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DEMISSION, Vid. DEPRESSION or DEGRADATION. DEMIT, Vid. DEPRESS, DEGRADA. DEMI-TONE, hemitonium.
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DEMOCRACY, ea imperii forma, qua vis omnis penes populum est (Livius 1, 43) ; ratio popularis; populi potentia or imperium ; populi potestas omnium rerum (as a form of government) :civitas (res publica) popularis (opposed to civitas regia); civitas, in qua in populo sunt omnia; civitas, quæ a populo tenetur; civitas in qua omnia per populum geruntur ; civitas, in qua populi potestas summa est ; res publica, in qua per populum aguntur, et sunt in populi potestate omnia; res publica in qua populus plurimum potest, omniaque ejus arbitrio geruntur ; res publica, quæ populo, or populi potestate, regitur (all as states. For most of these expressions, vid. Cicero, de Rep., 1, 26- 28; 3, 14, 33 and 35).For “a pure democracy,” take the strongest of these terms. To have an antipathy to a democracy, aversum esse a ratione populari. DEMOCRAT, qui populi causam agit ; populi potentiæ amicus : homo popularis : homo popularis ac turbulentus (as a term of reproach).
DEMOCRATICAL, popularis (e. g., a democratical constitution, ratio popularis) :to restore the democratical form of government, populo reddere procurationem reipublicæ (Nepos).
DEMOLISH, demoliri (pull down with an exertion of strength; e. g., a roof, part of a wall, tectum : partem muri) :evertere (to demolish, or turn topsy-turvy ; e. g., urbem, statuam ; thence, figuratively to annihilate ; e. g., the state; virtue; friendship; rem publicam; virtutem; amicitiam) :disjicere (e. g., mœnia, arcem, munitiones, statuas, etc.) :discutere (to shake to pieces ; e. g., columnam, aliquantum muri) :delere (destroy utterly; e. g., urbem) :to demolish utterly, funditus destruere ; a or e fundamentis disjicere; funditus evertere (properly) :solo æquare, or adæquare; delere et solo adæquare (e. g., urbem) :to demolish fortifications, mœnia a fundamentis disjicere :there is nothing which time cannot demolish, nihil est, quod non conficiat vetustas. DEMOLISHER,the demolisher of anything, eversor alicujus rei (he who overthrows anything ; e. g., Corinth, Corinthi; a kingdom, or city, imperii, urbis) :exstinctor alicujus rei (figuratively ; he who extinguishes what may be figuratively considered a fire ; e.g. a conspiracy, conjurationis).
DEMOLITION, demolitio (rare ; Cicero, Vitruvius) :disturbatio : eversio : excisio ; excidium :exstinctio (figuratively, annihilation) [SYN. in DESTRUCTION] :deletio (only Lucilius ; the total demolition of our army, deletio nostri ad unum exercitus, Lucilius) :Cf., destructio is not classical. At the demolition of Corinth, in Corinthi disturbatione :before the demolition of Troy, Troja incolumi. DEMON, || Evil spirit, dæmon (Lactantius 2, 44, sqq.) :diabolus (a devil ; διάβολος , Eccl.) :one who expels demons, * qui diabolos expellit ac fugat : (if by exorcism) exorcista (Eccl.). || A good or bad spirit, Genius, or genius comes (Horatius).
DEMONIAC, dæmoniacus (Firm., Math. Sulp. Sev. Vit. S. Martini, 18) :* a malis dæmonibus actus : lymphaticus : lymphatus (possessed).
DEMONIACAL, dæmoniacus (Lactantius) :dæmonicus (Tertullianus) ; diabolicus (Eccl.) :nefandus (figuratively e.g., demonical malignity, nefanda malitia) :fœdus (e. g., fœda consilia).
DEMONSTRABLE, quod argumentis, or rationibus, firmari, quod argumentis doceri potest; quod probari potest ; probabilis. DEMONSTRABLY, probabiliter. DEMONSTRATE, docere :gravissimis argumentis docere : demonstrare (to prove fully, and by incontrovertible arguments) :firmare; confirmare; especially with argumentis (to confirm by weighty arguments) :probare alicui aliquid (to convince anybody of the possibility of anything ; vid. Herz., Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3) :efficere (to make out by force of logical demonstration) :vincere ; vincere argumentis ; evincere (to evince by irrefragable arguments, evincere rare; cf. Cicero, Ep., 2, 28, 4; vincere with accusative and infinitive ; seldom hoc, ut, Horatius, : convincere, by irrefragable arguments : anything, aliquid : e. g., errores Epicuri ; te nihil scire) :coarguere (e. g., errorem, etc.) : Cf., demonstrare does not, like the English “demonstrate,” imply irresistible force of argument. This is demonstrated by the fact, that, etc., ejus rei testimonium est, quod, etc. :this is difficult to demonstrate, hoc difficile est probatu :to be demonstrated, effectum esse :to consider it demonstrated, habere pro re comperta. DEMONSTRATION, probatio (in the Digest it is used for the proof of an allegation in a court of justice) :demonstratio (proving by bringing strong arguments, Vitrvius, 9, præf. 4 ):mathematical demonstration, necessaria mathematicorum ratio :argumentatio (clear and rigorous demonstration by arguments) :via, ratio probandi. The force may often be given by firmissima argumenta :to prove to demonstration, firmissimis argumentis docere. To establish anything by strict demonstration, aliquid non probabili argumentatione, sed necessaria mathematicorum ratione concludere (Cicero, Fin., 5, 4, 9).
DEMONSTRATIVE, firmus ad probandum (adapted to prove ; e. g., argumentum) :gravis (weighty, and thence conclusive ; e. g., argumentum, Cicero, Rosc., Com., 12, 36) :a demonstrative argument, argumentum gravissimum et firmissimum :Cf., demonstrativus is a rhetorical technical term, “containing praise or dispraise,” etc.
DEMONSTRATIVELY, ad persuadendum accommodate ; ad persuasionem apposite (e. g., dicere) :manifesto or manifeste ; evidenter ; oculorum judicio :Cf., demonstrative = demonstrando, pointing out the object; very late; Macrobius. DEMONSTRATOR, qui docet, especially with argumentis :qui demonstrat : qui probat alicui aliquid : qui interpretatur aliquid :qui diligentius explicat aliquid ; qui naturam alicujus rei evolvit ; qui notionem rei involutam aperit : Cf., demonstrator (one who points out anything; Cicero, and Columella very rare ; in Columella opposed to inventor).
DEMORALIZATION, mores corrupti or perditi : vita vitiis flagitiisque omnibus dedita (of an individual) :our demoralization is on the increase, mores magis magisque lapsi sunt. DEMORALIZE, mores corrumpere or depravare : moribus nocere :the age grows more and more demoralized every day, mores magis magisque labuntur :having a demoralizing effect, mores corrumpens ; moribus nocens :the frequenting of taverns has a demoralizing effect, cauponæ moribus nocent ; in cauponis mores corrumpuntur (Quintilianus 1, 2, 3 and 4) :in this demoralized age, tam perditis moribus; in this demoralized slate, in tam corrupt a civitate. DEMULCENT, dolorem leniens, mitigans (assuaging pain).A demulcent, levamen ; levamentum; allevamentum ; for anything, alicujus rei (possessing the quality of assuaging pain) :medicina, for anything, alicujus rei (possessing healing qualities) :fomentum, for anything, alicujus rei (possessing soothing qualities; all both properly and figuratively). DEMUR, || Hesitate, etc., dubitare :dubium esse ; in dubio esse (to be undetermined) :dubitatione æstuare (to demur so as to be completely unhinged, from not knowing how to make up one’s mind ; vid. Cicero, Verr., 2, 30, 74) : animo or animi pendere (to demur or remain irresolute) :about anything, dubitare de aliqua re (with the accusative, in classical Latin, only if a pronoun is used) :to demur a little, subdubitare. || To plead a point of law, etc. ; to demur against anybody or anything, alicui or alicui rei exceptione uti ; exceptionem opponere; excipere adversus aliquem (Ulpianus, and Paullus Dig., 44, 1, 2, and 20; African., Dig., 16, 1, 17, §1). DEMUR, s. || Hesitation, dubitatio : hæsitatio : scrupulus :religio (a scruple of conscience) [vid. HESITATION] : there will be no demur on my part, nihil impedio; non repugnabo :without any demur, non dubitanter : nulla interposita dubitatione ; sine ulla dubitatione. DEMURE, severus; gravis; verecundus; modestus :affectedly demure, qui vultum ad severitatem componit. DEMURELY, vultu ad severitatem composito; or modeste ; pudice; decore, etc. DEMURENESS,No exact expression :vultus ad severitatem compositus : modestia simulata :* quædam vultus modestia (vultus modestia, Quintilianus, 4, 1, 55; though not in this sense) :to put on a look of demureness, vultum ad severitatem componere. DEMURRAGE, * stipendium pro mora datum. DEMURRER, dilatio ; prolatio (delay) :exceptio (demurrer as legal plea) :quod excipitur :he who demurs should prove his demurrer, qui excipit, probare debet, quod excipitur (Celsus, Dig.,22) :to put in a demurrer, exceptione uti excipere :the case admits of a demurrer, datur exceptio. DEN, cavum(general term for any hole) :caverna :spelunca. specus :and (poetically) spelæum [SYN. in CAVERN] : latibulum (hiding-place of wifd-beasts, etc.) :lustra, plural (dens of wild-beasts, ferarum in the poets ; in prose-writers, ” dens” for debauchery and other deeds of darkness) :cublle (general term for sleeping-place ; den, lair, etc.) :to hide themselves in dens, latibulis se tegere ; in cubilibus delitescere. DENIABLE, quod negari potest; quod non satis constat :to be deniable, incertum or dubium esse. DENIAL, || Assertion that the thing is not so, negatio (an answer in the negative) :infitiatio (a denial of some statement or charge that affects one’s personal interest; especially with reference to pecuniary transactions) :to persist in his denial, pernegare. || Refusal, recusatio. repudiatio [SYN. of verbs under DENY] : detrectatio (denial or refusal to do anything ; e. g., of military service, militiæ) :to meet with a
denial from anybody, repulsam ferre ab aliquo. Cf., Repulsam pati, poetically,Ovidius. I give anybody a denial of anything, aliquis alicujus rei a me repulsam fert :he gave me a direct denial, negavit se hoc esse facturum. || Denial of one’s self, dolorum et laborum contemtio (contempt of pain and hardship) :animi moderatio (self-denial, evinced in self-control).
DENIER, qui negat, recusat, etc. :qui infitias it; infitiator (especially one who denies a debt) :Cf., repudiator and negator, very late :a denier of his Maker, repudiator Creatoris (Tertullianus), negator (Tertullianus, Prudent., etc.).
DENIER, nummus :not a denier, ne nummum quidem. DENIGRATE, denigrare (to make black ; Varr. Plinius) :infuscare (to make blackish) Vid. BLACKEN. DENIGRATION, denigratio (late).
DENIZATION, civitas (or, of a small state, civitatula) :jus civitatis [vid. CITIZENSHIP] :civitas sine suffragio (of imperfect citizenship without the right of voting).FIG., To give denization to a word, verbo civitatem dare (Suetonius,Gramm., 22) :this word has obtained denization in the Latin language, hoc verbum Latino sermone satis tritum est. DENIZEN, v., civitatem alicui dare, impertiri, tribuere; civitate aliquem donare ; diploma civitatis alicui offerre (Suetonius, Ner., 12); aliquem in civitatem accipere, recipere, or suscipere; aliquem ascribere civitati, or in civitatem; aliquem in civitatem, or in numerum civium asciscere.Cf., If the notion of “imperfect citizenship” is to be intimated, civitas must receive some modifying addition; e. g., sine suffragio. DENIZEN, non optimo jure civis : civis inquilinus (applied contemptuously to Catiline by Cicero) :civitati ascriptus (if inferiority of right need not be intimated) :qui jus civitatis accepit, etc. DENOMINATE, nominare :Cf., denominare is post-classical, chiefly in Quintilianus, and of derivative words ; so Horace, hinc [a Lamio] Lamias ferunt Denominatos. Cicero uses nominare (ex) in this sense ; e. g., aliquid ex majore parte nominare. Vid. NAME, CALL. DENOMINATION, nominatio (transitivery and intransitivery) :appellatio, nomen, vocabulum (intransitivery) :to bring fractions to the same denomination, * fracturas diversorum indicum ad alias ejusdem potestatis, sed eundem indicem, or idem nomen habentes, revocare.Cf., Denominatio as rhetorical technical term, is “metonymy.” DENOMINATIVE, qui nomen dat, etc. DENOMINATOR (of a fraction), * index :* qui nomen dat numero fracto, or fracturæ. DENOTATION, notatio (denoting or pointing out, whether as an act or by means of words. Cf., denotatio late, Quintilianus, Decl., 19, 3) :nota; signum (as a sign) :designatio (the marking out ; hence, the sketch or plan of anything).
DENOTE, notare ; denotare ; signare ; designare (to mark; to make know by a mark) :indicare (to be a sign of; to intimate; e. g., supercilia maxime indicant fastum, Plinius) :ostendere :significare (to convey a meaning ; of words ; e. g., multa verba aliud nunc ostendunt, aliud ante significabant, ut hostis, Cicero).To “denote,” in this sense, may also be translated by esse; e. g., ut sciatur, quid sit error (what the word ” error” denotes) :declarare (to make clear to the understanding ; hence, to convey a meaning, whether as a word or conventional mark; e. g., quæ [litera, Cicero] conversa mulierem declarat) :Cf., denotare must not be used in the sense of “expressing ;” not, hoc vocabulum denotat, etc., for ostendit, significat. These things are better denoted in the Latin language than in the Greek, melius hæc notata sunt verbis Latinis quam Græcis :to denote the tones of the voice by musical notes, vocis sonos notis signare et exprimere :to denote by words, verbis describere, declarare, designare. DENOUEMENT, exitus (e. g., of a dramatic piece) :Vid. CATASTROPHE. DENOUNCE, || Inform against, accusare aliquem :aliquem in jus vocare, or in judicium adducere (to denounce in a court of justice) :citare aliquem reum (to denounce or summon in a court of justice); for SYN., vid. To ACCUSE, etc.: notare (to mark, i. e., as guilty, blamable, etc. ; e. g., rem, aliquem , improbitatem alicujus, etc.) :deferre nomen alicujus (de aliqua re; post-Augustan, deferre aliquem ; properly, to give in a person’s name to the practor as being guilty of such and such a crime :”to denounce a person as a parricide,” nomen alicujus de parricidio deferre, Cicero, ; the person to whom the denouncement is made may be in the dative, or in the accusative with ad; the crime may stand in the genitive after nomen, but more usually takes de). || To declare openly, etc., nunciare; renunciare (to denounce or declare openly) :denunciare (to denounce or declare in a very positive, often in a threatening manner) :testari :testificari (to call the gods, etc., to witness one’s assertion) :confirmare (to make a strong assertion) :I denounce to you that (e. g., ye shall perish, Deut., xxx.) testor (Nepos), or denuncio (Cicero), or testificor, denuncio atque prædico (Cicero, all with accusative and infinitive) :to denounce war, bellum indicere or (if in a threatening manner) denunciare. DENOUNCEMENT, accusatio (general term) :denunciatio (e. g., accusatorum, Suetonius, 66) :delatio (secret denoucement, as that of an informer).
DENOUNCER, accusator; qui accusat (properly in a criminal process ; then as a general term) :a secret denouncer, delator (Silver Age) :index (general term for informant, informer; Sestius ab indice Cnæus Nerio de ambitu est postulatus). DENSE, densus ; condensus (consisting of parts closely compacted together, opposed to rarus) :spissus (consisting of parts so closely compacted, that there is scarcely any perceptible space between them ; almost impenetrable, almost opaque, opposed to solutus) :solidus (consisting of solid masses, opposed to cassus, pervius) :confertus (completely filled up, opposed to rarus) :arctior or artior (consisting of parts tightly braced together) :a dense wood, silva densa; silva arctior :a dense fog, nebula densa :dense air, aer crassus or crassior :a dense battle-array, acies condensa, conferta :to fight in dense masses, confertim pugnare ; to make dense, densare ; condensare ; spissare ; conspissare ; solidare :to become dense, densari (and the passives of the other verbs, given above) ; spissescere solidescere. || Stupid; vid. DENSELY, dense ; spisse ; solide ; confertim ; arctius :densely planted with trees, condensus arboribus ; crebris condensus arboribus :to draw up the soldiers in dense masses, milites constipare, condensare ; arctius collocare. Vid. THICK.
DENSITY, soliditas; densitas; spissitas :density of the air, densitas aeris : [Cf. SYN. of adjectives under DENSE.] || Stupidity ; vid. DENT, Vid. INDENT. DENT, s., crena ( the proper word ; also the notch in the arrow whereby it is fixed on the string ; Greek γλυφις , Onomast. Vet., Plinius, 11, 37, 68, Sillig.) :incisio; incisura (general term for incision ; the former only as an act ; the latter also as a thing ; e. g., in the hand, in insects, on leaves, etc.). Cf., Not stria, which is the channel or flute of a pillar. To make a dent in anything, incidere aliquid. DENTAL, dentarius (very late, Appuleius) ; ad dentes pertinens :a letter of the alphabet belonging to the class of dentals, litera dentalis. DENTICLE, denticulus. DENTICULATED, dentatus ; denticulatus : serratus (denticulated, or jagged like a saw) :leaves broad, with their edges denticulated, folia lata serrato ambitu. DENTIFRICE, dentifricium ( post-Augustan) ; from context, pulvisculus only (Appuleius, Apol., p. 277, 5) :Cf., mundicina dentium is a vile expression in Appuleius, Apol., p. 277, 4. DENTIST, * medicus dentium. DENTITION, dentitio :to make dentition easy, facilem præstare dentitionem infantibus. DENUDATE, or DENUDE, nudare :denudare (properly and figuratively) : retegere ; aperire (uncover, open) :privare ; spoliare (to rob or plunder) :Vid. To STRIP. DENUDATION, nudatio : privatio : spoliatio ; expilatio : orbatio. DENUNCIATION, Vid. DENOUNCEMENT DENUNCIATOR, Vid. DENOUNCER. DENY, || Affirm that the thing is not so, negare (especially to make a negative assertion ; opposed to dicere, to make an affirmative assertion, or say that anything is so) :κυρικιμασαηικοabnuere (to deny by signs, opposed to annuere) :intitias ire ; infitiari (to deny a fact ; especially in which one’s personal interest is concerned ; such as being in debt to anybody : opposed to confiteri, to acknowledge a debt) :diffiteri (very rare; opposed to profited, confiteri) :I will never deny, numquam diffitebor (with accusative and infinitive Planc, ap. Cicero, Epp., 10, 8, 4) :to deny utterly, denegare :to deny stedfastly, pernegare. || To refuse to grant, negare aliquid :recusare aliquid and de re (to deny or refuse for certain reasons) :renuere aliquid (to deny or refuse by a shake of the head) :to deny anything to anybody, petenti alicui aliquid denegare ; petenti alicui deesse; preces alicujus repudiare :to deny anything faintly, subnegare aliquid :to deny in a courteous manner, belle negare :to deny plainly or flatly, præcise negare ; sine ulla exceptione, or plane negare :neither nature nor learning appears to have denied him anything, ei nihil a natura denegatum, neque a doctrina non delatum videtur :the gods have denied them silver and gold, argentum et aurum dii iis negaverunt :to deny the rites of burial to anybody, aliquem sepultnra prohibere :to deny one’s self anything, aliqua re se abstinere :strength is denied me, vires deficiunt. || To deny anybody ( = say that he is not at home), negare aliquem domi esse :to order one’s self to be denied, negare (Martisalis, 2, 5, 5). || To deny a person ( = say one does not know him) [as Peter denied our Lord], negare se aliquem novisse, infitiari notitiam alicujus (Ovidius, Pont., 4, 6, 42) :deserere (to desert
him). || To be faithless to [as in “to deny the faith”], prodere [e. g., fidem, officium] : deserere or deserere ac prodere :to deny the faith, * sacra Christiana deserere. || To deny one’s self (= exert self-denial), haud ullum sui respectum habere (Livius 42, 9); abstrahere se respectu rerum suarum (Livius 31, 46, etc.) :to deny one’s self in all things, semper omnia, quæ jucunda videntur, ipsi naturæ ac necessitati denegare (after Cicero, 2 Verr., 5, 14, 35) :to deny one’s self (pleasures), voluptates repudiare (Cicero).
DEOBSTRUCT, alvum astrictam solvere. DEOBSTRUENT, alvum astrictam solvens (of a medicine).
DEODAND, * res, quæ, quum mortis fuerit causa, quasi Deo sacra, confiscatur. DEPART, || Leave a place or person ; set out from, etc., abire (general term for going away ; from, a or ex : very seldom with the ablative of place alone) :abscedere (to withdraw, especially from some one who orders or wishes the departure; hence, also, of sorrow, anger, etc. ; quitting a person; from, etc., a or ex) :cedere aliquo loco or ex aliquo loco (to withdraw from a place in consequence of some cause compelling us) :decedere aliquo loco, de or ex aliquo loco (to depart from a place where one has had business, etc.) :discedere ab aliquo or loco, a or e loco (to depart, and so separate one’s self from a person or place; decedere is absolute, discedere relative [Herzog.] ; hence, discedere, of persons departing from each other different ways; but ” he departed’ is ille discessit, according to Bremi, because decedere has obtained a different meaning, but more probably, because separation from a person is implied) :excedere loco or e loco (to go out of a place, and quit its neighbourhood) :digredi ab aliquo (to quit a person; also de aliqua re) :egredi loco, a or ex loco, less commonly loco (to come out of a place ; leave the space it encloses) :devertere a aliquo (to quit a person by taking a road that leads one in a different direction) :proficisci (to set out) :facessere (to take one’s self off; used in commands, etc.; ex loco; loco; a re).Cf., Not degredi, which is to come down (e. g., ex arce ; monte, colle, etc.) :Depart from my sight, e conspectu meo abscedite (Plautus ) :depart, procul este (addressed to the uninitiated, etc.) :depart hence! facessite hinc ! to depart from a province. [Vid. PROVINCE.] || To depart from the way ( = deviate), degredi de via ; devertere with and without via ; deflectere, declinare de via ; avertere se itinere, or ab itinere (all these with the will) ; aberrare, deerrare via or a via (to depart from the way against the will, to lose one’s way) :to depart from the high-road into a by-path, de via in semitam degredi :to depart from the truth, deflectere a veritate ; from a custom, recedere a consuetudine :not to depart from one’s custom, institutum suum tenere :to depart from an ancient custom, a pristina consuetudine deflectere ; from one’s duty, ab officio discedere, or decedere ; from what is right, abire a jure (Cicero, Verr., 1, 44, 114) :from what one has undertaken, incepto abscedere (Livius26, 7 ) : from what one intended, declinare a proposito (Cf., not digredi, vid. Ellendt, Cicero, Brut., 21, 82); declinare ab eo, quod proposueris :one may not depart a nail’s breadth from anything, as the saying is, ab aliqua re non licet transversum, ut aiunt, digitum discedere ; ab aliqua re transversum unguem non oportet discedere. || As euphemism for to die, decedere with or without vita, de or ex vita ; exire e, or de, vita ; excedere vita or ex vita (Cf., Görenz says, not de vita; but Hand thinks him wrong) :vitam deserere and (Vergilius) vitam relinquere; ex hominum vita demigrare :Cf., discedere ex vita is seldom used by Cicero, and only for the sake of the metaphor ; Cato, Maj.,23, 84.The departed, mortui ; qui ex vita excesserunt or emigraverunt. DEPART, DEPARTURE. || The act of going away, profectio (the setting out) :discessus, seldom abitus, a or de loco :at the moment of departure, proficiscens ; sub ipsa profectione :just before his departure he said, abiturus jam dixit :to prepare for departure, iter parare, comparare.He resolved not to put off his departure for Greece any longer, non ultra differre profectionem in Græciam constituit (Livius).|| Decease. vid. DECEASE, or DEMISE. DEPARTMENT, || Sphere of business, provincial ; munus ; cura ; munia, plural, (functions, duties, public or private) :officium (duty) :curatio (properly the managing, but also the business to be managed by anybody ; also of public offices ; me sinas curare ancillas ; quæ mea est curatio, Plautus, Cas., 2, 3, 43 ; vid. Livius, 4, 12,13) :ministerium (e.g., the management of his department, curatio ministerii sui, Livius, 4, 12) :that does not belong to my department, munus meum hoc non est :to manage a (public) department, negotium publicum obire :the naval department, provincia maritima (Livius, 37, 2); provincia classis (Livius 41, 1 ; cf. 42, 48) :the naval department belongs to anybody, alicui provincia maritima est, or alicui classis provincia evenit (ibid.) the foreign department, * cura, or administratio rerum externarum (Bau.). || The department of a country; district, pars : regio (district). Cf., not provincia.To divide the country into four departments, terram in quatuor regiones or partes describere, dividere :in departments, regionatim (Livius, 45, 30, in.). || Branch of literature, genus : certum aliquid literarum genus :admirable in his own department (of literature), admirabilis in suo genere :to confine himself exclusively to a single department of literature, in una re (e. g., in una philosophia) quasi tabernaculum vitæ sua; collocasse (Cicero, De Or., 3, 20, 77).
DEPAUPERATE, Vid. IMPOVERISH. DEPAUPERATION, vid. IMPOVERISHMENT. DEPEND, || Hang down from, dependere (not common till post-Augustan, period; Livius, not Cicero, or Cæsar) :to depend from, dependere aliqua re, ab aliqua re ; ex aliqua re (e. g., ex humeris, Vergilius) :pendere, from anything, ab (de, ex) aliqua re.|| To be dependent on; to depend on anybody or anything, pendere ex aliquo or aliqua re (less commonly aliquo ; in a general sense) :pendere ex alicujus arbitrio :alicujus indigere : esse in alicujus manu or potestate ; in aliquo esse positum (situm) esse (of things, etc., that are in the power of anybody) :in alicujus potestate verti (e. g., omnia in unius potestate vertentur, Cicero) :in aliqua re verti (e. g., in jure illa causa vertetur) :contineri aliqua re (to be contained or involved in anything) :penes aliquem constare or consistere (to depend on anybody’s will, Cæsar, B. G. 7, 21 ; Auct., ad Herren., 4, 5, 7) :this depends entirely upon you, hujusce rei potestas omnis in te sita est :what part we play, depends upon our own will, or upon ourselves, ipsi quam personam gerere velimus, a nostra potestate proficiscitur :to depend on fortune, fortunæ subjectum esse ; fortuitum esse (to depend on chance) :to depend upon another or others, ex alieno arbitrio pendere (opposed to suis viribus stare, Livius,35, 32) :to depend upon himself, non aliunde pendere (to have need of nobody) :suis viribus stare (Livius) :it does not depend upon me, non est or non situm est in mea manu or potestate ; non potestas mihi est (with gerund) :Great events often depend upon trifling circumstances, ex parvis rebus sæpe magnarum momenta pendent :if it had depended upon me, * si res mei arbitrii fuisset (Ruhnken) :this depends entirely upon you, potestas tota hujus rei tua est :my safety depends on yours, tua salute continetur mea :all depends upon you, in te omnia sunt :all depends on the good or bad luck of others, omnia suspensa aliorum aut bono casu aut contrario pendere ex alterius eventis coguntur :their fate depends on the event of the war, discrimen rerum suarum in bello eventuque ejus vertitur :the whole matter depends on their will and decision, eorum ad arbitrium judiciumque summa omnium rerum redit. Cf., Dependere is found, in this sense, only in Ovidius, dependetque fides a veniente die (Fast., 3, 356). || To rely on, fidere or confidere alicui, or alicui rei, or aliqua re (to trust it with complete reliance) :fretum esse aliquo and aliqua re (to depend or build upon anybody or anything) :niti aliqua re (to rest upon it) :to depend upon one’s self, fiduciam in se collocare :to depend too much on one’s self, nimis confidere :to depend entirely upon anybody, se totum alicui committere (to put one’s self quite in his hands) not to depend upon anybody, alicui diffidere.I depend upon your secrecy, hoc tibi soli dictum puta; hoc in aurem tibi dixerini hoc lapidi dixerim ! secreto hoc audi tecumque habeto (Cf., sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim, is not Latin) :you may depend upon my affection and zeal to serve you, a me summa in te stadia officiaque exspecta (Cicero) :lest they should become careless by depending upon each other, ne mutua, inter se fiducia negligentiores fiant. It shall be done; you may depend upon it, ne dubita ; factum puta. To be depended on, certus (of persons and things) :constans :firmus et constans :certus et constans (steady; not fickle, etc.) :fidus, fidelis (faithful) :verus (true) :A friend who may be depended upon, amicus certus, firmus, constans, or firmus et constans :amicus fidus or fidelis :an historian who may be depended on, scriptor, qui ad historiæ fidem narrat. || Depend on it (he, it, etc., will), may be translated by certe, non dubito, or ne dubita, quin …, mihi crede; (unum hoc) sic habeto, etc. Depend upon it, he is deceiving himself, certe hic se ipse fallit (Terentianus) :depend upon it, the thing is possible, non dubito, quin hoc fieri possit ; but depend upon it, not a man of you will overtake me, sed, mihi crede, nemo me vestrum consequetur. DEPENDANCE, DEPENDENCE. || Connexion, e. g., the dependence of circumstances on each other, causæ aliæ ex aliis
aptæ :there is a dependence of all the virtues upon each other, omnes virtutes inter se nexæ sunt. [SYN. in CONCATENATION.] || Subjection, ditio : obsequium (Tacitus, obedience) :officium (duty) :servitus (slavery) :indigentia (the want of anything necessary to its existence) :to be in a state of dependence upon anybody, in alicujus ditionem venire ; sub alicujus imperium ditionemque cadere; sub nutum ditionemque alicujus pervenire; alicujus ditione nutuque regi ; ex arbitrio or imperio pendere :to be in dependence upon anybody or anything, sub dominationem alicujus or alicujus rei subjectum esse : alicui or alicui rei obnoxium esse (to be in dependence on the caprice of anybody, or anything) :to live in dependence on anybody, vivere obedientem alicui (Sallustius) ; to live in a state of dependence, * ad alius arbitrium non ad suum vivere. || Reliance upon, fiducia; upon anybody or anything, alicujus or alicujus rei : fides (dependence on the probity of anybody) :spes firma; spes certa (perfect dependence, or sure and certain hope). (The words are found in this connection and order.) spes atque fiducia (e. g., Domitium, cujus spe atque fiducia permanserint, fugæ consilium capere).
DEPENDANT, DEPENDENT, adjective, and substantive, dependens ; pendens ex aliquo or aliqua re : indigens alicujus (dependent on anybody for advancement) :sub dominationem alicujus or alicujus rei subjectus : alicui subjectus (under the command of anybody) :alicui rei or sub aliquid subjectus (improperly ; e. g., sub libidinem ; sub varios casus) :alicui or alicui rei obnoxius (e. g., casibus ; exposed to) :alicujus imperio subjectus :all your dependents, omnes, quibus præes :cruel towards dependents, crudelis in inferiores :a dependent vassal or client, cliens :dependent, or hanger-on, assecla (a dependent on people of rank, mostly in a contemptuous sense, also as a disciple, or the follower of a sect).Anybody’s creatures and dependents, alicujus assentatores atque asseclæ (Cicero) :to be dependent on. Vid. To DEPEND ON. DEPICT, || PROPR., depingere : coloribus reddere (to depict or represent by colors; to paint) :to depict figures, coloribus figuras depingere ; a face, effingere oris lineamenta. [vid. To PAINT] : repræsentare (represent; also of statuaries, etc., Plinius) :pingere (properly ; and also of orators, etc.) :fingere, effingere (of statuaries; also of orators, etc.) . || FIG., dicendo effingere alicujus rei imaginem; exponere; exprimere (to depict or make visible, as it were, by words, exprimere, with the addition of oratione) :adumbrare aliquid or speciemet formam alicujus rei (to depict, or represent with the proper lights and shades ; of the painter and orator) :describere (to depict or represent characteristically, χαρακτηριζειν ). To depict a person’s character, alicujus vitam depingere ; imaginem consuetudinis atque vitæ alicujus exprimere [Cf., not depingere aliquem]. DEPILATION, pilorum evulsio, or exstirpatio (the plucking off of the hair). DEPILATORY, s., dropax ( δρῶπαξ , a pitch plaister, to take away the hair ; vid. Martisalis, 3, 74, 1) :to take away the hair by a depilatory plaister, dropacare aliquem ( δρωπακιζειν ; Octavianus, Horatius, 4).
DEPILOUS, sine pilo, or sine pilis ; pilo carens (by nature) :pilis defectus (by old age, Phædrus, 5, 7, 2) :depilatus (deprived of hair on any part of the body) :calvus (opposed to capillatus, comatus).
DEPLETION, exinanitio : detractio sanguinis and detractio only (depletion by blood-letting) :to bear depletion, detractionem [sanguinis] sustinere (Celsus, 2, 10) :to be cured by depletion, detractionibus curari (Vitrvius, 1, 6, opposed to adjectionibus) :to use depletion, deplere sanguinem (Plinius).
DEPLORABLE, miserabilis ; dolendus :miserandus ; cornmiserandus; deplorandus ; lamentabilis ; ærumnosus : calamitosus. Vid. LAMENTABLE, WRETCHED. DEPLORABLENESS, Vid. MISERY, WRETCHEDNESS. DEPLORABLY, miserandum or miserum in modum : misere : miserabiliter (in a manner to excite compassion ; miserabiliter also, very badly ; e. g., miserabiliter scriptæ literæ).
DEPLORE, deflere : deplorare ; complorare (to deplore or bewail vehemently ; complorare especially of several) :to deplore the death of anybody, deflere, complorare alicujus mortem; de morte alicujus flere ; alicujus morti illacrimari ; alicujus mortem cum fletu deplorare :to deplore the dead, lacrimis justoque comploratu prosequi mortuos (of deploring the dead by female mourners at the funeral, Livius, 25, 26) :to deplore the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes, pariter vivos mortuosque :the death of anybody is not deplored, mors alicujus caret lacrimis :to deplore himself and his country, complorare se patriamque (cf. Livius, 2, 40) :to deplore his misfortunes, deplorare de suis incommodis :to deplore the fate of the nation with unavailing tears, complorare inutili lamentatione fortunam gentis :it is much to be deplored, valde dolendum est. Vid. BEWAIL, LAMENT. DEPLUMATION, plumarum detractio. DEPLUME, e. g., a bird, * avi pennas evellere, or auferre. DEPLUMED, deplumis (without feathers) :deplumatus (Isid. late).
DEPONENT, testis : qui juratus aliquid affirmat.|| In grammar, verbum deponens. DEPOPULATE,To depopulate a country, terram vacuefacere ; incolas terra ejicere (to remove the inhabitants ; vid. Nepos, Cim., 2, 5) :vastare ; devastare ; pervastare (to lay waste; make uninhabitable for men ; devastare and pervastare, to make so utterly) :populari ; depopulari ; perpopulari ( to lay waste by an army, so as to drive away the inhabitants, and destroy whatever can afford them subsistence, especially by robbery and plunder) :to depopulate and lay waste by fire and sword, ferro ignique, or igni ferroque vastare ; ferro flammisque pervastare. DEPOPULATION, vastatio :populatio ; depopulatio (depopulation and complete ransacking ; e. g., of the land, agrorum) :vastitas (the state of being depopulated).
DEPOPULATOR, vastator populator (depopulator or layer waste) :eversor (destroyer); (The words are found in this connection and order.) populatror eversorque. DEPORT, || To deport one’s self; [vid. DEMEAN ONE’S SELF ; BEHAVE]. || To banish (vid.), deportare aliquem ; to an island, in insulam. DEPORTATION, deportatio (Ulpianus).Vid. TRANSPORTATION and EXILE. DEPORTMENT, Vid. DEMEANOR, BEHAVIOR. DEPOSE. || To deprive of a high station, (α) Dethrone, vid. (β) To reduce from other high stations, loco suo aliquem movere (general term) :removere, abmovere, submovere aliquem a munere : abolere, or abrogare alicui magistratum or imperium (both in the Roman sense ; abolere, with the notion of deposition forever).|| To depose as a witness, testificari ; pro testimonio dicere :to depose on oath, * juratum aliquid affirmare :to depose in confirmation of another person’s deposition, attestari ; testimonio confirmare.
DEPOSIT, v. RPOPR.,ponere ; deponere (to lay down ; also to deposit or give into the keeping of anybody) :to deposit a burden, onus deponere :to deposit in the earth, aliquid deponere defossa terra (Horatius) : in a ditch, trench, scrobe, sulco, etc., aliquid deponere :to deposit eggs, ova ponere (e. g., sepibus, Vergilius) :Cf., deponere in aliquo loco and in aliquem locum, both classical. || To deposit with a view to preservation, deponere :to deposit money, ponere pecuniam :to deposit anything with anybody, deponere aliquid apud aliquem :to deposit in a temple, ponere in templo (as a consecrated gift); referre in templum (to deposit for the sake of safe custody) :in the treasury (money), in ærarium or in publicum referre ; in thesaurum referre (of the foregoing verbs the two first refer to the magistrate, who deposits the money received by him in charge for the state, or to the general who deposits the money taken as booty, in the public treasury ; vid. Cicero, Agr., 2, 27, 72 : Nepos, Timoth., 1,2; the last is in Livius, 29, 18 ; especially in reference to the money collected, and deposited in the treasury.In ærarium deferre has a totally different meaning, and refers to what is contributed by individuals, and deposited in the treasury for the use of the state; vid. Livius, 5, 25; 40, 41) :to deposit the money of minors in the treasury (by the state), pecunias pupillares in fide publica deponere :to deposit or pay in, tradere :to deposit for the sake of being kept, servandum dare :to deposit as a pledge ; vid. PLEDGE. DEPOSIT, depositum : * pecuniæ apud aliquem depositæ : fidei commissum ( property of any sort, which anybody is under an obligation to restore to a third party) :a deposit or pledge, pignus (pignus of res mobiles which are actually deposited, hypotheca of res immobiles : “res quæ sine traditione nuda conventione tenetur,” Justinus, Inst., 4, 6, 7) :arrhabo ; arrha (a deposit or earnest- money) :to give a deposit or pledge, dare pignus :to give anything as a deposit or pledge, aliquid pignerare or oppignerare; aliquid pignori dare, or obligare, or opponere ; fiduciarium dare aliquid :to receive anything as a deposit, aliquid pignori accipere :to give anything as a deposit to anybody, apud aliquem pignori ponere aliquid :to restore a deposit, reddere depositum :For other meanings, vid. PLEDGE, MORTGAGE. DEPOSITARY, custos ; apud quem aliquid depositum est : sequester ( = ” apud quem plures eandem rem, de qua controversia est, deposuerunt,” Modest.,Dig., 50, 16, 110).
DEPOSITION, || Deprivation, of rank.Circumlocution by verbs.The deposition of Lentulus, * abrogatum Lentuli imperium :a law about the deposition of Lentulus, lex de abrogando Lentuli imperio. || Evidence, testimonium :to make a deposition, juratum aliquid affirmare :to make a deposition as to anything, testimonium alicujus rei dare or reddere ; testimonium alicujus rei afferre. DEPOSITOR, depositor (late; Ulpianus)
:qui pecunias apud aliquem deponit or deposuit. DEPOSITORY, receptaculum (general term, prædæ, for the booty) :apotheca, æ, f. ( ἀποθήκη ; a place where stores are kept; especially wine; Cicero, Horatius, and others) :horreum (magazine, etc., especially for corn).
DEPOT, Vid. DEPOSITORY. DEPRAVATION, corruptio :depravatio :deterior conditio or status : pravitas. DEPRAVE, deterius facere, or in deterius mutare aliquid (to make worse, instead of better ; opposed to corrigere) :in pejus mutare, or vertere et mutare (to turn to evil ; opposed to in melius mutare) :corrumpere ; depravare (to deprave physically and morally, opposed to corrigere). (The words are found in this connection and order.) corrumpere et depravare :to deprave anybody, aliquem depravare ; alicujus mores depravare or corrumpere. DEPRAVED, Vid. CORRUPT, adjective, WICKED. DEPRAVITY, depravatio et fœditas animi (Cicero) :mores corrupti depravatique; mores perditi or turpes. Vid. CORRUPTION ; WICKEDNESS.
DEPRECATE,To deprecate (or avert anything from anybody by prayer), deprecari aliquid ab aliquo :to deprecate a fault, postulare, ut delicto ignoscatur; erroris veniam petere :to deprecate anybody’s wrath, deprecari iram alicujus (e. g., senatus, Livius); postulare, ut delicto ignoscat alicuis. DEPRECATION, deprecatio (prayer for the pardon of an offence) :ignoscendi postulatio (prayer for pardon) :at anybody’s deprecation, aliquo deprecatore :compelled by your importunate deprecation, coactus tuis assiduis vocibus. DEPRECIATE, || To lessen the price, levare pretia alicujus rei :to depreciate corn, annonam laxare or levare ; Cf., depretiare late ; Paullus, Dig., 9, 2, 22. || To undervalue, detrabere de aliqua re, or de aliquo (to depreciate or detract from the value of anything, or anybody) :to speak of anybody in order to depreciate his character, de aliquo detrahendi causa dicere :to depreciate anybody’s actions, elevare res gestas ; elevare alicujus præclare acta (Livius); anybody’s credit or authority, elevare aliquem or alicujus auctoritatem ; levare alicujus auctoritatem :to depreciate or speak against anybody, or anything, obtrectare alicui, and alicui rei, or (seldomer) aliquid ; alicujus laudibus and alicujus laudes :every one extols himself and depreciates his neighbor, ita se quisque extollit, ut deprimat alium (Livius ).
DEPRECIATION, obtrectatio. DEPREDATE, v., Cf., not deprædari, late, for prædari ; prædam agere ; depopulari ; depeculari ; spoliare, etc. Vid. PLUNDER, PILLAGE, PREY upon. DEPREDATION, direptio; expilatio; depopulatio ; prædatio :depredations of all sorts, latrocinia et raptus :to commit depredations, rapinas facere; latrocinari :to abstain from depredations, direptione prædaque abstinere. Cf., deprædatio very late ; Lactant. DEPREDATOR, || Plunderer, raptor (the depredator who employs force in plundering others) :prædo (who makes booty, either by sea or land) :pirata (who seizes the possessions of others by open force at sea, the corsair) :the depredators of the world (of the Romans), raptores orbis (Tacitus, Agr., 30, 5). || Depopulator, vastator : populator (a depredator or ravager) :eversor (a depredator or destroyer). (The words are found in this connection and order.) populator eversorque. DEPREDATORY, rapax (in search of plunder) :prædatorius (fitted out to make booty ; e. g., navis) :latrociniis assuetus (accustomed to live by plunder; e. g., gens) :latrocinio similis (like a highway robbery).
DEPREHEND, || To catch or take unawares anybody in anything, deprehendere aliquem in re : comprehendere (to deprehend and put in confinement) ; anybody in the very act, aliquem deprehendere in manifesto facinore. || To deprehend, find out, or detect, deprehendere : invenire :reperire. Vid. DETECT. DEPREHENSIBLE,By circumlocution with verb : quod deprehendi potest, etc. DEPREHENSION, || comprehensio (properly) :prehensio (properly and in a juridical sense ; e. g., to have the right of deprehension, jus prehensionis habere) :deprehensio (taking by surprise). || Finding out, inventio : observatio ; cognitio (perception).
DEPRESS, deprimere; opprimere (properly and figuratively) :frangere (figuratively, to make spiritless, opposed to erigere, vid. Bremi, Nepos, Them., 1, 3) :to be depressed by a consciousness of his crimes, conscientia scelerum opprimi :to depress or afflict anybody, aliquem , or alicujus animum affligere ; alicujus animum frangere or infringere :to depress anybody’s hopes, spem alicujus incidere or infringere ; suddenly, spem alicujus præcidere. DEPRESSION, || PROPR., depressio (post-classical, rare ; e. g., of the sun ; opposed to altitudo ejus ; of the nose, nasi, Macrobius). || FIG., Mental depression, animi demissio ; animus demissus ; animus abjectus, orafflictus, or jacens (want of spirit) :animus a spe alienus (hopelessness) :tristitia (sadness) :Don’t let him perceive your depression, cave te esse tristem sentiat (Terentius, Andr., 2, 3, 29) :to rouse anybody from a state of depression, animum alicujus jacentem excitare. DEPRESSIVE, gravis; acerbus. DEPRIVATION, || The act of depriving, privatio ; spoliatio ; direptio ; expilatio ; orbatio, etc. (SYN. of verbs under DEPRIVE) :ademtio (the taking away, Cicero, ; plural, Tacitus, ademtiones bonorum) :amotio (the removal; e. g., doloris, Cicero). || The state of losing, amissio, amissus (loss : for the latter, vid. Nepos, Alc., 6, 2) :jactura (a loss voluntarily undergone ; vid. Plinius, Ep., 1, 12, in jacturam gravissimam feci, si jactura dicenda tanti viri amissio) :orbitas alicujus (state of desolation from the loss of anybody ; e. g., of the commonwealth, orbitas rei publicæ talium virorum).Anything is a great deprivation to anybody, miserum est alicui carere aliqua re. The loss of anything was a great deprivation to anybody, quam huic erat miserum carere re (e. g., consuetudine amicorum, Cicero)! DEPRIVE, privare aliquem aliqua re (to take away anything from anybody) :spoliare ; despoliare ; or exspoliare (stronger expressions) :adimere (to take away something desirable) :eripere (to snatch away) alicui aliquid : orbare aliquem re (to take away anything which is dear to us, especially children, hopes, etc.) :to deprive anybody of his children, aliquem orbare liberis ; liberos ab aliquo abstrahere (by main force ; e. g., as hostages, obsidum nomine) :to deprive anybody of all his senses, aliquem omnibus orbare sensibus :lo deprive anybody of his reason, aliquem deturbare de mente et sanitate :deprived of anything, orbus aliqua re ; of children, liberis orbatus ; of the use of one’s limbs, membris captus :of the sight, hearing, understanding, oculis et auribus, mente captus ; of hope, spe orbatus ; completely, spe dejectus. DEPTH, altitudo (depth, as a quality) :profunditas (depth, as a property ; though not used by ancient writers, it is analogically formed, and may be retained wherever perspicuity requires it) :profundum :altum (depths of the sea ; hardly, except where mare, locus, etc. can be supplied; e. g., jecissem me potius in profundum, sc. mare, into the depths of the sea) :vorago (an abyss) :latitudo (horizontal depth from face to back; breadth, opposed to longitudo) :vocis genus grave (depth of voice or sound) :recessus (that which retires back; e. g., recessus oris, etc.) :depths, loca in mirandam altitudinem depressa :the depths of a forest, silvarum profunda (Tacitus) :the depth of the stream, altitudo fluminis :the immense depth (of a river), profunda altitudo (Tacitus) :the depth of the sea, altitudo maris (as a property); profundum maris (the bottom of the sea) :to cast one’s self into the depths of the sea, præcipitare (without design) ; se jacere in profundum (with design) :to be out of one’s depth, in profundo esse ; solo or vado fugiente destitui aliquem vadum destituit (Livius 21, 28) :to be afraid of getting out of one’s depth, timere altitudinem (Livius 21, 28) :the house is thirty feet in depth, domus triginta pedes in latitudinem exstructa est; domus triginta pedes lata est. || Depth of character, altitudo ingenii ; of soul, altitudo animi ( βαθύτης ; vid. Beier, Cicero, Off.,1, 25, 88) :the depth of the Divine wisdom, summa Dei sapientia. Cf., Neither profunditas, nor profundum, nor altitudo can be used for “depth of learning,” “depth of intellect,” etc. ; but either subtilitas or acumen ingenii, or circumlocution, ingenium subtile; literæ non vulgares, sed interiores quædam et reconditæ, etc. || Middle; in the depth of the night, media nocte :the depth of winter, summa hiems :it was the depth of winter, the weather being very cold and rainy, erat hiems summa, tempestas perfrigida, imber maximus (Cicero).
DEPURATE, DEPURE, || To purify; vid. DEPURATION, vid. PURIFICATION. DEPUTATION, || Act of deputing, delegatio (in Cicero only of the assignment of a debt; in other sense in later writers). || Permission to act, potestas aliquid faciendi ; auctoritas (the commission, by virtue of which anybody is competent to act) :by deputation from the Senate, auctoritate senatus :to grant a deputation to anybody, alicujus arbitrio rem gerendam tradere, or committere :by deputation from anybody, mandatu alicujus (Cicero); auctoritate alicujus (by his authority) : nomine alicujus (in his name). || Persons deputed, legatio :legati :If the name of the state is mentioned, the adjective is often used alone; ” the Sicilian deputations,” Siculi.Some deputations arrive from Sicily, Siculi veniunt cum mandatis. DEPUTE, mandare alicui, ut, etc. (to commission anybody) :delegare (e. g., aliquem huic negotio ; to depute him to perform it ; e. g., in Golden Age, of deputing a person to perform what one should perform one’s self) :deferre, demandare alicui aliquid (entrust anybody with the care of anything; e. g., curam alicujus rei) :to depute the tribunes to attend
to the wounded, curam sauciorum militum tribunis demandare (Livius). Cf., Deputare = (1) to prune, (2) to reckon, consider, etc. Sometimes alicui alicujus rei faciendæ licentiam dare, or permittere : liberum alicujus rei arbitrium alicui permittere (both meaning to give to anybody competent authority to act) may serve :to be deputed by anybody, mandata habere ab aliquo :to do anything in consequence of being deputed by anybody, alicujus nomine (in anybody’s name and by anybody’s authority) ; aliquo auctore (as anybody’s representative) facere aliquid. Vid. DELEGATE. DEPUTY, cui rerum agendarum licentia data or permissa est (Cicero, Verr., 3, 94, 220 ; Sallustius, Jug.,103, 2) :qui mandata habet ab aliquo (commissioner) :* publica auctoritate missus; or merely legatus (a deputy or commissioner sent by the state) :procurator (anybody who acts as aproxy) :Vid. DELEGATE and AMBASSADOR. DERACINATE, Vid. ROOT UP or OUT. DERANGE, turbare; conturbare; perturbare (to put in disorder ; conturbare and perturbare are also equivalent to, to make amazed) :miscere ; permiscere (figuratively, to throw in disorder one with another) :confundere (to cast together; thence, figuratively, to throw together into one mass, and thereby put into disorder ; equivalent to, to make amazed or confused) :to derange the stomach, stomachum dissolvere (Plinius) :to derange the hair, capillos turbare; the order of battle, aciem implicare; ordines aciei conturbare, or perturbare, or confundere ; anybody’s plans, rationes alicui (omnes) conturbare :to derange everything, omnia perturbare or miscere :to derange the order of things, perturbare rerum ordinem (Cicero). || To disorder the intellect, mentem turbare, alienare (to make crazed).
DERANGED, || Confused; out of order, perturbatus : conturbatus :confusus :(The words are found in this connection and order.) conturbatus et confusus : impeditus :perplexus :inordinatus :incompositus. || Mad; vid. DERANGEMENT, implicatio (involved condition, e. g., of family estate or fortune, res familiaris) :perturbatio (disturbance of the order of anything ; e. g., of an army, exercitus) :perturbatio ordinis (absolutely, disturbance of the ranks and arrangement of troops) :mens turbata (derangement of the understanding) :perturbatio (absolutely, perplexity) :trepidatio (shuddering and shaking like anybody out of his wits at the near approach of danger) :a complete derangement of everything, omnium rerum perturbatio :to cause a complete derangement of everything, omnia miscere et turbare :to fall into a state of derangement, turbari; conturbari perturbari :to be in a state of mental derangement, mentis errore affici; mente capi or alienari.κυρικιμασαηικο DERELICTION, || The act of forsaking, or state of being forsaken, relictio ; desertio ; destitutio : inopia :dereliction of duty, * prætermissio officii (since præmittere officium is classical, and also the word prætermissio, it is probably correct in this construction), or circumlocution with officium prætermittere, deserere ; officio deesse :censure for his dereliction of duty, officii prætermissi reprehensio. DERIDE, Vid. “LAUGH AT.” DERIDER, derisor (rare ; not Cicero) :irrisor (of anything, alicujus rei) :Vid. MOCKER, SCOFFER. DERISION, derisus ; derisio (laughing to scorn; derisio by later writers) :irrisio ; irrisus (mockery) :cavillatio (ironical, irritating derision) :sugillatio (derision with supercilious insulting mockery) :luditicatio (making a laughing-stock of anybody) :in derision, ab irrisu (Livius); per deridiculum (Plautus ) :to become an object of derision, in ludibrium verti ; ad ludibrium recidere :to have anybody in derision, aliquem habere ludibrio et despectui (Cicero); aliquem habere deridiculo. DERISIVE, irridens ; deridens ; cavillans (of persons) :aculeatus ; acerbus (pointed; stinging, mortifying, of words, etc.); derisive words, verborum aculei :derisive jokes, acerbæ facetiæ. DERISIVELY, cum aliquo aculeo; irrisione (e. g., irrisione omnium ludi).
DERIVATION, of a word, verbi originatio : etymologia (denotes not only the derivation but also the explanation of a word from its root; according to Quintilianus, 1, 6, 28, originatio was the word used for derivation by several writers of his time) ; origo : verbi derivatio (the formation of the word from an existing word ; e. g., Pelides from Peleus).
DERIVATIVE, derivativus (grammatical technical term Prisc.).
DERIVE,To derive his genealogy or origin from anybody, genus deducere ab aliquo ; originem ducere, or trahere, ab aliquo ; oriundum esse ab aliquo (to descend from anybody, of more remote descent) ; originem sui ad aliquem referre (to trace one’s origin to anybody, by a very remote descent) :to derive anything from the Deity, Deum facere alicujus rei effectorem. || To derive words from roots or other words; to derive one word from another, esse puto, ducere, or deducere a or ex, etc.; verbum ducere or flectere a, etc. : verbum derivare, or denominare a, etc. (to form one word from another existing word, as “Pelides” from “Peleus ;” Cf., but not in the sense of, supposing one word to be the root of another = verbum ducere, etc.) :to derive a word from the Greek, flectere verbum de Græco (Gellius, 4, 3) :to derive the name of anything from a certain word, nomen alicujus rei a verbo quodam ducere :from what do you think the name of Neptune is derived ? unde nomen Neptuni dictum, or ductum, esse putas? Janus is derived from ire ; nomen Jani ab eundo ductum est (Cicero).”Facio” is derived from “facies,” proprio nomine dicitur facere a facie (Varro).I suppose “amicitia” to be derived from “amare,” * amicitiam ab amando ductam, appellatam, fictam, dictam (Cf., not derivatam), puto. || Draw from a source or channel, derivare (properly and figuratively); from a source, ex fonte [Quintilianus], fonte [Horatius] ; to … in with accusative :to derive the various secondary meanings of a word from its primary signification, * multiplices vocis significationes a nativa ducere. DEROGATE, || Disparage, etc., followed by “from,” minuere ; imminuere aliquid (especially to lessen) :deminuere partem alicujus rei, or aliquid de aliqua re ; detrahere de aliqua re (to take away anything from anything) :derogare (e. g., quiddam de honestate, Cicero) :to derogate from anybody’s fame, alicujus gloriam or laudem minuere, or imminuere ; detrahere de alicujus gloria ; gloriæ alicujus obtrectare :to derogate from anybody’s authority, auctoritatem minuere or imminuere :to derogate from anybody’s good name, detrahere de fama alicujus. || Abrogate (obsolete); vid. DEROGATION, imminutio :obtrectatio (e. g., of anybody’s renown, alienæ gloriæ) :without any derogation from your dignity, sine imminutione dignitatis tuæ. SYN. in DETRACTION. DEROGATIVE, DEROGATORY, imminuens ; deminuens; detrahens, etc. (making less) :damnosus; detrimentosus (causing injury, detrimentosus, * Cæsar, B. G., 7, 33) :alienus; adversus (unfavorable) :iniquus (unjust) :to commit nothing derogatory to the character of a wise man, nihil discedere a dignitate sapientis :to commit anything derogatory to one’s character, rank, etc., a dignitate sua discedere :not to allow anything that is derogatory to another thing to be done, aliquid de aliqua re (e. g., de auctoritate sua) deminui non pati :to say anything derogatory of anybody, alicujus laudibus obtrectare ; detrahere de alicujus fama. DEROGATORILY, male (unfavorably) :inique (unjustly).
DERVISE, * monachus Muhammedanus. DESCANT, v., vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere (Cicero, De Or., 1, 59). || To descant or be prolix on any subject, nimium esse in aliqua re ; copiose et abundanter dicere ; fuse et late dicere ; upon anything, uberius et fusius de aliqua re disputare (opposed to brevius et angustius) ; also dilatare aliquid (opposed to premere aliquid) :to descant or speak more than is necessary, longius, latius, et diffusius dicere ; verbosius, quam necesse erat. DESCANT, s., || vox summa, or acuta, or attenuata. || Prolix discussion, verbositas (using too many words, as a quality, late) :anfractus ; ambages (by circumlocution) :to ring a descant, ambages narrare (Terentianus, Heaut., 2, 3, 77).
DESCEND, || To come down, descendere (from higher ground, ex superioribus locis ; from a mountain, citadel, etc., de monte, arce, etc. : to the plain, in planitiem, campum, æquum locum, or æquum only) :degredi (to go down) :se demittere to let one’s self down (e. g., in convallem) :labi or delabi, from, ex, etc. (also delabi a, de..) :defluere (insensibly and slowly) :to descend into battle (1 Sam., 26), descendere in aciem (Livius) :to descend or fall to the ground, desidere; subsidere. || Improperly, To descend to our own times (of customs, traditions, etc), hæc in tempora, or usque ad nostra tempora durare ; ad nostram memoriam manere (of written or other monuments) ; tradi ab antiquis usque ad nostram ætatem (of a custom, manners, etc.) :to descend gradually from remote antiquity to our own days, a summa memoria gradatim descendere ad hanc ætatem. || To come down to what is low or mean, descendere ad aliquid :delabi ad aliquid, in aliquid (e. g., in hoc vitium scurrile, Cicero ; ad impatientiam, Tacitus) :demittere se in or ad aliquid (e. g., ad servilem patientiam; in adulationem, both Tacitus) :to descend to the level of brutes, omnem humanitatem exuere :to descend gradually from worse to worse, declinare in pejus :to descend to a state of slavery, ad servitium (ad servitia) cadere. || To descend or be descended = derive one’s origin from anybody, ortum, oriundum esse (in prose, in declaring the person from whom anybody descends, the preposition a, or ab, must be used ; but in declaring the rank out of which anybody descends, the preposition a, or ab, must be omitted) :originem trahere
ab aliquo; originem ducere a or ex aliquo (to descend from or derive his origin from, etc.). || To descend from a ship, = disembark, e navi exire; in terram exire; also exire only; (e) navi egredi ; also egredi only; escendere; exscensionem facere. || To descend or make a descent upon, irruptionem or incursionem facere in, etc. ; upon a country, terram invadere ; in terram irruptionem facere ; with forces, terram invadere cum copiis ; copias in fines hostium introducere ; in hostes irrumpere, irruere, impressionem facere. || Of the descent of property, etc., pervenire ad aliquem (e. g., hereditas ad filiam pervenit, Cicero) :venire alicui (e. g., major hereditas unicuique nostrum venit, etc., Cicero, Cæcin., 26, 74).
DESCENDANT, progenies :anybody’s descendant., oriundus ab aliquo; prognatus ex aliquo :anybody’s descendants, posteri ; progenies :to be a descendant from anybody, oriundum, ortum esse ab aliquo (the latter seldom) ; prognatum esse ex aliquo :the Atnatici were descendants of the Cimbri and the Teutones, Atnatici erant ex Cimbris Teutonisque prognati :male descendants, stirps virilis ; virilis sexus stirps :to leave descendants, stirpem relinquere ; ex se natos (sc. filios) relinquere :to leave no male descendants, virilem sexum non relinquere. DESCENT, || Act of descending, descensio (post- Augustan, e. g., balinearum, into the bath, Plinius) :descensus, us (Sallustius, ; not Cicero, or Cæsar) :casus; lapsus (fall). || Declivity, declivitas ; acclivitas ; proclivitas (sloping positions) :locus declivis ; acclivis ; proclivis(* sloping place, whether ascending or descending, since, wherever there is an ascent, there must also be a descent) :descensus (way leading downwards ; Sallustius, Hirtius) :a very easy descent, facillimi descensus (Hirtius) :a hill, that has a gentle descent, or ascent, collis leniter editus :a city built on the descent or ascent of a hill, urbs applicata colli. || Hostile attack, irruptio ; incursio; incursus :to make a descent upon, irruptionem, or incursionem facere in, etc. || Extraction, origo; genus; stirps :of noble descent, nobili genere natus :of no mean descent, haud obscuro loco natus :of low descent, ignobili, humili, obscuro loco natus; obscuris ortus majoribus :to trace one’s descent from anybody, originem trahere ab aliquo ; originem ducere a or ex aliquo ; ad aliquem originem sui referre (in speaking of a remote descent).
DESCRIBE, || Show or represent by words, describere :perscribere (describe fully) :verbis exsequi : scriptura persequi (to represent by a written description or narrative) :explicare aliquid or de re (give an explanation ; enter into detail about anything) :exponere aliquid or de re (to set anything, as it were, before the eyes ; give a lucid description of, etc.) :Sometimes enarrare :enumerare :literis mandare :memoriæ prodere or tradere :verbis depingere, effingere, exprimere : exprimere et effingere verbis (make clear by a description) :verbis definire (to give a logical description of). (The words are found in this connection and order.) definire verbis* et describere ; illustrare verbisque definire. To describe in a few words, breviter describere, exponere, complecti :to describe in many words, stilo uberiori explicare :to describe in verse, versibus describere, exponere, persequi :to describe anybody’s actions, res alicujus persequi (Cicero); anybody’s life, vitam alicujus explicare (Cicero, Cœcilius, 8, 27); vitam alicujus depingere (Cicero, Rosc., Am., 27); de vita alicujus exponere ; imaginem vitæ alicujus exprimere :to describe a person, exprimere aliquem , scribere de aliquo :to describe a man shortly, aliquem informare (Cicero, Att., 7, 3, 2). || To describe a geometrical figure, scribere; describere :to describe a square, quadratum paribus lateribus describere :to describe a circle with a (given) centre, a centro circumagere lineam rotundationis (Vitrvius, 1, 6 ; vid. CIRCLE) :to describe figures in the dust, formas in pulvere describere. DESCRIBER, scriptor :narrator :The describer of a country, chorographus.And so analogous words may be formed.Vid. under DESCRIPTION. DESCRIPTION, descriptio ; narratio ; enarratio ; expositio :eloquent beyond description., supra quam enarrari potest eloquens :exquisite beyond all description, supra quam ut describi possit eximius :description of the earth, geographia of a country, chorographia ( Vitrvius, 10, 2, 6, where ed. Schneider, chorographus is used) :description of a place, topographia. By analogy other words may be formed in the same manner, as “description of the moon,” or map of the moon, * selenographia; of mountains, * orographia ; of the world, * cosmographia, and so forth.A graphic description, alicujus rei pæne sub aspectum subjectio : alicujus rei sub oculos subjectio. DESCRY, || To see, videre :cernere :aspicere : conspicere :conspicari (SYN. in SEE : conspicari = especially ” to see at a distance and suddenly,” is the nearest to our ” descry ;” but, though common in Plautus and Cæsar, not found in Cicero, Vergilius, Horatius, etc.) :prospicere (to behold at a distance; e. g., Italiam, Vergilius).To descry anybody at a distance, conspicari aliquem ; aliquem procul videre (Terentianus). || To spy (obsolate), speculari; explorare [vid. To SPY]. || To discover, invenire :animadvertere (to mark) :cognoscere (to recognize) :deprehendere : detegere.
DESECRATE, profanare ; profanum facere (in the Golden Age, only to make what is divine, human ; what is holy, common ; opposed to sacrum esse velle ; by later writers it is used especially for ” to violate’) :exaugurare (to desecrate what has been consecrated, by bringing it again into common use, opposed to inaugurare; vid. Livius, 1, 55) :polluere; maculare (to desecrate what is pure and holy by a shameful act) :violare (not to respect its sanctity ; e. g., loca religiosa)Cf., Not the post-Augustan, desacrare, which = CONSACRARE. DESECRATION, violatio (e. g., templi, Livius) :profanatio (Plinius) :exauguratio (e. g., sacelli, the depriving it of its sanctity and restoring it to common purposes).Often by circumlocution. DESERT, solitudo (in a good sense) :vastitas (in a bad sense) :a desert, regio vasta, or deserta, or deserta vastaque; loca deserta or inculta; solitudo vasta or deserta (but deserta rather poetically); also merely deserta, plural (of a district abandoned by men) :the Libyan deserts, vastitas Libyæ ; deserta Libyæ :to turn a country into a desert, regioni vastitatem inferre ; regionem vastare, devastare. || As an adjective, vastus ; desertus ; incultus. DESERT, s. || Worth, dignitas. virtus (excellence) :tried desert, spectata virtus :according to his desert, pro merito; pro dignitate; merito. || A n action, or quality, which gains the thanks of others, meritum; promeritum :deserts with reference to anybody, merita erga or in aliquem (Cf., alicujus circa aliquem merita would be false Latin) :the nobility, which is founded upon desert, nobilitas, quæ fit or cœpit ex virtute. Vid. MERIT, s. DESERT, TRANS., linquere (belongs properly to poetical language, and is used by Cicero only when his language takes a poetical flight, as in his orations) :relinquere (to leave behind, either a person, or place ; thence, also, it is = deserere, as Nepos, Dat.,6, 3 ; signa relinquere to desert one’s colors, “to desert”) :derelinquere (to desert anybody, or anything, without further troubling one’s self about them) :cedere aliquo loco, or ex aliquo loco : decedere aliquo loco, de or ex aliquo loco : discedere ab aliquo, or loco, a or e loco (decedere aliquo loco implies the forsaking of one’s customary functions ; discedere, merely going away) :destituere (to desert where anybody’s support and assistance is expected). (The words are found in this connection and order.) relinquere et deserere; deserere et relinquere ; destituere et relinquere. alicui deesse ; deficere aliquem (to fail him when his services are required and expected) :desciscere ab aliquo (e. g., nec si a me forte desciveris, idcirco te – patiar, etc., Cicero).Hope deserts anybody, destituitur aliquis a spe :my strength deserts, or fails me, vires me deficiunt ; a viribus deficior :my memory deserts me, memoria deficit, or labat ; memoria labor :presence of mind never deserts a good speaker, prudentia nunquam deficit bonum oratorem :to desert anybody or any party, etc., deficere ab aliquo or ab aliqua re (also figuratively) ; deficere ab amicitia alicujus ; desciscere ab aliquo (Nepos).
DESERT, INTR., exercitum deserere signa desesere (Cæsar) or relinquere (to desert his colors; Sallustius Livius) :transire :transfugere (to cross over to ; fly to) :to desert to the enemy, ad adversarios or hostes transire, transfugere, perfugere ; pro perfuga venire ad hostem (Cæsar) :to the Romans, ad Romanos transfugere (of actually flying to them ; e. g., from a city ; Livius, Nepos) :many deserted to the enemy, transitiones ad hostem fiebant (Livius 28, 16) :to desert to anybody, in alicujus partes transgredi ; deficere ad aliquem.
DESERTER, desertor (one who deserts the colors of his army, or general; Cæsar, Livius) :transfuga ; perfuga (one who goes over to the opposite party, perfuga as a delinquent, who betrays his party ; transfuga as a waverer, who changes and forsakes his party ; Döderlein).
DESERTION, (α) generally, relictio :derelictio (e. g., relictio reipublicæ, consulis, etc. derelictio communis utilitatis).destitutio (the leaving anybody in the lurch) :A base and treacherous desertion of anybody, relictio proditioque alicujus. (β) Going over to the opposed to party, transfugium (Livius) :desertio (Modestin., Dig., 49, 16, 3) :desertio signorum : transitio ad hostem (passing over to the enemy) :desertions occurred, transitiones ad hostem fiebant (Livius) :frequent desertions, transfugia crebra. DESERVE,
|| To make one’s self worthy of anything by one’s services, merere ; mereri :commerere ; commereri (to deserve by means of anything) :promerere ; promereri (to deserve anything as a proportional reward or punishment for something done) :dignum esse aliqua re (to be worthy of anything, by the possession of qualities, which in general estimation, confer a right to it) :he deserves to be praised by me, dignus est, quem laudem, or qui a me laudetur :to deserve to be believed, fide dignum esse :to deserve anything of anybody, de aliquo or erga aliquem aliquid mereri :have I deserved this of you ? siccine de te merui, or meritus sum? I did not deserve this from you, * non merui, cui talem gratiam referas :according as he deserves, (pro) merito alicujus :to deserve well of anybody, bene mereri de aliquo :Cf., perfect, merui rather than meritus sum. To deserve to be (praised, etc.), is mereri ut or cur ; seldom infinitive, though Quintilian, has meruit credi secundus ; but Cf., dignus est, ut or qui should be used of fitness to be praised, etc. ; mereor implies that it is earned by the person’s exertions, etc. DESERVEDLY, pro merito ; merito; pro dignitate :very deservedly, meritissimo (Cicero) :merito ac jure : jure : merito atque optimo jure; jure ac merito; jure meritoque :he would be deservedly punished, jure in eum animadverteretur :to be deservedly praised, merito ac jure laudari (Cicero).Cf., Deservedly may, in poetry, be rendered by meritus ; e. g., meritus torquetur ab (Ovidius).
DESERVING, dignus rei or (better) re; bene meritus, merens, or promeritus de :deserving praise or commendation, (omni) laude dignus :deserving the severest punishment, dignus omnibus suppliciis (Plinius); novissima exempla meritus (Tacitus) :deserving well of the state, de republica bene meritus. A deserving person, omni laude dignus : omni virtute ornatus : vir optimus or probus : vir dignissimus omni fortuna optima (3 Rep., 17) :Cf., meritissimus is used absolutely, in the Inscription : Fulvius filiæ meritissimæ. DESHABILLE, negligentior amictus (Quintilianus ; who uses it, however, of the manner in which an orator lets his dress sit, etc.) :vestis domestica (opposed to vestis forensis, Suetonius, Oct., 73 ; Vitell., 8) :* vestis, quam mane induo, etc. ; in deshabille, in veste domestica :to be in deshabille, * negligentius amiciri, vestiri. DESICCANTS, cataplasmata calida. DESICCATE, siccare; exsiccare. desiccare (pre- and post-classical).
DESICCATION, siccatio ; siccitas (e. g., of a body) :ariditas (the dryness ; e. g., of fields).
DESICCATIVE, aliquid siccat ; exsiccat. DESIDERATUM, res maxime necessaria ad aliquid; quod desideratur ; quod deest ; desideratum (anything that is missing).
DESIGN, v. || Purpose, intend, in animo habere : cogitare; agitare (in) mente or (in) animo : parare (to prepare) :moliri (mostly of some difficult purpose) :agitare de aliqua re ; moliri aliquid : constituere (to fix ; to purpose) :destinare (e. g., quæ agere destinaverat). [Vid. To PURPOSE, To INTEND.] || To draw an outline or sketch, delineare ; designare ; describere (not used absolutely, but always with the object expressed ; e. g., imaginem, or some such word) :depingere; describere (figuratively) :to design skilfully, probe depingere aliquid :to be skilled in the art of designing, graphidos scientiam habere. Vid. To DRAW. DESIGN, || Purpose, consilium (plan or purpose) :cœptum; inceptum (beginning, or undertaking) :propositum (intention or purpose) :institutum (that which anybody intends to put into execution) :cogitata, plural, quod cogito (what is in the thoughts, or will) :my design, res, quam paro ; institutum meum :to betray or discover his designs, consilium or cogitata patefacere :to execute his design, consilium exsequi; propositum peragere :to have a design to injure, habere voluntatem nocendi :to entertain hostile designs against the state, contra rempublicam sentire :to form great designs, magna meditari or moliri. || Sketch, plan, designatio; adumbratio : deformatio (delineation) :forma ; figura ; species (sketch) :imago (outline) :descriptio ; ichnographia (ground plan) :a design for a house, ædificandi descriptio (e. g., usus, ad quem accommodanda est ædificandi descriptio, Cicero). || Drawing, graphis, idos, f. (γραφίς), or in pure Latin, pictura linearis :to be skilful in the art of design, graphidos scientiam habere; graphidos non imperitum esse. DESIGNATE, notare :denbtare :signare :designare (general terms, to make distinguishable by a mark) :nominare. appellare :vocare :dicere [SYN. in CALL = NAME] : Cf., vocare mostly with a substantive, dicere with an adjective : nomen alicui dare, indere or imponere (give it a name) :designare aliquid verbis (Cicero, to describe) :designare is also used alone in the sense of “denote;” verba quæ res communes designant (Varr.).To designate everything by a name of its own, suo quamque rem nomine appellare. || Point out to or for (any purpose, situation, etc.), destinare aliquem (or aliquid) ad aliquid or alicui rei : designare (e. g., mark out, fix upon, locum sepulcro ; also absolutely, quem populus designaverit).
DESIGNATION, || Act of marking out, or appointing to, designatio (e. g., sine designatione personarum et temporum, Cicero : designatio consulatus, his appointment to the consulship ; Tacitus) :nominatio (naming) :notatio (as action ; also of denoting by words) :|| That to which a person or thing is appointed, finis (the final purpose for which a thing is intended) :sors :provincia (the sphere of a person’s duties ; his office, calling, etc.). || Import (of a word; Locke), sententia. notio :significatio :vis :potestas. DESIGNEDLY, consulto :cogitate :(The words are found in this connection and order.) consulto et cogitate (after due consideration) :voluntate (willingly, opposed to casu) :dedita opera : de industria (with intentional exertion) :sponte (with no other inducement than one’s own inclination).To do anything designedly, consulto et cogitatum facere aliquid.Not designedly, imprudenter per imprudentiam ; inconsulte; temere. (The words are found in this connection and order.) inconsulte ac temere; temere ac fortuito; casu (by accident).
DESIGNER, || Who has designed or planned anything, inventor (Cf., repertor, poetical and post-classical) :auctor :architectus :(The words are found in this connection and order.) architectus et princeps. || A former of plans, projects, etc., * qui consilia struit or mente agitat :* consiliorum architectus : * homo semper agens aliquid et moliens : doli or fallaciarum machinator (plotter, Tacitus, Ann., I, 10, 2). || One who draws designs, pictor (general term); or circumlocution with verbs, etc. DESIGNING, callidus et ad fraudem acutus : fraudulentus : dolosus : subdolus : subdolus atque occultus (Tacitus) :* semper struens aliquid atque moliens : veterator et callidus. Vid. DECEITFUL. DESIGNLESS, imprudens :inconsultus : temerarius : fortuitus. DESIGNLESSLY, Vid. ” Not DESIGNEDLY.” DESIGNMENT, || Purpose, consilium : consilium institutum : cogitatio :propositum :inceptum (purpose, plan) [SYN. in PLAN]. || The plan sketched out, descriptio alicujus rei : ratio alicujus rei : rei agendæ ordo. DESIRABLE, optabilis :optandus : cupiundus (Sallustius, Jug., 3, 1 ) :expetendus : desiderabilis (rare ; e. g., quæ [cupiditates] inanes sunt, his parendum non est ; nihil enim desiderabile concupiscunt, Cicero, Fin., 1, 16, 53; and Top., 18, 69).Not to seem at all desirable, minime cupiundum videri :not to be desirable for its own sake, nihil habere in se, cur expetatur :to be very desirable, magnopere expetendum esse :to be desirable for its own sake, propter se expetendum esse :there is nothing in this world so desirable as, etc., nihil in hac vita, magnopere expetendum, nisi, etc. DESIRABLENESS, By circumlocution. To have no desirableness, nihil in se habere, cur expetatur. DESIRE, s., desiderium (longing desire for an object, the want of which is felt) :cupido :cupiditas (the former considered as in action, and necessarily with a genitive of the object expressed or implied ; the latter considered as a state, the passion of desire, opposed to tranquillity of mind : Cf., cupido ” not found in Cicero or Cæsar ; common in the poets and historians; especially Tacitus, Sallustius; twice in Quintilianus” Freund) :appetitio (the act of endeavouring to obtain) :appetitus (the state of endeavouring to obtain) :appetentia (the desire itself, which seeks to obtain something) :All with genitive of the object, alicujus rei : libido (the intemperate longing after anything ; plural, libidines, desires = ” lusts,” with reference to want of self-government) :studium (the desire that leads to the zealous pursuit of anything).An insatiable desire, insatiabilis (quædam) cupiditas (e. g., veri videndi; cognoscendi, Cicero) :a marvellous desire, mirabilis (Nepos), mira (Tacitus) cupiditas :an immoderate desire, immodica cupido (Livius) :blinded by desire, cupidine cæcus (Lucretius) :I feel an intense desire for anything, magnum me tenet desiderium alicujus rei (Cicero).A natural desire, desiderium naturale (e. g., cibi, potionis ; opposed to voluptas) :unless they were blinded by desire, nisi ipsos cæcos redderet cupiditas (Cicero).To be inflamed, filled, etc., with desire of anything, alicujus rei desiderio incendi; (magno) alicujus rei desiderio teneri ; aliquid appetere, concupiscere, desiderare :to be tormented with the desire of anything, alicujus rei desiderio flagrare, æstuare, excruciari, confici (Cicero) ; summa alicujus rei cupiditate affectum esse.I feel an intense desire to know, hear, etc.(valde) aveo scire, audire, etc. ; libido est scire (Plautus) :to be stirred with desire, desiderio moveri :to inspire anybody with a desire of anything, dare or injicere alicui cupiditatem
rei ; impellere aliquem in rei cupiditatem [Cf., inspirare cupiditatem alicui or aliquem cupiditate would be barbarous] ; of doing anything, aliquem faciendi aliquid cupiditate incitare :to inflame anybody’s desire of anything, incendere alicujus cupiditatem alicujus rei :an intense and passionate desire is weakened, abates, etc., acerrima illa ac fortissima cupiditas imminuta ac debilitata est :to satisfy a desire, desiderium explere (Livius) :the desire of wealth, amor, cupiditas habendi [Cf., not desiderium habendi]. || Thing desired; wish, quæ quis optat or vult (e. g., facere, to perform them) :to satisfy anybody’s desires, quæ quis optat or vult, facere ; alicujus voluntati satisfacere or obsequi ; aliquem voti compotem facere :to obtain one’s desires, optaturn impetro (ab aliquo) ; adipiscor, quod optaveram, or concupiveram :my desires have been satisfied, quæ volui, mihi obtigerunt :my heart’s desire is satisfied, quod maxime cupio, mini contingit. More under WISH, vid. DESIRE, v., appetere (endeavour to obtain) :cupere : concupiscere :cupere :avidum esse alicujus rei (to desire vehemently and passionately ; the last = to desire greedily) :velle (to wish and co-operate towards the realization of one’s wish) :desiderare (to be dissatisfied because one does not possess the object desired) :optare (to wish; leaving the realization of the wish to others or to fate) :expetere (to long for a distant object, and apply to others for the realization of one’s wish) :avere (with following infinitive : to feel an impatient desire, especially to hear or learn something ; often with valde) :gestire, with following infinitive (to manifest a lively desire by gestures) :to desire eagerly, ardenter cupere aliquid : cupiditate alicujus rei ardere, flagrare ; desiderio alicujus rei magno teneri ; sitire aliquid sitienter expetere aliquid :not to desire anything any longer, aliqua re carere posse.Everything is going on exactly as I could desire, cuncta mihi procedunt; nihil mihi accidit, quod nolim ; fortuna in omnibus rebus respondet optatis meis :just as I, he, etc., could desire, ut volo, volumus, etc. ex sententia ; ex optato ; ad (alicujus) voluntatem :anything is going on just as I could desire, aliquid ex sententia succedit or procedit; aliquid optabilem exitum habet :hitherto all has been exactly as I could have desired, nihil adhuc mihi præter voluntatem accidit. || To express one’s desire, velle aliquem , or ut (to wish to have somebody or something) :petere :poscere :postulare [SYN. in ASK] : contendere ab aliquo, ut, etc. :to desire anything of anybody, postulare [Cf., not desiderare] aliquid ab aliquo.What do you desire me to do ? quid est, quod me velis? quid vis faciam? to desire the grace of pardon (Shakspeare), veniam ab aliquo petere (for any fault, alicujus delicti).
DESIROUS, appetens : cupidus : studiosus : avidus : All with genitive (in post-Augustan historians, avidus also with in) :to be desirous of doing anything, ardet animus ad aliquid faciendum (e. g., of revenging, ad ulciscendum) :avere – gestire (with infinitive, SYN. in DESIRE, v.) :to make anybody desirous, alicui cupiditatem dare or (stronger) injicere ; aliquem in cupiditatem impellere ; aliquem cupiditate incendere aliquem faciendi aliquid (e. g., imitandi) cupiditate incitare (Cicero) :to become desirous, in alicujus rei cupiditatem incidere ; injicitur mihi alicujus rei cupiditas :to become very desirous, ingens alicujus rei cupido me incendit; maxima alicujus rei cupido or libido me invadit.
DESIST FROM, desistere re, a re, de re, or with infinitive or after negative with quin : absistere aliqua re, or ab aliqua re (not in Cicero, but in Cæsar, Livius, etc.) :to desist from an undertaking, desistere incepto :absistere incepto (Livius) :from a purpose, desistere consilio (Cæsar); from an attempt, desistere conatu (Cæsar) ; from investing a town, from fighting, absistere obsidione, pugna; from the assault (of a town), desistere oppugnatione (Cæsar), ab oppugnatione (Sallustius); from asking, exhorting, etc., desistere rogare, hortari, etc.; from building, abjicere ædiricationem; deponere ædificationem (Cicero) :to desist from war, recedere ab armis :nor, if she is still alive, will I ever desist from looking for her till I find her, neque, si vivit, eam vivam umquam quin inveniam, desistam (Plautus).
DESK, * mensa scriptoria (writing-desk). || Reading-desk (in a church), perhaps pulpitum (Georges ; who gives * suggestus sacer : “suggestum sacrum for “pulpit”).
DESOLATE, adjective, vastus (without human habitations; opposed to coædificatus, Georges; uncultivated, opposed to cultus ; Döderlein) :desertus (deserted by men ; opposed to celeber, Georges ; to habitatus, Döderlein) :incultus (opposed to cultus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vastus ac desertus ; desertus vastusque ; incultus et desertus ; incultus et derelictus.Desolate places, solitudo (without blame) :loca deserta : tesqua (in which an awful silence reigns ; Döderlein, Horatius) :to make desolate, vastare, devastare; alicui loco vastitatem inferre :to make a land desolate, vastas solitudines facere ex terra ; vastitatem reddere in terra; tectis atque agris vastitatem inferre. || Of persons; hopeless, etc., spe destitutus : orbus : orbus auxilii (Plautus ) :afflictus : mœstus, etc. :desolatus (Plinius, Tacitus, and poetical); also with ablative (deserta desolataque reliquis subsidiis aula, Suetonius).
DESOLATE, v. Vid. LAY WASTE. DESOLATENESS,Vid. DESOLATION. DESOLATION, || Act of laying waste, etc., vastatio : populatio :depopulatio (plundering; e. g., agrorum, ædium sacrarum) :eversio :excidium (overthrow of a town, etc.).|| State of being desolate, vastitas. || Desolate place, locus desertus :locus vastus et desertus ; solitudo vasta or avia ; omnis humani cultus solitudo (Curtius 7, 3, 12). || State of being bereaved, afflicted, etc., orbitas (state of being bereaved; also figuratively ; e. g., casum et orbitatem senatus, Cicero) :viduitas (state of being widowed) :solitudo (loneliness) :(The words are found in this connection and order.) viduitas ac solitudo (e. g., qui jamdiu Cæsenniæ viduitate ac solitudine aleretur, Cicero, Cœcilius, 5, 13) :viduitas omnium copiarum atque opum (Plautus, Rud. 3, 3, 2).
DESPAIR, s., desperatio ( = “ægritudo sine ulla rerum exspectatione meliorum,” Cicero) :to reduce anybody to despair, aliquem ad desperationem adducere or redigere (the latter, Suetonius) :to be reduced to despair, ad (summam) desperationem pervenire (Cæsar) ; ad desperationem adduci ; omni spe orbatus sum; nulla spes in me reliqua est :when I was in the depths of despair, quum magna desperatione affectus essem (Cicero) :to be in despair, in desperatione esse (Front., Strut., 3, 17, 7) :to derive courage from despair, a desperatione ira acœndit aliquem (Livius 31, 17); extrema desperatione in iram stimulari (Tacitus) :a state of utter despair, omnium rerum desperatio.From or in despair, ad desperationem adductus.The extremity of despair ; utter or absolute despair, summa, maxima [Cf., not extrema] desperatio ; extrema spes (e. g., in extrema spe, Cæsar, B. G. 2, 27).
DESPAIR, v. desperare : saluti or sibi desperare (of one’s own safety) :omnem spem abjicere :animum despondere :to despair of anything, desperare de aliqua re, or aliquid, or alicui rei ; or with accusative and infinitive ( vid. Herz., Cæsar, B. G. 3, 12).Cf., If to despair is followed by the participle substantive, desperare will be followed by infinitive : to despair of being able, etc., despero me posse, etc. :it is disgraceful to despair of accomplishing anything that is possible, turpiter desperatur, quicquid effici potest (Quintilianus) :to despair of ever seeing anything again, aliquid se visurum postea desperare :to despair of a sick person’s recovery, ægrum deponere ; ægrum or ægroti salutem desperare ; all the physicians despair of his recovery, or of him, omnes medici diffidunt :my recovery is despaired of, desperor :his recovery is despaired of, a medicis desertus est :anything is despaired of, desperatur aliquid :to despair of peace, one’s life, desperare pacem, vitam ; of the state, de republica (Cicero) ; rempublicam (Lentul. ap. Cicero) ; of one’s safety, saluti suæ desperare (Cicero, Cluent., 25, 69); de salute desperare (Cæsar) :we must despair of his safety, salus ejus desperanda est. DESPAIRFUL, desperans :exspes ( desperans denotes the painful feeling ; exspes, the hopeless stafe of despair) :spe carens or orbatus ; spe dejectus (of a person who has ceased to hope) :ad desperationem adductus or (Suetonius) redactus : magna desperatione affectus. DESPAIRING, Vid. DESPAIRFUL. DESPAIRINGLY, desperanter (e. g., cum aliquo loqui, Cicero); or circumlocution by ad desperationem adductus [Cf., desperate, very late; Augustin]. DESPATCH, || Send off, mittere (send; e. g., an ambassador, legatum, literas, etc.) :dimittere (several in different directions ; proper word of sending off letters, scouts, etc.): (1) if the messengers are to go from person to person, or from place to place, per, or circum, or (Livius) circa are used ; (2) if to a person or nation, ad aliquem ; (3) if to a district, in with accusative or ad before the name of a tribe, etc. ;(4) in every direction, in omnes partes or quoquoversus. e. g., dimittere nuncios, literas, etc., circum amicos ; circum provincias exercitusque; per omnes provincias ; ad Centrones ; in finitimas civitates ; in eam partem Italiæ ; in omnes partes ; quoquoversus (Cæsar, B. G., 3, 23, 2) :absolvere (to finish a thing ; or let a person go whom one has long detained; Plautus ) :legare :allegare (to despatch for the execution of a delegated office ; e. g., homines nobiles allegat iis, qui peterent, etc., Cicero, ; allegarem te ad illos, qui, etc.)
:to despatch a letter to anybody, mittere or dare literas ad aliquem (dimittere, if to several in different places). || To finish, execute, etc. [Vid. EXECUTE.]To exhort anybody to despatch a business, hortari aliquem ad aliquid perficiendum :to like to despatch a business quickly, consultis facta conjungere. To despatch a business, expedire negotium : conficere or transigere negotium : profligare negotium (Lentul. ap. Cicero, Livius ; implying labour and exertion) :to despatch anything between themselves, inter se transigere aliquid :the thing may be despatched in a few words, res paucis verbis transigi potest. || Kill; vid. DESPATCH, || Act of sending off, dimissio (e. g., nuntii, of a messenger) :missio (e. g., literarum, legatorum, both Cicero); or by circumlocution. Give me my despatch, me absolvito (Plautus ). || The execution, etc., of business, exsecutio (post-Augustan, negotii, Tacitus, ; instituti operis, Plinius) :effectio (only in Cicero’s philosophical writings) :peractio (Cicero, Cato, Maj., 23, extr.).To prevent the despatch of a business, ne res conficiatur, obsistere :about the despatch of what remains to be done, de reliquis rebus maturandis et agendis (Cicero). || Haste, speed [vid.], celeritas festinatioque : maturatio (Auct., ad Herenn.).There is need of despatch, properato or maturato opus est :the utmost possible despatch, quanta maxima adhiberi potest festinatio. || Despatches, literæ : literæ publice missse (from a public officer).
DESPERADO, homo stolide ferox, or stolidus feroxque : homo promptæ or summæ audaciæ. DESPERATE, desperatus (of persons and things) :exspes :spe carens or orbatus :spe dejectus (hopeless; of persons who have ceased to hope) :discriminis plenus (very critical; of things ; Cf., aleæ plenus is poetical) :* ad desperationem adductus :magna desperatione affectus (of persons) :A desperate state of affairs, res desperatæ or perditæ ; res perditæ et desperatæ :desperatio rerum omnium. Sometomes extremæ res (suæ, etc.); extrema, plural.In their desperate condition, in extremis rebus suis :our state is now almost desperate, res jam ad extremum perducta casum (Cæsar ; so ad extremum casum periculi – deductus, B. Alex., 7) :how often have our affairs seemed almost desperate ? quoties ad extrema periculorum ventum? (Livius 7, 29, init.) || Filled with courage from despair, desperatione ira accensus (after Livius, 31, 17); extrema desperatione ad iram stimulatus (after Tacitus, Hist. 2, 44, extr.). || Desperate = very dangerous (of undertakings, etc.), periculosus; discriminis plenus ; temerarius (Cf., not desperatus).
DESPERATELY, desperanter (without hope).|| With verbs and adjectives, it expresses the intensity of the action or quality, and may be variously translated :improbe ; sceleste ; male ; summe ; suinmopere ; maxime ; valde ; vehementer ; acriter ; pertinaciter. To defend one’s self desperately., * pertinacissime, or acerrime repugnare, resistere :to fall desperately in love, perdite or misere amare :to try desperately, perdite conari (Quintilianus) :omnibus viribus contendere et laborare ; omni ope atque opera eniti (ut, etc.) :to be desperately angry, gravissima ira flagrare. It may often be translated by the superlative :desperately foolish, stolidissimus. DESPERATION, Vid. DESPAIR, s. DESPICABLE, Vid. CONTEMPTIBLE. DESPISE, v., despicere :despicatui habere (to look down upon; not to value, opposed to suspicere, revereri, admirari) :contemnere :contemptui habere (to despise what one might be expected to fear; opposed to metuere, timere; e. g., mortem, pericula; but also auctoritates, consilium, vid..) :spernere (to despise or hold cheap what one might be expected to desire; to reject with scorn; opposed to appetere, concupiscere ; but also of holding a person cheap) :aspernari (to reject with aversion; to utter the feeling implied in spernere) :(The words are found in this connection and order.) contemnere ac despicere ; despicere et contemnere ; contemnere et pro nihilo ducere ; despicere et pro nihilo putare ; spernere et pro nihilo putare ; spernere et repudiare : fastidire (to feel disgust against anything ; to reject it from pride, etc) :negligere (to disregard). (The words are found in this connection and order.) contemnere ac negligere :Cf., temnere is poetical for contemnere ; despicari, late and rare. Nobody despises himself, nemo umquam sui despiciens fuit :the consciousness of having despised the gods, spretorum deorum conscientia :κυρικιμασαηικοto despise glory, gloriam repudiare or spernere ; anybody’s favor, gratiam alicujus repudiare. DESPISER, contemptor : spretor; or by circumlocution. DESPITE, || Malice, hatred, [vid.] :malitia :fraus et malitia : improbitas perversitasque : alicujus odium. || Spite; in spite of; vid. SPITE. DESPITE, v. Vid. To VEX, To OFFEND. DESPITEFUL, malitiosus. DESPITEFULLY, malitiose :malitiosius. DESPITEFULNESS, malitia : odium. DESPOIL, spoliare aliquem or aliquid; and aliquem or aliquid aliqua re. (The words are found in this connection and order.) spoliare atque orbare ; spoliare atque denudare : spoliare aliquem aliqua re et depeculari (of money, argento) :despoliare :exspoliare (strengthen the meaning of spoliare ; which is to deprive a person or thing of what serves for use or ornament) :detrahere spoliareque aliquid : privare aliquem aliqua re : adimere or eripere alicui aliquid :diripere (to plunder men, towns, etc) :expilare : compilare (to strip temples, etc.; rob treasuries, etc. : the latter also aliquid aliqua re) :nudare, denudare, exuere aliquem re :orbare aliquem re :multare aliquem re :SYN. in DEPRIVE.
DESPOILER, spoliator (Cicero, Livius) :expilator (Cicero) :direptor (Cicero) :populator : prædator. DESPOLIATION, spoliatio :direptio :expilatio : orbatio : privatio [SYN. of verbs in DEPRIVE]. (The words are found in this connection and order.) expilatio direptioque. DESPOND, animum abjicere or demittere or submittere ; animo cadere (Cicero) :animo concidere (Livius) and (often in Plautus ) animum despondere (so Livius) and despondere only (Columella ; to allow one’s spirits, courage, etc. : to fail) :spem abjicere, projicere, or deponere (to cast away all hope) [vid. To DESPAIR]. To cause anybody to despond, animum alicujus frangere, infringere (Cicero); percellere aliquem.
DESPONDENCY, animus demissus, jacens or abjectus ; animi defectio or abjectio (depression of spirits, etc) :desperatio (despair) ; to feel despondency., animum demisisse ; animo demisso esse; animo cecidisse; nullam spem habere :to give way to despondency, animo demitti. DESPONDENT, demissus :qui animo demisso, abjecto, or dejecto est : exspes : spe orbatus : spe carens : spe dejectus. DESPONDINGLY, animo demisso or abjecto :timide : sine spe : desperanter. DESPOT, princeps or rex, cujus arbitrium pro legibus est, or cujus libido pro legibus habetur (a sovereign whose will is law; after Justinus, 1,1, 2; 2, 7, 3) :tyrannus or, pure Latin, dominus (a usurper who has obtained absolute power in a free state) :rex importunus (opposed to rex clemens) :
DESPOTIC, imperiosus, against anybody, alicui (imperious ; hence, tyrannical) :superbus (arrogant ; hence, as epithet, “the proud” in Tarquinius Superbus).(The words are found in this connection and order.) imperiosus et superbus : impotens, against anybody, alicui (who cannot restrain his passions, etc. ; hence, who cannot restrain himself in a past of command ; also of things that imply and proceed from such a temper ; imperious, despotic) :importunus (harsh, unbending, etc., in his conduct towards others) ; crudelis or sævus in aliquem (e. g., tyrannus sævissimus et violentissimus in suos, Livius, 34, 32) :A despotic temper, superbia :a despotic government, dominatio impotens or superba, or crudelis superbaque (cf. Cicero, Phil., 3, 14, 34) :tyrannis, or pure Latin, dominatio (sovereignty introduced against the will of a people ; and, therefore, a usurped government, a tyranny, or despotism).
DESPOTICALLY, superbe :crudeliter.To act despotically, crudeliter ac regie agere :to behave or act very despotically, crudelissime se gerere :to govern despotically, crudelem superbamque dominationem exercere (after Cicero, Phil., 3, 14, 34).
DESPOTISM, superbia :impotentia (as temper ; SYN. of adjective, in DESPOTIC) :dominatio impotens or superba; or crudelis superbaque. A despotism, civitas, in qua libido principis pro legibus habetur (after Just :2, 7, 3), or in qua arbitrium regis pro legibus est (after Justinus, 1, 1, 2).
DESPUMATION, despumatio (late; Tertullianus) :by circumlocution. DESPUME, despumare. DESSERT, mensa secunda : bellaria (e. g., sweetmeats, fruits, sweet wines, etc., τραγήματα or τρωγάλια ; cf. Gellius, 13, 11, extr.) :to set on the dessert, mensam secundam apponere. DESTINATION, destinatio (Livius ; perhaps not pre-Augustan ; a purpose, determination, decision) :lex, qua nati sumus ; fatum, quo nati sumus (the purpose we are born to serve, etc.) :finis (the end anything is to serve) :sors :provincia (the sphere of action assigned to anybody).It is our destination to, etc., ea lege (hoc fato or ita) nati sumus, ut, etc. ; ita a natura generati sumus, ut, etc. ; hoc nobis propositum est, ut, etc.Nature hath assigned us a higher destination, natura nos ad majora genuit et conformavit; ad altiora quædam et magnificentiora nati sumus :man is born to a glorious destination, homo præclara quadam conditione generatus est a summo Deo :not to be fitted for its destination, non aptum esse ad exsequendum munus suum :not to accomplish its destination, deesse officio suo et muneri :what the destination of man is, cujus muneris colendi efficiendique causa nati atque in lucem editi simus (Cicero) :|| Place to which anybody or anything is to go, * locus alicui destinatus; locus,
quo tendit : * locus, quo proficisci jussus sum (to which I am ordered to go) :sedes futura (my future residence).
DESTINE, destinare (in nearly all the meanings of the English verb ; e. g., aliquem alicui rei or ad aliquid, sometimes in aliquid [destinare aliquem foro, Quintilianus, ; domos publicis usibus, Velleius ; aliquem ad mortem, Suetonius ; diem necis alicui, Cicero] ; also = to intend, purpose; especially in Livy, with animis [e. g., quæ agere destinaverat, Cæsar ; also in passive, sibi destinatum in animo esse aliquid facere, Livius] ; hora mortis destinata, Cicero) :designare ad aliquid (to mark out for a purpose) :seponere alicui or ad aliquid (to set it aside for a purpose ; e. g., money, pecuniam in ædificationem templi seponere, Livius, ; quod ex istis rebus receptum est, ad illud fanum [sc. ornandum] seponere, Cicero) :præfinire :præstituere (to fix beforehand ; e. g., præstituere diem operi faciundo, Cicero).To be destined ( = doomed) to anything, alicui rei or ad rem natum esse (to be born to it) :fato fieri aliquid (to become or to be doomed to it, by a decree of fate) :we are destined to, ea lege generati sumus, ut, etc. Vid. To DOOM. DESTINED, destinatus (both of the thing to which anything is destined; and of the person or thing destined to a purpose) :constitutus : finitus :præfinitus :præstitutus. [SYN. of verbs in DESTINE].The destined hour of death, hora mortis destinata. DESTINY, vid. FATE.|| THE DESTINIES, ; vid. the FATES.
DESTITUTE, || With the object expressed, destitutus aliqua re (less commonly ab aliqua re; e. g., amicis ; præceptis ; scientia juris ; but spe [Curtius] or a spe [Livius] ; a re familiari) :derelictus aliqua re (e. g., non modo fortuna, verum etiam spe) :nudus :nudatus : privatus ; spoliatus aliqua re :to be destitute of troops, nudum esse ab exercitu (of a country) :to be destitute of everything, omnibus rebus nudatum esse ; omnium rerum esse inopem. || ABSOL., inops, also with auxilii (who has no power to help himself) :auxilio orbatus or destitutus : omnium rerum inops :omnibus rebus orbatus (utterly destitute) :omnibus fortunis spoliatus (Cicero) :egenus omnium (Livius; rare, not pre-Augustan) :egens :egentissimus :mendicus (miserably poor) :to be destitute ( = miserably poor), in summa egestate or mendicitate esse ; in summa mendicitate vivere ; vitam in mendicitate degere :anybody is utterly destitute, nihil aliquo egentius :a destitute condition, inopia. DESTITUTION, inopia (want of resources) :egestas : mendicitas (extreme poverty; beggary) :solitudo (the stale of being left alone ; also solitudo alicujus rei).(The words are found in this connection and order.) solitudo atque inopia; viduitas ac solitudo.To be reduced to destitution, * ad mendicitatem redigi; ad pudendam paupertatem delabi :to reduce a man to destitution, aliquem omnibus bonis* evertere ; ad rerum omnium inopiam redigere : Cf., destitutio (rare; Cicero) is the “leaving in the lurch,” ” desertion.” DESTROY, perdere (to destroy, to ruin) :destruere (to destroy an artificial structure; also alicujus fortunam : tyrannidem) :demoliri (to destroy a firm, solid structure, tectum; partem muri).(The words are found in this connection and order.) destruere et demoliri : disjicere (to destroy by violent separation of its parts; e. g., arcem, mœnia, munitiones) :dissipare (nearly = disjicere, especially in Cicero, who does not use disjicere. statuam, Cicero, ; turres, Vitruvius ; rem familiarem, Cicero; reliquias reipublieæ, Cicero) :disturbare (to separate violently, and so disarrange the parts, etc., ; e. g., tecta, opera, porticum).(The words are found in this connection and order.) disturbare et dissipare (Cicero) :diruere (e.g. tecta, muros, urbem, monumentum) :evertere (to overthrow; throw down ; properly, urbem, statuam; improperly, rempublicam, virtutem, amicitiam) :excidere (to destroy by cutting or hewing ; not necessarily implying total destruction, urbem, vicos, agrum, exercitum) :(The words are found in this connection and order.) excidere et evertere : exscindere (to destroy utterly; especially of cities, urbes, Numantiam, Cicero, Mil.,33, 90 ; 6 Rep., 11; Planc., 41, 97; 4, Phil., 5, 13. Scheller and even Freund maintain, erroneously, that it is poetical and post- classical ; vid. Krebs) :vastare locum : vastitatem inferre loco (to lay waste, urbem, urbi) :pervertere (to quite overthrow, spem, consilia; domum, tecta, arbusta, defensionem; also aliquem ; all Cicero) :concidere (to cut to pieces; e. g., hostes, also to destroy utterly, naves, Livius ; auctoritatem Senatus; aliquem) :tollere (remove out of the way) :rescindere :interscindere :dissolvere :interrumpere (all, e. g., a bridge, pontem) :delere (destroy utterly ; blot out, urbem, omnia, hæc, sepulcrum, ædificium, religionem) :exstinguere (to put out a light; figuratively to deprive of its power and existence ; e. g., potentiam, spem, vitæ societatem, alicujus salutem). (The words are found in this connection and order.) exstinguere et (funditus) delere :perimere et delere : conficere (to put an end to anything) : subvertere (subvert, imperium ; leges et libertatem) : consumere (e. g., ædes incendio : exercitum fame ; opes, fortunas, etc. ; by anything, aliqua re e. g., ferro, flamma).To destroy utterly, funditus destruere; a or e fundamentis disjicere; funditus (properly) evertere (properly); ab stirpe exstinguere ; stirpitus or radicitus extrahere; tollere atque extrahere radicitus (to root up, improperly ; e. g., desires) ; exstinguere et funditus delere ; perimere et delere omnino (annihilate) :perimere :interficere (to destroy life = kill) :to destroy ( = kill) a whole body, ad internecionem delere, redigere, adducere, cædere ; occidione cædere or occidere (especially with the sword; enemies) :the intention of destroying, etc., consilium evertere, tollere, etc. (so Nepos, consilium Lysander iniit reges tollere) :fire destroys everything, ignis cuncta disturbat et dissipat :there is nothing that time does not destroy, nihil est, quod non conficiat vetustas :to destroy all anybody’s plans, alicui conturbare omnes rationes or omnia consilia pervertere :to destroy plans, consilia disjicere, frangere and (Velleius) corrumpere :to destroy hope, spem exstinguere (Cicero); spes corrumpere :it is a sad thing to see all one’s last hope destroyed, miserum est nee habere ne spei quidem extremum.The Nervii, when they saw this hope destroyed, Nervii hac spe lapsi or dejecti, de hac spe depulsi, ab hac spe repulsi, etc. To be utterly destroyed, interire : funditus or ab stirpe interire : concidere (e. g., auctoritas senatus ; fides publica, public credit, etc.) :exscindi (of towns) :deleri, etc. : consumi totumque deleri : ad internecionem venire ; ad internecionem perire (to be utterly cut off; perire by a pestilence, etc. ) :the soul and all sensation is destroyed by death, animi hominum sensusque morte restinguuntur (Cicero). || To destroy one’s self, mortem or necem sibi consciscere ; manus sibi inferre. Cf., Interficere se is not wrong ; Sulpic. ap. Cicero, Ep., se ipsum interfecisse ; and Cicero, 3, Orat., 3, 10, Crassum suapte manu interfectum; Livius, 31, 18, 7, seque ipsi interficiunt. Vid. to commit SUICIDE. DESTROYER, eversor alicujus rei (overthrower ; e. g., urbis, imperii) :exstinctor alicujus rei (e. g., conjurationis) :perditor (one who ruins anything; e. g., reipublicæ) :corruptor :corruptela (in a moral sense) :pestis, pernicies (the bane of anything ; its ruin) :confector :consumtor (consumtor rare; Cicero ; e. g., ignis omnium confector et consumtor, also confectorferarum, Suetonius) :subversor (e. g., legum ; opposed to auctor, Tacitus) :vastator :populator (who lays a country waste). (The words are found in this connection and order.) populator eversorque :interfector, and (only once; Plautus ) occisor alicujus, percussor calicujus (the person who slays another; Cf., peremtor, interemtor, late) :Cf., destructor very late. To be the destroyer of anybody, exitio esse alicui (his ruin).
DESTRUCTIBILITY, fragilitas (Cicero) :corruptibilitas (very late; substantiæ humanæ, Tertullianus) :by circumlocution. DESTRUCTIBLE, destructibilis, corruptibilis (Eccl. Lactantius) :destructilis (Prud.) :fragilis : but mostly by circumlocution. DESTRUCTION, eversio (the overthrowing, rei publicæ, urbis, etc., rei familiaris, etc.) :exstinctio (the extinguishing ; and figuratively the destroying the existence of anything that had life and energy) :excisio (Auct. Or. pro dom. Harusp. Respons.) :excidium (Livius; not Cæsar, or Cicero: urbis, gentis, etc.) :disturbatio (e. g., Corinthi, Cicero ; once only) :dissipatio, interitus and (rare, but classical) interitio. (The words are found in this connection and order.) interitus et dissipatio : consumtio (act of consuming, etc., Cicero, rare) :conjectio (e. g., valetudinis; escarum) :ruina (the falling down; e. g., communis ruina ; also in plural, ruinæ fortunarum tuarum) :exitium (ruin) :dissolutio (the breaking up a compacted whole; e. g., naturæ, stomachi, legum) :interemtio (slaying, death ; Cicero, rare) :destructio (post-classical, murorum, Suetonius) :vastatio : populatio :depopulate (the laying waste, plundering, etc.) :Before the destruction of Troy, Troja incolumi :to be the destruction of anything, perniciei esse ; exitio esse alicui :to cause the destruction of anybody, aliquem perdere or pessum dare ; aliquem ad interitum vocare :to rush to destruction, ad interitum ruere; in perniciem incurrere :to seek the destruction of anybody, interitum alicujus quærere ; perniciem alicui moliri :to save anybody from destruction, aliquem ab interitu vindicare or retrahere ; aliquem ab exitio ad salutem revocare; aliquem a morte eripere (from death) :to save the state from destruction, rempublicam ab occasu restituere ; to cause destruction ( = a severe
blow or loss), cladem afferre or inferre : strages facere (Cicero); edere (Livius ; to cut down foes).A wide-spread destruction overtakes the state, magna clades atque calamitas opprimit rempublicam. || Destruction = destroyer (abstract, pro concreto), pernicies :pestis :corruptela : corruptor : exitium:To be the destruction of anybody, perniciei esse; exitio esse alicui. [Vid. DESTROYER]. || If destruction = DEATH, vid. DESTRUCTIVE, perniciosus :exitiosus :exitialis : exitiabilis :funestus : damnosus ; to anybody, alicui [SYN. in HURTFUL] : Cf., destructivus, very late; Cœlius, Aur., Tardit. DESTRUCTIVELY, perniciose :pestifere :funeste. DESTRUCTIVENESS, vis nocendi (Tacitus, Ann., 15, 34 ; Justinus, 6, 8, 2) :Cf., perniciositas not Latin : natura rei perniciosa, exitiosa, pestifera. Often by circumlocution with nocere. Who does not vid. the destructiveness of this? quis non videt hanc rem nocere ? or * quis est quin videat, quam perniciosa sit res (e. g., vinolentia) ?
DESUETUDE, desuetudo (Livius ; alicujus rei ; absolutely, Ovidius, Julian., Dig.).To fall into desuetude., obsolescere :exolescere (Cf., in desuetudinem venire, only in Dig.).What has been lost by desuetude, obsoletus, exoletus, with or without vetustate : oblivione obsoletus (Cicero).
DESULTORILY, leviter :negligenter :parum diligenter (carelessly) :quasi præteriens (Cicero, just in passing, as it were) :to study desultorily, studia leviter attingere (Suetonius) :primoribus, ut dicitur, labris gustare literas (after Cicero) :to read desultorily, libros cursim transire (Gellius) :* volatico more, modo huc, modo illuc (cf. Cicero, Att., 13, 25, 3).
DESULTORINESS, mos volaticus. modo huc. modo illuc (cf. Cicero, Att., 13, 25, 3).Sometimes levitas :mobilitas :inconstantia. DESULTORY, levis : mobilis :inconstans :volaticus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) volaticus ac levis.A person of a desultory mind, homo volaticus ac sui similis, modo huc, modo illuc (cf. Cicero, Att., 13, 25, 3) :a desultory perusal, * vaga, instabilis, temeraria, improvida ac cæca, volatica lectio (Krebs). Cf., If desultorius be used, it must on no account stand without a quasi.It means after the manner of a desultor in the circus [vid. LEX].In a desultory manner [vid. DESULTORILY].A desultory conversation, sermo varius ; * sermo multa leviter attingens. DETACH, || Separate, disengage, solvere : dissolvere (to destroy the connection between things, and so set them free) :separare (to separate) :segregare (properly, to separate from a herd; then generally to remove from a body) :sejungere :secernere (especially to separate the pure or good from the impure or bad) :abscindere (to cut off with violence; to rend, etc.) :semovere (to move anybody or anything away from) :disjungere (to disjoin persons or things that are united).To detach one’s self from anybody, se sejungere ab aliquo :to detach one’s self from society, * ab hominum consuetudine se removere ; hominum consuetudini se excerpere (Seneca, Ep., 5, 2) :to detach one’s thoughts from external objects, a consuetudine oculorum mentis aciem abducere :to detach a person from another, disjungere aliquem ab alicujus amicitia ; divellere aliquem ab aliquo (by violent means) :to connect what had been detached, dissipata connectere; rem dissolutam divulsamque conglutinare :to detach myself from the side I have hitherto supported, dissociare causam meam (Tacitus).|| To detach troops, una mittere. DETACHMENT, delecta manus :delecti milites :to send a detachment of 300 men, CCC. sub vexillo una mittere. DETAIL, s., singula, singulæ res. The details of an occurrence, res ordine narrata :to enter into detail, de singulis agere ; de singulis rebus scribere : res explicare (opposed to summas tantummodo attingere, Nepos, Pel., 1, 1); rem fusius exponere (Quintilianus) : singillatim loqui de aliqua re (opposed to generatim atque universe loqui, Cicero) :in one word, not to enter into unnecessary detail, ad summam, ne agam de singulis (Cicero, Off., 1, 41, 149) :it is unnecessary to enter into detail, nihil est, quod de singulis rebus scribam (Cicero) :it is safer to enter into all the details, certius est ire per singula (to go through all the particulars, one by one Quintilianus, 6, 1, 12).In detail, membratim (e. g., enumerare) :singillatim :He maintained that, if they dispersed, they would all be cut off in detail, dispersos testabatur perituros (Nepos, Them., 4, 3).Vid. To DETAIL. DETAIL, v., res explicare (opposed to tantummodo summas attingere, Nepos, Pel., 1, 1) :singula consectari et colligere (in a speech; Plinius, Paneg., 75, 1). [Vid. “to enter into DETAIL”].A detailed account, res ordine narrata :to be copious and distinct in detailing events, in narratione plenum esse et expressum (Quintilianus ; of an orator).
DETAIN, tenere (to keep at a place) :detinere (to hold anything or anybody back, so that it or he cannot reach its destination ; e. g., naves tempestatibus detinentur) :retinere (to keep back ; to prevent a person or thing from proceeding further ; e. g., one who wishes to set out on a journey, a visitor, etc.; being detained by a storm, by disturbances in the city, tempestate, urbano motu retentus, Cæsar ; also to keep what belongs to another, retinere alienum) :deprehendere (to seize and keep ; e. g., to detain letters, ships, etc.) :tardare, retardare (to retard the progress of a person or thing; properly, and figuratively) : to detain a person, profecturum detinere ; alicujus profectionem tardare (to prevent a person’s setting out at the time he wishes) :retardare aliquem in via ; retardare alicujus iter (to detain him after he has set out) : unless he has been detained, nisi quid impedimenti in via passus est.I am detained by adverse winds, ventis detineor (in loco) ; venti me tardant; tempestate retineor :to detain anybody any where, aliquem aliquo loco retinere or detinere, or continere, or cohibere :to be detained by business, multis occupationibus detineri.|| To keep in custody, aliquem custodia asservare ; aliquem in custodiam dare, or includere, or condere ; comprehendere :to be detained (in custody), in custodia haberi or servari, custodia teneri or retineri. DETAINER, retinens (alicujus rei).morator alicujus rei (who prevents its progress) : or by circumlocution with qui detinet, etc. DETECT, deprehendere (to catch or find a man out in a bad action ; e. g., in facinore manifesto, in the very act, in adulterio, etc., also deprehendere falsas gemmas) :comprehendere (also to find out anybody in a bad action, or to discover the bad action itself ; comprehendere fures, Catullus ; adulterium, Cicero) :reperire (to find) :invenlre (e. g., maleficium) :comperire (to discover the whole of anything) :patefacere (to detect and make its existence manifest ; e. g., conjurationem, Cicero) :to detect faults in anybody, vitia in aliquo videre :to detect and refute what is false, falsa deprehendere et repellere (Quintilianus) :to detect barbarisms, deprehendere, quæ barbara sunt (Quintilianus) :to detect and expose the impudent falsehood of the whole evidence, totius testimonii fictam audaciam manifesto comprehensam atque oppressam tenere (Cicero) :to have detected anything by his scouts, per exploratores cognovisse aliquid. Cf., Detegere = to uncover, to declare, to reveal, betray, etc.; it must not be used for to detect = ” to find out,” etc.; but when ” to be detected” = to reveal itself, detegi or se detegere may be used ; e. g., [id quod inseritur] ipsa coloris inæqualitate detegitur, Quintilianus, 12, 9, 17 ; the word is rare in the Augustan Age; once in Cicero, not in Cæsar. If the conspiracy was detected by me, si conjuratio per me patefacta est :detected wickedness, scelus manifestum atque deprehensum (Cicero), or manifesto compertum atque deprehensum (Cicero) :detected, compertus (of persons, with genitive, of crime, stupri, sacrilegii, etc., Livius, ; also of things) :patefactus (laid open) :deprehensus :detected in the commission of adultery with anybody, uxor in alicujus stupro comperta (Suetonius).
DETECTION, deprehensio (seldom, but classical; e. g., manifesta veneni deprehensioue, Cicero, Cluent., 18; Ulpianus, Dig.) :comprehensio (the seizing of criminals; e.g. sontium, Cicero) :The detection of the conspiracy is due to me, conjuratio per me patefacta est (Cicero) :after the detection of his crime, * patefacto scelere ; * comperto scelere atque deprehenso. DETENTION, retentio (Cicero, uses it of a driver’s pulling up his horses ; in Dig. the unjust detention; e. g., dotis) :retardatio (the act of delaying, etc.) :Unless he has met with some detention on hisjourney, nisi quid impedimenti in via passus est. || Act of detaining as a prisoner or person under arrest, inclusio (incarceration; Cicero) :comprehensio (act of seizing; e. g., sontium); but mostly by circumlocution. DETER, deterrere :absterrere aliquem a or de re ; or with ne, quin, quominus : repellere aliquem are (to repel anybody ; e. g., a conatu, from an attempt) :avertere a re (to turn anybody away from; e. g., ab incepto).Not to allow one’s self to be deterred by dangers, periculo non moveri a re ; not to allow one’s self to be deterred by anything, invictum esse adversus ea, quæ ceteros terrent (Curtius).Anybody is deterred by threats of anything, alicujus rei terrores et minæ avertunt aliquem are (Livius); by shame, pudor aliquem a re avertit (Livius).
DETERGE, detergere. DETERGENTS, * detergentia or * detersoria remedia (as medical technical term Kraus’s Med. Wörterbuch).
DETERIORATE, INTR., deteriorem fieri :in pejorem partem verti et mutari : in pejus mutari. Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.comTo have deteriorated, deteriore statu or conditione
esse ; pejore loco esse. || TRANS., deterius facere or in detenus mutare aliquid (opposed to corrigere) :in pejus mutare or vertere et mutare (opposed to in melius mutare) :corrumpere : depravare (either physically or morally ; opposed to corrigere) :Cf., Deteriorare, very late; Claud. Mamert., Frontin., Symm.