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DISAPPOINTING, spem fallens, frustratus, etc. To feel or think anything disappointing, molestiam trahere or capere ex re.
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DISAPPOINTMENT, destitutio (the being deserted by anybody, who has broken an implied or actual promise) :successus nullus (want of success) :frustratio(e. g., quo magis me petiverunt, tanto majorem iis frustratio dolorem attulit, Planc, ap.Cicero, Epp., 10, 23, 25) :malum, incommodum (an evil; an annoyance) :repulsa (rejection of one’s suit).To meet with a disappointment (= refusal), repulsam ferre. You shall not meet with a disappointment (= refusal), haud repulsus abibis; quidquid me ores, impetrabis (after Plautus, Capt. 3, 2, 14).Mostly by circumlocution. I have met with a disappointment, spes me fefellit, delusit, frustrata est; spe deceptus sum ; a spe destitutus sum.After this disappointment, ubi id parum processit (when this attempt failed, Livius).Anything has been a great disappointment to me, molestiam trahere or capere ex aliqua re.
DISAPPROBATION, improbatio (opposed to approbatio) :dissuasio (dissuading from ; opposed to adhortatio) :reprehensio : vituperatio (censure; opposed to probatio, laus); shouts of disapprobation, acclamatio (vid. Latin Dict.).To meet with disapprobation, improbari (not to be approved of); vituperari; in vituperationem venire (to be blamed).
DISAPPROVAL, Vid. DISAPPROBATION.
DISAPPROVE, non probare :improbare :reprobare (opposed to probare, approbare) :damnare :condemnare (condemn ; opposed to approbare) :dissuadere aliquid or de re (dissuade from ; opposed to auctorem esse alicujus rei or adhortari) :reprehendere :vituperare (censure; opposed to probare, laudare).To disapprove greatly of anything, aliquid vehementer reprehendere ; valde vituperare.
DISARM, exarmare (also improperly = “to make harmless ;” e. g., accusationem, Plinius, Ep., 3, 9, 29) :dearmare : armis exuere (only properly ; the first, Livius, 4, 10) :armis despoliare aliquem (Cæsar) :arma militibus deripere († Horatius) :lenire :mitigare (improperly to soften down; e. g. anybody’s wrath, alicujus iram).
DISARRAY, v. || Undress; vid. || Throw ranks into confusion, turbare (ordines); perturbare (exercitum) ; confundere (ordines).
DISARRAY, s. || Undress, vid. || Disorder, confusion, perturbatio (e. g., exercitus) :ordines incompositi.
DISASTER, incommodum (unpleasant, inconvenient occurrence; often as euphemistic term for a defeat) :malum : res mala or adversa (evil) :casus adversus or infestus (mischance, mishap) :adversa fortuna (adverse occurrence) :calamitas (misery occasioned by great damage or loss ; also by war) :clades (disastrous occurrence ; especially of disastrous military occurrence).A great disaster (i. e., disastrous defeat), magna clades atque calamitas :to cause a great disaster, cladem inferre; magnam cladem facere (Sallustius) :to bring a great disaster upon a state, etc., magnam alicui (e. g., populo Romano) cladem afferre :to meet with a disaster, cladem accipere :a great disaster, (maximam) calamitatem capere or accipere :Disasters ( = mishaps, mischances), incommoda, plural ; res adversæ or incommodæ :to meet with disasters, in res adversas incidere :to meet with nothing but disasters, multum malarum rerum sustinere ; omnia mala aliquem consectantur :to bear disasters, mala ferre or perpeti :calamitates perferre (Cæsar), tolerare (Cicero), ferre (Nepos) ; to save anybody from a disaster, calamitate prohibere aliquem :disheartened by these disasters, his prœliis calamitatibusque fractus.
DISASTER, v. Vid. To BLAST, INJURE, etc.
DISASTROUS, miser : calamitosus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) funestus et calamitosus : infelix :adversus :malus :luctuosus : gravis : tristis :infestus (SYN. in CALAMITOUS).A disastrous event, clades :calamitas. (The words are found in this connection and order.) clades atque calamitas :incommodum : malum : casus adversus or infestus :a most disastrous war, acerbissimum atque calamitosissimum bellum :a disastrous fire, calamitosum incendium. Disheartened by these disastrous battles, his prœliis calamitatibusque fractus. Disastrous times, tempora gravia, iniqua.
DISAVOW, abnuere (opposed to annuere; to signify by nods, winks, etc., that a supposition is erroneous ; e. g., abnuere crimen) :infitiari (in Terence, etc., infitias ire, opposed to confiteri ; to deny some fact affecting one’s interest; e. g., a debt, infitiari debitum, so infitiari depositum, etc.) :repudiare (to reject ; e. g., consilium) :improbare (to express diapproval of; as in ” to disavow parts of the proclamation”) :diffiteri (rare ; but classical ; with accusative only, Ovidius; diffiteri opus) :non agnoscere aliquid (opposed to confiteri or suum esse dicere) :* negare aliquid or aliquem suum esse.He disavows all suspicion, negat nec suspicari :to disavow the authorship of anything, * diffiteri opus [after Ovidius, Am., 3, 14, 28], librum, etc., * negare se aliquid scripsisse.
DISAVOWAL, infitiatio (especially disavowal of a debt, etc.) :improbatio (declaration of one’s disapproval of a person or thing) :repudiatio (rejection) ; or by circumlocution DISAVOWMENT, Vid. DISAVOWAL.
DISBAND, dimittere (military proper word; e. g., exercitum, etc.) :mittere :missos facere :missionem dare (to give soldiers, etc., their dismissal) :sacramento or militia solvere (to free from their obligation to serve) :exauctorare (Livius ; not pre-Augustan : in the time of emperors to dismiss those who had served at most 16 years, whereas mittere was applied to those who had served 20 years or more; vid. Tacitus, Ann., 1, 36; Bremi ad Suetonius, Oct., 24).That all the troops should be disbanded and sent home, ut omnes milites exauctorati domum dimitterentur (Livius) :to disband themselves, se exauctorare (Livius).Disbanded, missicius (e. g., missicii Prætoriani, Suetonius,Ner., 48).
DISBARK, Vid. DEBARK, DISEMBARK.
DISBELIEF, perhaps dubitandi obstinatio (general term for unbelief) :diffidentia (want of confident reliance on a statement, fact, etc.; e. g., diffidentiam rei simulare, Sallustius, Jug., 60, 5).Circumlocution by non credere :they strengthened the conspiracy by their disbelief of its existence, conjurationem nascentem non credendo corroboraverunt.
DISBELIEVE, non credere :fidem non habere alicui or alicui rei (e. g., insanorum visis) :fidem non adjungere alicui rei :fidem non tribuere alicui rei : aliquid verum (esse) non putare : parvam alicui fidem habere (Terentianus).We are not so much to disbelieve the fact as to inquire into the reasons of it, non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quærenda est :when fables began to be disbelieved, quum fabulis minor haberetur fides.
DISBOWEL, exenterare (pre- and post-classical).
DISBURDEN, exonerare (to relieve from a burden, properly ; e. g., navem, stomachum, alvum, ventrem; and figuratively, animum sollicitudine; conscientiam meam, both Curtius) :levare :liberare :solvere (figuratively, to free from) :to disburden one’s self of anything, deponere aliquid (to lay aside; e.g. curas) :expedire se aliqua re (to extricate one’s self from; e. g., cura) :to disburden one’s heart (of care), allevare sollicitudines animum exonerare sollicitudine (Curtius, 4, 13, 22) :to disburden one’s heart ( = make a full statement of what oppresses it), totum se patefacere alicui; expromere occulta sua (Terentianus) :”to disburden a country surcharged with multitude of inhabitants” (Hale), exonerare plebem coloniis deductis (Livius) :” to disburden itself into … ” (of a river), exonerare se in (with accusative Plinius).
DISBURSE, solvere : exsolvere :persolvere : pendere : expendere :numerare :dinumerare (comedy) :dissolvere :dependere [SYN. in PAY] : erogare (ask for it out; properly, to take money out of the treasury [ex ærario] after application to the people ; the purpose for which, in with accusative ; e. g., pecuniam in classem ; also of private disbursements ; Cicero, Att., 8, 5, fin.) :promere : depromere (to take out ; depromere aliquid ex arca, ex ærario).
DISBURSEMENT, erogatio (rare, but classical ; pecuniæ, Cicero) :solutio (act of paying, Cicero) :pensio (payment ; of several ; e. g., prima pensio) :Cf., expensio post-classical (Code Theodosius).
DISBURSER, by circumlocution, qui erogat, etc.; Cf., erogator, solutor, late. divisor, agent who disburses money in bribes to electors.
DISC, discus (the disc or quoit of the ancients) :orbis (any round, but flat body).The sun’s or moon’s disc, orbis solis, lunæ (vid. Plinius, 2, 9, 6).
DISCARD, || Cast off a person, dimittere aliquem (e. g., a soldier or servant) :repudiare (to reject, etc.; e. g., istos comites, Plautus ; duces, Cæsar) :To discard a friend, removere se ab amicitia alicujus (Cicero, Læl., 21, 77) or ab aliquo (Cicero, Att., 4, 8, 6, § 3) ; repudiare amicitiam alicujus (Cicero) ; deficere ab amicitia alicujus (Nepos, Con., 2) ; renunciare amicitiam alicui (Livius). || Reject or get rid of a thing, rejicere (e. g., socordiam, Plautus) :rejicere et aspernari (Cicero) :removere (e. g., avaritiam, superbiam, Sallustius ; moram, Plautus ; sumptum, Cicero) :repudiate (e. g., iracundiam, virtutem, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) spernere et repudiare :repudiare rejicereque : exuere (to strip off anything, humanitatem omnem; feritatem, etc.) :nuncium remittere alicui rei (to divorce one’s self from it; e. g., virtuti, Cicero) :relegare (to banish, † ambitionem, Horatius) :to discard the feelings of humanity, omnem humanitatem exuere :to discard all suspicion, suspicionem deponere :whatever suspicion one has entertained, omnem offensionem suspicionis, quam habuerat aliquis deponere :to discard anxiety, exonerare animum sollicitudine.
DISCERN, discernere (Curtius ; see an object so as to distinguish it from others; aliquid or aliquem ; aliquid or aliquem ab aliquo); dispicere (properly; mostly neuter ; figuratively, of the mind, with accusative). (The words are found in this connection and order.) discernere et dispicere : internoscere (to know an object amongst others, from which one distinguishes it). Cf., ” To discern one thing from another,” or ” between one thing and another,” is either discernere, or internoscere hoc et illud, or hoc ab illo ; e. g., to discern black from white, alba et atra discernere (so probanda atque improbanda ; insidiatorem et petitum insidiis) :to discern between panthers and pards, discernere pantheras a pardis (so id quod visum erat a falso, Cicero) :His blinded intellect discerned none of these things, horum nihil dispexit cæcata mens :to discern between a true and a false friend, secernere blandum amicum a vero et internoscere :to discern a deserving person from an undeserving one, internoscere dignum et indignum : Cf., discernere, internoscere, etc., may also have a dependent interrogative clause; e. g., internoscere visa vera sint ilia, an falsa (Cicero); animus discernit, quid sit ejusdem generis, quid alterius (Cicero). ||See clearly, cernere :videre [SYN. in SEE]. (The words are found in this connection and order.) cernere et videre :sentire ac videre (of mental perception ; accusative and infinitive).
DISCERNIBLE, aspectabilis :quod cerni potest :quod aspectu sentitur :quod in cernendi sensum cadit :conspicuus :oculis subjectus (plainly discernible) :to be discernible, oculis cerni ; cadere sub aspectum, or sub oculos, or in cernendi sensum : aspectu sentiri :to become discernible, sub aspectum venire : in conspectum dari :apparere : oculis subjici : se aperire (of stars, etc.).To make discernible, subjicere oculis, or sub oculos, or sub aspectum :dare in conspectum :Too small to be discernible, minor, quam ut cerni possit :the light of the sun causes the stars themselves to be no longer discernible, in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni (Quintilianus).
DISCERNIBLY, manifesto : ita ut facile appareat.
DISCERNING, intelligens (understanding, having a sound judgement, etc.; e. g., intelligentium judicium ; opposed to vulgi judicium) :acutus :acer : perspicax :sagax. SYN. in SAGACIOUS, vid.
DISCERNMENT, || The distinguishing between objects, distinctio (e. g., veri a falso, Cicero).|| Intelligent insight into things, intelligentia (understanding ; survey taken by means of it, and distinct knowledge thereby acquired, alicujus rei) :perspicientia (a seeing through, clear understanding, veri, Cicero, Off., 1, 5, 14) :prudentia :sapientia (higher discernment, thus distinguished by Cicero in philosophy ; that sapientia is discernment of the nature of God and mankind, and the relations in which these stand to each other; but prudentia, the knowledge of that which we should choose as good and avoid as evil ; cf. Off., 1, 43, 153; of anything, alicujus rei) :judicium (faculty of judging ; then judgement founded on knowledge) :cognitio (clear knowledge and discernment acquired in a thing; in anything, alicujus rei) :want of discernment, imprudentia :a man of great discernment, vir prudentissimus ; vir multi or magni constlii ; vir consilii plenus :men of education and discernment, viri docti et eruditi :nothing escapes his discernment, nihil est, quod non perspiciat :with discernment, sapienter; prudenter :to have or possess discernment, intelligentia valere or præstare (especially great discernment) :to possess understanding and discernment, rationis et intelligentiæ participem esse :to possess great discernment, prudenter intelligere (e. g., of an orator, Cicero, Brut., 6, 23) :to possess deep discernment, alta mente præditum esse :to possess more discernment than some one, plus, quam aliquis, habere prudentiæ :to have discernment in anything, intelligentiam alicujus rei habere :to have a clear discernment of a thing, plane videre aliquid.
DISCERP, discerpere.
DISCERPIBLE, quod discerpi, dirimi, or distrahi potest (Cicero).The soul is not discerpible, animus nec secerni, nec dividi, nec discerpi, nec distrahi potest (Cicero) :A body that is not discerpible, corpus, quod dirimi distrahive non potest.
DISCERPIBILITY, by circumlocution. To deny the discerpiblity of the soul, * negare animum discerpi posse.
DISCERPTION, divulsio (late ; Hieron).
DISCHARGE, || Emission of a fluid, effluvium (the flowing out ; e. g., humoris ex corpore, Plinius) :profluvium (the flowing forth; e. g., sanguinis; alvi, etc.) :fluxio (classical, Freund ; of blood from the nose, sanguinis e naribus, Plinius ; from the eyes, oculorum, Plinius).|| Dismissal, missio (the proper word, of soldiers ; Obs., missio gratiosa, as a favor ; honesta, after the full time of service, causaria, on account of illness, infirmity, etc.; justa or injusta, with or without good reasons, ignominiosa, as a disgrace) :dimissio (of servants or soldiers).To give anybody his discharge, dimittere aliquem ; missionem dare alicui ; exauctorare aliquem (exauctorare was used, in the times of the empire, of soldiers who had served but 16 years at most; mittere, etc., of those who had served 20 years or more; vid. Tacitus, Ann., 1, 36 : comp. Bremi, Suetonius, Oct., 24) :aliquem militia or sacramento solvere :to give anybody his discharge as a mark of disgrace, cum ignominia dimittere aliquem ; aliquem ignominiæ causa removere ab exercitu :to receive one’s discharge, dimitti; missio datur alicui; militia or sacramento solvi :to demand one’s discharge, missionem postulare or exposcere; missionem efflagitare (in a violent manner) :to apply for one’s discharge, missionem rogare. || Discharge of artillery, etc., emissio (e. g., tormenta telorum emissiones habent, Cicero); or circumlocution by * tormentum (or -a) mittere or emittere :discharges of artillery in honour of anybody, * tormenta honoris causa emissa :to salute anybody with discharges of artillery, * tormenta honoris causa emittere (to fire a salute). || Discharge in consequence of an acquittal, absolutio (general term, with genitive of the charge) :liberatio (the act of freeing, or the being freed).
DISCHARGE, v., TRANS., || Unload, exonerare (e. g., a ship’s cargo, exonerare navem or navigium; Cf., but exinanire navemis an opprobrious expression ; exonerare plaustrum) :exinanire (to empty; navem, used opprobriously, Cicero; onustum vehiculum, Plinius). || IMPROPR. (α) To pay ; to discharge a debt, æs alienum solvere or dissolvere ; ære alieno exire :to discharge debts, debita solvere ; nomina dissolvere, exsolvere, expedire :to discharge a debt by taking up money, versura solvere or dissolvere :to discharge one’s debts, liberare se sere alieno :to discharge his debts wholly or in part, liberare aut levare se ære alieno :to call upon anybody to discharge a debt, nomen exigere :to discharge the debt of nature, debitum naturæ reddere :to discharge the debt we owe to our country, solvo patriæ, quod debeo. (β) To perform a duty, get rid of an obligation ; to discharge a duty, officium præstare, or facere, or exsequi :to discharge every particular of one’s duty, nullam officii partem deserere [more under DUTY] ; officio suo fungi ; officio suo satisfacere (seldom, and not in Cicero, explore officium ; implere officii sui partes) :to discharge a duty conscientiously, * munere sibi delato religiose fungi :not to discharge a duty, officio suo deesse ; deserere officii sui partes ; ab officio suo decedere, recedere :to discharge a commission, mandatum conficere, perficere, peragere, exsequi, persequi :in the most accurate manner, exhaurire mandatum. (γ) To let off a gun, etc., telum mittere, emittere, permittere (the last, so as to hit the mark) :to discharge guns, tormenta mittere or emittere (Cf., tormenta bellica explodere or displodere, not Latin) :to discharge an arrow, sagittam expellere arcu (†). || Dismiss (a soldier), aliquem militia or sacramento solvere ; aliquem exauctorare; aliquem dimittere (general term, soldiers or servants) : to ask to be discharged, missionem postulare. || To DISCHARGE ITSELF (of rivers, etc.); in mare effundi, or se effundere ; in mare fluere or effluere ; in mare erumpere : in mare, etc., sese exonerare (Plinius).
DISCHARGE, INTRANS., A wound discharges, pus exit, effluit, or effunditur ex vulnere.
DISCIPLE, s.,discipulus : auditor (a hearer ; e. g., Theophrasti). (The words are found in this connection and order.) auditor et discipulus (Cicero) :assecla (follower, hanger-on, but only with contemptuous meaning: Cf., sectator, assectator not till Silver Age).Disciples of Aristotle, Zeno, etc., ab Aristotele, a Zenone profecti :our friends the disciples of Plato and Aristotle, nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele :to be a disciple of anybody, disciplina or institutione alicujus uti ; uti aliquo magistro ; aliquem magistrum habere (to have anybody for one’s master); aliquem audire (to attend anybody’s lectures) ; esse or profectum esse ab aliquo (to belong to his school of philosophy) :aliquem sequi or persequi (to receive his doctrines) :to become anybody’s disciple, tradere se alicui in disciplinam. The Romans used to express the disciples of anybody by an attributive; the disciples of Pythagoras, Socrates, etc., Pythagoræi, Socratici, etc.
DISCIPLE, v.,* disciplina or ad disciplinam informare aliquem :* ad legem or disciplinam instituere aliquem :religione imbuere aliquem :* institutionibus suis erudire aliquem.
DISCIPLESHIP, by circumlocution :discipulatus (very late; Tertullianus).
DISCIPLINARIAN,A strict disciplinarian., severissimi imperii vir : diligens imperii (Nepos, Con., 1, 2) :diligens disciplinæ (Velleius,
1, 6).
DISCIPLINE, s., disciplina. Want of discipline, immodestia : intemperantia (want of subordination ; e. g., among soldiers) :licentia (want of restraint, licence).Bad domestic discipline, mala domestica disciplina :to subject anybody to severe discipline, aliquem severius coercere; aliquem tristiore disciplina continere :to preserve strict discipline, disciplinam severe regere :in his family he preserved, in little and great things alike, not only a strict, but even a severe discipline, domesticam disciplinam in parvis et majoribus rebus diligenter adeo severeque rexit :is this your discipline? or what discipline is this? quinam sunt hi mores? quænam ista licentia est? || Military discipline, disciplinam militiæ or rei militaris (Livius) :disciplina militaris (Cf., In this sense, never disciplina bellica, i. e., the art of war) :militiæ disciplina; from context, disciplina only :severe military discipline, disciplina severa ; disciplina severitasque :bad military discipline, disciplina solutior or laxior :to preserve strict military discipline, disciplinam militarem severe conservare (Livius, 39, 6); disciplinam militarem severe regere (after Suetonius, Cæsar, 48) ; disciplinam acerrime exigere (Suetonius, Tiberius, 19) :* milites severa disciplina coercere :to introduce too severe a military discipline, disciplinam militarem præfractius et rigidius astringere (Valerius Max. 9, 7, 7) :military discipline relaxes, ceases, disciplina solvitur, or dissolvitur, or prolabitur (Livius) :to relax, etc., military discipline, disciplinam militarem solvere (Livius), resolvere (Cicero); disciplinam severitatemque dissolvere (Auct., B. Afr., 65) :Lucio Scipio preserved a strict military discipline, disciplina militaris a Lucio Scipione severe conservabatur (Livius, 39, 6) :want of discipline, immodestia :intemperantia :to restore the ancient military discipline, disciplinam militarem restituere (Livius) or ad priscos mores redigere; antiquam duram militiam revocare (Tacitus) :to preserve discipline, milites coercere et in officio continere.
DISCIPLINE, v. To discipline anybody, aliquem regendum suscipere :to discipline troops, milites coercere et in officio continere (of preserving discipline among them) :* exercitum justæ militiæ or militari disciplinæ assuefacere. Disciplined troops, exercitus parentior :well-disciplined troops, milites optima disciplina instituti (Livius).
DISCLAIM, renunciare alicui rei; also aliquid alicui (to give up as if by a formal declaration ; e. g., the Stoics, Stoicis ; public business, publicis officiis ; anybody’s friendship, amicitiam alicui) :dimittere or remittere aliquid (to let anything.go) to disclaim an opinion, remittere opinionem animo (to give up an opinion one has entertained) : sententiam aspernari or contemnere (despise it) :repudiare (to reject; e. g., consilium) :improbare :(omnino) non probare (not to approve of) :spernere :aspernari (to despise, and therefore reject) :recusare (to refuse; e. g., amicitiam populi Romani) :abjicere aliquid (to fling it away; e. g., honorem et gloriam) :infitiari aliquid (especially a debt) :negare :pernegare (the latter rare ; to deny).Cf., A substantive after disclaim is often translated by an infinitive after negare :he disclaimed any intention of not respecting their territories, fines eorum se violaturum negavit :he disclaims all recollection, negat sememinisse; all knowledge of, scisse se, id vero pernegat (Terentianus); negat se scire :he disclaims all suspicion of, negat nec suspicari (Cicero) :to disclaim a son, abdicare filium :anybody’s jurisdiction, imperium alicujus detrectare; dominationem alicujus detrectare.
DISCLAIMER, || One who disclaims, detrectator (post-classical, Petronius, Aus.) :infitiator (one who denies a deposit or debt).Cf., Repudiator (Tertullianus) and improbator, very late. || Plea of denial, negatio (denial) :negatio infitiatioque facti (Cicero).
DISCLOSE, aperire (open ; general term, in almost every sense of “disclose’) :pandere :expandere (to open; of flowers, etc., florem) :nudare :retegere (to disclose thoughts, secrets, etc.) :expromere :in medium proferre (to publish for the advantage, etc., of others) :manifestum facere : patefacere (to reveal ; e. g., a crime, plot, etc.) :enunciare : vulgare :in lucem proferre (to reveal what one should keep secret) :communicare aliquid cum aliquo (to communicate it to him, consilium suum cum aliquo) :prodere (to betray) :detegere (common after Augustan age; does not occur in Cæsar ; Cicero, joins patefactus et detectus ; insidias, L.; consilium, Livius ; mentem, Quintilianus ; animi secreta, Q.) :indicare (e. g., rem patri, Terentius ; alicui de epistolis) :indicium alicujus rei afferre ad aliquem (Cicero); indicium deferre ad aliquem (Tacitus ; to disclosea crime to a magistrate ; of an accomplice).To disclose to anybody all one’s secrets, omnia arcana apud aliquem expromere : κυρικιμασαηικοto disclose the secrets of one’s heart, animi arcana proferre :he discloses his opinion, sententiam suam aperit :to the captain of the vessel who he is, domino navis, quis sit, aperit :to disclose the mysteries, enunciare mysteria :to disclose itself, se aperire (general term, and especially of flowers) :se pandere ; florem expandere (of flowers) :dehiscere (Plinius ; of the rose) :se detegere (to discover itself ; e. g., mores – se detegunt) :we must wait till the thing discovers itself, exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiat.Cf., For disclosing thoughts, etc., recludere and reserare are almost entirely poetical.
DISCLOSURE, indicium (disclosure of a crime to a magistrate; e. g., conjurationis) :patefactio (e. g., rerum opertarum, Cicero ; very rare) :delatio (disclosure of a crime to a magistrate) :to make a disclosure to anybody, demonstrare or significare aliquid alicui :communicare aliquid cum aliquo : certiorem aliquem facere de re : indicium alicujus rei ad aliquem afferre : indicium deferre ad aliquem. [Vid. To DISCLOSE.] Often by circumlocution ; Alcibiades saw that he should gain much popularity by this disclosure, sensit Alcibiades, id si aperuisset, magnam se initurum gratiam (Nepos, Alc., 9, 5) :if the disclosure of this conspiracy is due to me, ista conjuratio si patefacta per me est.
DISCOLORATION, decoloratio (Cicero) :coloris mutatio.
DISCOLOR, decolorare; with anything, aliqua re : colorem alicujus rei vitiare (Seneca ; as definition of decolorare) :colorem alicujus rei mutare or immutare (of a simple change of color) :splendorem alicujus rei maculare (used figuratively by Cicero) :To be discolor, discolorari : colorem mutare (of a state, colorem mutasse).A discolored corpse, decoloratum corpus mortui (Auct. Herenn.).
DISCOMFIT, v. Vid. To DEFEAT.
DISCOMFITURE, DISCOMFIT, s. Vid. DEFEAT, s.
DISCOMFORT, s., mala corporis affectio (bodily discomfort) :incommodum :incommoditas (anything that is inconvenient, disagreeable, annoying; the latter mostly post-Augustan) : (animi) perturbatio (uneasiness of mind) :cura (uneasiness, apprehension) :sollicitudo (anxiety) :angor (distress and anguish of mind from apprehension of an impending evil) :ægritudo (distress of mind, caused by a present evil) :molestia (trouble; depression of spirits) :Cf., inquietudo post-Augustan, (Seneca). To suffer discomfort, incommodum capere or accipere :aliquo affici incommodo (to suffer any inconvenience, annoyance, etc.) : molestiam trahere (ex aliqua re) ; molestiam capere ; perturbari ; commoveri ; permoveri ; sollicitum esse de re :nothing caused me more discomfort than, etc., nihil me magis sollicitabat, quam, etc. :to cause any discomfort to anybody, alicui aliquid sollicitudinis afferre (any anxiety); molestiam alicui aspergere (Cicero) or afferre (Terentianus); alicui aliquid incommodi importare ; aliquem aliquo incommodo afficere (to cause him any annoyance, inconvenience, hurt, etc.); without discomfort, sine incommodo; sine molestia :” to bear anything without discomfort,” aliquid æquo animo ferre :to our great discomfort, nostro incommodo :to suffer no discomfort, incommodi nihil accipere :Vid. UNEASINESS.
DISCOMFORT, v.,aliquem perturbare, commovere, permovere ; aliquem or alicujus animum conturbare (to distress, agitate, etc.) :sollicitare aliquem or sollicitum facere : alicui aliquid sollicitudinis afferre (cause him anxiety) :agitare aliquem or alicujus animum (to agitate him) :molestiam alicui aspergere (trouble him) :incommodi aliquid importare alicui :alicui incommodare (cause him inconvenience, annoyance) :Cf., inquietare (Seneca, Plinius).
DISCOMMEND, improbare.Vid. To BLAME, To CENSURE.
DISCOMMENDATION, improbatio.Vid. BLAME, CENSURE.
DISCOMMODE, Vid. INCOMMODE.
DISCOMMODIOUS, Vid. INCOMMODIOUS, INCONVENIENT.
DISCOMMODITY, Vid. INCONVENIENCE.
DISCOMPOSE, dissolvere (opposed to conglutinare; e.g. concordiam, amicitias; so Clarendon speaks of “discomposing confidence”).
DISCOMPOSURE, turbidus motus (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 33, init.) :perturbatio (especially of the mind, animi) :animi (or mentis) concitatio (excited state of the mind) :æstus (unsettled state of mental doubt and perplexity) :angor : sollicitudo :molestia :ægritudo (SYN. in ANXIETY) :Cf., inquies (opposed to quies) very rare; nocturna, Plinius.
DISCONCERT, || Disarrange, defeat plans, schemes, etc., conturbare (throw in confusion; e. g., alicui omnes rationes) :perimere (utterly destroy or defeat, alicujus consilium, Cicero) :pervertere (overthrow; e. g., spem, consilia) :infringere :confringere (to break to pieces infringere conatus alicujus, Cæsar ; confringere consilia, Cicero) :discutere (to shake to pieces ; to defeat, an attempt, rem, Cicero, Livius ; consilia, Front.) :dirimere (consilium,
Sallustius).To be disconcerted (of a plan, etc.), irritum fieri :ad irritum cadere, recidere, or venire ; spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur :thus was this attempt disconcerted, ita frustra id inceptum iis fuit. || Unsettle a person’s mind, etc., animum perturbare, perterrere; aliquem or alicujus animum conturbare ; animum alicujus de statu or de sede sua demovere ; animum alicujus perterritum loco et certo de statu demovere ; mentem e sede sua et statu demovere ; percutere aliquem :to disconcert anybody by the quickness of one’s resolution, aliquem consilio opprimere (Cicero, Cæcin., 14, 44) :to be disconcerted, de gradu or de statu suo dejici, de statu suo discedere, demigrare; mente conefdere; perturbari; animo consternari (Cæsar); by anything, aliqua re :to be disconcerted (of a continuing state), sui, or mentis, or animi non compotem esse ; minus compotem esse sui : mente vix constare :not to allow one’s self to be disconcerted, non dejici se de gradu pati : by anything, non perturbari in re, nec de gradu dejici, ut dicitur, sed præsenti animo uti et constanti (Cicero, Off., 1, 23, 80); also æquo animo ferre aliquid :being quite disconcerted, deficiente consilio :though disconcerted by this blow, he still held out, hac ille percussus plaga non succubuit (Nepos, Eum., 1).
DISCONCERTED, perturbatus :confusus :to be disconcerted, perturbari de aliqua re :to look disconcerted, ore esse confuso :to look utterly disconcerted, ore confuso magnæ perturbationis notas præ se ferre.
DISCONFORMITY, Vid. DISAGREEMENT.
DISCONGRUITY, Vid. UNCONGRUITY, DISAGREEMENT.
DISCONNECT, disjungere :sejungere :separare : segregare :dirimere :divellere :distrahere :dividere. SYN. in SEPARATE, vid.
DISCONNEXION, sejunctio (from anything, ab aliqua re) :disjunctio (from anything, alicujus rei) :separatio :abruptio (violent breaking off; e. g., of a marriage) :distractio. SYN. in SEPARATION, vid.
DISCONSOLATE, || Destitute of comfort, etc., a spe alienus : spe destitutus : cujus dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest.To be disconsolate, jacere; * nihil consolationis admittere ; esse perculso et abjecto animo (to be quite dispirited); jacere or versari in mœrore (both Cicero); vincit omnem consolationem dolor. Cf., Inconsolabilis, poetical, Ovidius, but improperly, inconsolabile vulnus. To look disconsolate, vultu mœsto uti ; vultu mœsto or tristi esse; vultu animi dolorem præ se ferre [vid. DEJECTED]. || Not affording comfort ; cheerless, injucundus : * omni vitæ commoditate destitutus. “Disconsolate darkness,” tetræ tenebræ :* tristes tenebræ.
DISCONSOLATELY, insolabiliter (only once; Horatius) :afflicto or fracto animo : demisso fractoque animo :tristi animo.
DISCONTENT, s., animus non contentus or male contentus (but seldom absolutely ; mostly with ablative, suo, suis rebus, sorte sua, etc.).Sometimes molestia :offensio :ægritudo : odium alicujus rei, etc. To feel discontent, pœnitet aliquem rerum suarum ; at anything, non contentum esse aliqua re ; ægre or moleste ferre aliquid ; molestiam ex aliqua re capere ; offendi aliquare; offensionem accipere ; ad aliquam rem offensionem habere et fastidium (Cicero) :from discontent at their own lot, odio rerum suarum (Sallustius).Vid. DISSATISFACTION.
DISCONTENT, adjective, Vid. DISCONTENTED.
DISCONTENT, v., * facere or efficere, ut aliquem fortunæ suæ or rerum suarum pœniteat : aliquem ex tranquillo iratum facere (after Plautus, Cist., 3, 21).
DISCONTENTED, sua sorte non contentus (dissatisfied with one’s lot, condition, etc.) :morosus (peevish, hard to please, in general) :rerum mutationis cupidus; regis inimicus (of political discontent ; the former referring to the constitution or state of affairs, the latter to the person of the prince).To be discontented, sua sorte non contentum esse (with one’s lot or condition); se finibus suarum rerum non continere (not to be satisfied to remain in one’s original sphere or state); novis rebus studere; novas res quærere (of political discontent) :discontented with anything, non contentus aliqua re :indignans or indignatus aliquid (indignant at it) :to be discontented with anything, non contentum esse aliqua re ; graviter, moleste, or ægre ferre ; iniquo animo ferre aliquid (Cicero ; Cf., inique ferre, late ; Suetonius, Lactantius) :aliquem pœnitet alicujus rei; accusare aliquid :damnare aliquid (to find fault with ; e. g., Darius was discontented with all that his generals had done, Darius, quæ per duces suos acta erant, cuncta damnabat, Curtius) :indignari aliquid (to be indignant at it) :To make anybody discontented ; Vid. To DISCONTENT, DISSATISFIED.
DISCONTINUANCE, DISCONTINUATION,omissio : intermissio :cessatio :intercapedo [SYN. in CESSATION] :The long discontinuance of anything, longis intervallis interrupta res (e. g., consuetudo, Cicero).
DISCONTINUE, omittere :dimittere (to leave off entirely) :abjicere (to give up, not to continue) :desinere (to practice no longer ; e. g., artem) :desistere re or a re (to desist from a thing) :intermittere (to leave off for some time) :tollere, abolere (to remove, abolish) :to discontinue a siege [vid. SIEGE] ; to discontinue a journey, iter supprimere :to discontinue a building, ædificationem abjicere :to discontinue a war, ab armis recedere :to discontinue a custom, morem solvere or abrogare :to discontinue a dissolute course of life, dissolutiori vitæ modum ponere.
DISCONTINUOUS, interruptus :interceptus :intermissus (e. g., planities collibus intermissa) :non continuus : rei or rebus non continuatus et junctus.
DISCORD, || PROPR. In music, discrepans in fidibus aut tibiis concentus (vid. Cicero, de Rep., 2, 42), or by neuter of dissonus and absonus, or circumlocution ; as absonum, dissonum quiddam canere :to perceive no discord in anything, in aliqua re nihil absonum deprehendere :a good ear perceives the slightest discord in instrumental music, in fidibus, quamquam paullum discrepent, tamen id a sciente animadverti solet :to guard against any possible discord, videre, ne forte quid discrepet. || FIG., Want of agreement, symmetry, discrepantia (Vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 31, 111). || Disagreement, discordia :dissensio : simultas :dissidium (Cf., Not discidium). [Vid. DISAGREEMENT]. To sow the seeds of discord, to sow discord, discordiam concitare; semina discordiarum, or odiorum, jacere (spargere) :discordias serere; among citizens, civiles discordias serere ; civium dissensiones commovere or accendere :now at last let all discord cease, sit discordiarum finis aliquando.
DISCORD, v.,discordare (ab aliqua re ; a se ; one with another, inter se) :dissidere (with ab, cum, inter se or absolutely) :dissonare (very rare; not pre-Augustan, Vitruvius and Columella) :discrepare (seldom properly, ab, cum ; sibi, inter se, or absolutely).” The one jarring and discording with the other'” (Bacon), discordes inter se.Vid. To DISAGREE.
DISCORDANCE, Vid. DISCORD.
DISCORDANT, || PROPR. Of sounds, discors (e. g., symphonia, Horatius ; but mostly improperly) :absonus : dissonus (the former with reference to the right note or key, or to a pleasant sound : the latter, to its disagreement with the other notes, instruments, voices, etc) :|| IMPROPR. Disagreeing with, etc., discors (absolutely; secum ipse; in plural, inter se, with each other; also dative, filius patri, Velleius ; in anything, aliqua re) :absonus (with ab, or [ = alienus, “inconsistent with”] with dative, absoni a voce motus ; absonus fidei divinæ originis, both Livius) :dissonus (not pre-Augustan ; nor in Vergilius, Horatius, or Ovidius ; first in Livy ; ab or absolutely ; in anything, aliqua re) :vix or non satis consonus (cf. Cicero, Att., 4, 16) :discrepans :dissentiens :dissidens : non congruens [SYN. in DISAGREE].To be discordant [vid. To DISCORD]. || = At variance with itself, a se ipse dissidens secumque discordans (Cicero).
DISCOUNT, v., * repræsentare pecuniam, deductione, or decessione aliqua facta : * pecuniam in antecessum dare (Seneca) deductione (or decessione) aliqua facta, or cum aliqua deductione.To get a bill, etc., discounted, jacturam aliquam facere in repræsentando (i. e., to give up part of a sum due, on condition of immediate payment, Cicero, Att., 12, 29, 3).
DISCOUNT, s., * jactura in repræsentando facta (after Cicero, Att., 12, 29, 3) or * deductio propter pecuniam repræsentatam, or in antecessum datam facta.To pay discount, jacturam facere in repræsentando (Cicero, Att., 12, 29, 3) :to take discount, * deducere aliquid propter pecuniam in antecessum datam.
DISCOUNTENANCE, v. || Put out of countenance, pudorem alicui injicere or incutere (†) :ruborem alicui afferre (Tacitus ; to shame anybody; make him blush) :confundere aliquem or alicujus animum (disconcert him). || Discourage; afford no countenance to, improbare aliquid :non probare aliquid (not to approve of) :aversari aliquid, or aliquem, or (Plinius) aversari et damnare aliquem (in Aur. Victor, vultu notare aversato) :averso or alieno ab aliquo animo esse (Cicero) :aversum esse alicui rei (Horatius) or (better in prose) ab aliqua re (e. g., mercaturis, Horatius) :ab aliquo alienum or alieniorem esse : alicui non æquum esse : aliquid non æquis oculis aspicere († Vergilius) :alicui non favere (not to support or encourage him) :respuere aliquem or aliquid : aliquem aspernari et respuere (to despise and reject him) :averso animo excipere aliquem (to receive him with marks of dislike, etc., Tacitus, Hist., 4, 80).
DISCOUNTENANCE, s., animus aversus or (Seneca) aversior :improbatio (disapproval, rejection).To show discountenance ; vid. To DISCOUNTENANCE.
DISCOURAGE, || To deprive of courage, depress, frangere aliquem or alicujus
animum (opposed to erigere) :alicujus animum infringere, affligere or percellere : spem alicui eripere or auferre : animum or spem alicujus debilitare. To be discouraged, cadere animis (of one, animo; unless verb is plural; Cicero) :animo (or, of more than one, animis) concidere (B. G., 8, 19; which, however, Herzog says is too strong, and almost affected) :percelli (perculsum esse, of the stale) :desperare (to despair) :animum demittere or despondere ; se animo demittere (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29) :animo deficere (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 30). (The words are found in this connection and order.) debilitari animumque demittere (Cæsar, De Fin., 5, 16).To begin to be discouraged, animus labat.He exhorted them not to be too much discouraged, cohortatus est, ne se admodum animo demitterent. || Dissuade or deter from, deterrere, absterrere aliquem a or de re (or with ne, quin, quominus) :repellere or avertere aliquem a re [vid. DETER] :dehortari aliquem a re (or with ne : to dissuade from) :dissuadere aliquid or de re. or ne aliquis faciat aliquid :avocare aliquem a re. Cf., Not dissuadere alicui aliquid, which occurs first in Seneca, DISCOURAGEMENT, || Act of discouraging, dissuading, etc., dissuasio alicujus rei (act of dissuading ; very rare : once Cicero, and Auct., Herenn : Cf., dehortatio very late ; Tertullianus) :avocatio a re or re facienda (act of calling one off from anything ; very rare ; once Cicero).|| Thing which discourages, res, quæ aliquem (ceteros, etc.) terret ; res, quæ aliquem or alicujus animum frangit, percellit, etc. ; res, quæ aliquem deterret, absterret, repellit, or avertit a re : impedimentum (hindrance).To conquer discouragements, invictum esse ad ea, quæ ceteros terrent (Curtius); impedimenta superare :to remove all discouragements, removere omnia, quæ obstant et impediunt.
DISCOURAGER, dissuasor (dissuader ; alicujus rei) :Mostly by circumlocution qui dehortatur, deterret, etc. a re. Vid. DISCOURAGE.
DISCOURSE, s. || Rational power of drawing inferences, etc., ratio, intelligentia. (The words are found in this connection and order.) ratio et (or atque) intelligentia. || Conversation, vid. || A discourse = a regular speech uttered or written, oratio (general term) ;concio (delivered to an assembly of the people, soldiers, etc.) :sermo doctus (learned discourse) :short discourse, oratiuncula :to deliver a discourse, orationem habere, agere, or dicere (general term) ; concionari, concionem habere (to the people, soldiers, etc.) :to compose a discourse, orationem facere or conficere :to prepare a discourse, orationem meditari or commentari :to read a discourse, deliver a written discourse, orationem de scripto dicere [vid. SPEECH]. || Treatise, dissertation, etc., sermo (delivered orally; on any subject, de aliqua re habitus) :disputatio : liber :Vid. TREATISE.
DISCOURSE, v., confabulari cum aliquo ; sermones serere or cædere ( κόπτειν λόγους or ῥήματα, of several persons conversing together, Comic) :disputare, disserere (to treat of subjects in philosophy, etc.) :to discourse secretly on any dangerous subject, occultis sermonibus serere aliquid (Livius 7, 39, init.).
DISCOURTEOUS, inurbanus (unpolite) :inhumanus (ofpersons or things) :agrestis (of persons or things). (The words are found in this connection and order.) agrestis et inhumanus (of things ; e. g., negligentia) :illepidus (of disagreeable persons) :inofficiosus (not ready to perform the duties of civility to those to whom it is due; to anybody, in aliquem , Cicero) :To be discourteous, ab humanitate abhorrere (of anybody’s character); inhumaniter facere (of a single act).
DISCOURTEOUSLY, inurbane, rustice :inhumaniter (Cicero) :illepide.
DISCOURTEOUSNESS, inhumanitas :inurbanitas : rusticitas [SYN. in INCIVILITY] :mores inculti or rustici.
DISCOURTESY, [vid. DISCOURTEOUSNESS].I wondered at his discourtesy, in setting off without offering to convey any letters to you, miratus sum istum tam inhumaniter fecisse, ut sine meis litteris ad te proficisceretur.
DISCOVER, || Find; find out, vid. || Disclose; vid.
DISCOVERABLE, by circumlocution, quod inveniri, reperiri, excogitari potest :Anything is easily discoverable, aliquid excogitationem non habet difficilem (Cicero).
DISCOVERER, inventor, feminine, inventrix : qui invenit aliquid (e. g., fruges, novam voluptatem : Cf., repertor is poetical and post-classical) :auctor (first introducer, etc.) :parens († e. g., lyræ, Horatius) :architectus (one who constructs, devises, etc., anything). (The words are found in this connection and order.) architectus et princeps : architectus et machinator (the latter of something bad) :index (of one who discloses a plot, etc.; informer).The discoverers of sculpture, fingendi conditores :a discoverer of new words, inventor novorum verborum. Vid. AUTHOR.
DISCOVERY, || Act of finding out, inventio. excogitatio (by thought, contrivance, etc.) :investigatio (the tracing it out till found). (The words are found in this connection and order.) inventio atque excogitatio. Often by participle :the Egyptians claim the discovery of medicine, medicinam Ægyptii apud ipsos volunt repertam (Plinius).Long before the discovery of the arts, multo ante inventas artes :to make a discovery, invenire aliquid; alicujus rei auctorem esse : excogitare aliquid (to make it out ; devise it) :animadvertere, deprendere aliquid (notice it, and so detect it) :Vid. also, below. || Thing discovered, inventum :res inventa. res excogitata (cleverly devised) :ars nova (new device ; Nepos) :commentum (an imaginary discovery ; in Livius ; and afterwards “an invention;” e. g., mechanicum, Suetonius) :quod aliquis invenit, excogitavit, etc. Cf., “A discovery” is never inventio, but inventum. It is better to join it with an adverb (e. g., useful discoveries, bene, utiliter, etc. inventa) : brilliant discoveries, divinitus inventa) ; but sometimes an adjective, is found e. g., optima inventa, Quintilianus, 5, 12, 19. A petty or trifling discovery, (minuta) inventiuncula.To make a discovery ; vid. above.To make many discoveries in anything and apply them to practice, multa in aliqua re nova afferre (Nepos).No discovery is perfected at once, nihil est simul et inventum et perfectum :not to publish one’s brilliant discoveries, * quæ quis divinitus excogitavit in lucem non proferre :to be acquainted with the discoveries of modern philosophy, * novæ philosophiæ inventa tenere :our forefathers made many splendid discoveries, multa a patribus divinitus inventa sunt. A voyage of d.iscovery, * navigatio novarum terrarum inveniendarum or cognoscendarum causa suscepta (iter – susceptum for a traveller).To make a voyage of discovery, nova quærentem navigare :* nova quærere.No discoveries of man can equal the operations of nature, nemo opifex naturæ solertiam imitando consequi potest (Cicero) :A talent for discovery, ingenium ad excogitandum acutum : animus sollers. || Disclosure, indicium (of an informer, etc.) :enunciatio (of what ought to be kept secret). Vid. DISCLOSURE.
DISCREDIT, s. || Want of credit (= reputation), dedecus :probrum. (The words are found in this connection and order.) probrum et dedecus : ignominia et dedecus :dedecus et infamia :macula et dedecus [SYN. in DISGRACE].To be a discredit, aliquid infamiam habet or infert; fit aliquid dedecori; to anybody, aliquid alicui est turpitudini, or ignominiæ, or probro, or infamiæ, or dedecori :anybody is a discredit to me, aliquis mihi est dedecori or maculæ et dedecori ; aliquis me dedecorat :to be a discredit to one’s family, familiam dedecorare :to be no disgrace to the Antonines, nou deesse nomini Antoninorum :to be in discredit, existimationem perdidisse (to have suffered loss of reputation) ; in invidia esse (to be unpopular ; of a public character) :to fall into discredit, in dedecus incurrere (Cicero) :de existimatione sua aliquid perdere, deperdere; existimationis detrimentum or jacturam facere (to suffer a loss of reputation); auctoritatem, dignitatem amittere : dignitatis jacturam facere (to suffer loss of rank, etc.) ; in invidiam venire : invidiam subire (to suffer loss of popularity; of a public character) :to bring discredit upon anybody ; anybody into discredit, de fama alicujus detrahere (to injure his reputation); alicujus auctoritatem levare (to lessen his influence) ; invidiam alicui facere, conflare (make him unpopular) :alicujus famam dehonestare (to cause loss of reputation) :to the discredit (of), cum probro et dedecore :to our discredit, cum nostro dedecore :to think anything a discredit to anybody, ducere alicui aliquid probro. || Want of credit( = belief), fides parva, afflicta, affecta (diminished confidence in anybody’s honor) :Anything has been brought into dishonor, minor alicui rei habetur fides (e. g., fabulis) :to bring anything into discredit, abrogare fidem alicui rei (e. g., quæ res fidem abrogare orationi, Cicero); imminuere alicujus rei fidem (e. g., orationis, Cicero) :to bring anybody into discredit, infirmare fidem alicujus or alicui (Cicero); alicujus fidem minuere ; fidem or fidem et auctoritatem derogare alicui rei (of some personal quality; e. g., alicujus virtuti, generi, etc.) :* facere or efficere, ut alicui rei minor habeatur fides :fidem levare († Horatius ; multa fidem promissa levant) :the suspicion of fraud throws discredit on anybody’s testimony, alicui ita habetur fides, ut nulla sit in eo fraudis suspicio.
DISCREDIT, v. || Not to believe, alicui or alicui rei non credere ; fidem non habere ; abrogare fidem alicui or alicui rei; fidem alicui denegare ; alicui rei fidem non adjungere:[Vid. DISBELIEVE.]To be discredited, alicui rei fides non habetur ; aliqua res nullam habet fidem ; alicui rei fides derogatur.To cause anything to be discredited, alicui rei
or alicujus rei fidem abrogare or derogare; fidem alicujus rei imminuere. || To deprive of good reputation ; vid. to be a discredit to;” “to bring discredit on,” under DISCREDIT, s.
DISCREDITABLE, inhonestus :dedecoris plenus : turpis, etc. [vid. DISGRACEFUL].To be discreditable, turpitudini, dedecori, or probro esse, etc. Vid. “to be a discredit,” etc., under DISCREDIT, s.
DISCREET, consideratus (of persons and things) :prudens :providus :cautus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) prudens et providus : cautus et providus : diligens : gravis [SYN. in CIRCUMSPECT] :sanus (having a sound understanding, and acting according to its dictates) :constans (morally and intellectually firm ; steady, consistent, etc.; constantissimus ; opposed to amens, Cicero, Rosc. Am., 14, 41).
DISCREETLY, considerate : caute :diligenter :attente : circumspecto judicio :prudenter :providenter (Cicero, Sallustius; Cf., provide late; Plinius).
DISCREETNESS, vid. DISCRETION.
DISCREPANCE, discrepantia. Vid. DIFFERENCE, DISAGREEMENT.
DISCREPANT, vid. DIFFERENT.
DISCRETE, discretus : divisus discretusque : discretus ac separatus : disjunctus.
DISCRETION, || Prudence, cautio :circumspectio : prudentia :circumspectum judicium : circumspectio et accurata consideratio :diligentia :gravitas (opposed to levitas SYN. in CIRCUMSPECTION) :constantia (opposed to amentia or furor. Vid. Benecke ad Cicero, Cat., 2, 11, 25).Sometimes consilium : judicium :to come to years of discretion, in suam tutelam venire or pervenire; sui juris fieri, or (if the growth of the intellect is to be intimated) * ad aliquam in consilio capiendo prudentiam pervenisse ; or * ad aliquam intelligendi prudentiam pervenisse :to have almost arrived at years of discretion, prope puberem ætatem esse :to use one’s own discretion in acting according to circumstances, consilium capere ex re et ex tempore (Cicero); libere ad summam rerum consulere (opposed to ad præscriptum agere, Cæsar).To act without discretion, temere agere :to have no discretion, temerarium esse ; nullius esse consilii :it requires much discretion, res est multæ diligentiæ. || Power of acting without control, arbitrium or (in ablative) arbitratus (anybody’s decision as final) :voluntas (will).At my discretion, ad arbitrium nostrum libidinemque ; meo arbitratu :at discretion, ad libidinem; ex libidine; libere (freely; e. g., libere ad summam rerum consulere ; opposed to ad præscriptum agere, Cæsar B, C, 3, 51) :to leave anything to anybody’s discretion, alicui or alicujus arbitrio permittere aliquid :to authorize anybody to act at his own discretion in anything, permittere alicui liberum arbitrium de (Livius) :this ought to be left entirely to your discretion, id tui arbitrii debet esse (after Livius, 37, 52).I have sent you my speech ; you may keep it or publish it at your own discretion, orationem misi, ejus custodiendæ et proferendæ arbitrium tuum (Cicero, Att., 15, 13). || To surrender at discretion, se in fidem victoris permittere ; se suaque omnia potestati or fidei victoris, or in fidem atque potestatem victoris permittere; libero victoris arbitrio se permittere; arbitrium victoris exspectare; armis positis ad victoris fidem confugere.
DISCRETIONARY, by circumlocution. A discretionary power, infinita potestas (an unlimited power, Cicero) :arbitrium (with a possessive pronoun, or liberum, etc.) :To have discretionary power, sui esse arbitrii; * libere posse ad summam rerum consulere (of an officer in war ; after Cæsar, B. C., 3, 51).A lieutenant has no discretionary power, legati sunt partes ad præscriptum agere (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 51) :to give anybody discretionary power in anything, permittere alicui liberum alicujus rei arbitrium ; dare alicui facultatem, ut aliquid suo arbitratu faciat or faceret (Cicero, 1, De Fin., extr.).You have a discretionary power, tuum est arbitrium (i. e., whether you will do this or that).
DISCRIMINATE, || Distinguish between; distinguish, distinguere (e. g., oratorum genera). (The words are found in this connection and order.) dijudicare et distinguere (e. g., similia ab incredibilibus) :distinguere ac separare (e. g., ea crimina) :distinguere atque dividere (Cicero, Pis., 28, 69) :internoscere : κυρικιμασαηικο secernere. (The words are found in this connection and order.) secernere et internoscere :discernere. (The words are found in this connection and order.) discernere et dispicere.I should be glad to know how they may be discriminated, qua nota internoscantur, scire velim (Cicero). [Vid. DISCERN, for SYN. and the construction.] || Separate, vid. Cf., Discriminare is used in the sense of separating by Varro, Cicero, [once] and Livy ; in the sense of distinguishing by Seneca,; discriminare, tempora vigiliarum somnique, Livius ; Cassia via Etruriam discriminat, Cicero.
DISCRIMINATING, || Distinguishing.A discriminating mark, nota (Cicero, Or., 23) :discrimen (e. g., res – quæ pares maxime videantur – discrimine aliquo discernere, Quintilianus, 10, 2, 10). || Intelligent, acute, intelligens : subtilis :acutus :sagax :perspicax.A discriminating mind, subtile judicium ; perspicax prudentia ; mens acuta, sagax, etc.
DISCRIMINATION, || Act of discriminating. The nearest words are delectus (choice exercised in the selection of objects). (The words are found in this connection and order.) delectus et discrimen. Mostly by circumlocution. To exercise discrimination in anything, delectum quendam habere in re; delectum adhibere ad aliquid (Cicero) ; alicui rei delectum adhibere (Tacitus).Without neglecting the discrimination of divine things from human, salvo divinarum humanarumque rerum discrimine (Livius) ; without discrimination, delectu omni et discrimine remoto (Cicero); nullo discrimine (Sallustius) :the mind was so affected as to lose all power of discrimination, animus ita est affectus, ut rem cum consilio et cura perspicere non potuerit (Cicero) || Discriminating judgement, judicium subtile, judicii subtilitas :judicium acre, peracre; verissimum judicium (e. g., habere). || Setting apart; separation, Vid. SEPARATION.
DISCURSIVE, || Roving, etc., instabilis : vagus, etc. || Argumentative; proceeding from premises to conclusions, ratiocinativus (Cicero, Quintilianus).The discursive faculty, ratio :* ea animi pars, qua colligitur aliquid per aliud (after Quintilianus, 5, 10, 11). Cf., Not argumentosus, which is ” rich in materials,” etc.; argumentosum opus, Quintilianus.
DISCUSS, disputare :disserere (to treat of a philosophical subject, etc.) : (verbis) disceptare (aliquid or de re, of two parties disputing with each other to determine what is true or right, but without hostile feeling ; Döderlein) :to discuss a question, quæstionem excutere ; explicare aliquid or de re (to develop it ; put it in a clear light) :to discuss a matter secretly, occultis sermonibus serere aliquid (Livius 7, 39, in.).
DISCUSSION, disputatio (colloquy on a disputed subject, between two or more persons ; of a polemic character and methodically conducted) :disceptatio (contest of two parties, in which grounds are brought forward and examined with a view to a decision) :controversia (controversy ; each parly believing himself right, and defending his view of some disputed point) :certamen (contest).Violent discussions, contentiones concertationesque in disputando pertinaces; concertationum plenæ disputationes :to have a discussion with anybody, cum aliquo mihi disceptatio contentioque est :to commence a discussion with anybody, cum aliquo certamen instituere (Cicero ; of two philosophers) :to come into or under discussion, in controversiam venire; in disputationem venire (Columella, 5, 1) :to be present at a discussion, disputationi interesse ; * operam dare sermoni disputantium.
DISCUSSIVE (medical technical term), quod discutit or digerit (e. g., discutit, febrem ; digerit humorem, etc., Celsus).
DISDAIN, s., fastidium (Cf., fastus poetical and post- Augustan prose). (The words are found in this connection and order.) superbia et fastidium :fastidium arrogantiaque :superbia (pride) :contemptus :contemptio : despicientia :(The words are found in this connection and order.) contemptio et despicientia :spretio [Livius ; SYN. in CONTEMPT].A disdain of anything, (insolens) alicujus rei fastidium.With disdain; vid. DISDAINFULLY.
DISDAIN, v. || Despise a person or thing, fastidire aliquid (perhaps not pre-Augustan) :dedignari (perhaps not pre-Augustan ; most frequently in Ovidius) :spernere :aspernari ; respuere :(The words are found in this connection and order.) aspernari et respuere :repudiare :despicere : despicatui habere, contemnere :(The words are found in this connection and order.) contemnere ac despicere :despicere et contemnere :contemnere et pro nihilo ducere :despicere et pro nihilo putare :spernere et repudiare [SYN. in DESPISE] ; aliquid infra se ducere (e. g., omnia humana, Cicero) :aliquid despicere atque infra se positum arbitrari (Cicero). || To disdain to do anything, fastidire aliquid facere (probably the first prose author who uses it is Livius) :dedignari aliquid facere (Ovidius, Tacitus, etc.) :spernere (poetical; e. g., partem de solido die demere, Horatius) :contemnere (poetical; e. g., lippus innngi, Horatius) :aspernari (Stat.; Tacitus, Ann., 4, 46) :refugere (poetical; e. g., tendere barbiton, Horatius) :Cf., With the exception of fastidire (which is used by Livius), none of these words are followed by infinitive in the Golden Age by prose writers ; hence a different turn must be given to the expression; e. g., facere aliquid non suæ dignitatis esse statuere ; suæ majestatis esse non censere (of gods, princes), etc. ; turpe or turpe et indignum putare; or for “to disdain
to do it,” substitute ” will by no means do it,” etc. In my opinion you should disdain to ally yourself to a man of his character, huic te socium neutiquam puto esse oportere.Of general truths, facere aliquid in aliquem non cadit may be used :the good man disdains to tell a lie, mentiri in bonum virum non cadit.
DISDAINFUL, fastidiosus (Cf., fastosus very rare and post-Augustan) :superbus :arrogans :insolens (SYN. in ARROGANT) :magnificus (e. g., magnifica verba, Livius, 37, 10 ; of one who had been speaking, superbe in se et contemptim).
DISDAINFULLY, fastidiose (Cicero, Planc., 27, 65 ; but mostly in the sense of ” with the nicest, most fastidious accuracy,” etc.) :arroganter :insolenter :superbe (-ius, -issime). (The words are found in this connection and order.) superbe insolenterque (Livius) :contemtim (contemptuously). (The words are found in this connection and order.) superbe et contemtim (Livius) :cum contemtu ; cum fastidio.To speak disdainfully of anybody, contemtim de aliquo loqui; in aliquem superbe quædam et insolenter concionari (in an address to soldiers, etc.).
DISEASE, subst., morbus : ægrotatio (“morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem, ægrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate,” Cicero, Tusc., 4, 13 ; morbum is the general term for the change that constitutes disease as opposed to health, and is chiefly objective ; ægrotatio is more subjective, relating to the suffering of the individual ; morbum is not necessarily felt, the cause may not have produced its effect ; but ægrotatio must be felt; it is a suffering state.Both may be used improperly ; but ægrotatio seldom is.Pliny uses ægrotatio of plants, 17, 24, 37 ; Cf., ut ægrotatio in corpore, sic aegritudo in animo; it must not, therefore be used of bodily disease) :causa (as medical technical term, that which produces an illness ; e. g., sani – tantam causam metuentes, Celsus, 3, 3.So Seneca, Plinius, etc.) :valetudo (properly, ” the state of anybody’s health;” so that infirma, adversa, ægra must be added, unless “bad health” is implied from the context; e. g., angit me Fanniæ valetudo.Contraxit hanc, dum, etc., Plinius, Ep., 7, 19, init.). Cf., Invaletudo is rather ” indisposition ;” but in Cicero, Orelli has substituted valetudo for it from Codd.Vid. his note on Att., 7, 2, l. A contagious disease, contagio :morbus, qui contagione ipsa vulgatur (after Livius, 3, 6, 3; ministeria in vicem ac contagio ipsa vulgabant morbos) :lues (of a pestilential character) :an epidemic disease, pestilentia (pestis, poetical) :a trifling disease, morbus levis :a severe disease, morbus gravis :a dangerous disease, morbus periculosus :not dangerous, but tedious, non periculosus sed longus :an hereditary disease, * morbus patrius (inherited from a father ; e. g., pedum dolor, Plinius, Ep., 1, 12, 4); * morbus, qui per successionem quandam traditur (after Plinius, Ep., 1, 12, 4; plerumque morbi per successiones quasdam, ut alia, traduntur) :diseases that return periodically (i. e., at the same season of the year), valetudines certo tempore recurrentes :to be subject to periodical diseases (of the bowels, etc.), commoveri statis temporibus (alvo, capite, etc., Plinius).To be suffering from disease, ægrotare (opposed to valere); ægrotum esse ; in morbo esse ; morbo laborare or affectum esse ; morbo vexari or conflictari ; iniqua valetudine conflictari ; ægro corpore esse ; infirma atque ægra valetudine esse :to be suffering severely from disease, graviter or gravi morbo ægrotum esse :to be suffering from a disease that is likely to end fatally, ægrotare mortifere ; mortifero morbo affectum esse ; novissima valetudine conflictari :to fall ill of a disease, in morbum cadere, incidere, delabi (all Cicero) :to be ill of a disease ; vid. ” to be ill :” to die of a disease, morbo (aliquo) mori; a morbo perire; in morbum implicitum [accusative agreeing with person] mori or decedere :to be carried off by a disease, morbo opprimi (Cicero), absumi (Sallustius), consumi, confici (Sallustius), or perire (Nepos) :to cure a disease, morbo mederi; morbo curationem adhibere (properly to treat it); morbum depellere :to remove the cause of a disease, morbum evellere :to recover from a disease, ex morbo convalescere ; ex morbo recreari :vires recolligere; morbo defungi; ex morbo evadere :a disease increases, morbus gravescit, aggravescit or ingravescit ; morbus crescit ; morbus or valetudo increscit morbus fit amplior; morbus superat or prævalet (is getting beyond the possibility of cure) :is diminishing, morbus minuitur, senescit ; levior esse cœpit :is stationary, morbus consistit, subsistit or quiescit; leaves me, morbus decedit a me ; returns, repetit ; varies, morbus variat ; is spreading itself among the lower orders, vis morbi vagatur per ignota capita. || Disease of plants, morbus (e. g., even trees have their diseases, infestantur etiam arbores morbis) :ægrotatio :ægritudo : malum : vitium (all Plinius, 17, 24, 37).The disease affects the roots, in radices erumpit vis morbi ; the extremities (of the boughs), vis morbi erumpit in cacuminum digitos, qui longissime a toto corpore exeunt (Plinius ; comparing it, however with the human body) :diseases peculiar to fig-trees, peculiaria fici vitia (Plinius) :figs are the most liable to this disease, maxime id fici sentiunt :liable to a disease, morbo alicui obnoxius :this disease is occasioned by close, damp weather, nascitur hoc vitium tepore humido et lento (Plinius) :to suffer from a disease, aliquo morbo laborare :aliquid vitium sentire.
DISEASE, v., morbum alicui inferre or incutere ; aliquem valetudine tentare (e. g., of an unhealthy autumn).To be diseased, ægrotare, ægrotum esse, etc. [Vid. “to be suffering from DISEASE.”] To be diseased in mind, ab animo ægrum esse; animus ægrotat : miserum esse ex animo (of wretchedness ; Plaut., Trin., 2, 3, 6).|| DISEASED, æger (general term for every sort of illness or uneasiness, whether of body or mind ; also of plants ; and improperly, of the state, etc.) :ægrotus (actually ill; Döderlein is wrong in confining it to the body only ; ægrotus animus, Terentius ; ægrota respublica, Cicero) :morbidus (very rare; of animals and things ; apes, Varro ; corpus, Plinius ; pars, Lucretius) :affectus valetudine. (The words are found in this connection and order.) invalidus et æger :æger atque invalidus :infirmus atque æger :A disease (state of the) commonwealth, ægra, or ægra sauciaque or ægrota respublica :disease in mind, æger animo :a diseased mind, æger animus (Sallustius, Livius); saucius animus (Cicero, Att., 1, 17, 1) :the diseased parts, affectæ partes (e. g., oris : opposed to integræ, Celsus).
DISEMBARK, TR., exponere ( the proper word, either persons or things, merces – milites, copias, exercitum) ; with or without e nave or navibus (Cæsar) ; in terram (Cæsar) ; in litore (Suetonius, Justinus); of troops also copias e classe educere (Nepos) :to prevent anybody from disembarking, aliquem navibus egredi prohibere (Cæsar) :an opportunity of disembarking, occasio egressus (Hirtius, Bell. Afr., 3). Cf., In is found both with accusative and ablative; in terram (Cæsar); in terra (Velleius, 2, 79, 4); so in Africa (Livius, 28, 44, 10); also without preposition, quibus regionibus exercitum exposuisset (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 29). || INTRANS., escendere ; exire, with or without in terram, in litus (†) :exponi (Horatius). (e) navi egredi or egredi only; exscensionem facere (Livius; of the admiral) :to disembark at Erythræ, at Delphi, etc., ad Erythras exscensionem facere (Livius); Delphos escendere (Livius, 29, 11); on the continent, in continentem exscensionem facere (Livius).
DISEMBARKMENT, exscensio (a favorite term of Livy’s; not Cæsar or Cicero) :egressus (Cæsar) :to effect a disembarkment, exscensionem facere.The best place for disembarkment, optimus egressus (Cæsar B. G., 5, 8) :after the disembarkment of the troops, exposito exercitu.
DISEMBARRASS, solvere, exsolvere, relaxare aliquem aliqua re :eximere, exuere aliquem aliqua re :expedire aliquem aliqua re, also a, ex re :exonerare aliqua re (disburden him of) :levare, liberare aliquem re. (Cf., extricare not Cicero ; vid. To FREE). To disembarrass one’s self, se exsolvere or relaxare (aliqua re) se expedire ab aliqua re (all, e. g., occupationibus) :dejicere or depellere aliquid (fling it off by an effort) :se abducere ab aliqua re (e. g., ab omni cura reipublicæ).
DISEMBARRASSMENT, liberatio alicujus rei (from anything).(The words are found in this connection and order.) liberatio et vacuitas alicujus rei (e. g., omnis molestiæ, Cicero) :levatio alicujus rei (e. g., doloris, officii debiti, Cicero).Mostly circumlocution.I am very glad to hear of your disembarrassment from …, quod te a re expedisti, valde mihi gratum est.
DISEMBITTER, condire (e. g., oleas albas nisi condieris, propter amaritudinem illas respuit palatum, Varro) :amaritudinem hebetare (after Plinius, 24, 11, 64) :suavem reddere.
DISEMBODY, || Discharge from military service; [vid. DISBAND]. || To free from the prison of the body, corporis vinculis plane relaxare (e. g., se, Cicero) :Disembodied, * in his compagibus corporis non jam inclusus (after De Seneca, 21, 77) :qui (quæ, quod) ex corpore excessit (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 32, 78) :corporis expers (without a body; Cicero).They assert that disembodied spirits still live, aiunt animos manere, e corpore quum excesserint.
DISEMBOGUE, TRANS., effundere (e. g., se in oceanum, Plinius).|| INTRANS., se effundere :effundi; into the sea, in mare effundi or se effundere ; in mare fluere, infiuere ; in mare erumpere (with violence) :in mare decurrere (Livius), deferri (Plinius), evadit (Curtius), evolvi (Plinius). Vid. DISCHARGE.
DISEMBOWEL, exenterare (pre- and post-classical) :eviscerare (poetical
and post-classical, prose).
DISENCHANT, * incantatum or effascinatum præstigiis exsolvere.
DISENCUMBER, onere liberare or levare; anybody of anything, exonerare aliqua re : levare, liberare or solvere aliqua re : demere alicui aliquid.To disencumber one’s self of, expedire se (e. g., ab omni occupatione, Cicero ; ærumnis, cura, Terentianus) :exsolvere se (e. g., occupationibus).I have met with many hindrances, of which I have not yet effectually disencumbered myself, multa me impedierunt, quæ ne nunc quidem satis expedita sunt (Cicero) :to disencumber one’s self of cares, curas deponere :to disencumber the mind of its griefs, ægritudinem abjicere or exuere (both Cicero).Vid. To FREE.
DISENCUMBRANCE, liberatio (alicujus rei) :liberatio et vacuitas alicujus rei (Cicero) :levatio (e. g., ægritudinis, doloris).
DISENGAGE, solvere : dissolvere :separare :segregare : sejungere :secernere :abscindere :semovere :disjungere [SYN. in DETACH] :liberare (to free) :expedire aliquem (a, or ex re, or re) :exsolvere (re, ex re) :To disengage one’s selffrom anybody, se sejungere ab aliquo; anybody from anybody, disjungere aliquem ab aliquo; divellere aliquem ab aliquo (violently) :to disengage myself from a cause I have hitherto supported, dissociare causam meam :to disengage myself from business, expedire se ab occupatione :exsolvere se occupationibus : relaxare se ab occupationibus (partially) :to disengage one’s thoughts from external objects, a consuetudine oculorum mentis aciem abducere :revocare mentem a sensibus (Cicero) :cogitationem ab consuetudine abducere (Cicero) :[Vid. DETACH.] || To be disengaged ; vid. next word.
DISENGAGED, || Detached, etc., past participle of the verbs. || Unoccupied, occupationibus exsolutus (if one has freed one’s self from business) :vacuus (with nothing on one’s hands to do : or, of time, etc., with nothing requiring to be done; also of a female not married or engaged to be married; e. g., vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseud. Quintilianus) :otiosus : feriatus (taking a holiday) :nullis negotiis implicitus (Cicero, N. D., 1, 19, 51) :* a nullo vocatus or invitatus (not invited by anybody) :to be disengaged, vacuum, otiosum, etc., esse ; nihil negotii habere (have no business) :* ad neminem promisisse (to have accepted no engagement to dinner, etc.; after Cicero, 2 De Orat.,22, 77, quod ad fratrem promiserat).
DISENGAGEMENT, || Liberation, liberatio (from anything, alicujus rei) .[Vid. DISEMBARRASSMENT]. || Separation, vid. || Vacancy, leisure, vid.
DISENNOBLE, * nobilitatis honore privare (properly) :dedecorare :dehonestare (improperly, dishonour). DISENROLL, nomen alicujus eximere de tabulis : eradere aliquem albo (e. g., e albo, of a senator ; Tacitus).
DISENTANGLE, || Unravel, etc., what was entangled, explicare (properly ; e. g., capillum, Varro; fusos; and improperly ; e. g., negotia) :expedire (improperly ; to set straight what was impeditus, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) explicare et expedire (e. g., anybody’s affairs, alicujus negotia) :exsolvere (e. g., nexus, Lucretius ; nexus legis, Tacitus) :relaxare (to loosen, make loose, what was coiled tightly ; e. g., nodos, Lucretius). || To free from difficulties, business, etc.To disentangle anybody from anything, solvere, exsolvere, relaxare aliquem aliqua re; eximere, exuere aliquem aliqua re ; expedire aliquem aliqua re [vid. To FREE for SYN. and phrases, etc.).To disentangle a notion, (animi sui) complicatam notionem evolvere :to disentangle one’s self from anything, se exsolvere (e. g., corpore, of the soul, Vergilius ; e nervis, etc., Lucretius ; se occupationibus, Cicero). Vid. To EXTRICATE.
DISENTHRONE, Vid. DETHRONE.
DISENTRANCE, perhaps * animum alicujus a corpore abstractum revocare (from an ecstasy) :* aliquem ex artissimo somno mortique simillimo excitare or suscitare.
DISESTEEM, s., contemptus :contemptio : despicientia : existimatio amissa. [Vid. CONTEMPT.]To fall into disesteem, existimatio alicujus violatur (by anything, aliqua re) ; de existimatione sua aliquid perdere or deperdere ; detrimentum existimationis facere (to suffer loss of reputation) ; in contemptionem adduci (aliqua re); in contemptionem venire (to fall into contempt; with anybody, alicui); nomen perdere (of a wine; Cato).
DISESTEEM, v., parvi æstimare, nullo numero putare aliquem or aliquid. Vid. DESPISE.
DISFAVOR, s. || Displeasure, etc.; discountenance, vid. Sometimes odium alicujus (displeasure, aversion, opposed to gratia : Cf., ingratia is not Latin) ; ira (anger) :to incur anybody’s disfavor, incurrere in alicujus offensionem ; alicui in odium venire ; ex magna gratia et favore in invidiam alicujus venire (after Sallustius, Jug., 13, 7); collectam gratiam alicujus effundere (throw away the favor one had won ; Cicero); amittere aliquem (e. g., optimates = favorem optimatium, in antithesis with milites reconciliasse, Nepos, Dion., 7, 2) ; favor, quo aliquis aliquem amplexus est, elanguescit (after Curtius, 10, 7, 3, and Livius, 2, 56, in.) :to be in disfavor with anybody, in offensa esse apud aliquem (Cicero, Att., 9, 2, 2) :to be in terrible disfavor, magna esse apud aliquem offensa (ib.) :if you fear to incur his disfavor, si iram ejus metuis. || Disobliging act; vid. “an UNKINDNESS.” DISFAVOR, v. Vid. DISCOUNTENANCE, DISAPPROVE.
DISFIGURATION, || The act of disfiguring, deformatio :depravatio :Vid. DEFORMATION. || The state of being disfigured ; vid. DEFORMITY.
DISFIGURE, v. Vid. To DEFORM.
DISFIGURED, Vid. DEFORMED, DEFACED.
DISFIGUREMENT, Vid. DEFORMATION.
DISFRANCHISE, aliquem suffragio privare :jure suffragii prohibere aliquem ; aliquos excludere suffrages (the two last Cicero, Rep., 2, 22, 40) :civitatem alicui adimere (with regard to the rights of citizenship).To be disfranchised, prohiberi jure suffragii ; excludi suffragiis (of a number).
DISFRANCHISEMENT, * jus suffragii ademtum : * civitas alicui ademta.To remove anybody’s disfranchisement, suffragia alicui reddere (e. g., populo, Suetonius,Calig., 16).
DISGORGE, exscreare (by coughing, from the throat, etc.) :exspuere (to spit out) :vomere :evomere :ejicere : rejicere (to vomit, evomere ; also of volcanoes, evomere ignes; of streams, in mare se evomere, Plinius; and figuratively, of wealth, pecuniam devoratam evomere, Cicero ; of wrath, iram, virus acerbitatis, etc. in aliquem evomere) :per os reddere (from the mouth) :eructare (to belch forth ; aquam, Varro; fiammas, etc.).
DISGRACE, or DISGRACEFULNESS, turpitudo (immorality, which brings disgrace on anybody) :ignominia (the loss of honour, especially by a civil or military punishment, deserved or undeserved). (The words are found in this connection and order.) ignominia et turpitudo or ignominia turpitudoque : infamia (bad reputation, the bad opinion generally entertained of a person’s moral character, and the disgrace thereby brought on him). (The words are found in this connection and order.) turpitudo atque infamia : dedecus (a deviation from the conduct of a man of honour, from whom noble actions are expected). (The words are found in this connection and order.) ignominia et dedecus, or dedecus et infamia, or macula (the stigma, blemish) et dedecus : probrum (a stain on the morality of one from whom, if not noble actions, yet irreproachable moral conduct is expected) . (The words are found in this connection and order.) probrum et dedecus. flagitium et dedecus (of a villanous action) :anything brings disgrace (on anybody), aliquid infamiam habet or infert ; fit aliquid dedecori ; aliquid alicui est turpitudini, or ignominiæ, or infamiæ, or dedecori, or probro :anybody brings disgrace on me, mihi est aliquis dedecori or maculæ et dedecori ; aliquis me dedecorat :to bring disgrace on one’s family, familiam dedecorare :anybody brings disgrace on himself, aliquis in dedecus incurrit ; aliquis dedecus admittit (Cæsar ; e. g., by an act of cowardice) :to incur such disgrace, tantum dedecus admittere (Cæsar) :to suffer both disgrace and loss, turn in damna turn in dedecus incurrere :to consider anything a disgrace, aliquid turpe ducere or putare ; probro habere aliquid ; turpe sibi esse aliquid arbitrari.They look on this as a disgrace, hæc apud illos turpia putantur; hæc apud illos infamia ponuntur (are reckoned among disgraceful things or actions) :to think anything a disgrace to a person, ducere alicui aliquid probro.I fear it will be a disgrace to my country, if, etc., vereor ne civitati meæ sit opprobrio, si, etc. (Nepos, Con., 3) :to dread disgrace, ignominiam fugere ac dedecus (Cicero) :as a mark of disgrace, ignominiæ causa (e. g., to be asked after all the rest) :to be considered a disgrace (of a person), turpem inveniri :to our disgrace, cum nostra ignominia; cum nostro dedecore :what a disgrace ! proh pudor ! o indignum facinus ! to wipe off or blot out a disgrace, maculam delere or eluere ; labem ignominiæ abolere. || By metonyme = a person that has brought disgrace on himself, or a disgraceful thing, dedecus :opprobrium (e. g., dedecus naturæ, Phædrus ; opprobria Romuli Remique ! ye who disgrace Romulus and Romus ! Cato; opprobria majorum, Tacitus) :macula :macula atque ignominia : nota atque ignominia (the thing or the blemish that disgraces) :labes (both of persons and things) :to be a disgrace to one’s family, familiam dedecorare. || A state of being out of favor [vid. DISFAVOR]. || State of being degraded, or out of favor (e. g., at court) :to be in disgrace, * ignominiæ causa loco motum esse :to be in disgrace at court, principi in odium venire ; ex magna gratia et favore in invidiam principis venire.
DISGRACE, v. || To dishonour, dedecorare :dedecore
afficere : polluere (to pollute whatever is esteemed inviolable and sacred ; e. g., the noble name of a family, a maid, etc.) :to disgrace anybody, alicujus famam dehonestare (to injure his good name) :aliquem ignominia afficere, ignominiam alicui imponere, or injungere, or (in a lasting manner) inurere ; aliquem ignominia notare (to mark with ignominy, destroy one’s honor or reputation ; brand with disgrace; the last especially of the censor, then, also, genitive ; vid. Held. Cæsar, B, C, 1, 7). || To be a disgrace to, dedecorare : turpitudini, ignominiæ, probro, infamise or dedecori esse :to disgrace one’s family, familiam dedecorare :not to disgrace the Antonines, non deesse nomini Antoninorum :to disgrace one’s self by anything, se dedecorare aliqua re :anything disgraces me, aliquid mihi est dedecori or turpitudini. || To put out of favor (e. g., at court), aliquem dejicere honore (to deprive anybody of a honorable post; e. g., consulatu, prætura); aliquem ignominia notare ac loco movere (deprive him of his rank, as a mark of disgrace); aliquem opprimere (if by cabals, etc.: vid. Nepos, Dat., 5, 2). Vid. last article.
DISGRACEFUL, turpis : fœdus (heinous, either in a physical or a moral respect). (The words are found in this connection and order.) turpis et fœdus :obscenus (causing disgust, either by being looked at or listened to) :spurcus (of a disgusting nature, dirty) :ignominiosus (ignominious ; of things ; e. g., flight) :inhonestus (dishonorable, immoral, of persons and things) ; (The words are found in this connection and order.) turpis et inhonestus :flagitiosus (full of vile actions; villainous, of persons and things) :contumeliosus (full of contumely) :probrosus (being a blemish on anybody’s character) :scelere contaminatus (contaminated with crime, of persons) :nefarius (acting or being contrary to human and divine laws, of persons and things) :to be disgraceful, ignominiæ, or dedecori, or probro, or turpitudini, or opprobrio esse :to consider anything or look upon anything as disgraceful, turpe putare or ducere aliquid ; as very disgraceful, in turpissimis rebus habere :(anything) looks disgraceful, turpi esse aspectu , deformem esse :disgraceful things, res turpes ; flagitia (villainies) ; nefaria, plural, (unutterable atrocities) :to lead a disgraceful life, turpiter et flagitiose vivere :disgraceful indeed (sc. what you are relating) ! o indignum facinus ! in a disgraceful manner. Vid. DISGRACEFULLY.
DISGRACEFULLY, turpiter; fœde; flagitiose; nefarie; also per ignominiam or cum ignominia (Cf., ignominiose in later writers only); contumeliose; turpiter ; per dedecus (e. g., vitam amittere). SYN.in DISGRACEFUL. D1SGRACIOUS, Vid. DISAGREEABLE.
DISGUISE, v. || To conceal by an unusual habit, alicui alium vestitum dare (after Nepos, Dat., 9, 3) :to disguise one’s self, mutare vestem (Cicero, Planc., 41, 98 ; Velleius, 2, 41, 2); habitum suum permutare (Justinus, 2, 7, 19; in which passage it is said of Codrus, ” permutato regis habitu … castra hostium ingreditur”) :to disguise one’s self in men’s clothes, virilem vestem induere (Justinus); pro femina puerum simulare :sexum mentiri (Justinus, 1, 2, 2, and 4, speaking of Semiramis) :to disguise one’s self in a shepherd’s dress, pastoralem cultum induere (Velleius, 1, 2, 2, speaking of Codrus; “deposita veste regia, pastoralem cultum induit”) :disguised, veste mutata; permutato habitu :disguised as a soldier, or in a soldier’s dress, ornatu militari :to disguise a person, * aliena veste occultare aliquem :to disguise one’s face, caput velare (if with a veil) : * larvam sibi accommodare or aptare. [Vid. also, MASK.] || To hide by a counterfeit appearance, occultare et dissimulare aliquid (e. g., appetitum voluptatis) :dissimulare et occultare aliquid (both Cicero ; vid. To CLOKE) :to disguise one’s opinion or sentiments, sententiam celare; one’s anger, iram ; one’s grief, vexation, hatred, etc., ægritudinem animi, odium, etc., dissimulare. || To disfigure, vid. || To deform by liquor, (colloquially) temulentum facere; vino onerare. Disguised in liquor, bene potus : temulentus : vino gravis.
DISGUISE, s. || A counterfeit habit, vestis mutata : κυρικιμασαηικοin disguise, veste mutata; permutato habitu. [Vid. To DISGUISE.]Saint Croix came to Paris in disguise, * Sanctocrucius mutato vestitu habituque Lutetiam Parisiorum pervenit. || A false appearance, species (general term for the external looks of anything) :imago, simulacrum (the picture, as it were, of anything; the assumed look of anything) :species quædam alicujus rei assimulata (e. g., virtutis) :aliena persona (an assumed character) :to betray anybody under the disguise of friendship, aliquem per simulationem amicitiæ prodere :to conceal great ability under the disguise of stupidity, summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiæ tegere :to throw off a disguise, personam deponere (properly and improperly) ; simulationem deponere (improperly) :then Appius threw off his disguise, ille finis Appio alienæ personæ ferendæ (Livius, 3, 36) :to strip anybody of his disguise, alicui personam demere ; alicujus capiti personam detrahere (properly and improperly) ; alicui or rei personam demere et reddere faciem suam (improperly ; vid. Seneca, Ep., 24, 12). Vid. MASK.
DISGUST, s. fastidium (the consequence of being satiated, the offensiveness of an object to taste, whether physical or moral) :satietas (the state of being satiated; i. e., when an object has lost its charm for us, and affords no more enjoyment ; hence, also, the loss of interest in anything from long familiarity with it ; physically and morally) ; (The words are found in this connection and order.) fastidium quoddam et satietas : animus alienus (estrangement from anybody) :tædium (the French ” ennui,” with reference to what is, or seems to us, tedious ; first used in prose by Livy ; Cicero uses “satietas ” instead) :nausea ( ναυσία , physical disgust, as consequence of a disordered stomach ; also, in a moral sense, as a stronger term for fastidium ; but only found in Martisalis, 4, 37) :to cause disgust, fastidium or satietatem creare ; fastidium movere alicui (e. g., stomacho †) ; fastidium, or satietatem, or tædium afferre ; tædio afficere aliquem ; nauseam facere ; odium alicujus rei facere; stomachum movere :to feel or conceive disgust, satietas or tædium alicujus rei me capit ; venit mihi aliquid in tædium ; tædium mihi affert or adducit aliquid :to be filled with disgust of anything, magnum alicujus rei odium me cepit ; pertæsum est me alicujus rei ; also nauseare (ναυσιᾶν) ; fastidire aliquid ; tædet me alicujus rei ; satietas, or tædium alicujus rei me cepit or tenet. I have come to feel disgust at anything (e. g., food), fastidium est mihi aliquid :with disgust, fastidiose ; non sine nausea.
DISGUST, v. || To cause disgust [vid. under DISGUST, s.]. To be disgusted with, piget or tædet me alicujus rei : male me habet aliquid :ægre habeo or patior aliquid : moleste, graviter, or ægre fero aliquid ; aliqua re offenditur animus meus (Cicero).To be disgusted with life, tædet, or piget me vitæ, or vivere; vita displicet (Terentianus).I am disgusted at everything, stomachor omnia :to disgust anybody with anything, alicui aliquid invisum facere ; alicujus animum ab aliqua re avertere or alienare :you know how easily I am disgusted, nosti stomachi mei fastidium :which disgusted me more, etc., quæ mihi majori stomacho fuerunt, quam, etc. (offended, enraged me) :to be disgusted with one’s self, laborare fastidio sui (Seneca ; speaking of stultitia); sibi displicere (Terentius, Heaut., 5, 4, 20). || Offend; displease, offendere aliquem ; stomachum movere alicui (enrage him) :avertere aliquem or alicujus animum ab aliquo. Vid. OFFEND.
DISGUSTFUL, Vid. DISGUSTING.
DISGUSTFULLY, Vid. DISGUSTINGLY.
DISGUSTING, fastidium creans or afferens (causing disgust, of things) :teter (with reference to smell, taste, and look; e. g., sapor, odor, aqua, etc.) :odiosus (odious, nauseous, tiresome, tedious, tiring to listen to, etc.; of persons and things) :in a disgusting manner, odiose :to have a disgusting appearance, habru aspectuque tetro esse (e. g., of books or things that have been soiled) :to be disgusting, fastidio or fastidiis adhærescere (of things; Cicero, De Or., 1, 61, 258).
DISGUSTINGLY, odiose : tetre (teterrime ; e. g., se gerere).
DISH, || As vehicle of meat, patina (a broad and deep dish, with a cover, in which fish, etc., were served up) :patella (a smaller “patina” of clay or metal, as well for cooking as serving up meats) :lanx (a deeper, hollow, bellied d., sometimes of considerable size, for serving up meats) :magis or magida (a dish similar to the lanx, only used for serving up) :scutula :scutella (a flat, square, or oblong small dish) :paropsis ( παροψίς , a small dish for serving up meals; also an additional dish containing some delicacy) :ferculum (properly, a tray ; then what is served up together = course) :Cf., catinus or catinum was the pot in which the poorer classes also put their food on the table; vid. Horatius, Sat., 1, 6, 115. || The meat served in a dish, cibus (general term for food) :a dainty dish, cibus suavis. Cf., In such expressions as ” a dish of vegetables,” etc., ” dish” is omitted ; e. g., olus coxit :a dish of roast thrushes, assi turdi :to load a table with the rarest dishes, mensam conquisitissimis epulis construere (Cicero) :a dish of cold meat (i. e., for one’s dinner), prandium sine mensa :a hot or warm dish, cibi calidi (plural) :this is a dish for an epicure, est hæc quoque res inter opera ganeæ :this bird is considered a first-rate dish, hæc ales nunc inter primas expetitur :to be fond of good dishes, laute cœnitare.
DISH (UP), apponere cœnam.
DISHABILLE, Vid. DESHABILLE.
DIS HABIT (obsolate), domo expellere.
DISH-CLOUT, penicillus (a sponge for wiping).
DISHEARTEN, Vid. To DISCOURAGE.
DISHEVELLED (of the hair), capillus effusus (opposed to capillus nodo vinctus; vid. Seneca, Ep., 124, 22); crines passi :capillus passus (the hair flying, as in the wind).
DISHONEST, || Void of honesty, ab honestate remotus : malus (bad; general term) :improbus (that is not as it ought to be, according to Divine and human laws) :infidelis (unfaithful) :infidus (not trustworthy ; as to conduct) :perfidus (treacherous, in particular actions) :subdolus (cunning, crafty) :fraudulentus (deceitful) :fallax (practised in roguery) :sordidus (mean, dirty) :inhonestus et sordidus (of a person ; dishonorable and dirty). || Dishonoured, inhonestus. || Disgraceful, vid. || Unchaste, vid.
DISHONESTLY, improbe; perfide; fraudulenter ; per fraudem :most dishonestly, per summam fraudem et malitiam [SYN. in DISHONEST]. || Unchastely, impudice (late) ; parum caste (e. g., to live, vivere).
DISHONESTY, || Want of honesty, improbitas : infidelitas :perfidia [SYN. in DISHONEST] : fraus (especially of a single act; e. g., fraude perspecta, Cæsar) :fraus et malitia. || Unchastity, impuritas ; impudicitia; libidines [SYN. in UNCHASTE]. || Deceit; vid.
DISHONORABLE, inhonestus (opposed to honestus; e. g. homo, vulnus, etc.) :turpis (base, disgraceful ; opposed to honestus : gloriosus) :infamis (evil spoken of; infamous; all three of men or things) :injustus atque inhonestus (e. g., nihil quod sit injustum atque inhonestum expetere, Cicero).A dishonorable action, factum dedecoris plenum :dishonorable flight, turpis fuga (in antithesis to gloriosa mors) :to ask anything dishonorable, rogare rem turpem (Cicero).What can be more dishonorable than this ? quid hoc turpius ? quid fœdius ? a most dishonorable person, homo omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus, or turpissimus atque inhonestissimus :a very dishonorable source of gain, turpissimus quæstus; illiberalis et sordidus quæstus :a verg dishonorable method, sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima (Cicero).
DISHONORABLY, Vid. DISHONESTLY, DISHONOR, s.Vid. DISGRACE, s.
DISHONOR, v. Vid. DISGRACE, v.
DISHONOURER, by circumlocution, qui existimationem alicujus violat, offendit, oppugnat, lacerat (attacks his good name) :qui ignominia aliquem notat, afficit, etc. (disgraces him) :qui dedecori est alicui (is a disgrace to him, etc.).
DISHUMOR, Vid. CROSSNESS.
DISINCLINATION, declinatio (alicujus rei, opposed to appetitio) :fuga (alicujus rei, inclination to escape anything; e. g., work) :odium (dislike, aversion) :animus alienus or aversus (to anybody, ab aliquo; aversion, unfriendly feeling) :disinclination to work, declinatio or fuga laboris :to feel a disinclination to anything, alienum esse ab aliqua re ; abhorrere ab aliqua re (stronger term); to anybody, ab aliquo animo esse alieno or averso :a strong disinclination, ab aliquo animo esse aversissimo :to feel a violent disinclination to writing, prorsus abhorret animus a scribendo (Cicero) :nature has implanted in animals a disinclination to what would be injurious to them, natura bestiis dedit a rebus pestiferis recessum (Cicero) :we have a natural disinclination to anything, ab aliqua re natura declinamus (Cicero ; of shunning it; opposed to natura appetere aliquid) :a morbid disinclination to anything, vitiosa ad aliquid offensio (Cicero, Tusc., 4, 20, 23) :to feel a disinclination to marriage, abhorrere ab uxore ducenda (Cicero).
DISINCLINE, anybody to anybody, abducere, abstrahere, distrahere, subducere aliquem ab aliquo ; also aliquem or alicujus voluntatem an aliquo abalienare ; to anything, aliquem ab aliqua re abstrahere, avocare, deducere (Cicero), avertere (Nepos).
DISINCLINED, alienus :alienatus ; to anybody or anything, ab aliquo or ab aliqua re aversus, alienatus, alienus : alicui or in aliquem malevolus :alicui inimicus (stronger terms) :not to be disinclined to believe anything, inclinato ad credendum esse animo :to do anything, baud displicet (with infinitive) :I am not disinclined to concur with them in opinion, haud pœnitet eorum sententiæ esse (Livius, 1, 8).
DISINGENUOUS, Vid. DECEITFUL, FRAUDULENT.
DISINGENUOUSLY, Vid. DECEITFULLY , FRAUDULENTLY.
DISINGENUOUSNESS, Vid. DECEPTION, FRAUD.
DISINHERIT, or
DISHERIT, exheredare :hereditate excludere :exheredem facere or scribere :ab hereditate submovere (if in an unjust manner or clandestinely) :to disinherit one’s son, filium exheredare (in one’s will, in such a manner that the disinheritment does not take place before the father’s death) : filium abdicare (if during the father’s life-time).
DISINTER, eruere (e. g., mortuum, Cicero).
DISINTERESTED, qui nihil de utilitatibus, nihil de commodis suis cogitat (after Cicero, Fin., 1, 10, 34) :* qui commodis suis utilitatique non servit : qui sua cupiditate non impellitur (cf. Cicero, Off., 1, 19, 63) :utilitatis suæ immemor (of persons who don’t think of their own advantages) :gratuitus (opposed to mercenarius ; of things ; e. g., liberalitas) :non præmiorum mercedibus evocatus (Cicero, Fin., 2, 31, 99 : with non invitatus voluptatibus).Not disinterested, * suarum rerum cupidus : de utilitatibus suis semper cogitans : ad utilitatem suam omnia referens, etc. (of persons) :mercenarius (of actions).Is anything disinterested or not ? aliquid gratuitumne est an mercenarium ? Our love for anything should be disinterested, etiamsi nulla sit utilitas ex aliqua re : tamen ipsa propter se ipsam amanda est (after Cicero, Fin., 1, 20, 69).He has acted in the most disinterested manner, nihil ad utilitatem suam retulit, ac nihil omnino fecit causa sua :to be disinterested, suæ utilitatis immemorem esse.
DISINTERESTEDLY, sine præmio :sine mercede :nulla quasi lenocinante mercede (Cicero) :gratuito (gratuitously ; for nothing).Sometimes liberaliter may serve, or abstinenter.
DISINTERESTEDNESS, animus utilitatis suæ immemor or oblitus : abstinentia (opposed to avaritia) :His disinterestedness was put to the proof, tentata est ejus abstinentia (Nepos).With the most absolute disinterestedness, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito et quasi lenocinante mercede (Cicero).
DISJOIN, disjungere :dirimere, etc. Vid. To SEPARATE.
DISJOINT, || Separate into joints, or at the joints, articulatim concidere (Plautus, Epid., 3, 4, 52) :membra articulatim dividere (separate joint by joint, Cicero ; from an old poet) :secare, scindere (to cut up; e. g., a fowl) :in frusta excutere (divide a fowl, etc., into joints; Seneca, Ep., 47, 4). || Dislocate ; vid. || Improperly, destruere :dissolvere (to separate the parts of what was constructed) :dissipare (separate and scatter here and there ; e. g., a statue).
DISJOINTED, articulatim divisus (properly) :interruptus (having its continuity destroyed) :dissipatus (scattered, as it were, in separate portions : also of a speech, loose, without accurate divisions, well connected together) :fluctuans et dissolutus (eo quod sine nervis et articulis fluctuat huc illuc) :articulis membrisque non distinctus (both of style ; “a disjointed discourse;” Cicero).
DISJUNCTION, disjunctio (Cicero) :Vid. DIVESION, SEPARATION.
DISJUNCTIVE, disjunctivus (grammatical technical term, Charis. Diom., etc.).If we say, etc. …, it is a disjunctive proposition, disjunctivum est, quum dicimus, etc. (Dig.) DISJUNCTIVELY, separatim (opposed to conjunctim) :seorsum (opposed to una) :singulatim (singly ; Cf., disjunctive may be used as grammatical technical term).
DISK, orbis (general term for any circular and flat body) :discus (the quoit of the ancients) :the moon’s disk, orbis lunæ (the face of the moon; vid. Plinius, 2, 9, 6) :orbis solis (that of the sun; vid. Plinius, 2, 23, 21) :in the shape of a disk, orbiculatus :rotundus ; in speciem orbis (if adverbially used).
DISLIKE, s. Vid. AVERSION.
DISLIKE, v. ab aliqua re abhorrere or alienum esse (have an antipathy, aversion, etc., to) :tædium mihi aliquid affert or adducit (wearies me, etc) :aliquid mihi displicet (displeases me) :fastidire aliquid (reject it with loathing ; e. g., food) :to dislike a person, ab aliquo esse animo alieno or averso ; odium suscepisse adversus aliquem ; odium concepisse in aliquem ; aliquem odisse or odio habere.Sometimes, but very seldom, nolle alicui (e. g., cui qui nolunt iidem tibi non sunt amici, Cicero).To dislike to do anything, nolle with infinitive ; gravari with infinitive (after Cicero’s time also with accusative, gravari terrenum equitem, Horatius; ilium acerbum, Seneca) non libet (aliquid facere ; e. g., ire, scribere, etc.).If you dislike to go, I will go for you, ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet (Plautus).OBS. gravari and non libet are also used absolutely. But I will not press you, if you dislike it, sin tibi id minus libebit, non urgebo.I should not dislike it, if, etc., ego vero non gravarer, si, etc. || Disrelish, fastidire (to reject what offends either one’s physical or mental taste).
DISLIKENESS, dissimilitudo.
DISLIMB, membra articulatim dividere.
DISLOCATE, || To put out of joint, luxare (Cf., not eluxare, which has no ancient authority in its favor) :extorquere (to dislocate by a wrench ; e. g., articulum, Seneca) :ejicere (e. g., cervicem, armum) :to be dislocated, sua sede or suo loco moveri ; or moveri only (Celsus) ; de suo loco emoveri (to get out of its position, also of the joints of the body) ; excidere (to fall out of the socket ; with or without sua sede ; suis sedibus, Celsus, 8, 11); loco suo non esse (of the parts that
are in that state; Celsus, ib.) :excessisse (Celsus, 8) :Cf., prolabi, elabi, promoveri, erumpere are used by Celsus, chiefly when mentioning the direction in which the dislocation takes place. Dislocated, loco suo motus :dislocated limbs, artus in pravum elapsi (Tacitus, Hist., 4, 81). || Displace, vid.
DISLOCATION, luxatura (later only) :depravatio membrorum (of the joints of the body).To reduce a dislocation, articulum, qui exeidit, reponere (Celsus), or in suam sedem compellere (ib.) :if the thigh can be bent, the dislocation is reduced in a moment, protinus, si complicari femur potest, intus est (ib.).A dislocation should always be reduced before inflammation begins, quidquid loco suo motum est, ante inflammationem reponendum est (Celsus, 8, 11).
DISLODGE, || To remove or drive from a place of rest, pellere :depellere :expellere :exigere (drive out by force; without ex, etc., only if these prepositions may be supplied from the context) :propellere :propulsare (to drive away or out by striking, beating, pushing, etc; e. g., the enemy, hostem; then propulsare, also figuratively) :dejicere (military proper word of dislodging the enemy; dejicere hostes muro, turribus, loco ; ex saltu ; ex castellis, etc.) :proturbare (drive away headlong ; e. g., hostem) :submovere (to remove and so get rid of; e. g., hostem ; noxia animalia). || To remove an army or its quarters, castra in alium locum transferre ; castra transferre (e. g., trans flumen ; ultra locum); also milites in alia loca transducere.
DISLODGE, v., INTR.To change one’s dwelling, migrare, or demigrare in alium locum, or in alia loca (general term for removing to another place ; from one place to another) :domo or e domo emigrare (to leave one’s former abode).
DISLOYAL, regis inimicus : regi or principi infidelis (unfaithful to the sovereign; after regi – fidelis, Nepos Dat., 1, 3) :qui odium concepit in regem; qui odium suscepit adversus regem : qui regi or principi non vult (Cicero), or non est amicus ; or by the general terms :perfidus ; perfidiosus; infidelis; infidus [SYN. in FAITHLESS] :novarum rerum cupidus or avidus, novis rebus studens (desiring political change) :proditor patriæ (a traitor to one’s country) :disloyal (of conduct, etc.), * principis voluntati (or legi, or patriæ legibus, according to circumstances), repugnans or contrarius. To be disloyal (to his sovereign), a rege desciscere ; a regis amicitia deficere (Nepos, Con., 2 ; revolt from him) :averso a principe or rege esse animo (to dislike him) :novarum rerum causas quærere (to attempt to bring about a revolution, etc.) :to act as a disloyal subject, leges perfringere or perrumpere (to break the laws).
DISLOYALLY, perfide ; perfidiose [SYN. in FAITHLESS] ; * haud fideli in aliquem animo : contra legem or leges (against the laws; e. g., to act).
DISLOYALTY, infidelitas (the breach of faith that anybody commits towards a person whom he was in duty bound to serve; vid. Hirtius, B. G., 8, 23; Labienus quum Commium comperisset sollicitare civitates et conjurationem contra Cæsarem facere, infidelitatem ejus sine ulla perfidia judicavit comprimi posse) :aversus a rege animus.
DISMAL, tristis (sad, whose grief or sorrow aoout present evils is visible and impressed on his face) :mœstus (sad, melancholy ; properly, of persons, but also of things; vid. also, SAD) :miser (that excites compassion ; e. g., situation, res ; fate, fortuna ; life, vita) :miserabilis (miserable ; e. g., aspect, sight, aspectus) :luctuosus (sad, sorrowful; e. g., death, exitium) :flelulis (that will draw forth tears) :rather dismal, subtristis (rare; Terentianus) :very dismal, pertristis ; permœstus :to have a dismal countenance, vultu animi dolorem præ se ferre ; vultu tristi or mœsto esse :with a dismal countenance, mœsto et conturbato vultu (Auct. ad Herenn.) :dismal news, tristes nuncii :a dismal end, tristis exitus or eventus :dismal times, tempora misera, or dura, or iniqua ; misera tempora et luctuosa (Cicero); temporum iniquitas, or gravitas, or calamitas. Vid. DARK, DREADFUL, etc.
DISMALLY, misere ; miserabiliter ; flebiliter :luctuose ; also miserandum in modum. SYN. in DISMAL DISMALNESS, tristitia ; mœstitia. SYN. in DISMAL DISMANTLE, || To strip, nudare (properly and improperly) :denudare :retegere :aperire (properly, to make bare) :privare :spoliare (to bereave). || To demolish the works of a town, castrum diruere :munimenta oppidi solo æquare or adæquare ; disjicere or a fundamentis disjicere (e. g., mœnia, munitiones, Cæsar, Livius ; not Cicero).
DISMASK, Vid. UNMASK.
DISMAST, * malo (or malis) privare.
DISMAY, v. Vid. To FRIGHTEN.
DISMAY, s. Vid. FRIGHT.
DISMEMBER, secare ; dissecare (general terms for cutting up); membra articulatim dividere (Attius? ap. Cicero); membratim cædere (to cut member by member ; Plinius 9, 15, 18) :truncare (maim by hewing off, etc.; e.g. cadavera ; poetical and post-Augustan).
DISMISS, || To send away, dimittere (general term to send off or away in different directions) :ablegare: amandare (to give anybody some commission, etc., in order to get rid of him) :amovere (from one’s presence, as punishment) :solvere, exsolvere, liberare aliquem (aliqua re, to let him off, to free him from anything).to dismiss an assembly, concilium, conventum, etc., dimittere :to dismiss the Senate, senatum dimittere. || To divest of an office, loco suo aliquem movere (general term) :removere, or amovere, or submovere aliquem a munere (especially of civil officers) :to dismiss a magistrate, abrogare or abolere alicui magistratum (both in the Roman sense, and abolere with collateral notion of perpetual dismissal) ; a governor, aliquem provincia demovere ; aliquem expellere potestate :to be dismissed, successorem accipere (i. e., to have a successor appointed).
DISMISSION, or DISMISSAL, missio (especially the proper word of soldiers) :dimissio (Cicero ; rare) :”fair dismission” (Milt.) missio honesta. Vid. DISCHARGE.
DISMOUNT, TRANS., || To throw off a horse, aliquem de equo dejicere or deturbare; aliquem excutere or effundere (of the horse itself). || To throw from an elevation, dejicere aliquid loco, de and e loco. || Of a piece of ordnance, hostium tormenta ludificari (to make them useless; after Livius; quibus ea, quæ hostes ingenti mole agerent, ludificaretur, 24, 34).[Bau. gives frangere pedamentum or pegma tormentorum.] DISMOUNT, INTR., || To alight from a horse, ex equo descendere ; descendere or desilire ex equis (of cavalry, in order to fight on foot) :to make the cavalry dismount (to fight on foot), equitatum or equitem deducere ad pedes. || To descend from an elevation ; Vid. To DESCEND.
DISNATURED, Vid. UNNATURAL.
DISOBEDIENCE, parendi dedignatio (Plinius, Pan. 18) :Cf., inobedientia not till Tertullianus, etc. : immodestia (bold, reckless disobedience, want of discipline) :contumacia (stubbornness, intractableness).
DISOBEDIENT, non parens : dicto non audiens ; non or minus obediens :to show one’s self disobedient, towards anybody, alicui non parere :alicui dicto audientem non esse : non obedire alicui :minus obedientem esse alicui. SYN. in To OBEY; vid. also, the phrases in To DISOBEY.
DISOBEDIENTLY, non obedienter ; or with the verb.To behave disobediently, non obtemperare; dicto audientem non esse.
DISOBEY, alicui non parere :alicui dicto audientem non esse, non obedire alicui :minus obedientem esse alicui [SYN. in To OBEY] :to disobey anybody’s commands, obedientiam relinquere et abjicere, nec alicui parere (vid. Cicero, De Off., 1, 29, 102) ; alicujus imperium detrectare or (Cæsar) negligere ; alicujus imperium auspiciumque abnuere (both of soldiers ; the latter in the sense of not choosing to obey orders :Cf., Also with the negative form of the verbs and phrases in To OBEY vid.).
DISOBLIGE, lædere :offendere :violare [SYN. in OFFEND] : alicui adversari (oppose, thwart) :alicui non gratificari alicui gratificari, or obsequi, or morem gerere nolle :to disoblige anybody invariably, omnia adversus aliquem facere. I don’t know why I should disoblige you by a refusal, cur tibi hoc non gratificer, nescio.To consider one’s self disobliged, se violatum or læsum putare ; se læsum aubitrari( Cicero); aliqua re offendi ; ægre aliquid ferre ; injuriam sibi factum putare.
DISOBLIGING, inofficiosus in aliquem (disregarding one’s duties towards him) :difficilis (difficult to deal with) :injuriosus (wrongful, offensive) :quod offensioni est, offensionem habet or affert :quod offendit :quod non vacat offensione :quod displicet (offensive, displeasing) :odiosus (that excites anger, and thus is hateful) :not even a disobliging word, ne vox quidem incommoda.
DISOBLIGINGLY, inurbane; aspere; inhumaniter [SYN. in DISOBLIGING]. To answer disobligingly, aspere respondere.
DISOBLIGINGNESS, illiberalitas :inhumanitas : asperitas. SYN. in DISOBLIGING.
DISORDER, || Want of regular disposition; confusion, implicatio (e. g., rei familiaris) :perturbatio ordinis (the disturbed order of things) :perturbatio alicujus rei (the act of confusing anything ; e. g., exercitus) :negligentia alicujus rei (neglect ; e. g., in domestic affairs, rei familiaris ; vid. also, CONFUSION) :to throw into disorder, to be in disorder, etc. [vid. ” to put, etc., into CONFUSION”] :the enemy advances in great disorder, ordinibus incompositis effuse veniunt hostes :they fled to their camp in great disorder, effuso cursu castra repetunt. || Disturbance ; vid. || Irregularity [vid. CONFUSION]. || Breach of laws, licentia ; effrenata licentia. || Disease; vid. || Discomposure of the mind, mentis perturbatio :animi commotio :animus perturbatus et
incitatus :æstus error, etc. :animi motus nimii ( = perturbationes, Cicero). Vid. PERTURBATION.
DISORDER, v. || To throw into confusion, turbare (e. g., statum civitatis; ordines hostium) :perturbare (e. g., exercitum, civitatem) :conturbare (e. g., ordines, rem ; and especially rationes, accounts) :miscere (turn topsy-turvy ; e. g., rempublicam) :confundere (e. g., ordines) :ordinem alicujus rei perturbare (Cicero) ; ordinem alicujus rei confundere (e. g., disciplinæ, Tacitus, Hist., 1, 60).To disorder everything, omnia perturbare or miscere. [Vid. CONFUSION and To CONFUSE]. || To disturb the body ( = make sick), morbum alicui afferre or incutere ; aliquem valetudine tentare (e. g., of an unhealthy autumn, Cæsar) :morbo tentare (Cicero) :commovere :anybody’s stomach is disordered, aliquis alvo commovetur (Plinius).|| To disturb the mind, mentem turbare; animum (vehementer) commovere aliqua re : animum conturbare (e. g., utilitatis specie) : omnes animi sensus confundere († Lucretius). Vid. also, To DISTURB.
DISORDERED, vid. DISORDERLY.
DISORDERLY, || Confused, turbatus :conturbatus : perturbatus :confusus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) conturbatus et confusus : inconditus :perplexus [SYN. in To CONFUSE] :impeditus (that is difficult to solve or to disentangle). || Irregular, incompositus (not properly arranged or put to rights) :indigestus (not properly distributed, all lying in a heap ; e. g., moles, turba) :inordinatus (not put in its place, rank, or file; e. g., milites, impetus).|| Lawless, vicious; vid. || In a disorderly manner, confuse : incomposite :sine ordine : negligenter : nullo ordine : sine ordinibus (these two of soldiers marching in a disorderly way) :effuso cursu (of soldiers flying) :contra morem obsequii, or contra fas disciplinæ (in an insubordinate manner, Tacitus, Ann., 1, 19) :dissolute : intemperanter :libidinose : κυρικιμασαηικοeffrenate. SYN. in DISORDER.
DISORDERLY, adverb, Vid. end of DISORDERLY, adjective.
DISOWN, Vid. DENY, DISCLAIM.
DISPARAGE, Vid. UNDERVALUE, RUN DOWN, DEPRECIATE = undervalue.
DISPARAGEMENT, obtrectatio (e. g., of another’s fame or qualities, alienæ gloriæ) :despicientia :contemptio : contemptus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) contemptio et despicientia : spretio [SYN. in CONTEMPT] : Cf., elevatio (Quintilianus ; is a sort of ironical depreciation) :without any disparagement to your dignity, sine ulla imminutione dignitatis tuæ (of an actual lessening of it). || Disgrace; vid. || A match below the condition of one of the parties (French, mesalliance), nuptiæ impares :to conclude such a match, impari or cum impari jungi.
DISPARITY, dissimilitudo : differentia (e. g., naturarum, Cicero) :diversitas (e. g., mira naturæ, Tacitus, post- Augustinan) :inæqualitas (post.-Augustan : e. g., coloris, Quintilianus). Vid. DIFFERENCE.
DISPARK, παραδείσου , quem vocant (Angli), rnaceriam diruere, or dirui jubere (after hanc in horto maceriam jube dirui, Terentius ; and quos παραδείσους appellant Græci, Gellius).
DISPART, vid. To DISJOIN, To DIVIDE.
DISPASSION, Vid. CALM, s.
DISPASSIONATE, Vid. CALM, adjective.
DISPASSIONATELY, Vid. CALMLY.
DISPATCH, Vid. DESPATCH.
DISPEL, pellere (drive; e. g., mœstitiam ex animo, Cicero; curas, Horatius) :dispellere (scatter; caliginem, umbras, Vergilius ; tenebras, Cicero) :depellere (drive away ; morbum, pericula, molestias ; metum alicui) :propulsare (drive forth ; chase away ; morbos, Celsus ; suspicionem a se, Cicero) :dissolvere (dissolve ; figuratively, alicujus gravitatem, Cicero) :excutere (dash away; ineptias; severitatem) :elevare(to takeaway; ægritudinem, sollicitudines, causas suspicionum) :dissipare (e. g., curas, † Horatius).To dispel suspicions, suspiciones levare atque removere; suspicions diluere; causas suspicionum elevare :To dispel anybody’s fear, metum alicui levare (Cicero); metum alicui adimere (Quintilianus) ; metu exonerare aliquem (Livius) ; metum removere (Livius) : metum or timorem alicui dejicere (Cicero); metum solvere († Vergilius,); timorem tollere (Cæsar).
DISPEND, Vid. To SPEND.
DISPENSARY, perhaps nosocomium or valetudinarium (vid. INFIRMARY) :taberna instructa et ornata medicinæ [gratuito] exercendæ causa.
DISPENSATION, || Distribution; vid, || Exemption from some law, immunitas (from anything, alicujus rei [e. g., omnium rerum, Cæsar ; magni muneris, Cicero] or a re [e. g., a tributis, Suetonius]) :vacatio (from military service, militiæ) :To grant a dispention from anything, immunitatem alicujus rei dare, or a re offerre (Suetonius) :to grant anybody a dispention to do anything, dare alicui hanc veniam, ut, etc. ; alicujus rei veniam dare, permittere licentiam, ut, etc. [vid. PERMISSION]. || Divine institution, leges et instituta; præcepta institutaque (with genitive of person, Mosis or Moysis, etc.).The Mosaic dispention, Mosaica religio (Lactant).|| Distribution of good and evil with regard to providence, numen divinum (the will of God); also consilium divinum.Dei jussus (only in ablative) or jussum (the command) :by a divine dispention, consilio divino; * jussu divino ; divinitus (generally; ofwhat is sent from above) :I consider anything a dispention of Providence, aliquid divinitus accidisse mihi videtur (vid. Cicero, Partit., 23, 82).
DISPENSATOR, Vid. DISPENSER.
DISPENSATORY, Vid. PHARMACOPŒIA.
DISPENSE, Vid. To DISTRIBUTE.
DISPENSE WITH, || To excuse, dimittere :solvere, exsolvere, liberare aliquem aliqua re (to exempt anybody from anything).Their attendance is usually dispensed with, pæne liberum est, non adesse :is not to be dispensed with on any account, nemini, quominus adesset, satis justa excusatio videbitur (visa est, etc.).To dispense with a law in favor of anybody, lege or legibus aliquem solvere, ut liceat, etc. (e. g., they deliberated whether they should dispense with the laws that prevented Scipio’s being consul, deliberant, solvantne legibus Scipionem, ut liceat eum consulem fieri. Auct. ad Herenn., 3, 2, 2) :to be able to dispense with anybody or his services, (facile) carere posse aliqua re or alicujus opera : non desiderare aliquid (not to miss anything) :not to be able to dispense with anything, egere aliqua re ( = to be in want of) sine aliqua re omnino esse non posse (not to be able to do or be without it at all) :anything that one cannot dispense with, necessarius.
DISPENSE, s.Vid. Vid. DISPENSATION, GRANT.
DISPEOPLE (a country, etc.), terram vacuefacere : incolas terra ejicere (vid. Nepos, Cim., 45) :vastare :devastare . pervastare :depopulari :perpopulari. SYN. in To DESTROY, To LAY WASTE.
DISPEOPLER, devastator : vastator :populator : eversor. (The words are found in this connection and order.) populator eversorque. SYN. in To DESTROY.
DISPERSE, TRANS., dispellere (e. g., the cavalry; with the accessary notion of destroying) :dispergere : dissipare (to dissipate, to scatter) :disturbare (to divide by driving asunder) :discutere (to break up by driving asunder ; e. g., an assembly) :disjicere (to throw asunder, or into flight ; e. g., a phalanx) :fugare (to put to flight; e. g., the enemy). || INTRANS., (e. g., of a multitude) discurrere :diffugere :dilabi (to walk off; to dispense gradually or imperceptibly, of a crowd) :diffluere (e. g., humor, latex). DISPERSEDLY, disperse : disperse diffuseque (e. g., dictæ res) :disperse multis in locis (e. g., dicta, Cicero) :dispersim :effuse :” dispersedly intermixed” (Woodward), confuse et permixte dispersi (æ, a, Cicero).
DISPERSER, qui dispergit, dissipat, fugat, fundit, etc.
DISPERSION, dissipatio (e. g., error et dissipatio civium, Cicero, Rep., 2, 4) :fuga (flight) :Mostly by circumlocution :after the dispension of the enemy, fusis et (or atque) fugatis hostibus.
DISPIRIT, Vid. DISHEARTEN.
DISPLACE, || To put out of place, loco suo movere : transponere (to put in another place, of things, loco movere also = to put out of an office, degrade, etc. ; also in alium locum transponere ; e. g., statuam in locum inferiorem) :transferre (move to another place ; of persons and things) :traducere (to lead to another spot) :transmutare (to transpose ; e. g., words, letters. vid. Quintilianus, 1, 5, 12, and 29) :aliquid sede sua moliri (by a great effort; e. g., montes, Livius). || To put in the wrong place, * in alieno loco ponere. || To DISORDER; Vid. || Degrade by displacing, etc., remove from office, etc., loco movere :ex (aliquo) ordine (in alium) detrudere (e. g., aliquem ex secundo ordine in novissimum detrudere, Suetonius,Cæsar, 29, in.) :removere, summovere, amovere aliquem a munere (from an office) :abrogare or abolere alicui magistratum (in the Roman sense; abolere forever) :to be displaced (of a magistrate), abdicari magistratu (Sallustius).
DISPLACING, translatio (to another place; e. g., of words); translatio, or trajectio, or transmutatio verborum (grammatical writers ; but only of transposition) :of the letters, metathesis, (μετάθεσις) or pure Latin trajectio (grammatical writers).Mostly by circumlocution.
DISPLANT, || Transplant; vid. || Remove a people from their residence, incolas terra ejicere (vid. Nepos, Cim., 2, 5).
DISPLAY, || To set to view ostentatiously, ostentare aliquid :in promptu ponere (to set before people’s eyes, in general ; vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 35, 126) :proponere (set forth to view ; e. g., his plate, argentum, Cicero) :propalam collocare (e. g., tabulas, signa, Cicero) :præ se ferre (litrally, to carry before one’s self, to make a show of) :expromere (to bring forth or to light) :venditare or ostentare
(to display one’s learning, literulas suas, in a contemptuous sense).To display for sale, aliquid venale exponere or proponere. || To exhibit, ostendere (to show openly, to lay before the eyes of people ; e. g., potestatem suam, one’s power) :patefacere (to reveal, discover; e. g., odium in aliquem) :exhibere (alicui : e. g., one’s good will, benevolentiam) :præbere alicui (to prove anything to anybody e. g., fidelity, fidem) :præstare (alicui, to render, to show by one’s conduct ; e. g., fidem, benevolentiam, animum) :probare (to give proof of; e. g., virtutem) :navare (anything towards anybody, in aliquem , with accessary notion of its being done with anxiety ; e. g., studium alicui ; benevolentiam suam in aliquem). Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com || To DISPLAY ITSELF, apparere (to come to light); also elucere (litrally, to shine forth; e. g., friendship displays itself more among those that are of the same age, amicitia magis elucet inter æquales).His character displays itself,* indoles ejus sese ostendit or clarius conspicitur ; more and more, ejus ingenii vires in dies magis elucent. [Vid. To DISCOVER itself.] || To carve, to cut up; vid. these words.