Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
DECLARE, || To make known, declarare (to make the existence of anything perceived, whether a sensible object or a feeling ; also with accusative and infinitive or dependent interrogatory clause) :exponere, or expromere ; e. g., one’s opinion, quid sentiam : sententiam suam aperire, dicere ; clearly about anything, accuratius exponere de re; fully, pluribus verbis disserere de re.|| To proclaim, prodere (of the response of an oracle) :indicere (e. g., bellum) :
Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
denunciare (in a threatening manner ; e. g., bellum) [Cf., declarare bellum is barbarous] : pronunciare (by word of mouth. Curio pronunciare – jubet – se in hostium habiturum loco, qui, etc., Cæsar, B. C., 2, 25) :to declare anybody anything, declarare, appellate, with a double accusative following (e. g., aliquem regem) :to declare or pronounce anybody anything, judicare (e. g., aliquem hostem, proditorem patriæ) ; anybody consul, aliquem dicere, or declarare, or renunciare consulem ; emperor, aliquem imperatorem salutare (post-Augustan) ; anybody king, aliquem regem appellare (Cæsar); declarare (Livius); anybody one’s heir, beredem aliquem scribere or instituere ; an outlaw, proscribere aliquem :to declare himself a candidate, ostendere se candidatum (Suetonius) :to declare null and void, infirmare ; irritum facere ; abolere (especially a law) :to declare one’s self conquered, victum se profiteri ; manus dare :to declare one’s opinion in favor of anything, aliquid accipere, probare : against anything, rem recusare, or detrectare; rem improbare :to declare on oath, * juratum aliquid affirmare :to declare in writing, literis or per literas significare :the victory declares itself by the omens, victoria se ostendit ominibus.
DECLARE, INATRANS., || Assert, affirm, affirmare : confirmare :contendere : dicere :asseverare :profiteri [SYN. in ASSERT, AFFIRM].To declare for anybody, alicujus partes sequi; in alicujus partes transire (to join anybody’s party) :to declare against anybody, inimicum se alicui ostendere :to declare off, renunciare aliquid (e. g., conductionem, etc., also aliquid alicui ; e. g., societatem alicui, Livius, 38, 31) :victory declares for, etc., victoria penes aliquem est (e. g., penes patres, Livius) :victoria ad aliquem venit (e. g., ad meliores, Cicero) :victoria alicujus est; or aliquis victoriam obtinet ; victoria potitur. DECLENSION, || Declining state, ruina (properly of a building; figuratively of a state, reipublicæ) :declension of manners, mores corrupti :declension of bodily strength, defectio virium ; vires corporis affectæ :declension of one’s mental powers, deminutio mentis. || Inflexion of words, declinatio; flexus ; flexura. DECLINE, s., deminutio :imminutio :extenuatio : remissio : mitigatio. [Vid. LESSENING.] To be on the decline [vid. To DECLINE]. The decline of life, ingravescens ætas (Cicero).In the decline of life, provectiore ætate (in advanced years) ; vergente jam senecta (Tacitus) ; vergens annis (Tacitus) :to be in the decline of life, longius ætate provectum esse. || Consumption, tabes. phthisis ( φθίσις , Celsus, 3, 22) :anybody is in a decline, corpus alicujus ad tabem venit ; tabes aliquem invadit :to be in a decline, * tabe laborare. DECLINE, || To lean downward, inclinare proclivem or declivem esse : labi; delabi (to sink gradually) ; inclinari, se inclinare (of the day, fortune, etc.).|| To grow weaker, or to decrease, deminui (to be lessened; of bodily strength, etc. Cf., not diminui) :minui, imminui (of prices, influence, etc.) :remittere (of what is diminished in intensity) :defervescere (of heat, desires, passions) :senescere (to be weakened by age or time ; of strength ; also of memory, hope, zeal, etc.) :deficere (of strength, etc.) :my strength declines, viribus senesco, or deficior ; vires extenuantur, deficiunt :the price of corn declines, annona laxat, levatur :the price of anything declines, * pretium mercis imminuitur; * res fit vilior :public credit declines, fides (tota aliqua terra [e. g., Italia, Cæsar] est angustior :anybody’s health is declining, aliquis valetudinem amittit : alicujus valetudo decrescit (Plautus, Cure., 2, 1, 4) ; aliquis tenui, infirma, minus commoda est valetudine :eloquence has declined from its Attic purity of diction, eloquentia omnem illam salubritatem Atticæ dictionis quasi sanitatem perdidit (Cicero) :the day declines, dies se inclinat or inclinatur, but probably better, * in vespertinum tempus inclinatur (after inclinato in post-meridianum tempus die, Cicero); dies vergit (Suetonius,Otho, 7; Plinius) :anybody’s influence, popularity, etc., declines, alicujus auctoritas, existimatio, etc., imminuta est :the power of the Athenians declines, opes Atheniensium senescunt. || To refuse, declinare aliquid (by getting out of its way frequent in Cicero) :renuere aliquid (by a shake of the head) :to decline complying with anybody’s entreaties, petenti alicui aliquid denegare; preces alicujus repudiare :to decline faintly, subnegare aliquid; courteously, belle negare ; flatly, præcise negare ; sine ulla exceptione or plane præcidere. || Deviate from; [vid. DEVIATE]. || To decline a word, verbum immutare casibus ; verbum declinare (used in the old Grammarians of every kind of grammatical inflection).
DECLIVITY, declivitas ; acclivitas ; proclivitas (sloping positions) :locus declivis, acclivis, proclivis : ascensus (with reference to a person ascending it) :a gentle declivity, collis leniter editus or clementer assurgens. DECLIVOUS, declivis; acclivis ; proclivis. DECOCT, defervefacere : decoquere. DECOCTION, decoctio (Cælius, Aur., Tard., 2, 13) :decoctum (that which is decocted = medicinal drink, Plinius) :potio medicata. DECOLLATE, caput alicujus præcidere (with the sword ; it would be wrong to say caput cervicibus abscidere, Cicero, Phil., 11, 2, 5. unless the person be previously strangled; cervicibus fractis caput abscidit) :securi ferire or percutere (with the axe of the executioner) :decollare (post-Augustan, and to be rejected in the more elevated style).
DECOLLATION, circumlocution with phrases under DECOLLATE ; or caput recisum (Ovidius); or tota cervice desecta divisum a corpore caput (Livius, 31, 34). Cf., Decollatio, Vet. Gloss. DECOMPOSE, || To resolve into component parts, solvere; dissolvere; resolvere : diluere (dissolve it).Vid. DISSOLVE. DECOMPOSITE, solutus ; dissolutus. DECOMPOSITION, solutio ; dissolutio. DECOMPOUND, Vid. DECOMPOSE. DECORATE, ornare ; exornare : decori or ornamento esse : decus afferre (all three applicable to persons or things, alicui or alicui rei) :to decorate with anything, ornare or exornare aliquid re : vestire (clothe or cover ; e. g., walls) :to decorate the walls of a room with pictures, tabulis cubiculi parietes vestire ; cubiculum tabellis picturarum adornare ; with garlands, sertis redimire et rosa ; sertis velare (quite cover it; e. g., a house). Vid. ORNAMENT, v. DECORATION, ornatio ; exornatio (as acts) :as the ornaments themselves, cultus (taken collectively) :ornatus ; ornamentum (taken separately ; e. g., of theatrical decoration) :apparatus (the whole supply of objects with which to decorate anything) :to change the decorations (of a theatre), mutare speciem ornationis (Vitrvius, 5, 6, 8).
DECORATOR, qui ornat, etc. DECOROUS, || Suitable, aptus ; accommodatus alicui rei or ad aliquid : conveniens, consentaneus :to be decorous or suitable, aptum consentaneumque esse; convenire. || Becoming, quod decet aliquem (in general; Cf., never decens, except in poetry and in the Silver Age) :decorus (only of words and actions).
DECOROUSLY, decore :recte :honeste :ut decet :apte :convenienter :accommodate (suitably).
DECORTICATE, to decorticate a tree, corticem arbori in orbem detrahere ; decorticare arborem :delibrare arborem (the inner bark) :summum corticem desquamare (the outer bark; by mistake).
DECORTICATION, decorticatio (no dictionary produces authority for delibratio).
DECORUM, decorum ( τὸ πρέπον ; for which Quintilian, uses decor) :to observe decorum, decorum sequi, or servare, or custodire :to observe decorum in anything, in aliqua re, quid deceat, considerare, or videre :to have a sense of decorum, quid deceat, sentire :anything is against decorum, turpe est aliquid :it was not, then, inconsistent with decorum, decorum erat tum (with infinitive, Livius).With decorum, decore :non indecore.
DECOY, allicere ; allectare ; invitare et allectare, or allectare et invitare, all aliquem ad aliquid. illicere or pellicere aliquem in or ad aliquid : inescare (with a bait) :to decoy in many ways, multa habere invitamenta.Vid. ALLURE. DECOY, || As an act, allectatio. || As a thing, invitamentum : incitamentum : illecebræ :a decoy bird, allector : illex (Plautus, Asin., 1, 3, 68). || The place where wild ducks are decoyed, * locus anatibus capiendis factus, idoneus. DECREASE, TRANS., minuere (to make less in number, magnitude, weight, and importance ; opposed to augere, e. g., vectigalia ; alicujus gloriam ; molestias ; potentiam et auctoritatem senatus) :imminuere (also opposed to augere, e. g., the number of the Senate, numerum patrum; troops, copias ; anybody’s renown, alicujus laudem) :deminuere aliquid or de aliqua re (to make less by taking away from anything, e. g., vectigalia ; vires ; aliquid de potestate) :extenuare (to decrease by abating ; e. g., sumptus ; molestias ; spem) :levare; sublevare (to decrease by making lighter ; e.g. pretium, annonam; inopiam; pericula) :elevare (to decrease, both in a good sense and in a bad ; e. g., ægritudinem ; sollicitudinem ; auctoritatem; fidem
alicujus rei) :lenire (to decrease by lessening the sensation of anything ; e. g., dolores; febrem quiete ; morbum temperantia) :deminuere aliquid de aliqua re (by deducting ; e. g., a Grecian mina by deducting five drachmæ, de mina una quinque numos j; Cf., diminuere and comminuere cannot be used in this sense) :detrahere aliquid de aliqua re (e. g., de tota pecunia quinquagesimam partem).” DECREASE, INATRANS., decrescere (to grow less, shorter, etc.; opposed to crescere ; e. g., dies, pondus, admiratio ; flumina, etc.) :minui ; se minuere ; also minuere only (to become less) :imminui (to decrease inwardly) :remitti; se remittere; also remittere only (to decrease or abate ; e. g., of rain, cold, fever, etc.) :levari; sublevari (to become lighter) :leniri; mitigari (to become milder) :defervescere (to become less hot ; e. g., æstus, ira, etc. defervescit).Vid. LESSEN, INATRANS. DECREASE, s., deminutio ; imminutio : extenuatio :remissio : mitigatio : levatio [SYN. in LESSEN]. (Cf., Vitruvius, 9, 14, has quotidiana decrescentia lunæ ; for which he uses deminutio a little before) :defectio (e. g., virium) . Compare the substantive with the verbs from which they are derived, under To DECREASE. DECREE, v. edicere (to issue a decree ; of magistrates and persons in authority) :sciscere (to decree by vote, especially of the people in a free state). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sciscere jubereque (the former rather of the plebs ; the latter of the whole assembled people) :sancire (to decree or ratify by a decree, of law givers, the people, etc.) :decernere (to decide after weighing the reasons, etc.) :censere :placet alicui (to be of opinion ; to pronounce that the thing should be so ; of the Senate) :cavere (to decree that for the future something should [if followed by ut], or should not [if followed by ne], be observed, or take place) :constituere (general term for to determine or fix) :præscribere (to decree or lay down beforehand, as a direction and rule of conduct) :to decree on penalty of death, capite sancire. There is a law which decrees that, etc., lege cautum est, ut, etc. ; that not, ne ; in aliqua lege cavetur or cautum est, ut (ne), etc. There was also a public edict which decreed that, etc., decretum etiam publicum exstabat, quo cavebatur, ut :it is not decreed (by law) that – not, etc, nulla lex sancit, quo minus. || To fix or appoint by a decree, etc., decernere ; anything to anybody, aliquid alicui :constituere (to fix).To decree a triumph, etc., to anybody, decernere alicui triumphum, honores, pecuniam :to decree a punishment, constituere alicui pœnam :to decree a fine, dicere alicui multam. DECREE, s., decretum (the decree of a magistrate or superior court, of the Senate, consul, prætor, etc.) :edictum (the regularly-published decree of a sovereign power or superior magistrate) :consultum (the conclusion come to by a deliberative body ; hence, also, the decree in which such resolution is embodied). (The words are found in this connection and order.) consultum et decretum : lex (law) :præscriptum (laid down beforehand as a direction and rule).A decree of the Senate, senatus auctoritas (so far as a decision of theirs has weight from the authority of their body and position in the state ; hence, of a decree either not yet sanctioned by the tribunes, or formally opposed by the interposition of their veto) ; senatus or patrum consultum (with reference to the deliberation that has preceded its adoption, and so far as it is formally sanctioned by the tribunes, and has the force of a law) :senatus or patrum decretum (a resolution of the Senate either empowering magistrates to do any important act, or confirming the acts of the assembly of the people and giving them the force of laws).A decree of the people, populiscitum (adopted by the assembly of the people legally convened) :plebiscitum (so far as proposed to the plebs [as opposed to the Senate] by a presiding magistrate, and adopted by a majority of votes) :populi jussum (as far as the people had the right to require the Senate to confirm a decree of theirs, after which it had full legal validity). (The words are found in this connection and order.) populi scitum jussumque :by a decree of the sovereign, jussu regis or principis :legal decrees, præscripta legum ; quæ legibus sancta sunt :to issice a decree, edictum proponere. DECREMENT, Vid. DECREASE. DECREPIT, decrepitus; ætate decrepita (Cicero) :confectus senectute (enfeebled by age) :enervatus : annis defectus (Phædrus).
DECREPITUDE, defectio virium; decrepita ætas (Cicero).
DECRESCENT, decrescens (decreasing) :senescens (growing old : luna tum senescens, tum crescens).
DECRETAL, adjective, Vid. DECRETORY. DECRETAL, s., * codex or corpus juris Romani or Pontificii. DECRETORY, decretorius (post-Augustan). [Vid. JUDICIAL.] A decretory, * decretum Papæ. DECRIAL, vituperatio :reprehensio [SYN. in BLAME] ; calumnia (e. g., ingenii calumnia, Cicero).
DECRY, vituperare (to blame, rail at ; e. g., rhetoric, rhetoricam, Cicero) :infamare (to bring into evil report, aliquid or aliquem ) :diffamare (seldom and post-Augustan, ; to spread evil reports of a person, so as to make him notorious) :alicujus famam dehonestare (by spreading bad reports of him) :rem suspectam infamemque criminando facere (Livius 8, 23) :criminari :invidiose criminari (Cicero ; e. g., alicujus potentiam, auctoritatem, res gestas, etc.) :alicujus laudi obstrepere (post-Augustan, Seneca) ; de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere (to slander him ; try to lessen his reputation) :calumniari aliquem or aliquid (to censure maliciously).To decry the art of rhetoric, vituperare rhetoricam (Cicero) ; criminari rhetoricen vitiis (Quintilianus.) :to decry anybody’s achievements, criminari alicujus res gestas argumentando (Cicero).
DECUMBENCE, DECUMBENCY, cubitus, us (very rare; e. g., proni; supini; in latera, Plinius).
DECUMBENT, * decumbens (as botechnical technical term).
DECUPLE,Vid. TEN-FOLD. DECURION, decurio, onis, m. DECURSION, decursus (e. g., aquæ, amnium) ; lapsus; delapsus aquæ (the decursion of water on a field; Varr. R. R., 1, 6, 6).
DECURTATION,The nearest substantives are amputatio (act of cutting off ; e. g., sarmentorum, Cicero) ; contractio (act of contracting, shortening; e. g., paginæ, orationis, Cicero).
DECUSSATE, decussare (Cicero) :in speciem Græcæ literæ X decussare (Columella).Decussated lines, lineæ in decusses obliquæ (Plinius). DEDECORATE, dedecorare ; dedecore afficere. DEDECORATION, ignominia (whether inflicted on others or brought upon one’s self) :labes aliqua decoris. DEDECOROUS, inhonestus :turpis : infamis : dedecorus (pre-classical and Silver age; Tacitus).
DEDICATE, || Consecrate, dicare ; dedicare (whether to a god or a man) :sacrare ; consecrare (to a god ; vid. SYN. in CONSECRATE) :inaugurare (to dedicate after consulting the augurs) :to dedicate an altar to Jupiter, Jovi aram dicare (also aram dedicare, consecrare) ; a temple to a god, deo templum sacrare or consecrare ; deo delubrum dedicare. || Inscribe a book with anybody’s name; a book to anybody, alicui librum dicare or dedicare (used after Augustan age; Quintilianus, Phædrus, Plinius) : librum ad aliquem mittere (to send a book to anybody, which Cicero, uses as the customary phrase in his time for dicare and dedicare ; vid. Cat., Maj., 1, 3. N. D., 1, 7, 16 :so librum mittere alicui ; e. g., libros, quos Septimio misi, Var.) ; librum alicui despondere (to intend to dedicate it to; Cicero, Att., 13, 12, 3).” Dedicated to M. Brutus” [on the title-page of a book], ad M. Brutum (without any participle). || Give up to; devote to; dicare (e. g., hunc totum diem tibi, Cicero ; tuum studium meæ laudi, Cicero) :to dedicate one’s self to anything, alicui rei se tradere, or se dedere ; alicui rei operam dare :to dedicate one’s self to the service of the state, patriæ se dedere, or se devovere rei publicæ se tradere :to dedicate one’s self wholly to the service of the gods, totum se vertere in cultum deorum :to dedicate one’s time to anything, tempus consumere in aliqua re :one’s talents to anything, ingenium conferre ad aliquid. Vid. DEVOTE. DEDICATE, DEDICATED, dicatus : dedicatus :sacratus ; consecratus ; sacer (holy, as belonging to the gods). || Devoted to, deditus alicui rei. DEDICATION, dedicatio (dedication of a thing) :consecratio (dedication of a person ; e. g., of a priest ; vid. INSCRIPPT., Grut. 303, 2.On the distinction between dedicatio and consecratio, vid. CONSECRATE) :Cf., inauguratio is without classical authority : dicatio (Cicero, ; not in this sense). || Dedication of a book, * dedicatio. DEDICATOR, qui dicat ; qui consecrat, etc. DEDITION, traditio : deditio (the act of yielding up).
DEDUCE, ducere, or deducere a or ex, etc. ; one’s race, one’s origin from anybody, genus deducere ab aliquo ; originem ducere or trahere ab aliquo ; originem sui ad aliquem referre :to deduce anything from God, Deum facere alicujus rei effectorem. || Infer, vid. DEDUCEMENT, Vid. INFERENCE. DEDUCIBLE, Vid. INFERABLE. DEDUCT, || To take away ; e. g., to deduct anything from a sum total, detrahere, deducere aliquid de summa : detrahere aliquid de tota pecunia (e. g., quinquagesimam partem) : deductionem or decessionem de pecunia facere.To deduct 10 per cent., * remissionem centesimarum denarum facere.If = subtract, deducere only (Cicero, Off., 1, 8, 59; in this sense, detrahere would not be Latin); to deduct anything from weight, subtrahere aliquid e pondere :not to deduct a farthing for anybody, nullum minium cuiquam deducere. Not a single farthing can be deducted, non potest triobolum hinc abesse (Plautus).
DEDUCTION, || Abatement, deductio :without any deduction., sine ulla deductione
:to make a deduction, deductionem, decessionem de pecunia facere :to pay without deduction, solidum solvere. || Syllogistic inference, conclusio :is not this a right deduction? satisne hoc conclusum videtur ? DEED, || Thing done [vid. ACT, s. ] :in very deed, re ; revera, reapse ; re et veritate (not in words merely) sane; profecto (forms of assurance) :not in word, but in deed, non verbis, sed re. || Writing containing a contract, syngrapha (Plautus, syngraphus : assigned by both parties); tabulæ (also with the genitive of what the deed referred to ; e. g., locationis) .[Vid. CONTRACT.]To draw up a deed or contract, syngrapham conscribere (after syngraphum conscribere, Plautus, Asin., 4, 1, 1); tabulas conficere (general term).
DEEM, || Think; to judge, opinavi :putare :arbitrari : censere :existimare :æstimare :reri :judicare : sentire et judicare. Vid. THINK for SYN. and phrases. DEEP, altus (what recedes from a surface by height or depth; hence, relatively “high” or ” deep ;” e.g., deep water, aqua ; a river, flumen ; roots, radices ; wound caused by a thrust, plaga.The figurative translation of ” deep” by altus for magnus, summus, is foreign to classical prose) :profundus (entering deep into the ground ; e. g., the sea, mare [whereas mare altum means both the deep sea, and the high sea] ; a whirlpool, gurges.In its figurative meaning, profundus means what is “unlimited,” “unbridled,” and therefore does not belong to “deep’) :depressus ; demissus (lying low ; e. g., country, loca) :in altitudinem depressus (e. g., vallis, opposed to late patens, Hirtius) :latus (of horizontal depth; e. g., of the depth of a house) :gravis (of sound; base, opposed to acutus ; e. g., tone, sonus vox; vocis genus) :arctus or (rather) artus (fast; of sleep) :magnus (great ; e. g., affliction, luctus) :summus (very great, calm, quies ; tranquillitas ; silence, silentium ; learning, eruditio) :Cf., ” The measure of the depth” is expressed by altus with the accusative (later with ablative), or in altitudinem with genitive :; but the latter only when the statement is that anything is made or becomes of that depth, consequently only with verb or participle. So with latus or in latitudinem, of horizontal depth : three feet deep, tres pedes altus, latus :a place ten feet deep, locus in altitudinem pedum decern depressus :a house ten feet deep, domus, quæ in latitudinem pedum decern exstructa est :very deep, præaltus; infinita altitudine; in mirandam altitudinem depressus :deep peace, placidissima pax ; in the deepest peace, in intimo sinu pacis (Plinius, Paneg., 56, 4, in such relations as gerere consulatum) :to live in the deepest peace, placidissima pace uti or frui (later, profundissima pace florere) :being in a state of the deepest peace, pacatissimus (e. g., of a town, or province) :to be lying in a deep sleep, arte (arete) dormire :to be in deep affliction, in summo esse luctu :to be deep in thought, in cogitatione defixum esse :to have a deep insight into anything, accuratam alicujus rei cogitationem habere :to draw a deep sigh, alte suspiria petere (Plautus ) ; ab imo pectore suspirare or suspiria ducere (Ovidius) :to pierce deep into the body, alte in corpus descendere (of a spear, etc.) :a deep furrow, sulcus altius impressus (Cicero) :to make a deep furrow, sulcum alte imprimere :to make a ditch three feet deep, fossam tres pedes altam deprimere; scrobem trium in altitudinem pedum defodere :to dip one’s nose deep into one’s drink, nares in bibendo altius mergere :to penetrate deeper, penitius penetrare (e. g., of a wound) :to lie deep, in loco depresso, or demisso situm esse (of a country) ; penitus abditum esse (to be deeply hidden ; e. g., in the earth, of gold, silver, etc.); in profundo demersum or abstrusum esse (figuratively of truth) deep-sunk eyes, oculi conditi :to strike deep root, altius radices agere : capere radices (Cat., Plinius, properly); penitus immittere radices (Quintilianus, figuratively) :to have struck deep root [vid. DEEPLY]: they spring up quickly because they have no deep root, ut quæ summo solo sparsa sunt semina, celerius se effundunt (Quintilianus 1, 3, 5, figuratively) :deep-rooted; [vid. DEEPLY] : deep-rooted vice, vitium penitus defixum et hærens (Cicero); vitium adultum et prævaiidum (Tacitus) :deep- rooted affection, amor penitus insitus :A deep bed (of a river), pressus in solum alveus (Curtius) :a very deep cavern, vasto recessu submota spelunca (Vergilius) :to dig deep, altius terram effodere (Cicero) : to dig deep ditches, scrobes in profundum agere (Plinius) :to dig deep, depressius pastinare (Columella ; e. g., the soilfor vines) :to penetrate deep into a country, interiores regiones petere ; ad interiores regiones penetrare. || Cunning (e. g., not easily fathomed), astutus; callidus; versutus; veterator; vafer; subdolus, etc. (The words are found in this connection and order.) callidus et astutus ; astutus et callidus; versutus et callidus; callidus et acutus ad fraudem; veterator et callidus. [Vid. CUNNING.]|| Profound, deeply learned, subtilis (of persons and things) :ingenii acumine valens ; acerrimo or acutissimo ingenio (of persons) :obscurus :occultus :involutus :absconditus : reconditus :abstrusus .(The words are found in this connection and order.) occultus et quasi involutus : reconditus et abstrusus (hard to understand; of things).A deep discussion, disputatio subtilis or abstrusa :disputatio paulo abstrusior (Cicero) :without entering upon any deep discussion, remota subtilitate disserendi :deep learning, summa or præclara eruditio ; literæ non vulgares, sed quædam interiores et reconditæ :a deep thinker, homo subtilis :to be a deep thinker, acute, subtiliter cogitare ; subtllem or acutum esse in cogitando (after Cicero); subtllem esse disputatorem (Cicero). || Dark (of color), nigrans or nigricans (blackish) ; austerus (opposed to bright, floridus) :adstrictus (opposed to excitatus, Plinius) :nubilus et pressus (Solin.) .
DEEP, s., altum (the high sea, opposed to coast or haven) :salum (the open sea, σάλος ; opposed to haven) :mare (general term :Cf., pelagus and pontus are used by the poets only) :Oceanus ; mare oceanus (the main, of which seas are parts) :to commit one’s self to the deep, navigationi se committere :to launch into the deep, navem solvere ; also merely solvere ; altum petere; in altum provehi. Vid. SEA. DEEPEN, deprimere (to fix deeper in the ground ; opposed to tollere, allevare; e. g., a building, ædem) :* majorem in altitudinem deprimere (after mirandam in altitudinem depressus, etc.) :altius imprimere (e. g., a furrow, sulcum) :excavare (to hollow out ; e. g., the shores) :depressius fodere (Seneca, Cons., ad Helv., 9 ; e. g., specus). || To make darker; to deepen the darkness, densare tenebras ( after Vergilius obtenta densantur nocte tenebræ) :to deepen a color, colori austeritatem dare (Plinius) :colorem adstringere or astringere (opposed to excitare, to make it brighter, Plinius) :to deepen colors that are too bright, nimis floridis coloribus austeritatem dare (Plinius, 35, 10). || Increase (e. g., sorrow, etc.), augere (dolorem, molestiam, etc.) .
DEEPLY, alte; profunde; penitus (inwardly) :valde ; vehementer (e. g., to feel pain or affliction) :deeply affticted, graviter afflictus; mœrore profligatus (Cicero) :deeply-rooted, altis radicibus defixus (properly and figuratively ; e. g., virtus, Cicero); inveteratus (figuratively, of habits, hatred, etc.) :very deeply rooted, altissimis defixa radicibus (e. g., virtus, Cicero) :deeply rooted in anybody, penitus defixus in aliquo (e. g., fault) :a deeply-rooted opinion, opinio penitus insita :deeply-rooted evils, mala inveterata, fixa (Cicero) :to be deeply-rooted, altas radices agere (properly); inveterascere (figuratively, of habits, etc.,) :to be very deeply rooted, penitus immissis radicibus niti (Quintilianus, 1, 3, figuratively).More under DEEP. To impress deeply on one’s heart, animo suo penitus mandare aliquid. || Cunningly, astute; callide ; versute ; vafre ; subdole. || Profoundly, subtiliter :abscondite (e. g., disserere).
DEEPNESS, || Depth; Vid. || Craft, cunning, vid. DEER, dama (fallow-deer, Plinius, V. H., etc. : as masculine, only Vergilius and Statius ; compareQuintilianus, 9, 3, 6) :cervus (general term, feminine, cerva) :deer-hunting, venatio or venatus cervorum.A deer-stealer, * prædo cervorum :to practise deer-stealing, * furtim cervos intercipere :deer-skin, * pellis damæ or cervi, capreæ, etc. DEFACE, deformare (to disfigure) :turpare (to make ugly).Sometimes corrumpere : depravare : in pejus mutare, vertere, or (Horatius) fingere. DEFACED, deformatus ; deformis ; depravatus :defaced by errors, mendosus (as a book, etc.).
DEFACEMENT, deformatio (e. g., tantæ majestatis, Livius) :depravatio (both as act) :deformitas ; turpitudo (as a state).
DEFALCATE, injuria detrahere aliquid de aliqua re (wrongfully to make a deduction from anything ; e. g., from anybody’s wages or salary, de alicujus mercede, Cicero, Verr., 3, 78, 182) :fraudare or defraudare aliquem aliqua re (general term, to cheat anybody of anything).
DEFALCATION, deductio (from a sum total) :without any defalcation, sine ulla deductione :to pay without defalcation., solidum solvere. DEFAMATION, calumnia (false accusation) :criminatio (slander ; the blackening of a man’s character) :obtrectatio (malicious disparaging ; often in plural).
DEFAMATORY, calumniosus (defaming others ; late) :falsas criminationes continens (containing slander) :probrosus (Tacitus) :A defamatory poem, carmen probrosum (Tacitus).A defamatory libel, libellus famosus. Cf., The libels of the ancients were mostly in verse; hence carmen probrosum (Tacitus) or famosum (Horatius) :carmen, quod infamiam facit nagitiumve alteri (Cicero) :elogium (written
on a person’s door ; Plautus, Merc., 2, 3, 74) :carmen refertum contumeliis alicujus (Tacitus).To compose a defamatory libel against anybody, carmen probrosum facere in aliquem (after Tacitus,) ; carmine probroso diffamare aliquem (Tacitus) ; carmen ad infamiam alicujus edere (Suetonius, Oct., 55) : malum in aliquem carmen condere (Horatius) :to publish a defamatory libel, * carmen probrosum or famosum vulgare (all these suppose that it is in poetry) :libellum ad infamiam alicujus edere (Suetonius,Oct., 55) ; aliquem scriptis procacibus diffamare. DEFAME, alicui infamiam movere; aliquem infamare (to bring anybody into ill repute) :aliquem variis rumoribus differre ; aliquem diffamare (to spread reports against anybody diffamare,post-Augustan, Tacitus) :calumniari (to accuse falsely, and from base motives) :criminari (to blacken, and render suspected by false accusations) ; anybody to anybody, aliquem apud aliquem :de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere (to detract ,from anybody’s good name) :maledicere alicui (to speak ill of anybody) :probrum inferre (e. g., castis, Cicero) :behind the back, de aliquo absente detrahendi causa maledice contumelioseque dicere (Cicero, Off.,1, 37, 134); alicui absenti male loqui (Terentianus, Phorm., 2, 3, 25) :I am defamed, detrahitur de mea fama. DEFAMER, homo maledicus (one who speaks ill of anybody from malice) :maleditcus conviciator (when done with clamor and vulgar abuse) :calumniator (a malignant slanderer).
DEFATIGATE, Vid. FATIGUE, v. DEFATIGATION, fatigatio; defatigatio. lassitudo. DEFAULT, defectio ; defectus (with the genitive : both express omission, or defect; the first as an act; the latter as a condition). || Default, as a law-term, vadimonium desertum :to let judgement go by default, ad diem, or ad vadimonium non venire ; vadimonium deserere : se non sistere. || Failure (vid.). || “In default of by circumlocution with verbs deesse, deficere, etc. :in default of arms, quum tela deficiant or dencerent (Cæsar) :in default of arms they seized upon sticks and stones, * arma quum deessent (or deficerent, if they had before had some), saxa et ligna corripuerunt :to have recourse to lies in default of argument, * idoneo argumento deficiente, ad mendacia confugere. DEFAULTER, || One who lets judgement go by default, qui ad diem non venit; qui vadimonium deserit : qui se non sistit. || Pecuniary defaulter, peculator (who peculates, Cicero) :qui pecuniam publicam avertit : qui peculatum facit or fecit.To be brought to trial as a defaulter, peculatus accusari :to be a convicted defaulter, damnari peculatus : damnari pecuniæ publicæ. DEFEASANCE, *conditio pactum (or testamentum, etc.) irritum faciens, tollens, etc. Sometimes exceptio may do (which is the general term for the plea by which the defendant endeavors to meet a charge ; hence, also, ” a plea in defeasance of anything”) ; or adjunctio (a condition by which anything is limited).
DEFEASIBLE, quod aboleri, rescindi, abrogari, irritum fieri potest.
DEFEAT, v. || Conquer (vid.), vincere; superare; the enemy, hostem fundere fugareque ; alicui cladem afferre, or inferre; aliquem prosternere; alicui detrimentum inferre. || To frustrate, ad vanum, or ad irritum, or ad vanum et irritum redigere : disturbare (e. g., a marriage, nuptias) :disjicere (e. g., an affair, rem; plans, consilia, Livius) :discutere (e. g., rem, Cicero, ; consilia, etc.).(The words are found in this connection and order.) discutere et comprimere :to completely defeat anybody’s plans, conturbare alicui omnes rationes :to defeat anybody’s hopes, spem fallere, ludere, destituere :one’s hopes are defeated, spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur, or by spe excidere; a spe decidere; spe dejici : if my hopes are defeated, si spes destituat :to be defeated, irritum fieri; ad irritum cadere or recidere, or venire :unless some accident had defeated his plans, nisi aliqui casus ejus consilium peremisset :death defeats all one’s hopes and plans, omnem spem atque omnia vitæ consilia mors pervertit. || Resist with success; to defeat an attack, impetum ferre (to stand it) :impetum (hostium) propulsare (to stand it, and also drive the enemy back).|| To defeat or annul, aliquid rescindere (e. g., a will, contract, verdict, etc.) ; aliquid irritum facere. Vid. ANNUL. DEFEAT, s., || Overthrow, the state of an army completely routed, clades (general term) :strages (the defeat of the enemy, when heaps are slain) :internecio (a defeat, in which all are slain to a man, no quarter being given) :Cf., when the Romans speak of a defeat which they themselves have suffered, they employ euphemistic expressions, such as adversa pugna, or adversum prœlium (vid. Livius, 8, 31 ; 7, 29), or incommodum (vid. Cicero, Læl. 3, 10; Cæsar B. G., 1, 3), or detrimentum (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 5, 52; 6, 34, etc.), or calamitas (vid. Cicero, Brut., 3, 12. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 30; Livius, 2, 12) :to inflict a defeat, stragem dare, or edere, or facere ; on anybody ; [vid. To DEFEAT] : a great defeat, aliquem ingenti cæde prosternere :to inflict a complete defeat on anybody, aliquem ad internecionem cædere :to suffer a defeat, cladem pugnæ, or merely cladem, or calamitatem, or incommodum, or detrimentum accipere :a complete defeat, ad internecionem cædi, or deleri ; ad internecionem venire :if we should suffer a defeat, si adversa pugna evenerit. || Defeat, or complete frustration, frustratio alicujus rei (e. g., legis, Livius, [the making it practically of no effect] ; and absolutely. Not Cicero ; Planc. ap. Cicero, Varr.) :deletio ; exstinctio ; eversio. DEFECATE, defæcare (e. g., vinum, Columella); purgare; expurgare; purum facere; all used both properly and figuratively. || Purify ; vid.κυρικιμασαηικο DEFECATION, purgalio (general term Cf., purificatio is a bad word) :lustratio (defecation by expiatory sacrifice) :defæcatio (very late; Tertullianus, Anim., 27).
DEFECT, vitium ( κακία , any physical or moral imperfection, as a quality, not deserving of punishment, but of censure; also any natural defect to which no blame is attached ; e. g., of the body, of the organ of speech, oris) :quod deest (what is wanting ; opposed to quod abundat atque affluit ; or to excess, quod superest, superat or redundat) :full of defects ( = faults), mendosus :free from defects, ab omni vitio vacuus, vitio purus (free from physical and moral defects; of persons and things) :emendatus (of writings) :to be without defects, sine vitiis esse; vitiis carere or vacare (of persons and things) :if there is no defect in anything, si nihil est in aliqua re vitii (Cicero, ; e. g., in tecto, parietibus, Cicero) :to perceive defects in anybody, in aliquo vitia videre :if anything is suffering from any defect, si deest alicui rei quippiam (Cicero ).I have two defects which prevent me, etc., duæ mihi res, quominus, etc., desunt (e. g., duas sibi res, quominus in vulgus et in foro diceret, defuisse, Cicero) :to supply a defect, quod deest alicui, or alicui rei, explere (Cicero, Brut. 42, 154) :to supply the defects of anything, supplere aliquid (e. g., of your library, bibliothecam tuam, Cicero); or imperfectum aliquid supplere (Suetonius, Cæsar, 56) ; partem relictam explere (to supply a portion that the thing has not yet had) :excess is better than defect, satius est aliquid superesse (alicui rei) quam deesse :to see the defects of others, and to forget one’s own, aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum (Cicero, Tusc., 3, 30, 73) ; magis in aliis cernere, quam in nobismet ipsis, si quid delinquitur (Cicero, Off., 1, 41, 146) ; aliorum vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo nostra (Seneca, De Ira, 2, 28, 6).The defect of anything in the one is equal to the excess of it in the other, quanti alteri deest alicujus rei, tantum alteri superest : Cf., defectus ( = “the ceasing,” “failing,” etc., Plinius ; e. g., lactis) is rare, except in the elder Plinius : defectio ( = defect caused by the ceasing or failing of anything) is classical in this sense, but must not be used of any other kind of defect. Vid. FAULT. DEFECTION, || A falling away, defectio; from anybody, ab aliquo : rebellio ; rebellium (both mean a renewal of war on the side of a people reduced to peace, the last occurs in Livius, 42, 21) :transfugium; transitio ad hostem (a going over of soldiers to the enemy) :a defection from one’s religion, * defectio a sacris :to try to bring about anybody’s defection, alicujus animum ad defectionem sollicitare :to drive anybody to defection, aliquem in societatem defectionis impellere. Vid. REVOLT. DEFECTIVE, mancus; non integer (not complete) :non perfectus ; imperfectus ; suis numeris non absolutus (unfinished) :non commodus (not good of its sort) :vitiosus (blemished) :it is better for a narrative to be redundant than defective, satius est, aliquid narrationi superesse, quam deesse :The grammatical term defective is defectivus (e. g., a defective verb, verbum defectivum).
DEFECTIVELY, imperfecte ; haud commode :vitiose. DEFENCE, || Protection, tutela (defence in as far as it has anything under careful inspection, and averts from it whatever may be hurtful, for which meaning protectio is late Latin) :præsidium (defence, in as far as through it one is sheltered, and can fly to it for refuge when in need of help) :defensio (the defence or act by which one wards off damage or danger whencesoever proceeding) :tutamentum (Livius; means of defence) :patrocinium (the defence or fatherly protection, which a patron affords to his client, or protege) :to undertake anybody’s defence, aliquem in fidem recipere (as a superior, general, etc.) :alicujus patrocinium suscipere (as a patron or advocate) :to look to or fly to anybody for defence, se in fidem alicujus committere ; se in fidem et tutelam alicujus conferre; se alicui in clientelam et fidem dare; alicujus fidem sequl (Vid. Herz., Cæsar,
B. G., 4) :that the defence of the city should be committed to the old men, seniores ad urbis custodiam ut præsto essent (Livius).|| Vindication, excusatio (apology) :purgatio (justification) :responsio : causæ dictio, or actio (defence before a court by a speech, etc.) :to call upon anybody for his defence, rationem aliquem reddere jubere (call him to account) :to undertake the defence of a cause, patrocinium causæ suscipere :to decline the defence, patrocinium alicujus rei repudiare :to conduct one’s own defence, ipsum pro se dicere :to write one’s defence, or draw up a defence in writing, defensionem suæ causæ scribere. || Resistance, defensio; means of defence, tutamen (general term); arma (arms); * quæ ad aliquem tuendum or ad locum tuendum parantur :to prepare for defence, ad resistendum or ad vim propulsandam se parare (of a person) ; muros instruere (of a besieged general or force putting the walls in a state of defence ; vid. Herz., ad B.G., 7, 18) :to put a fortress in a state of defence, castellum munire ac rebus necessariis instruere :to make a stout defence, fortiter repugnare or resistere :without any means of defence [vid. DEFENCELESS]. || Defensive works; fortification, operis munitio ; opus (or opera) munitionesque ; also munitiones only, or munimenta, plural ; opera, um, neuter: propugnaculum (figuratively) : the art of defence or fortification, * ars muniendi ; * architectura militaris :the natural means of defence (of a city), nativa præsidia (urbis, Cicero).
DEFENCELESS, inermis (without arms) :armis exutus (disarmed) :impeditus (prevented from using arms) ; intutus (unprotected) :defensoribus nudatus (deprived of defenders ; both of places) :indefensus (Livius, undefended) :sine præsidio; non tutus : non munitus (of a town, etc.).
DEFEND, defendere; defensare (to defend anybody or anything from an actual attack, whether with arms or words : defensare has the accessory notion of great activity and perseverance; against or from anybody or anything, ab aliquo and ab aliqua re, and contra aliquem ) :tueri; tutari (protect; to defend from possible attacks, from dangers; whether with arms or words ; against or from anybody or anything, ab aliquo, or ab aliqua, re, or contra aliquem or aliquid) :tegere ; protegere (to defend with arms, or other means of defence ; protegere also with words ; to defend anybody in anything, tegere aliquem in aliqua re). (The words are found in this connection and order.) defendere et protegere ab aliqua re or contra aliquid : propugnare pro aliqua re (be its champion; to fight for with arms or words). (The words are found in this connection and order.) defendere et propugnare : alicui præsidio esse (to be a bulwark, a protector) :prohibere aliquid (to keep a thing afar off; to ward it off; of things ; e. g., medicines : to defend anything or anybody from anything or anybody, prohibere aliquid ab aliquo or aliquem ab aliqua re ; e. g., agros populationibus prohibere, Livius, ; aliquem contumeliis militum conviciisque, Cæsar, injurias ab aliquo, Cæsar) :dicere pro aliquo, or pro aliqua re (to make a speech in defence, to plead his cause ; especially in a court of justice) :patrocinium alicujus or alicujus rei suscipere ; alicui or alicui rei patrocinari (to defend or take anybody or anything under one’s patronage, and speak for) :to defend anybody (in a court of justice), causam alicujus defendere or dicere (to plead his cause) ; alicui in jure cavere (Cicero, of a jurist giving his client the necessary forms and precautions) :to defend people (in a court of justice, as an advocate), causas defensitare or tueri ; anybody before the prætor, defendere aliquem apud prætorem ; anybody against unjust accusers, defendere aliquem contra iniquos ; anybody’s innocence, defendere innocentiam alicujus ; anybody’s reputation, propugnare pro alicujus fama :to defend one’s self, defendere ipsum sese (in a general sense) ; dicere ipsum pro se (in a court of justice) :se purgare (to defend one’s self successfully in a court of justice); vim vi repellere (from violence) :to defend one’s self from anybody’s anger, se tutari ab alicujus ira :to defend anybody from cold, a frigore defendere (Vergilius), munire (Columella); from the heat, tutari a calore (Cicero); one’s life, defendere vitam :to defend one’s life and reputation, defendere caput et famam (Cicero) :to permit anybody to defend himself, defensionem alicui dare (Cicero) :to defend the frontiers, tueri fines ab incursionibus hostium (Cicero) ; anything against fire, aliquid contra ignem firmare ; against frost and storm, a frigore et tempestate munire; anybody carefully against wind, cold, and rain, aliquem diligenter munire a vento, frigore, pluvia. || To fortify, firmare (to make secure); against anything, contra aliquid : munire (to fortify) ; against anything, ab aliqua re, contra or adversus aliquid : sepire (to defend by a trench, or fence of any sort) :custodire (to defend or guard against detriment by vigilant inspection) :to defend (by surrounding), circummunire :to defend a garden against the forcible entry of men, hortum munire ab incursu hominum :to defend the pass by a strong redoubt, fauces regionis valido munimento sepire :defended by the nature of the ground, loci natura munitus; situ naturali munitus ; both by nature and art, et natura loci et manu, or operibus et loco munitus ; quum manu munitus, tum natura loci :nature has defended Italy by the Alps, Alpibus muniit Italiam natura. DEFENDANT, reus (in a criminal process, opposed to accusator) :is unde petitur; also possessor (in a civil process about meum and tuum, opposed to petitor) :to be counsel for the defendant, pro reo dicere ; alicui adesse (in judicio).
DEFENDER, defensor (one who wards off hostile attacks) :propugnator (the champion, who with arms in his hand, defends anything) :Cf., assertor only Quintilian, and Suetonius : tutor (the defender who takes anything under his protection) :patronus (the patron, who defends the rights of his clients) :the defender or advocate in a court of law ; [vid. ADVOCATE] : to have anybody for one’s defender, esse in alicujus tutela; esse in alicujus tutela et fide ; esse in alicujus clientela. DEFENSIBLE, quod defendi potest, etc. DEFENSIVE, By circumlocution : defensive preparations, * quæ ad aliquem tuendum, or ad locum tuendum parantur :a defensive alliance, * fœdus ad bellum defendendum initum :a defensive and offensive alliance, * fœdus ad bella et repellenda et inferenda initum or factum :a defensive war, bellum, quod defendendo geritur :defensive arms, arma, quæ sunt ad tegendum (opposed to arma, quæ sunt ad nocendum, offensive arms) :on the defensive, defendendo :to act on the defensive, ad vim propulsandam se parare. DEFENSIVELY, defendendo. DEFER, || To put off to another time, differre ; proferre ; conferre (with the distinction, that by differre the time of putting off may either be fixed or not ; whereas proferre and conferre, for which transferre seldom stands, intimate that the time of putting off is fixed) :procrastinare ; differre et procrastinare (to put off to the following day, especially in a dilatory manner) :producere :prolatare (e. g., comitia ; diem) :rejicere in or ad (with accusative ; to put off what should be done now ; also reservare) : protrudere (to thrust off; e. g., comitia in mensem Januarium) :to defer from one day to another, diem ex die ducere or prolatare; anything from day to day, rem in dies proferre ac procrastinare (Cicero) :to defer the payment of a debt, solutionem nominis sustinere (Cicero) :to defer it to another time, in aliud tempus differre, proferre or rejicere; to the next day, aliquid differre in crastinum; aliquid in posterum diem conferre :to defer for some days, aliquot dies proferre or promovere; a wedding, prodere nuptiis aliquot dies (Terentianus) :to defer passing sentence on a person accused (till the third day after his trial, or later), comperendinare reum :to defer the sentence (in order to afford the accused ampler means of defence), ampliare reum. || To defer to or pay deference to, alicui obsequi or morigerari ; alicui or alicujus voluntati morem gerere : alicui obtemperare. DEFERENCE, observantia (especially the deference which one actually pays to anybody ; vid. Cicero, Invent., 2, 22, 66) :reverentia (deference, or due respect, accompanied with something of a reverential awe) :veneratio :verecundia (a deference that is stronger than reverentia ; a heartfelt respect for the high worth of a person) :deference is due to parents, reverentia debetur parentibus :to show or pay deference to anybody, aliquem observare; aliquem colere et observare, or vereri et colere ; aliquem revereri ; reverentiam adversus aliquem adhibere; reverentiam alicui habere or præstare :to pay the greatest deference to anybody, aliquem summa, observantia colere ; aliquem colere et observare diligenter; perhonorificum esse in aliquem ; veneratione aliquem prosequi :he pays me no deference, nihil mihi tribuit (Cicero).I have never been wanting in deference to you, mihi in te numquam observantia defuit (Cicero) :we should pay deference to the old, æquum est senibus obsequi (Terentianus) :to pay no deference to anybody, negligere aliquem. DEFERENTIAL, aliquem observans (towards anybody, alicujus) :reverens :venerabundus [SYN. of substantives in DEFERENCE]. I hope that he will always show you a deferential respect, eum semper spero tui fore observantem. DEFERENTIALLY, reverenter :to accost anybody deferentially, aliquem reverenter (-issime) alloqui. DEFIANCE, provocatio :to take arms in answer to a defiance, adversus aliquem provocantem arma capere (vid. Livius, 4, 8) :to bid defiance to anybody, provocare or lacessere aliquem ad pugnam (vid. To CHALLENGE) :to set anybody at defiance, contumacem esse in aliquem :contumacius parere alicui
(to oppose a person whom one should obey, in an obstinate, refractory manner) – (confidenter) resistere alicui (to resist a person) ; confidenter resistentem respondere (to answer with daring resistance) :to set anything at defiance, contumacem esse adversus aliquid (e. g., imperia patris) ; contumaciter spernere (to set at naught in the spirit of defiance ; e. g., imperia validiorum); contumaciter resistere alicui rei (e.g. scalpturæ, Plinius, ; speaking of an extremely hard stone); contemnere aliquid (to despise what it might be thought dangerous to overlook ; e. g., omnia jura humana) ; obviam ire alicui rei :se offerre alicui rei (to encounter it; e. g., periculis) :in defiance of anybody, adversus alicujus voluntatem; aliquo invito (against his will) ; adversus (against ; e. g., in defiance of that decree [of the Senate], adversus id senatus consultum) ; oftenby ablative absolute with neglectus, contemptus; in defiance of my entreaties, contemtis or neglectis precibus meis ; vid. ‘in SPITE of.” DEFICIENCY, defectio; defectus (with the genitive; expresses deficiency, as the want of anything ; the first as casual, the last as a condition; in the sense of intellectual and moral imperfection, they are used in modern Latin only, without ancient authority) :vitium (includes deficiency of any sort, and therefore imperfection, intellectual and moral) :* quod deest or desideratur (what is wanting to make a thing complete) :pars relicta (the part left undone) :complete deficiency of everything, omnium rerum inopia ; summa angustia rerum necessariarum :deficiency of money, pecuniæ or argenti penuria [Cf., defectus pecuniæ, late] ; inopia argenti or argentaria ; difficultas rei numariæ, or difficultas numaria ; angustiæ rei familiaris :deficiency of water, penuria aquarum :deficiency of water in the brooks, defectus aquarum circa rivos :deficiency of friends, penuria amicorum :to suffer from deficiency of anything, aliqua re carere (not to have it) ; aliqua re egere, indigere (to be sorry that one has not got it) ; * alicujus rei inopia laborare, premi also merely ab aliqua re laborare ; aliqua re premi ; alicujus rei inopia affici (e. g., consilii, Cicero) :from a deficiency of arguments, inopia argumentorum :there is a great deficiency of anything, magna est alicujus rei penuria :deficiency of provisions (corn), rei frumentariæ inopia, or angustiæ, or difficultas :to supply the deficiency of corn, rei frumentariæ mederi ; rem frumentariam expedire :to supply a deficiency, partem relictam explere (it being a part left undone) ; inopiam alicujus rei lenire, levare (to supply it partially) :aliqua re anguste uti (to be obliged to use it sparingly) :the deficiencies of anything (faultiness), mendosa alicujus rei natura (Horatius, Sat., 1, 6, 66). Vid. DEFECT. DEFICIENT, Vid. DEFECTIVE. DEFIER, provocator (Justinus and Gellius, ; a peculiar kind of gladiator ; Cicero, Sext., 64, 134).
DEFILE, TR., maculare ; commaculare ; maculis aspergere (especially to stain what is white) :contaminare (to sully the purity of anything) :inquinare (to pollute, with the accessory notion of destroying the beauty of anything) :polluere (implies a desecration of what is holy and pure) :spurcare ; conspurcare (to make dirty, with the accessory notion of disgust ; scarcely ever used in the elevated style) :violare (to dishonour, to deflour, and also to profane) :to defile one’s hands with blood, manus suas sanguine cruentare :to be defiled with the blood of kinsmen, parricidio contaminari :to be defile with lust, vitam oblinere libidine ; libidinibus inquinari.Vid. STAIN, POLLUTE. DEFILE, INTR., perhaps in acie procedere :to defile, or march through a narrow pass, per angustias iter habere :the army defiles through a mountain pass covered with woods, agmen per saltum porrigitur (Tacitus, Ann., 1, 51, 3).
DEFILE, angustiæ (a narrow pass, through a chain of mountains) :fauces (a narrow pass, opening into a wider space).
DEFILEMENT, contaminatio :pollutio (both of a later age) :macula : labes (the stain itself) :free from defilement, inviolatus (opposed to pollutus) :defilement of a maid, vitiatio (the act) ; vitium virgini oblatum (as thing done) :moral defilement, labes aliqua decoris. Vid. POLLUTION. DEFILER (of a female), stuprator ; constuprator. DEFINABLE, quod definiri potest. DEFINE. || To give a logical definition of, definire (to fix the limits, so that the thing may be accurately distinguished from other things) :circumscribere (to limit the meaning, so that too much may not be comprehended under it, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) circumscribere et definire : dicere et quasi circumscribere verbis : definitione declarare :constituere, qui sint in aliqua re fines (to limit a moral problem, etc., Cicero) :to define the notion of duty, definire, quid sit officium ; the general notion of anything, universam et propriam alicujus (rei) vim definire complectique; propriam alicujus rei vim definitione declarare :to define in a few words, brevi circumscribere et definire ; definire rem verbis et breviter describere :to define the term man, dicere et quasi circumscribere verbis, quid homo sit (Cicero) :it is of great importance how you define the office of a tribune, plurimum interest, quid esse tribunatum putes.Fortitude is correctly defined by the Stoics to be, etc., probe definitur a Stoicis fortitudo, quum eam – esse dicunt, etc. (Cicero) :which they define to be, etc., quod sic definiunt, ut (id) velint esse, etc. :the former term is usually defined thus, illud superius sic fere definiri solet :to define the proper limits of friendship, constituere, qui sint in amicitia fines et quasi termini diligendi (Cicero).|| To determine the extent of anything with precision, definire :circumscribere :terminare (e.g. fines imperii; regiones, etc.) :limitare (very rare; quæstionem, Varr.). Vid. To LIMIT. DEFINER, qui definit, etc. DEFINITE, || Fixed, status; constitutus :finitus ; definitus (definite or closely defined) :certus destinatusque (e. g., opinions, sententiæ, Cicero ; persons, personæ, Quintilianus) :certus (certain, decided). (The words are found in this connection and order.) certus et definitus :præstitus (fixed beforehand) :a definite day, dies dictus, constitutus, præstitutus ; certus :definite expenses, * expensæ statæ (opposed to sumptus fortuiti) :definite income, reditus stati :to express a definite opinion, * certam sententiam expromere :to have or entertain a definite opinion on no subject whatever, nullam rem aperte judicare. DEFINITELY, certo or certe [SYN. in CERTAINLY] :definite (with a statement of all the peculiarities , etc., opposed to generatim) :diserte (in express terms ; Cf., not disertis verbis) :ex destinato :destinato (post-Augustan, Suetonius; with deliberate intention).
DEFINITION, finitio; definitio (a strict definition) :explicate (an explanation) :To give a definition of ; vid. To DEFINE. DEFINITIVE, DEFINITIVELY, [Vid. DEFINITE and DEFINITELY.]To answer definitively, sine ulla dubitatione respondere :a definitive sentence, sententia, qua omnis controversia dirimitur; or, qua lis dijudicatur : sententia terminalis (late technical term, Code Justinian) :to pronounce a definitive sentence, litem dijudicare (Horatius).
DEFLAGRABLE, Vid. COMBUSTIBLE. DEFLAGRATION, deflagratio ; confiagratio ; Vid. COMBUSTION. DEFLECT, deflectere (both transitively, and intransitively ; properly, and figuratively; de aliqua re, of a local relation; e. g., de recta regione, via, spatio; ab aliqua re, figuratively; e. g., a veritate, proposito, amicitiis ; intransitively, deflecti or deflectere) :declinare :degredi (these three all imply the consent of the will, and are used both properly, and figuratively) :aberrare (to deflect without consciousness, and the consent of the will, properly, and figuratively) :Vid. “TURN aside.” DEFLECTION, deflection, or deviation from the straight path, declinatio [Cf., deflexio, Macrobius ; defiexus, Valerius, Max.] :to make a deflection, deflectere, etc. Vid. To DEFLECT. DEFLORATION. || Act of deflouring, (α) a female, vitiatio : vitium or stuprum per vim mulieri allatum.(β) a thing, deformatio. || Selection of the best, fios :* optima (noun plural).
DEFLOUR, stuprare or constuprare aliquam ; alicujus pudicitiæ vim atque vitium afferre ; per vim stuprare aliquam ; per vim vitium or stuprum offerre alicui : stuprum inferre alicui (Cicero). || FIG., corrumpere :deformare :depravare : turpare (Tacitus).
DEFLUOUS, defluens (Cf., defluus, post-Augustan) :delabens (gliding downward) :decurrens (running down).
DEFLUXION, delapsus (the gliding down) :fluxio ; rheumatismus (of the humours of the body, fluxiones omnes, quas rheumatismos vocant, vid. Plinius, 28, 8, 24) :destillatio (a defluxion or running ; e. g., of the nose, naris).I am suffering from defluxions, * rheumatismis laboro :destillationes male me habent (from colds, catarrh) :[Cf., defluxio, Firm., Math., ; Cœlius, Aur. : defluxus, Appuleius]. DEFORM, deformare (to deform or disfigure) :turpare (to deform or make ugly ; Tacitus) :in pejus fingere (to make a caricature of, Horatius, Ep., 2, 1, 265) :corrumpere (to deform, spoil, or mar) :corrumpere formam et pulchritudinem alicujus rei (e. g., honestatis, Cicero) :depravare (to deform, distort, or pervert ; improperly = to interpret falsely ; purposely, industria) :in pejus mutare or vertere (improperly, to interpret incorrectly) .
DEFORMATION, deformatio (Livius); depravatio (as an act; deformatio = disfigurement ; depravatio = perversion, distortion).
DEFORMED, deformatus; deformis (ugly) :depravatus (corrupted ; made worse than it should be) :pravus (disproportioned ; not such as it should be, membra, crura, etc.) :distortus (absolutely
of a person ; Cicero) :pravus extortusque (Juvenalis) :omnibus membris extortus et fractus (from the dislocation and fracture of limbs ; Plinius) :Deformed limbs, prava membra : in pravum elapsi artus (Tacitus) :deformed by mistakes, mendosus (like a book) :terribly deformed, distortissimus (Cicero) :insignis ad deformitatem. DEFORMITY, deformitas; turpitudo (mean deformity, as a state, the result of deformation) :corporis pravitas or pravitates :membrorum pravitas (misshapen limbs) :distortio membrorum ; distortio et depravatio (quædam) in aliqua re :A deformity, res deformis : monstrum (e. g., monstrum hominis).Moral or mental deformity, animi deformitas (Cicero) ; depravatio et fœditas animi (Cicero).
DEFRAUD, fraudare ( vid. proper word) :defraudare (rare; twice in Cicero; not in Cæsar) :fraudem or fallaciam alicui facere ; dolum alicui nectere, confingere ; (fraude) decipere :fallere, also with fraude : frustrari : imponere alicui : circumvenire :to defraud anybody of anything, fraudare, defraudare aliquem aliqua re ; of money, aliquem circumducere, or circumvertere argento ; aliquem emungere argento ; perfabricare aliquem (the last two expressions = to trick him out of his money ; to take him in ; all are confined to comedy) ; defraud one’s creditors, fraudare creditores :to attempt to defraud anybody, fraude aliquem tentare; fallaciara intendere in aliquem.Cf., The fallens deceives by imparting erroneous views ; the frustrans, by false hopes; the imponens, by practicing on the credulity of another.Decipere and circumvenire mean to outwit, and obtain an unfair advantage ; the decipiens by a suddenly-executed, the circumveniens by an artfully-laid plot.Fraudare means to injure and rob anybody by an abuse of his confidence; Döderlein, Vid. DECEIVE. DEFRAUDER, fraudator [Cf., defraudator, very late ; Gaius, Inst., 4, 65.] :homo ad fallendum paratus or instructus (one who delights in defrauding) [vid. DECEIVER] :circumscriptor (especially one who takes advantage of the young and inexperienced) :quadruplator (especially one who tries to get the property of others by chicanery, etc.) :veterator (an old hand at defrauding, etc.) :Cf., deceptor only Seneca, Thyest., 144. Vid. DECEIVER. DEFRAY, suppeditare (e. g., the expense, charge, cost, etc., sumtus or sumtum) :to defray part of the cost, in partem impensæ venire :to be able to defray the expense, sumtus sustinere; sumtibus subsistere :not to be able to defray the expense, sumtibus sufficere or subsistere non posse; sumtus tolerare non posse :to defray the first cost, etc., sarcire or resarcire sumtum suum (Terentianus) :quod impensæ factum est in rem efficere :the profits do not defray the expenses of management, impendia superant reditum :to defray household expenses, * usibus rei familiaris satisfacere :I have enough to defray my expenses, habeo, unde utar.κυρικιμασαηικο DEFRAYER, qui sumtus suppeditat, etc. DEFRAYMENT, Vid. PAYMENT. DEFT,|| Apt at anything, habilis, aptus, idoneus ad aliquid (sometimes, but seldom, with dative ; vid. Grotef., § 197 ; Zumpt., § 409). || Elegant in mien and gesture, bellus :venustus ; elegans. || With alacrity, hilaris; (less commonly) hilarus ; alacer. DEFTLY, apte ; idonee ; apposite : belle ; festive ; eleganter or commode : hilare ; læte, etc. :he who does anything deftly, qui aliquid commode facit (e. g., commode saltare) :qui aliquid scienter facit (e. g., he plays on the pipe deftly, scienter tibiis cantat).
DEFUNCT, mortuus (Cf.,r defunctus, unclassical).
DEFY, || Challenge ; Vid. || Set at defiance. Vid. under DEFIANCE. DEGENERACY,|| Natural degeneracy ; by circumlocution with degener or degenerare; or degenerare in feritatem. || Moral degeneracy, degener animus (Vergilius, degeneros animos timor arguit) :depravatio animi. Livy uses the neuter participle degeneratum (1, 53; ni degeneratum in aliis huic quoque decori offecisset, if his having degenerated in other respects had not, etc.) The gods bear me witness that I cannot justly be charged with degeneracy, di mini sunt testes non degenerasse propinquos (sc. me, Propertius) :degeneracy of manners, mores corrupti, depravatique ; mores perditi ; mores turpes. DEGENERATE, v. degenerare :degenerare in feritatem (to grow wild again, of trees) :degenerare a parentibus (degenerate from ancestors, of children).
DEGENERATE, indignus parentibus or majoribus :degener (poetical and post-classical prose; Cf., degeneratus, Valerius, Max.) :A degenerate age, ætas pejor parentibus or avis (after Horatius).If “degenerate” is used vaguely to denote ” corruption,” vid. CORRUPT. DEGLUTINATE, deglutinare (e. g., palpebras, Plinius, 25, 13, 103) :reglutinare (Catullus, 25, 9 ; Marcellinus, Cap., 6, p. 191).
DEGLUTITION, By circumlocution with glutire ; haurire. DEGRADATION. || Formal act of degrading or deposing, gradus dejectio (Modest, in Dig., 49,16, 3) :ab ordine motio (Ulpianus, 37, 20, 3) :depositio dignitatis (Ulpianus, Dig., 48, 19, 8). || In a wider sense, imminuta alicujus auctoritas or dignitas : ignominia :dedecus (disgrace).It is thought a degradation to have one’s name removed to the city tribes, in urbanas tribus transferri, ignominiæ est (Plinius) :to think anything a degradation, aliquid infra se positum arbitrari. Vid. “to think degrading” in To DEGRADE. DEGRADE. || Remove to a lower rank, loco movere (of soldiers ; Cæsar, B. C., 3, 74 ; coupled with ignominia notare, to disgrace) :ex superiore ordine in inferiorem detrudere aliquem (cf., Suetonius, Cæsar, 29, in.) :gradu dejicere aliquem (after Modest. in Dig., 49, 16, 3) :ab ordine movere aliquem (after Ulpianus, Dig., 37, 20, 30) :militandi ordinem alicui mutare (of a soldier ; cf. Livius, 25, 6, 15) :removere, amovere or submovere aliquem munere (to remove him from his office ; especially from an office of state).To degrade a senator, aliquem a or de senatu movere; aliquem senatu or senatorio loco movere ( Livius, 39, 42) :to degrade anybody from his office, abrogare or abolere alicui magistratum (both in the Roman sense abolere implying that the degradation is forever) :to degrade the governor of a province, aliquem provincia demovere. || In a wider sense; to disgrace, etc., dignitate sua privare or spoliare : imminuere alicujus auctoritatem : aliquem ignominia afficere or notare (the latter, Cæsar, B. C., 3, 74) :ignominiam alicui injungere or inurere (to disgrace).To degrade one’s self, se abjicere : se abjicere et prosternere : minuere suam dignitatem : dignitatis suæ immemorem esse :se dedecorare (e. g., flagitiis) :se ipsum in ordinem cogere (Livius; to forget what is due to one’s self; figurative expression from the notion of reducing an officer to the ranks [?] ) :in pejorem partem rapere :to degrade art to a gainful trade, artem ad mercedem atque quæstum abducere :to such a degree was art degraded by Perillus, in hoc Perillus artem devocavit. To degrade one’s self to anything, prolabi ad aliquid :descendere ad aliquid : se projicere in aliquid :to degrade anything, aliquid abjicere et prosternere (Terentianus). || Degrading [vid. DISGRACEFUL].To think anything degrading, aliquid infra se positum arbitrari ; anything is degrading to anybody, est infra alicujus dignitatem.Thinking it degrading to, inferius majestate sua rati, si, etc. (Tacitus, Ann., 3, 3). DEGREE, gradus (strictly applicable only to things that are susceptible of gradations, such as relationship, rank, honours, age, etc. ; also applied to degrees of perfection ; vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 181 ; and in mathematics, of the degrees of a circle, etc.) :Cf., gradus also stands for “degree” of relationship ; e. g. not to stand in any degree of relationship to anybody, nullo gradu contingere alicujus domum (Suetonius, Ner., Galb., 2; whence we may form the expressions, “to be related in the second or third degree,” etc.) :to stand in a near degree of relationship to anybody, arcto propinquitatis vinculo cum aliquo conjunctum esse :to stand in a near degree of relationship to anybody on the mother’s side, a matre artissimo gradu contingere aliquem.To reach a high degree (of perfection), ad altum gradum pervenire :not yet to have reached so high a degree of wisdom, nondum pervenisse ad istum gradum sapientiæ :to bring a work to the highest degree of perfection, operi fastigium imponere. Cf., “In a high degree” is mostly translated by summus, etc., without gradus ; e. g., you possess that faculty in a high degree, ea facultas in te summa est :those faculties have been granted to you in a less degree, tibi ea minora data sunt (Cicero Or., 1, 29, 132) :to possess anything in a higher degree, aliquid majus habere ( vid. Cicero, N. D., 2, 31, 79) :to possess anything in a very high degree, aliquid in te summum est ; aliqua re cumulatum esse.When ” degree” means a quality, it is expressed in Latin, not by gradus, but by some other turn of expression ; e. g., a slight degree of cold, frigus leve :a high degree of cold, frigus immodicum :an intolerable degree of cold, frigus intolerable. To have reached the highest degree, venisse ad summum (e. g., of anybody’s glory) :in a high degree, valde; magnopere :in a higher degree, magis :in the highest degree, maximopere; summopere :in an equal degree, æque ; pariter :to love in the same degree, pares in amore esse et æquales :in the same degree as, ita … ut (Cicero, Off., 1, 15, extr.); quantum … tantum (Plinius, Ep., 2, 1, 7) :to such a degree of boldness, eo audaciæ :to such a degree that, etc., usque eo or adeo … ut, etc. || Class, classis (the proper word) :ordo (degree or rank) :men of the lowest degree, hominis infimi ordinis or generis :people of all degrees, omnium ordinum homines :of the same degree, ejusdem ordinis homines. || By degrees, paullatim (gradually) :sensim (by imperceptible degrees, opposed to subito or repente) :pedetentim
; gradatim (step by step, pedetentim opposed to curru, equo, etc. : gradatim opposed to concitato gradu) :sensim et paullatim ; sensim et pedetentim ; pedetentim et gradatim :minutatim (in separate small portions; e. g., to retreat, etc.-) (Cf., the combination so frequent in modern Latin, sensim sensimque is false Latin) :a hill rising by gentle degrees, collis molliter assurgens; also leniter editus, placide or leniter acclivis (opposed to leniter declivis) :a chain of mountains, ascending by gentle degrees, molle et clementer editum montis jugum :to go forward by degrees, placide progredi :to go backward by degrees, paullatim labi. || An academical degree, * gradus honoris academici or dignitatis academicæ. DEHORT, Vid. To DISSUADE; and for its derivatives, vid. the corresponding derivatives of DISSUADE. DEIFICATION, apotheosis ( ἀποθέωσις , Eccl.) ; pure Latin consecratio (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 2, extr.).
DEIFY, aliquem ex homine deum facere (to make anybody a god) :aliquem in cœlum tollere (to raise anybody to heaven) :aliquem inter deos, or in deorum numerum referre ; aliquem in deorum numero collocare (to place anybody amongst the gods) :deorum numero consecrare ; or merely consecrare (to deify a man, beast, or thing) :aliquem ut deum colere (to deify or worship as a god) :deorum honores alicui tribuere (to deify or pay divine honors to anybody) :ad cœlum or ad astra tollere :laudes alicujus in astra tollere ; aliquem ad cœlum laudibus efferre (figuratively to extol him to the skies).
DEIGN, || To condescend or vouchsafe, velle :non gravari (with accusative and infinitive) : he has deigned, ipsi placuit, collibuit, or visum est. Deign to, etc., rogo, ut ne graveris, etc. (Cicero, with infinitive) :often by circumlocution with dignum habere, ducere or judicare aliquem aliqua re, or qui, followed by a subjunctive ( Cf., only the poets and writers of the Silver Age say dignari aliquem aliqua, re) :to deign to have intercourse with anybody, aliquem congressione dignum judicare ; aliquem dignum judicare, quicum congrediar :to deign to speak to anybody, aliquem sermone dignum judicare (Cicero) :to deign to converse with anybody, * dignum habere aliquem , quicum colloquamur or sermonem conferamus :to deign to invite anybody to dinner, aliquem dignum honore cœnse habere (Suetonius,Vesp., 2, extr., says dignari aliquem honore cœnæ) :not to deign to look at anybody, aliquem oculis fugere ; * aliquem ne aspectu quidem dignum habere. || TR., (obsolate) dignum habere, ducere, judicare aliquem aliqua re. DEISM, * deismus. DEIST, * deista or * qui ita deum esse concedit, ut Christianorum deum non agnoscat ; or * qui deum quidem esse concedit, sed fictum et commenticium ; or qui ita deum esse concedit, ut in ejus opinione turpissime labatur (cf. Cicero, N. D., 1, 29).
DEITY, Deus (God) :numen divinum (the divine power, etc.,) :divinitas :natura divina (the nature and essence of God) :[Cf., Deitas quite late; Augustin.] Vid. GOD, GODHEAD. DEJECT, deprimere; opprimere (properly and figuratively) :frangere (figuratively to make spiritless, opposed to erigere ; vid. Bremi, Nepos, Them., 1, 3) :to be dejected by the consciousness of one’s crimes, conscientia scelerum opprimi :alicujus animum or aliquem frangere (opposed to alicujus animum excitare, or aliquem erigere) :alicujus animum infringere, or affligere, or percellere. ” With dejected face;” circumlocution with dejicere vultum or oculos (e. g., dejecit vultum et submissa voce locuta est, Vergilius) :dejectus vultum (Statius).
DEJECTED, humilis ; demissus ; humilis atque demissus (faint-hearted) :abjectus or abjectior ; afflictus ; fractus ; demissus fractusque ; fractus et demissus ; jacens (dejected, or broken in spirit) :perculsus; profligatus (deeply dejected) ; perculsus et abjectus :tristis : a spe alienus (void of all hope; all these epithets are applied to men, and the state of their minds).Cf., Dejectus, in this sense, belongs to poetry and post-classical prose [rare] ; haud dejectus equum duci jubet; dejecti et infracti, Quintilianus :somewhat dejected, subtristis :grievously dejected, gravissime afflictus :to be dejected, animo esse demisso, or humili atque demisso, or abjecto, or fracto, etc. ; animo dencere ; animo cecidisse; esse perculso et abjecto animo; jacere (vid. Cicero, Tusc., 3, 17, in.; quid jaces? quid mœres?) :to become dejected, animo demitti, or se demittere; animum demittere or contrahere; animum contrahere et demittere ; animum abjicere ; animum despondere :to be dejected by no danger, nulli periculo animum submittere. DEJECTEDLY, humili animo; demisse; demisso animo ; humili atque demisso animo (dejectedly, or faint-heartedly) :abjecte ; abjecto, or fracto, or afflicto animo ; demisso fractoque animo (with a broken spirit) :tristi animo (sadly).
DEJECTEDNESS, DEJECTION, animi demissio, contractio, or infractio ; animus demissus : animi debilitatio et abjectio (Cicero) :recessus quidam animi et fuga :animus a spe alienus. Sometimes tristitia : animus abjectus, afflictus, debilitatus, or jacens :don’t let him see your dejection, cave te tristem esse sentiat (Terentianus, Andr., 2, 3, 29) :to rouse anybody from his dejection, animum alicujus jacentem excitare. DELACERATION, Vid. DILACERATION. DELACTATION, Vid. WEANING. DELATE, || Convey; vid. || Accuse; vid. DELATION, || Conveyance; vid. || Accusation; vid. DELATOR, Vid. ACCUSER. DELAY, TR., || Put off; vid. DEFER. || To delay or hinder from going on, morari; remorari ; moram facere alicui rei; moram afferre alicui or alicui rei; moram et tarditatem afferre alicui rei (to cause delay in anything) :tardare retardare (to delay or retard anything ; e. g., the pursuit of the enemy, etc.) :to delay anybody (i. e., prevent his setting out on a journey), profecturum detinere; alicujus profectionem tardare :anybody on his journey, retardare aliquem in via; remorari alicujus iter :unless he has been deluged (on his road), nisi quid impedimenti in via passus est (Cicero) :to delay anybody in pursuit of the enemy, tardare aliquem ad insequendum hostem (of a bog, which lay in the way) :the attack of the enemy, morari, tardare, or retardare hostium impetum :to be delayed by anything, tardari aliqua re :I am delayed by the winds, ventis detineor in loco ; venti me tardant. DELAY, INTR., or ABSOL. To linger, loiter, be slow, cessare (to delay from laziness when a task is to be performed :absolutely, or with infinitive; also in aliqua, re and sometimes ad aliquid ; e. g., ad arma, and poetically in aliquid ; in vota precesque, Vergilius) :cunctari (to delay doing anything from irresolution; seldom with infinitive [e. g., profiteri, Cicero ] or relative clause [quid faciatis, Sallustius] ) :morari; moram facere (to delay when anybody ought to be getting on ; morari may be followed by infinitive) :tardare (from ennui or want of will) :tergiversari (to seek an escape from the necessity of doing or saying what one dislikes). (The words are found in this connection and order.) cunctari et tergiversari (with ut, ne, Cicero) :hæsitare (to delay from not knowing what to do or say) :to delay from day to day, diem ex die ducere or prolatare. To punish those who delay, tardantes punire (of bees ; Plinius).
DELAY, s., mora :retardatio :(The words are found in this connection and order.) retardatio et mora (delay that makes one late, hinders one, etc.) :sustentatio (the being suspended, as to its execution, etc., for a time). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mora et sustentatio :commoratio (time one stops at a place) :cessatio (from laziness when work is to be done) :dilatio ; prolatio (the putting off) :procrastinatio (delay from one day to another) :tarditas (slowness).(The words are found in this connection and order.) tarditas et procrastinatio (Cicero) :cunctatio (delay from irresolution) :to grant delay, dare dilationem :to grant a few days’ delay (with reference to payment), paucos dies ad solvendum alicui prorogare :to ask for delay, petere dilationem :to admit of delay, habere aliquam moram et sustentationem (opposed to necessity of being done at once, statim) :to endure no delay, dilationem non pati; dilationem non pati or recipere ; cunctationem non recipere :without delay, sine dilatione; sine mora; nulla interposita mora : protinus : statim, continuo (immediately) :abjecta omni cunctatione (without any delay from irresolution) :to do anything without delay, repræsentare aliquid (especially of a payment ; but also of other actions) :it is no time for delay, nulla mora est maturato opus est :to cause delay, tarditatem or moram et tarditatem afferre (alicui rei) ; impedimentum afferre (alicui rei, Tacitus); moram atque impedimentum (alicui rei) inferre (Cicero) ; (alicui rei) moram facere, afferre, inferre, objicere. DELAYER, cunctator (a delayeer or irresolute person) :cessator (delayer, or person who sits with his hands before him when he has work to do) :cunctans ; cunctabundus ; cessans :if a female, mulier cunctans ; mulier cessans :a terrible delayer, lentum sane negotium (Cicero).
DELECTABLE, Vid. DELIGHTFUL. DELECTABLENESS, DELECTATION, delectatio :oblectatio :Vid. DELIGHT. DELEGATE, || Send with power to transact business, legare ; allegare (to delegate or depute) :legatum mittere (to delegate or send as an ambassador, especially in affairs of state) :mandata alicui dare (to give him a commission).Cf., It would be wrong to employ amandare and ablegare in this sense (as is frequently done in modern Latin); those words mean ” to send anybody away under a pretext, in order to get rid of him “: to delegate anybody to do anything, alicui mandare, ut, etc. ; negotium alicui dare, ut, etc. :to be delegated to do anything, jussus sum facere aliquid :to delegate with full power, alicui alicujus rei
faciendæ licentiam dare or permittere (cf. Cicero, Verr., 3, 94, 220 ; Sallustius, Jug., 103, 2) :liberum alicujus rei arbitrium alicui permittere (Livius 32, 37) :to be delegated by anybody, mandata habere ab aliquo ; alicujus nomine, or aliquo auctore facere aliquid (to do anything in consequence of being delegated by anybody). || To deliver or entrust anything to the care of another on whom one confers authority to manage it, etc., mandare alicui aliquid (commission him to do it ; e. g., negotium) :demandare alicui aliquid (give it up entirely to another, so as to think no more about it one’s self; e. g., funeris curam ; helium) :delegare alicui aliquid (to shove off upon another what one should do one’s self; e. g., curam alicujus rei alicui ; officium alicui).
DELEGATE, s., legatus ; cui rerum agendarum licentia data or permissa est (delegate with full powers ; cf. Cicero,Verr., 3, 94, 220 ; Sallustius, Jug., 103, 2) :qui mandata habet ab aliquo (commissioned) :* publica auctoritate missus ; also merely legatus (a delegate with authority from the slate. Cf., Here ablegatus would be false Latin) :delegates come from Sicily, Siculi veniunt cum mandatis. DELEGATION, delegatio (Cicero; but in the sense of assigning a debt to another ; in the usual sense of ” delegation,” Seneca :delegationem ista res non recipit, that ” cannot be performed by delegation ;” i. e., must be done by one’s self) :mandatus, us (but only in the ablative, Cicero; cujus emptorem istum demonstravi fuisse mandatu Cæsenniæ, Cœcilius, 7, 19) :res mandata (the affair delegated; Cicero) :potestas aliquid faciendi ; auctoritas, etc. will sometimes help, or procuratio negotii, muneris, etc. (management of an affair, office, committed to a person) :by delegation from the Senate, auctoritate senatus. || Body of delegates, allegati (Cicero, Qu., Fr., 2, 3, 5 ; Cluent., 13, 39) :delecti. apocleti (chosen counsellors, etc.; a more select committee, etc., Livius) :legatio (an embassy).
DELETE, Vid. To BLOT OUT. DELETERIOUS, perniciosus; exitiosus; exitialis (the first of an injurious ; the two next, of a destructive nature) :nocens, noxius, nociturus (hurtful; deleterious substances, ea, quæ nocitura videntur) :veneno imbutus, or infectus, or tinctus. tabidus :tabificus (e. g., venenum, etc., causing substances to waste away, etc.) :virulentus (imbued with poison ; or of a poisonous nature) :who does not know that this substance is of a deleterious nature? quis non intelligit hanc rem nocere? to be deleterious, nocere ; nociturum esse. DELETERIOUSNESS, vis nocendi. DELETION, Vid. ERASURE. DELF, || Mine; fodina (a mine). [Vid. MINE.]|| Earthen-ware, fictilia in lapidis duritiem efficta, noun plural (delft-ware.) Vid. EARTHEN-WARE. DELIBERATE, v. deliberare (to weigh, as it were, in a balance; about or on a subject, de aliqua re; also with utrum – an; with anybody, cum aliquo; also used absolutely) :expendere ; perpendgre ; pensitare : ponderare ; examinare (to examine and weigh the reasons for and against anything) :considerare, especially with cum animo, or in animo, or secum (to take anything into consideration, in order to make one’s choice, or come to a decision) :reputare (to calculate in the mind what will be the probable result of anything, especially with secum, animo, or cum animo) :agitare mente, or animo, or in mente, or cum animo (to sift anything in one’s mind; to think it over repeatedly) :volutare, in one’s mind, secum animo, in animo :or with anybody, cum aliquo ; with one’s friends, cum amicis volutare : volvere animo or secum ; versare secum in animo (to turn every way in one’s mind :this expression never occurs in Cicero, but frequently in Livy, and Sallust) :maturely, multa secum reputare de re; etiam atque etiam reputare, quid, etc. ; videre etiam atque etiam et considerare, quid, etc. (e. g., what is to be done, quid agendum) ; most carefully and maturely, omnia diligenter circumspicere ; omnia ratione animoque lustrare ; secum in animo versare unamquamque rem :after I had maturely deliberated, and weighed every particular, circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis ; the reasons on both sides, omnes in utraque parte calculos ponere :to deliberate upon or examine anything most accurately, exactissimo judicio examinare aliquid. || To deliberate or take counsel with others, deliberare or consultare cum aliquo ; aliquem adhibere in consilium, or ad deliberationes :to meet in order to deliberate, in deliberationem, or in consultationem venire : in order to deliberate, consiliandi causa :it is a thing upon which one must deliberate, consilii res est ; res in deliberationem cadit. DELIBERATE, deliberatus (adopted as a fixed purpose, after deliberation ; e. g., mors, Horatius, poetically in this sense) :consideratus (maturely weighed ; e. g., judicium mentis, Cicero, ; also improperly, of persons who act with deliberation) :(The words are found in this connection and order.) (of things) consideratus ac provisus (e. g., via vivendi, Cicero) ; consideratus ac diligens (e. g., excogitatio faciendi aliquid) :circumspectus (e. g., judicium; moderatio animi ; perhaps not pre-Augustan, Freund ; also, improperly, of persons) :meditatus or meditatus et præparatus (e. g., ea [ = those injuries] quæ meditata et præparata inferuntur, Cicero, Off., 1, 8, 27) :cogitatus (e. g., facinus).(The words are found in this connection and order.) meditatus et cogitatus (e. g., a crime, scelus, Cicero) :or diu consideratus et multo ante meditatus (Cicero) :It is my deliberate resolution, certum ac deliberatum est ; deliberatum et constitutum est ; habeo statutum cum animo ac deliberatum (with infinitive ; all Cicero) :he had no more deliberate purpose, than, etc., neque illi quicquam deliberatius fuit, quam, etc. :to take anything into more deliberate consideration, consideratius consulere alicui rei (Cicero) :a deliberate opinion ( = decision of the mind) or resolution, consideratum judicium mentis (Cicero) :a deliberate resolve (of a moral nature), quædam inductio animi ac voluntas (Cicero, ad Quintilianus, Fr., 1, 11) :not by any deliberate and wise choice, but by a sudden impulse, non delectu aliquo aut sapientia, sed impetu et quadam temeritate (e. g., duci, Cicero).Cf., “Deliberate” may often be translated by (“deliberately”) prudens sciensque or sciens only; e. g., to utter a deliberate calumny, calumniari sciens.
DELIBERATELY, considerate (opposed to inconsiderate) caute (opposed to incaute) :circumspecte (opposed to temere et nullo consilio) :consulto ( Cf., consulte is pre- and post-classical) ; cogitato, or cogitate ; consilio ; judicio (opposed to inconsiderate; inconsulto, or inconsulte; sine consilio ; sine judicio) ; caute or circumspectius (opposed to incaute; temere; imprudenter; temere atque imprudenter) :de industria : data or dedita opera (of deliberate purpose) :voluntate et judicio (Cicero, Tusc., 3, 28, 66; by a deliberate act of the will) :to do anything deliberately, consulto et cogitatum facio aliquid ; aliquid prudens sciensque facio :a method deliberately chosen, deliberata ac provisa via (e. g., vivendi, Cicero) :a word deliberately chosen, verbum meditatum, cogitatum (Cicero) ; a wrong deliberately committed, injuria, quæ consulto et cogitata fit (Cicero), or quæ meditata et præparata infertur (Cicero). || Slowly (vid.), lente :cunctanter ; not deliberately and wisely, non delectu aliquo aut sapientia (Cicero).
DELIBERATENESS, Sometimes consideratio :cautio : circumspectio :prudentia (caution, etc.) :Cf., considerantia, only Vitruvius, 6, 1. DELIBERATION, deliberatio :consultatio :(The words are found in this connection and order.) deliberatio et consultatio :consideratio :reputatio [SYN. of verbs in To DELIBERATE] :the affair requires deliberation, habet res deliberationem; ea res venit or cadit in deliberationem (Cicero) :to have time for deliberation, spatium deliberandi habere (Cicero) :which requires further deliberation, quod majoris consilii est (Cicero) :time for deliberation, deliberandi or consultandi spatium :to demand or ask for time for deliberation, tempus ad deliberandum or deliberandi causa sibi postulare :to ask a single day for deliberation, deliberandi sibi unum diem postulare :to take time for deliberation, consultandi or deliberandi spatium sumere :after mature deliberation, re consults et explorata; inita subductaque ratione ; circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis ; re deliberate (Cæsar) :to weigh a point with the most careful deliberation, exactissimo judicio examinare aliquid :without anything of due care and deliberation, temere et nullo consilio :temere ac nulla ratione :to speak and act with deliberation, circumspicere dicta factaque : to act with great deliberation, circumspectius facere aliquid. [Vid., also, DELIBERATELY.] If = HESITATION or SLOWNESS, vid. those words. DELIBERATIVE, deliberativus :A deliberative body (publicum) consilium :the president of a deliberative assembly (publicorum) consiliorum moderator. DELICACY, || Softness, fineness (properly and improperly), mollitia :mollities :mollitudo (softness) :teneritas (tenderness). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mollities et teneritas : tenuitas (thinness, fineness ; e. g., of limbs, lines, and improperly of style) :subtilitas (fineness ; e. g., of lines, of the touches of a graving tool, etc., post-Augustan in this sense; classical in the sense of acuteness, refined accuracy of style, etc.) :elegantia (refinement and taste in selection): venustas (loveliness) :Dicacy of feeling, mollitudo humanitatis (Cicero) ; verecundia (Cicero, Quintilianus, Fr., 3, 1, 3) :natural delicacy, mollitia naturæ (natural susceptibility) :naturale tenerum quiddam atque molle.Attic delicacy (of style), ea subtilitas, quam Atticam vocant :from delicacy (of feeling),
verecundia, pudore :an absurd or exaggerated delicacy of taste, fastidium delicatum or insolens :delicacy of ear, or of taste (with reference to style), aures teretes et religiosæ ; aures teretes, intelligensque judicium (Cicero); delicatæ aures (Quintilianus 3, 1, 3; the last implying something of over-fastidiousness) :a person of extreme delicacy of taste, homo in omni judicio elegantissimus (Cicero). || Weakness; e. g., of health, imbecillitas or infirmitas valetudinis :valetudo infirma :* infirma corporis constitutio (natural delicacy of constitution ; after firma corporis constitutio, Cicero). || A delicacy, cibus lautus or suavissimus (vid. a DAINTY).Delicacies, cibi exquisitissimi or suavissimi ; cibi delicatiores. cupedia, plural, or cupediæ (al.cuppediæ). || Niceness and tact in action; mostly by difficultas or difficilis referred to the thing :to be a matter of great delicacy, magnam difficultatem habere :of great delicacy, difficilis (Cicero) ; lubricus or anceps et lubricus (Plinius, cf. Ep., 1, 86).With delicacy, delicate (post-Augustan; e. g., delicatius tractare iracundos, Seneca, ; with gentleness, tact, etc.).
DELICATE, (A) Of persons; (a) tender, soft, tener :mollis : delicatus (mostly in a bad sense; over-nice, luxurious) :(b) not easily satisfied, delicati fastidii (fastidious, whether in eating, or in any other respect) :* subtilis palati (nice in his eating, cf. Horatius, Sat., 2, a, 38) :lautitiarum studiosus :(c) Weak, imbecillus : infirmus (vid. under B) :(B) Of things; (a) Agreeable, suavis (agreeable to the taste) :delicatus (mostly in a bad sense, of what is too luxurious) :(b) Soft, fine, etc. (properly, and improperly) :tener (tender) :mollis (soft). (The words are found in this connection and order.) tener et mollis : tenuis (fine, thin) :subtilis (acute; of judgement, taste, etc.) :teres, fastidiosus (of delicate taste in style, etc.; fastidiosus, mostly of what is over-delicate) :elegans (easily distinguishing differences ; therefore, nice in selection, etc) :Delicate feeling, verecundia.A delicate ear, aures teretes, elegantes [vid. DELICACY] :a delicate taste, judicium subtile :a person of the most delicate taste, homo in omni judicio elegantissimus (Cicero) :(c) Difficult to manage, difficilis :lubricus :anceps et lubricus (cf. Plinius, Ep., 1, 8, 6). || Weak (in health), imbecillus : infirmus : parum firmus.Delicate health, tenuis valetudo (Cicero) : valetudo imbecilla or infirma :to be in delicate health, tenui esse valetudine : imbecilliorem esse valetudine :in very delicate health, tenui, aut nulla potius esse valetudine. || Endowed with quickness of feeling, * facile sentiens.The eye is a very delicate organ, oculi facillime læduntur. DELICATELY, Tenderly, softly, tenere or tenerius (post-Augustan) :molliter : delicate.(The words are found in this connection and order.) molliter et delicate ; delicate ac molliter :to live delicately, molliter se curare (Terentianus) ; delicate ac molliter vivere (Cicero). I have brought you up too delicately, nimium te habui delicatum (Plautus). || Finely, elegantly, exquisite :mirabili opere (Cicero) :eleganter : subtiliter. SYN. of adjectives under DELICATE. DELICIOUS, suavissimus :dulcissimus :jucundissimus : pergratus; jucundus; perjucundus; delectabilis (post-Augustan, e. g., avus, Tacitus) :mirifica, suavitate (Cicero; of a villa) :to be very delicious., habere multum suavitatis; suavitate refertum esse :to be exquisitely delicious, sensus titillare or fovere, or voluptate permulcere :to be of a delicious taste, jucunde sapere :to give a delicious taste or flavour to anything, suavitatem facere alicui rei; condire aliquid. DELICIOUSLY, jucunde ; perjucunde ; suaviter ; amœne, or amœniter. DELICIOUSNESS, dulcedo, dulcitudo (the first as a momentary sensation ; the last as a quality) :suavitas (e. g., cibi ; odorum) :jucunditas ; jucunditas et suavitas : deliciæ (the delights; alicujus rei) :amœnitas (especially of visible objects ; countries, villas, gardens, etc.).
DELIGHT, delectatio (real positive pleasure or enjoyment).(The words are found in this connection and order.) delectatio jucunditasque ; suavitas et delectatio ; delectatio et voluptas : oblectatio (relative pleasure, from conversation, amusement, etc.) :delectamentum (rare; Cicero, Pis., 25, 60; inania sunt ista delectamenta pæne puerorum) :deliciæ (objectively ; as conferring delight) :oblectamentum (that which amuses; with genitive of object or subject ; e. g., senectutis ; rerum rusticarum) :amœnitas (beauty of country, etc., amœnitates orarum et litorum) :to take delight in anything, magnam voluptatem capere or percipere ex aliqua re ; aliquid in deliciis habere ; delectari aliqua re ; alicujus rei studio captum esse :to take no delight in anything, abhorrere, alienum esse ab aliqua re. Vid. PLEASURE. DELIGHT, v.,TR.,delectare (to give a high degree of positive pleasure) :oblectare (to confer a relative pleasure ; amuse, dispel wearisomeness and unpleasant feelings), lætitia afficere ; lætitia et voluptate afficere ; voluptate afficere, perfundere (to delight or fill with pleasure) :permulcere (to delight or affect with pleasurable sensations ; e. g., the ears or the hearing) :to delight the eyes with anything, pascere oculos aliqua re ; fructum capere oculis ex re (by beholding it) ; fructum capere oculis in aliqua re facienda (to find extreme pleasure in doing anything ; e. g., in alicujus corpore lacerando, Cicero, Phil., 11, 3, 8) ; dare oculis epulas (comedy) :to have one’s mind as much delighted as one’s palate, non minus animo quam ventre delectari (at a feast). || To delight one’s self, or to be delighted with anything [vid. “to DELIGHT in,” INATRANS.], se delectare; se oblectare ; delectari, oblectari aliqua re ; gaudere aliqua re ; lætari aliqua re ; voluptatem capere or percipere ex re ; gaudium, lætitiam capere ex re ; pascere animum, or merely pasci aliqua re (to delight one’s eyes with an object; e. g., a picture, pictura.) ; alicujus rei voluptate animum explere (to satiate the mind, as it were, with anything ; e. g., with a very pleasant reading, jucundissimæ lectionis).To be excessively delighted, valde gaudere ; gaudere vehementerque lætari :I am delighted, that, etc., gaudeo with accusative and infinitive, or quod, etc. in hoc delector, quod, etc. I am excessively (beyond measure, etc.) delighted, that, etc., sane gaudeo, quod, etc. ; in hoc admodum delector, quod, etc. I am (excessively) delighted to hear, that Cæsar loves you better every day, quod scribis te a Cæsare quotidie plus diligi, immortaliter gaudeo (Cicero, Ep.) :anything or anybody delights me, gratum, jucundum est mini aliquid ; probatur mihi aliquid, or aliquis ; arridet mihi aliquid ; est aliquid or aliquis in deliciis meis ; est aliquid stomachi mei (according to the vulgar saying, it is meat and drink to me) :this place delights me, * hic locus mihi arridet :delights me exceedingly, hic mihi præter omnes locus arridet (Horatius, Od., 2, 6, 13) :to be highly delighted, maxima lætitia perfusum esse ; lætitia exsultare or efferri. DELIGHT, INTR., To delight in anything, gaudere aliqua re (of the inward feeling of delight in moderation ; whether habitual or in a single instance ; e. g., æquitate : equis, pictis tabellis) :delectari aliqua re (to take pleasure in habitually ; e. g., honore, vestitu cultuque corporis, etc.) :gestire aliqua re (to feel delight one cannot conceal; to be elevated by it ; e. g., apricitate diei, Columella; otio, Livius; secundis rebus, Livius) :exsultare (to leap, as it were, for joy; to exult in : equi ferocitate exsultantes, Cicero) :lætari (to rejoice in ; e. g., equus, quo maxime lætabatur, Suetonius; also improperly, of plants, etc.,liking a particular soil ; Columella) :oblectare se in aliqua re (to amuse one’s self with a pursuit; e. g., in agri cultione, Cicero) :alicujus rei studiosum esse (to be fond of a pursuit ; e. g., venandi, Cicero) :alicujus rei studio captum esse or teneri (in the same sense).Cf., Delectari with infinitive is poetical ; e. g., delectaris bibere humanum sanguinem (Phædrus) for biben do humano sanguine. Vid. “to be delighted with,’ under To DELIGHT, TRANS. DELIGHTFUL, suavis :dulcis :jucundus (or superlative of these adjectives) :acceptus ; gratus : amcenus [SYN. in AGREEABLE] :very delightful, pergratus ; gratus acceptusque ; jucundus ; perjucundus ; oblectationis plenus (Cicero) :delightful weather, tempestas læta :a delightful life, vita amœna :to be exceedingly delightful, habere multum suavitatis, jueunditatis ; suavitate refertum esse :to be delightful to the eyes, delectare oculos; to the ears, aures mulcere or permulcere ; auribus blandiri ; to the senses, sensus titillare, fovere, voluptate permulcere.κυρικιμασαηικο DELIGHTFULLY, jucunde; perjucunde; suaviter; amœne, or amœniter. DELIGHTFULNESS, delectatio; oblectatio; deliciæ; voluptas; amœnitas [SYN. in DELIGHT]. DELINEATE, || properly, To draw the outline of anything, describere (in all the meanings of the English word) :alicujus rei primas lineas ducere (improperly, in Quintilian of the first sketch of a subject) :primis lineis designare aliquid (Quintilianus ; improperly, but both may be used properly) :exprimere imaginem alicujus rei (especially in order to give an exact representation of anything) :formam alicujus describere (to delineate the whole form) :speciem or imaginem operis alicujus deformare (Vitrvius) :delineare imaginem alicujus (post-classical, Plinius ; to draw a sketch) :exscribere imaginem alicujus (to copy) :aliquem or aliquid depingere (to delineate or depict). || Draw; paint; vid. to delineate the River Himera like a woman, both in form and dress, Himeram in muliebrem formam habitumque formare :to delineate the gods like men, deos in humani oris speciem assimilare (Tacitus). || FIG., To give a lively representation
of anything in words, dicendo effingere alicujus rei imaginem ; exponere ; exprimere (to make visible, as it were, by words, exprimere also with the addition of oratione) :adumbrare aliquid or speciem et formam alicujus rei (to shadow out, and place anything in its proper light; of painters and orators) :describere (to delineate characteristically, χαρακτηρἰζειν ) :deformare aliquem (is sometimes used in a bad sense ; vid. Cicero, Cœlius, 2, init.) :to delineate badly, male narrare rem. If there exists such a woman as I have just delineated, si qua mulier sit hujusmodi, qualem ego paullo ante descripsi (Cicero).
DELINEATION, properly, forma (of an architectural object ; cf. Cicero, Quintilianus, Fr., 2, 6, 2 ; and Vitruvius, visum est mihi formas, sive uti Græci σχήματα dicunt, duo explicare, of an illustrative figure) :deformatio (Vitrvius) :adumbratio (a slightly shaded sketch; Vitruvius, and improperly, Cicero) :designatio (the marking out ; e. g., cellarum, Vitrvius) :descriptio (e. g., volutarum, Vitruvius) :ichnographia (the first, a representation in drawing; the latter, a ground-plan or design).Sometimes figura :species : imago :to make a delineation of anything, speciem operis deformare ; imaginem or formam operis delineare (late ; Plinius) :to make a delineation of a building , imaginem operis deformare lineis.The arts of delineation, artes, quæ in effectu positæ sunt; artes effectivæ (Quintilianus 2, 18, 2 and 5).|| FIG., By words, etc., descriptio (delineation of places, characters, etc.) :designatio; imago; forma; figura; species et figura; * operis ratio :* primæ velut lineæ alicujus rei (a first sketch of it; after velut primas lineas ducere, Quintilianus) :to give a delineation of anything, alicujus rei speciem et formam adumbrare :to give a short delineation of anything, tantummodo summas attingere (opposed to res explicare, Nepos, Pel., 1, 1).
DELINQUENCY, Vid. GUILT, CRIME. DELINQUENT, nocens :maleficus :qui scelus fecit or commisit. [Cf., Not reus. Vid. CRIMINAL]. DELIQUATE, deliquare :Vid. MELT, DISSOLVE. DELIQUATION, liquatio; conflatura (of metals).
DELIQUESCE, deliquescere. DELIQUIUM, subita (animæ) defectio (Suetonius, Caligula, 50 ; fainting. Cf., animi deliquium not Latin ; animi defectus doubtful.No distinction of the kinds or degrees, such as deliquium, syncope, occur in Celsus they may be retained as technical terms).
DELIRIOUS, delirus : mente alienatus :to be delirious, mente alienatum esse (general term) :mente alienata or perturbata loqui :to become delirious, mente alienari. DELIRIUM, delirium (medical term, Celsus, 2, 8; cui calor et tremor, saluti delirium est) :mentis alienatio (general term as temporary delirium, Celsus, 4, 2, init.) .
DELIVER, || Set free, etc., liberare re or a re : exsolvere re (to set free from bonds ; properly, and figuratively from debt, anxiety, punishment, etc.) :eximere re, or ex, or de re (to release by taking out of, etc., from fear, slavery, punishment, etc., with de re when it means ” to exempt;” e. g., agrum de vectigalibus : post-Augustan, with dative) :levare re (to deliver from a weight = an unpleasant state, such as that of fear, care, trouble) :expedire ex re, re (disentangle from ; Cicero has ex laqueis, but molestia without preposition ; also ab omni occupatione ; Terentius has molestia, ærumnis, crimine, cura, but ex turba) :in libertatem vindicare (to set free, rempublicam, patriam,populum ; from anything, ex re ; e. g., ex dominatu alicujus, Cicero) :extrahere ex re (to drag out of anything) :eripere ex or a re (to snatch from anything ; the two last mean to deliver out of dangers or unpleasant states) ; from slavery, servitute liberare or excipere ; servitio eximere ; e servitute in libertatem restituere or vindicare ; servile jugum e cervicibus alicujus dejicere ; ab aliquo servitutis jugum depellere ; alicui conditionem servilem eripere; from a blockade, liberare obsidione ; eximere obsidione or ex obsidione ; from debt, ære alieno liberare or exsolvere ; from pecuniary difficulties, dimcultate pecuniarum exuere. [Vid. To FREE : and the particular substantives,TROUBLE, SORROW, CARE, etc.] || To deliver (without express mention of “fin what”).To deliver one’s country, patriam e servitute in libertatem vindicare ; patriam eripere ex hostium manibus :to deliver a prisoner, aliquem liberare custodiis, eximere vinculis :to deliver a city, urbem obsidione liberare (from a blockade). || To save, servare; conservare : salutem alicui dare ; salutis auctorem esse alicui (to deliver anybody, or save anybody’s life, or civil existence) :to deliver a city from the enemy, urbem ab hostibus recuperare (to recover it) :to deliver anybody from destruction, ab interitu vindicare or retrahere ; ab exitio ad salutem revocare ; a morte eripere, (Cicero) :to be delivered from the very jaws of death, a limine ipso mortis revocari. || To deliver (in child-birth), mulieri parienti adesse or opem ferre :to be delivered, partum edere ; parere ; of a child, partui edere infantem :to be delivered of twins, geminum partum edere (Livius 1, 4) :Cf., eniti (enisus, Livius; enixus, Quintilianus) is not found in this sense before Livius, ; e. g., 40, 4. || To hand over to anybody, tradere (to deliver anything to the care of anybody, alicui aliquid) :reddere (to deliver or restore anything received to its proper owner, alicui aliquid) :deferre (to deliver anything to the charge of anybody, aliquid ad aliquem ) :perferre (to convey anything to anybody and deliver it to him, aliquid ad aliquem : all these apply to a letter, literas; epistolam :Cf., but dare literas ad aliquem means to write to anybody).To deliver with one’s own hand, rem de manu in manum tradere.|| To DELIVER OVER; vid. DELIVER UP. || To DELIVER DOWN, tradere (by writing ; and of traditional customs, etc., consuetudo a majoribus tradita). || To DELIVER UP, dedere (general term, to anybody, alicui; to anything, ad aliquid ; to something to be suffered, alicui rei ; to something it is to serve, patriæ, libidini alicujus ; and figuratively, to a pursuit, studio, literis) :prodere (treacherously) :tradere (to hand over to; deliver over to; e. g., urbem, arma, thesaurum), etc. :cedere (to yield up a possession; currum, regnum possessionem; all, alicui) :to deliver up to be tortured, aliquem ad cruciatum dedere :to deliver anything into a person’s own hands, aliquid alicui ipsi (coram) tradere in manum (Plautus ) :to deliver up deserters, dare or reddere transfugas ; perfugas restituere (e. g., according to compact, ex fœdere) :to deliver up arms, beasts of draught, etc. (of a city to the enemy), arma proferre; jumenta producere (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 11) :to deliver anybody up to be killed, dedere aliquem ad supplicium, necem, or (Tacitus) exitium ; exhibere aliquem ad ferrum ; aliquem ad supplicium ; tradere aliquem supplicio (Suetonius,Vitell.,14) :to demand that anybody should be delivered up, exposcere aliquem (e. g., of a state, publice) :deposcere aliquem , with or without in pœnam, ad supplicium :to deliver a city up to the enemy. urbem tradere hostibus in manum ; urbem dedere ; urbis deditionem facere. || To utter, speak, etc. pronunciare (to deliver a speech) :recitare (to deliver with appropriate expression) :to deliver anything from memory, aliquid memoriter pronunciare or proferre (proferre applies to recitation before an audience) :to deliver a speech, orationem habere, agere or dicere (general terms) :concionari, concionem habere (to harangue a multitude; the people, soldiers, etc.) ; before anybody, verba facere apud aliquem ; to the people, verba facere apud populum (general term) :ad or apud populum agere (as a public accuser ; the proposer of a law, etc.) :he delivered a speech to this effect, verba ita fecit :to deliver anything verbatim, or word for word, iisdem verbis aliquid reddere :to deliver anything hi a mechanical, or sing-song manner, aliquid decantare :to deliver anybody’s message to anybody, mandata alicujus ad aliquem perferre (about anything, de aliqua re) :to deliver one’s opinion, sententiam suam promere, expromere, depromere, prodere, aperire; quid velim, or sentiam, dicere, ostendere, profiteri :by deputy, sententiam suam per alium ostendere; with freedom, libere dicere or loqui; before anybody about anything, libere aliquid profiteri apud aliquem.
DELIVERANCE, vid. DELIVERY. DELIVERER, || Preserver, servator; conservator (general terms) :salutis auctor (preserver of life and civil existence) :liberator; is qui liberat (deliverer) :vindex (deliverer or rescuer ; e. g., from danger, periculi) :Cf., salvator (for servator) belonged to the country dialect of the Romans, but sospitator is defended by Lindemann ad Vit., Duumv., p. 6 :a female deliverer, servatrix :conservatrix. || One who communicates ; by circumlocution [traditor, very late; Arnob.] :the deliverer of a message, nuntius. DELIVERY, || Act of setting free, liberatio (setting free) . || Act of bringing forth children, partus (child-birth) :Cf., enixus, late, Plinius : untimely delivery, abortio. || Act of delivering up, traditio (delivery or surrender to the enemy) :deditio (full surrender into the power and disposal of the enemy) :proditio (when accompanied with treachery). || Manner in which anybody delivers himself (= speaks), genus dicendi ; dictio (especially the manner of expressing thoughts by speech) :actio (rhetorical delivery in reference to the proper modulation of the voice, the holding and motions of the body, especially in the representation of a theatrical piece) :pronunciatio (including both speech and action, as far as the expression of the thoughts is concerned) :elocutio (rhetorical delivery with reference to pronunciation, diction, and style, φράσις ) :a popular delivery, popularis dictio :a delivery full of life or
spirit, actio plena animi or spiritus :a good delivery, facilis et profluens in dicendo celeritas (of the readiness with which words are found; the absence of hesitation, etc.) :to have a good delivery , bene or commode dicere :a fluent or ready delivery, facilem esse in dicendo ; facilem et expeditum esse ad dicendum. DELL, vallis : convallis ( = “planities ex omni parte comprehensa montibus collibusve,” Fest.).
DELTA, Delta (æ, or indeclinable neuter).Also of “the Delta” in Egypt (Auct., Bell. Alex., 27 ; Plinius, etc.).
DELUDE, Vid. DECEIVE, DISAPPOINT. DELUDER, Vid. DECEIVER. DELUGE, s., properly, [Vid. FLOOD.] || FIG., magna vis alicujus rei ; * superfusa alicujus rei copia (cf. Quintilianus, 1, 2, 28; but not in this sense) ; or by participle superfusus.A deluge of enemies, hostes superfusi ; of the Albanian race, Albani gens superfusa (e. g., montibus Caucasiis, Plinius).
DELUGE, v., inundare (properly, and figuratively) :Cf., irrigare, in this sense, is poetical in Livius, 7, 3 : superfundi (with dative, properly and figuratively : in figurative sense also, superfundere se with dative or accusative with in ; e. g., causa superfundendi se Italiæ ; superfudit deinde se in Asiam.Tacitus joins nube ipsa operire ac superfundere, of overwhelming troops irresistibly ; Hist., 3, 2, fin.).The Tiber deluged the fields, Tiberis agros inundavit ; continued rain deluging the whole country, imbres continui campis omnibus inundantes (Livius, 8, 24) :the Cimbri deluged Italy, Cimbri Italiam inundabant (Justinus, 38, 4, 15) :that the Thracians and Illyrians would deluge Macedonia, Thraces et Illyrios in Macedoniam se effusuros (Livius, 38, 12) :to deluge Europe with his armies, Europam inundare exercitibus. DELUSION, || Act of deluding ; [vid. DECEPTION]. || Delusive representation ; false notion, etc., opinio falsa : error : vana spes (delusive hope) :a pleasant delusion, error felicissimus or gratissimus :to be under a happy delusion, errore ielicissimo duci :an optical delusion, mendacium oculorum (a false report made by the sense of sight) :ludibrium oculorum (Curtius) :superstition, a delusion, by which the human mind is enslaved, mentium humanarum ludibrium superstitio (Livius) :to make anybody believe a delusion, in fraudem aliquem impellere. DELUSIVE, falsus :fallax. (The words are found in this connection and order.) falsus atque fallax :vanus (empty).A delusive hope, fallax spes ; spes falsa atque fallax :a delusive image of anything, falsa imitatio simulatioque alicujus rei. DELUSIVELY, fraudulenter ; fallaciter ; dolose; per dolum (fraudulently) :simulate :to act delusively, dolose, mala fide, fallaciter, simulate, etc. agere. DELVE, Vid. To DIG ; and for figurative meaning, To FATHOM. DELVE, s.,Vid. PIT, DITCH, etc. DELVER, Vid. DIGGER. DEMAGOGUE, coucionator (Cicero, Cato, 5, 5, 9 ; an haranguer of the people) :homo popularis ac turbulentus (Cicero) :homo seditiosus; seditionum auctor; homo evertendarum rerum cupidus ; homo rerum novarum (or commutandarum) or rerum mutationis cupidus ; princeps novandarum rerum ; rerum novarum molitor (an innovator, a man of revolutionary principles ; Suetonius, Domit., 10) :turbator plebis, or vulgi (an agitator); to be a demagogue, popularem hominem esse ac turbulentum ; rebus novis studere; res novas quærere, agere, moliri; novis consiliis rem publicam turbare :to play the demagogue, populariter agere :the spirit of a demagogue, * ingenium ad res novandas proclive. DEMAND, v. || Claim, poscere : deposcere; exposcere : postulare ; expostulare : flagitare ; efflagitare :petere ; expetere :(The words are found in this connection and order.) deposcere atque expetere [SYN. in CLAIM] : exigere (to demand the payment of a debt) :to demand anything of or from anybody, rem ab aliquo petere, postulare, poscere ; (as a due) rem exigere ab aliquo :to demand for or on behalf of anybody, petere pro altero (Cicero) :petere alteri (Vergilius) :to demand by letter, per literas flagitare :to have a right to demand, jure quodam suo postulare posse :justam postulandi causam habere. || To demand so much (for goods, etc.), poscere (e. g., quanti poscit – tanti, etc., Plautus ) :indicare (opposed to promittere, to offer : to demand 100 sesterces, indicare centum numis). || Require, as needed, poscere :postulare [vid. REQUIRE, NEED] : the time demands anything, tempus poscit :when circumstances shall demand, quum res postulabit :what both time and circumstances demand, quæ tempus et necessitas flagitat :when necessity demands it, quum necessitas postulat :truth demands, veritas clamat :my interest demands it, ita ferunt rationes nostræ :do what your honour and the public interests demand, fac ex tua dignitate et e republica (Cicero) :necessity demands it, id postulat necessitas (Cicero) ; id poscit usus (Cæsar) :it demands prudence, est prudentis :friendship demands, est amici :those subjects demand a long discourse, multi sermonis sunt ista. DEMAND, s. || Claim, preces (demands or solicitations) :postulatio (act of claiming; claim. It has no plural in good prose, except in sense of ” an expiatory sacrifice”) :postulatum (thing demanded) :at anybody’s demand, aliquo petente ; postulante :what is your demand? quid est, quod me velis? quid vis faciam? to refuse anybody’s demand, alicui petenti negare :a demand not to be put up with, postulatum intolerabile :a shameless demand, postulatio impudens :very fair or moderate demands, postulata lenissima :a just demand, æqua et honesta postulatio :to resist a demand, postulationi alicujus resistere (Cicero) :to comply with a demand, postulationi alicujus concedere ; postulata facere (Nepos) :to take anybody’s demands into consideration, de postulatis alicujus cognoscere (Cæsar, B. G., 4, 11) :to make an unjust demand, iniquum postulare :I grant anybody’s demand, quod qs postulat, concedo :not to comply with a demand for anything, postulationem alicujus rei abjicere :an urgent demand, flagitatio; efflagitatio :an unseasonable demand, efflagitatio intempestiva. || The inquiring the price of anything; there is a great demand for anything ( = it has a large sale), aliquid a multis expetitur.To be in demand, facile vendi ; facile emtorem reperire (Plautus, Pæn., 1, 2, 128).Goods that are in demand, merces vendibiles. || Claim for payment ; to pay anything on demand, pecuniam repræsentare ; pecuniam præsentem solvere (to anybody, alicui).The bill is payable on demand, pecunia ex syngrapha statim solvenda est ; * pecunia ex syngrapha repræsentanda est.I will give you a bill on such a person, payable on demand : pecuniam ab aliquo [qui mihi debet] repræsentabo (Cicero, Att., 12, 25).I will give you a bill on Faberius, payable on demand, pecuniam a Faberio repræsentabimus (Cicero, Att., 12, 25).To make no further demand, amplius non petere :to give a security that no further demands will be made, satisdare amplius eo nomine non peti (a technical form of Roman law, Cicero, Fam., 13, 28). || Legal claim, jus (a demand or right) :petitio (an action in a court of justice to establish a claim) :vindiciæ (a judicial claim to anything or person) :an unjust demand or claim, injustæ vindiciæ :the suit or process for establishing a demand, lis vindiciarum :to make a demand of anything, rem sibi vindicare, or ad se (whether in a court of justice, or otherwise) :to enforce a demand against anybody, expetere jus a aliquo. Vid. CLAIM. s. DEMANDANT, postulator : flagitator (an urgent demandant) :accusator; actor; actor accusatorque (especially in a criminal process) :petitor ; qui petit (in a civil process with regard to meum and tuum) ; if a female, accusatrix ; quæ accusat, quæ petit. DEMANDER, qui postulat; qui petit (general term for one who demands). Vid. DEMANDANT. DEMARKATION,Point of demarkation, terminus :lines of demarkation, fines et termini (order never reversed) :termini constituti : fines terminati. DEMEAN, || To demean one’s self, se gerere (with an adverb [Cf., not adjective] ; e. g., as an honest man, honeste); as anybody, also pro aliquo ; in anything, in re :to demean one’s self suitably to one’s rank, pro dignitate vivere :to demean one’s self towards anybody suitably to his rank, dignitati alicujus consulere [vid. To BEHAVE] :to demean one’s self liberally, harshly towards anybody, aliquem liberaliter habere; aspere tractare. || To act in a manner beneath one’s self, se demittere ; se submittere :se abjicere :se abjicere et prosternere ; minuere suam dignitatem :to demean one’s self to anything, prolabi ad aliquid ; se projicere in aliquid (by shedding tears, like a woman, in muliebres fletus) :descendere ad aliquid (e. g., the most violent abuse, ad gravissimas verborum contumelias).//DEMEANOR, * ratio, qua aliquis utitur adversus aliquem (demeanor in reference to others) :mores (moral or external demeanor) :vita (demeanor, or manner of living). Cf., ” Demeanor” and its adjective are often expressed together by a substantive ; thus : unassuming demeanor, modestia : courteous demeanor, humanitas (in our intercourse with others) :friendly, condescending, affable demeanor (especially towards inferiors and dependents), comitas :liberal demeanor, liberalitas :engaging demeanor, dulcedo et suavitas morum :exceedingly engaging demeanor, suavissimi mores :obliging, courteous, respectful demeanor towards others, observantia :prudent demeanor, prudentia :haughty demeanor, superbia :insolent, presumptuous demeanor, insolentia :savage, brutal demeanor, ferocitas (as a characteristic) :unseemly demeanor, impudentia :lawless demeanor, intemperantia :to assume a very different demeanor, novum gestum capere (comically) :to make anybody assume a new demeanor, alicujus mores mutare (under particular circumstances or events). || Deportment, carriage, gestus :gestus motusque : incessus (gait).
DEMENTATE, in rabiem
agere (of beasts and men, when brought into a rabid state); ad insanitatem adigere (of men when brought into a state of infatuation) efferare (to provoke into a fury) :Cf., dementare = dementire, “to be mad,” is a doubtful reading, Appuleius, Apol., p. 527. DEMENTATION (= Act of making frantic); by circumlocution with in rabiem agere ; ad insanitatem adigere ; efferare, etc. DEMERIT, v. in culpa esse. DEMERIT, s.Vid. FAULT, BLAME, s. DEMI-, semi- ; sem- (before vowels) ; se- (before libra and mestris from mensis. Cf., Most of these compounds are post-Augustan) :hemi- (the Greek, ἡμι- ).
DEMI-GOD, heros (poetically semi-deus).
DEMIGRATE, Vid. EMIGRATE. DEMISE, s. || Decease; the demise of anybody, decessus alicujus ; discessus alicujus e vita ; excessus e vita ; obitus alicujus :on the day of his demise, eo ipso die, quo excessit e vita :on the evening before his demise, ad vesperum pridie quam excessit e vita : || Conveyance by lease or will, etc., locatio (by lease) :legatum (property demised) :testamentum (will) ; or circumlocution by legare, legatum scribere ; legatum habere in testamento, etc. DEMISE, v. || To lease, etc., locare :elocare. || To bequeath, legare alicui aliquid : alicui legatum scribere :to have anything demised to one, legatum habere in testamento :anything is demised to anybody, aliquis legatum habet in alicujus testamento (Petronius, 141, 2) : Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.comto demise the greatest part of his estate to anybody, aliquem heredem ex asse instituere :to demise the whole of his property to anybody, aliquem heredem omnibus bonis instituere :to demise half, the third part of his property to anybody, aliquem heredem ex dimidia parte, ex tertia parte, or ex teruncio instituere. Vid. “to LEAVE by will.”