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DOMICILE, Vid. ABODE, HOUSE.
DOMINANT, dominans (in aliquo or aliqua re) :superior. To be dominant, dominari (e. g., ubi libido dominatur, Cicero) :to be dominant, plus posse : superiorem esse.
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DOMINATE, dominari :dominari nimia potentia : prævalere : plus posse :superiorem esse.
DOMINATION, dominatio (opposed to libertas; despotic power, properly, and improperly ; Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order.) dominatio regnumque (Cicero).Vid. DOMINION, TYRANNY.
DOMINEER, dominari in aliquem ; superbe crudeliterque tractare aliquem (to treat tyrannically ; Cicero, Phil., 13, 8, 17; Justin., 42, 1, 3).
DOMINEERING, imperiosus : superbus (proud) :insolens (haughty toward others) :arrogans (arrogant) :in a domineering manner, imperiose :pro imperio (e. g., to order anybody to be off, aliquem discedere jubere) :superbe :insolenter : arroganter.
DOMINICAL, * dominicus (used by Columella).The dominical letter, * dominica litera (as ecclesiastical technical term).
DOMINICAN, * monachus ordinis Sancti Dominici ascriptus.
DOMINION, ditio :jus (power arising from a right which a person possesses over anyone) :potestas (might, power) :imperium (supreme command). (The words are found in this connection and order.) jus ditioque : ditio potestasque ; imperium ditioque :to be under the dominion of anybody, esse in alicujus ditione (potestate) or in alicujus ditione ac potestate; alicujus juris esse or haberi :to bring under the dominion of anybody, sub or in imperium (potestatem), sub jus ditionemque alicujus redigere; sub imperium ditionemque alicujus subjungere :to bring under one’s dominion, in ditionem suam redigere; ditionis suæ or sui juris facere :to be brought under anybody’s dominion, cadere sub imperium ditionemque alicujus :to have dominion over anybody, aliquem in sua potestate habere, in sua potestate et ditione tenere ; alicui imperare ; imperium or dominationem habere in aliquem :to have dominion over a country, imperium alicujus civitatis obtinere :to have dominion over the whole world, omnium terrarum dominum esse :to exercise dominion (absolutely), imperium tenere, imperare ; regnare (to reign, especially of the monarchy of a king; then general term of the .unlimited power of a governor in any sphere) :(Cf., dominari in aliquem means only to play or act the lord over anyone, to tyrannize over him). FIG., dominari (e. g., where the will has dominion, ubi libido dominatur) :fortune has dominion in all things, fortuna in omni re dominatur. || Dominions ; vid. REALM.
DON, princeps : vir clarus, etc.: potens vir.In our ludicrous sense of the word, to be a don., sese esse aliquem or aliquid putare.
DONARY, donarium (dedicated to a god, Livius, 42, 28).
DONATION, Vid. GIFT.
DONATIVE, || Largess; vid.
DONE (as form of accepting a wager), en dextram ! (here’s my hand !) ; cedo dextram ( give me your hand upon it).
DONJON, arx, or arx munitissima, or arx intra mœnia edita (Livius, 45, 28) DONOR, auctor doni or muneris ; Cf., donator and dator, unclassical.
DOODLE, homo deses, desidiosus or iners et desidiosus.
DOOM, v. || Condemn, damnare :condemnare (to anything, ablative or genitive, if it is money, etc.; but to the public works, mines, etc., in or ad; damnare in metallum, in opus publicum, ad bestias, Marcian., Dig.; condemnare ad metalla, ad bestias, ad munitiones viarum, Suetonius).|| To destine (of the gods, fate, etc) :If you are doomed to, etc., si fatum tibi est (with accusative and infinitive) :if he had been doomed to, etc., si fatum fuerat (with accusative and infinitive).How is it that I am doomed to, etc., quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.: Milo is doomed to be unable to preserve himself, Milo hoc fato natus est, ut lie se quidem servare posset.I am doomed to suffer the same fate, mihi eadem sunt patienda; or ego eundem fortunæ exitum laturus sum (if near at hand) :if the commonwealth is doomed, si jam fatum extremum reipublicæ venit :anybody is doomed to die by a fall from his horse, alicui fatum est ex equo cadere atque ita perire :he was doomed to suffer this, alicui hoc divinitus accidit.
DOOM, s. || Decree of fate, fatum :fati necessitas : necessitas divina. || Fated destruction, fatum extremum alicujus rei (e. g., reipublicæ, Cicero) or fatum only, or fati et exitii dies (Cicero). [Vid. DESTRUCTION.] || Judgement, sentence, etc., vid.
DOOMSDAY, [Vid. “day of JUDGEMENT”] || DOOMSDAY-BOOK, * liber censualis regni Anglici a Gulielmo primo confectus ; or * tabulæ censoriæ regni Anglici a Gulielmo primo confectæ.
DOOR, ostium (any opening for an entrance, especially in the interior of a house; Cf., the ancients usually hung only curtains, vela, before the entrances of the several apartments of a house ; more rarely they employed folding-doors, fores) :janua (a house-door) :foris, usually plurial, fores (as the doors mostly consisted of two leaves) :valvæ (plurial, double doors, i. e., folding back like a window- shutter) :a back-door, ostium posticum, posticum only (general term); pseudothyrum (a secret back-door, Cicero, post Red. in Seneca, 6, 14) :a front-door, janua :bed-room door, fores cubiculi :to be let in by the back-door, pseudothyro recipi (opposed to janua intromitti, Cicero) :to open a door to anything (figuratively), fenestram ad aliquid patefacere (e. g., ad nequitiam alicui, Terentianus); januam or (Cicero) aditum januamque patefacere (e. g., to glory, famæ, Plinius, Ep., 1, 18) :to enter anything by any door, aliqua janua ingredi in aliquid (Cicero ; figuratively) :from door to door, ostiatim :to open a door, ostium, januam, or fores patefacere, aperire (general terms) :fores reserare (to unbolt) :fores recludere (to unlock) :to shut a door, ostium, januam, fores operire (general terms) :ostii pessulum obdere (to bar); fores obserare (to bolt) : fores claudere or occludere (to close the leaves) :to knock at a door, januam, ostium, or fores, pulsare :to break open a door, fores effringere ; frangere januam (Horatius) :to attend at the door, ostium observare :to let in at a door, aliquem janua intromittere :to drive from one’s doors, aliquem januæ aditu arcere ; aliquem janua prohibere; aliquem excludere :to show anybody the door, jubere aliquem abire or discedere :to be at the door (figuratively), imminere or impendere :subesse (e. g., fames impendet ; mors imminet ; hiems suberat) :to turn anybody away from one’s doors, aliquem limine submovere ; repellere foribus (to drive away with violence) : prohibere janua ; excludere aliquem (not to suffer him to come into the house).To turn (a son) out of doors, abdicare filium. || To lay anything at anybody’s door, aliquid alicui acceptum referre ; aliquid alicui assignare (Livius); culpam alicui attribuere, assignare ; culpam conferre, conjicere, vertere in aliquem :the fault does not lie at my door, a me hæc culpa procul est :some blame, however, lies at your door, tua tamen nonnulla culpa est :the blame lies at my door, ego sum in culpa; in me est culpa; mea est culpa :all the blame lies at your door, tua summa culpa est.
DOOR-KEEPER, janitor (janitrix, if feminine) :januæ custos : ostiarius.
DOOR-POST, postis. Vitruvius calls the door-posts of temples antepagmenta (Dict, of Antiqq.).
DOOR-SILL, limen :limen inferum (if it is necessary to distinguish it).
DORIC, doricus (Plinius).To speak Doric., dorice loqui (Suetonius).
DORMANT, mortuus (used, in this sense, of laws that have become a dead letter, leges, Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mortuus et antiquus (leges, Verr., 2, 5, 18) :dormitans : oscitans et dormitans (e. g., sapientia, sleepy, inactive).To be dormant, jacere (e. g., of the art of a physician when there is no disease ; of justice, justitia jacet ; judicia jacent, Cicero ; of virtues when pleasure rules, and of money, Cicero).
DORMITORY, cubiculum (Cicero) :cubiculum grande (Plinius, Ep., 2, 17, 10) :cubiculum dormitorium or dormitorium only (Plinius) :cubiculum noctis et somni (Plinius, Ep., 2, 17, 22) :dormitorium membium (Plinius Ep., 2, 17, 9).The sitting rooms and dormitories, cubicula diurna nocturnaque (Plinius, Ep., 1, 3, 1). || Cemetery, vid.
DORMOUSE, glis : * sciurus glis (Linnæus).
DORSEL,
DORSER, Vid. PANNIER.
DOSE, || Portion of medicine, portio.But mostly by circumlocution. Take for a dose a piece about the size of a bean, quod Ægyptiæ fabæ magnitudinem impleat, satis est (Celsus) :a piece about the size of a vetch is a sufficient dose, ex his, quod ervi magnitudinem habet, satis est devorasse (Celsus) :one of them of the size above mentioned is plenty for a dose, unum autem ejusdem magnitudinis, quæ supra posita est, abunde est sumsisse (Celsus) :the dose of it is a piece of the size of a lupine dissolved in three cyathi of water, quod lupini magnitudinem habet, in tribus cyathis aquæ diluitur :to take a dose of medicine, accipere medicinam ; medicamentum bibere, sumere :to give anybody a dose of medicine, dare alicui medicamentum (ad or contra aliquid); medicamentum potui dare alicui (if a draught). || Share, quantity ; vid.
DOSE, potionem dare. Cf., potionare in low Latin; but Suetonius used potionatus, dosed.
DOSSIL, Vid. LINT.
DOT, s., punctum (properly, pierced with a short instrument, στίγμα ; but also of any dot ; e. g., in writing) :interpunctum (Cicero ; placed after a word).To look like a mere dot, quasi puncti instar obtinere
:to put a dot after a word, interpungere (Seneca, Ep., 40, 10; with the ancients only to distinguish separate words).
DOT, v. * punctis notare or distinguere.
DOTAGE, deliratio (the proper word, ista senilis stultitia, quæ deliratio vocatur, Cicero, Seneca, 10, 36).To be in his dotage, delirum esse : delirare :An old man in his dotage, senex delirans (Terentianus). || Excessive fondness. Vid. FONDNESS.
DOTAL, dotalis (Cicero).
DOTARD, delirus senex (Cicero) :senex delirans (Terentianus) :stultus senex.
DOTATION, dotis datio (juristical technical term), or by circumlocution with dotare.
DOTE, delirare. || To dote upon anything, * insano alicujus rei amore, or studio affici, or incendi (to love passionately) :aliquem in oculis gerere or gestare :aliquem in sinu gestare (to love with fond affection) :insanire in aliquam (Horatius, of the passion of love).
DOTINGLY, * insano amore : dementer (rare) :insipienter : stulte.
DOTTEREL,
DOTTREL, * Charadrius morinellus (Linnæus) :sea-dotterel, * Tringa Interpres (Linnæus).
DOUBLE, duplex (two-fold; a multiplicative; denoting the double as distinct magnitudes to be counted ; e. g., fossas, vallum, stipendium) :duplus (a proportional; representing double as continuous magnitudes to be weighed or measured ; duplex as adjective, duplum as substantive) :geminus (of which each is twin to the other; duplex denotes doubleness with similarity or equality ; geminus denotes similarity or equality with doubleness ; Döderlein) :geminatus (repeated over again in exactly the same form, etc.) :anceps (having two heads ; hence, figuratively, having two sides or directions ; that may be considered in two points of view.”In anceps there always lies the notion of what is doubtful, critical, or dangerous; not that of simple doubleness,” Herz. ad Cæsar, B. G., 1, 26) :bipartitus (divided into two parts).A soldier who receives double rations, miles duplicarius :a double victory, victoria geminata.THE DOUBLE, duplum :alterum tantum (for which duplex appears first in Livius) :bis tantum (Varro).A double victory, victoria geminata (Livius) :prœlium anceps (Cæsar, Nepos) :to make double, duplicare, geminare. A double cloak, amiculum duplex (Nepos).A double saw, ex omni parte dentata serra or serrula (vid. Cicero, Cluent., 64, 180).A double sense, ambiguitas (e. g., verborum) :suspicio ridiculi abscondita (double-entendre).A double sun, sol geminatus : soles bini (two seen at once, Seneca, Quæst. Nat. 1, 11, 1).A double door, fores bifores or only fores (having two leaves; if each is folded like a window-shutter, they are called valvæ).
Double-tongued, bilinguis (speaking two languages; also figuratively hypocritical, etc.) :ambigui ingenii (deceitful, etc.) :bisulcilingua only comedy, Plautus, Pœn., 5, 2, 74.A double tongue, ambiguum ingenium.
DOUBLE, s. || Twice as much, duplum; alterum tantum; bis tantum (Varro).|| A turn in running, flexus (Quintilianus).|| A trick, etc., vid. perhaps fiexiones :mæandri (after quos tu mæandros – quæ deverticula flexionesque quæsisti, Cicero ; but in him it is said of a person returning by by-ways, etc., under circumstances of disgrace).
DOUBLE, v. TRANS., duplicare (the proper word, properly and figuratively) :geminare (to put two things together so that they may appear a pair; to put two equal things together; e. g., legionum castra). || To sail round a cape, flectere promontorium (Cicero, Divin., 2, 45, 94) :circumvehi promontorium (Livius 10; also participle active circumvehens, as he was doubling, etc.). || To double down a leaf, * schedæ marginem replicare (marginem replicare, Plinius, 9, 33, 52). || INTRANS., duplicari. || To double and turn, huc atque illuc tergiversari : mæandros multos flexionesque quærere [vid. quotation under DOUBLE, s.] :to elude by doubling, flexu eludere (Quintilianus).
DOUBLE-DEALER, (homo) bilinguis (Plautus, Phædrus.) :callidus et simulator (Tacitus) :Vid. DECEIVER.
DOUBLE-DEALING, Vid. DECEIT.
DOUBLE-DYED, bis tinctus.
DOUBLE-ENTENDRE, suspicio ridiculi abscondita (Cicero).
DOUBLE-FACE, Vid. DUPLICITY DOUBLE-FACED, Vid. DECEITFUL.
DOUBLE-MEANING, ambiguitas (e. g., verborum).If = double-entendre; vid.
DOUBLE-MINDED, qui vario or mobili est animo. To be double-minded, animo or ingenio vario esse; animo or ingenio mobili esse.Vid. INCONSTANT.
DOUBLE-TONGUED, bilinguis :homo bilinguis.
DOUBLER, qui duplicat :Cf., duplicator very late; Sid.
DOUBLET, Vid. WAISTCOAT.
DOUBLING, fiexio :
Doublings and turnings, mæandri flexionesque (Cicero ; of the doublings and taking by-ways of a person returning in shame) :flexus (in running; e. g., qui cursu parum valent, flexu eludunt).
DOUBLY, dupliciter (in a two-fold manner or degree ; is always modal ; e. g., dupliciter delectari tuis literis) : duplo (by as much again, is proportional) :bifariam (in two parts or places, is local).
DOUBT, v. INTRANS.,dubitare : dubium esse : in dubio esse (to be doubtful) :dubitatione æstuare (to be in a state of agitating doubt or uncertainty ; vid. Cicero, Verr. 2, 30, 74) :animo or animi pendere (not to be able to make up one’s mind). To doubt about anything, dubitare de re (not with the accusative, in classical Latin, except of a neuter pronoun.) :to doubt a little, subdubitare.I doubt whether, dubito, num, etc. I do not doubt that, etc., non dubito, quin, etc. (Cf., not dubito, with the accusative and infinitive, is used in this sense by Nepos, but is better avoided; in the sense of “hesitate” it is classical).
Doubt not but that I shall do everything, illud cave dubites, quin ego omnia faciam :can you doubt that, etc…? dubitabitis, quin … ? Cf., Sometimes ” I doubt” is used in the sense of ” I fear ;” e. g., “I doubt he will not come,” vereor ut veniat. Vid. FEAR.
DOUBT, TRANS., Mostly by dubitare de aliqua re :to doubt your affection for me, dubitare de tua erga me voluntate (so dubitare de divina ratione; but a neuter pronoun will be in the accusative).
DOUBT, s. dubitatio (only in the sense of a person’s uncertainty and hesitation as to what he should decide; hence often with quin, ne, num, quidnam) :scrupulus (the thing that causes me to doubt and hesitate) :difficultas (the difficulty of a thing, as preventing one from getting at the bottom of it) :Cf., Whenever “doubt” is used to denote that one considers a thing as doubtful, uncertain, etc., the neuter dubium is used; but never substantively with another adjective, Hence, nullum est dubium; sine ullo dubio are barbarous. Without doubt beyond a doubt, sine dubio (Cf., not absque dubio) ; haud dubie; certe (undoubtedly ; e. g., hæc lectio sine dubio, or haud dubie, vera est; si deus scit, certe illud eveniet); sine ulla dubitatione (without any hesitation ; hence, hæc lectio sine ulla dubitatione præferenda est).”Without doubt,” may also be frequently translated by non dubito :without doubt all your friends have written to you, non dubito, quin ad te omnes scripserint :to be in doubt, dubium esse (of persons, and objectively, of things) : dubitare (of persons only; subjectively) :to be the subject of doubt, dubium esse; dubitari :I have or make no doubt, non, or nihil, dubito (that, but that, quin) :doubt is entertained, dubitatur; ambigitur.I am in doubt whether, dubito, num ; dubius, or incertus, sum utrum, … an :there is no doubt that, non est dubium, quin : nemini dubium est, quin.I cannot entertain a doubt that, hoc sine ulla dubitatione confirmaverim (with infinitive) :to cast a doubt upon, aliquid in dubium vocare, devocare, or revocare :to entertain a doubt about anything, dubitare de aliqua re (Cf., In classical Latin, dubitare does not take an accusative, except that of a neuter pronoun) :to put a thing out of doubt, aliquid haud dubium relinquere :to leave in doubt, dubium or in dubio, relinquere :a doubt arises in my mind, dubitatio mihi movetur or affertur; scrupulus mihi injicitur :to remove anybody’s doubt, dubitationem alicui eximere, expellere, or tollere (his hesitation) ; scrupulum alicui eximere ; scrupulum alicui or ex alicujus animo evellere :not to leave the slightest doubt in anybody’s mind, omnem dubitationem alicui tollere.
DOUBTER, qui dubitat, etc.: Cf., dubitator (Tertullianus).
DOUBTFUL, || I.Subjective, of persons, dubius (when one does not know what to choose) :incertus (when one does not know what conclusion to draw, or what resolution to take) :to be doubtful, dubium esse ; in dubio esse ; dubitare ; incertum esse ; animo or animi pendere.I am doubtful what to do, dubius, or incertus, sum, quid faciam ; incertum mihi est, or in incerto habeo, quid faciam ; dubius, or incertus, sum, utrum – an ; non satis mihi constat, … ne (appended) … an. || II.Objective ; that occasions doubt, dubius : incertus : anceps : ambiguus (dubius and ambiguus denote doubt with reference to success or failure; good or bad luck, etc.; anceps, with reference to the very existence of a thing; e. g., bellum dubia et interdum ancipiti fortuna gestum, Döderlein; ambiguus also refers to trustworthiness ; e. g., homo ambigua fide ; homo ambigui ingenii) :doubtful cases, ea quæ dubitationem afferunt :to be doubtful, incertum or dubium esse; non constare :to leave a thing doubtful, aliquid in medio, in dubio, in incerto relinquere :to become doubtful, in dubium venire.
DOUBTFULLY, dubie (opposed to pro certo; e. g., signum dubie datum) :dubitanter (doubtingly ; Cicero) :non sine dubitatione; or by participle dubitans :hæsitans :To speak doubtfully, dubitanter dicere (Cicero); dubitare (with hæsitare, se revocare, Cicero).
DOUBTFULNESS, Vid. UNCERTAINTY.
DOUBTINGLY, dubitanter.
DOUBTLESS, adjective, (obsolete), securus. Vid. FEARLESS.
DOUBTLESS, sine dubio; non dubie; haud dubie; certe.Vid. “without a DOUBT.” DOUCEUR, Vid. A PRESENT.
DOVE, columba :columbus (tame; -us especially of the male) :palumbes :palumba :palumbus (the larger; wood-pigeon, ring-dove ; -us especially of the male) :columbulus, columbula (diminutive ; as common as columbus, columba) :palumbulus (Appuleius, Met., 10, p. 249, 16; also a term of fondness for a person of the male sex) :My dove, mea columba (term of endearment to a female) :
DOVE-COLOURED, * columbinus (e. g., color).
DOVE-COT, columbarium : columbarii cella (general terms) :turris :turricula (standing on an insulated pillar in the court-yard).
DOVE-TAIL, securicula (πελεκυνωτόν, properly, ” little hatchet,” in carpentry, a dοve-tail ; Vitruvius 10, 17, etc.) :subscus (an iron that cramped two pieces of wood dove-tailed into each other). (The words are found in this connection and order.) subscudes et securiculæ (Vitruvius, 4, 7, of several).
DOVE-TAIL, v., * securicula compingere or * subscude et securicula compingere (of several pieces, or generally, compingere subscudibus et securiculis, Vitruvius 4, 7, in past participle).
Dove-tailed, securiculatus (Vitruvius 10, 15, cardines) :compactus subscudibus et securiculis (of several ; Vitruvius 4, 7).
DOUGH, farina ex aqua subacta (Plinius).To knead dough, farinam subigere, depsere.
DOUGHTY, Vid. BRAVE, ILLUSTRIOUS (as used ironically).
DOUSE, Vid. IMMERSE, PLUNGE.
DOWAGER, vidua, cui dos (a marito) legata est (after Instit. Justinus, si uxori maritus dotem legaverit, 2, 20, 1.5) :* vidua, cui annuum relictum est (after si cui annuum relictum fuerit, Ulpianus, Dig., 33, 1, 14), or, from context, vidua only.
DOWDY, mulier male vestita.
DOWER,
DOWRY, dos (which the Roman law divided into dos profecticia [ = quam pater mulieris dedit] and adventicia [ = ea, quæ a quovis alio data est, Ulpianus, Fr. 6, p. 134].To settle a dower upon a daughter, filiam dotare, filiæ dotem dare. Cf., The Roman terms were dotem dicere of the wife herself, or any debtor of hers whom she authorized, or any male relation; dotem dare or promittere, of anybody (Ulpianus, ib.).To leave the wife her dower, uxori dotem legare (Instit. Justinus, 2, 20, 15) :an action for the recovery of a dower, actio ad dotis repetitionem (Ulpianus) :to receive a dower, dotem accipere :not to be able to settle a dower on his daughter, filiæ dotem conficere non posse (Nepos) :the dower which a father settles upon a daughter, returns to him upon her death, mortua in matrimonio muliere dos a patre profecta ad patrem revertitur (Ulpianus) :to pay back a dower, dotem reddere.Having a large dower, dotata.
DOWERED, dotatus (with a large dowry).
DOWERLESS, indotatus.
DOWLAS, * linteum crasso filo.
DOWN, s. || Soft feathers, pluma :Swan’s down, plumæ cycni :covered with down, pluma obductus. || Down- like hair (properly, and improperly), lanugo (of the beard : of plants, arundinum, Plinius) :pappus (thistle-down, etc., pappi carduorum flores ; pappi volantes) :covered with a soft down like a spider’s web, araneosa lanugine obductus (Plinius). || Plain, * campus paullo editior.
DOWN, adverb and preposition, deorsum (downwards) :But mostly by de in composition.To bend down, deflectere, detorquere (with force) :to bow down (intransitively), inclinari ; se demittere :to bring down, deferre :deducere (to lead down) :to bring down prices, annonam levare or laxare (of corn) ; frugum pretia levare.Cæsar was brought down ( = reduced) to two legions, Cæsar ad duas legiones redierat :to burn down, deurere (e. g., pluteos turrium, Cicero) :concremare (to destroy by fire, tecta) :to be burned down, deflagrare (intransitively) ; incendio conflagrare (Cicero) ; conflagrari (Auct.ad Herenn.) :to call anybody down, devocare aliquem :to comb down, depectere :to come down, descendere; from, de :to come down in one’s demands, * remitto de iis, quæ postulavi ; remittere de pretio (to ask lest) :to cut down, cædere ; decidere (e. g., filicem, Columella ; rare) :concidere (hew down); trucidare :trucidando occidere ; obtruncare (butcher) :to cut down woods, silvas sternere dolabris (Curtius) :to draw down, detrahere (e. g., lunam, by enchantments) :to drop down ( = fall down in drops), destillare :to fall down, decidere (general term) ; procidere :deferri (with force; and down something along which one is carried) :devolvi (to roll down; e. g., jumenta cum oneribus devolvebantur, Livius) :defluere, delabi (softly and unperceived ; defluere, also of a garment, ad pedes, Vergilius) :to fall down stairs, scalis devolvi ; the steps, præcipitem ire per gradus) :to fall down from a height (of water), ex edito desilire :to fall down at anybody’s feet, ad pedes or ad genua alicujus procumbere (or alicui ad pedes, etc.) ; se demittere or submittere ad alicujus pedes ; accidere ad alicujus pedes (or alicui ad pedes) :to fall down on one’s knees, in genua procumbere :to float timber down a river, * ligna secundo flumine deferre : deferre ligna (of the stream itself ; Livius, 23, 19) :to flow down, defluere. delabi (to glide down) :decurrere (to run down) :to fly down, devolare (from, de) :to get down from his horse, ex equo (Cicero) or equo (Sallustius) descendere ; ex equo desilire (Cæsar) :to go down, descendere, degredi :to hang down, dependere ; from anything, pendere or dependere de aliqua re (also sometimes [1] ex ; pendere ex arbore, Cicero ; e trabe, Ovidius; [2] a or ab sagittæ pendent ab humero, Cicero ; pendent a vertice, Vergilius, and [3] ablativeonly ; pendent pinu, Vergilius ; hasta dependet humero, Vergilius ; aliquem laqueo dependentem invenire, Livius).Hanging down, dependens : pensilis (of what floats in the air).To help anybody down, alicui dextram tendere (to give him your hand) :to knock anybody down, aliquem ad terram dare : aliquem terræ or ad terram affligere : aliquem arietare ad terram (hurl him roughly to the ground; Curtius 9, 7, 22) : to lay one’s self down, procumbere (general term) :corpus sternere or prosternere (at full length) : decumbere :recumbere (on a couch, to eat or sleep) :to lay one’s self down, or lie down on anything, recumbere in aliqua re (e. g., in herba) :decumbere in aliqua re (e. g., in lecto).To lay down, deponere (general term) :to lay down a magistracy, magistratum deponere :de magistratu se abdicare (very seldom magistratum abdicare) ; magistratu abire :to lay down the command, imperium deponere ; their arms, ab armis discedere or recedere :to leap down, desilire (from, ex ; into, in) :to let one’s self down, se abjicere ; to anything, descendere or se demittere ad aliquid :to let down a curtain, aulæum premere or mittere (i. e., on the stage at the beginning of a play ; that being the Roman way of making the stage visible) :to look down, despicere :look down upon ( = despise); [vid. DESPISE] :to pour down, defundere :to press down, degravare :to run down, decurrere :to run anything down (figuratively), vituperando affligere aliquid ; aliquid abjicere et prosternere ; in pejorem partem rapere ; anybody, auctoritatem or famam alicujus elevare to send down, demittere :to sink down, (leniter) demitti(= fall down, vid.) ; desidere or subsidere (on the ground) :to strike down, decutere aliquid (e. g., of lightning; vid. KNOCK DOWN) :to throw down, dejicere : præcipitare or præcipitem dare (headlong) :to throw down statues, statuas dejicere, depellere (Cicero) :to throw one’s self down, se dejicere (from a wall, de muro ; from a rock, de saxo or ex rupe.) ; se abjicere (from a wall into the sea, e muro in mare; on the grass, in herba : Cf., not in herbam) ; se præcipitare (headlong ; de saxo ; in mare) :to totter down, titubante gradu degredi (after Columella 10, 309). || UPSIDE DOWN.To turn everything upside down, ima summis miscere or mutare ; summa imis confundere; omnia turbare et miscere ; omnia in contrarium vertere :cœlum et terras miscere. || Down the stream; down a river, secundo flumine or secunda aqua; also secundum naturam fluminis.To swim, sail, flow down the stream, secundo flumine or secunda aqua deferri; also devehi only (Tacitus ; devectus Tiberi, Arare, etc.). || To pay the money down, præsenti pecunia or numerato solvere ; pecuniam repræsentare ; in pecunia alicui satisfacere ; præsentibus nummis emere aliquid. || To run up and down, sursum deorsum cursitare (Terentianus). || Prov. to be going down the hill (i. e., of life), crescunt anni, decrescunt vires.
DOWN (as an abridged sentence) :down with everything, omnia sternite ferro (Livius 24, 38) :down with it ( = pull it down ; take it down), demite, avellite.
DOWNCAST, demissus :afflictus :mœrens (all three together, Cicero) :demissus et oppressus (e. g., animus, Cicero) :tristis et conturbatus (Cicero).To be downcast, esse fracto aninio et demisso ; esse animo demisso atque humili :demittere animum (Cicero), demittere se animo (Cæsar).[Vid. DEJECTED.]A downcast look, vultus demissus or oculi demissi(Livius; both properly) tristis vultus (sad countenance) :with a downcast look, tristis demisso capite (really, hanging down his head).
DOWNFALL, occasus (e. g., reipublicæ) :obitus occasusque (used by Cicero, in speaking of his exile). (The words are found in this connection and order.) obitus et interitus : casus interitusque (e. g., reipublicæ) :interitus (e. g., legum) :ruinæ (the downfall ; overthrow of a man’s fortunes, etc.) :exitium (tragical end of a person or thing).The downfall of the empire, totius imperii occasus :to try to effect anybody’s
downfall, alicui perniciem struere, parare, moliri :to conspire to effect it, consentire ad opprimendum aliquem. Vid. DESTRUCTION.
DOWN HEARTED, Vid. DOWNCAST, DEJECTED.
DOWN-HILL, as adverb, deorsum : as adjective, declivis (opposed to acclivis) ;the substantive being declivitas.
DOWN-LOOKED, [vid. “with dejected countenance” in To DEJECT] : tristis demisso capite : demissis in terram oculis (Livius 9, 38; i. e., fixing his eyes on the ground ; but sorrow may be implied).
DOWNRIGHT, || Absolute; without disguise or falsification, germanus (e. g., a downlight ass, germanus asinus, Cicero ; downlight irony, germana ironia, Cicero). (The words are found in this connection and order.) verus ac germanus. Often by the adverbs prorsus, plane; the adjective totus or summus; or nihil aliud – nisi; quid est aliud – nisi ?He is a downlight cheat and liar, totus ex fraude et mendacio factus est :it is downlight madness, to wait till the enemy’s forces are increased, exspectare dum hostium copiæ augerentur, summæ dementiæ est :what is this but a downlight defiance of Providence ? * est hoc nihil aliud, nisi Deo repugnare :quid est aliud hoc, nisi bellare cum Deo? (after Cicero, de Seneca, 2, 5) :not to do anything is downlight carelessness or laziness, aliquid non facere prorsus negligentis aut pigri est (Quintilianus) :this is a matter of downlight necessity, hoc est prorsus necessarium (Quintilianus) :who but a downlight fool? quis, nisi plane stultus ? (Cicero). A fellow of genuine downlight impudence, homo bene naviter impudens (Cicero).|| Simple, straightforward (of character). apertus : simplex : sincerus : homo apertæ voluntatis, simplicis ingenii.
DOWNRIGHT, adverb, simpliciter (in a plain straightforward manner). (The words are found in this connection and order.) simpliciter breviterque (e. g., dicere) :simpliciter et candide (in an open manner) :simpliciter et libere (Plinius ; opposed to dissimulanter et furtim) :plane, prorsus (quite) :sincere : sine fraude :aperte (all ; e. g., to speak, act, etc.) :recta via, (without digression ; e. g., narrare alicui aliquid).To deny a thing downright, infitiari, infitias ire aliquid :to refuse or deny a thing downright to any one, alicui precise negare; alicui plane, sine ulla exceptione præcidere (both absolutely).
DOWNWARD, adjective,declivis. || Depressed; vid.
DOWNWARDS, deorsum (e. g., ferri ; opposed to sursum).
DOWNY, plumeus (like down) :plumosus (covered with much down) :lanuginosus (of plants, herba, folium) :Very downy (of a plant, etc.), multa et molli lanugine obductus.
DOWSE, Vid. SLAP.
DOZE, leviter dormire : placide dormitare (to be sleepy; to begin to sleep).
Dozing, semisomnus, semisopitus (both Cicero) :still dozing, fere adhuc dormiens ; non satis experrectus (Cicero). || figuratively, To live, etc., in a drowsy state, dormire :dormitare in otio (Plautus) :oscitari et dormitare (Cicero).
Dozing, semisomnus (figuratively, Cicero).|| TRANS., soporare (Plinius, Celsus).To be dozed, semisomnum stupere (Livius 30, 5).
DOZEN, duodecim : duodeni (distributively ; and with nouns that have a plural, only : a dozen letters, duodecim epistolæ ; duodenæ literæ) :consisting of a dozen, duodenarius. DOZINESS, semisomnus sopor.By circumlocution with dormitare, soporari, somnus me urget, semisomnum esse, etc.
DOZY (figuratively), oscitans et dormitans, iners, piger, etc.
DRAB, Vid. HARLOT.
DRAB, adjective, Vid. BROWN, DUN.
DRACHMA, drachma.
DRAFF, Vid. DREGS, REFUSE.
DRAFFY, fæculentus (properly ; Columella, vinum).|| Worthless ; vid.
DRAFT (order for money), argentum perscriptum [vid. CHECK]. To pay by a draft upon anybody, pecuniam ab aliquo repræsentare (Cicero).
DRAG, s. || Car drawn by the hand, traha (without wheels; Columella 2, 20, 4 : a little drag., tragula, Varro, L. L., 5, 31, 39). || Instrument with hooks (for dragging a river to find a dead body, etc.), harpogo (general term ; for an instrument with which to snatch anything). || Dragnet ; vid.κυρικιμασαηικο DRAG, v., TRANS., trahere (general term in almost every meaning of the English verb ; fessum corpus vix trahere posse; trahere reos pedibus; aliquem tribus catenis vinctum ; Hectorem circa sua Pergama, Ovidius ; aliquem ad Prætorem ; virginem passis crinibus a templo, Vergilius ; and improperly ; animum exigua spe, Livius ; aliquem secum in eandem calamitatem :to drag on a wretched existence, vitam, Plinius ; and = “protract,” bellum, pugnam, aliquem diu ; rem in serum, Livius) :rapere (Cf., raptare, poetical ; to drag along by irresistible force with the notion of resistance on the part of the person dragged) :abstrahere :abripere (to drag away from or to a place) :to drag forth, extrahere (e. g., aliquem domo latitantem, Cicero ; aliquem elatebra, Suetonius ; senatores vi in publicum, Cicero ; also = to protract, rem, certamen, etc.) :protrahere (e. g., aliquem capillis in viam, Plautus ; aliquem ad judicium, Livius ; aliquem tenebris, Val. Max. and in Suetonius, etc. = “protract,” for which trahere, extrahere, or producere are used by writers of the Golden Age).To drag anybody to execution, aliquem rapere ad supplicium or mortem :to drag anybody before a court, aliquem rapere in jus :to drag anybody with one, trahere aliquem secum. Vid. To DRAW.
DRAG, INTRANS.,To drag (of a gown, etc.), verrere terram (after Claudius, Stilich., 2, 248) :to let it drag, trahere. || To drag for fish, * everriculo piscari or pisces capere. TO DRAG ON or TO DRAG ALONG, trahere :to be scarcely able to drag on one’s limbs, fessum (cursu) corpus, or membra, ægre trahere.To drag on a wretched existence, vitam ducere (mostly with an addition to state how ; Krebs.).
DRAGANT, tragacanthum (Celsus) :dragantum (Vegetious) :
DRAG-CHAIN, sufflamen.To lock a wheel by a drag-chain, rotam sufflaminare, or (Juvenalis) sufflamine stringere. DRAGGLE, TRANS., trahere (e. g., amiculum, Plautus).
DRAGGLE, INTRANS., trahi (Plautus ; e. g., sine trahi, i. e., amiculum) :verrere terram (after Claudius. Stil., 2, 248).To let his toga draggle., si decidat toga, eam non reponere (Quintilianus 11, 3, 149).
Don’t let your garment draggle, amiculum sustolle ocius.
DRAG-NET, verriculum :everriculum (distinguished from rete, jaculum, funda, casting-net ; Voss, Vergilius, Geo., 1, 141).
DRAGON, draco, serpens. (The words are found in this connection and order.) draco serpens (snake) :draco: anguis (the constellation).
DRAGOON, levis armaturæ eques : dimacha (as one who fights either on horse or foot; vid. Freinsh., Curtius, 5, 13, 8).
Dragoons, equites, qui prœliis sæpe ex equis desiliunt, ac pedibus prœliantur (Cæsar, B. G., 4, 2, mid.).But simply = cavalry, vid.
DRAIN, s.,incilis fossa, incile (for water) ; fossa percussa ad colligendum humorem circumjacentium agrorum (for collecting the water from lands ; Plinius, Ep. 10, 70, 4); cloaca (a sewer, explained, Livius, 1, 56, by receptaculum purgamentorum).A clearing of drains, i. e., sewers, purgatio cloacarum (Traj. ap. Plinius, Ep. 10, 4) :to open a drain, incile aperire; to make one, incile ducere.
DRAIN, v. (a field, etc.), siccare (general term, to dry up, paludes, agros, etc.) :fossis siccare (e. g., humidum locum) : fossas percutere ad colligendum humorem agrorum : * fossis percussis humorem agri colligere.
DRAINAGE, aquæ deductio.
DRAKE, anas mas.|| Ducks and drakes, testarum in mare jaculationes (Min. Felix) :to play at ducks and drakes, testarum in mare jaculationibus ludere (Min. Fel.); or testes teretes ita super undas irrotare, ut assiduo saltu subleventur (the game is fully described, Min. Fel. Expos. Is lusus est, testam teretem, jactatione fluctuum levigatam, legere de litore ; eam testam plano situ digitis comprehensam, inclinem ipsum atque humilem, quantum potest, super undas irrotare, ut illud jaculum vel dorsum maris raderet, vel enataret, dum leni impetu labitur; vel summis fluctibus tonsis emicaret, emergeret, dum assiduo saltu sublevatur.Is se in pueris victorem ferebat, cujus testa et procurreret longius, et frequentius exsiliret).To make ducks and drakes of his money, rem suam conficere or lacerare ; effundere, profundere, etc.
DRAM, || The weight, drachma (as weight ; Plinius 21, 34, 1 09).|| Colloquial; for a very little, tantulum (a favorite word of Cicero’s) :if there could be a single dram of difference, si interesse quippiam tantulum modo possit (potuerit, etc.) :not a single dram of, ne tantulum quidem. || The quantity swallowed at a draught, haustus :a dram of brandy, haustus vini e frumento expressi.A dram drinker, vini e frumento expressi potor or (Plautus) potator.
DRAMA, fabula : drama : dramaticum poema (Aus. Ep., 18, 5; Diom., 4, 80, P.; necessary as technical term).Vid. PLAY.
DRAMATIC, scenicus (Varro, Ling. Latin, 9, 11, 17) :dramaticus (δραματικός ; Diom., 4, 80, P.; necessary as technical term).The dramatic art, * ars scenica :dramatic poets, poetæ scenici :dramatic poetry, * poesis scenica :to give a dramatic description of anything, sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (Cicero, Tusc. 1, 4, 8). Vid. DRAMA, PLAY.
DRAMATICALLY, scenice ; velut scenice (e. g., fieri, Quintilianus, 6, 1, 36).To represent anything dramatically, sic proponere aliquid, quasi agatur res, non quasi narretur (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 4, 8); aliquid ita ostendere, ut non clarior futura sit spectantibus (Quintilianus 8, 3. 63).
DRAMATIST, poeta scenicus (Varro, L. L., 9, 11, 17).
DRAMATIZE, ad actus scenarum componere : loquentem, agentem
facere aliquem (to dramatize a character). DRAPE, v. || Make cloth [vid. CLOTH]. || Jeer, satirize; vid.
DRAPER, qui pannos vendit.To be a draper, pannos vendere, venditare.
DRAPERY, || Cloth manufacture, textrinum (sc. opus, weaving; Cicero). || Cloth; woollen cloth [vid. CLOTH]. || Drapery (as applied to the representation of dress in painting and sculpture), vestitus :amictus (dress) :rugæ, sinus (the folds, etc., of the dress).Any painter or sculptor is famous for his draperies, * pictor (or statuarius) aliquis rugas sinusque vestium singulari opere artificioque exprimit or imitatur. Painters take great liberties in their draperies, * pictoribus in adornandis vestibus magnam omnes damus impunitatem et licentiam.
DRAUGHT, || Action or state of drawing.(A) Generally, tractus.Beasts of draught, pecudes ad vehendum idoneæ.(B) Particularly: (a) With a net, bolus (βόλος ; also by metonymy for the “draught of fishes” taken; e. g., bolum quanti emerent, Suetonius, Rhet., 1); jactus (late, Val. Max., jactus retis, Dig.).(b) In drinking, haustus.To drink large draughts, largis haustibus bibere :to drink often, but only small draughts each time, sæpe sed exiguis haustibus bibere (†) :to drink at one draught, in hauriendo non respirare (Plinius) :to drink off at a single draught, uno impetu epotare :to drink a great quantity at one draught, plurimum uno potu haurire. (c) Current of air, venti meatus or ventus only :there is a draught here, huc fert ventus (Cæsar, B. G., 3, 15).|| Sketch, picture, vid. || Detachment (of forces), vid. By these draughts of his forces for the Volscian war, parte exercitus ad Volscium avocata bellum (Livius 4, 61). || The depth to which a vessel sinks; vessels of light or small draught, naves planæ carinis (flat-bottomed) or plano alveo :of deep draught, gravia navigia (heavy; Cæsar). || (of medicine), potio medicata; sorbitio (a draught to be sipped) ; poculum medicatum (the cup with the medicine in it) :a draught prepared with wine, vinolentum medicamentum :to prepare a draught (in a cup), medicamentum in poculo diluere :to give a draught to a person, potui alicui medicamentum dare.
DRAUGHT-BOARD, tabula lusoria :abacus.
DRAUGHT-HORSE, equus vectuarius (Varro, R., R., 2, 7, 15, ed. Schneider, where others read, less correctly, vectorius or vectarius); equus rhedarius or carrucarius (a coach-horse, according to the analogy of mulus rhedarius in Varro, and Ulpianus) ; equus plaustrarius (dray-horse, after plaustrarius asinus, Cato) :draught-horses, equi jugales (a pair).
DRAUGHTS, ludus duodecim scriptorum.Vid. CHESS.
DRAUGHTS-MAN, calculus.
DRAW, TR.,Pull forwards slowly, etc., trahere (to draw by force; in very many of the English meanings of the word ; e. g., to draw water from a well, aquam ex puteo ; a weapon out of a body, ferrum e vulnere, telum de corpore, both Ovidius :to be drawing his last breath, extremum spiritum, Phædrus. [animam agere in prose] : also improperly, to be drawn to anything, trahi or trahi et duci ad aliquid :to draw anybody from, trahere aliquem longius a re :to draw anybody over to one’s opinion, trahere aliquem ad suam sententiam, etc.) :ducere (to lead; as used figuratively, ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt) :vehere (to draw a vehicle ; of horses, etc.; also equi vehunt aliquem).To draw a carriage, currum vehere (general term); currum ducere (to drag it along ; of men ; cf. Cicero,Tusc., 1, 47, 113).To draw anything to anything, trahere or attrahere ad aliquid to draw ships to shore, naves subducere (i. e., after the voyage is ended) ; naves trahere ad litora (against the will of the crew ; Sallustius, Fragm. ap Serv., Vergilius, Æn., 3, 425).To draw anything to one’s self ad se trahere or attrahere :ad se allicere et trahere (properly ; e. g., of the magnet) :to draw anything through anything, trajicere aliquid per aliquid (e. g., thread through the eye of a needle). || Of drawing liquids.(a) PROPR., haurire.To draw water from a well, aquam haurire de puteo; aquam trahere ex puteo (with reference to the lifting it up) ; to draw (beer, etc.), de dolio haurire or eximere (vinum, etc.) :promere (with or without dolio) :defundere (i. e., ex cado in crateram atque ex hac in pocula, Orell., who says that diffundere [Juvenalis, 5, 50] is ” vinum ex lacu in dolia, vel ex his in amphoras transfundere”).(b) IMPROPR., haurire (a or e fonte, or fonte only; all Cicero; with adverbs, inde, unde, etc.) :repetere ab aliqua re (derive it from a distant source). || To represent by pictures, delineare : designare :describere (but these words are not used absolutely ; but an accusative must be added, delineare imagines, etc.) :pingere (to paint; with accusative, speciem hominis, etc.) :depingere (also aliquid ; imaginem in tabula, Ovidius; also of depicting in words, rempublicam in sermone aliquo depingere, Cicero) :describere (figuratively) :To draw figures in the dust, quædam or formas in pulvere describere :to draw anything well, probe depingere aliquid :to be able to draw, graphidos scientiam habere. || PHRASES (more or less idiomatical) with “to draw.” – To draw BIT, frenos eximere equo (Livius) :frenos detrahere equo or equis (Livius, 4, 33 ; properly, to take off the bridle) ; equi reficiendi (or, -orum -orum) causa subsistere (to rest one’s horse ; after Cæsar B, C, 2, 42, end).To draw BLOOD, sanguinem mittere alicui (to bleed him ; properly) ; cruorem elicere (e. g., levi ictu, Tacitus).To draw DRY, exhaurire (e. g., the treasury, ærarium ; also omnem pecuniam ex ærario exhaurire ; a province, provinciam sumptibus et jacturis ; anybody, sumptu exhaurire aliquem).To draw TEARS, movere lacrimas (Quintilianus 4, 2, 77) ; lacrimas ciere (Vergilius) ; commovere (Curtius) ; from anybody, * tantum alicui misericordiam commovere, ut lacrimas tenere non possit ; from the people, fletum movere populo; from anybody against his will, lacrimas excutere alicui (Terentianus) :he would have drawn tears from the very stones, lapides mehercule flere cœgisset.To draw in LENGTH, producere, trahere, extrahere (with reference to time); tendere, extendere (with reference to space).To draw CUTS or LOTS, sortes ducere [vid. LOT] :to draw a lot, sortem ducere or educere.To draw a LINE, lineam scribere ( if with a pen, etc.); lineam ducere (general term).To draw a SWORD, gladium (e vagina) educere; gladium educere, stringere, or destringere (Cf., nudare is poetical).With a drawn sword, gladio stricto.To draw CURTAINS; [vid. CURTAIN]. To draw a CONCLUSION or INFERENCE; vid. the substantives. To draw CONFORT from anything, se solari aliqua re ; hoc solatio utor, quod, etc., hoc est mihi solatio.To draw anybody’s ATTENTION [vid. ATTENTION].To draw MONEY from the treasury, pecuniam (sumtum, etc.) ex ærario haurire. To draw a BILL, conscribere syngrapham :perscribere pecuniam :delegatione solutionem perficere :to draw a bill payable at Athens, permutare alicui pecuniam Athenas :to draw a bill upon anybody, aliquem delegare alicui (a quo fiat numeratio, Cicero).To draw a HARE, leporem exenterare. To draw a TOOTH, dentem (alicui evellere) [vid. TOOTH].To draw a BOW, arcum adducere (Vergilius).To DRAW ASIDE,aliquem sevocare : aliquem seducere. To DRAW AWAY, abducere, deducere, avertere :avocare : sevocare (from duty, etc.) ; anybody from agriculture, abducere aliquem ab aratro; revocare aliquem ab agricultura. To draw anybody away from duly ; vid. DUTY. To DRAW BACK, pedem or gradum referre (of an army); secedere (to step aside, of persons); se subtrahere (by degrees or imperceptibly) :to draw buck from anything, recedere a, etc. ; se recipere a ; se removere a, etc. (to withdraw).To DRAW IN,Vid. INVEIGLE, ENTICE. To DRAW NEAR, prope accedere :appropinquare (to come near, both with reference to place) :prope adesse : subesse (to be close at hand) :appropinquare :appetere (to approach, of time) :to draw near (e. g., a spot, the fire, etc.) : propius se movere :to draw near anybody or anything, (propius) accedere ad, with accusative :to draw near the town with the army, exercitum ad urbem (propius) admovere :a period or time draws near, when, etc., prope adest, quum, etc. :the seventh day was drawing near, appetebat dies septimus. To DRAW OFF (fin a cask).Vid. To DRAW (of liquids).To DRAW OFF, [Vid. To DRAW AWAY.]to draw off the mind from anything, mentem or mentis aciem a re abducere, or sevocare :to draw off anybody’s attention. [Vid. DISTRACT]. || = Pull off, detrahere alicui or de aliqua re ; a ring, alicui de digito annulum detrahere or auferre ; alicui annulum extrahere or eximere.To draw off troops, abducere exercitum (infecta re) ab aliquo loco. To DRAW ON, || To cause, vid. || To entice, vid. To DRAW OVER (to a party, etc.), abducere (e. g., the soldiers) :aliquem participem facere alicujus rei; aliquem alicujus rei socium or in alicujus rei societatem assumere (e. g., to a plan, consilii ; to a conspiracy, conjurationis) :aliquem in suas partes ducere or trahere ; aliquem ad causam perducere (to one’s side) :in sententiam suam adducere, or (quite) perducere (to an opinion) :to try to bring anybody over, alicujus animum or aliquem tentare (e. g., by money, threats, etc.) ; aliquem or alicujus animum sollicitare (e. g., by money, threats, etc.).To DRAW OUT, extrahere : educere (milites ex castris, etc.) :elicere (tempt out).To draw out a secret, expiscari aliquid :to draw one’s money out of a concern, renunciare societatem, or socio. To DRAW TIGHT, astringere (to make tighter, etc., by drawing on; e. g., a fetter, vinculum); intendere, contendere (to strain or draw tight what before was loose).To DRAW UP (in writing), scribere (to write out, write down a letter, law, writing, will, edict, etc.) :conscribere (to compose in writing) :concipere (to conceive in words) :perscribere(to write down carefully,
exactly, or at length, an edict, a decree of the Senate, an account, etc.) :conficere (to compose, general term).
DRAW, v. INTR. || As a beast of burden, trahere :to make a beast draw, jugum imponere.
DRAW-BRIDGE, * pons qui tolli or demitti potest :to let down the draw-bridge, * pontem demittere.
DRAWER, || One that fetches water from a well, aquarius (masculine) :* mulier aquam ferens (feminine) :Cf., aquator (in the army). || One whose business it is to draw liquors from the casks, cellarius : minister cauponæ (at an inn ; after Code Justinian, 9, 9, 29) :puer cauponius (Plautus, Pœn., 5, 9, 19) :* pueris cauponiis præpositus.
DRAWER (of a chest), loculus :forulus.
DRAWER (of a bill), * debitor ex syngrapha :qui syngrapham conscribit or conscripsit; qui pecuniam perscribit.The drawer of a bill on Athens, qui pecuniam Athenas permutat or permutavit.
DRAWER (of pictures, etc.), Vid. PAINTER.
DRAWERS (chest of), * arca (quotidiana) :armarium. Vid. CHEST [SYN. in BOX].
DRAWERS (a pair of), * tegumenta feminum interiora.
DRAWING (the art of), graphis, idos, f. (γραφίς, Vitruvius, 1, 1, 4) ; pure Latin pictura linearis (Plinius, 35, 3, 5) :to have learnt drawing, graphidos scientiam habere ; graphidos non imperitum esse :to invent drawing, or the art of drawing, picturam linearem invenire.
DRAWING (i. e., the picture drawn), pictura linearis (general term); * tabella linearis : imago (image, picture) :designate (a plan of a building, etc.) : DRAWING-BOOK, * chartæ, in quibus imagines ad imitandum propositæ delineantur : * volumen imaginum, quæ ad imitationem delineandi proponuntur (a book containing copies for drawing ; after Quintilianus, 1, 1, 35). DRAWING-MASTER, * magister delineandi; * magister graphices.
DRAWING-PAPER, * charta delineando apta.
DRAWING-PLASTER, emplastrum vesicatorium.
DRAWING-ROOM, œcus (οἶκος, general term) :exedra (ἐξέδρα, room for parties, both ends of which formed a semicircle, with a circular bench. It was uncovered : vid. Vitruvius 7, 5, 2, and 7, 9, 2) :* cubiculum cultu insigne, or quo amici me visendi causa conveniunt : atrium (the ante-chamber where the clients were received) :porticus (a hall or walk with columns) :diæta (δίαιτα ; a saloon in the garden) :a small drawing-room, exedrium ; atriolum. || A sovereign’s drawing-room (i. e., levee; perhaps * regis or reginæ salutatorium cubiculum, after salutatorium cubile, Plinius) ; or by circumlocution with aula regia (court) salutare, salutatio.He took him aside at a drawing-room, and said, seducto in salutatione affirmavit (Suetonius,Claud.,37).The drawing-room is over, salutatio defluxit (Cicero) :to attend a drawing-room , principem salutare :to have a right to attend the drawing-room, ad aulam admitti :not to be allowed to attend a drawing-room, prohiberi publica salutatione (Suetonius,Vesp :4).
DRAWL, distrahere :dilatare (to pronounce too long or broad, as fault ; the former of words, voces ; the latter of letters, literas; instead of which Gellius, 4, 6, uses literas tractim pronunciare) :decantare aliquid (in a sing-song way) :Cf., diducere verba is without authority. To drawl out the words, syllabas intendere (Gellius, 13, 22).
DRAY,
DRAY-CART, carrus or carrum (four-wheeled) :sarracum (according to Quintilian, a sordidum nomen) :plaustrum (general term for waggon, etc.) :traha (without wheels).
DRAYMAN, plaustrarius (Ulpianus).
DREAD, s. Vid. FEAR.
DREAD, v. Vid. To FEAR.
DREAD, adjective, || Terrible, vid. || Awful, vid.
DREADFUL, terribilis (causing fright ; terrificus is poetical only) :horribilis :horrendus (causing horrour) :atrox (fearful, frightful; e. g., death, bloodshed) :immanis (monstrous, quite unnatural, cruel ; e. g., animal, deed, character) :fœdus (causing indignation, abominable ; e. g., projects, war, fire, or conflagration) :dirus (dire) :trux (causing men to shudder ; e. g., of looks) :incredibilis (that can’t be conceived, e. g., stupidity, stupiditas) :to be the bearer of some dreadful news, miros terrores afferre ad aliquem.
DREADFULLY, terribilem or horrendum in modum ; atrociter ; fœde ; fœdum in modum.
DREADLESS, Vid. FEARLESS.
DREAM, s., somnium (also figuratively “an illusion,” etc.: Cf., insomnium is rare, and found only in the plural, , in classical prose) :a vision seen in a dream, species per somnum oblata, or in quiete visa ; visus nocturnus :in a dream, per somnum ; in somnis ; per quietem ; in quiete :to have a dream, somniare; speciem videre in quiete :to have pleasant dreams, somniis uti jucundissimis :to have a remarkable dream, mirum somnium somniare :to interpret a dream, somnium interpretari, or conjicere; somnium interpretatione explicare :it seems like a dream, somnio similis res mihi videtur :dreams often come true, multa somnia vera evadunt :anybody appears to me in a dream, imago alicujus in somnio mihi venit :to have a day-dream, vigilantem somniare :to indulge in (day) dreams, somnia sibi fingere (cf. Lucretius, 1, 104) :to see anything in a dream, aliquid in somnis or in quiete videre :mere dreams! somnia! it is all a dream about the money, de argento somnium :the god of dreams, Morpheus (Μορφεύς ; in heathen mythology) :one who interprets or explains dreams, somniorum interpres or conjector ; also conjector simply ; conjectrix (of a female). DREAM, v. somniare (also figuratively = to have strange or foolish ideas or imaginations) :dormitare (only figuratively, to live thoughtlessly or idly) :to dream anything or of anything, somniare aliquid or de aliqua re; dormientem videre aliquid animo; videre aliquid in somnis (i. e., to see anything in one’s sleep) ; also per somnum, or per quietem, or secundum quietem :to dream of anybody, somniare de.aliquo.I dreamed, somniavi; somnium mihi fuit; in somnis visus sum, with infinitive (vid. Cicero, De Divin., 1, 24, 49 ; Plautus, Cure., 2, 2, 20) :people or they dream, somniatur : to dream when one is wide awake, vigilantem somniare : I dreamed a strange dream, mirum somnium somniavi : I never dreamed of that, quod non somniabam :you are dreaming! dormitas! (our “you are asleep!”) :what are you dreaming about? quid somnias ? (i. e., what idle notion have you got inyour head?) || To be sluggish; to dream away one’s hours, agere ætatem desidiose (Lucretius, 6, 1129) :tempus dormitare in otio (Plautus, Asin., 2, 1, 5).
DREAM-BOOK, * liber somniorum interpres.
DREAMER, || One that dreams, somnians (properly) :dormitator (figuratively, one that is or acts as if he were asleep; Plautus, Trin., 4, 2, 20 and 142). || A fanciful man; a visionary [vid. ENTHUSIAST]. || An idler, homo somniculosus or veternosus (a sleepy fellow, a sluggard) :dormitator (Plautus).
DREAMY, somniculosus :veternosus (sleepy, lethargic) :tardus (slow, stupid) :somnians (e. g., somniantes philosophi).
DREARINESS, Vid. DISMALNESS.
DREARY, Vid. DISMAL. DREGGISH,
DREGGY, fæculentus (containing dregs) :turbidus (e. g., aqua ; spring, scaturigo) :turbatus limo (muddy ; e. g., aqua).
DREGS, || The sediment of liquors, fæx :sedimentum :crassamentum :crassamen (the sediment in general, if it is thick) :relating to dregs, fæcarius :made or pressed out of the dregs of anything, fæcibus (vini, etc.) expressus :to empty a stone bottle to the dregs, cadum potare fæce tenus (Horatius, Od., 3, 15, 16).FIG., The dregs of the people, fæx populi :perditissima et infima fæx populi :sordes et fæx urbis :sentina reipublicæ.|| Dross, sweepings, purgamenta, orum, plural : quisquiliæ (refuse; Cæcil., in Fest.).
DRENCH, irrigare (to irrigate ; poetical rigare) :humidum, madidum facere or reddere :madefacere (to make wet) :satiare :saturare (to satiate, to saturate, to let anything soak in water) :to be drenched, humidum, etc.:fieri, madefieri, madescere :to drench with anything, madefacere aliqua re (e. g., the ground with blood, terrain sanguine) perfundere aliqua re (to wet anything by sprinkling or pouring something over it; e. g., aliquid lacrimis) :incessant showers of rain, which drenched the fields or plains, imbres ccntinui campis omnibus inundantes (Livius 8, 24). || To saturate with drink; e. g., to be drenched with wine, potione completum esse :one that drenches himself with wine, potor, potator :to drench one’s self with wine, potare :se obruere vino. || Drenched, uvidus (e. g., of fields, rura continuis imbribus ; vestimenta, Horatius ; also “drenched with wine;” Horatius). || To physic by violence, medicamentum or potionem vi inserere in os (equi, etc., after Cicero, De Or., 2, 39, 162); potionare (e. g., jumentum, Vegetius ; a low word, but probably technical term).
DRENCH, s.,* largus haustus (a swill; e. g., uno haustu ; uno impetu epotare ; uno potu haurire) :|| Physic for a brute. [Vid. MEDICINE.] || Physic that must be given by violence; e. g., to give a drench. Vid. To DRENCH.
DRESS, || Clothes, [vid. also, GARMENT]: a dress to wear in the house, vestis domestica (opposed to vestis forensis) :not to put on the same dress a second time, non iterare vestem :silk dresses, serica, orum ; bombycina, orum :a party-colored dress, vestis varia; vestimentum versicolor :to make a dress, vestem facere :nobody but a fool will judge of a man by his dress, stultissimus est, qui hominem aut ex veste aut ex conditione, quæ vestis modo nobis circumdata est, æstimat (Seneca, Ep., 47, 14); ladies’ dress, mundus muliebris :to adopt the Roman dress, Romano habitu uti :the whole nation has worn that dress ever since, quem morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet. || Splendid clothes, ornatus :vestis
ornatus (general term, anything that may serve as ornament) :ornamentum (as the means of beautifying) :cultus (whatever serves the body as an external ornament) :apparatus maguifici (splendid apparel or clothes); apparatus magnifici vitæque cultus. Full dress, ornatus dierum sollemnium (garments or dress for particular occasions ; e. g., Sunday dress) ; also vestis forensis ; in full dress, prætextatus :over-smart or tawdry dress, cultus speciosior quam pretiosior :dissentiens a ceteris habitus :to be fond of dress, semper exornatum incedere (after Plautus, Epid., 2, 2, 42) ; semper nove vestitum esse (i. e., to be always dressed in the newest fashion) :a person too fond of dress, qui nimio indulget vestitui; * cultus mollioris studiosus :to change one’s dress, calceos et vestimenta mutare (Cicero, Mil.,10, 28).
DRESS, TRANS., || To clothe, vestire :convestire (to furnish with a dress; then, also, to put on any covering) :veste tegere (to cover with a dress) :veste induere aliquem :vestem induere alicui (to clothe anybody with any dress) :veste aliquem amicire (to cover anybody with, to wrap anybody up in anything ; e. g., a cloak) :to dress one’s self, induere sibi vestem or se veste :veste indui (to put on a dress) ; (veste) se amicire (to wrap one’s self up ; e. g., in a cloak); calceos et vestimenta sumere (to put on one’s things or apparel) ; he used to dress himself without any assistance, et calceabat ipse sese et amiciebat (Suetonius,Vesp., 21).
Dressed, indutus ; vestitus :dressed in white, candide vestitus; albatus (in a festival garment, opposed to atratus, sordidatus, dressed in black). || To clothe elegantly, aliquem exornare, with anything, aliqua re (e. g., with a party-colored dress, varia veste). || To adorn, to deck, vid. || To dress a wound, alligare, deligare, obligare vulnus ; also præligare (to tie in front) :curare vulnus (general term, Livius ; ligare, in this meaning, is poetical).|| MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES. To dress a garden, etc. [Vid. CULTIVATE, TILL] :to dress the ground for putting in the seed, agrum expedire sationibus or præparare frumentis :to dress the hair, capillos comere; comam in gradus formare or frangere :to dress leather or hides, subigere : depsere :conficere :perficere :well-dressed skins, aluta tenuiter confecta :to dress hemp, hamis ferreis linum pectere :to dress a vine, vitem amputare, ligare (to prune and tie it up) :to dress stones, saxa coæquare (Varro, ap., Non.).To dress a horse, strigili radere or subradere. || To prepare victuals for the table, cibum parare or comparare [Vid. To COOK] :to dress one’s own food, sibi manu sua parare cibum :dressed, coctus ; igne mollitus (Cf., not elixus, which means “boiled”); to use fire for dressing one’s food, uti igne ad mitigandum or ad molliendum cibum.
DRESS, v. INTR., vestiri, amiciri aliqua re :to dress like a Roman, Romano habitu uti :not to dress better than a slave, se non servo melius vestire (†) :to order the people to dress in the same manner, eodem ornatu etiam populum vestiri jubere :the whole nation has dressed in the same style ever since, hunc morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet.
DRESSER, || One that dresses a person, perhaps cubicularius, in as far as that is his principal employment. || Of a vineyard, vitium cultor. || Of wool, lanarius. || Kitchen-dresser, * mensa culinaria.
DRESSING (of meat), coctura (especially of the manner of dressing) :of a wound, curatio (treatment in general) :of cloth, politura. || A dressing, cataplasma (κατάπλασμα), malagma (μάλαγμα) :fomentum (warm poultice) :to apply or put dressings on anything, fomenta alicui rei admovere. || As cant phrase :To give anybody a good dressing, probe percutere, bene depexum dare, verberibus or fustibus derigare aliquem (all comical).
DRESSING-BOX, scrinium :Vid. BOX.
DRESSING-GOWN, vestis domestica (a house-dress, in general) :vestis nocturna.
DRESSING-ROOM, vestiarium (though with the ancients this was the room in which the dresses were kept [ = wardrobe], but in which they did not dress).
DRESSING-TABLE, abacus (on which gold vessels, vases, etc., were placed) :cathedra (chair used by Roman ladies at their toilette, Bött., Sabina, 1, p. 35).
DRIB, Vid. To CROP, to CUT OFF.
DRIBBLE, Vid. To DRIP.
DRIBBLET (little drop), numus (small coin, then a trifling sum in general) :
DRIER, By circumlocution with siccare, etc.
DRIFT, || Impulse, vis (overbearing power) :efficientia (impellent force) :impulsus (impulse) :” we are under the drift of passions,” cupiditates dominationem in nos habent :to do anything under the drift of passion, cupide agere ; impetu quodam trahi ad aliquid. || Violence, vis; gravitas; incitatio ; impetus [SYN. in VIOLENCE.] || A shower (of rain), imber repente effusus or imber only :also imber violenter fusus ; (of hail) vis creberrimæ grandinis ; (of snow) vis nivis creberrimæ (after Livius, 28, 37) :” adrift of bullets,” (Shakspeare), magna vis glandium or telorum (cf. Tacitus, Agr., 36, 1) :velut nubes glandium or telorum (cf., Livius, 21, 55).|| Tendency, consilium, propositum :finis [vid. AIM] :to have such or such a drift, spectare, pertinere ad aliquid :that’s my drift, hoc meum consilium or hoc mihi propositum est :my drift is this, hoc specto or volo :κυρικιμασαηικοwhat’s the drift of this speech or discourse? quorsum hæc spectat oratio ? or quid igitur spectat hæc oratio ? the drift of this speech is that, etc., hæc eo pertinet oratio, ut, etc. : the drift of it is quite different from what was imagined, alio spectat :since nobody knew the exact drift of this answer, id responsum quo valeret, quum intelligeret nemo. || Drift-sand, syrtis (σίρτις) ; mons arenæ (cf. Plinius 3, 1, 3, ed. Hard.) :drifts of snow, nives exaggeratæ,* nives per ventum congestæ :drift-wood, * ligna ad litus delata.
DRIFT, v. Vid. To DRIVE.
DRIFT, INTRANS., fluitare in alto (e. g., tempestatibus, Cicero ; of a ship) ; ad litus ferri, deferri (of wood) :sand drifts, * arenæ vento in altum sublatæ feruntur :the snow drifts, * nives per ventum congeruntur.
DRILL, || To perforate, terebrare (to make a hole with a drill or gimlet) :perterebrare (quite through) :perforare (general term for piercing holes).[Vid. To PERFORATE.] || To entice, allure, vid. || To exercise troops, * milites in armis tractandis exercere :exercere :to be well drilled, * armorum usum habere ; * armorum usu præstare :to drill the troops well after the Roman fashion, milites perpetuis exercitiis ad Romanæ disciplinæ formam redigere (i. e., to introduce the Roman tactics) : milites frequentibus exercitiis ad prœlia præparare (to fit them for battle).
DRILL, || A boring tool, terebra (τρίπαναν, τρυπάνιον) :modiolus (χοινίκιον ; a bore with indented edge ; vid. Celsus, 8,3, in.). || A baboon, * simia pavianus (Linnæus). || Drill sergeants, milites ad tradendam disciplinam immixti manipulis (general term, Agr., 28, 2) :armorum doctores (those who superintend the drilling) :campi doctores (with reference to military evolutions ; vid. Salmas., Æl. Lampr., vol. i., p. 1012, Haack.). DRILL-PLOUGH or
DRILLING-MACHINE, * machina seminando agro facta.
DRINK, s., potio :potus. Vid. DRINKING.
DRINK, v., bibere (verb transitive and intransitive, to drink, from thirst, like a human being ; and also improperly ; e. g., sanguinem, haustus justitiæ; aliquid aure, Horatius) :potare (verb transitive and intransitive; to drink like a beast; hence to drink large draughts, to swill one’s self with liquor, tipple, etc.; but potus and potatus are classical, for ” having drunk”) :haurire (transitively and intransitively, to take or draw any fluid into one’s mouth; especially in large draughts) :sorbere (to sip quietly in small quantities, and with half-closed lips, coagulum lactis, ovum) :potionem alicujus rei bibere or haurire (to swallow or take off a draught of it) :uti aliqua re (to take it as one’s usual drink) :vino deditum esse (in the intransitive sense of “to drink” = to be a drunkard; vid. “to drink hard,” below).To give anybody anything to drink, alicui bibere dare ; also anything, aliquid (general term); ministrare alicui bibere (as cup-bearer, attendant, etc.) ; alicui potandum or potui dare aliquid (a draught of medicine).To order a man something to drink, alicui bibere dari jubere ; to drink hard, plurimum bibere (also of drinking much in one particular instance); vino indulgere or deditum esse (habitually) :to drink a little too much, paullo plus adhibere (Terentius, Heaut., 2, 1, 8) :crapulam potare (Plautus, Rud., 2, 7, 28 ; to drink to intoxication) :to drink one’s self drunk, vino se obruere :to drink through whole days, totos dies potare or perpotare :to sit up drinking till night-fall, perpotare ad vesperum :to drink with anybody till he falls under the table, aliquem vino deponere (Plautus, Aul., 3, 6, 39).To drink anybody’s health; vid. To DRINK TO.
DRINK IN, bibere (e. g., lana bibit colorem, Plinius) :imbibere (mostly improperly).
DRINK TO anybody, salutem alicui propinare (Plautus, Stich. 3, 2, 16); salutare amicum nominatim or amicum nominatim vocare in bibendo (this resembled most nearly our own fashion in that respect ; vid. Asconius, ad Cicero, ii. Verr. 1, 26, p. 321, Schutz).I drink to you! bene te! bene tibi (vid. Zumpt, § 759).Let every one take his cup and drink to Messala ! bene Messalam ! sua quisque ad pocula dicat (Tibullus, 2, 1, 33).To DRINK UP, ebibere (general term ; epotare in classical Latin, only in participle perfect passive, epotus, drunk up) :exhaurire (to drain out, as it were, empty out ; e. g., wine, poison, medicine) :exsiccare (to dry out, said jocosely ; a bottle, lagenas, Quintilianus,
Cicero, in Cicero, Ep., 16, 26, 2, where furtim is used with it) :exanclare poculo (as it were, to pump out from the bowl, wine, vinum, jocosely, Plautus, Stich., 1, 3, fin.) :sorbere, exsorbere (to suck out ; e. g., eggs, ova) :to drink up to the dregs, potare fæce tenus (Horatius, Od. 3, 15, 16).
DRINK-MONEY, munusculum (general term for little gift).
DRINKABLE, potabilis (general term, that is fit for drinking later only) :salubri potu (healthy as drink) :things eatable and drinkable, esculenta et potulenta, orum, plural.
DRINKER, potor (the drinker in as far as he empties any given drinking-vessel) :potator (he who is fond of drink, a wine-bibber) :combibo :compotor (a bottle-companion ; bibo is only met with later in Jul. Firmic., Mathes., 5, 4, extr.) :a hard drinker, acer potor; vini capacissimus :to be a great drinker, plurimum bibere (to drink much, or to be able to drink much); vino deditum esse : vino indulgere (to be given to drink).
DRINKING, potio (the taking in of a fluid, and also the draught drunk) :potus (drinking ; but with reference to what is drunk, not to the act ; immoderato obstupefacta potu atque pastu, Cicero, In the sense of “carousing” it is post- Augustan; in potu atque hilaritate, Plinius) :potatio (hard drinking ; drinking large draughts, but modicæ potationes is good Latin ; Cicero) :sorbitio (the sipping in of a liquid, as action, and what is thus sipped, a potion, medicine) :Cf., In modern writers we find bibitio and bibitus, which, however, are quite unclassical. Moderate drinking, potio modica ; potus moderatus ; moderate eating and drinking, temperatæ escæ modicæque potiones :while in the act of drinking, in media, potione : inter bibendum :a drinking-cup or vessel ; [vid. CUP] :a drinking-companion, combibo, compotor :fond of drinking, ebriosus :to be fond of drinking, vino deditum esse vinolentum esse (to be a drinker); ebriosum esse; also potare (i. e., to drink hard) ; vino indulgere :fondness for drinking, ebriositas (Cicero, Tusc., 4, 12, 27); vinolentia (propensity for drinking wine) :to spend whole days in drinking, totos dies potare or perpotare ; perpotare ad vesperum (from morn till night).Eating and drinking is usually cibus et potio (e. g., cibo et potione completum esse) ; and Krebs condemns potus altogether ; but Cicero, uses it in speaking of the mind, quum ea pars animi – immoderato sit obstupefacta potu atque pastu.
DRINKING-BOUT, comissatio (in the Roman sense, after a formal cœna, attended by singing and dancing, and followed by wandering up and down the streets; visiting others, to drink again with them, and similar excesses). Cf., Cicero, Cat. Maj., 13, 45, and ad Div., 9, 24, 3, uses compotatio, as translation of the Greek συμπόσιον ; but neither by him nor by others was it used as a Roman expression.
DRINKING-CUP, Vid. CUP.
DRIP, || v. TR., instillare, down on anything, alicui rei, in aliquid (Cf., stillare is poetical). || v. INTR., stillare; destillare (to drip down); from anything, stillare ex or de : rorare (in a dew-like or drizzling manner, ante rorat quam pluit) :manare (stronger than stillare ; with anything, aliqua re ; e. g., sanguine or cruore ; multo sudore) :dripping wet, totus madidus :to become dripping wet, madefieri (e. g., pluvia, imbre); madidum reddi (aqua); .or permadescere (stronger term) :to be, etc., madere, madidum, or madefactum esse (e. g., imbre) :a dagger dripping with blood, stillans pugio (Cicero). DRIPPING-PAN, sartago (some pan used in cooking) :frixorium (Plinius; some pan used for roasting or frying meat). DRIVE, || To put in motion by pushing, by blows, etc., agere (general term of living creatures and inanimate objects) :pellere (so to excite a body by pushes, blows, etc., that it moves on of itself; to drive on things animate or inanimate ; to move by its own weight, by pushing it forward ; also to chase, of animate beings) :propellere (to drive along before one, of living beings and things e. g., the ship, navem [spoken of the wind]) :trudere (to propel or move anything slowly on from behind by beating or pushing) :versare (to move with a circular motion or direction ; a top, turbinem; hoop, etc., and of a person driven about, pulsare versareque Dareta, Vergilius).To drive to any place, propellere in aliquid (e. g., cattle in the fields, pecus agere pastum ; pecus propellere in pabulum). || To drive anything AWAY, FROM, OFF, abigere ab or ex aliqua re (from any place ; also furtively ; e. g., cattle, pecus) ; exigere aliqua re or ex aliqua re (to chase away, out of ; e. g., domo ; out of the republic, e civitate : the enemy from the field, hostem a campo), pellere aliqua re, ex or de aliqua re (e. g., out of the country, patria, foro, e foro) expellere aliquem aliqua re or ex aliqua re (e. g., domo ; ex urbe ; civitate; ex republica ; possessionibus; a patria) :depellere aliquem aliqua re and de aliqua re (to chase, vid.); dejicere ex or de, etc. (e. g., out of a fortified place, ex castello; out or from anybody’s estates, de fundo) ; exturbare ex aliqua re (headlong ; e. g., the enemy out of the breech, hostem ex ruinis muri) :submovere (to make anybody get out of the way).To drive away care, curas pellere ; tristitiam ex animo pellere ; by wine, curas vino :to drive away the birds, gnats, etc., volucres, muscas abigere. || To drive ALONG, promovere. || To drive BACK, reprimere : repellere :rejicere.To drive back the enemy, hostes rejicere or fugare ; impetum hostium propulsare.|| To drive FROM, [Vid. To drive OUT or AWAY.]|| To drive INTO,intro cogere (e. g., oves) :intra aliquem locum compellere (to drive to one spot, of men, etc.) :agere in aliquid (e. g., cattle into the stalls, pecus in stabulum) :adigere in aliquid or alicui rei (e. g., a nail into a beam, clavum in tignum :a wedge into a tree, cuneum arbori; vid. ” to drive with a hammer” below). || To drive OFF, depellere : repellere :propellere :propulsare : [Vid. drive AEAY, above.] || To urge, compel, impellere or incitare ; (The words are found in this connection and order.) impellere atque incitare ; ad aliquid (e. g., ad bellum) :urgere aliquem , ut, etc. ; instare alicui, ut, etc. (to urge anybody to anything or to do anything) ; etiam atque etiam instare atque urgere (stronger) :anybody is driven to anything, necessitas cogit or urget aliquem , necessitas adducit aliquem , ut aliquid faciat (drives him to do so and so). || To drive or carry on one’s trade, facere mercaturam. [Vid., also To CARRY ON.] || To press to a conclusion, persequi (with perseverance, in a good and bad sense); prosequi (usually in a good sense, to continue or persevere in anything); consectari (indefatigably); urgere (to push on with zeal) ; exsequi (to carry on, to bring to end) :aliquid longius persequi (to drive anything further).I will drive my argument further, pergamus ad ea, quæ restant. || To drive IN (with a hammer, or other instrument), figere; in anything, alicui rei or in rem; infigere; in anything, alicui rei or in rem (to drive into); defigere; in anything, alicui rei or in re (to drive in perpendicularly); adigere (in anything ; alicui rei or in rem, to drive into) :to drive in a nail, clavum figere or defigere; into a tree, clavum adigere in arborem.To drive a nail home, clavum pangere :clavum quanto maximo possum mallei ictu adigere (after Livius, 27, 49) : to drive in posts, stipes demittere (to let in perpendicularly) :sublicas agere (to drive in piles). || To drive anybody mad, in rabiem agere ; ad insanitatem adigere ; efferare :you drive me mad, or I shall be driven mad, vix mei compos sum. || To drive a carriage, jumenta agere (of the coachman, in general) :curriculum regere :curriculo insistere (to take the reins ; also for pleasure) :aurigare (in a race; Suetonius,Ner., 24, of the leader) :vecturam facere (of a wagoner, in general).
DRIVE, INTR. In a carriage, vehi or invehi curru :vein in rheda :to drive to the forum, carpento in forum invehi. || To rush against with violence, etc., occursare alicui : impingere in aliquid : volare (to fly ; of sparks, etc.) :to drive against anybody’s face, * in alicujus adversum os ferri :the rain drives against anybody’s face, imber in os fertur. || Of a vessel; to let a skip drive before the wind, convertere navem in eam partem, quo ventus fert (Cæsar); fiatu ferente dare vela (Quintilianus); quocumque feramur, dare vela (Cicero ; but figuratively). || To drive at, or let drive at anybody. [Vid. To ATTACK, SET UPON.]|| To drive at ( = have for one’s drift).[Vid. DRIFT.]Just listen, what I am driving at, audi, quo rem deducam (Horatius, Sat., 1, 1, 14) :that’s precisely what I am driving at, istuc ibam (comically).I did not know what you were driving at, nesciebam, quorsum tu ires (comically, Ruhnken. Terentius, Eun., 1, 2, 75). DRIVE, s.,gestatio (an airing in a carriage for the sake of exercise) :vectatio (the act of going in a carriage; vid. Bremi, Suetonius, Claud., 33).to take a drive., carpento vectari ; e. g., through the town, per urbem (Livius, 34, 3, extr.). DRIVEL, || To slaver, salivare (used intransitively ; also like spumare, though only found in Plinius, 9, 36, 60, as a translation) :salivam fluere pati.A drivelling mouth, os fluidum salivis. || To dote, ineptire :nugari :alucinari. Vid. DOTE.
DRIVELLER, Vid. DOTARD.
DRIVER, || One who drives a carriage, rhedarius (driver of a “rheda,” * Cicero, Mil., 10,29) :carrucarius mulio (the driver of a “carruca” drawn by mules; * Capitol., Maxim. Jun., 4; SYN. of rheda and carruca in COACH) :auriga (the driver of a hero’s chariot, or of a chariot at the games) :Cf., agitator is the “auriga,” as combatant : qui jumenta agit (wagoner, either sitting on ihewagon or walking alongside) :heniochus (ἡνίοχος, a Greek word used in the Silver Age by Romans).
|| One who drives beasts, pecoris actor (Ovidius, Horatius, 1, 95): of a donkey, asinarius; agitator aselli (Vergilius, Georg., 1, 273), of a mule, mulio ; of an ox, bubulcus ; of swine, subulcus; suarius. || An instrument; perhaps tudicula (a little instrument for beating or crushing, Columella).
DRIZZLE, stillare (to fall and to cause to fall by drops ; general term) :rorare (of rain; transitively and intransitively, only found in 3rd singular) :it drizzles before it rains, ante rorat, quam pluit.
DRIZZLY ; e. g., rain, pluvia tenuissima.
DROLL, adjective, scurrilis : lepidus (by pleasant, playful humour) :facetus (agreeable, from the unforced exercise of such a humour) :jocularis (amusing by jokes) :comicus : ridiculus :ridendus (that causes laughter ; vid. COMIC) :a droll fellow, lepidum caput :a droll expression, ridiculum dictum ; ridiculum :in a droll manner, scurriliter ; comice ; ridicule ; comico more ; lepide ; facete ; joculariter [SYN. above].
DROLL, s., homo jocosus :ridiculus (general term for jocose) :coprea (a sort of court-fool, a jester) :sannio (a buffoon) :scurra (a wit, of a superior class who appeared under the name of “a friend of the family,” at the banquets of the rich Romans) :maccus (the “clown” or ” harlequin,” in the Atellanic games; after Diom., 488, Putsch).
DROLL, v., jocularia fundere :ridicula jactitare (both Livius, 7, 7) :* copreæ personam tueri or sustinere; * copreæ partes agere (to play the fool).
DROLLERY, scurrilitas :ludus :jocus ; (The words are found in this connection and order.) ludus et jocus [vid. FUN] : res ridicula ; ludi ; joca or jocularia ; ridicula (both in words and gestures) :nugæ : tricæ :ineptiæ (absurdities).
DROMEDARY, camelus dromas ; camelus, qui duo tubera habet in dorso; camelus Bactriæ (•camelus Bactrianus, Linnæus) :dromedarius (not used before Hieronymus, Vit. Malchi, 10).
DRONE, || A bee, fucus. || A sluggard, homo languori et desidiæ deditus; homo deses. || Humming sound, bombus (Varro; of bees) : bombi or raucus bombus (e. g., of trumpets, etc.). DRONE, v. || To live in idleness, segne otium terere ; socordia atque desidia bonum otium conterere ; propter desidiam in otio vivere. || To emit a dull, humming sound, bombum facere (properly, of bees; Varro) :bombitare (of bees; Auct., Carm. Philom., 36) :raucum bombum or raucisonos bombos efflare (of instruments ; Lucretius : will do, therefore, for a bagpipe) :susurrare (of bees ; Vergilius, Georg., 4, 260) :* fusca or obtusa voce susurrare, aliquid decantare, etc. (of reciting in a droning voice).
DRONING, bombitatio ( = sonus apium, Fest., p. 25 ; vid. Drone, s.).
DRONISH,piger; ignavus ; iners; segnis; deses; laboris fugiens. Vid. IDLE.
DROOP, || To sink downwards, se inclinare or inclinari (properly ; and also figuratively ; e. g., of fortune, res inclinatæ, fortuna inclinata) :demitti (e. g., of the head).|| To languish, lose life, spirit, etc., flaccere :flaccescere :languere :languescere (flaccet = languet, deficit, in Cicero, only in Messala flaccet, for which he elsewhere has languet, is losing his spirit in the competition for the consulship ; flaccescere of leaves, and improperly, of a spiritless discourse; languere of lore, strength, etc.) :marcescere (of flowers, etc.) :inclinari (to be bent down, e. g., paululum timore) :jacere or afflictum jacere (to be in a depressed state; animus, virtutes, studia, etc.) :his courage drooped, animo cecidit, concidit; animum dimisit.
DROP, s., gutta (a natural, globular drop) :stilla (a drop which, at first, hangs down longitudinally from what it begins to drop from ; hence, an artificial drop from a glass, etc.) :Cf., stiria is a congealed stilla) :a small drop, guttula :not a single drop, ne tantillum quidem; ne minimum quidem :drop by drop, guttatim :stillatim [SYN. above]. The rain comes down in large drops, nimbus effunditur. || In medicine, * liquor medicatus. || Ear-ring, vid.
DROP, v., TRANS. || To pour in drops, effundere (to pour out, in general) :stillare (to cause to fall in drops, rorem ex oculis, Horatius; poetical) ; destillare (from or from above) :to drop down dew, irrorare (poetical, rore rigare, Cicero, Poet., De Divin., 1, 12, 20). || To let fall from a higher place, mittere (to leave hold of) :to drop the curtain, aulæum mittere or premere :to drop a tear, tradere se lacrimis; lacrimam or lacrimulam emittere, dare, both poetical :to drop a tear for anybody, lacrimam dare alicui (Ovidius) :lacrimare casum alicujus (Nepos) :I saw you drop a tear, vidi ego tuam lacrimulam (ironically, Cicero) :to drop anchor, ancoram jacere. || To let go, (1) Physically; of a thing before held, omittere (e. g., arma, habenas) :manu emittere (to drop from the hand purposely ; e. g., to drop the shield, scutum) ; also de (ex) manibus dimittere, emittere. (2) IMPROPR. To intermit, to cease, omittere (to entertain no longer, to dismiss from one’s mind, to give over; e. g., hopes, fear, grief, etc.) :mittere :missum facere :dimittere (to give up whatever we can not maintain or keep possession of) :abjicere :ponere : deponere (to give over whatever we do not think right, advantageous, etc. ; e. g., enmity, hatred, etc.) :desistere de re or de aliqua re (implying a sudden change of purpose) :to drop all hope, spem omittere, deponere, abjicere :to drop anybody’s cause, deserere aliquem :causam alicujus deponere :a causa alicujus recedere.To drop the subject, rem integram or in medio relinquere :let us drop it, relinquamus (let’s say no more of it ; comic) :pray drop it! missa isthæc ! fac ! mitte, omitte hate! (i. e., do drop it!) :drop this nonsense, aufer ridicularia (comic) :to drop the notion, dimittere cogitationem alicujus rei. || To let go a dependant or companion, omittere aliquem (in a contemptuous sense) :to drop anybody’s acquaintance, consuetudinem intermittere (altogether) :drop him! sine eum (sc. ire ; i. e., let him go, have no more to do with him; after Terentius, Ad., 3, 2, 23).|| To bedrop, speckle, maculis variare (Cf., not maculare, which in prose stands only for “making spots”). || To drop anybody a few lines, aliquid literarum ad aliquem dare.
DROP, INTR., || To fall in drops, stillare; from, out of anything, stillare ex, de, etc. ; into anything, in aliquid : destillare (down from above) :defluere :delabi (to come or flow down gently ; e. g., de cœlo, of rain) :stillatim cadere (Varro, L. L., p. 11, Mull.) :desilire ex edito (from above ; e. g., of the water of a basin) :the dew drops, rorat; ros cadit. || To drop out or off (i. e., to fall down from anything to which it had been attached), cadere (to fall out and down; of teeth, hair, etc ; opposed to nasci, subnasci) :excidere (to fall out, of teeth, etc.) :decidere (to fall down, of teeth, hair, feathers) :fluere, defluere, effluere (to drop out and disappear, of hair) :desinere (not to grow again, to drop off entirely ; of hair).To drop with anything, stillare or (stronger) manare aliqua re (e. g., sanguine, cruore, sudore).To drop down (in other senses than the preceding) [vid. FALL] : to drop from the clouds, de cœlo delabi ; ex astris delabi or decidere :he seemed as if he had dropped from the moon, * in alium quendam orbem delatus sibi videbatur. || To die, vid. || To let anything drop; [vid. To DROP, trans.]. || To drop in ( = to call upon anybody unexpectedly, etc.).Anybody drops in, ecce ad me (nos, etc.) advenit aliquis (Plautus); ecce aliquis venit (Cicero, Cæcin., 7, 20).
DROPLET, guttula.
DROPPING, stillicidium (the falling drop ; moisture dropping down ; Varro, L. L., 5, 5, 12; especially rain-water falling from the eaves; also figuratively stillicidium linguæ, Paul. Nolan. ) :instillatio (the act of dropping in) :destillatio (act of dropping down ; but only found of the humours of the body).
DROPSICAL, hydropicus (ὑδρωπικός); but pure Latin, aquæ iutercutis morbo implicitus (of a dropsical person) :to become dropsical, aquæ intercutis morbo implicari :he is dropsical, eum aqua inter cutem male habet ; eum aqua intercus tenet.
DROPSY, s. Hydrops (Celsus, H.) ; hydropisis (Plinius); aqua intercus (Cicero); aquæ subter cutem fusæ morbus (Plinius, 7, 18, 17) ; aqua intercus or inter cutem (the latter, Greek, ὕδωρ ὑπὸ σαρκί , Celsus, 2, 8, p. 76, Bip.) :languor aquosus (poetical).To have the dropsy [vid. “to become DROPSYCAL”].To die of the dropsy, aquæ intercutis morbo decedere.
DROP-WORT, * spiræa filipendula (Linnæus ; water-dropwort, * œnanthe).
DROSS, || The recrement of metal, scoria. || Rust, rubigo (general term, rubigo corripit ferrum) :ferrugo (of iron) :ærugo (of copper, verdigris; of which one kind was called “scolecia”).|| Refuse, fæx :purgamentum. Vid. REFUSE.
DROSSY, * scoriam continens : rubiginosus (rusty); æruginosus (of brass or copper).
DROUGHT, || Dry weather, siccitas :ariditas ; aritudo (the former as quality, the latter as continuing state) :cœlum siccum ; siccitates (dry weather in general) :there was a great drought that year, siccitate insignis annus fuit ; siccitatibus eo anno laboratum est.|| Thirst; vid. THIRST.
DROUGHTY, || Wanting rain; [vid.DRY]. || Dry with thirst, sitiens. Vid. THIRSTY.
DROVE, || Of cattle or sheep in general, grex. || Of oxen, armenta (opposed to grex ; hence, Cicero, Phil., 3, 13, extr., greges armentorum reliquique pecoris ; Ovidius, Met., 1, 513, non hic armenta gregesve) :belonging to a drove, gregalis :gregarius ; in droves, gregatim (vid. also FLOCK, HERD). || A crowd, vid.
DROVER, pecuarius (general term) :porcinarius :suarius : suarius negotiator (with reference to hogs; but all these imply that he breeds or deals in them,
not merely drives them to market as the agent of others; for which circumlocution must be used).
DROWN, demergere in aqua : aqua mergere (to plunge under the water) :aqua suffocare (so as to produce death) :to drown one’s self, se in aquam mergere. || To be drowned, aquis hauriri; (aquis) submergi ; fluctibus obrui :in a deep morass, in the stream, profundo limo, gurgitibus hauriri :in the deepest part or middle of the river, medio in flumine submergi (†). || To overflow, inundare :the Tiber drowned the plain, Tiberis agros inundavit :continual showers that drowned the fields, imbres continui campis omnibus inundantes (Livius, 8, 24). || IMPROPR. To immerge, to lose in anything ; e. g., to be drowned in pleasure, luxuria diffluere et delicate ac molliter vivere :corporis voluptatibus (totum) se dedere :libidinibus se servum præstare (to be a slave of pleasure); voluptatibus astrictum esse (stronger term). || To lose in something that overpowers or covers; to be drowned, devorari (of the voice that is rendered inaudible, vox in orchestris scobe aut arena, superjecta devoratur) :a sound is drowned (e. g., in a large vault), vox devoratur : strepitus or fremitus aurium usum intercludit (there is such a noise that I can not hear the speaker) :to drown anybody’s voice, obstrepere alicui ingenti clamore (to cry out against him so that he cannot be heard) :to drown the splendor (of a lesser luminary), * fulgore or splendore vincere :to drown all the rest by its brilliancy, prae ceteris omnibus enitere et præfulgere (Gellius, 12, 5, med.).
DROWSE, Vid. To SLEEP.
DROWSILY, || Sleepily :We only find one instance in Plautus of somniculose, from the adjective, somniculosus. || Sluggishly, ignave :pigre :segniter. SYN. in IDLE.
DROWSINESS, || Sleepiness; as state, and in one particular instance, somni necessitas : oscitatio (in as far as it manifests itself by yawning) :an irresistible drowsiness, inexpugnabilis pæne somni necessitas. || As inherent quality of the individual, veternus: Cf., somnolentia not before Sidon., Ep., 2, 2, med. || IMPROPR.tarditas :segnitas :ignavia :inertia. (The words are found in this connection and order.) tarditas et ignavia. SYN. in IDLENESS.
DROWSY, || Sleepy (in one instance), dormitans : somni plenus :somno gravis (heavy with sleep) :somni indigens (needing sleep) :oscitans (yawning).To be or feel drowsy, dormitare (i. e., to begin to sleep, to fall asleep) ; somni indigere (have need of sleep) ; somno urgeri ultra debitum (to feel unnaturally sleepy) ; oscitare (to yawn).In a drowsy manner [vid. DROWSILY]. || As quality, somniculosus ; somno deditus : Cf., somnolentus later only. || IMPROPR. = slow ; tardus : lentus :segnis (SYN. in IDLE). || The drowsy disease, inexpugnabilis pæne somni necessitas (Celsus, 3, 20, in.) : veternus :lethargia (ληθαργία ; lethargy, vid.).κυρικιμασαηικο
DRUB, v. Vid. To BEAT.
DRUB, s. Vid. BLOW.
DRUBBING,To give anybody a good drubbing, male mulcare aliquem :probe percutere :bene depexum dare (to comb anybody’s head) ; verberibus or fustibus irrigare aliquem (comic only).
DRUDGE, v. se magnis in laboribus exercere (to plague one’s self) :operam servam præstare (to do mean or vile services, like a slave) ; also officia servilia facere :drudging work, opera serva :officium servile.
DRUDGE, s. homo clitellarius (Plautus, Most., 3, 2, 94); mulier clitellaria (after the former) :mulier favillæ et fumi plena (as epithet; after Terentius, Ad., 5, 3, 60) :to be a drudge, operam servam præstare :officia servilia facere.
DRUDGERY, opera serva :officium servile (a servile or mean occupation) ; servitium (the service itself) :to do all the drudgery, officia servilia facere.
DRUDGINGLY, operose ; laboriose ; magno opere or labore. SYN. in LABOR.
DRUG, v. addere aliquid alicui rei (general term, to add anything) :miscere or commiscere (cum) aliqua re (to mix up with anything [vid. To COMMIX] :affundere (to pour, as mixture, to another liquid) :medicamentum diluere (e. g., in a cup), in poculo (Curtius, 3, 6, 8) ; medicamentum temperare (Valerius, Max., 3, 8, extr. 6, both passages referring to the well-known potion which Philippus prepared for Alexander ; vid. note in To MIX). DRUG, s., venenum (general term; so that malum is added by Sallustius, Cat., 11, 3, to make it mean poisonous drug) :medicamentum [vid. MEDICINE]. || To administer drugs, dare, præbere alicui medicamentum : morbo proponere remedium (in the sense of prescribing).
DRUGGET, perhaps pannus crassior (coarse cloth or stuff, in general).
DRUGGIST,
DRUGSTER, Vid. APOTHECARY.
DRUGGIST’S SHOP, medicina taberna or medicina simply; taberna instructa et ornata medicinæ exercendæ causa (if well fitted up).
DRUM, s. || A warlike instrument, tympanum (Horatius) :* tympanum militare.Kettle drums, tympana ænea. Moorish drum, atabalus :to beat a drum, * tympanum pulsare. || Of the ear, auriculæ tympanum.
DRUM, v. * tympanum pulsare.
DRUMMER, perhaps tympanotrfba : Cf., tympanista with reference to a cymbal.
DRUMMING,* pulsatio tympani.
DRUMSTICK, * tympani plectrum.
DRUNKARD, Vid. DRINKER.
DRUNKEN,
DRUNK, || Inebriated, crapulæ plenus : bene potus (who has drunk a good deal) :temulentus : ebrius [SYN. in DRUNKENNESS] ; vino gravis; also vini (not vino) plenus ; vinolentus ; vino sepultus († stronger term, quite gone or senseless) :to make anybody drunk, inebriare ; ebrium facere ; temulentum facere :to make drunk with wine, vino onerare :to get drunk, ebrium fieri ; vino or mero se complere (to fill one’s self with wine ; vid. Plautus, Cist.,1, 2, 8) ; vino se obruere, or percutere (stronger term; comic only). || Given to habitual inebriety, ebriosus ; vinolentus :vino deditus : potator. || Done in a state of drunkenness, ebrius (e. g., verba, etc.); or with genitive, ebriorum, or per vinum, in poculis, etc. || FIG., ebrius (e. g., sanguine civium, Cicero ; dulci fortuna, Horatius; lana de sanguine conchæ, Martisalis) :to be drunk with joy, lætitia nimis efferri :drunk with joy, lætitia nimis elatus or gestiens. || Saturated with moisture, madidus :madefactus. Vid. DRENCHED, or the phrases in To DROWN, intr.
DRUNKENLY, ebrius :per vinum (i. e., by the power of wine). DRUNKENNESS, || Habitual inebriety, ebriositas : bibendi consuetudo :vinolentia (drunkenness, as an odious habit; the being given to much wine). || Intoxication, haustus (the swallowing of strong liquor or immoderate drinking) :ebrietas (represents drunkenness in the least odious light, with reference to the elevation of the spirits, etc.) :temulentia (in the more odious, as brutal excess). DRY, siccus (not wet, dry ; presupposes a previous moist state ; opposed to madidus, madefactus ; e. g., eye, wind, weather, season; hence, figuratively, without ornament, etc., of a speech) :siccaneus (of a dry nature or quality, e. g., a meadow, pratum; place, locus, post-Augustan) :aridus (of things which, from an entire want of moisture, are capable of, fit for burning; opposed to humidus, wet; succosus, full of sap, etc. ; e. g., ligna; arbor; folia; hence, FIG. = containing little matter, jejune; void of spirit, of persons and things; opposed to copiosus ; e. g., a teacher, an orator, speech, writing). (The words are found in this connection and order.) exsiccatus atque aridus (dried up and withered) :siticulosus :sitiens (properly, longing, thirsting for moisture) :torridus (opposed to uvidus ; dried up from external heat, aridus being from internal heat or dryness; e. g., a fountain, fons) :exsuccus (properly ; without juice or sap) :jejunus (figuratively; dry, jejune; without spirit, of things and persons ; opposed to plenus, copiosus, e. g., things, materials, subject for a speech, etc., res; oratio; orator; scriptor). (The words are found in this connection and order.) jejunus et aridus (e. g., tale, style, delivery, narratio, traditio) :exilis (figuratively, meagre, lean, containing little matter ; e. g., oratio) :frigidus (figuratively, frosty, feeble, of persons and things; e. g., orator; verba; jocus; negotia) :austerus (grave and dry, severe, opposed to comis, jucundus, of persons and things) :dry ( = not giving any milk), * sicca or lac non præbens :very dry, peraridus ; siccatus in ariditatem :a dry throat, fauces siecæ or aridæ :dry bread, panis siccus (not soaked in anything ; not eaten with anything to it, as wine or any other drink; vid. Hard., Plinius, 22, 25, 68) :dry food or victuals, victus aridus (containing little nutriment); viclus tenuis (scanty) :a dry joke, * jocus serio vultu prolatus :to eat dry bread, panem siccum or * sine opsonio edere :a dry style of painting, * dura pingendi ratio :dry places, siccanea (sc. loca) ; siticulosa (sc. loca) ; sitientia (sc. loca) :a dry year, annus siccus :a very dry year, siccitate insignis annus; annus, quo siccitatibus laboratur :dry weather, siccitas ; siccitates (lasting or continuing ; [vid. Herz., Cæsar, B. G., 4, 16).The dry land, siccum (that was wet or inundated before; e. g., to stand or remain on dry land, in sicco desistere, of water; vid. Livius, 1, 4); aridum (dry land, continent, where there is no water, e. g., naves in aridum subducere, Cæsar, B. G., 4, 29 ; ex arido tela conjicere, Cæsar B. G., 4, 24) :in a dry way or manner, sicce ; jejune; exiliter ; frigide [SYN. above] : graviter et severe : austere :to be dry (properly), arere; (figuratively) nullam habere sermonis comitatem :to make dry [vid. To DRY] : to become dry, arescere (Cicero) :exsiccescere (Vitruvius) :exarescere (e. g., fauces siti, Cicero) :arefieri (Plinius) :perarescere (to become thoroughly dry). DRY, TRANS. || To free from
moisture, siccare (Ovidius) ; exsiccare (Cicero) ; desiccare (Plinius); assiccare (Columella) :arefacere (Plinius) ; siccitatem inferre :torrefacere (to make dry by external heat, to parch). || To wipe away moisture, tergere ; detergere ; extergere (Cicero); abstergere (Ovidius). || To drain, exhaurire : exinanire :vacuum facere :exsiccare. || Dry tip your tears, parcite lacrymis.To dry one’s tears, lacrimas abstergere. || INTRANS., siccescere :exsiccescere : siccari :exsiccari :arescere :arefieri :exarescere : exarefieri (Plinius) ; arere (Plautus) [SYN. of siccus, aridus, in DRY, adjective].To begin to dry, subarescere :to dry thoroughly, assiccescere (Columella 12, 9, 1) :perarescere (quite through).To spread out grass to dry, herbam in sole exponere, ut siccescat (Columella 12, 28, 1). To DRY UP, TRANS., extorrere; exsiccare; urere, adurere (of the heat of the sun).INTRANS., Same verbs as “to DRY ” intrans.: inarescere (Cicero) ; penitus siccari (Columella).The rivers dried up, evanuerunt et exaruerunt amnes (Plinius).Nothing dries up sooner than tears, nihil citius quam lacrima arescit (Cicero), inarescit (Quintilianus) :To dry up before it is ripe, inarescere ante maturitatem (Columella 4, 24, 3) :
DRY-EYED, circumlocution with siccus (e. g., eyes).
DRYING-GROUND,
DRYING-PLACE, * locus, in quo fit insolatio (linteorum, etc.).
DRYLY, Vid. ” In a DRY manner,” and COLDLY.
DRYNESS, siccitas (properly ; then, also, figuratively, e. g., speech) :ariditas :aritudo (properly, drought, the former as quality, the latter as lasting state) :jejunitas :exilitas (figuratively, jejuneness, meagreness, insipidness ; e. g., of a speech) :dryness in one’s throat, fauces siccæ or aridæ :dryness of the season, cœlum siccum; siccitas; siccitates (if lasting) :this has been a season of unusual dryness, siccitate insignis annus fuit :the season was one of unusual dryness, siccitatibus eo anno laboratum est :the dryness of a discourse, orationis exilitas.
DRY-NURSE, s., assa nutrix (Front.) or assa only (e. g., vetulæ assæ, Juvenalis = “nutrix arida et vetusta, quæ lac non præstat infantibus, sed solum diligentiam et munditiam adhibet,” Schol.).
DRY-NURSE, v., curare (general term for ” taking care of”) :fovere parvulos.
DRY-SHOD, * siccis pedibus :to pass over dry-shod, * in sicco transire (the Vulgate has transire in calceamentis, Is., 11, 15).
DUAL, dualis numerus (Quintilianus, Instit., 1, 5, 42).
DUB, || To confer knighthood, * aliquem in ordinem equestrem recipere.|| To confer any dignity; vid. To CONFER.
DUB, INTR., Of any brisk noise (e. g., that produced on a drum), * celeriter rotare sonum.
DUBIOUS, Vid. DOUBTFUL.
DUBIOUSLY, Vid. DOUBTFULLY.
DUBIOUSNESS, Vid. DOUBTFULNESS.
DUBITABLE, Vid. DOUBTFUL.
DUBITATION, Vid. DOUBTFULNESS or DOUBT.
DUCAL, * ducalis :But more frequently by the genetive ducis ; e. g., * ducis horti.
DUCAT, * Ducatus, quem vocant.
DUCHESS, * dux (a female leader, in the German sense ; vid. the remark on DUKE) :ducis uxor (the consort of a duke).
DUCHY, * ducatus : ducis terræ.
DUCK, s. || A bird, anas (Martisalis). || Female of a drake, anas femina. A tame duck, anas cicur, domestica.A duck decoy, locus, ubi fiunt anatibus insidiæ. A small wild duck, anaticula fera :a wild duck, * anas fera (* anas boschas, Linnæus) :of a duck, anatinus.l| Ducks and drakes (the game so called). [Vid. DRAKE.] || (A word of endearment) charissime ; dulcissime rerum (after Horatius); corculum (Terentianus).
DUCK, INTRANS., submergere fluctibus caput. || To drop down the head, caput demittere. || To cringe, vid.
DUCK, v. TR.Vid. To IMMERSE.
DUCKER, Vid. DIVER.
DUCKING, by circumlocution, To get a good ducking, permadescere : madefieri pluvia or imbre :madidum reddi aqua :anybody has got a good ducking, madidum or madefactum esse imbre.
DUCKLING, anaticula (also as term of endearment).
DUCT, || Guidance, vid. || A passage; vid. CANAL.
DUCTILE, adjective || Easy to be drawn out into length, ductilis (Plinius). || Flexible, flexibilis (Ovidius); flexilis (Plinius); lentus (Vergilius). || Tractable, flexibilis; tractabilis (Plinius).
DUCTILENESS,
DUCTILITY, || Flexibility, vid. || Obsequiousness, obsequium :obsequentia (the latter, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) :facilitas :animus facilis (docility) :obtemperatio (an adapting one’s self to anything, alicui rei ; e. g., legibus institutisque).
DUDGEON, || A small dagger, vid. || Malice, e. g., to take in dudgeon, ægre or moleste ferre (to feel sore at, to be vexed at) ; in malam partem accipere :in aliam partem accipere ac dictum est (to put a wrong interpretation on) :he will take everything in dudgeon, est in eo animus ad accipiendam offensionem mollis (Cicero, Att. 1, 17, 2).
DUE, adverbe. g., ” to keep due on” (Shakespeare), recta via or recta (only) ; recto itinere or recto (only) :due on, in rectum (e. g., equum agere) :to be situated due east, in orientem spectare :due west, in occidentem or occasum.
DUE, adjective || Owed, debitus (Cicero).To pay money before it is due, pecuniam repræsentare (to pay it down at once in hard cash) :pecuniam in antecessum dare (Seneca, etc.). To be due, deberi alicui; alicui tribuendum esse, non venire; exspectari (of mails, etc.) :to be or fall due, in diem aliquem cadere (e. g., nummi).The day on which money is due, * dies constitutus, quo pecuniæ syngrapha solvenda est ; or * dies, post quem pignus caducum est. What gratitude is due to the gods, quanta gratia diis debetur. || Fit, idoneus; conveniens; necessarius; congruens :aptus (Cicero) :justus (belonging, as it is right) :meritus (deserved) :dignus (worthy) :Sometimes justus, rectus: legitimus.In due form, rite (Cicero).As is due, ut decet or convenit :due dignity, debita dignitas :in due manner, (ex or pro) merito.Vid. PROPER, SUITABLE.
DUE, s. || That which belongs to one, jus (Cicero) :debitum (used substantively; e. g., debito fraudari) :justum (what one can demand from others).To give every one his due, suum cuique tribuere (Cicero) :Anybody’s due, quantum alicui debeo, debes, etc. :to pay everybody his due, * quantum cuique debeamus persolvere.To be anybody’s due, deberi alicui. || What custom or law requires to be done, officii munus :debitum officium (Cicero). || Imposts, fees, etc., vectigal (general term under which decumæ, the tithe of corn ; scriptura, pasture dues ; portorium, port dues, etc., were included). Vid. TAX, s.
DUEL,
DUELLING, s., certamen singularo or duorum inter se ; pugna singularis :to challenge to a duel, aliquem provocare ad pugnam or ad certamen :to be killed in a duel, occidi ex provocatione dimicantem (Plinius) :to fight a duel with anyone, in certamen (singulare) cum aliquo descendere ; certamen (singulare) cum aliquo inire :to fight a duel with swords, ferro cum aliquo decernere. Cf., Duellum is an old form of bellum.
DUEL, v. ex provocatione dimicare (Plinius, 8, 42, 64, § 156) :in certamen (singulare) cum aliquo descendere : certamen (singulare) cum aliquo inire : ferro cum aliquo decernere (if with the sword).
DUELLER,
DUELLIST, circumlocution with the above phrases :qui ex provocatione dimicat, qui in certamen singulare cum aliquo descendit.
DUG,papilla.
DUKE, dux (a leader of the old Germani; vid. Tacitus, Hist., 4, 15, 3) :princeps (leader, prince, in general).
DUKEDOM, * ducatus : ducis terræ (his estates).
DULCET, Vid. SWEET, MELODIOUS.
DULCIFICATION, conditura (general term for preserving fruits, etc.), or by circumlocution with * saccharo condire, or * dulciculum facere, reddere, etc.
DULCIFY, Vid. SWEETEN.
DULCIMER, perhaps sambuca.
DULCORATE, Vid. SWEETEN.
DULL, adjective, hebetatus, retusus, obtusus (all properly and figuratively) :obstupefactus (figuratively of the mind) :hebes (of the eyes and understanding ; also of pain) :tardus (slow, of the intellect; also, tardus ad discendum) :caligans (not clear, of the eyes) :nubilus, nebulosus, or caliginosus (cloudy, dies, Plinius) :subnubilus(Cæsar) : languidus, languens (without power or life ; hence also of color, life, look, voice, etc.) :iners (sluggish, of the eyes, looks, voice, pain, etc.) :frigidus (cold ; e. g., thoughts) :stupidus :stupore oppressus (not in the full possession of one’s senses) :dull gold, aurum non politum :a dull color, color languidus, lentus (not bright or lively), hebes (Ovidius, Plinius) :color dilutus (washy) :color nubilus, or surdus (clouded, dull ; Plinius) :to become dull, languescere, evanescere :to be dull, hebere or obtusa esse acie (properly; to be blunt) :languere, frigere (e. g., of conversation) :caligare (of the eyes) :a dull yellow, languescens in lutum color (Plinius) :a dull noise, murmur cæcum (Vergilius).To be dull of hearing, aures hebetes habere (Cicero) :to make or render d. the eyes, the senses, hebetare sensum oculorum, sensus :a dull understanding, obtusior animi acies or vigor. || Not exhilarating, tædium, or satietatem, afferens ; odiosus ; molestus; gravis (Cicero); insuavis (Cicero). || Drowsy, sopitus ; semisomnus ; somniculosus (Cicero). || Sad, tristis; mœstus; mœrens (Cicero).
DULL, v.,TRANS. || To stupefy, stupefacere (Livius); stolidum, or insulsum, facere; hebetem reddere. || To blunt, hebetare, retundere, obtundere (to deprive of sharpness by beating, pushing, etc., properly and figuratively) :to dull the ears (Spens.), aures obtundere, aures hebetare :to dull the mind with (Ascham),
mentem, ingenium obtundere :to dull the intellect, mentis mucronem retundere, by daily use, quotidiana pugna, (Quintilianus, 10, 5, 16) :to dull one’s self for anything, hebetare atque indurare aliquem ad aliquid. || To sadden, contristare ; tristitia afficere; mœrore conficere; mœstitiam afferre (Cicero). || To weaken, debilitare; frangere; imminuere ; lenire; mitigare; infirmare (Cicero). || To damp, tardare; remittere; relaxare (Cicero). || To make weary, lassare; fatigare ; defatigare (Cicero). || To sully brightness, rei nitorem obscurare, infuscare, exstinguere (Cicero) :maculare (Nepos).
DULL-WITTED, s., ingenio cunctantior (Livius). DULLY, languide :lente :frigide [SYN. in DULL, adjective] : hebete colore (Ovidius, of a dull color) :ignare : pigre :segniter :tarde ( = lazily, etc.).
DULNESS, s. || Stupidity, stupiditas; stupor (Cicero); vigor animi obtusus; vis animi obtusa : hebes acies mentis ; obtusior animi acies or vigor; mens tarda, imbecillitas ingenii (of the understanding).|| Drowsiness, sopor (Vergilius). || Sluggishness, lentitudo; tarditas (Cicero); inertia; segnities. || Dimness, oculorum hebetatio (Plinius). || Bluntness, hebetatio; hebetudo. || Weakness, etc., infirmitas oculorum : hebes acies oculorum (of the eyes).
DULY, ut decet et par est : ut justum est :juste : legitime : recte : rite (with the proper formalities).
DUMB, adjective, mutus (by nature) :elinguis (by accident; e. g., through fear).To strike dumb, elinguem reddere (Cicero) :to grow dumb, obmutescere (Cicero).I become dumb. me deficit vox.
DUMBFOUNDER, aliquem mutum or elinguem reddere.
DUMBNESS, infantia linguæ (Lucretius) :* os mutum, or circumlocution.
DUMP, [Vid. SADNESS.]To be in the dumps, in morositatem incidere ; at anything, ægre, graviter, or moleste ferre aliquid; molestia affici aliqua re. DUMPISH, Vid. SORROWFUL, SAD, etc.
DUMPLING, Vid. PUDDING.
DUMPY, obesus (implying that it is too broad for its height ; corpus neque obesum neque graeile) :perpusillus (very little), or latus ille quidem sed brevissimo corpore.What a dumpy creature! * tantulæ staturæ hominem (after Cæsar); tam latum or obesum esse! DUN, adjective, fuscus (dark, approaching to black; of the raven, the Indian complexion, etc.) :subfuscus (darkish, blackish) :fulvus (black yellow, or red-yellow; of lions, wolves, mastiffs, sea-sand, etc.) :luteus (saffron- colored) :ravus (grey-yellow).In the general sense of dark, gloomy, vid.: Cf., furvus was an old and afterwards poetical expression for fuscus.κυρικιμασαηικο DUN, v., pecuniam incommodo exigere (i. e., when it is not convenient to pay : ipse, cui debes, se incommodo exacturum negat, Cicero, Brut., 4, 17) :or the general terms, flagitare (with pecuniam expressed, unless it is sufficiently implied) :debitorem admonere (weaker than flagitare) :pecuniam, or (if there is a note of hand for it) syngrapham persequi.
DUN, s., flagitator (Plautus, Cas., Prol., 24, and improperly Cicero, Brut., 5, 81 : flagitatorem non illum quidem tibi molestum, sed assiduum tamen et acrem) :admonitor non nimis verecundus (Cicero, but improperly, though this implies that it could be used proprie).There is a dun at any body’s door, flagitator astat ad alicujus ostium (Plautus, Most., 3, 2, 81).
DUNCE, stupidus et tardus : hebes (ad intelligendum) :baro (stupid, clod-like; bæc quum loqueris, nos barones stupemus, Cicero) :stipes, truncus (blockhead) :fœnum (Cicero, De Or., 2, 57, 233) :æque hebes ac pecus (Cicero, Divin., 1, 22, extr. from a poet).He has sent away his pupils greater dunces by far than he received them, discipulos dimidio reddidit stultiores quam acceperat.
DUNG, stercus (of persons and animals) :fimus (any kind oj manure, as fimus siccus ; i. e., ashes; [vid. Schneider, Columella, 3, 11, 4).Mouse dung, muscerda (Varro,); murinum fimum (Plinius) :sterquilinium, fimetum (a dung-hill) :belonging to dung, stercorarius :full of dung, stercorosus :to manure with dung, stercorare :to manure sufficiently with dung, stercore satiare.
DUNG, v. TRANS. agrum stercorare :lætificare (Cicero); to dung sufficiently, stercore satiare (Columella); solum pingui fimo saturare (Vergilius).The act of dunging, stercoratio (Columella).
DUNGEON, Vid. PRISON.
DUNG-HILL, * acervus stercoris :sterquilinium, fimetum (dung-pit, or place where dung is kept) . || FIG., Situation of meanness, cœnum atque tenebræ (e. g., intolerandus nescio qui ex cœno atque ex tenebris homo). || An abusive term, stercus (Cicero, De Or., 3, 41, 164); lutum (Plautus). || Mean abode, casa (cottage).
DUNG-YARD, Vid. DUNG-HILL.
DUPE, s., by circumlocution, cui fucus factus est (Terentius, Eun., 3, 5, 41) :homo, etc., fraude aliqua or alicujus deceptus, etc., or quem aliquis decepit, etc., with verbs under DECEIVE: qui facile ad credendum impellitur (easy to be duped, Cicero, Rep., 2, 10).
DUPE, v. Vid. DECEIVE.
DUPLICATE, s., litterarum secundum exemplum ; apographum (Cicero). || A duplicate of a will, tabulæ testamenti eodem exemplo ; testamentum eodem exemplo (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 108; Suetonius,Tiberius, 76).
DUPLICATION, duplicatio : geminatio (by putting together in pieces).
DUPLICATURE, Vid. FOLD.
DUPLICITY, Vid. DECEITFULNESS, DECEIT.
DURABILITY,
DURABLENESS, s., diuturnitas; longinquitas (Cicero) :firmitas :soliditas :stabilitas [SYN. in DURABLE.]That has durability, firmus, solidus :to have durability [vid. To BE DURABLE] :to give great durability to buildings, ædificiis præstare firmitates :not built for durability, * parum firme, parum solide ædificatum.
DURABLE, adjective, durabilis (Ovidius) :duraturus (that possesses the property of lasting, of bodily things) :firmus (firm, that resists external impressions, destruction ; figuratively, firm, unchangeable) :solidus (solid, and hence unchangeable) :constans (consistent, constant) :fundatus (well-grounded : these three of incorporeal things, the state of which remains unchanged) :proprius (durable in respect of the possession ; e. g., praise) :diuturnus (of time).A durable work, opus mansurum (Ovidius) :not durable, fragilis (easily broken, fragile ; figuratively, easily destroyed, transitory) :caducus (ready to fall) :fragilis caducusque : fluxus (instable, inconstant, weak) :brevis (short, in respect of time) :to be durable, firmitatem or stabilitatem habere ; stabilem ac firmum esse :to become durable, firmitatem nancisci ; corroborari ac confirmari (e. g., of friendship).
DURABLY, Vid. FIRMLY.
DURANCE, || Imprisonment, custodia. [Vid. CUSTODY.]To languish in durance, * in carcere vitam miserrimam trahere.|| Endurance, Continuation, vid.
DURATION, s., tempus, spatium (time during which anything lasts ; e. g., vitæ) :temporis spatium; diuturnitas; longinquitas (Cicero) :Infinite duration, perennitas (Cicero).
DURE, Vid. To ENDURE, To CONTINUE.
DURING, per (implying the uninterrupted continuance of an action with reference to a space of time ; e. g., per eos dies, per idem tempus) :in (with ablative denoting the time within the space of which anything has occurred).In many cases by the ablative, especially with the name of a certain employment, office, etc.; e. g., during his office as military tribune ( = while he was military tribune), tribunatu militum. Cf., Per must not be used, but in, of things taking place in, but not through the whole space : thus ” six times during the year,” [which is, however, an inaccurate use of “during”], sexies in anno, not per annum (Krebs); but inferior writers say per; e.g., Pallad., medica quater vel sexies potest per annum recidi ; also, per is right when it is denied that anything took place at all during a space, nulla res per triennium nisi ad nutum istius est judicata, Cicero : inter (literally, ” between,” denotes an occurrence coinciding with an act ; e. g., during the meal, inter cœnam ; so inter bibendum, etc.) :super (literally, “over,” denotes an occurrence that accidentally happened whilst an act was going on, e. g., during the meal, super cœnam, super epulas, i. e., at dinner = whilst in the act of dining, supping, etc.).In other cases it is rendered by a participial construction ; e. g., during my absence, me absente :during my lifetime, me vivo :even during the war, bello nondum confecto; or by “dum” with a verb in the passive voice, e. g., during the war, dum bellum geritur (i. e., whilst the war was carried on). DISK, adjective || A little dark, subobscurus(Cicero); subnubilus (Cæsar).|| A little black, subniger (Varro,); obater ; obniger; nigrans (Plinius) ; fuscus (Columella).
DUSK, s., crepusculum (evening twilight) :lux incerta. In the dusk, primo vespere; prima vesperi (the latter, Cæsar, B. C., 1, 20 ; in the early part of the evening). || Darkness of color; vid. COLOR.
DUSK, TR. Vid. To DARKEN.
DUSK, INTR., Vid. ” to grow DARK.” DUSKILY,
DUSKISHLY, Vid. DARKLY.
DUSKY,
DUSKISH,
DUSK, [Vid. DARK.] It is getting dusky, nox appetit :advesperascit.
DUST, s., pulvis (general term) :purgamenta (plural, general term for what is removed away in cleaning).Very fine dust, pulvisculus (Plautus) :file dust, scobis (Celsus) ; ramentum (Plautus) :to raise a dust, pulverem movere or excitare :to lay the dust, pulverem sedare (Phædrus, 2, 5, 18) :to shake off the dust, pulverem excutere :to reduce anything to dust, in pulverem resolvere :to lie in the dust, humi prostratum esse :to raise from the dust, aliquem ex humili loco, or ad dignitatem producere :a fellow raised from the dust, nescio qui ex cœno et tenebris homo :dry dust,
pulvis siccus (Columella) :thick dust, pulvis densus (Livius); pulvis altus (i. e., lying thick, Livius) :not to be able to see for the dust, pulvis officit prospectui (Livius), or adimit prospectum, or aufert prospectum oculorum :covered with dust, pulveris plenus ; with dust and sweat, pulvere ac sudore perfusus (Curtius) :his shoes were all covered with dust, multus erat in calceis pulvis :a cloud of dust, nubes pulveris (Curtius); nubes pulverea († Vergilius with Curtius); vis magna pulveris (Cæsar) :to lay the dust by watering, humum conspergendo pulverem sedare (Plautus) :the dust has settled, pulvis consedit :a thick cloud of dust rises from the ground, nigro glomeratur pulvere nubes (Vergilius, Æn., 9, 33) :to cover with dust, * pulvere conspergere, opplere :covered with dust, pulverulentus :dust-brush, scopæ :scopæ virgeæ :penicillus. || FIG. 1. (=dissolution, grave), dissolutio, with or without naturæ :to return to dust, solvi, with or without morte (†); corporis vinculis evolare (Cicero, Somn., Scip., 2). Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com 2. To tread in the dust, obterere aliquem :to be lying in the dust, contemtum jacere, etc. :we are but dust and ashes, pulvis et umbra sumus (A.) :to throw dust in anybody’s eyes, alicui fucum, ut dicitur, facere velle (Quintilianus, Cicero, ap. Cicero); nebulas cudere (comedy) :alicui glaucomam ob oculos objicere (Plautus, Mil. 2, 1, 70) :to throw dust in the eyes of one’s hearers, verborum et argutiarum fuliginem ob oculos audientium jacere (Gellius, 1, 2).