral obligation) :religio (from religious feelings or conscientiousness) :pietas (duty with reference to anything that ought to be sacred to us or venerated ; e. g., God, our country, sovereign, parents, etc., compare B. G., 7, 27; Cicero, Phil., 14, 13, 6; Suetonius, Cal., 1) :munus :partes (the duty incumbent on anybody from his position or function; also officium, vid. above) :a perfect duty, recte factum (in a stoical sense); officium absolutum :duties of a functionary or servant of the state, munia :it is anybody’s duty, est alicujus officium, or munus, or merely est alicujus (with this distinction :officium or munus est = it is obligatory upon him as a part of his prescribed or expected duties; whereas est alicujus is more nearly = decet aliquem, it becomes him, makes for his credit, honour, etc.).It is the duty of a stranger not to interfere in other people’s business, peregrini officium est, nihil de alio inquirere :it is the duty of sovereigns to resist the fickleness of the populace, principum munus est resistere levitati multitudinis (in these instances officium and munus are essential to convey the meaning) :it is the duty of ( = behooves) the young to show respect to their elders, est adolescentis, majores natu revereri :it is my duty, meum officium, or munus est, or meum est (with the distinction just explained) :I considered it my duty, esse officium meum putavi, or meum esse putavi (with the same distinction) :it is your duty, tuum est; tuæ sunt partes (Cicero) :to do one’s duty, officium facere or præstare; officio fungi ; officio satisfacere ; officio suo non deesse :nullam partem officii deserere; officium exsequi (Cf., seldom, and never in Cicero : officium explere or officii partes implere); officium servare, or conservare, or colere, or facere et colere, or tueri :to neglect or not do one’s duty, to fail in one’s duty, officium suum non facere; ab officio discedere or recedere; de or ab officio decedere; officio suo deesse; officium prætermittere, negligere, or deserere :to act contrary to duty in anything, ab religione officii in aliqua re decinare :to do one’s duty toward anybody, alicui officium præstare :to act more or less against the rule of duty, plures aut pauciores quasi officii numeros præterire; to be willing to suffer anything rather than act contrary to duty, dolores quosvis suscipere malle, quam ullam partem officii deserere :to act from a principle of duty, and not from interested motives, officium sequi, non fructum :to be somewhat slow, careless, etc., in the fulfillment of one’s duty, in officio cessare or claudicare (Livius, 45, 23; Cicero, Off., 1, 33, 119) :to do one’s duty toward everybody, nullum munus officii cuiquam reliquum facere :to neglect or deviate from one’s duty, officium violaro or comminuere:I will not fail in my duty, partes meæ non desiderabuntur (Cicero) :to go beyond one’s duty, excedere officii sui partes :to remain faithful to one’s duty, in officio manere :to keep anybody (e. g., subjects) in their duty ( = in obedience), aliquem in officio continere :to extend the limits of one’s duties too far, fines officiorum paullo longius proferre : vid. Cicero,Muren., 31, 65 (Cf., not extendere) :the last duties, suprema officia :to pay the last duty to anybody, supremo in aliquem officio fungi, supremum officium in aliquem celebrare (the latter only of several persons, Curtius 3, 12, 11 and 14) ; usually justa alicui facere, or præstare, or persolvere :from a feeling of duty, religiose, pietate :contrary to duty, * ab officio discrepans ; * officio repugnans :against one’s duty, præter officium; contra jus fasque (the latter denoting violation of the moral law) :according to one’s duty, recte ; juste ; juste ac legitime (e. g., to act, agere) :in duty bound (e. g., anybody is), est alicujus officium or munus ; vid. the remark above as to this phrase and ” est alicujus.” || Impost, vectlgal (general term) :portorium (import or export duty, excise duty) :to pay the duty, vectigal pendere ; portorium dare :to lay a duty on anything, vectigal, portorium imponere alicui rei :to raise a duty (on such and such an article), vectigal, portorium exigere :

Duty free (of exports or imports), † immunis portorii :anything may be exported free from, or without paying, duty, sine portorio exportare. || To be on duty (as a soldier), stationem or excubias agere (Tacitus); excubare (Cicero).

DWARF, nanus (νάννος); feminine, nana (νάννα, Lampr., Alex. Sev., 34) :pure Latin, pumilio or pumilus :such dwarfs, homines tantulæ staturæ (Cæsar) :like a dwarf, pusillus (i. e., very small). || Any animal or plant that is under the usual size of the species or genus ; e. g., * betula nana (according to Linnæus, of a birch-tree); in a similar manner, * phaseolus nanus (Linnæus, of a bean); sometimes the termination -aster is used :* mespilus cotoneaster (Linnæus, of a medlar); sometimes minutus or pusillus, of anything that, from any cause, has been checked in its growth ; e. g., pisciculus (fish) ; folium (leaf).

DWARF,Vid. To DIMINISH.

DWARFISH, minutus (very small ; e. g., pisciculus) :minutissimus ; perpusillus ; valde pusillus (stronger terms).

DWARFISHNESS, (staturæ) brevitas (Cæsar, B. G., 2, 30) :parvitas; exiguitas [SYN. in SMALL] : tantula statura.

DWELL, v. || PROP. To reside, habitare (general term) :incolere (to have one’s usual residence in a place or country) :to dwell by or near a place, accolere locum (e. g., viam ; flumen) :to dwell in or at a place, aliquo loco (Cf., not locum) habitare (to have taken up one’s abode in ; e. g., urbe) :domicilium or sedem ac domicilium habere in aliquo loco (to have one’s residence at) :locum incolere (to have one’s usual residence at; e. g., urbem, trans Rhenum, inter mare Alpesque) :locum colere (to inhabit it, as being one who tills its soil, makes one of its population, pursues one’s business in it, etc. ; e. g., has terras, urbem, circa utramque ripam Rhodani) :to dwell with anybody, in alicujus domo, or apud aliquem, habitare ; apud aliquem or in alicujus domo deversari (in anybody’s house; the latter only for a time, and as a guest); cum aliquo habitare (to occupy a house jointly with him) :to dwell next door to each other, continuas tenere domos :to dwell by or near to, accolere ( aliquem locum, Cicero, Rep., 8, 5) :to dwell near anybody, prope or juxta aliquem habitare ; above anybody, supra aliquem habitare; beneath the earth, sub terra habitare :the Troglodytes, who dwell in caves, Troglodytæ, quibus subterraneæ domus sunt. || FIG., To dwell upon a thing, rem longius prosequi (to pursue it further) ; morari in re, commorari, habitare, hærere in re (vid. Cicero, De Pr., 2, 72, 292 ; these three in the order given, where only habitare occurs in this sense) :to dwell too long upon anything, longum esse :not to dwell too long upon it, ne longum fiat :to dwell upon trifles, morari in parvis (Ovidius, A. A., 2, 335) :to dwell long on each particular, diu hærere in singulis :to dwell upon a word ( = speak it with emphasis), verbum premere (Cf., not urgere) ; upon a syllable, * syllabam
cum accentu efferre or enunciare.

DWELLER, Vid. INHABITANT.

DWELLING,

DWELLING-HOUSE,

DWELLING-PLACE, Vid. HABITATION, HOUSE.

DWELLING-ROOM, diæta (δίαιτα, any room fit to live in, post-Augustan ; also a number of adjoining dwelling-rooms, Gierig, Plinius, Ep., 2, 17, 12) :cœnaculum :cubiculum hospitale (dining-room).

DWINDLE, decrescere :diminui (general terms) :tabescere : contabescere (waste away and be consumed by some inner principle ofdissolution) :rarescere (become rare, common, dwindle as to numbers) :senescere (to become old; and figuratively, to die away, of strength, hope, peril, zeal, etc.) :hebescere (to grow blunt, of intellectual powers, etc.) :extenuari et evanescere (to become attenuated and so disappear : figuratively of hope, Cicero) :degenerare (to degenerate).

DYE, v. || To color (in general), vid. || By a dyeing process, tingere, with anything, aliqua re (by dipping the stuff into any dyeing matter) :inficere, with anything, aliqua re (to do over with anything, so that the object changes, if it does not entirely lose, its natural quality or property) :imbuere aliqua re (to soak, to imbue with anything, in general) Cf., In the sense of producing a color, “tingere” is followed by the accusative of the color itself, e. g., to dye of a sea-blue or sky-blue color, cæruleum tingere ; purple, purpuram tingere :this dyes a dark purple, hoc fuco hysginum tingitur :woad dyes stuffs blue or sky-blue, vitrum cæruleum efficit colorem :to dye red, rufare (i. e., a yellowish red ; e. g., one’s hair, capillum) :to dye dark hair red, e nigro rutilum capillum reddere :to dye anything bluish or water-colored, colore cæruleo tingere :dyed blue, cæruleatus.To be used for dyeing cloth., tingendis vestibus idoneum esse (Plinius).

Dye, s, infector succus (Plinius) :pigmentum :color. Vid. COLOR.

DYE-WOOD, lignum infectorium (Plinius).

DYER, tingens :infector (general term) :infector purpurarius (one that dyes purple, Inscr.) :blattiarius (that dyes silk or stuffs with purple) :molochinarius (that dyes anything of a yellow color [i. e., mallow-color]).

DYEING, tinctus (Plinius) :infectus (e. g., lanarum, Plinius) :infectura (manner in which anything is dyed, Plinius) :ars tingendi vestes (the art).

DYNAMICS, * dynamica, or * disciplina, quæ exponit de virium natura et effectibus.

DYNASTY, domus regnatrix (reigning family, Tacitus) ; familia summum ad fastigium genita (Tacitus).The dynasty of the Cæsars, progenies Cæsarum (Suetonius).

DYSENTERY, dysenteria (Plinius); fluor solutioque stomachi (Scribonius, Larg.); fluor (e. g., fluore ægrum esse, Celsus); resolutio ventris (Celsus). Vid. DIARRHŒA.

E.

EACH, quisque (is enclitic ; that is, throws its acœnt on the preceding word, and in prose never stands at the beginning of a sentence ; ἔκαστος) :unusquisque (accented and emphatic, εἰς ἔκαστος, denoting ” each individual;” opposed to “some only”) :singuli (individuals; opposed to to the undivided whole) :uterque (each of two) :omnes (all without exception; opposed to nemo, unus, aliquot). Cf., As adjective, in singular, omnis stands only with the name of a class ; e. g., omni officio satisfacere alicui, ” by good offices of every kind.” quilibet, quivis (any you please the former with reference to its name only, the latter with reference to its quality or properties).

Each single one, unusquisque and unusquique. Cf., When a numeral is used with ”each,” it shouldbe a distributive: two feet are allotted to each of you, cuique vestrum bini pedes assignantur :8000 soldiers are put under the command of each prætor, prætoribus octona millia peditum data. He allotted each of them ten jugera, dena descripsit in singulos jugera :the same sum which Cæsar had promised each soldier, etc., quantam pecuniam militibus in singulos Cæsar pollicitus erat, tantam, etc. || ON EACH SIDE, utrimque (from or on each side) :utrobique (on each side ; e. g., utrobique inimicos habebam, Asin. Poll. in Cicero, Ep.: veritas utrobique sit, sc. in diis et hominibus). [Vid. EVERY.] || EACH OTHER, Vid. “one another” under ANOTHER.

EAGER, || With an object expressed (eager for, after, etc.), cupidus :avidus (stronger than cupidus) :appetens : studiosus (all, alicujus rei) :desiderio alicujus rei captus (Terentianus), incensus, flagrans (Cicero).

Eager for contention, cupidus contentions (Cicero); in the pursuit of truth, cupidus veritatis ; in the pursuit of praise, glory, avidus laudis, gloriæ ; appetens gloriæ (Cicero) :to be eager after (or in pursuit of) anything, cupere, concupiscere, avere, appetere, desiderare aliquid ; imminere alicui rei or ad aliquam rem ; (stronger) cupiditate alicujus rei rapi, trahi, ardere, flagrare, inflammatum esse; sitire aliquid; studiosum esse alicujus rei; versari in cupiditate alicujus rei ; tenet me cupiditas alicujus rei; avide affectum esse de re.I am eager for revenge, ardet animus ad ulciscendum.I am becoming eager after anything, injicitur mihi alicujus rei cupiditas (Cicero) :to be becoming or growing eager, cupiditate, desiderio incendi :to make anybody eager, cupiditate aliquem incendere, afficere; in cupiditatem irnpellere. All being eager to fight, omnibus ad pugnam intentis. || Ardent, impetuous, calidus ; ardens; fervens or fervidus ; vehemens : acer.An eager temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum.An eager patriot, civis acerrimus :eager prayers, precum constantia (Tacitus, Germ. 8, 1). || Sharp, acid, vid. || Keen, cold, vid.

EAGERLY, appetenter :cupide :avide :studio : studiose : acriter :ardenter :enixe. Sometimes intente :industrie. To desire eagerly, ardenter cupere :to undertake anybody’s cause eagerly, alicujus causam enixe suscipere (Cicero) :very eagerly, fiagrantissime (Tacitus).To be eagerly bent on anything, magnæ mihi curæ est aliquid :omni cura incumbere in aliquid (Cicero).

EAGERNESS, || Eagerness after anything, cupiditas : cupido (Cf., poetically and historically ; not in Cicero) :aviditas :appetentia :studium :desiderium :libido [ SYN. in DESIRE]. (The words are found in this connection and order.) studia cupiditatesque.

Extreme eagerness, (cupiditatis) ardor, impetus; sitis :to fill anybody with eagerness, alicui cupiditatem dare or (stronger) injicere ; aliquem in cupiditatem impellere ; aliquem cupiditate incendere, inflammare :to restrain one’s eagerness after anything, cupiditatem coercere, tenere, comprimere, restinguere. More under DESIRE, vid. || Vehemence, vis :incitatio :impetus : violentia :ardor : æstus (the last two of passions). SYN. in VEHEMENCE.

EAGLE, aquila (also the constellation ; and the Roman ensign) :aquila (-falco, * Linnæus) :Golden eagle, * Falco chrysaetus (Linnæus) :Ring-tailed eagle, * Falco fulvus (Linnæus).White-headed eagle, or great Erne or Cinereous eagle, * Falco albiulla (Linnæus).Sea-eagle, * Falco baliæetus (Linnæus).Young eagle, aquila pullus. || IMPROPR. The Roman eagle ( = Roman empire), imperium Romanum. The eagle-bearer, aquilifer (Cæsar.).An eagle eye, oculus aquilinus (properly, and figuratively).

EAGLE-EYED, lynceus : oculos acres atque acutos habens.To be eagle-eyed., habere oculos prorsus micantes aquilinos (Appuleius, Met., 2, p. 88, Oud.) :oculos acres atque acutos habere : lynceum esse.

EAGLET, aquila pullus.

EAR, auris (used in the plural, when =” attention”) :short ears (of a horse), aures applicatæ (close to the head) : large, fleshy ears, aures flaccidæ prægravantesque :an attentive ear, aures avidæ et capaces :to give anybody one’s ears, aures alicui dare, præbere, or dedere (Cicero) :to prick up one’s ears, aures erigere or arrigere (Cf., aurem substringere is quite poetical, Horatius, Sat., 2, 5, 99) :to seize hold of anybody by the ear, aliquem auriculis prehendere (Plautus) :to give anybody one’s ear, opponere auriculam (that he may touch it) : præbere aurem alicui (that he may whisper into it).

Ears tingle, aures tinniunt (Varro).Box on the ear, alapa (with the flat hand); colaphus (with the fist) :to box anybody’s ears, alapam alicui ducere, colaphum alicui ducere, infringere, or impingere, or (repeatedly) colaphis aliquem percutere :(proverbially) to send anybody away with a flea in his ear, scrupulum alicui injicere :to be over head and ears in debt, ære alieno obrutum or demersum esse ; or (comedy) animam debere (Terentianus).I have no ears for that; I turn a deaf ear to that, aures ad aliquid surdæ or clausæ sunt ; surdus sum in aliqua re; aliquid in aures non recipio, or accipio :to preach to deaf ears, surdo or surdis auribus canere (Vergilius, Ecl., 10, 8 ; Livius, 40, 8), surdo narrare fabulam (Terentius 2, 1, 10); frustra surdas aures fatigare (Curtius 9, 10, 16) ; verba hunt mortuo ( Terentianus).To lay siege to anybody’s ears, alicujus aures obsidere (Livius) :to stun anybody’s ears, aures alicujus obtundere :to hang down his ears (of a horse, mule, etc.), demittere auriculam (i. e., put them back as a sign of | obstinacy) :to have anybody’s ear, aditum ad alicujus aures habere :to find a willing ear, aliquis aures mihi dat :lend me your ears, erigite mentes auresque vestras, et me dicentem attendite :to offend or grate against anybody’s ears, aures offendere; aures or auriculas radere (Quintilianus, Persius); aliquid aures fastidiunt or respuunt (Quintilianus).A report reaches my ears, aliquid ad aures meas pervenit or permanat (Cicero), ad aliquem permanat (Terentianus); aliquid ad me perfertur or defertur :critical ears, aures teretes or eruditæ, teretes et religiosæ :uncritical ears, aures hebetiores (Cicero), ineruditæ (Quintilianus); aures imperitorum (Quintilianus) :to open one’s ears to flattery, assentatoribus
aures patefacere :to have one’s ears open to anything, aures patent alicui rei or ad aliquid (Cicero); to calumny, obtrectationem pronis auribus accipere :to get anybody’s ear, aditum sibi ad aures alicujus facere :a practical ear, aures tritæ (Cicero) :a very good ear (i. e., power of feeling harmony, etc.), aurium sensus fastidiosissimus ; aures, quarum judicium est superbissimum :to have a good ear for music or harmony, numeros aure callere (Horatius) :

Drum of the ear, tympanum auris :a tumour on the ear, parotis :the orifice of the ear, foramen auris :the dirt or wax of the ear, aurium sordes :a disease in the ear, aurium morbus :to have diseased ears, ex auribus laborare :a ringing in the ear, sonitus aurium (Plinius).I have a ringing in my ears, aures mihi sonant. To whisper in anybody’s ear, alicui ad aurem or in aures insusurrare ; in or ad aurem dicere (ad aurem, confidentially ; in aurem, secretly and clandestinely ; Handrianus,Turs., 1, 78) ; ad aurem admonere :to pluck anybody’s ear (for the purpose of warning him), aurem vellere (Vergilius), pervellere (Seneca) :to bring people about one’s ears, in odium offensionemque aliquorum irruere (Cicero) :to set people together by the ears, discordiam concitare; dissensionem commovere (both Cicero) : committere omnes inter se (Suetonius) :to fall together by the ears, rixari inter se, etc. [vid. QUARREL.] || Ear = handle, ansa. || Dog’s-ear (in a book), plicatura. || Ear of corn, etc., spica (the full ear, the fruit of the corn-stalk, without respect to its shape) :arista (the prickly ear, the tip or uttermost part of the stalk, without respect to its substance, sometimes merely the prickles). Cf., The three forms, spica, spicus, spicum were in use ; only of spicum, as Servius says, the singular was rare (cf. Gernhard, Cicero, Cat. Maj., 15, 51).The beard of an ear of corn, aristæ; the ear has a beard, spica aristarum vallo rnunitur :κυρικιμασαηικοthe lowest part of the ear, urruncum (Varro, R. R., 1, 48, 3) :an ear of corn without a beard, spica mutica :an ear of corn with a beard, spica aristata (Fest.) :that has ears or anything like ears; e. g., a plant, spicatus :that bears ears, spicam ferens (poetically, spicifer) :consisting of ears, made of ears, spiceus :to come into ear, spicam concipere :to put forth an ear, fundere frugem, spici ordine exstructam (in a descriptive passage; Cicero, Cat.Maj., 15, 51) :to gather ears of corn, spicas legere :the ears promise to be heavy this year, seges est spicis uberibus et crebris :a garland of ears of corn, sertum spiceum (which must be distinguished from a crown of ears of corn, corona spicea) :a gleaning of ears of corn, spicilegium.

EAR-ACHE, aurium dolor.

EAR-LAP, auricula infima (Cicero) or auricula only (in Catullus, oricilla).

EAR-PICKER, auriscalpium.

EAR-RING, insigne aurium :inauris (general term) :crotalium (ornament that will ring ; e. g., of pearls, jewels, metal) :stalagmium (in the shape of a drop) :lapilli (of stones; e. g., lapilli ex auribus pendent, Curtius), To wear ear-rings, inaures gerere.

EAR-WIG, * forficula auricula (Linnæus).

EAR-WITNESS, testis auritus (Plautus, Truc., 2, 6, 8).

EARED, auritus. || Of plants, spicatus :spicam ferens ( poetically, spicifer) :consisting of ears, spiceus.

EARL, * comes :the title of earl, * nomen comitis.

EARLDOM, * comitis dignitas; * comitatus :to confer an earldom upon anybody, * aliquem comitis nomine et dignitate ornare.

EARLINESS, by circumlocution with adjective  EARLY, adjective || In the morning, matutinus. || With respect to time, especially season of the year, maturus (general term for early as to time; then of the fruits of the earth, which, having been planted or sown early, are ripe early ; opposed to serotinus; Columella 2, 10, 9) :præmaturus “ripe before the usual time; hence, of other things, “premature ;” opposed to serus) :præcox (ripe before the usual time of ripening for other fruits of the same kind; hence, also, “unnaturally forward” of the faculties of the mind, etc.; Quintilianus 1, 3, 3) :immaturus (untimely; of fruits which, from beginning to ripen too early, do not ripen at all; hence, general term for “untimely;” opposed to maturus) :brevi futurus (to take place soon).An early winter, matura hiems (beginning early, as in northern regions); præmatura (setting in in any country before its usual commencement in that country) :early spring, veris principium; ver primum :early summer, nova æstas (i. e., the beginning of summer; opposed to æstas adulta, the middle; æstas præceps, the end).An early death, præmatura mors (happening before the average age of man); immatura mors (happening before one’s work in life is done; e. g., negavi posse mortem immaturam esse consulari, Cicero, because he who has been consul has reached the highest rank in the state, and may be considered to have finished his course; opposed to matura mors).From his early or earliest youth, a primis temporibus ætatis ; ab initio ætatis ; a puero ; a pueris (the last, when more than one are spoken of, or a person speaks of himself in the plural) :in early youth, puerilibus annis; ineunte ætate ; primis annis ætatis.Labor in the early morning, opera matutina :the early morning, tempus matutinum or antelucanum [vid. EARLY, adv.] :an early pear, pirum præcox :early beans, faba matura, præmatura, præcox (with distinction given above); early peas, pisum maturum, præmaturum, præcox :early service (in a church), * sacra matutina or (if before it is light) antelucana.

EARLY, adverb, || In the morning, mane : tempore or die matutino :very early in the morning, bene or multo mane; prima luce; sub lucem (near day-break); primo diluculo ; hora diei prima et adhuc dubio die :so early, tanto mane :what do you want so early? quid tu tam mane? early this morning, hodie mane, hodierno die mane :early to-morrow (morning), eras mane :early the day after to-morrow, postridie mane :early yesterday morning, hesterno die mane. || Early in the year, in life, etc., mature, præmature :immature [SYN. in EARLY, adjective], ante tempus.I could not come earlier, maturius venire non potui :not an hour earlier, non hora citius ; to die early, mature decedere (in Nepos, Att., 2, 1 ; of Atticus’s father, who died before his son was grown up); præmatura or immatura morte absumi (on præmatura and immatura mors, vid. EARLY, adjective).PROV. “Early to bed and early to rise,”etc.; vid. BED.

EARN, || Gain by labour, etc., demerere (e. g., grandem pecuniam) :quærere (strive to obtain ; e. g., manu, by manual labour) :assequi :consequi :comparare (obtain; assequi stronger than consequi, as more necessarily implying personal exertion) :to earn one’s bread or livelihood in any way, aliqua re victum quærere or quæritare :to earn money in anyway, aliqua re pecuniam sibi facere or colligere ; quæstum facere aliqua re :to earn immortality, immortalitatem assequi (Cicero); praise, glory, etc., laudationem, laudem, gloriam comparare (aliqua re or ex aliqua re) ; dignitatem, gloriam consequi. [Vid. OBTAIN.] || Make one’s self worthy of anything by one’s actions, merere :mereri : commerere :commereri (to deserve anything at once by anything) :promerere, promereri (to deserve as a suitable compensation for what one has done : all these of deserving either reward or punishment).

EARNEST, severus :serius (severus, who makes no joke; serius, what is no joke.In classical writers only severus of persons, and then improperly of things, considered with reference to the impression they make ; as, severa oratio; whereas seria oratio would be a speech made in earnest. Also severus denotes earnestness as seated in the mind. But severus also supplies the place of serius, especially in severior, severissimus, severitas, since there are no corresponding forms from serius, Döderlein) :gravis (serious; of persons or things that produce an impression by their constancy, earnestness of purpose, quiet firmness, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) gravis seriusque : austerus [SYN. in AUSTERE].Sometimes verus (true), non simulatus (not pretended).An earnest character, severitas :gravitas :austeritas (SYN. in EARNESTNESS) :to speak in an earnest tone, severe cum aliquo sermonem conferre (cf., Titinn. ap. Non., 509, 19) :to put on an earnest look, vultum ad severitatem componere, or vultum componere only. || Eager, acer : ardens : fervidus :fervens :calidus :vehemens :earnest prayers, preces acres :precum constantia.

EARNEST, s. serium (adj. ; opposed to what is in joke) :serium convertere (Plautus) :to combine joke and earnest, joca et seria agere.In earnest, ex animo :serio :in earnest ? bonane fide? to take in earnest what was meant as a joke, quod per jocum dixit aliquis, in serium convertere (Plautus) :to take anything in earnest, or turn anything to earnest, rem in serium vertere :In all earnest, verissime. || Earnest- money, arrha (Dig.); arrhabo (Plautus, Terentianus).To give earnest-money, arrham or arrhabonem dare :to give so much by way of earnest, arrhaboni dare aliquid (Plautus); arrhæ nomine dare aliquid (Dig.).To receive earnest, arrhabonem accipere :to have received an earnest, arrham habere. EARNESTLY, || Seriously, severe : serio :extra jocum (not in jest) :ex animo (from the heart) :graviter (with solemn or dignified earnestness). || Eagerly, enixe (e. g., juvare, suscipere, operam dare, etc.) :etiam atque etiam (with verbs of entreaty, petere, rogare, obsecrare ; Cf., not enixe with these) :studiose :acriter : ardenter.To wish earnestly, ardenter cupere.To look or gaze earnestly at anything, aliquid intentis oculis intueri ; intueri aliquid acri et attento animo ; aliquid intueri in eoque defixum esse ; aliquid studiose intueri (e.
g., rerum naturam) ; aliquid acriter oculis intueri (e. g., deficientem solem) :very earnestly, aliquid quam maxime intentis oculis, ut aiunt, acerrime contemplari (all Cicero).To speak earnestly, serio dicere :cum gravitate loqui :to set earnestly to work at anything, intento studio in aliquid incumbere.

EARNESTNESS, || Seriousness, severitas (as seated in the mind) :gravitas (as making an impression upon others) :austeritas (as avoiding the trivial and frivolous, and seeking for what is solid and real, even at the risk of being thought dull).A sad earnestness, tristis severitas : tristitia :tristitia et severitas. || Eagerness, studium :contentio :studium acre : strenuitas (as showing itself habitually in action) :to prosecute anything with earnestness, urgere rem (e. g., studia sua) :with all earnestness, omni cogitatione curaque in rem incumbere : ponere totum animum atque diligentiam in re; totum et mente et animo in re insistere :to do anything with earnestness, animi impetu agere aliquid.

EARTH, Tellus (as a whole, as the centre of the universe, and as a goddess ; opposed to to other bodies in the universe, or other divinities ; = Γαῖα, Γῆ) :terra (as the substance, “earth” [e. g., as thrown out of a trench, etc., terram manibus sagulisque exhaurire], and as one of the elements ; also used for Tellus, both as a body in the universe, and as goddess ;  γαῖα, γῆ ) :solum (as the solid element; especially opposed to water; hence, solidus, opposed to fluidus = πέδον  or ἔδαφος) :humus (as the lowest part of the visible world ; opposed to sky = also, of the mould thrown out of a pit, etc.,= χθών).Things which spring up from the earth, ea, quæ gignuntur e terra:to derive their nourishment (sap) from the earth, ex terra succum trahere (Cicero).To turn again to their earth, to return to earth, * in sua initia resolvi :to plant a tree in the earth, arborem terræ defigere (poetically, Vergilius) :on earth ( = in this world), dum erimus in terris (Cicero) :A heap or mound of earth, tumulus terreus ; terræ congestio :the fruits of the earth, terræ fruges :the earth’s orbit (round the sun), linea, qua terra cursum agit circa solem (after Serv., Æn., 10, 216).The inhabitants of the earth, terræ incolæ, or qui incolunt terram. || Potter’s earth, creta figularis :creta, qua utuntur figuli :creta, qua fiunt amphoræ. || A fox’s earth, vulpis specus (hole ; vulpis fovea is a hole to catch or keep him in) ; vulpis cubile.

EARTH, v. TR., infodere or defodere (both with in terram). || Earth up, terram adaggerare : accumulare (technical term in gardening, for heaping up earth to protect the roots of trees, Plinius, often).

Earthing up (of trees, etc.), accumulatio (technical term). || INTR., defodere se (used improperly by Seneca, Consol. ad Marc., 2, extr.) :se abdere (hide one’s self ) :in specum se penetrare et recondere (Gellius, 5, 14, 18; of a person).

EARTH-BOARD (of a plough), tabella addita ad vomerem (Varro, R. R., 1, 29, 2) :tabula aratro annexa (Plinius, 18, 20, 49, no. 3, §180; poetically auris, Vergilius, Georg.,1, 172).

EARTH-BORN, humo natus : terra editus (of persons, Tacitus ; terrigena, poetically). || Meanly born, terræ filius.To be earth-born, de terra exstitisse.

EARTHEN, terrenus (opposed to igneus, etc.: terreus not used in Golden Age ; in Varro twice, terreus agger, terreus murus). || Made of baked earth or clay, fictilis (made of clay, etc.) ; figlinus (made by a potter).

Earthen vessels, vasa fictilia or fictilia only ; vasa terrena (Plinius) :argillaceus is ” clayey,” ” like clay.”  EARTH-FLAX, Vid. ASBESTOS.

EARTHEN-WARE, fictile (any article of baked clay) :fictilia (collectively).

EARTHLING, terræ incola.

EARTHLY, || Made of earth, terra concretus, terrenus.

Earthly bodies, terrena corpora.”This earthly tabernacle,” corpus :to quit this earthly tabernacle, corpore solutum ad proprias sedes evolare; illuc ex his vinculis emissum ferri. || Relating to our life on earth ; e. g., “earthly things” (goods, |etc.), res externæ et ad corpus pertinentes ; res externæ (general term); res terrenæ is only esslesiastical Latin; res humanæ.Think of the shortness of this earthly life, cogita brevitatem hujus spatii.This our earthly life, vita, quæ corpore et spiritu continetur (Cicero).

Earthly pleasure, voluptas humana or corporis :earthly prosperity, felicitas humana :our earthly wants, usus viræ necessarii; res ad vivendum necessariæ. || Found upon the earth, existing on the earth, terrestris (opposed to cœlestis, also ærius, aquatilis).Heavenly and earthly things, res cœlestes atque terrestres (Cicero).|| Unspirilual, * a rebus divinis alienus :sometimes by genitive, corporis (e. g., corporis voluptas).An earthly-minded man, homo voluptarius.

Earthly-mindedness, * voluptatum studium or amor. OBS. “Earthly” is sometimes used hyperbolically to add emphasis to an assertion; e. g., ” not to learn one earthly thing,” nihil prorsus :you have no earthly reason to fear, nihil est, quod timeas.

EARTH-NUT, * bunium (Linnæus).

EARTHQUAKE, terræ motus ; terræ tremor (e. g., terræ tremore prolabi).There is an earthquake, terra movet, movetur, or tremit ; terræ intremiscunt :there was a violent earthquake, terra ingenti concussu mota est :to be destroyed or thrown down by an earthquake, terræ motibus convelli or conquassari.

EARTH-WORM, vermis terrenus : lumbricus (properly, worm in the intestines, but also earth-worm, Columella).

EARTHY, terrosus (containing earth, consisting of earth, Vitruvius, very rare). || Earthly, vid.

EASE, s. || Rest, etc., quies (rest absolutely) :requies (rest after previous exertion) :otium (state of being free from the calls of business) :tranquillitas (freedom from the storms of life, from what is agitating) ; sometimes inertia : desidia (laziness, languor).A life of ease, otiosa vita (free from engrossing business).To enjoy not a moment of ease, nullam partem quietis capere :to seek a life of ease (i. e., withdrawn from public business), in otium se conferre (general term); a negotiis publicis se removere. To be at one’s ease (i. e., without agitation of mind), tranquillo animo et quieto frui :to set anybody’s mind at ease, alicujus animum tranquillare or sedare (opposed to alicujus animum perturbare) ; exonerare aliquem metu (e. g., civitatem, Livius); levare aliquem (e. g., me levarat adventus tuus, Cicero).To set one’s conscience at ease, exonerare conscientiam (Curtius), or liberare et exonerare fidem suam (Livius).PROV. To take one’s ease, and be merry, delicate et molliter vivere :facere sibi suaviter :benigne se tractare (general terms); largiter se invitare (also with cibo vinoque, Cort., Fragm. Sallustius, 4, 3, 13, p. 991); pelliculam or cutem (bene) curare (Schmid, Horatius, Ep., 1, 2, 29).To be at one’s ease ( = in good circumstances), in rebus secundis esse ; in bona conditione esse ; bene, beate or commode vivere :to consult one’s ease, to take one’s ease, dedere se desidiæ ; dare se languori :fond of his ease, in labore remissus nimis parumque patiens (Nepos); iners, deses. || Unconstraint, etc., facilitas (e. g., of pronunciation or delivery, Quintilianus) :levitas (e. g., verborum, natural and unaffected smoothness) :simplicitas (e. g., morum). || Easiness (opposed to difficulty), facilitas. With ease [vid. EASILY]. || Chapel of ease, * ecclesiæ parochialis filia (Eccl.).

EASE, v., exonerare (to disburden; e. g., conscientiam, fidem suam, one’s conscience) :levare, allevare (lighten the pressure of anything, levare inopiam, curam, sollicitudinem, aliquem metu ; allevare ærumnas, sollicitudines) :sublevare (res adversas, etc. ; also to support) :laxare (to diminish the tension of anything, properly and figuratively ; e. g., vim morbi, Curtius ; also animum, Cicero ; laborem, Livius; iram, Stat.) :expedire :explicare (to facilitate the progress of anything ; e. g., expedire negotia ; explicare et expedire negotia, Cæsar ; expedire onera, Hirtius). || Assuage, lenire :mitigare :mollire :allevare :sublevare :temperare. [SYN. in ALLEVIATE.] To ease pain, dolorem lenire or mitigare; grief or sorrow, levare luctum or aliquem luctu ; anybody’s trouble, vexation, etc., levare or expedire aliquem molestia or molestiis (Cicero). || With ” of before the thing, levare aliquem aliqua re (e. g., metu, luctu, from fear, sorrow, etc.).[Vid. To FREE.]To ease anybody of some portion of his toil, partem laboris alicui minuere.

EASEFUL, tranquillus :quietus : placidus : pacatus.

EASEL, machina (Plinius, 35, 10, 37).

EASELESS, inquietus.

EASEMENT, levatio :alleviatio (as act) :levamen : levamentum :allevamentum (as thing) :laxamentum :to procure some easement of anything, levationem invenire alicui rei :to afford or administer some easement, habere levationem alicui rei (of things) ; levationi or levamento esse. || A chair of easement, lasanum :sella pertusa, or sella only.

EASILY, facile (Cf., not faciliter [vid. Quintilianus, 1, 6, 17], nor facili, de facili) :temere (onty in negative sentences) :nullo negotio :sine negotio (without any difficulty) :commode (adroitly, etc.).Not easily, non or haud facile; non temere :not easily any or ever, non temere ullus, unquam, etc.; nullus temere.Obs., “Easily” is often translated in other ways :to be easily enraged, proclivem esse ad iram; iracundum esse :to be easily explained, facilem explicatum habere (Cicero) :a distinction that is easily drawn, facilis et expedita distinctio :a cause that is easily perceived, facilis et explicata causa :this is, or may be, easily done, hoc nihil habet negotii :food that is easily digested, cibus facilis ad concoquendum :those who make no resistance
are easily conquered, facile est vincere non repugnantes :to be easily climbed, facili esse ascensu :it is easily understood or seen, that, etc., facile est ad intelligendum ; in procinctu est (Cf., not in proclivi est in the Golden Age).|| Tranquilly, etc., quiete :placide :otiose : quieto animo :placato or sedato animo :tranquille :sedate : placide (with unruffled temper, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) tranquille et placide; sedate placideque : to bear anything easily, placide or sedate ferre aliquid; ferre aliquid molliter (Cicero ; but nimis molliter pati is ” too sensitively,” Sallustius) :not to bear it easily, or take it easily, aliquid ægre ferre; sollicitum esse de re. || Readily, facile : haud gravate :animo libenti :animo libenti proclivoque : animo prompto paratoque. || Without much exertion; one who takes things easily, laboris fugiens :to take it easily, laborem fugere, declinare. || Naturally; in an unconstrained manner, simpliciter.

EASINESS, facilitas (also of easiness of temper).To abuse anybody’s easiness of temper, facilitate alicujus immoderate abuti (Cicero).” Easiness of temper” may also be translated by indulgentia (if it shows itself in indulgence toward others), obsequium or nimia obsequentia (if it shows itself in too easy a compliance with their requests, etc.). || Easiness of belief, credulitas :credendi temeritas.

Easiness of belief forms a part of their natural character, temeritas illi hominum generi innata, ut levem auditionem habeant pro re comperta.

EAST, THE, oriens (general term) :pars cœli orientis solis : regio orientis (as a quarter of the heavens).To lie toward the east, ad orientem vergere; in orientem spectare :to look toward the east (of men), ad partem cœli orientis solis spectare :from the east, ex oriente :from east to west, ab ortu solis ad occidentem :in the east, in oriente (Sallustius). || “The East” ( = the eastern parts of the world), orientis (solis) partes (Cicero, Fam., 12, 5, 3), terræ, regiones, provinciæ, gentes.

EAST-SOUTHEAST WIND, phœnix (Plinius, 2, 47, 46, ed. Hardouin).

EAST-NORTHEAST WIND, cæcias.

EAST-WIND, subsolanus :It is an east-wind, ventus flat ab ortu solis.

EASTER, * festi dies paschales (Cf., not festum paschale); * Paschalia.The festival of Easter, sollemnia paschalia :

Easter-eve, * vigiliæ Paschæ (Krebs after Heusing. says Pascha, -æ, not -atis).On Easter Monday, Tuesday, etc., secundis, tertiis, etc., Paschalibus (so Krebs recommends, because the Romans said secundis, etc., Cerealibus, ” on the second day of the Cerealia”) :

Easter-week, * tempus Paschale.The Easter-fair, * mercatus post dies Paschales institutus.

EASTERLY, ad orientem vergens; in orientem spectans.An eastery wind, ventus ex oriente flans.

EASTERN, ad orientem vergens, spectans (of situation or aspect) ; genitive, orientis :The eastern nations, orientis (solis) partes (Cicero), regiones, terræ, etc. (not terræ orientales); Asiatici, Asiani (of the inhabitants).

EASTWARDS, ad orientem versus, in orientem (spectare, etc.), ad regionem orientis :ad partem cœli orientis solis.

EASY, || Not difficult, facilis (general term ; opposed to difficilis) :solutus, expeditus (free from difficulties, not entangled or intricate; opposed to impeditus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) facilis et expeditus ; solutus et expedims ; solutus et facilis :nullius negotii (causing no trouble ; opposed to magni negotii).Very easy, perfacilis ; perexpeditus :an easy passage, * locus expeditus ad explicandum :to be easy (of a passage), facilem explicatum habere (after Cicero, De N. D., 3, 39, 93) :an easy book, * liber facilis ad intelligendum :it is an easy matter, nihil est negotii; id facile effici potest :to whom anything is easy, solutus in re (e. g., in dicendo) expeditus, solutus atque expeditus ad aliquid faciendum. || Easy to, facilis or proclivis, with superlative in u; expeditus ad, with gerund in dum. Cf., And here observe that after facilis [and difficilis] other constructions are preferred : (α) facilis ad, with gerund in dum :easy to digest, or easy of digestion, facilis ad concoquendum :(β) with the infinitive present after facile [and difficile] est :it is easy to conquer those who offer no resistance, facile est vincere non repugnantes :(γ) by the passive voice, the adverb facile being then used; e. g., it is not easy to distinguish true love from pretended, non facile dijudicatur amor verus et fictus :(δ) by using a substantive instead of the superlative:e. g., it is easy to distinguish virtues from vices, virtutum ac vitiorum facilis est distinctio. To be easy to climb, or of ascent, facili esse ascensu :to be easy to understand, facilem habere cognitionem :to be easy to explain, faciles habere explicatus :not to be easy to explain, difficiles habere explicatus :it is easy to me to do anything, mihi proclive est aliquid facere (e. g., transnare flumen) :it is easy to perceive or understand that, etc., facile est ad intelligendum; in procinctu est (it is obvious ; Cf., not in proclivi or expedito est in the Golden Age).|| Attended with ease (i. e., freedom from anxiety, etc.), tranquillus, quietus, placidus; pacatus, sedatus [SYN. in TRANQUIL].To live an easy life, quieto animo vivere; tranquille vitam traducere :to be in easy circumstances, or to be easy in one’s circumstances, in rebus secundis esse; in bona conditione constitutum esse :make yourself easy, bono sis animo, or bonum habe animum. || Complying, etc., as to temper, facilis (easily persuaded, indulgent) :facilis ad concedendum (ready to yield) :indulgens (opposed to durus).Know that you are the most easy-tempered of mortals, te esse auricula infirma molliorem, scito (Cicero, Quintilianus, Fr., 2, 15, 4). || Simple, unforced ; simplex (natural ; of things and persons, also of behavior) :naturalis (unaffected, natural, opposed to fucatus, of things).

EAT, TRANS., edere (general term) :manducare (to chew, to masticate; e. g., a couple of mouthfuls, duas bucceas, Oct. ap. Suetonius) :vesci aliqua re (to eat it for the purpose of supporting life; to feed on it) :vorare (voraciously) :gustare (just to take a taste; e. g., only a little bread and some dates, panem et palmulas).

Eat up, comedere :not to eat much, paullulum cibi tantum sumere (at any given meal) ; non multi esse cibi (of the habit) :to eat very little, minimi esse cibi :to be able to eat and drink a great deal, cibi vinique capacissimum esse :to eat nothing, cibo se abstinere.To give anybody something to eat, aliquem cibo juvare (refresh him with food) ; aliquem cibare manu sua (feed an animal with one’s own hand; after Suetonius,Tiberius, 72) :to have nothing to eat, nihil est mini, quo famem tolerem :to get nothing to eat for two days, biduum cibo prohiberi :we must eat and drink enough to, etc., tantum cibi et potionis adhibendum est, ut, etc. (vid. Cicero, Cat., Maj., 11, 36).To give the cattle something to eat, pecori cibum dare, pabulum præbere. To eat anybody out, aliquem exedere, comedere, or devorare (comedy). || Eat up (anybody’s property), alicujus facultates, opes exhaurire :to eat anybody out of house and home, perdere aliquem sumtibus. || To eat one’s words, dicta retractare (Vergilius). || Eat away or into, arrodere (Plinius), adedere :to be eaten away by anything, rodi, erodi aliqua re (of metals) ; e. g., the iron is eaten away by rust, ferrum rubigine roditur :the bone is eaten away, os carie infectum est ; to a great depth, altius descendit caries (Celsus). || To cut into (of corrosive fluids), perrodere.

EAT, INTR., edere; cibum capere, capessere, sumere :to be unable either to eat or sleep, cibi somnique inopem esse (Ovidius) :the gods neither eat nor drink, dii nec escis nec potionibus vescuntur :to eat plentifully, largiter se invitare :to eat with a good appetite, libenier cœnare :the horse eats well, equus libenter cibo utitur. || To eat well (i. e., to be pleasant to the palate), jucunde sapere.

EATABLE, esculentus, edulis ; ad vescendum hominibus aptus (Vid. Cicero, De N. D., 2, 64, 106).

Eatables, edulia, -ium (all that is eatable except bread) :cibi, cibaria (general terms for food).

EATER, edens; qui edit.A great eater, homo edax :a great eater and drinker, vini cibique capacissimus :a little eater, homo non multi cibi :to be a very little eater, minimi esse cibi.

EATING, || Food, cibus, cibi :esca [SYN. in FOOD].

Eating and drinking, cibus potusque; cibus vinumque; victus.Moderate eating and drinking, temperatæ escæ modicæque potiones.Anything is good eating, aliquid jucunde sapit.Act of eating, by circumlocution.After eating, post cibum.

EATING-HOUSE, popina . [SYN. in PUBLIC-HOUSE, vid.] One who keeps an eating-house, popinarius (Lampr. and Jul. Firmianus).One who frequents eating-houses, popino (Horatius) ; popinator (Macr.; ; hence a glutton, riotous liver, etc.).To frequent eating-houses, popinari (Treb. Pol.; hence to gormandize, etc.).Belonging to an eating-house, popinalis (e. g., deliciæ, Columella ; delicacies from an eating-house) .

EAVES, protectum (general term for projecting part of the roof, Jur.) :subgrunda (Varro), subgrundatio, subgrundium (or suggrundium).Under the eaves, subter subgrundas ( Varro) : Cf., stulicidium is the dropping from the eaves.

EAVES-DROP, v., aure foribus admota sermonem captare (Terentius, Phorm., 5, 6, 27, sq.) ; also only, ad fores or ab ostio auscultare : subauscultare pariete interposito( Cicero); voces alicujus subauscultando excipere (Cicero).Let us eaves-drop, subauscultemus, ecqua de me fiat mentio.

EAVES-DROPPER, qui alicujus (nostro, etc.) sermoni auceps
est (Plautus, Mil., 4, 1, 9); qui sermones (hominum, etc.) aure foribus admota captat (after Terentius, Phorm. 5, 6, 27) :arbiter (one who, being uninvited, has heard or seen what has been said or done, Plautus, Mil., 2, 2, 3; Cicero, Verr., 5, 31, 80).See, also, the preceding word.

EBB, s., marinorum æstuum recessus ; æsptus decessus. At the time of the ebb-tide, minuente æstu (Cæsar).

Ebb and flow, marinorum æstuum accessus ac recessus; æstus maritimi accedentes et recedentes. || FIG., To be at a low ebb (by various expressions, according to the thing or state to which the phrase is applied) ad inopiam redigi ; in mœrore, in dolore, in mœstitia esse ; in malis esse or versari :My purse is at a low ebb, imparatus sum a pecunia ; a pecunia laboro ; in summa sum difficultate numaria.

EBB, v. recedere, decrescere :this fountain ebbs and flows three times a day, hic fons ter in die crescit decrescitque. The sea ebbs and flows, æstus maris accedunt et reciprocant :the waters are beginning to ebb, or the ebb-tide is beginning, æstus minuit (Cæsar) ; undæ recedunt ; æstus maris residunt, or se resorbent: the sea ebbs and flows twice in every twenty-four hours, bis affluunt bisque remeant æstus maris vicenis quaternisque semper horis :when the tide has flowed for six hours, it ebbs for the same number, quum sex horis æstus creverunt, totidem decreverunt rursus iidem (Varro).

EBONY, ebenus :of ebony, ebeninus (late, Hieronymus).

EBRIETY,

EBRIOSITY,Vid. DRUNKENNESS.

EBULLITION, bullitus (of boiling water, Vitruvius) :æstus (of fire, of the sea ; then improperly, of passions) :animi motus, impetus, ardor; vehementior animi motus or commotio (Cicero).An ebullition of rage, irarum æstus (†), excandescentia, iracundia.A sudden ebullition, repentinus motus (Cicero) :his anger entirely disappeared after the first ebullition of it, ex iracundia nihil supererat (Tacitus, Agr., 22).

ECCENTRIC, eccentros (ἔκκεντρος, Marcellinus, Cap., 8, p. 287). || IMPROPR., somnians (dreamer) :fanaticus (enthusiast) :qui contra morem consuetudinemque agit, loquitur, etc. :inauditus (unheard of, of things). (The words are found in this connection and order.) inauditus et novus : insolens (unusual, etc.).He is very eccentric, nihil æquale est illi homini (Horatius).

ECCLESIASTIC,

ECCLESIASTICAL,ecclesiasticus. || ” An ecclesiastic;” vid. CLERGYMAN.

ECHO, vocis imago (Echo, G. Echus, poetical ; rare in, prose, Plinius) :resonantia (Vitruvius) :sonus relatus :vox resiliens, repercussa, or reciproca (the sound echoed back).The clear echos of the valley, vallis argutiæ, Columella 9, 5, 6, who adds quas Græci ἡχούς vocant).To return an echo, vid. to ECHO].A place where there is an echo or echos, locus ubi resonant imagines; locus clamoribus repercussus :where there is a clear echo, locus argutus (vid. Voss, Vergilius, Ecl., 8, 22) :where there is a gentle or low echo, locus, in quo leniter se applicat vox :where there is an indistinct echo, locus, in quo vox repulsa resiliens incertas auribus refert significationes :a place where there is no echo, locus ubi non resonant imagines. To return a repeated echo, voces acceptas numerosiore repercussu multiplicare or multiplicato sono reddere. || IMPROPR., Anything is the echo of anything, aliquid alicui rei resonat tamquam imago (e. g., gloria virtuti).

ECHO, v. resonare :voci resonare :vocem reddere or remittere :voci respondere.

ECLAIRCISSEMENT, vid. EXPLANATION.

ECLAT, laus : gloriæ fulgor : splendor et nomen :the eclat of anything disappears, alicujus rei splendor deletur :to lose eclat, obsolescere :to give eclat to anything, illustrare aliquid (Cicero) ; to anybody, illustrare aliquem (with or without laudibus, Cicero) :to appear in the forum with eclat, enitere or elucere in foro :to aim at eclat, se ostentare ; in or by anything, ostentare aliquid.To do anything with eclat, clarum fieri re or ex re ; laudem sibi parere or colligere.

ECLECTIC, nulli sectæ addictus ; qui e fontibus aliorum arbitrio suo quantum quoque modo videtur, haurit (after Cicero, Off., 1, 2, 6).

ECLIPSE, s.,defectio :defectus :of the sun, etc., solis, etc. Cf., Eclipsis is post-classical and rare :it can only be allowed as astronomical technical term.

ECLIPSE, v. PROP., obscurare :to be eclipsed, obscurari (of sun, moon, stars) :deficere (of sun and moon). || IMPROPR. To eclipse anybody (not obscurare aliquem , but) alicujus laudem (of several, laudes), gloriam, famam, nomen, nominis famam obscurare : alicui fulgore quodam claritatis suæ tenebras obducere.

ECLIPTIC, linea ecliptica, qua sol cursum agit circum terram (Serv. ad Vergilius, Æn., 10, 216).

ECLOGUE, carmen bucolicum :poema bucolicum : ecloga (Plinius, properly an extract; then a poem, as the eclogues of Virgil and Calpurnius).

ECONOMIC,

ECONOMICAL|| Relating to domestic economy, * ad tuendam rem familiarem pertinens or spectans (after Cicero, Xenophontis liber de tuenda re familiari, qui Œconomicus inscribitur) :attentus ad rem :diligens (careful) :parcus (sparing; also = too sparing, penurious).Not to be ecomonical, largius suo uti (with reference to one’s property) ; rem familiarem negligere. || “Economics,” * tuendæ rei familiaris scientia or disciplina.

ECONOMICALLY, diligenter :parce.κυρικιμασαηικο  ECONOMIST, by adjective, under ECONOMICAL.He is a great economist of his time, magna est ejus parsimonia temporis (Plinius).

ECONOMY, diligentia : parsimonia, in anything, alicujus rei. From economy, rei familiaris tuendæ studio.Good economy in the management of the revenue, bona vectigalium ceterorumque fructuum publicorum administratio : œconomia is the due arrangement of the parts in a theatrical piece with a view to its effect as a whole. (Quintilianus, In Greek characters in Cicero). || The science of housewifery, rei familiaris administrandæ scientia.

ECSTASY, || Prophetic trance, secessus mentis et animi a corpore :animus abstractus a corpore : mens sevocata a corpore : ecstasis (Eccl.) :furor (of soothsayers, poets, etc.) :he is in an ecstasy, animus a corpore abstractus divino instinctu concitatur :to prophesy in an ecstasy, per furorem vaticinari ; furentem futura prospicere. || Rapture, summa voluptas :suavissimus voluptatis sensus :to be in an ecstasy, summa voluptate affici :in an ecstasy of delight, quasi quodam gaudio elatus.

ECSTATIC, || In a preternatural rapture, mente incitatus :divino spiritu inflatus or tactus : fanaticus :furens :funbundus :lymphatus :lymphaticus (when the ecstatic state is almost carried to a fury, to insanity).|| Rapturous, etc., suavissimus :to be in a state of ecstatic delight, lætum esse omnibus lætitiis; totum in lætitiam effusum esse.

ECTYPE, Vid. COPY.

EDACIOUS, edax :cibi avidus :cibi plurimi : gulosus : vorax. SYNON. in GREEDY.

EDACITY, edacitas (Plautus, Cicero).

EDDISH, fœnum auctumnale or chordum.To cut it, secare.

EDDY, vortex (a whirl of water or wind, drawing whatever comes within it to its centre) :turbo (eddy of wind, whirlwind) :an eddy of sound, * rotatio soni. || Back water, aqua reflua.

EDEMATOSE, Vid. ŒDEMATOUS.

EDENTATED, edentatus (participle of edentare, Plautus, Macrobius) :edentulus (Plautus, and late writers) :dentibus carens.To be edentated, dentes non habere ; dentibus carere.

EDGE, || Margin, margo :ora (the former as a line, the latter as a space ; especially of a border, an artificial, mostly ornamental, edging) :labrum (edge of something hollow, “lip’) :crepido (edge of masonry ; e. g., of streets, of banks, quays, etc.).Cf., The outer edge of anything is often translated by the adjective, extremus :the edge of a table, extrema mensa.The edge of a cup, labrum or ora (Lucretius) poculi ; of a shield, ora clipei (Vergilius) ; of a river, shell, margo fluminis (Varro), conchæ ; of a sore, margo ulceris ; of a wound, ora vulneris (Celsus) :edge of a garment, limbus (stripe woven in round the bottom of a dress) :instita (the long flounce, especially of Roman matrons, reaching to the insteps) :fimbriæ (tassels; a tasseled fringe) :clavus (a band sewed round the edge of a garment).OBS. segmenta, plural, were ornaments cut out of gold laminæ, and appended to the bottom of gowns, etc. Cf., Of an unornamented edge, none of these words must be used, but margo or extremus quasi margo vestis (Plinius). || Of a cutting instrument, acies ; of an axe, acies securis.To blunt the edge (of anything), aciem hebetare, or præstringere, or obtundere :to sharpen it, aciem trahere or excitare :the edge is growing blunt, acies hebescit.To put an army to the edge of the sword, omnes trucidare ; ad internecionem cædere :with the edge, cæsim (opposed to punctim, with the point)|| FIG., acies (e. g., auctoritatis). || Sharpness, (α) of mental powers, acies (ingenii, mentis, etc.). (β) Bitterness, amaritudo :acerbitas. || To take off the edge of hunger, latrantem stomachum lenire (Horatius).To set the teeth on edge, * dentes dolore or stupore quodam afficere. || Edge-tools, ferramenta acuta or aciem habentia.PROV. It’s ill playing with edge-tools, * quæ aciem habent, periculose tractantur :to play with edge-tools, per ignes incedere (after Horatius, incedis per ignes suppositos cineri doloso).

EDGE, v. || Border, prætexere (aliquid alicui rei, properly to fringe with) :marginare (e. g., viam, to raise foot-paths by its side, Livius).Sometimes cingere, circumdare or coercere aliqua re.A chlamys is edged with a border, limbus obit chlamydem (Ovidius).A garment edged with flounces, vestis limbata (late), fimbriata (Suetonius), segmentata; vestis, etc., fimbriis
hinc atque illinc pendentibus (Pelron.); vestis (purpura, etc.) prætexta. || Sharpen, vid. || Embitter, irritare ; exulcerare ; exacerbare (Livius) ; exasperare (Livius) ; exagitare; ira incendere. || To edge forward, paulatim promovere (aliquid in or ad aliquem locum) :paulatim admovere (aliquidad aliquem locum). || Excite anybody, [vid. EGG ON]. || INTR., To edge forwards; ” to edge on a point of wind,” Dryd., (of a ship), vento adverso tardius cursum conficere :to edge out of any scrape, etc., clam se subducere (withdraw secretly) ; paulatim se ex aliqua re expedire.

EDGED, [Vid. SHARP.]Two-edged anceps (e. g., securicula, Plautus ; securis, Ovidius).Cf., Not bipennis, unless the instrument has two pennæ, heads or blades ; e. g., like an axe.

EDGELESS, acie carens :obtusa acie :hebes :obtusus : retusus.

EDGING, Vid. EDGE ;especially “edge of a garment.”

EDIBLE, esculentus :edulis : ad vescendum aptus (vid. Cicero, De N. D., 2, 64, 106).

EDICT, edictum.To publish an edict, edictum soribere, edere or proponere ; edicere :to order by an edict that ; to publish an edict that, etc., edicere, ut etc. :to publish an edict, that – not ; or to forbid by an edict, that, etc., edicere or edicto sancire, ne etc.: edictum interponere, ne, etc. :to annul an edict, edictum propositum (publica sententia) irritum pronunciare.By edict, ex edicto.

EDIFICATION, * pietatis excitatio :for edification, * sanctitatis alendæ causa, * ut salubriter moneatur aliquis (G.), * ad pietatis or honestatis studium excitandum, alendum, confirmandum (K.).

EDIFY, * pios sensus in animo alicujus excitare (G.) ; or excitare atque alere (K.) ;* animos virtutis or rerum divinarum studio imbuere (K.) :to be edified, * salubriter moneri :to edify others by his life, example, etc., * vita, or exemplo in aliis honestatis, or virtutis studium excitare, or alere :his sermon has edified me, * oratio ejus pietatis sensus in animo meo excitavit or confirmavit :a means of edifying, * pietatis incitamentum, adjumentum (Bau.). || Build, vid.

EDIFYING, pius :bonus : utilis :saluber.To preach an edifying discourse, * apte ad pios sensus commovendos (alendos, confirmandos) in sacris dicere :* apte ad pietatis sensum (or virtutis amorem) excitandum in sacris dicere.An edifying book, * liber ad pios sensus excitandos (alendos, confirmandos) aptus or factus.

EDIT, edere librum (as technical term ; not in lucem edere).

Edited by A. (on a title page), edidit A.

EDITION, editio (e. g., Homeri versus, qui tamen non in omni editione reperitur, Quintilianus. It must, therefore, be retained as a technical term, though meaning a particular copy. Reisig allows this, but rejects the plural, editiones for editions. Krebs justly asks, why?).The Aldine editions, * libri Aldini (according to those who reject editiones).A first, second, etc., edition, * liber primum, iterum, etc., editus.To prepare a new edition, * novam editionem parare :to bring out a new edition, librum denuo typis exscribendum curare (Cf., librum repetere is bad Latin) :to print a large edition, * multa exemplaria libri typis exscribenda curare :the edition is out of print, * omnia exemplaria divendita sunt.The edition will contain everything, * editio habebit omnia.

EDITOR, * editor (to be retained as  technical term).The editors of Hesychius, * qui Hesychium ediderunt ; or * qui ad Hesychium edendum se contulerunt.

EDUCATE, educare (Cf., educere in this sense is mostly præ-classical, though occasionally used by Cicero ; e. g., quem procrearit et eduxerit, Or., 2, 28, 124; also Livius, Vergilius,, Tacitus, etc.) :alere (to furnish everything necessary for support; e. g., of a philanthropist, who adopts and educates a child) :tollere, suscipere (to take up a child after its birth as a sign that the person so doing recognizes it as his own, and will educate it; vid. Ruhnken, Terentius Andr., 1, 3, 14; Cicero, Ecl., p. 345).To be educated from one’s infancy in anybody’s house, a parvo or a prima infantia in alicujus domo educi.To adopt and educate a child, adoptare et educere; educere pro filio or filia. || To teach, erudire :excolere (Cf., not efformare).To be well educated, bene doctum et educatum esse; institutum esse liberaliter educatione doctrinaque puerili.

EDUCATION, educatio :disciplina (training and instruction ; either as received or given; vid. Herz., Cæsar, B. G., 6, 14) :eruditio (formation by education and instruction) :doctrina (learned education) :a delicate education, educatio mollis :a polished education, educationis deliciæ (Tacitus, Germ., 20, 2) :a finished education, eruditio institutioque in bonas artes, Aul. Gell. :a man of education, homo urbanus, vir humanitate politus (especially in respect of manners, etc.); homo eruditus (formed by education and instruction); homo doctus (of a learned education.) :a man of good education, homo institutus liberaliter educatione doctrinaque puerili ; homo bene doctus et educatus :without education, politioris humanitatis expers ; humanitatis inops :of but little (mean, ordinary, etc.) education, humili cultu educatus :to give one’s children a good education, liberos bene educare :to send one’s son anywhere for education, filium educandum or in disciplinam mittere aliquo :to intrust one’s son to anybody for his education, puerum alicui in disciplinam or alicui educandum tradere :to come any where for education, aliquo in disciplinam venire or (of several) convenire :to have received a learned education, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse :not to have received a sufficiently learned education, doctrina non satis excultum or non satis eruditum esse :to give anyone a poor education, humili cultu educare aliquem :a good education, liberaliter educare aliquem :a learned education, doctrina aliquem instruere; alicujus animum doctrina excolere :to receive a learned, scientific education, doctrina or literis erudiri.

EDUCATOR, educator (general term with reference both to physical and moral education ; originally of foster-parents, then also of pædagogi). (The words are found in this connection and order.) educator præceptorque (e. g., principis, Tacitus).To be an educator of youth, formare vitam juventutis et mores. Vid. TUTOR, TEACHER.

EDUCE,

EDUCT, educere. Vid. DRAW OUT.

EDULCORATE, edulcare (Mattius ap. Gell., γλυκαἰνειν). Vid. SWEETEN.

EEL, anguilla (* anguilla Muræna, Linnæus).He is as slippery as an eel, anguilla est, elabitur (Plautus).Fishing for eels, * captura anguillarum.

Eel-pond, anguillarium (Gloss.).

EFFABLE, quod dici, pronunciari, etc. potest (effabilis, late; Appuleius).

EFFACE, delere :exstinguere (general terms ; also figuratively) :inducere :eradere :obliterare [SYN. in BLOT OUT] :To efface the recollection of anything, memoriam alicujus rei delere or obliterare; an insult, contumeliam exstinguere; a disgrace, maculam delere, eluere ; anybody’s name from the register (Addison), nomen alicujus eximere de tabulis; anybody’s name from the list of senators, eradere aliquem albo senatorio (Tacitus); from a book, nomen tollere ex libro :the recollection of anything is gradually effaced, memoria alicujus rei sensim obscuratur et evanescit. Vid. ERASE.

EFFECT, effectus (both the efficient power contained in anything and the effected consequence) :vis (power) : (The words are found in this connection and order.) vis et effectus : efficientia (efficient power) :impulsus (impulse) :appulsus (the approach of an efficient cause, especially of the sun ; then, generally, the operation of one thing on another) :eventus (result) :The slow effect of medicine, tarditas medicinæ :to take effect, to be of effect, vim habere (not vim exserere) ; efficacem esse (of medicines, etc.) :to have the same effect, eosdem effectus habere :the medicine is taking effect, venis concipitur medicina; is of no effect, medicamentum imbecillius est, quam morbus :to have no effect, irrttum or frustra esse :to take effect upon anything, vim habere ad aliquid, or in aliqua re ; vim exercere in aliquid (Cf., not vim exserere in aliquid, which is not Latin) :to take effect on anybody, effectu esse erga aliquem (of medicines); efficacem esse ad aliquem (of medicines and other things) ; aliquem or alicujus animum movere, or commovere (of what affects  the mind) :to have great effect upon anybody, alicujus animum vehementer movere or percutere :prayers which seldom miss of their effect upon female hearts, preces, quæ ad muliebre ingenium efficaces sunt (Livius) :to have a different effect upon different minds, varie animos efficere :to have a good effect, boni aliquid efficere :to have a beneficial effect upon anybody, salubrem vim in aliquem exercere; alicui prodesse :to have an injurious effect upon anybody, alicui nocere. Without effect ; to no effect, sine effectu : frustra (in vain) : without any effect, sine ullo effectu :what is of little effect, or without effect, parum efficax (Cf., inefficax post-classical).To bring to full effect, perficere; ad effectum adducere or perducere (Cf., aliquid effectum dare, tradere, etc., is old Latin).To do in effect ( = to as good as do) may often be translated by quum with the indicative ; the sentence ” to do this is, in effect, to do,” being turned into the form ” when you do this, you do,” etc. Thus, this is, in effect, to say ; or to say this, in effect, to say, quum hoc dico (dicis, dicit) … dico (dicis, dicit ; e. g., quum in portum dico, in urbem dico) :to name these tribes was, in effect, to say that you had rather be tried by judges who did not know you than by judges who did, quum has tribus edidisti, ignotis te judicibus, quam notis, uti malle indicasti. || In effect, re
:revera : reapse :re et veritate (in reality, not in words only) :sane : profecto (assuredly) :non verbis, sed re :as it was in effect, ut erat (e. g., multis, ut erat, atrox videbatur ejus sententia). || The purpose or general tenor of a speech, etc. The speech was to this effect, orationis summa erat :the letter was to this effect, epistola his verbis conscripta erat; in epistola scriptum erat his fere verbis :a letter to the same effect, in eandem rationem scripta epistola :Cæsar said a good deal more to the same effect, multa a Cæsare in eandem sententiam dicta sunt :to that effect ( = end), that, etc., hac mente . hoc consilio (ut) etc. || Effects, res :bona.My, thy, etc., effects, mostly by neuter plural of possessive pronoun. I carry all my effects with me, omnia mea mecum porto.

EFFECT, v., ad effectum adducere (Cf., aliquid effectum dare, tradere, reddere, are præ-classical) :efficere :ad exitum adducere :ad finem perducere :absolvere :perficere. SYN. in ACCOMPLISH.

EFFECTIBLE,quod fieri or effici potest.

EFFECTIVE, efficax (general term Cœlius, ap. Cicero ; Livius ; not Cicero, or Cæsar) :valens (strong, powerful, etc., both of things, as medicines, proofs, etc., and of persons ; e. g., a logician, dialecticus) :fortis (strong, of medicines, etc) :præsens (exercising immediate influence; e. g., medicines : præsentaneus post-classical) :potens (powerful ; of medicines, arguments, etc., mostly poetical, and in post-Augustan, prose).”Effective of anything” (Bacon, Taylor, etc.), efficiens alicujus rei (Cicero), also effector or effectrix alicujus rei. Cf., Effectivus occurs in effectiva ars (Quintilianus, 2, 18, 5), ποιητική ; that is, neither merely contemplative nor terminating in the act (like dancing), but leaving some effect or product behind it.

Effective against anything, * valens adversus aliquid :to be effective, vim habere (Cf., not vim exserere) ; efficacem esse :to be very effective, magnam vim habere :we must take more effective measures, fortioribus remediis utendum est (Livius) :the engines now began to prove effective, opera jam erant in effectu.An effective cause, causa efficiens (Cicero) :quod alicui rei efficienter antecedit.To be effective of anything, efficientem esse alicujus rei (e. g., virtus efficiens est voluptatis). || As a military term, qui arma ferre or munus militiæ sustinere potest (from health, strength, etc.;cf. Cæsar, B. G., 6, 18 ; Livius, 22, 11) :the army consists of ten thousand effective men, decern millia in armis sunt.

EFFECTIVELY, efficienter (Cicero) :efficaciter (Seneca, Plinius ; in an effectual manner).

EFFECTLESS, sine (ullo) effectu : invalidus (opposed to fortis, valens, of medicines) :inutilis.To be effectless (of things), irritum or frustra esse.

EFFECTOR, effector : molitor :auctor :architectus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) parens effectorque.SYN. in AUTHOR.

EFFECTUAL, efficax :valens :fortis :præsens [SYN. in EFFECTIVE].An effectual remedy, valens medicamentum (Celsus); præsens medicina, remedium (Columella) ; effectual consolation, valens solatium (Seneca) ; effectual against anything, valens adversus aliquid :to be effectual, vim habere (Cf., not vim exserere); efficacem esse :to be very effectual, vim magnam habere :the medicine is effectual, concipitur venis medicamentum; is not effectual, medicina imbecillior est, quam morbus :to adopt more effectual measures, fortioribus reinediis agere :he thought that the most effectual measures should be taken to prevent this, ne id accideret, magnopere præcavendum sibi existimabat.

EFFECTUALLY, efficienter (Cicero); efficaciter (Seneca, Plinius) :non frustra (not in vain) :prospere (successfully) :potenter (powerfully ; Quintilianus).

EFFECTUATE, ad effectum adducere. Vid. EFFECT.

EFFEMINACY, mores effeminati :effeminatus animi languor (Quintilianus, Cicero, in Cicero, Epp.) :vita effeminata, mollis, delicata : enervata : mollitia or mollities ; or by circumlocution with effeminare [Cf., effeminatio very late].

EFFEMINATE, v.,TR., effeminare :emollire : deliciis frangere aliquem :nervos omnes mentis ac corporis frangere (Quintilianus). || INTR.,effeminari ; emolliri.

EFFEMINATE, adjective, mollis : mollis et effeminatus : delicatus : homo vulsus (an effeminate dandy, who has plucked out his superfluous hairs ; Quintilianus, 2, 5, 12).

EFFEMINATELY, molliter :effeminate.

EFFERVESCE, fervere :effervescere (properly and improperly; e. g., vinum effervescit; in dicendo stomacho iracundiaque effervescere).

EFFERVESCENCE, fervor (of new wine, musti; also improperly).

EFFETE, || Barren, vid. || Worn out with age, etc., effetus (e. g., corpus, Cicero ; vires, senectus, Vergilius) :senectute (Vergilius) or ætate (Sallustius) confectus :enectus (worn out by hunger and suffering) :obsoletus (worn out; properly, of garments) :hebetatus :retusus :obtusus (blunted; all properly, and improperly).

EFFICACIOUS, efficax (Cœlius ap. Cicero, Epp., and Livius ; not Cicero or Cæsar ; often by circumlocution with efficere, valere, vim habere). Vid. EFFECTIVE, EFFECTUAL.

EFFICACIOUSLY, efficienter (rare, but classical) :efficaciter (post-classical ; but not of rare occurrence).

EFFICACY, vis (power; or circumlocution with valere) :virtus (medicinal property of herbs, etc.) :efficacitas : efficientia (Cf., efficacia, post-classical, in the elder Pliny).In poetry, sometimes pondera (interdum lacrimæ pondera vocis habent, Ovidius).Natural efficacy, naturalis efficientia or potestas.

EFFICIENCE,

EFFICIENCY,efficientia. Vid. EFFICACY.

EFFICIENT, Vid. EFFECTIVE, EFFECTUAL.

EFFIGY, effigies, imago [vid. IMAGE].To burn or hang in effigy, * effigiem alicujus comburere or (arbore) suspendere.  EFFLORESCENCE, || Production of flowers; by circumlocution with florem mittere or expellere. ||On the skin, scabies (general term ; also on trees) :mentagra; mentigo (on the chin) :lepra (leprosy) :pustulæ (heat-spots on any part of the body) :porrigo (on the head) :rubores (redness) :boa (Lucilius, ap. Fest., Plinius; a disease in which red pimples rise in the flesh) :molestiæ (little troubles; on the face, etc.) :exanthema; plural, exanthemata (Marcellinus, Empir.; in Celsus, in Greek characters).

EFFLUENCE, || The flowing forth from, effluvium : profluvium. || What flows forth; by circumlocution with manare, fluere ; manare et fluere.There are many effluences from the moon, multa a luna manant et fluunt :the souls of men are merely effluences from the soul of the universe, ex animo per naturam rerum omnem intento et commeante nostri animi carpuntur.

Ex universa mente divina delibatos animos habemus. Our souls are effluences of the Deity, a natura Deorum haustos animos et delibatos habemus :those forms of Epicurus which he considers effluences from the surface of bodies, illæ Epicuri figuræ, quas e summis corporibus elicit effluere.

EFFLUVIUM, effluvium (the flowing forth; e. g., humoris e corpore) :id quod ab aliqua re manat et fluit ; id quod ex aliqua re effluit.

EFFLUX, || Act of flowing forth, fluxio (Cicero) :effluvium :profluvium. || Effusion, effusio (e. g. animi in lætitia, Cicero ; hence ” efflux of piety” [Hammond], * pii animi or sensus effusio). || That which flows forth, id, quod ab aliqua re manat et fluit; id, quod ex aliqua re effluit. Vid. EFFLUENCE.

EFFLUXION, Vid. EFFLUENCE, EFFLUX.

EFFORCE, || Break through, perrumpere (e. g. per mediam nostrum aciem) :perfodere (parietem) :effringerel (fores). || Ravish, vid.

EFFORT, contentio :intentio (as action) :labor : conatus :(The words are found in this connection and order.) conatus studiumque.To make efforts, niti : conniti :eniti ; vain efforts, inanes contentiones or impetus :superfluous or immoderate efforts, effusa contentio :to make great efforts, vires or nervos intendere, or contendere ; a very great effort, omni ope atque opera eniti ; in anything, acerrime agere aliquid ; obnixe facere aliquid :to make immense efforts, contendere et laborare ; omni ope atque opera eniti (ut, etc.) :to require great efforts, positum esse in labore :to direct all one’s thoughts and efforts to anything, omnem cogitationem ac mentem figere in aliqua re ; totum animum atque curam ponere in aliqua re; ad rem omni ferri cogitatione ; totum et mente et animo in rem insistere :to make efforts useless, conatum infringere :to make efforts above one’s strength, se supra vires extendere :to make vain efforts, inanes impetus facere ; in any matter, frustra conari aliquid :to make efforts above one’s years, præter ætatem facere :with effort, contente :with great effort, enixe :obnixe :with the greatest efforts, manibus pedibusque :not without the greatest efforts, non sine summa industria.

EFFRONTERY, os impudens, durum or ferreum : impudentia.A person of great effrontery, homo perfrictæ frontis.

EFFULGENCE, fulgor :claritas :nitor :spiendor : candor [SYN. in BRIGHTNESS.] The effulgence of glory, gloriæ fulgor.

EFFULGENT, clarus :lucidus :fulgens :nitidus : splendidus :luminosus , etc. [SYN. in BRIGHT].To be effulgent, effulgere (Livius) :splendescere : nitescere, etc.

EFFUSE, fundere, effundere, profundere aliquid : (in sacrifice) libare.

EFFUSION, effusio (aquæ, etc. ; also figuratively ; e. g., animi in lætitia ; hominum ex oppidis) :libatio (in a sacrifice).

Effusion of blood, cædes, or by circumlocution with cædem or sanguinem facere (sanguinem effundere, profundere = to shed one’s own blood).A victory won without any effusion of blood, victoria incruenta (Livius).

EGG,
ovum :A new-laid egg, ovum recens (opposed to ovum vetustum or requietum) :a raw egg, ovum crudum :an addle-egg, a wind-egg, ovum irritum or urinum :ovum silens (in which no motion of the young bird is heard) :the eggs are addle, ova carent animalibus (Columella) :an egg in which the young bird is formed prematurely, ovum abortivum :a hard-boiled egg, ovum durum :a soft-boiled egg, ovum molle :very soft-boiled, ovum sorbile (so that one can sup it up) :fried eggs, ova assa ; ova ex butyro or ex oleo fricta :to lay eggs, ova gignere, parere (Cicero), ponere, edere (Columella) :to lay small eggs, ova exigua facere :to sit upon eggs, ovis incubare (Columella ; or ova incubare, Varro); ova eniti (Columella, 8, 11, to hatch); ovis excludere pullos (to hatch) :to place eggs under a hen, ova gallinæ supponere (Cicero) :ova gallinæ (incubanda) subjicere (Plinius) :they are as like as one egg to another, nec ovum ovo similius (Plinius) :to tread as if he were walking on eggs, ire suspenso gradu; pedem summis digitis suspendere.The white of an egg, album or albumen ovi, albus ovi liquor : ovi candidum or candor :the yolk, luteum :vitellus.PROV.To teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs, sus Minervam, ut aiunt ( ὗς τὴν ‘Αθηνᾶν, Cicero) ; malleus manubrio sapientior (Plautus, Epid., 3, 8, 87).

EGG-SAUCE, * jus ovis mixtum.

EGG-SHELL, ovi putamen (Columella), or testa (Vegetius), or calix (Plinius).

EGG-SPOON, cochlear ovis utile (Martisalis, 14, 121).

EGG ON, impellere aliquem (ad or in aliquid, Cicero) :aliquem or alicujus animum incendere, concitare, excitare, incitare, impellere, commovere, stimulare; stimulis concitare ad aliquid; stimulos alicui admovere (all Cicero); perpellere aliquem (Livius).

EGLANTINE, * rosa canina.

EGOTISM, vana de se persuasio :jactantia sui :ostentatio sui :κυρικιμασαηικοimmodica sui æstimatio (after Curtius, 8, 1, 22).

EGOTIST, sibi valde placens (Petronius, 126, 9) :immodicus sui æstimator (after Curtius, 8, 1, 22) : cui omnia sua placent (Quintilianus).To be a great egotist, valde sibi placere : valde or magnopere se admirari.

EGREGIOUS, being used by us in a depreciating sense, should never be translated by egregius ( = favorably distinguished above others ; one of many).An egregious blunder, magnum mendum (Cicero) : vitium vel pessimum or vel maximum : vitium non inter minima (all Quintilianus).An egregious fool, homo stultissimus ; homo stultior stultissimo (Plautus, Amph., 3, 2, 25); stultus bis terque (after Cicero, Quintilianus, Fr., 3, 8, fin.).

EGREGIOUSLY, valde :vehementer :mirum inmodum : mirum quantum : incredibile quantum.To be egregiously deceived, vehementer, valde (Cf., never egregie) errare ; probe errare (comedy).OBS. Egregie is used in a good sense, except in Terence; also egregie improbus (Gellius).To be egregiously ignorant, vehementer ignorare (never egregie).

EGRESS,

EGRESSION,exitus :egressus : effugium (way of escape).To have an egress, patere.

EGRET, * ardea Garzette (Linnæus).

EIDER, * anas mollissima (Linnæus).

EIDER-DOWN, * plumæ anatum (Islandicarum) mollissimæ.

EIGHT, octo : octoni (distributive : eight a piece; eight each time, etc., and with nouns used in the plural, only ; eight letters, octonæ literæ ; but eight letters of the alphabet, octo literæ : each chariot carried eight persons, octonos viros singuli currus vehebant) :eight or nine, octo novem; octo aut novem :twice eight, bis octo :consisting of eight, octonarius (e. g., numerus; consisting of eight units, the number eight ; fistula, a pipe, the plate of which is eight inches broad) :eight years old, octo annos natus (octennis, Ammianus) :every eight days, octavo quoque die : transactis octonis diebus (at the expiration of every eighth day) :eight and a half, octo et dimidiatus or et dimidius ; octo et semis (the latter when the half is that of a whole which is divided into twelve parts [semis == the half of an as] ; thus, 8½  feet long, longus octo pedes et semissem ; not sesqui-octavus, that is, in the proportion of 8 : 9, or 8½, λόγος ἐπόγδοος , ῆ + ή ) :eight-twelfths (the whole being an as), bes (Gen., bessis ; as coin, weight, measure, etc. ; also = 8 ounces [unciæ] and 8 inches) :eight inches long, bessalis :a litter or palanquin carried by eight persons, octophoros (lectica) :eight asses, octussis (Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 156) :in the year eight, octavo anno :to drive eight horses (o/ the person so conveyed), octojugibus vehi :the eight (at cards, dice, etc.), numerus octonarius :eight times, octies :eight times a year, octies anno :eight o’clock, secunda (sc. hora) according to the Roman reckoning ; octava, according to ours :eight hundred, octingenti ; (distributive) octingeni or octingenteni (both in Priscian, 1353, P.) :consisting of eight hundred, octingenarius :eight hundred times, octingenties (late) :the eight hundredth, octingentesimus.

EIGHT-FOLD, octuplus ; octuplicatus ; (as substantive) octuplum :an eight-fold punishment, pœna octupli :to be condemned to pay eight-fold, damnari octupli :the field bears eight-fold, ager efficit or effert cum octavo.

EIGHTEEN, duodeviginti ; (less commonly) decem et octo : duodeviceni (distributively) :boys of eighteen years old, pueri duodevicenum annorum :eighteen letters, duodevicenæ literæ :but, eighteen letters (of the alphabet), duodeviginti literæ : eighteen months, sex mensium et anni spatium :eighteen years old, duodeviginti annorum ; duodeviginti annos natus :eighteen times, * duodevicies :eighteen times as large, * duodeviginti partibus major.

EIGHTEENTH, duodevicesimus :octavus decimus.

EIGHTH, octavus :

Every eighth man, octavus quisque :every eighth month, octavo quoque mense :for the eighth time, octavum (Livius 6, 36) :an eighth (part), octava (with or without pars) :a soldier of the eighth legion, octavanus; the eigth month, mensis October (in the Roman year), mensis Augustus (of our year).An eighth, octava (sc. pars, which may be expressed) :octans (of a circle; but it was a measuring instrument = 45 degrees, Vitruvius) :sescuncia (of a whole divided into twelve parts, like the Roman As).

EIGHTIETH, octogesimus.

EIGHTY, octoginta :octogeni (distributive).

Eighty times, octogies.A man of eighty years old, octogenarius ; also, octoginta annos natus.The men of eighty years old, senes octogenarii ; senes octogenum annorum.

EITHER – OR, aut – aut :vel – vel :sive (seu) – sive (seu).Obs.(1) Aut is objective, and refers to a real difference in the things or notions themselves :vel is subjective, and relates to a difference between them as contemplated by the mind of the person who is speaking or acting about them ; aut – aut, therefore, should be used when things are strongly opposed in their own nature, aut dives aut pauper; aut frigus aut calor; aut Cicero, aut Pompeius, etc. Aut – aut should also be used in the sense of either, or at least [aut in omni, aut in magna parte vitæ, Cicero, Tusc., 3, 17, 28]. Aut – aut may stand in interrogative and comparative sentences, and may follow negatives.(2) Vel – vel. In aut – aut the members necessarily exclude each other ; in vel – vel they only exclude each other arbitrarily, according to the view of the speaker, and it is not implied that they might not possibly coexist. Vel – vel sometimes approaches to the meaning of sive – sive ; i. e., the speaker conceives the things as different indeed, but not essentially, so that it is immaterial which is taken :pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim. The second vel may be strengthened by etiam, vero etiam, or omnino.(3) Sive – sive is the “either – or” of indifference, the speaker leaving it undecided, from ignorance or any other motive, which name, supposition, etc., is the correct one ; e. g., sive casu, sive consilio : sive felicitate quadam, sive bonitate naturæ, etc. In the best prose, especially in Cicero, sive – sive is used; with the exception, however, of Cæsar, who has often seu – seu. In post-Augustan writers, we have also sive – seu, or seu – sive. The second sive may be strengthened by etiam. (4) After negatives, the usual way of translating “either – or” is by (neque) – neque ; e. g., nemo unquam neque poeta neque orator fuit ; nihil loci est neque segnitiæ neque socordiæ [vid. end of Obs. 1, on aut].Not either – or, neque (nec) – neque (nec).

Either – or even, aut – aut etiam, aut – aut vero (the second being the stronger supposition) :vel – vel etiam; vel etiam vero; vel omnino. Cf., The aut or vel may be repeated three or more times.The first aut may also be omitted, just as in English ; we must (either) conquer or die, hic (aut) vincendum, aut moriendum milites.

EITHER (of the two), alteruter (either one or the other) :uter, utercunque (mostly “which,” ” whichever” of the two ; but sometimes = ” either;” e. g., si uter [orator et decumanus] velit) :uterlibet :utervis (either of the two indifferently) :utrum mavis (which of the two you choose).Nor did he wish to deprive the state of either army, neque rempublicam alterutro exercitu privare voluit :if any one had not been of either side, si qui non alteriusutrius partis fuisset :take or choose either, utrumlibet elige or utrum horum mavis accipe :in either way the consequence will be a great confusion, utrocunque modo summa sequetur confusio (Quintilianus 3, 6, 29).I have less strength than either of you, minus habeo virium, quam utervis vestrum :let either abuse the other, uterque utrumque vituperato.Not – either, neuter; on either ( = each) side, alterutrimque (Plinius, 20, 7, 26).

EJACULATE (dart out), jacere :ejicere :mittere (also preces).

EJACULATION, || Act of darting forth, jactus
(act of throwing); or by circumlocution. || Hasty prayer, * preces subitæ [Kraft gives preces jaculatoriæ as a middle-Latin expression].To utter an ejaculation, * preces subitas mittere.

EJACULATORY, by circumlocution, * subito missus (of prayers).

EJECT, ejicere (with ex or de; seldom ablative only, except with domo [ = out of the house, or out of one’s home] : cast out : also of casting up through the mouth; blood, sanguinem) :pellere aliqua re, ex or de aliqua re (drive away or out, domo, civitate, patria, foro or e foro) :expellere aliqua re, ex or ab aliqua re (drive out, domo, ex urbe, civitate, ex republica ; from one’s possessions, possessionibus ; from one’s country, a patria) :depellere aliquem aliqua re and de aliqua re (drive away : urbe, ex urbe, deprovincia) :exigere aliquem aliqua re, ex or de aliqua re (domo ; e civitate) :dejicere ex or de (cast out violently, especially as military technical term ; out of the fort, ex castello ; from his estate, de fundo).

EJECTION, ejectio (casting forth; e. g., sanguinis, Vitruvius) :exspuitio :exscreatio (of spitting forth ; e. g., blood) :dejectio (sc. alvi).|| As legal term for expulsion, dejectio (Cicero, pro Cæcin., 30, 57; ejectment from a property) :expulsio :exactio :ejectio (also from context = banishment from a state). Vid. EXPULSION.

EJECTMENT, dejectio (Cicero, pro Cæcin., 30, 57).Or by circumlocution with dejicere (e. g., de fundo).

EJULATION, ejulatio (Plautus, Cicero).

EKE, adverb, Vid. ALSO.

EKE, v., augere :adaugere (aliquid aliqua re) : addere (aliquid alicui rei). [Vid. ENLARGE.] || Eke out (one thing with another), supplere : explere (to add what is wanting) :pensare : compensare (aliquid aliqua re or cum re). || Lengthen, vid.

ELABORATE, v., aliquid conficere, perficere (complete) : scribere :condere (compose) :commentari. Cf., Not elaborare aliquid, which is found only in a doubtful passage in the elder Pliny. The verb itself is found in classical prose only in infinitive and perfect participle passive. || Elaborated, etc.:  vid. ELABORATE.

ELABORATE, adjective, magno labore confectus (in a good sense) :operose perfectus (Hirtius, B. G., 8, proœm.) :anxius :nimius :* nimia diligentia elaboratus perfectus : perpolitus :nimis exquisitus (e. g., munditia).

Elaborate elegance of style, anxia orationis elegantia (Gellius).An elaborate work, liber diligenter accurateque scriptus.Accurate without being painfully elaborate, accuratus et sine molestia diligens (e. g., elegantia, Cicero, Brut., 38).

ELABORATELY, curiose :accurate : diligenter :laboriose (Catullus and Celsus; but comparative and superlative, Cicero) :operose (e. g., nihil est tam operose ab aliis perfectum quod, etc., Hirt.).

ELABORATENESS, nimia diligentia or cura.

ELANCE, Vid. DART, HURL.

ELAPSE (of time), præterire :transire (to pass by) :* intercedere :interponi :interesse :interjectum esse (to be placed between one event or point of time and a subsequent one) :peragi :confici (to be spent) :circumagi (to roll round) :consumi (to be consumed) :effluere (to pass away rapidly and unprofitably ; not simply “to elapse”). Cf., Not præterlabi ; nor elabi, elapsus, except in the sense of slipping away unprofllably ; as Seneca; magna vitæ pars elabitur male agentibus. Hardly a year had elapsed since this conversation occurred, vix annus intercesserat ab hoc sermone :ten days had not yet elapsed, dies nondum decem intercesserant :after two years were already elapsed, biennio jam confecto.Nearly thirty years elapsed between the building of Lavinium and the founding the colony of Alba Longa, inter Lavinium et Albam Longam deductam triginta ferme interfuere anni :two years have elapsed, amplius sunt sex anni.

ELASTIC, * elasticus : recellens (Bau., after Lucretius ; terra retro recellit, 6, 573) :mollis (soft).Perhaps repercussibilis (what can be driven back ; Cœlius, Aurel., Tard.).

ELASTICITY, * natura or vis elastica :elasticity of the air, intensio æris (Seneca, Nat. Quæst., 2, 6, 2).

ELATE, elatus (aliqua re, lifted up by) :superbia sese efferens (Sallustius) :inflatus, with or without jactatione or insolentia.

ELATE, v., efferre aliquem :inflare :sufflare (puff a person up).To elate a man, inflare alicujus animum (ad aliquid ; e. g., ad intolerabilem superbiam, Livius).To be elated, se efferre or efferri (aliqua re) : by prosperity or success, secunda fortuna efferri ; secundis rebus intumescere or insolescere. || Raise, heighten (in a good sense), vid.

ELATION, elatio (act of lifting up; e. g., animi, virium) :fastus (insolent pride).

ELBOW, cubitum.To lean on one’s elbow, in cubitum inniti :corpus in cubitum levare. || IMPR. Bending, cubitum (e. g., oræ, Plinius) :versura (outward bending at the angle of a wall ; Vitruvius) ; of a chair, ancon ; of land, lingua : lingula. || To be at anybody’s elbow (= to be near him), sub manibus alicujus esse (of persons ; vid. Planc. in Cicero, Epp., 10, 23, 10 ; ad manum or præ manibus esse are of things) :to have anybody at one’s elbow, aliquem ad manum habere (e. g., servum).

ELBOW, v., cubitis depulsare (e. g., aliquem de via, Plautus, Stich., 2, 2, 13) ; cubitis trudere hinc et inde (e. g., convivas, Martisalis).To elbow one’s way, cubitis de via depulsare homines ; penetrare per densam turbam.

ELBOW-CHAIR, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata (Cœlius, Aur., Tard.) :cathedra (of Roman ladies).

ELBOW-GREASE ( = labour, hard work), contentio : labor : summa industria.

ELBOW-ROOM, PROPR.,* spatium, in quo libere or facile se movendi datur copia or facultas :locus laxior (Livius).|| IMPROPR.,campus in quo late vagari or exsultare possis, or campus only (opposed to angustiæ).To have plenty of elbow-room, late vagari posse.

ELD, Vid. AGE.

ELDER, major natu (opposed to minor natu) ; also major only : prior : superior (the one who lived first; e. g., the elder Dionysius, Dionysius superior).The elders, or one’s e., senes ; parentes (opposed to liberi). || In the Church, presbyter (Eccl.).

ELDER, s.,sambucus :arbor sambucea (* sambucus nigra, Linnæus).

Elderberry, sambucum (late).

Elder flower, flos sambuci : elder syrup, * succi sambucis expressi.

ELDER-TREE, vid. ELDER, s.

ELDERSHIP, ætatis privilegium (Justinus, 2, 10, 2 : not primogenitura). || Church-eldership, presbyterium (e. g., presbyterii honos, Cyprian).

ELDEST, natu maximus :the eldest of his children, vetustissimus liberorum (Tacitus) :the eldest of the race, stirpis maximus :the eldest of this generation, vetustissimus ex iis qui vivunt.

ELECAMPANE, inula : nectarea (sc. herba).

ELECT, creare ( the proper word of the constitutional election of a magistrate, or even a king) :capere (when the elected person is taken, without or against his will, from his family circle, as was the case with the Vestal Virgins and the Flamen Dialis) :legere (to choose with reference to the qualities required for the office) :eligere (to make a choice out of several persons ; not to take the first that comes to hand). (The words are found in this connection and order.) eligere et creare (e. g., a king) :deligere (to make a choice of him who seems fittest for the office in question) :cooptare (to elect a colleague into the body of which the elector is himself a member) :designare (to appoint to an office after a previous election) :declarare (to declare a person elected; said either of the presiding magistrate or of the people assembled in their Comitia).To elect a senator, aliquem in senatum legere or cooptare :to elect a man consul, aliquem consulem creare :to elect an arbiter, capere arbitrum :to elect anybody into the place of another, subrogare, sufficere aliquem in alicujus locum (subrogare of the presiding magistrate who proposes the person to the people, sufficere, of the people itself).

ELECT, as adjective, electus : a Deo electus (in theological sense).The consul elect, consul designatus.

ELECTION, || Choice, electio (act ofchoosing) :optio (liberty of choice) :arbitrium (free will) :eligendi optio ; also optio et potestas ; potestas optioque.Anybody may make his election to do this, etc., liberum est alicui aliquid facere (i. e., rather than something else, Cicero ; and also in Inst. Just., etc., for the power of an heir, legatee, etc., to accept or refuse the heirship, legacy, etc.).To allow anybody to make his election, alicui optionem dare, or facere, or deferre (all Cicero, not ferre : electionem dare, perhaps only in Velleius, 2, 72, 5) [Vid. CHOICE] ; potestatem optionemque facere alicui, ut eligat (Cicero); facere alicui arbitrium in eligendo. || Election to an office, creatio.In Latin often comitia, plural (i. e., the assembly at which a person is elected; e. g., tuis comitiis) :of a member of Parliament, * creatio senatoris Britinnici. || Day of election, dies comitialis :the day of your election, comitia tua.

ELECTIONEERING; the nearest term * ambitus, us, which, however, denotes only corrupt electioneering proceedings.

ELECTIVE, qui etc. eligitur.An elective monarchy, regnum, in quo rex creatur, non nascitur.

ELECTOR, || One who has the right of voting at an election, * qui suffragium or jus suffragii habet : elector (one who chooses, selects, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 4). || As title of a German prince, elector (technical term).

ELECTRIC,

ELECTRICAL,* electricus :electrical machine, * machina electrica.

ELECTRICITY, * vis or natura electrica.

ELECTRIFY, * vi electrica imbuere. || FIG., incendere aliquem or alicujus animum ; mirifice
or mirandum in modum afficere, percellere aliquem.

ELECTUARY, ecligma, neuter (Plinius).

ELEEMOSYNARY, circumlocution by stipem spargere, largiri (to bestow alms) ; or stipem cogere, colligere, or emendicare ab aliquo :to live by eleemosynary aid, aliena misericordia vivere ; stipe precaria victitare (Ammianus).

ELEGANCE, elegantia (fine taste in what is exterior; in composition, etc.) :urbanitas (in manners) :cultus amœnior (in dress) :nitor (neatness, polish in style) :concinnitas (with reference to symmetry, apt arrangement, etc.).

ELEGANT, elegans : urbanus (polite, polished) :lautus (literally, washed ; hence purified from all that is mean or unbecoming ; especially of mode of living, furniture, banquets, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) lautus et elegans (e. g., victus) :concinnus (suitably and artistically arranged, with reference to symmetry, etc., of the countenance, language, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) concinnus et elegans (Cicero ; of a person) :bellus (pretty, etc.; of what in form, manner of action, etc., borders on the beautiful ; of things and persons) :comptus (ornamented ; of language and orators). (The words are found in this connection and order.) nitidus et comtus. compositus (well put together; e. g., literæ ; then, also, of orators and oratory).

Elegant literature or learning, literæ interiores , reconditæ, exquisitæ (literæ elegantes not found).Cf., Of style, elegans relates not to rhetorical ornaments, etc., but to selectness in the choice and use of words, as marking refined taste.

ELEGANTLY, laute :concinne :belle : eleganter : nitide [SYN. in ELEGANT] : commode (sufficiently well, with propriety ; e. g., saltare, legere) :comte (e.g. dicere).To write elegantly, eleganter scribere :elegantly dressed, concinne et lepide vestitus (Plautus).

ELEGIAC, elegiacus (Grammaticus).

Elegiac verses, elegi :poetical circumlocution, versus impariter juncti (Horatius). || Mournful, vid.

ELEGY, elegia ( ἐλεγεία ; also elegion, Auson.) :carmen elegiacum (Grammaticus) :

Elegies, elegi.A short elegy, elegidion (Persius) :elegidarion (Petronius, 109, 8).

ELEMENT, elementum.The elements, principia rerum, e quibus omnia constant :the four elements, quatuor elementa :quatuor initia rerum :quatuor nota illa genera principiorum, e quibus omnia oriuntur :water the fourth element, quartum aquarum elementum.We alone bend the most powerful elements to our will, quas res violentissimas natura genuit, earum moderationem nos soli habemus. || Of a science, etc., elementa. [Vid. RUDIMENTS.] To be out of one’s element in anything, in aliqua re peregrinum atque hospitem esse.

ELEMENTARY, puerilis (such as is suitable for boys) :elementarius (once in Seneca, of an old man who, instead of advancing, still lingers among the elements of learning, or at the alphabet).

Elementary instruction, puerorum elementa :literæ doctrinaque puerilis :prima puerilis institutio :disciplina puerilis :doctrina puerilis :pueritiæ disciplina (all Cicero); * institutio elementaria.To give elementary instruction, docere elementa :tradere prima literarum elementa.An elementary school, * schola, in qua literarum elementa traduntur :elementary knowledge, * prima literarum or disciplinæ alicujus cognitio.

ELEPHANT, elephas : elephantus (in all cases; the former in nominative only, so at least in Livius, Krebs) :barrus (Horatius Carthaginian word).

ELEPHANTIASIS, elephantia (Scribonius, Larg.) :elephantiasis (Plinius) :elephantiosis (Vegetious) :suffering from elephantiasis, elephantiacus.

ELEPHANTINE, elephantinus.

ELEVATE, || Raise, lift up, tollere :attollere : extollere : levare : allevare (Quintilianus); efferre (also figuratively of lifting up with pride). || FIG., To elevate one’s thoughts to God, * animum convertere or evehere ad cogitationem Dei; one’s heart above the world, * animum ad cœlestia tollere (Muret.) :they cannot elevate their minds to anything noble or God-like, nihil altum, nihil magnificum ac divinum suspicere possunt.To be elevated (= elated), se efferre aliqua re ; efferri aliqua re ; by prosperity, secunda fortuna efferri; secundis rebus intumescere or insolescere.

Elevated to honors, honore amplificatus. || Detract from, remove, elevare (e. g., alicujus auctoritatem, facta, famam alicujus rei, etc.).

ELEVATED, altus :elatus :celsus : excelsus (properly and figuratively) [SYN. in HIGH] :editus (of places raised above the level plain; opposed to planus).

ELEVATION, || Act of lifting up, allevatio (Quintilianus) :elatio (e. g., onerum, Vitruvius ; figuratively animi, vocis) :levatio (onerum, Vitruvius) :elevation of the voice, contentio vocis (Cicero); sublatio soni (Quintilianus) :elevation of the mind, elatio, sublatio animi (the raising it to higher thoughts) :ascensio (its progress toward perfection, Cicero, Brut., 36, 137).|| Height, (a) locus editus :collis : tumulus (mound of earth). || (b) FIG., altitudo :excelsitas ( properly and figuratively) :eminentia (part that stands out; but also figuratively = excellence) :elatio (improperly, swelling of the mind, of language, etc.).

Elevation of mind, animi altitudo :animi excelsitas, elatio, eminentia :elevation of language or style, orationis elatio atque altitudo; orationis or verborum granditas ; verborum majestas or splendor :sublime elevation of language, sublimitas in verbis. || Act of praising, prædicatio. || In architecture, orthographia (Vitruvius, 1, 2, who defines it thus, erecta frontis imago modiceque picta rationibus operis futura figura).

ELEVEN, undecim. (distributive) undeni :

Eleven and a half, decem cum dimidio :

Eleven times, undecies (Cicero).

ELEVENTH, undecimus :An eleventh, undecima pars. For the eleventh time, undecimum :every eleventh man, undecimus quisque.

ELF (an imaginary evil spirit), incubo (Scribonius, Larg. ab incubone deludi); ephialtes (Macrobius).But these were supposed to be the cause of nightmare. [Vid. FAIRY.]

Elf looks, * intorti capilli.

ELICIT, elicere (ex aliqua re, ex or ab aliquo; literas alicujus ; verbum ex aliquo ; lacrimas ; sonum ; ignem lapidum conflictu ; also elicere aliquem ad or in aliquid, to entice him into) :eblandiri (to wheedle out) :evocare (to call forth) :expiscari (to fish out) :To elicit tears, lacrimas elicere, evocare, movere; a laugh, risum alicui movere, or (Seneca) evocare; secrets, arcana elicere.

ELICIT, adjective, ad affectum adductus or perductus.

ELICITATION (“the deducing of the will into act,” Bramhall); effectio :effectus ; * voluntatis or animi evocatio.

ELIDE, elidere (e. g., ignem e silici).”To elide the force of an argument ” (Hooker), argumentum refellere, or (Quintilianus) solvere.

ELIGIBILITY, circumlocution by dignum ease, qui (quæ, quod) eligatur (with reference to desert); lege nulla excipi, ne eligatur (creetur, designetur, etc. ; with reference to the absence of any legal disqualification).

ELIGIBLE, || Capable of being chosen, circumlocution by eligi posse : creari posse, etc. ; nulla lege exceptus, (or quem nulla lex excipit) ne eligatur, etc. (under no legal disqualification). || Such as one should wish to choose, dignus qui (quæ, quod) eligatur or deligatur; but mostly by commodissimus, optabilis :expetendus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) expetendus et optabilis (Cicero).An eligible opportunity, opportunitas idonea ; occasio commoda et idonea ; occasio bona et optata.More eligible, melius, optabilius, præstantius.Nothing is more eligible than this, hoc nihil optabilius, nihil præstantius.

ELIGIBLY, bene : optato :optabiliter.

ELIMINATE, amovere :eliminare ( = domo expellere, late; also “to carry over the threshold,” dicta foras eliminare, Horatius ; perhaps it may be retained for mathematical technical term).

ELIMINATION, amotio (removal, Cicero).

ELIQUATION, eliquatio (Cœlius, Aurel.).

ELISION, elisio (Grammaticus).

ELITE, flos (nobilitatis, juventutis, etc.); robur (militum); delecti (milites, heroes, etc.).  ELIXIR, potio medicata. Vid. QUINTESSENCE.

ELK, alces (* cervus alces, Linnæus).

ELL, ulna (by which cloth, etc., was measured, Horatius) :cubitum (the length or breadth measured off) :ell-wide, etc., cubitalis :two ells wide, etc., bicubitalis.To sell by the ell., * ad ulnam vendere.

ELLIPSE, ellipsis (technical term) :detractio (Quintilianus I, 5, 40). || In mathematics, * ellipsis.

ELLIPTICAL, præcisus (Grammaticus) : * ellipticus. To form an elliptical ceiling, lacunar delumbare ad circinum.

ELLIPTICALLY, præcise : præciso or omisso nomine (in rhetoric) :per defectionem (Gellius).

ELM, ulmus.Of elm, ulmeus.

ELOCUTION, elocutio (oratorical expression; the apt selection of words, arrangement of sentences, etc., φράσις , Cicero and Quintilianus : locutio (speaking ; mode of speaking, pronunciation, locutio emendata et Latina) :vox : oratio :lingua : lingua or sermonis usus (speech, in which sense Milton uses “elocution”) :splendida quædam ratio dicendi :softness of elocution, lenitas vocis (Cicero) :by the mere beauty of his elocution, ipso oris pressu et sono (Cicero, 3 De Or., 11, 43) :not so much by correctness as by the sweetness of his elocution, non tam bene, quam suaviter loquendo (ib.). || Eloquence, vid.

ELOGY, elogium (a brief title, inscription, or testimonial in praise or dispraise). || Eulogy, vid. Obs. In all Johnson’s quotations, elogy is used in the sense of eulogy, which
is not elogium. Vid. EULOGY.

ELONGATE, aliquid longius facere ; aliquid producere.

ELONGATION, productio (but only of lengthening a syllable, or of removing a point of time further off); circumlocution by longius facere.

ELOPE, effugere :* cum amatore, or cum amica domo profugere.

ELOPEMENT, fuga or effugium (flight), or by circumlocution with phrase given under ELOPE.

ELOQUENCE, || Readiness in speaking, facultas dicendi : facundia (Sallustius, Varro,, not Cicero, Cæsar, or, probably, Livius) :eloquentia [SYN. in ELOQUENT] :facultas eloquendi (readiness in expressing one’s self) :vis dicendi or orandi.To speak with great eloquence, eloquentissime dioere (de re).To possess remarkable eloquence, imprimis dicendo valere; dicendi facultate florere; dicendi gloria præstare ; ornate copioseque dicere. || As an art, ars dicendi :ars oratoria or rhetorica, or rhetorica only (general term) :dicendi ratio (as theory).Forensic eloquence, genus dicendi judiciis aptum ; eloquentia forensis. To devote one’s self to the study of eloquence, ad dicendum se conferre.

ELOQUENT, facundus (speaking with elegance and beauty) :disertus (speaking with clearness and precision) :eloquens (combining clearness and precision with, elegance and beauty) :exercitatus in dicendo : dicendi peritus (a practiced public speaker).Very eloquent, facundia validus, præstans ; pereloquens; dicendo admirabilis, divinus.To be very eloquent, dicendi gloria præstare ; imprimis dicendo valere :to be the most eloquent of them all, eloquentia omnes præstare.

ELOQUENTLY, facunde :diserte, eloquenter [facundr, not Cicero, or Cæsar ; seldom Livius, but in Sallustius and Varro].

ELSE, adjective, alius. Vid. ELSE = besides.

ELSE, || Besides, præterea; but mostly by alius or its derivatives.Somewhere else, alibi, alio loco :(to some other place) alio.From somewhere else, aliunde : and no where else, nec usquam alibi :nobody else, nemo alius; nullus alter (Livius) :nothing else, nihil aliud :what else? quid præterea ? quid aliud ? who else? quis alius ? Have you anything else to say ? num quid aliud tibi dicendum est? And whatever else usually happens, et quicquid aliud fieri solet :I have nobody else to recommend, alium, quem commendem, habeo neminem :κυρικιμασαηικοthey say that the enemy were afraid of him, and of nobody else, eum unum ab hostibus metui, præterea neminem :what else has happened ? quid aliud accidit ? || Other wise, aliter (in another manner) :alioquin (on the opposite supposition).Or else a large house is a disgrace to its owner, aliter ampla domus domino fit dedecori (Cicero, Off., 1, 39, 139).I think that this was but little desired in old times, or else we should have many instances of it, credo minimam olim istius rei fuisse cupiditatem, alioquin multa exstarent exempla (Cicero).”Or else” may also be translated by aut only.

ELSEWHERE, alibi : alio loco (to another place), alio.From elsewhere, aliunde.

ELUCIDATE, illustrare aliquid :lucem or lumen, or lucis aliquid alicui rei afferre (affundere erroneous), dilucidare (Auct. ad Herenn.). Vid. EXPLAIN.

ELUCIDATION, explicatio :explanatio : interpretatio : enarratio (running commentary on a writer).

ELUCIDATOR, interpres :expianator :enarrator. SYN. in ELUCIDATION.

ELUDE, eludere (to avoid a blow in fencing; hastas, Martisalis ; also pugnam, Livius ; manus scrutantium, Petronius ; vim legis, Suetonius) :declinare aliquid, or a re (to bend out of its way) :vitare, evitare aliquid ; fugere, effugere, defugere, subterfugere aliquid (the last, of doing it secretly) :tergiversari :ficte et simulate loqui (to elude the point, in conversation ; to avoid speaking one’s real opinion).elabi alicui rei or ex re (lo slip out).To elude a blow, ictum effugere; petitionem vitare; an attack, impetum alicujus declinare ; aliquem eludere :a question, alio responsionem suam derivare :a danger, periculum vitare, effugere ; periculo evadere :anything eludes anybody’s penetration, fugit aliquid aciem alicujus :to elude the law, legi (senatus consulto, etc.) fraudem facere :the law is eluded by anybody, fraus fit legi per aliquem (Livius 10, 13).

ELUMBATED, delumbis (Plinius, Persius) :lumbis debilis.

ELUSION, fuga :effugium ; declinatio alicujus rei. || Artifice, ars :artiricium; dolus.

ELUSIVE,The nearest adjectives are fallax :dolosus, etc. (deceptive ; of persons or things) :vanus (empty, unsubstantial; e. g., spes) :

Elusive of anything (Pope), effugiens, vitans, etc., aliquid.

ELUSORY, Vid. ELUSIVE.

ELYSIUM,

Elysium.Of Elysium, Elysius.

EMACIATE, macerare : extenuare (to make thin; alicujus corpus) :emaciare (to make emaciated, Columella) :facere (ut) macrescat aliquis :enervare (to weaken the nerves).

Emaciated, maceratus :enervatus :enervatus et exsanguis :macie tenuatus : tabie confectus (if the consequence of any wasting disorder).

Dreadfully emaciated, vegrandi macie torridus (Cicero).A body emaciated by abstinence from food, corpus parvo victu tenuatum. To become emaciated, macescere :macrescere :emacrescere : emacescere (Celsus) :emacrari (Plinius).

EMACIATION,macies :macritudo :macritas. SYN. in LEANNESS.

EMANANT, effluens, etc., or qui (quæ, quod) effluit, emanat, etc. Vid. next word.

EMANATE, effluere :emanare :profluere (flow forth) :diffluere (flow forth on all sides). || Arise from a source, emanare (e. g., nostra male istinc emanant, Cicero) :oriri :exoriri :nasci :gigni :Vid. ARISE.

EMANCIPATE, liberare ; from anything, re or a re ; in libertatem vindicare aliquem ; libeitatem largiri alicui (Cicero) :one’s self, se vindicare in libertatem [vid. To FREE] : Cf., emancipare was the legal act of a Roman father. || IMPROPR. To emancipate from prejudice, error, fear, etc., liberare aliquem aliqua re ; eximere or evellere aliquid alicui ; extrahere aliquid ex animo alicujus ; levare aliquem aliqua re :to emancipate a man from fear, metum alicui tollere, abstergere; metu aliquem liberare (Cicero); metu aliquem levare (Livius) :from idle fears, inanem timorem dejicere alicui :from error, errorem alicui eripere, extrahere, extorquere ; aliquem ab errore avellere ; one’s self from anything, se exsolvere aliqua re; se expedire ab aliqua re (e. g., from business) ; dejicere, depellere aliquid (to drive away ; e. g., fear, an error, etc.). Vid. to FREE.

EMANCIPATION, liberatio (act of freeing) :vacatio alicujus rei or a re (the being exempt from services) :depulsio servitutis (Cicero).

EMASCULATE,Vid. CASTRARE.

EMBALM, pollingere ; arte medicare ; condire.To embalm a body, corpus odoribus differtum condire.

EMBALMING, pollinctura [so G.; but Freund does not mention the existence of such a word], but mostly circumlocution by verbs.

EMBANK, moles atque aggeres objicere alicui rei; munire aliquid molibus ; coercere aliquid aggere, mole :a river, amnem defluentem molibus coercere.

EMBANKMENT, agger : aggeratio :moles (the stones or other materials, sunk into the water, as a base for the proper agger). Cf., If the embankment was a road, agger is not found without viæ (Vergilius, Tacitus) in classical Latin Embankments over a marsh, etc., pontes longi (Tacitus, Ann., 1, 63, 3).

Embankment to inclose a pond, margo.To make an embankment, molem, or aggerem, or molem et aggerem exstruere; molem or aggerem jacgre.

EMBAR, Vid. 1, SHUT UP ; 2, PROHIBIT.

EMBARGO, * navium retentio :To lay an embargo on ships, naves retinere.

EMBARK, TRANS., imponere in navem (naves), or (of an army) in classem (Cf., imponere navi, poetical). || FIG., To embark persons in an undertaking, implicare or impedire aliquem aliqua re :illaqueare aliqua re (all; get them invoiced in). || INTR., conscendere, with or without navem. To embark for Sicily, in Siciliam conscendere, or navi (navibus) proficisci :to embark in fair weather, bona et certa tempestate conscendere. || FIG., To embark in an undertaking, etc., descendere ad or in aliquid (e. g., in a contest, in certamen; in a cause, ad causam); se demittere in aliquid (e. g., in causam) ; subire aliquid ; ingredi aliquid or in aliquid; aggredi aliquid or ad aliquid ; implicari or se impedire aliqua re (involve one’s self in) ; se immiscere alicui rei (meddle with) ; committere se alicui rei or in aliquid (venture on).To have embarked in a war, bello implicitum, illigatum, or occupatum esse.To embark in a war, bellum committere (to commence ; Livius).

EMB ARKATION, conscensio in navem or naves (Cicero), or circumlocution by verbs.After the embarkation of the army, exercitu in naves imposito :after the embarkation of the cavalry, equitibus in naves impositis (Cæsar).

EMBARRASS, || Throw into confusion, implicare (properly, and figuratively) :turbare : perturbare :conturbare (perturbare. conturbare also = to alarm, confound) :miscere : permiscere : confundere : aliquem differre (to confuse anybody, so that he does not know what to say ; vid. Ruhnken, Terentianus, Andr., 2, 4, 5) :aliquem in angustias adducere (put him in a strait).To embarrass anybody’s plans, rationes alicui conturbare ; a man by uncertain answers, aliquem incertis responsis implicare ; persons’ minds, animos implicare or confundere. To be embarrassed, mente turbari : memoria turbari or memoria alicujus confunditur (if from want of recollection). [Vid. EMBARRASSED.] || Hinder; render the execution of anything difficult, impedire aliquem or aliquid ; in any matter, ab aliqua re, or only aliqua re (not in aliqua re) : 

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impedimento esse alicui (alicui rei) ; in any matter, ad aliquid (not, in aliqua re) :impedimentum afferre alicui rei faciendæ (all general terms) :obstare, or officere alicui, or alicui rei alicujus (obstare, simply to be an obstacle in the way ; officere = to interpose an obstacle purposely) :retardare aliquem ; in anything, ad aliquid faciendum ; ab aliqua re facienda ; in aliqua re (e. g., ad aliquid fruendum ; a scribendo) :interpellare aliquem (in aliqua re; to hinder him from the free exercise of anything).