Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com CRIMP, || Friable, Vid. || Inconsistent, vid.
CRIMP, s. ( = one who decoys and catches up recruits), * qui milites in supplementum (exercitus) scribit, cogit (general term for recruiting officer) ; * qui (homines) ad militiam illicit or inescat illicitque.
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CRIMPLE, || Contract , vid. || Curl , vid.
CRIMSON, (α) || Adjective, coccineus :malochinus.(β) || Substantive, color coccineus, malochinus.
CRINGE, || To contract ,vid. || To bow or fawn, se submittere :adulari aliquem (seldom and never in Cicero, alicui) :demittere se or demitti in adulationem (Tacitus). A cringing fellow, homo summissus et abjectus ; homo in adulationem demissus :a cringing, servile fellow, homo usque ad servilem patientiam demissus (Tacitus) :with a cringing manner and whining voice, demisso vultu, voce supplici.In a cringing manner, demisse, subjecte :demississime atque subjectissime (Cæsar). CRINGER, Vid. under To CRINGE.
CRINIGEROUS, vid. HAIRY.
CRIPPLE, s., homo debilis (weak; the part being added ; e. g., coxa, manibus pedibusque) :claudus (lame) :mancus (especially with reference to the right hand) :homo mancus et omnibus membris captus ac debilis (with reference to all his limbs and extreme infirmity) :homo mancus ac debilis (with reference to the right hand and general infirmity) :homo claudus ac debilis (with reference to the feet and general infirmity) :homo omnibus membris extortus et fractus (with all his limbs contracted) :homo pravus et extortus (bent and crippled) :To become a cripple, mancum et debilem or claudum ac debilem fieri :to make anybody a cripple ; vid. To CRIPPLE.
CRIPPLE, v., aliquem claudum, mancum or debilem facere [SYN. in CRIPPLE] :mancum ac debilem or claudum ac debilem facere : aliquem omnibus membris debilem facere (after Seneca, Ep., 101, 11) :clauditatem or claudicationem afferre (to lame). || FIG., debilitare (to weaken) :accidere (by curtailment, etc. ; e. g., accisæ res hostium, their power was crippled) :frangere (to break down; courage, strength, etc.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) frangere et comprimere, frangere et debilitare : delumbare (deprive of nerve, spirit, etc. ; e. g., the expression of a thought. sententiam). CRISIS, || Decisive or turning-point of affairs, discrimen (general term) :momentum (the point at which a matter is decided, ῥοπή ).A crisis of affairs, inclinatio temporis, rerum, etc. (the change effected by a crisis). In this alarming crisis of our affairs, in ipso discrimine periculi (Livius); in extremo discrimine ac dimicatione fortunæ (Cicero) :to be brought to a crisis, (summum) in periculum ac discrimen vocari or venire (of a thing; salus alicujus, Cicero) :the crisis of our affairs is come, in summo res est discrimine (Cæsar) :when the crisis comes, quum in discrimen ventum est ; quum ultimi discriminis tempus adventat :the crisis is over, discrimen sublatum est. [Vid. CRITICAL (state)]. || In medicine , the height of a disorder, when a favorable or unfavorable turn may be expected, dies potens, gravis or quo de ægro judicatur (Celsus; crisis occurs Seneca, Ep., 83; eamdem [cum aliquo] crisim habere) :dies crisimus (Cœlius, Aur. Tard. ; these expressions = the critical day) :[morbi] accessio, quam criticam medici vocant (Aug. Confess., 6, 1, extr., of its occurrence).Vid. CRITICAL (day). CRISP, adjective || Curled, crispus (opposed to rectus or directus ; i. e., straight, plain ; properly, of hair, also of leaves, etc.) :rather crisp, subcrispus ; crispulus ; also leniter inflexus :to render or make crisp, crispare :concrispare. || Brittle, friable, vid.:friabilis (that may be reduced to powder or dust by rubbing, Plinius). CRISP, v. crispare :concrispare. Vid. To CURL.
CRISPATION, crispitudo (very late, Arnob.).Vid. * CURLING.
CRISPING-IRON, or
CRISP1NG-PIN, Vid. CURLING-IRONS.
CRISPNESS, circumlocution :crispitudo (very late, Arnob.). CRISS-CROSS-ROW, literarum nomina et contextus. Vid. ALPHABET.
CRITERION, signum (general term) :insigne (the characteristic mark of anything) :nota (the mark impressed on anything, to distinguish it by) :indicium (that which indicates its nature). (The words are found in this connection and order.) indicium atque insigne ; also (alicujus rei) insigne proprium et peculiare ; proprium alicujus rei :to use anything as a criterion, adhibere aliquid tamquam obrussam (Cicero) :to serve as a criterion, signo esse :that is thee, of such or such a thing, hæc est alicujus rei obrussa (Seneca, Ep., 13, 1) :to try anything by a criterion, aliquid ab obrussam exigere (Seneca, Quæst., 4, 5, 1 ) :the criterion of true and false, veri et falsi nota ; insigne veri ; * veri quasi obrussa.
CRITIC, || A judge of any literary or artistical object, criticus (Cicero, Fam., 9, 10 ; Quintilianus, 2, 1, 4) :judex criticus : * artis criticæ studiosus (who takes up criticism as a profession) : *corrector (verbal critic, who occupies himself with the emendation of writings, manuscripts, etc.) :* censor :* judex doctus (an able judge of literary productions ; e. g., in periodicals, etc.) :* librorum censor (before the printing) :* judex criticus. * censor literatus (after the printing) :intelligens, or sciens, or peritus artis (also from the context, especially in plural, without artis : a critical judge of artistical objects ; also artium judex) :an able critic, subtilis (artium) judex et callidus (Horatius, Sat., 2, 7, 101); also homo callidus only (vid. Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 23). || A severe censor, judex iniquus or inimicus : homo minima re ad reprehendendum contentus : obtrectator (who censures or stigmatizes actions from a spirit of envy) :a severe critic, Aristarchus (Cicero); plural, Aristarchei (properly, the disciples of Ἀρίσταρχος , a critic from Alexandria ; then improperly = severe critics, Varr., L. L., 8, 34, 119); patruus (with reference to morals, proverbially used ; vid. Heindorf, Horatius, Sat., 2, 2, 97); censor castigatorque (Horatius, A. P., 174, of an old man, who severely censures the morals, etc., of youth, minorum). CRITICAL, || Belonging or referring to criticism, criticus : * ad criticam rationem emendatus (critically correct ; of an edition, etc., F. A. Wolf).A critical edition, * editio ad criticam rationem correcta : * editio ad optimas membranas castigata.A work of which there is hardly a single critical edition, liber criticam manum vix semel expertus :critical writings, * libri, qui sunt de critico genere; * libri critici argumenti :critical exactness or precision, critica subtilitas :critical talents, * facultas critica :critical mind or faculty, ingenium acutum ( Cf., not subactum) :to cultivate one’s critical powers, * ingenium ad criticam facultatem formare :according to, or consistently with, critical rules, critica ratione ; ad criticam rationem :to write a critical commentary on a work, or on an author, * critica grammaticaque ratione interpretari :to publish a critical edition, * ad criticam rationem corrigere :* a curruptelarum sordibus judicando purgare (by correcting errours) :an extensive acquaintance with critical investigations, * magnus totius rei criticæ usus :with no sufficient knowledge of critical matters, * nullo critices usu :to possess no critical knowledge or talent whatever, * artis criticæ expertem esse :to be engaged in (or to occupy one’s self with) a critical review of the writings of Velleius, * in recensendo Velleio elaborare. || Censorious, censorius : morosus :malevolus [SYN. in CRITIC] :mordax (literally, that is biting, bitter, mortifying in words ; e. g., carmen, Ovidius.). || Belonging to a crisis, and thus dangerous, anceps : dubius (doubtful) :incertus (uncertain) :a critical situation, res dubiæ ; discrimen :to be brought into a critical situation or position, in discrimen adduci :in this critical situation, rebus ita suspensis ; in hoc tempore (Nepos, Milt., 5, 1, where Bremi says that the preposition denotes a continued, and especially a criticcal time) :public matters have come to, or are in a critical state, res publica in ancipiti est ; res publica in discrimen adducta est :critical times, tempora periculosa or dubia :the critical turns and changes of affairs, inclinationes et momenta rerum, temporum, etc. :it was critical, anceps erat [Vid. CRISIS] : a critical day (e. g., of an illness), dies crisimus ( κρίσιμος ; Cælius, Aurel., Acut.,1, 14); dies potens, gravis, or quo de ægro judicatur (Celsus).The critical point of a disease, critica morbi accessio (Augustinus) [illa] – anceps morbi fluctuatio (Augustinus, Conf., 6, 1, extr. which, as rluctuatio has the authority of Livy, may be safely used). CRITICALLY, critica ratione ; ad criticam rationem : accurate (carefully ; e. g., perscribere) :critically correct, * ad criticam rationem emendatus (F. A. Wolf) :to correct critically, * ad criticam rationem corrigere ; * a corruptelarum sordibus judicando purgare :to treat (anything) critically (e. g., history, etc.), * critica ratione tractare :to explain critically and grammatically, critica grammaticaque ratione interpretari. || Dangerously ; e. g., the state is very critically situated, res publica in discrimen adducta est; in ancipiti est res publica.
CRITICISM, CRITIQUE, || Examination (especially according to the rules of art), censura : judicium (the judgement itself) :beneath all criticism, * non dignus, de quo judicium feratur ; pravissimus ; pessimus (the last two stronger terms) :too severe a criticism against one’s self, nimia contra se calumnia (Quintilianus 10, 1, 115) :without reference to the conventional laws
of criticism, non aurificis statera, sed quadam populari trutina (e. g., examinare aliquid, Cicero) :to undertake the criticism of a work, * libri censuram scribere :to subject one’s rulers to criticism, censuram agere regnantium :to submit anything to the criticism of one’s friends, aliquid amicorum judicio examinare. || Examination of different readings; or examination of the sense of a literary work (especially of the classics); * ars critica : critice (as art) :* critica ratio (as theory ; rules of criticism) :critica studia (as occupation; critical studies) :* cernendi judicandique munus (as office or duty incumbent on the critic) :* criticum genus, res critica (as scientific employment, in contradistinction to the other branches of philology) :an extensive acquaintance with the rules of criticism, * magnus totius rei criticæ usus :by the aid of criticism, judicando (e. g., to correct spurious passages in ancient writers, * veteres scriptores a corruptelarum sordibus judicando purgare) :without any acquaintance with the rules of criticism, * nullo critices usu :to pursue criticism as a profession, * artis criticæ studiosum esse; * criticam artem exercere :to devote one’s self to the higher branches of criticism, altioris critices studio duci :to be quite ignorant of the art of criticism, artis criticæ expertem esse.
CRITICIZE, judicare :notare aliquem (sc. verbis, to point anybody out, and thus criticise him) :reprehendere (to blame) :vituperare (to blame as false or wrong, opposed to laudare) :improbare (to reprove) :castigare (to criticise with words, to reprehend) :obtrectare (to criticise from a feeling of envy).To criticise anything or anybody, censuram agere alicujus rei or alicujus (e. g., the kings, regnantium) ; inquirere in aliquid (stronger term ; e. g., in vitia alicujus, the faults of anybody) :carpere :vellicareriticise: destringere (maliciously, etc.) :to criticise severely, corripere :to criticise ironically, cavillari.To criticise everything too minutely, minutius et scrupulosius omnia scrutari (Quintilianus 5, 14, 28) :to criticise anything in a popular way, not according to the rules of art, aliquid not aurificis statera, sed quadam populari trutina examinare (Cicero) :the act or deed was not criticised, factum reprebensore caruit :to criticise a literary production, * libri censuram scribere ; argumentum libri recensere :to be severely criticised, reprehendi; vituperari ; in vituperationem venire, or cadere, or incidere, or adduci ; vituperationem subire :to be criticised on many points, in varias reprehensiones incurrere.
CROAK, || As a frog, coaxare :he ordered the frogs to cease croaking, obstrepentes ranas silere jussit (Suetonius, Oct., 94). || As a raven, crocire :crocitare (as the natural voice of the raven) :canere :occinere (general term ; also of a raven, etc., ; occinere, inasmuch as its croaking is taken as an omen) :a raven croaked before the consul with a loud voice, corvus clara voce ante consulem occinuit. || Complain, vid.
CROAKER ( = Complainer ; colloqial), * qui reipublicæ male ominatur ; * qui desperare solet de republica (a political croaker) :* qui de adversa or incommoda valetudine queri solet (about his health). CROAKING, CROAK, || Of frogs, * ranarum voces. || Of ravens, crocitus (as natural sound, Non., 45, 48) :cantus (the emission of sound in general, like that of the raven, of the owl). CROCEOUS, croceus (e. g., color, croceus tinctus, Plinius). CROCK (obsolete), Vid. POT.
CROCKERY, vasa, plural: vasa fictilia; also fictilia, ium, neuter only. Vid. EARTHEN-WARE.
CROCODILE, crocodilus .
Crocodile’s tears, lacrima or lacrimula falsa (Terentius, Eun., 1, 1, 22) :lacrima dolo conficta (Terentius, Andr., 3, 3, 26) : to shed crocodile’s tears, lacrimas dolo confingere.
CROFT, septum. Vid., also, INCLOSURE.
CROISADE, Vid. CRUSADE.
CROISER, Vid. CRUSADER.
CRONE, vetula (as term of contempt for an old woman or maid) :anus : anicula (both as a term of respect and of contempt) :like an old crone, aniliter.
CRONY, amicus : familiaris. Vid. FRIEND, ACQUAINTANCE.
CROOK, || Curve, bend, Vid. || Hook, vid. By hook or by crook, jure an injuria : * saltem aliquo modo. || A shepherd’s crook, pedum.
CROOK, v. curvare :incurvare (inward) :flectere : infiectere (to bend inward) :Vid. To BEND.
CROOK-BACKED, gibber (hump-backed) :pandus homo (Quintilianus 3, 58). CROOK-SHANKED, varus : valgus : vatius :cruribus varis, valgis, vatiis (SYN. at end of CROOKED). CROOK-SHOULDERED, qui est obstipa cervice.
CROOKED, || Bent [Cf., For the convenience of giving the synonymes together, several words are given here, that we should never construe “crooked”], curvus (general term = καμπύλος , bent in any degree; especially circularly ; as quality ; opposed to rectus) :curvatus (bent in any degree ; e. g., as a hook, in hamum ; more common in prose than curvus) :incurvus :leniter inflexus (bent inwards; incurvus also of persons who stoop in their gait) :aduncus (bent inwards, in the shape of a hook, as the beak of a hawk, also of an aquiline nose) :reduncus (bent outwards in the same shape) :pandus (in the shape of an arch ; Vitruvius, 2, 9, 12, of timber that is warpt; hence, pandus homo, according to Quintilianus, 6, 3, 58, signifies a crook-backed man, or one with a slouching, stooping gait) :repandus (bent backwards, as in Cicero, calceoli repandi, i. e., shoes with a sort of twisted beak in front) :falcatus (scythe-shaped, sickle-shaped) :lunatus (like the horns of the crescent moon) :obliquus (slanting, λοξός ) :pravus ( σκολιός , denotes as a fault, what obliquus and curvus represent as a property ; all three opposed to rectus, ὀρθός ).
Cf., Recurvus is poetical, and is also used in post-Augustan prose. Procurvus is poetical, (e. g., litora, falx, Vergilius) :intortus (opposed to surrectus et patulus : e. g., the horns of a sheep, cornua ovium) :tortuosus (full of windings) :flexuosus (full of bendings) :sinuosus (full of cavities or folds) :distorto corpore (of persons only). || Perverse, pravus σκολιός ; deviating from the right direction, purpose, etc. ; e. g., mens, opinio, judicium, opposed to rectus, ὀρθός ) :perversus ( properly, that has been placed out of its natural position into a wrong one; hence, figuratively, not as it ought to be ; e. g., sententia) :præposterus (done, or, of persons, acting, in the wrong order ; beginning at the end, etc.). || Bent in different ways or directions, distortus ( διεστραμμίνος ).
Crooked legs or thighs, crura distorta or vara (straddling, σκέλη οκαμβά : one who has crooked legs, varus); crura valga (bent outwards like a badger’s, σκέλη βλσιδά : that has such, valgus) ; crura vatia (bent inward, σκέλη ῥαιβά ;one who has them, vatius) :pedibus distortis ( διεστραμμένος τοὺς πόδας , with or having crooked feet). CROOKEDLY, torte (Lucretius, 4, 308) :intorte (Plinius).|| Perversely, prave; perperam; præpostere ; perverse. [SYN. in CROOKED.] || Untowardly, vid.
CROOKEDNESS, curvitas :aduncitas (the being crooked : aduncitas, the crookedness that assumes the shape of a hook bent inwards ; e. g., of the beak, rostri) :curvatura (as property ; general term) :pravitas (as fault). || Perverseness, perversitas (e. g., hominum : crookedness of opinions, opinionum :of manners, or anybody’s ways, morum); pravitas (i. e., perversely wrong direction ; e. g., hominis : consilii, of a project). CROP, s. || The craw of a bird, ingluvies. || Fruits of the earth, trees, etc., messis (properly the time of the harvest and the fruits, etc. :that are gathered) :fructus (the produce ; improperly, the profit) :seges (the standing corn ; also green crops, before they are cut ; also figuratively ; but poetically, and rare in this sense) :fructus arborum :poma, plural; arborum baccæ, and baccæ only (produce of trees; opposed to terræ fruges) ; quæ ex arboribus gignuntur.An abundant crop, messis opima; seges grandissima atque optima (Varro) :ubertas in fructibus percipiendis :to gather the crops, messem facere (of harvest) :fructus demetere et percipere; fructus percipere :the crops have been very fine this year, magnum frugum fructuumque proventum annus hic attulit (after Plinius, Ep., 1, 13, 1); hic annus copiam frugum fructuumque effudit (after Cicero, Brut., 9, 36) :abundant crops, uberrimi lætissimique fructus (crops of vineyards and olive-yards) :the gathering of the crops, frugum perceptio :to sow crops, fruges or fructus serere :to store or house crops, fructus comportare et condere :vines with a large crop of grapes, graves fructu vites :to yield a good crop, fructum ferre ; fructum edere ex se :vineyards yield a very profitable crop, uberrimus est vinearum reditus :to gather an abundant crop, large condere :this field produces a good crop, hic ager efficit plurimum :this estate produces abundant crops, hic fundus est fructuosissimus. || A crop ( = hair cut close), capilli detonsi, præcisi, etc.
CROP, v. || Cut short, decurtare (to shorten by cutting) :curtare (to shorten, to diminish) :detruncare (to mutilate by cutting) :recidere (mostly poetically and post Augustan prose : pilos, barbam, capillos) :præcidere (e. g., capillos) :to crop the hair or head, præcidere, or detondere capillos, or crines :to crop the hair very short, caput attondere (Celsus, 4, 3; of cutting it away in illness) :to crop a man’s ears, aures decidere (Tacitus). || To pluck or cut off (produce), metere :demetere (to mow, to cut off) :legere (of fruit) : sublegere (in case of too great an abundance on the trees) :detrahere alicui aliquid (to take off or down) :carpere :decerpere (of flowers and general term) :destringere alicui aliquid (of berries and leaves together)
:avellere (to pluck off). || Of cattle, depascere :depascere herbas :derodere (to nibble or gnaw off; vites) :tondere (gramina, pabula, dumeta) :attondere ( e. g., virgulta, Vergilius) :detondere (e. g., salices, gramina, Nemes., Ecl., 1, 6) : CROP-FULL, satur : plenus : cibo satiatus :exsatiatus cibo vinoque.
CROP-SICK, epulis obrutus (Nepos) :vino ciboque prægravis : qui quum ad prandium crudior venerit, et sibi tum non pepercerit, ægrotat (Cicero). CROSIER, lituus :* lituus episcopi.
CROSS, s. || The figure; crux ( + or a St. Anthony’s cross ┬ ) :decussis (in the shape of a St. Andrew’s cross × ) :diesis ( δίεσις , in music, with the ancients, answering to our crotchet ) : to divide in the shape of a × , decussare : in the shape of a cross, * in crucis formam redactus or factus ; in crucis speciem : in decussem or in decusses ; decussatim (in the shape of a St. Andrew’s cross ×) .A church built in the shape of a cross, * ædes sacra opere arcuato exstructa (opus arcuatum,Plinius, Ep., 10, 47, [46] ; Quintilian in a different but similar sense) :* ædes in crucis formam exstructa. || As object made of some material, crux (the material of which it is made is to be expressed by an adjective ; e. g., of gold, aurea) :* crux or insigne honoris (cross of honour, after Nepos Thras., 4, 1) :to decorate anybody with the cross of honour, * honoris crucem alicui dare. || For malefactors, crux :to erect a cross , crucem constituere or figere :at a place, crucem defigere in aliquo loco :to nail anybody to the cross, cruci aliquem affigere or suffigere; in cruce aliquem suffigere :aliquem in crucem agere or tollere (Cicero uses cruce afficere, Verr., 1, 14, 9 ; but only in connection with morte, cruciatu, cruce afficere) :to die on the cross, in crucem agi :to hang upon a cross, pendere in cruce :to take anybody down from the cross, alicujus corpus refigere (Justinus, 9, 7, 11; also detrahere aliquem ex cruce :the death on the cross, crux (from the context would be sufficient) :supplicium servile (none but slaves being executed in this way at Rome, Livius, 24, 14) :to threaten anybody with the cross, crucem alicui minari or minitari (Cicero, Tusc., 1, 43, in.) :to punish anybody with the cross, supplicio servili animadvertere in aliquem :the banner of the cross, * vexillum, in quo crucis figura picta est :a soldier of the cross, * miles (if knight, eques) rei Christianæ propugnator ; * miles (or eques), qui Dei signa sequitur :to preach the cross (i. e., exhort men to undertake a crusade), hortari homines, ut rei Christianæ causa arma capiant (after Cæsar, B. G., 7, 4) :
Cf., Cross is sometimes used for ” the doctrine of Christ crucified;” * doctrina Christi or Christiana: sometimes for the ” Christian body politic” (opposed to ” the crescent”), res Christiana, etc. || By metonymy, The sign of the cross (made with the hand), * crucis figura :to make the sign of the cross, * digito crucis figuram imitari. || FIG., adversity or suffering, mala, plural, (evil of any kind) :calamitas (misfortune that befalls us) :miseria (misery) :crux, in this signification, is poetical, and therefore not to be recommended.To take up the cross, or one’s cross, * Christo auctore mala et incommoda non subterfugere :to have many crosses, * multis malis vexari or conflictari :he that carries a cross, or a cross-bearer, * qui crucem fert (properly) ; ærumnosus et calamitosus (improperly, for sufferer). || On coins, signum :nota (see Livius, 44, 27, 8 ; Suetonius,Oct., 75; Aurel. Vict.,Cæsar 35, 6. Vid. also, COINAGE). CROSS, adjective || Transverse, transversus : transversarius (lying across) :[Cf., not obliquus, which denotes an oblique direction]. A cross line, linea transversa; versiculus transversus (written across another line) :cross lines, lineæ in decusses obliquæ (thus ×) :the cross piece of anything, pars transversa; (if of wood) lignum transversarium :cross furrows, sulcus transversus (cf. Columella, 44, extr. ; in arando est observandum, ut transversus mons sulcetur …. that on a hill cross furrows should be drawn with the plough) :cross wall, * paries transversus.OBS. The words in which “cross” is joined by a hyphen to the folloiving substantive, as CROSS-BOW, are to be looked for in their alphabetical order. || Contrary ; e. g., cross accident, incommodum :incommodus :adversus :[Vid. UNTOWARD.] || Angry, sullen :difficilis :natura difficilis : morosus.(The words are found in this connection and order.) difficilis et morosus (instead of which Gellius, 18, 7, init., has, natura intractabilior et morosior) :tristis :[SYN. in ILL-TEMPERED.] To make anybody cross, stomachum alicui movere ; aliquem irritare or exacerbare :to pretend to be cross, iratum simulare (after Seneca, Herc.,Oct., 429) ; with anybody, se simulare alicui iratum or (stronger) alicui inimicum (after Nepos, Dion, 8, 2) :a cross wife, mulier or uxor sæva, incommoda et importuna (comic writers) :a cross humour or character, natura difficilis : morositas :asperitas (the latter, as far as it displays itself against inferiors, Sallustius, Nepos ; Att., 5, init.) :to be in a cross humour, male affectum esse :to be cross (habitually), difficilem ac morosum esse : difficili esse natura :to be very cross, difficillima esse natura :to be cross with anybody, alicui irasci, succensere : with or about anything, graviter or moleste ferre aliquid.
CROSS, Vid. ACROSS.κυρικιμασαηικο
CROSS, TR., to lay crosswise, decussare (in the shape of ×) :cancellare (like lattice-work, Columella, Plinius) :to cross each other (of lines), decussari. Two roads cross each other, * via altera huc fert, altera iltuc :lines that cross each other, lineæ in decusses obliquæ :to cross one’s legs, poplites alternis genibus imponere (so that one knee rests upon the other, Plinius, 28, 6, 17). || FIG., To cross the breed (for the purpose of improving it) ; e. g., viginti milia nobilium equarum ad genus faciendum in Macedoniam missa, twenty thousand full-bred mares were sent into Macedonia for the purpose of crossing the breed. || To go across, (per) locum transire, pervadere, penetrare ( penetrare = penetrate), per locum iter facere : transgredi :trajicere :transmittere (all three of a mountain or a river) :transcendere :superare (by ascending) :supervadere (to pass beyond) :transmigrare (to cross to any place for the purpose of settling) :transvehi :vehi per locum (to cross in a carriage, in a ship) :An army that is crossing or in the act of crossing, exercitus transmeans :to cross on foot, pedibus obire (e. g., regionem) :percurrere (to cross a country hastily) :per locum penetrare (with fatigue and exertion) :agere, agitare per locum (at full speed) :to cross the forum (= walk across it), transverso foro ambulare : to cross (a letter, etc.) transversa charta scribere :easy to cross, pervius :penetrabilis :apertus ; opposed to impervius, impenetrabilis :to let anybody cross (through a country), transitum dare alicui or iter per agros urbesque :aliquem per fines suos ire pati (speaking of an army or a general) ; dare alicui viam (a single person ; e. g., one’s premises or estate, per fundum) :to refuse to let anybody cross, aliquem ab transitu prohibere or arcere :he must cross, transeat necesse est :to cross a river on horseback, equum (per flumen) transmittere :to cross a sea, a river, pernavigare :enavigare (e. g., the bay in twelve days and nights, sinum duodecim dierum et noctium remigio, Plinius, 9, 3, 2) :to cross a river by a bridge, transmittere amnem ponte :to cross by swimming, tranare, or transnare, or transnatare : from the context also transmittere only :to cross (of birds), transvolare (general term) ; also transmittere (the sea, mare ; e. g., of cranes, etc.) :to cross the sea to Italy, in Italiam trans mare advolare (of birds of passage); [Cf., transmeare fretum belongs to later Latinity.] :to cross back again (over the sea) from Italy, ex Italia trans mare revolare (also of birds of passage) :to cross with the rapidity of a bird, transgredi pennis sublime elatum, (Livius 21, 30 : legatos non pennis sublime elatos Alpes transgressos, i. e., the ambassadors had not crossed the Alps by flight, or on the wings of a bird) :to prepare or take the necessary measures for crossing, * transitum parare; * transire conari (to venture the passage) :to cross the Alps, Alpes transcendere, or transire, or superare :to cross a river, fiumen transire, or transjicere, or transmittere :to make the troops cross a river, copias flumen or trans flumen trajicere. || Of inanimate objects, secare or aliquid medium secare (e. g., a field, agrum : of streams, hedges, roads, etc.) :fluere per aliquid (of a stream : Cf., not perfluere) :a white streak crosses the centre of a jewel, gemma per transversum linea alba media præcingitur (Plinius). || To thwart, obsistere : repugnare : obniti :reniti :adversari aliquem , not alicui.(The words are found in this connection and order.) adversari et repugnare : obstare or officere alicui, and alicui rei alicujus (with this difference, that obstare means merely to be in anybody’s way, officere to be opposed to him in a hostile manner ; e. g., to cross anybody’s plans, alicujus consiliis obstare or officere, observing, however, the difference of meaning just alluded to) :retardare aliquem , in anything, ad aliquid faciendum or ab aliqua re facienda, in aliqua re (to cross anybody hi anything, or in the execution of anything ; e. g., in his privileges, in suo jure) :to cross anybody’s designs, alicujus consilia pervertere :to see one’s hope crossed, spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur :to cross all anybody’s plans, conturbare alicui omnes rationes :if accidents and engagements had not crossed his projects, nisi aliqui casus aut occupatio ejus consilium premisset :to cross anybody in everything, omnia adversus aliquem facere
:to cross one another’s designs, obtrectare inter se(of two rivals) :to cross one’s own interest, repugnare utilitati suæ. || FIG., to cross anybody’s mind ; e. g., it crosses or is crossing my mind, or the thought crosses my mind, ad cogitationem deducor :subit cogitatio animum :succurrit mihi res :venit mini in mentem or in opinionem (vid. Bremi Nepos, Milt., 7, 3) ; adducor in suspicionem (I am led to the supposition ; venit mihi in suspicionem is unusual ; vid. Bremi, etc.). || To cross out, or over (of a writing) ; cancellare (properly, to make in the shape of lattice-work ; then to cross over in that shape, thus ×; to cancel, late, Dig.) :delere :exstinguere (general terms for blotting out or over) :inducere (to obliterate anything on the wax, or to smear over by using the other end of the stilus) :eradere (to erase, scratch out) :to cross out a name in a book, nomen tollere ex libro :to cross anybody’s name out in the lists, alicujus nomen eximere de tabulis :to cross out in the lists of senators, eradere aliquem albo senatorio (Tacitus, Ann., 4, 42, fin.) :to cross out a line, versui atrum signum traverso calamo allinere (poetical). || To cross one’s self; * digito crucis figuram imitari :* aliquid crucis figuram imitando abominari : * crucis signo amoliri aliquid (if done to avert an evil). CROSS-BAR, plural, cancelli (in the courts of justice, fori, Cicero, ; also in the circus) :transtrum :Vid. CROSS-BEAM.
CROSS-BEAM, tigrmm transversum or transversarium; transtrum (Vitrvius; derived from θράνος , diminutive θράνιστρον :sc. lignum) :a small cross-beam, transtilla :to join by a cross-beam, aliquid materia jugamentare ( Vitrvius, 2, 1, 3, ed.Schneider). CROSS-BEARER, * qui crucem fert (in a Roman Catholic procession). CROSS-BILL || bird, * Loxia curvirostra. || Action filed by defendant against plaintiff , * actio petitori intenta.
CROSS-BOW, arcuballista (Vegetius, Mil., 2, 15, and 4, 22). CROSS-BOWMAN, arcuballistarius (Vegetius, 4, 21). CROSS-EXAMINE, * contra rogare or interrogare; but from the context testem rogare will mostly do (e. g., Cicero pro Flac., 10 : bene testem rogavit : callide accessit; reprehendit; quo voluit, adduxit ; convicit et elinguem reddidit) :* testem inimicum (Quintilianus) interrogare ; * testem ab adversario, or ab advocato diversæ partis, prolatum or excitatum interrogare :Vid. CROSS-EXAMINATION.
CROSS-EXAMINATION, percontationes ab adverversario habitæ (after Quintilianus, 5, 7, 11, variis percontationibus, quales ab adversario haberi solent, etc.).He must be subjected to a very severe cross-examination., interrogandus est quam infestissime ac premendus (Quintilianus).The witness becomes confused, and his evidence is shaken by an artful cross-examination, turbatus est testis, et a patrono diversse partis induitur in laqueum (Quintilianus 5, 7, 11 ;Zumpt, but Codd. inducitur).To re-examine a witness whose evidence has been somewhat shaken by his cross-examination, testem, si quid titubavit, opportuna rursus interrogatione velut in gradum reponere (Quintilian).
CROSS-GRAINED, vid. PERVERSE, MOROSE.
CROSS-LEGGED, by circumlocution with poplites alternis genibus imponere (Plinius). CROSS-PURPOSE.To be at cross-purposes, to be translated by circumlocution : * ambo errore quodam contrario ducuntur : uterque utrumque parum, male, or non recte, etc. intelligit. * alter alteri, summam questionis non intuens, male respondet or non ad proposita respondet (of disputants :after Quintilianus, 5, 13, 35). CROSS-STREET, via transversa; a small cross-street, angiportus.
CROSS-WAY, via transversa (general term) :trames transversa (a by-way) :limes transversus (a field-path). CROSS-WISE, * in crucis speciem (general term) :in decussem or in decusses :decussatim (in the shape of a × ) : to divide anything cross-wise, decussare aliquid.
CROSS-WORT, * galium cruciatum (Linnæus). CROSSING, || Act of crossing over; transitus (general term ; also of a crossing over to a party ; e. g., ad hostem) :transmissio :transvectio :trajectio (over the sea, etc. :trajectio also of the motions of the stars) :transgressio (e. g., over the Alps, Alpium, Cicero) :transitio (especially of going over to a party, the enemy, etc.) :|| Space to be crossed over, transmissus (Cæsar). || A crossing (in the street), perhaps * viæ or plateæ transitus (after fossæ transitus, Cæsar) or transitus only.
CROSSLY, || Peevishly ; stomachose :morose. [SYN. in ILL-TEMPERED] || A thwart; Vid.|| Unfortunately, vid.
CROSSNESS, morositas :natura difficilis :asperitas. [SYN. in IILL-TEMPERED] :iniquitas (inasmuch as it displays itself in unjust proceedings against others) :tristitia ( crossness combined with gloom). CROTCH, Vid. CROOK.
CROTCHET (in music), diesis ( δίεσις ). [Vid. Obs. in CROSS, subst.] || A whim, vid. || In printing, * uncinus.
CROUCH, se demittere :caput demittere. To crouch in a place, delitescere in aliquo loco : se abdere in locum : se occultare loco or in loco :the wild beasts crouch in their lairs, feræ latibulis se tegunt :to crouch at anybody’s feet, supplicem esse alicui ad pedes ; alicujus or alicui ad pedes se abjicere, projicere, provolvere [Cf., alicui ad pedes was formerly objected to by Krebs, etc. :erroneously] ; ad pedes alicujus jacere or alicui ad pedes jacere (Cicero, Verr., 5, 149, 129), or stratum esse or stratum jacere (to lie at anybody’s feet) :to crouch before anybody ; i. e., to salute him in a servile manner, aliquem adorare ; se venditare alicui :adulari aliquem (the last two are stronger terms); also in humiles preces demitti or se demittere (vid. Claudian, Rapt., Pros., 3, 295); or * ad infimas preces descendere :crouching, humilis, humillimus ; summissus et abjectus (displaying a servile mind ). CROW, || The bird; cornix. A young crow, cornicula (Prov., cornix cornici nunquam oculos effodit, Macrobius, Sat.,7, 5) :to pluck or pull a crow, de lana caprina rixari (quarrel about a trifle) :causam jurgii inferre (Phædrus, try to pick a quarrel) :Prov., the crow thinks her own bird the fairest, * asinus asino, sus sui pulcher, et suum cuique pulchrum (Ray). || An instrument to lift things or weights with : vectis; * vectis ligneus (of wood); * vectis ferreus (of iron). CROW, v. || Of a cock; canere :cantare :cantum edere [Cf., “cucurire” is not the natural crowing of this bird, but the loud boastful crowing of the cock ; opposed to to the “clucking” of the hen, gracillare] : as soon as the cock crows, at cock-crowing, sub galli cantum :the crowing of the cock, cantus. || To boast, se efferre :se jactare :jactare se et ostentare :sublatius de se dicere : gloriosius de se prædicare : gloria et prædicatione se efferre :to crow about anything, aliquid jactare or ostentare :insolenter aliquid jactare (stronger term). [SYN. in To BOAST.] || To triumph (figuratively), triumphare :exsultare et triumphare : over anybody, triumphare de aliquo (Prop., Ovidius).
CROW-BAR, corvus (Vitrvius, 10, 19).
CROW’S-FOOT, || Caltrop :stimulus (Cæsar B. G. 7, 73, where it is defined thus, talea, pedem longa, ferreis hamis infixis, quæ tota in terram infodiebatur, etc. The same is “stilus cæcus,” according to Hirtius, B. Afr. 31) :murex ferreus (a square iron instrument, which, when thrown, always presented the points or iron spikes uppermost, Curtius 4, 13, 36). CROW-FOOT, ranunculus.
CROWD, turba (an unorganized mass of people, especially of low rank, hence (The words are found in this connection and order.) vulgus et turba; then also of things) :caterva (anybody of men who form one irregular whole, vid. Nepos, Chabr., 1,2 :conducticiæ catervæ, in opposition to the well-disciplined phalanx) :grex (literally, a herd, then of a number of persons ; also used as a term of contempt, as in Cicero, Rosc., Am., 32, 89 : ego forsitan propter multitudinem patronorum in grege annumerer) :frequentia (more in the sense of an assembled body, as thronging a place; also of things) :multitudo (any multitude) :vis (a great number ; e. g., of animals) :concursus (a running together of people, e. g., hominum in forum) :A great crowd, magna frequentia; magna multitudo :to be attended home by an immense crowd, domum reduci cum maxima frequentia ac multitudine (Cicero) :a dense crowd, turba conferta :to get into a dense crowd, * turba conferta premi :to find one’s self in the crowd, in turba consistere :to press through a thick crowd, penetrare per densam turbam :a noisy, tumultuous crowd, tumultuosa turba :he stood in the thickest crowd, in confertissima turba stetit :to throw one’s self into the midst of the crowd, in mediam turbam se conjicere :to struggle with or against the crowd, luctari in turba (Horatius) ; keep the crowd back ! submove turbam ! (i. e., to make room, especially as order given to the lictors to make room for the consul) :the tribunes ordered the crowd to keep back or to make room, tribuni submoverunt populum (sc. per lictores, Livius) :to be raised above the crowd, longe ab imperitorum intelligentia sensuque sejunctum esse (in an intellectual point of view) ; also plus sapere, quam ceteri :an uneducated or ignorant crowd, multitudo iniperita or imperitorum. || Of inanimate objects, acervus :cumulus [SYN. in HEAP] :frequentia (e. g., sepulcrorum) :silva (e. g., rerum et sententiarum ; silva observationum; it can, however, only be used of intellectual objects) :nubes (cloud ; but not to be used unless the image of a ” cloud ” can be kept up; hence not nubes exemplorum, but multa exempla, or magna copia exemplorum, especially if to be used for a purpose) :in the crowd of laws that fill our statute-book, in hoc immenso aliarum super alias acervatarum legum cumulo. Cf., If a large, but at the same time indefinite number of things is to be expressed, “sexcenti”
(litrally, six hundred) is sometimes used in Latin ; e. g., I received at once a whole crowd of letters, sexcentas literas uno tempore accepi, meaning an unusual number of letters.
CROWD, v. TR., coartare :coangustare (Hirtius) :confereire (of both men and things) :constipare (Cicero) condensare (e. g., his ranks, aciem, crowd) :constringere (to bind together, that it may take up little room) :peranguste refereire (in aliqua re : crowd subjects, arguments, etc., into a small compass) :comprimere (to press together ; persons and things ; e. g., ordines ; versus ordinibus, Ovidius) :astringere (in a speech) :To crowd so many men together, tantum numerum hominum constipare (e. g., in agrum campanum, Cicero) :so crowded that they can not turn round, ita coartati, ut ne versari quidem possint (after Columella 8, 7, 2) :to crowd one another, urgere se; coangustari (Hirtius) :they were crowding each other, sese ipsi premebant (Livius) :to crowd sail, plenis velis navigare ; passis velis vehi :To crowd many subjects into one book, plura coartare in unum librum; also contrahere (e. g., in paucos libros) :crowded, confertus :a very crowded theatre, theatrum celebritate refertissimum. CROWD, v. INTR., confluere (to crowd together in a mass) :concurrere (to run together hastily) :cogi :se congregare or congregari (to assemble, to meet) :artius coire or cogi :frequentes convenire (if in great masses) :acervari :cumulari :crescere (to increase, to wax, of a mass of persons and things) :to crowd together to one place, se congregare ac condensare in locum unum (Varr.) :fresh business is perpetually crowding upon me, negotiis veteribus nova accrescunt :majus in dies occupationum agmen extenditur (Plinius, Ep. 2, 8, 3) :misfortunes are crowding upon me, malum malo additur (after Livius, 1, 3). || PROPR. To crowd in or into; influere :infundi (to pour in, of a multitude) :irruere :irrumpere (burst in) perrumpere (violently burst through all obstacles) :invadere (properly, of an enemy into a town, harbour, etc. ; and improperly of evils, etc.). || IMPROPR. Crowd upon (of things crowding on anybody) :se offerre :objici (e. g., animo) ; se inculcare (e. g., oculis. All three of imaginations, recollections, thoughts that crowd upon us or press themselves upon our mind; se inculcare, of imaginary objects that present themselves, as it were, to our eyes).Many thoughts are crowding upon me, multa simul cogito. || To crowd through, penetrare (general term per locum. ad locum, ad locum usque) :penetrare per (densam) turbam. perrumpere (burst through) :The enemy were crowding through the narrow gates, hostes angusto exitu portarum sese ipsi premebant.
CROWDER, vid. FIDDLER.
CROWN, s. || As ornament of the head (especially of heroes, poets, etc., given as a reward) :corona (in the shape of a wreath, given by the ancients as a token of gratitude; e. g., for having saved the life of a Roman citizen, corona civica ; for him who had been the first to scale a wall or enter the enemy’s camp, corona vallaris, muralis, castrensis ; for him who had delivered Romans, from a blockade, corona obsidionalis) :to present anybody with a crown, aliquem coronare ; aliquem corona donare. || Regal crown :insigne capitis, insigne regium (with the ancients = diadema, fascia; vid. Seneca, Ep., 80, 9 ;
Cicero, Sext. 27, 58 ; Tacitus, Ann., 2, 56, 3) :diadema, atis, neuter ( διάδημα ) or (seldom) pure Latin fascia (a tie of blue and white, studded with diamonds, as sign of imperial dignity among Οriental princes; afterwards adopted by the Romans (vid. Cicero, Phil., 2, 34, 85 ; 3, 5, 12 ; 10, 3, 7 ; Horatius, Od., 2, 2, 22 ; Curtius 3, 3, 9 ; Tacitus, Ann., 15, 24, 2). from which, in course of time, the crown of our princes took its origin : whence “diadema” is likewise to be used for that, since “corona” never conveyed that meaning with the ancients, and Ammianus, 21, 1, distinguishes diadema lapidum fulgore distinctum [i. e., the brilliant crown], from vilis corona [a simple wreath] ) .To place the crown on anybody or anybody’s head, insigne regium, or diadema alicui, or capiti alicujus imponere :to accept the crown, diadema accipere :with a brilliant crown on his head, insigni capitis decorus :like a crown, * coronæ similis. || Empire ; summa rerum regnum; imperium; e. g., to succeed to the crown, the crown is placed on anybody’s head, summa rerum, or regnum ac diadema defertur alicui or ad aliquem :to deprive anybody of his crown, regnum alicui auferre or eripere :a pretender to the crown, æmulus regni :the pretenders to the crown, qui de regno inter se contendunt (Cæsar) :the heir to the crown, heres regni (Livius). [Vid. CROWN-PRINCE.] || State, kingdom, regnum :rex. The crown of England, * regnum Britannicum, * rex Britannorum :estates of the crown, crown lands, prædia publica. || The highest point, vertex (from vertere : also “crown of the head,” propter flexum capillorum = pars summa capitis :ex hoc, id, quod in montibus eminentissimum, Quintilianus). || Greatest ornament, decus :ornamentum. (The words are found in this connection and order.) decus et ornamentum :insigne atque ornamentum. This is the glory and crown of anything, hoc alicui rei tamquam ornamentum accedit.Anything is the crown of virtue, aliquid primus est virtutis honos (Horatius, Sat.,1, 6, 83) :this was the crown of his prosperity, supremus felicitati ejus cumulus accessit (Plinius, Ep., 2, 1) :to place the crown on anything, * alicui rei aliquid tamquam fastigium imponere. || Crown-piece, perhaps nummus regius (with Suetonius,Oct.,7). CROWN, v. || To reward with an honorary crown; coronare (general term ; as coronare comœdiam, to crown the comedy, instead of “to crown its author;” vid. Suetonius, Claud., 11) :coronare lauro (with bay) :præmio ornare (to reward with the offered price ; e. g., a writing or its author) :a poet or orator that has been crowned, coronatus de oratoribus, de poetis (vid. Suetonius, Dom., 13) :hence, || FIG.To perfect anything, cumulare aliqua re (e. g., he crowned his military glory by eloquence, eloquentia cumulavit bellicam gloriam) :magno cumulo augere aliquid (e. g., beneficium, Cicero) :cumulum alicujus rei alicui afferre (e. g., anything has crowned my joy, aliquid cumulum mihi gaudii attulit, Cicero) :accedit ad aliquid quam maximus cumulus (Cicero) :absolvere aliquid (e. g., beneficium, Livius, 2, 2).The end crowns the work or labour, * exitus acta probat :the undertaking was crowned with happy success, res prospere successit or evenit ; fortuna in ea re prospere usus est (after Sallustius, Jug., 93, 1) :may heaven crown your wishes with success, dii dent, quæ velis ; dii tibi dent, quæ (or quæcumque) optes ; dii tibi dent, quæcumque commoda preceris : to be crowned with success, felicem exitum habere : bonos exitus habere (to turn out well). || To crown a sovereign; insigne regium, or diadema alicui, or capiti alicujus imponere (properly) :aliquem purpura et sceptro et illis insignibus regiis exornare (to invest him with the insignia of royalty, after Cicero, Sext., 26, 57); regnum ac diadema alicui or ad aliquem deferre (Horatius, Od., 2, 2, 22) :rerum summam ad aliquem deferre : to be crowned, diadema accipere : a crowned head, princeps (prince, in general); rex (king) ; imperator, Cæsar (emperor). CROWN-GLASS, vitrum purum or candidum (Plinius) :vitrum translucens quam proxima crystalli similitudine (Plinius). CROWN-IMPERIAL, * fritillaria imperatoris (Linnæus). CROWN-PRINCE, filius regis (principis) in spem imperii genitus (Curtius, 4, 14, 22, cf :3, 11, 24) :filius regis tamquam haud dubius regni heres (Livius, 42, 16, extr.) :filius regis summum ad fastigium genitus (after Tacitus, Ann.,13, 17, 3) :heres regni (general term for heir of the empire, Livius, 1, 48).
Cf., Not “princeps hereditarius :” the wife of the crown-prince, * conjux heredis regni.
CROWN-SCAB (i. e., a cutaneous disease of the head) : porrigo, inis (also of animals, according to Juvenalis, 2, 79) : CRUCIATE (obsolete), Vid. EXCRUCIATE.
CRUCIBLE, catinus (Plinius, 33, 6, 35 : it appears to have had two divisions, called superior and inferior catinus.)
CRUCIFIX, * Christus cruci affixus.
CRUCIFIXION, crux (from context will mostly do) :supplicium servile (from its being inflicted on slaves only).To threaten anybody with crucifixion, crucem alicui minari or minitari :to put anybody to death by crucifixion [vid. To CRUCIFY].The crucifixion of CHRIST, * supplicium summum or servile a Christo sumptum.The day of our Lord’s crucifixion, dies, quo Christi crux constituta est, ab omnibus Christianis celebrandus or celebratus (after Plinius, Ep., 10, 103). CRUCIFY, cruci aliquem affigere or suffigere; in cruce aliquem suffigere ; aliquem in crucem agere or tollere (Cicero, uses cruce afficere, but only in connection with other ablatives, morte, cruciatu, cruce afficere, 2 Verr., 1, 4, 9) :supplicio servili animadvertere in aliquem (general term).To be crucified, in crucem agi : pendere in cruce (to hang on the cross).to threaten to crucify anybody, crucem alicui minari or minitari (Cicero). CRUDE, || Raw; vid. || Unwrought; rudis (without any preparation by art, such as nature produces it) :incultus (not properly wrought or refined) :infectus (e. g., of gold, silver, etc.,; opposed to factus). || Unripe; vid. || Unfinished; imperfectus (imperfect) :inchoatus (a favorite word of Cicero’s : only begun, not brought to perfection ; opposed to perfectus). (The words are found in this connection and order.) inchoatus ac rudis :mancus quodammodo et inchoatus :inchoatus quidam et confusus : inchoatus quidam, non perfectus (all Cicero) :adumbratus (only traced, superficial ; e. g., intelligentia : opinio) :vitiosus (incorrect) :mancus (that has defects or wants) :informis (that has not the proper
shape or form) :indoctus (crude, with reference to anybody’s notions) :to leave anything in a crude state, inchoatum relinquere aliquid :crude notions or ideas, intelligentiæ inchoatæ (so far as they are in a crude state, not fully developed ; e. g., rerum omnium quasi adumbratas intelligentias animo ac mente concipere, Cicero). CRUDELY, inculte; dure; imperfecte ; vitiose ; indocte. SYN. in CRUDE.
CRUDENESS, circumlocution by adjectives under CRUDE.
CRUDITY, cruditas (indigestion ; overloading of the stomach; also plural, cruditates = undigested food, Plinius).|| Crudeness, vid.
CRUEL, crudelis (cruelly disposed, acting with cruelty, opposed to clemens) :sævus (blood-thirsty, cruel ; αἰνός ) :ferus (wild by nature, opposed to mitis ; different from ferox, i. e., untamed, haughty, etc.) :immanis (producing terror from its unnatural savageness; hence wild, cruel, opposed to mansuetus. These four, also, of whatever shows or proceeds from cruelty). (The words are found in this connection and order.) dirus (dreadful ; as a property of things or persons) et immanis; ferus et immanis ; immanis et crudelis : durus (hard, inexorable, of persons, as well as their character, opposed to misericors) :atrox (fearful ; likely to make an impression of terror on anybody, of things ; e. g., deed, act). (The words are found in this connection and order.) sævus et atrox. inhumanus (inhuman) :barbarus (cruel by nature ; e. g., neque tam barbari lingua et natione illi, quam tu natura et moribus, Cicero).A cruel character or disposition, immanis natura (Cicero) :a cruel step-mother, dira noverca :very cruel, crudelissimus (of persons and things) :a most cruel punishment, supplicium exempli parum memoris legum humanarum.
CRUELLY, crudeliter; dure; atrociter; inhumane. [SYN. in CRUEL] very or most cruelly, crudelissime. to treat or use anybody cruelly, crudelitatem suam in aliquo exercere ; crudelitatem adhibere in aliquem ; most cruelly, ultima crudelitate sævire (in aliquem ). CRUELNESS, CRUELTY, crudelitas; sævitia; feritas ; immanitas ; duritas ; atrocitas :[SYN. in CRUEL] (The words are found in this connection and order.) diritas et immanitas ; feritas et immanitas ; immanitas et crudelitas. To treat anybody with cruelty, crudelitatem suam in aliquo exercere; crudelitatem adhibere in aliquem (when other means are of no effect ; e. g., of the master against his slave) :to exercise or indulge in all manner of cruelties, in omne genus crudelitatis erumpere ; nullum genus crudelitatis intermittere :to exercise the greatest cruelty, ultima crudelitate sævire against anybody, crudelitatem suam in aliquo expromere ; crudelitatem explere in aliquo :to display a ferocious cruelty, sanguine et cæde sævire (by bloodshed and murder) :to exhibit unexampled cruelty, ultra humanarum irarum fidem sævire (Livius, 8, 14) :Sulla, after the victory, indulged in unexampled cruelty, Sulla post victoriam audito fuit crudelior :to exercise and suffer unheard of cruelty, facere et pati infanda :with the greatest cruelty, crudelissime.
CRUENTATE, vid. BLOODY.
CRUET, urceolus (Columella, 12, 16, 4 ; Juvenalis, 3, 203) :guttus (with a narrow neck for ointments and oil, as used in the bath-rooms or at a sacrifice, πρόχοος , Horatius, and Plinius) :* urceus olearius (an oil-cruet) :acetabulum (a vinegar- cruet ). CRUISE, s. || Cruet, vid. || Of a vessel, expeditio ( general term).To send a vessel on a cruise, navem in expeditionem mittere (after milites equitesque in expeditionem mittere, Cæsar).A piratical cruise, * expeditio prædandi gratia facta.
CRUISE, v., mari vagari ; pervagari mare (Livius) :to cruise along the coast, præter oram vagari (Livius, 12, 14; but not oram legere, which means merely to sail close in by the shore) :to cruise (of a pirate), piraticam facere or exercere ; latrocinio maris vitam tolerare (inasmuch as the cruiser makes a living by it). CRUISER, prædo (maritimus, piratical cruiser). By metonymy, the ship itself :* navis armata in expeditionem missa; navis prædonis or prædatoria (piratical) :to make the sea unsafe by their (piratical) cruisers, mare infestum facere navibus piraticis; latrociniis et prædationibus infestare mare.
CRUMB, CRUM, mollis pars panis :panis mollia plural (the soft part of the loaf, opposed to to “the crust”) :interior pars panis (the inner part of a loaf, in general) :mica (a bit, a particle of bread) :frustula (small pieces of bread that have been broken from the loaf) :reliquiæ (remnants, pieces of bread that have been left, or not been eaten at any given meal).A few crumbs of bread, panis uncia :a person who picks up the crumbs that fall from the table, analecta ( ἀναλέγω, Martisalis) :a small crumb, micula. I have not a single crumb of bread to eat, in summa inopia vivo. || To pick up one’s crumbs (i. e., to recover from illness), vid. To RECOVER.
CRUMB, CRUMBLE, v. TR., friare:comminuere (to break into small pieces, in general) :conterere (to rub to dust).to crumble bread into milk, panem interere in lacte. || v. INTR., friari :se friare :in micas friare :in micas friari. || To crumble into dust, (α) TR., in pulverem resolvere :(β) INTR., in pulverem resolvi. corruere (of houses, etc., falling down). CRUMMY, By circumlocution, the crummy part of a loaf, mollia panis (Plinius) :friabilis (that will crumble away). || Soft , vid.
CRUMP, vid. CROOKED.
CRUMPET, crustulum (diminutive, of crustum, Horatius, Seneca, etc.). CRUMPLE, v. TR., rugare :corrugare.
Crumpled, rugosus: INTR., corrugari : rugare (Plautus, Cas., 2, 3, 30 : palliolum rugat). CRUMPLING, * pomum degener (after arundo degener, Columella) :crumplings, poma priores succos oblita (after Vergilius, pomaque degenerant, succos oblita priores). CRUPPER, postilena (* Plautus, Cas., 1, 37). CRUSADE, * bellum rei Christianæ causa, susceptum ; * bellum pro sacris Christianis susceptum :
Cf., expeditio cruciata or sacra is barbarous.
CRUSH, s. compressio : contusio.Sometimes pulsus, ictus, percussio, collisus, collisio, attritus may serve. || A dense crowd, turba confertissima.
CRUSH, TR., contundere (general term, both properly, [as, caput ; colla, pectus ; oleas ; florem aratro, Catullus], and figuratively, aliquem, alicujus animum, audaciam, opes, etc.) :elidere (properly, ” to strike or thrust out, or violently:” talos, caput saxo) :illidere (to strike into ; injure by a crushing blow :e. g., serpens illisa, Cicero) :premere (to press) :comprimere (to press together) :deprimere :opprimere (crush down : properly, and figuratively,) :confringere (to beat to pieces) :comminuere (to break or beat into bits) :conculcare (to crush by treading on it) :perfringere (to break thoroughly) :diminuere (to reduce to small pieces or atoms ; e. g., anybody’s head, or brains, caput, cerebrum) :deterere (to reduce by rubbing, to bruise ; e. g., frumenta) :pinsere (to pound) :conterere :obterere (to reduce to atoms by rubbing, to pulverize) :in pulverem redigere or conterere (to reduce to dust, to pulverize – Cf., but not pulverare) :oblidere (to mangle, to jam) :to crush grapes, torculare (late) ; prelo premere ; calcare (Columella 12, 39, 2) :lo crush olives, oleas contundere :to crush in a mortar, contundere in pila (e. g., thymum) :to crush anything with a weight, aliquid elidere pondere (Plinius, draconem). || To be crushed, frangi ; contundi; elidi [SYN. above.] to be crushed between rocks, contundi ac debilitari inter saxa rupesque (Livius) :to have been nearly crushed by the fall of a tree, prope funeratum esse ictu arboris (Horatius) :to be crushed by the fall of a room, ruina conclavis opprimi (Cicero). || FIG., contundere (vid. above) :affligere (to dash to the ground, opposed to erigere) :opprimere (to quell ; e. g., a commotion, tumultum : to oppress, destroy violently, libertatem ; cf. Cicero, Læl., 4, 78 : ut exstinctæ potius amicitiae, quam oppressæ esse videantur) :comprimere (to stop or quell by main force ; e. g., tumultum, seditionem) :obruere (to cover over with a mass that crushes or overwhelms one) :obtundere (to beat on anything and thus deprive it of its power ; e. g., to dull the mental powers, mentem, ingenia).To crush anybody’s pride, superbiam alicujus retundere (Phædrus, 4, 23, 21) :a manly character is not to be crushed by pain, viri non est debilitari dolore, frangi, succumbere :to be crushed (e. g., under deep affliction), ægritudine afflictum debilitatumque esse; by a burden, onere opprimi, deprimi :to be crushed by the magnitude of debts, an affair, etc., obrui ære alieno, negotii magnitudine :to be almost crushed by one’s own greatness, magnitudine sua laborare :by the power of fate, impetum fortunæ superare non posse :to crush anybody, aliquem obruere (Propertius, Deus me obruit) :aliquem or alicujus opes contundere (crush his power) :aliquem conterere or contemptim conterere (Plautus ) :aliquem frangere (break his spirit ; opposed to erigere) :aliquem deprimere (sink him or his scale ; opposed to extollere) :tyrannica crudelitate importune vexare (of a tyrant ; e. g., speaking of a nation ; vid. Justin, 42, 1, 3) :tyrannum esse in aliquem ; superbe crudeliterque tractare aliquem (of a single individual; [vid. Cicero, Phil., 13, 8, 17 : Justin, 42, 1, 3) :to crush anybody’s hopes, alicujus spem exstinguere, incidere or infringere :anybody’s power, alicujus opes contundere ; alicujus potentiam exstinguere :to crush the enemy, hostes profligare.
CRUSH, INTR., densari; condensari; spissari; conspissari ; concrescere. compressione coactum esse (Vitrvius).κυρικιμασαηικο CRUST, s. crusta (any natural rind or coating ; e. g., of bread, a wound, etc.).To cover with a crust, crustare : crusta obducere : covered with a crust, crustatus :crustosus :the
crust of bread, crusta panis. A crust (= morsel) of bread, frustum (diminutive, frustulum).I have not a crust of bread to eat, vid. CRUMB.
CRUST, TR., crustare; crusta obducere :INTR., crustari.
CRUSTACEOUS, crustatus :crustosus ; e. g., crustata, plural (sc. animalia, crustaceous animals, Plinius, 11, 37, 62). CRUSTILY, Vid. CROSSLY.
CRUSTINESS, Vid. CRABBEDNESS, CROSSNESS.
CRUSTY, || Covered with a crust [vid. CRUST]. || Morose. Vid. CROSS, CRABBED. CRUTCH, s. baculum (with the ancients, anything that would serve as a support in walking).To lean on a crutch, baculo inniti (Ovidius, Met., 14, 655) :to walk with a crutch, baculo levare membra (ibid., 8, 693). CRUTCH, v. baculo levare :firmare.
CRY, v. || Shout out, clamare (general term, to raise one’s voice, also to cry out ; e. g., for sale, etc.) :conclamare (of several persons, but its meaning the same as that of clamare) :proclamare (to cry aloud ; but in prose generally used in speaking of the “præco” or crier) :vociferari (to cry violently, passionately, on account of pain, dissatisfaction, anger, and the like) :exclamare (to scream) :clamorem edere or tollere (to raise a cry) :plorare (to bewail, to weep) :quiritare (to cry pitiably) :vocem intendere (to raise one’s voice, opposed to vocem remittere) :to cry out (in a murmuring, threatening manner), fremere (with accusative, or accusative and infinitive ; e. g., Arrius ereptum sibi consulatum fremit) :clamare de aliqua re (to utter cries about anything).to cry out for anybody, clamare or inclamare aliquem :to cry out after a person, clamore aliquem insequi ; clamoribus aliquem consectari :to cry out to anybody for help, vocare aliquem in auxilium :to cry with all one’s might, maxima voce clamare ; altum clamorem tollere ; or clamitare only :clamando aures alicujus fatigare (after Livius, 9, 20) or obtundere (after Terentius, Heaut.,2, 3, 89) :tn cry or shout anything into anybody’s ear, aures alicujus personam (Horatius, Ep., 1, 1, 7).[Vid. To SHOUT.] To cry out “fire!’ ignem conclamare (Seneca, De Ira, 3, 43, 3) :they cried out, ” robbers!” conclamant latrones. || To complain loudly, gemitus edere :suspirare (to sigh loudly) ; also ab imo pectore suspirare or suspiria ducere (Ovidius, Met.,2, 156) . [Vid. To SIGH.] || To cry from pain, grief, etc.:plorare (to weep aloud with passionate expression of grief, especially of children ; cf.Seneca, Ep., 63, 1 :lacrimandum est, non plorandum) :lacrimare (to shed tears, whether from joy or sorrow) :flere (to weep : between the passionless lacrimare and plorare) :ejulare (to wail with cries and sobs) :vagire (of young children) :lamentari (of a long-continued wailing).To make anybody cry , lacrimas or fletum alicui movere ; lacrimas alicui elicere or excutere ; aliquem ad fletum adducere; aliquem plorantem facere :he cries for joy like a child, homini cadunt lacrimæ, quasi puero, gaudio (Terentius, Ad., 4, 1, 20) :I cannot help crying, nequeo, quin lacrimem ; lacrimas tenere non possum :do not cry ! ne lacrima ; ne plora :to cry about anything, lacrimare aliquid, or casum alicujus ; flere de aliqua re (aliquid is poetical only) :to cry one’s eyes out, efflere oculos ; lacrimis confici. [Vid. also, To WEEP.] || To proclaim publicly :pronunciare :renunciare (to make known, by crying out, the latter especially at the election of magistrates. vid. Bremi, Suetonius,Cæsar, 41 ; Schutz, Lex. Cicero, sub under the words) :prædicare (if by a herald ; e. g., a victory, an auction) :indicere (to proclaim a solemnity) :declarare (to declare publicly) :clamitare (to cry out in the streets for sale ; e. g., figs, cauneas) :to have anything cried, aliquid per præconem pronunciare, aliquid præconi, or sub præcone, or præconis voci subjicere :aliquid per præconem vendere (e. g., with regard to anything offered for sale) . [Vid. PROMULGATE, PROCLAIM.] || To CRY DOWN (to depreciate); de aliquo detrahendi causa dicere :detrahere de aliquo :obtrectare alicui : vituperando affligere aliquid : (verbis) elevare aliquem or aliquid (e. g., alicujus facta or res gestas ; alicujus auctoritatem): detrectare aliquid (e. g., anybody’s advantages, alicujus virtutes) :alicui infamiam movere ; aliquem infamare ; aliquem diffamare or aliquem variis rumoribus differre (stronger terms). [SYN. in DECRY.] || To CRY UNTO [vid. To INVOKE]. || To CRY UP :aliquem pleniore ore or utroque pollice laudare; plena manu alicujus laudes in astra tollere :aliquem honorificentissime laudare ; dilaudare (to praise beyond measure) [vid. also, To PRAISE]. || To CRY OUT AGAINST, fremere adversus aliquid.For CRY OUT, vid. beginning of article. CRY, s. || Clamor :clamor (e. g., to raise a cry , clamorem edere or tollere) :exclamatio :acclamatio (exclamation ; acclamatio, also the rhetorical figure, ἐπιφώνημα Quintilianus,8, 5, 11): pronunciatio :promulgatio (proclamation) :præconium (if by a herald or crier ; e. g., proclamation respecting a public sale) :vox (the sound of the voice ; e. g., vox lugubris, a plaintive cry; also ejulatio : ejulatus) :quiritatus (a whimpering cry ).To utter a cry of pain or anguish, quiritationem facere or ejulare (if uttered with a plaintive voice) :cry of children, vagitus : a cry of joy, clamor et gaudium (Tacitus. Hist., 2, 70, 3) ; clamor lætus (Vergilius, Æn., 3, 524) :to receive anybody with a cry of joy, * clamore et gaudio or clamore læto aliquem excipere :the cry of hounds, latratus canum. || A battle-cry, clamor prœlium inchoantium (after Livius, 38, 17); shouting their battle-cry, clamore sublato :to raise the battle-cry , clamorem tollere [Cf., not classicum canere; i. e., to give the signal of attack by sound of trumpet]:
Cf., baritus (barritus or barditus is spurious) means the battle-cry of the Germani, which Tacitus, Germ., 3, 2, mistakes for the usual warlike hymn that was sung before the commencement of battle. Vid. Commentators on those passages.
CRYSTAL, s. crystallus.Glass that is as clear as crystal, vitrum translucens quam proxima crystalli similitudine : made of crystal, crystallinus :a goblet of crystal, poculum crystallinum :like crystal, vitreus (i. e., transparent like glass) .Rock-crystal, crystallus or crystallum.
CRYSTAL, CRYSTALLINE, crystallinus : vitreus (transparent, like glass) :A crystal cup, poculum crystallinum :crystal glasses, crystallina, plural :a crystal globe, pila crystallina (Plinius, 37, 2, 10) :a crystal mirror, * speculum crystallinum :crystal glass (i. e., the material itself), vitrum translucens quam proxima crystalli similitudine. || Clear; transparent :crystallinus ; pellucidus ; translucidus ; clarus ; lucidus ; translucens ; pellucens. [SYN. in TRANSPARENT.] The crystalline lens (in the eye), * humor translucens quam proxima crystalli similitudine (after Plinius, 36, 25, 67). CRYSTALLIZATION, * formatio crystalli.
CRYSTALLIZE, TR., * in crystallos formare: || INTR., * in crystallos abire.
CUB, s. catulus (diminutive of canis, but also applied in Latin to the young of other animals ; e. g., lions, cats, sheep, hogs, wolves, tigers, foxes, apes, weasels, lizards, serpents, etc.) :cub of a fox, also vulpecula (Cicero, N. D., 1, 31, 88; Horatius, Ep., 1, 7, 29 :Schmid., Auct., Carm. de Philom., 59) :cub of a whale (Waller), vitulus from the context (Plinius). CUB, v. parere :fetum ponere or procreare :catulos parere :fetus edere or procreare.
CUBE, cubus ( κὐβος , as geometrical body; pure Latin, quadrantal, * Gellius, i., 20) :figura ex omni latere quadrata (as figure, ibid) :corpus ex sex lateribus æquali latitudine planitierum perquadratum (Vitrvius ,5 Præf.) :in the form of a cube, * cubo similis.A cube (= cubic number), cubus (Gellius, 1, 20). || As adjective The cube root, * radix cubica.
CUBIC, CUBICAL, cubicus. A cubic number, cubus (Gellius, 1, 10) :cubic proportion, ratio cubica ( Vitrvius, 5, prefat., 3) :cubic measure, * mensura cubica :cubic mile, * mille passus cubici :cubic inch, * digitus cubicus :cubic foot, * pes cubicus.
CUBIT, cubitus and cubitum (Plautus, etc.) sesquipes (id.). CUBITAL, cubitalis (Livius, etc.) :sesquipedalis : e. g., latitudo (Vitrvius) :sequipedaneus (Plinius, 9, 27, 28). CUCKOLD, curruca (Juvenalis, 6, 276, Rupert. Called by the Greeks, κεπαρτίας, κεραςφόρος ).To make a man a cuckold, cum alicujus uxore rem habere ; alicujus uxorem adulterare.
CUCKOO, cuculus (cuctilus, Auct., Carm. Phil., 35); also as epithet with the ancients ; e. g., aliquem cuculum compellare (vid. Horatius, Sat., 1, 1, 31; cf. with Plinius, 18, 26, 66, 2). CUCKOO-FLOWER, * Lychnis flos-cuculi (ragged Robin, Linnæus). CUCKOO-PINT, * Arum maculatum (Linnæus). CUCUMBER, cucumis.A pickled cucumber, * cucumis aceto maceratus :cucumber seed, * cucumeris semen.
CUCURBITE, * cucurbita.
CUD, ruma :rumen :to chew the cud, ruminare or ruminari (TR. and INTR.) :remandere (TR. and INTR., post-Augustan). || FIG., to chew the cud of one’s thoughts, lustrare aliquid animo (Cicero) ; reputare aliquid cum animo (Sallustius); versare aliquid in animo (Livius); agitare aliquid in mente (Cicero), mente (Livius), animo (Sallustius) ; revocare se ad aliquid (Cicero). CUD-BEAR, * Lecanora tartarea (Bot.). CUD-WEED,* gnaphalium (Bot. ; gnaphalion, Plinius). CUDGEL, s., baculum (any stick; baculus is post-classical) :fustis (for beating) :scipio (σκίπων, σκήπων, for walking; but occasionally used as cudgel, Plautus ).To strike anybody on the head with a cudgel, alicujus caput baculo percutere.
CUDGEL, v. aliquem fusti verberare; fusti in aliquem animadvertere ; aliquem petere baculo (to hit him or strike at him with a cudgel or stick). CUDGELLING ; e. g., to get a good cudgelling or beating, male mulcari :to give anybody a good cudgelling, male mulcare
aliquem (comical only, probe percutere : bene depexum dare, verberibus or fustibus irrigare aliquem ).’
CUE, || A hint, signum (general term) nutus.To give anybody his cue, alicui innuere (if with finger, digito) ; capite nutare (with the head), nictare (with the eyes) ; alicui signum dare nutu (all of them of signifying by a sign what one wishes a man to do) :to give a man his cue secretly, alicui furtim nutu signum dare (properly, Ovidius, Fast., 1, 418) :summonere aliquem. on any subject, de aliqua re (of a private warning).To take one’s cue from anybody, ad nutum alicujus aliquid facere ; nutu quod vult, volet, etc. aliquiss, conficere :it would have been done in a moment, if I had but given him his cue, si innuissem modo, hoc facile perfici posset. || Humor, temper, vid. : temporarius animi motus (vid. Quintilianus, 5, 10, 28). [SYN. in HUMOR.] || The last word of a speech, on hearing which the other actor is to begin, verbum, quod alterius orationem excipit. || Straight rod, used by billiard players, * clava lusoria.
CUFF, s. || A blow, pugnus : colaphus ( κόλαφος , i. e., blow with the fist in anybody’s face) :alapa (with the flat hand).to deal or give anybody a cuff [vid. To CUFF] : to come to fisticuffs, res venit ad manus :ad manum accedere. || The end of a sleeve, (perhaps) limbus. || Handcuffs, manica.
CUFF, v. TR., pugnum or colaphum alicui impingere : aliquem pugnis cædere :aliquem colaphis pulsare :pugneo hospitio accipere aliquem (comedy). || INTR., pugnis certare or inter se contendere.
CUIRASS, thorax :cataphracta [vid. ARMOR].
Covered with a cuirass, thoracatus (Plinius); cataphractus (covered with defensive armor). CUIRASSIER, * eques thoracatus (after navarca thoracatus, Plinius); eques cataphractus ; eques gravis armaturæ :a regiment of cuirassiers, or cuirassier regiment, * chilias equitum thoracatorum or cataphractorum or equitum gravis armaturæ.
Cuirassiers, thoracati or equites thoracati.
CUISH (i. e., the armor that protects the thighs),* tegumenta ferrea femorum, or * squamæ ferreæ, quæ loricæ modo femora tegunt.
CULINARY, coquinarius (belonging to the kitchen ; e. g., vasa, Plinius, 33, 11, 49) :coquinaris is another form (e. g., culter, Varr. in Non., 195, 17) :coquinatorius (e. g., instrumentum, Ulpianus, Dig., 34, 2, 19, § 2) :culinary matters, * res culinaria :the culinary art, * ars coquinaria :* ars culinaria :culinary utensils, instrumentum coquinatorium :a culinary utensil, vas coquinarium (any vessel) :culinary vessels, vasa coquinaria; vasa, quibus ad cibum comparandum uti assolent or assolemus : vasa, quæ ad cibaria coquenda et conficienda pertinent. Vid. COOKERY.
CULL, eligere ; deligere ; seligere ; delectum habere, facere [SYN. in To CHOOSE] :to cull fine passages wherever one meets with them, omnes undique flosculos carpere atque delibare :to cull fine passages out of a book, e libro excerpere.
CULLION,A rascally cullion, homo deterrimus :scelus viri.
CULM, culmus (of corn, from the root to the ear inclusive) :calamus (properly, of a reed ; then, also, of corn). CULMINATE, in summo fastigio esse :ad amplissimos gradus promoveri or promotum esse (to reach or have reached the highest honors).The culminating point, summum fastigium.He has reached his culminating point, summus ejus felicitati cumulus accessit.
CULMINATION, summum fastigium (the highest point ; improperly). CULPABLE, reprehendendus :vituperabilis :vituperandus : reprehensione or vituperatione dignus (deserving reproof; SYN. of vituperatio and reprehensio in To BLAME) :malus (bad) :pœna dignus (deserving punishment) :animadvertendus (only of actions deserving severe notice or punishment ; e. g., facinus).To be culpable, in vitio esse (of persons and things); in culpa esse (of persons) .He who does not prevent the commission of an injury, when he can, is as culpableas, etc., qui non obsistit, si potest, injuriæ, tam in vitio est, quam si, etc.
CULPABLENESS, CULPABILITY, culpa (the guilt itself). By circumlocution. I deny my culpableness, non sum reprehendendus. I deny the culpableness of this, hoc nihil in se habet, quod reprehendi possit.Who does not see at once the culpableness of this act? quis non videt, hoc facinus pœna dignum or hoc facinus animadvertendum esse?
CULPABLY, male (badly). By circumlocution. To have acted culpably, in culpa esse :not to have acted culpably, a reprehensione abesse; sine vitio esse.He who suffers a wrong he might have prevented, acts as culpably as, etc., qui non obstitit, si potest injuriæ, tam in vitio est, quam si, etc. :to consider anybody to have acted culpably, aliquem nocentem habere.
CULPRIT, noxius : nocens : sons [SYN. in CRIMINAL]. Cf., “Reus ” = an accused person ; a defendant.
CULTIVATE, agrum colere :agrum arare, colere (the latter also of growing vines) :facere agrum (to turn into a field, in general, Columella, 2, 2, 8) :semen facere (to put the seed into the ground) :to cultivate a woody district, or a forest, silvestrem regionem in arvorum formam redigere ( Columella, 2, 2, 8) :a piece or tract of land that has never been cultivated, ager nulla ex parte cultus :to leave the care of cultivating one’s fields to somebody else, agros alicui colendos dare :the land is not cultivated, * terra non habet cultores ; * terra jacet inculta :soil that is fit to be cultivated, campus or terra arabilis ; ager culturæ facilis :a soil that is not easy to cultivate, terra vix ulla cultura vincibilis :the Gauls considered it degrading to cultivate their own fields, Galli turpe esse ducunt frumentum manu quærere. || Of intellectual cultivation, fingere :formare :conformare (to shape) :colere :excolere (to train and develope) :expolire (to polish) :instituere (to instruct in any given branch of learning) :to cultivate one’s mind, or mental powers, animum, mentem fingere or conformare :animum colere, excolere (doctrina) :to cultivate one’s manners, or those of others, mores conformare ; expolire hominemque reddere ; omni vita atque cultu excolere atque expolire; ad humanitatem informare or effingere :to cultivate the minds of youth, puerilem ætatem ad humanitatem informare ; juventutem ad honestatem fingere; juventutis mentem ad virtutem fingere :to cultivate anybody’s mind or taste for the arts and sciences, artibus et literis aliquem erudire or instituere :to cultivate an art or science, ad aliquid se applicare (e. g., ad philosophiam, ad eloquentiam, ad scribendam historiam, etc., Cicero) :ad aliquod studium se applicare ( Terentius, Heaut. Prol., 23) :alicui rei studere (e. g., arti scientiæ, literis, virtuti ; Cat. ap. Gellius, in aliqua re poeticæ artis non erat, si quis in ea re studebat, etc.) [Cf., artem colere, exercere, factitare, in aliqua arte versari = to practice it.] : doctrina (or disciplina) imbui or erudiri :to cultivate a taste for literature, literis studere ; literis se tradere or se dedere; literarum studio se dedere; animum ad studia referre :to cultivate the higher branches of the arts and sciences, altioribus studiis artibusque se dedere :to have cultivated the sciences, literis imbutum esse (vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 23) ; in literis aliquid profecisse (to have cultivated them to some considerable degree) :to cease or give over cultivating an art, desinere artem :to be no longer cultivated (of an art), cessare.
Cultivated nations, populi eruditi (vid. Cicero, Rep., 2, 10). || To cultivate anybody’s acquaintance, appetere alicujus familiaritatem : anybody’s friendship, alicujus amicitiam sequi; ad alicujus familiaritatem or amicitiam se applicare (Cicero) :to cultivate the friendship of the Athenians, ad Atheniensium societatem se applicare (Nepos). CULTIVATION, cultura :cultus (both properly, and improperly).
Cultivation of the soil, agri cultura ; or cultura only, or agricultus, or agri cultio, or agrorum cultus (general term) :aratio (the ploughing) :arandi ratio (the mode or manner in which this is done). [Vid. also, To PLOUGH, PLOUGHING.] || Intellectual cultivation, animi cultus :cura (the care itself bestowed on the cultivation of an object) :humanitas (physical and mental elevation, especially with reference to manners and morals). (The words are found in this connection and order.) cultus atque humanitas :the cultivation of literature, literarum studia, plural :the cultivation of all the arts and sciences, omnes bonarum rerum disciplines :the cultivation of the liberal arts, cultus honestarum artium :studia liberalia.
CULTIVATOR, || With reference to agriculture, cultor : agricola :agricultor :colonus :
Cf., ruricola is poetical only [SYN. in PEASANT] : sator :qui serit (who plants ; Cf., plantator or qui plantat is not classical) :the cultivators of the soil in Sicily, ii, qui in Sicilia arant. || In an intellectual point of view, cultor :curator (who takes care of anything in general) :educator et altor (after Cicero, De N. D., 2, 34, in., one that nourishes and fosters) :fautor (one who protects or patronizes ahy or anything) :to be a cultivator of an art, arti alicui studere. Vid. To CULTIVATE.
CULVERIN, * colubrinum (sc. tormentum). CUMBER, impedire :obstruere [SYN. in To OBSTRUCT] : gravare :prægravare : molestiam alicui afferre or exhibere (to become troublesome to a person) :obstare or impedimento esse alicui (to be in anybody’s way) :onerare aliquem or aliquid aliqua re : onera alicui imponere.To cumber with cares, curis impedire (Terentianus).Vid. OBSTRUCT, LOAD, HINDER.
CUMBERSOME, CUMBROUS, gravis (heavy; burdensome) :onerosus (poetically, and post-classical, prose) :molestus :incommodus :iniquus (inconvenient, incommodious) :inhabilis prope magnitudinis (so large as to be almost
unmanageable, Livius, ; so inhabilis pondere, Curtius) :the cumbersome bulk of their huge bodies, inhabilis vastorum corporum moles (of elephants; Curtius) :durus (heavy in expression; of a verse, etc.) :operosus :laboriosus (laborious ; troublesome) :dirficilis. (The words are found in this connection and order.) gravis et incommodus ; laboriosus molestusque.
CUMBERSOMELY, graviter; incommode :onerose (very late, Paullus Nol.).
CUMBERSOMENESS, inhabilis moles (Curtius) :corpus vastum (huge body) :onerositas (very late, Tertullianus) :Sometimes onus, impedimentum, etc., may serve, or (of a verse or passage), duritas.
CUMBRANCE, vid. ENCUMBRANCE.
CUMIN, cuminum (if grown in a garden) :* carum carvi (if grown in the fields, common cumin, Livius) :seasoned with cumin, cunrinatus (late) :cumin-bread, panis cumlnatus (late) :cumin-broth, cuminatum (sc. jus, in Apic.,1, 29) :cumin-cheese * caseus cuminatus.
CUMULATE, v. TR., Vid. HEAP UP, or ACCUMULATE.
CUMULATION, vid. ACCUMULATION.
CUNCTATION, vid. DELAY.
CUNNING, s. astutia. calliditas (clever cunning, astut. as natural quality ; calliditas, as acquired by practice) :versutia (the cunning that is fertile in expedients) :vafrities (trickiness ; especially in legal affairs) :consilium, callidum inventum (a shrewd or subtle design, cunning, as single act ; astus hardly belongs to the prose of the Golden Age) :dolus (a subtle or cunning design or plot, for the purpose of defrauding or deceiving anybody) :ars :artificium (a trick) :to allow one’s self to be deceived by anybody’s cunning, arte or dolo capi, falli :to have recourse to cunning, arte uti, against anything, adversus aliquid (e. g., vim) ; dolum commoliri :to have recourse to cunning in deceiving anybody, dolum intendere ad aliquem fallendum. [Vid. DECEIT, FRAUD]. || Art , skill, ars : dexteritas : solertia :ingenii dexteritas :peritia alicujus rei. Vid. SKILL.
CUNNING, adjective || Crafty, astutus ; callidus; versutus; vafer; dolosus [SYN. in CUNNING, subst.]: veterator (of a person who, from practice, is versed in all sorts of trickery). (The words are found in this connection and order.) callidus et astutus ; astutus et callidus ; versutus et callidus ; veterator et callidus callidus et acutus ad fraudem : subdolus (deceitful, with cunning) [Vid. DECEITFUL.] || Knowing, peritus(usu) :usu atque exercitatione præditus (having experience) :expertus ; callidus; peritus alicujus rei :gnarus alicujus rei; exercitatus, versatus in aliqua re ; instructus ; sollers ; habilis; dexter [SYN. in SKILLFUL]. || A cunning woman, hariola :vates (fortune-teller). CUNNINGLY, || Craftily, astute; callide; versute ; vafre; subdole; dolose; fraudulenter [SYN. in CUNNING, subst.]. || Skilfully, perite ; scienter; solerter; prudenter; dextere or dextre; callide; ingeniose :most cunningly, solertissime.
CUP, vas potorium :poculum (general term) :poculum majus (of a larger size) :calix ( κύλιξ , beaker, of clay, glass, or metal, with one or more pointed spouts to it, Juvenalis, 5, 47 ; calix quatuor nasorum) :scyphus ( σκύφυς , a larger drinking-vessel, without legs and ears; this was also used at sacrifices, and was either of wood or metal) :calathus ( κάλαθος , like the expanded cup of a lily; vid. Voss, Vergilius, Ecl., 5, 71) :cantharus ( κάνθαρος , a sort of jug, of a largish size, swelling out in the middle, and with ears, made of clay, stone, or metal; it was particularly consecrated to Bacchus, although it was also made use of on common occasions) :capis :capedo : capula (a small cup with ears to it, made of clay, wood, metal, for sacted and profane use, although in the latter case considered as a rarity or article of luxury) :phiala ( φιάλη , a vessel with a broad, flat bottom, artificially wrought of fine metal or stone) :patera (a cup with a still flatter bottom than the phiala, like which it was made of some precious metal, etc.) :ciborium ( κιβώριον , in the shape of the pericarp of the Egyptian laburnum) :carchesium ( καρχήσιον , a tall cup, diminishing in circumference towards the middle, with ears, reaching down from the brim to the foot) :scaphium (in the shape of a boat) :cymbrium (also in the shape of a boat, though somewhat different from the scaphium) :batiola (a larger vessel, made of gold) :culullus (a clay goblet used by the pontifices and vestals at their sacred services ; then, also, a small jug of gold, used by the wealthy) :scutula or scutella (a flat square plate in the shape of a rhombus, also used as a drinking-vessel) :cyathus (a small vessel used for pouring wine from the ” crater,” in which it was mixed, into the cups of the guests ; vid. Horatius, Od., 3, 19, 12).A small cup, pocillum (Cat., and Livius) :to empty a cup at one draught or full, poculum, etc., uno impetu epotare :cups, pocula, plural ; vasa potoria, plural :silver cups, argentum potorium ; potoria argentea :gold cups, potoria aurea.PROV. ” There’s many a slip ‘twixt the cup, and the lip” [vid. SLIP, s.]. || Tea-cup, * pocillum ansatum in scutella positum (cup and saucer) ; from the context, * pocillum ansatum only. || Calix of a flower, doliolum floris (Plinius); calathus (later and poetical only).[Cf., Calix is not found in this sense.] || FIG. The cup of sorrows ; e. g., to empty the cup of sorrows to the dregs, exanclare omnes labores (“less correctly exantlare.” Freund.). || By metonymy, for WINE : to like a cup, vino deditum esse : vino indulgere :over his cups, in poculis : in media, potione :inter scyphos or pocula :ad vinum. A stirrup-cup, or parting-cup, perhaps * poculum viaticum (after cœna viatica, Plautus, which was given to a friend about to set out on a journey) :To have had a cup too much, bene potum esse; vino gravem, or vini (Cf., not vino) plenum esse.
CUP, v. per cucurbitulas alicui sanguinem detrahere (by means of cupping) ; also cucurbitulas admovere, or imponere or accommodare, or aptare, or agglutinare corpori (= to apply cupping-glasses). CUPPING, scarincatio (general term) :detractio sanguinis per cucurbitulas.
CUP-BEARER, minister or ministrator vini : a cyatho or a potione (sc. servus or puer. inscriptions of the time of the emperors, whence it may be inferred, that they were known as early as the Golden Age; cf. Horatius, Od., 1, 29, 7) :prægustator :prægustans (inasmuch as he tasted the wine before handing it) : Cf., pincerna [Asconius, ad Cicero, II, Verr., 1, 26 extr., and quite late] and pocillator [only in Appuleius Met., 6, p. 179, 16, etc.] should be avoided as later forms, very little used. The royal or imperial cup-bearer, cup-bearer to a or the king, etc., regis, Cæsaris a cyatho or a potione :to fill the office of cup-bearer, pocula ministrare ; stare a cyatho ; prægustare potum or pocula :to be anybody’s cup-bearer, alicui pocula ministrare ; alicui bibere ministrare ; esse a cyatho alicujus.
CUPBOARD, s. armarium parieti insertum (Plinius Ep., 2, 17, 8) :to make or to contrive a cupboard (in the wall), armarium parieti inserere :to shut a cupboard, armarium obcludere (Plautus ) :to open a cupboard, armarium recludere (Plautus ) :to steal anything out of a cupboard, ex armario subripere aliquid (Plautus ) :to cut out the bottom of a cupboard, armarii fundum exsecare :to place or put anything in a cupboard, in armario reponere aliquid (Plautus ).A meat-cupboard, or cupboard in store-room, etc., armarium promptuarium :a cupboard for books, clothes, etc., armarium librorum or vestium gratia paratum (Paullus, Dig., 33, 10, 3) :for books also, armarium parieti in bibliothecæ speciem insertum (Plinius, 2 Ep. 17, 8). CUPBOARD, v., in armario reponere (Plautus ) :* in armario condere, recondere.
CUPIDITY, cupiditas :cupido :(Cf., Cupido, for the most part, only occurs in the poets and historians never in Cicero) : cupiditatis ardor, impetus, sitis. aviditas : libido : [SYN. in DESIRE, s.] Insatiable, unrestrained, etc., cupidity, indomita atque effrenata cupiditas :cupiditas insatiabilis :to tempt the cupidity of anybody, alicui cupiditatem dare, or (stronger) injicere ; aliquem cupiditatem impellere ; aliquem cupiditate incendere, inflammare .For more phrases, vid. DESIRE, s.
CUPOLA, tholus.
CUPPING-GLASS, cucurbitula :To apply cupping-glasses. Vid. To CUP.
CUR, vid. DOG.
CURABLE, sanabilis; quod sanari potest. Cf., Medicabilis is poetical only ; and curabilis, in this meaning, not Latin.
CURACY, * sacerdotis vicarii munus.
CURATE, * vicarius or vicarianus (after vicaria præfectura, Ammianus; vicariani apparitores, Code Theodosius.) :* vicarius sacerdotis :or * qui successit vicarius sacerdotis alicujus muneri (after Cicero, succedam ego vicarius tuo muneri). CURATOR, curator, (general term for one on whom the care of anything devolves; e. g., ædiles curatores urbis, annonæ, ludorumque solemnium, Cicero, but especially as technical term the guardian of a person of age, until his twenty-fifth year [vid. Heinecc., Antiqq., Roman Synt., 1, 23, 6, p. 226, sq.], while tutor designates the guardian of anybody under fourteen, and thus, according to Roman law, not of age ; also the guardian of a spendthrift or one labouring under mental debility, etc.) :custos alicujus rei (e. g., hortorum, fani). CURB, s. || Properly, perhaps * catenula maxillaris ; [vid. BIT].|| figuratively, Restraint :frenum :coërcitio. to use the curb, alicui frenos adhibere (opposed to calcaria adhibere, to use the spur) or injicere, or (Curtius) imponere.
CURB, v. || properly, for curbing a horse :oream ori (equi) insere (to bit), habenam adducere :frenos adhibere or dare, equo frenos injicere :infrenare equum :frenare (to bridle). || figuratively, to restrain, hold in check :frenare :alicui
frenos adhibere or injicere. aliquem vinculo alligare et constringere (Cicero) :coërcere or cohibere aliquem :domare :reprimere ; to curb one’s passions, etc., refrenare, or coërcere, or comprimere, or continere cupiditates (or libidines); moderari cupiditatibus :frangere cupiditates :cupiditatibus imperare : anybody’s wrath, frenare alicujus furorem :not to curb one’s passions, etc., cupiditatum suarum licentiam non obtinere :to curb the licentiousness of youth, or young men, juventutem refrenare or coercere :uncurbed, effrenatus (both properly and figuratively); dissolutus (figuratively only). CURD, CURDLE, coire: spissari :(The words are found in this connection and order.) spissari et in densitatem coire :congelari :se congelare : coagulari (properly, to curdle by means of rennet ; of milk, etc.; then, also, to curdle in general, of any liquid mass) :to cause to curdle, congelare (by cooling); coagulare (by rennet, etc.) :Milk that has curdled, lac gelatum, concretum. [Vid. COAGLATE.] Milk curdles, lac coit; lac coagulatur (if by rennet) ; lac serescit ; lac spissatur (grows thick or thickens). CURDS, coagulum (lactis) :lac concretum :oxygala (sour milk).κυρικιμασαηικο CURDY, CURDLED :by the past participles of the verbs under To CURD.
CURE, s.,|| Of a disease, curatio (cura never occurs in Cicero, and but seldom in Celsus) :sanatio (act of healing, Cicero, properly, and figuratively ; e. g., malorum) :medendi facultas (the means of curing anything) :medicina (the remedy as prepared for anything, alicujus rei).A certain cure for anything, sanatio certa et propria alicujus rei (e. g., perturbationis animi, Cicero) a dangerous method of curing, curatio periculosa et anceps : to employ a method of cure, curationem adhibere morbo (in an illness) ; curationem admovere ad aliquem (to apply it to anybody) :this method of cure may be adopted in the case of young people, and whenever the evil is not of a serious nature, hanc curationem puerilis ætas et modicum malum recipit.A cure for evils, sanatio malorum (Cicero) :to follow a prescribed method of cure, curationem recipere :to undertake anybody’s cure, curationem suscipere :the method of cure promises to be successful, bene procedit curatio :to be called on to undertake the cure of a disease, ad curationem alicujus morbi adhiberi :method of cure, curandi ratio, via :curatio :medendi ratio :without a cure, insanabilis : qui etc. sanari non potest :anything is without a cure, non est in aliqua re medicinæ faciendæ locus :anything is the only cure for anything, alicujus rei in una aliqua re posita sanatio est :to attempt anybody’s cure by a different mode of treatment, aliam quandam curationem adhibere ad aliquem :to look about for a cure, medicinam alicui rei quærere (properly and figuratively,) || CURE OF SOULS, * cura animarum.Livings with cure of souls, * beneficia, quibus animarum cura subest (Cone. Trid., Sess.24, c. 12) : * beneficia curam animarum habentia (ib.) :livings without cure of souls, * beneficia, quibus animarum cura nulla subest (ib.) :one who has a cure of souls, * qui animos regit or moderatur : * animarum servator (not pastor) :* qui beneficium obtinet, cui animarum cura subest (after Cone.Trid.). CURE, v., sanare :sanum facere aliquem or aliquid :sanitatem alicui restituere (to cure anybody, or a disease, a wound, etc.,) :mederi alicui or alicui rei (to assist or help anybody by remedies ; all three as well of the physician as of the medicines or remedy, and also improperly, for ” to restore to a former healthy state or condition’) :curare aliquem or aliquid (to bestow the necessary attention and care on a person or disease = “treat anybody” or “anything,” but never in the sense of “effectually curing”).
Cf., Medicari or medicare does not belong to classical prose. To cure anything effectually or radically, aliquid persanare or percurare (post-Augustan) :to cure anybody perfectly, veram sanitatem alicui reddere :to cure one’s self by anything, mederi sibi aliqua re (e. g., cancros edendo) to be cured of a disease, sanum fieri ex morbo :to cure anybody mentally, sanare aliquem or alicujus animum ; aliquem ad sanitatem reducere, or perducere, or revocare :sanitatem alicujus animo afferre :to be cured mentally, ad sanitatem reverti, or redire, or se convertere :what cannot be cured, insanabilis ( Cf., immedicabilis is poetical). || To preserve, sale indurare :sale condire :sale macerare : salire : sale conspergere :salem aspergere alicui rei (to strew salt over or on anything, to salt it) :sale obruere (to put a great deal of salt on anything) :
Cured meat, caro sale indurata :the curing of meat, fish, etc., salsura.
CURELESS, Vid. INCURABLE.
CURER, Vid. PHYSICIAN.
CURIOSITY, || The desire of seeing something novel, etc., curiositas (very rare :
Cicero, Att., 2, 12) :nova noscendi studium :nova videndi studium :ignara visundi cupido (desire to see something novel; vid. Livius, 1, 9 :Seneca, Gellius, 9, 12, extr.) :spectandi studium (desire of viewing or beholding objects in general, Hirtius, B., Alex., 20) :audiendi et cognoscendi studium (Cæsar) :audiendi cupiditas (curiosity to hear, etc.) :exspectatio (the longing anxiety about things to come).From curiosity, spectandi studio; from curiosity to see the new town, studio videndæ novæ urbis (Livius, 1, 9).Anybody is possessed by an insatiable curiosity, est aliquis in curiositate δξύπεινος (Cicero, Att., 2, 12, 2) :to gratify or satisfy one’s curiosity, studio spectandi indulgere :after having satisfied his curiosity, omnibus perspectis :some of them were induced or led by curiositu to go there ; or, went there from curiosity, pars eorum spectandi studio ferebatur. || A thing not seen or met with every day, raritas :res rara :res rara visu or inventu :res raritate notabilis : res visenda (a thing worth seeing).Her ears were really a curiosity, gerebat auribus quam maxime singulare et vere unicum opus naturæ (Plinius, 9, 35, 58) :to be no longer a curiosity, novitatis gratiam exuere :anything that is quite a curiosity, monstrum.
CURIOUS, || Inquisitive, curiosus (fond of learning or finding out news or new things) :nova videndi or ignara visundi cupidus (anxious to see new sights) :spectandi studiosus (fond of seeing, gazing at, etc.) :audiendi cupidus (curious to hear).To be curious to hear, audiendi cupiditate incensum esse. (I am) curiosus to see him, ejus videndi cupidus :to be curiosus, esse curiosum, etc. :I am curious to learn, exspecto (am anxious) ; miror (our vulgar “I wonder;” vid. interpp.to Terentius, Andr., 4, 4, 11), e. g., I am curiosus to know (I wonder) what you want, exspecto, quid velis :I am curiosus to hear (I wonder) what cause or reason they will have to allege, quam causam reperient, miror. || Not common, rarus (not frequently met with; but if = singularis and eximius, it is only poetical) :singularis (unique in its kind) :eximius (distinguished by its peculiar features or advantages, rare) :insolitus :insolens (uncommon, unusual, of things ; e. g., word, precepis) :mirus (strange, of things) :novus (new, of things) :monstruosus (extraordinary, with reference to the nature of things; also of persons, with regard to their manners or conduct) .A curiosus person or sort of person, * mirum caput (comedy) :a curiosus chance, mirus quidam casus :a curiosus dress, dissentiens a ceteris habitus :it seems to me a curiosus thing, permirum mihi videtur :that sounds curiosus, hoc dictu est difficilius (vid. Cicero, Ecl., p. 199) ; hoc nescio quomodo dicatur (vid. Cicero, Tusc., 2, 20, 47) :it is curiosus how, etc., mirabile est, quam (with subjunctive) :how curiosus! mira narras or memoras! (i. e., you are relating curiosus or strange things.) || Worthy of being seen :spectatu dignus :spectandus. || Eager to obtain knowledge, * discendi cupidus or studiosus : propensus ad discendum :to be of a curiosus turn of mind, discendi studio or audiendi cupiditate incensum esse (stronger) . [Vid. INQUISITIVE.] || Accurate, curiosus (he who displays much accuracy, especially in investigations, etc.): accuratus (made with accuracy, of things) :diligens (proceeding with punctuality, precaution, and accuracy; or made with accurracy, etc.; in anything, aliqua re).To be curiosus in anything, curam adhibere de aliqua re or in aliqua re; curiosum or diligentem esse in aliqua re.
CURIOUSLY, curiose, raro [Cf., rarenter is not good Latin]; perraro ; perquam raro; rarissime (very curiosusly) :mirum in modum ; mire (strangely) :unice (in a unique manner).
Curiously dressed, cultu notabilis : to enquire too curiously, curiosius, quam necesse est, aliquid requirere :very curiosusly wrought, præcipuæ artis ; summo artificio factus ; summa or singulari arte factus; singulari opere artificioque perfectus ; politissima arte perfectus ; callidissimo artificio fabricatus. || In an enquiring manner, etc.; studiose ; cupide ; accurate; diligenter; eximie ; exquisite ; exacte ; subtiliter. [SYN. in CURIOUS.] (The words are found in this connection and order.) diligenter et accurate, accurate et exquisite.
CURL, v. TR., torquere :convolvere :involvere [vid. To TWIST] : crispare :concrispare (to make curly, in general) :To curl one’s hair, calamistro intorquere or convertere :calamistro ornare :calamistro inurere; also inurere only (with a curling-iron ; e. g., comam, crines, capillos).
Curled hair, capillus crispus :curled locks, concrispati capilli (Vitrvius) :curled (with an iron), calamistratus (also of one who has his hair curled in that way).
CURL, INTR., || To twist itself, curvari :se curvare : incurvari (to round itself, or assume a circular form, of things); also crispari; leniter inflecti ; se crispare or concrispare :se vertere or vertere only ; se convertere;
converti; se torquere; se versare; circumagi; ferri; se convertere et torquere circum aliquid; ambire aliquid ; versari, volvi, ferri circa aliquid [SYN. in To TWIST] :one whose hair curls naturally, cirratus :hair that curls naturally, cirrus (generally used in the plural).
Curling (of vapours), se concrispans (Vitrvius). CURL, s., cirrus (a natural curl) :having natural curls, cirratus : cincinnus (an artificial curl); he who wears them (cincinnatus) :annulus (a ringlet) :the ends of curls, cincinnorum fimbriæ. || Undulation, fluctus (a curling of the waves, as well as the wave itself). CURLEW, * scolopax arquata.
CURLING-IRONS or CURLING-TONGS, calamister :calamistrum ; also ferrum only :to curl one’s hair with the curling-irons, crines calamistro inurere :comam calamistrare. Cf., The slave who heated the curling-irons was ciniflo or cinerarius (Heindorf, ad Horatius, Sat., 1, 2, 98). CURLY, crispus (e. g., capillus).A man with curly hair, cincinnatus (naturally) : calamistratus (with the curling- irons).
CURMUDGEON, homo tenax; homo sordidus ; homo illiberalis, etc.
CURRANT, * ribes (Linnæus) :* fructus ribium (the fruit).The red currant, * ribes rubrum; black currant, * ribes nigrum. || (Dried) currants; * uvæ passæ Corinthiacæ.
CURRENCY, || Fluency, Vid. the word. || Course of things, cursus (rerum). || Current coin, nummi circumforanei (after Cicero, ad Att., 2, 1, 11), or nummi ; only lawful currancy, numi boni :copper currancy, æs signatum :silver currancy, argentum signatum or (from context) argentum only; vid. COIN.
CURRENT, vulgaris : usitatus (usual) :more or usu receptus :in usu or more positus (received as a custom, or generally received) :tritus (that has been and is still in use) :obsoletus (that has become common) :quotidianus (occurring every day). (The words are found in this connection and order.) usitatus et quotidianus; vulgaris et obsoletus; communis et vulgaris : vulgaris communisque : bonus (good, of money ; opposed to malus or adulterinus).To be current, in usu esse (usual) : valere (that has currency ; e. g., a coin); anything is current at a place, in aliquo loco versari (vid. Cicero, Manil., 7, 19) :to become current, more or usu recipi (to become an adopted custom) :a current opinion, opinio vulgaris or vulgi ; sententia vulgaris ; communis hominum opinio ; opinio vulgata (with reference to anything); omnium opinio de re :the current opinion, that, etc., opinio vulgata, qua creditur, etc. (vid. Livius, 40, 29) :according to the current opinion, ad vulgi opinionem; ex vulgi opinione :to render a word current by frequent use, tractando facere usitatius verbum et tritius ; verbum usu mollire :a current expression, verbum usitatum et tritum ; verbum vulgare or vulgi [vid. also, COMMON] :this is not a current expression, but a philosophical term, hoc non est vulgi verbum, sed philosophorum : a current saying, proverbium sermone tritum :to become current, in vulgus probari :to make current, probare (also of money, Tacitus, Germ., 5.)A thing passes current, aliquid sumitur, putatur, or habetur pro certo :alicui rei fides tribuitur :res fidem habet : aliquid in vulgus probatur. For current payment, præsenti pecunia. || The current year, annus vertens or hic annus :the current month, hic mensis.
CURRENT, subst. || Stream; Vid. || Course; vid.
CURRENTLY, vulgo (commonly; publicly) :It was currently reported, that, etc., vulgo loquebantur (with accusative and infinitive). || Fluently ; vid.
CURRENTNESS, vid. CURRENCY.
CURRICLE, vid. CHARIOT.
CURRIER, coriarius ; coriorum confector (late). CURRISH, mordax : morosus : acerbus : rixosus : rixæ cupidus.
CURRY, || To dress leather, subigere :depsere :conficere :perficere (to prepare ; e. g., aluta tenuiter confecta). || To beat, aliquem verberibus cædere or in aliquem verberibus animadvertere (with leather thongs or a whip) :aliquem cædere virgis (with a rod). [Vid. To BEAT.] || To curry favor with one, venditare se alicui : blandiri et suppliciter insinuare alicui (Cicero) :blanditiis et assentationibus alicujus amicitiam colligere or in alicujus consuetudinem se immergere ; blanditiis et assentationibus alicujus benevolentiam sibi adjungere (after Cicero, Muren., 20, 41); blanditiis influere in aures alicujus, insinuare se in alicujus familiaritatem ; gratiam sibi parere apud aliquem :to endeavour to curry favor with anybody, assentatiuncula aucupari alicujus gratiam ; locum gratiæ apud aliquem quærere. CURRY (a horse), strigili radere :subradere.
CURRY-COMB, strigilis.
CURSE, v., exsecratione uti.To curse anybody, exsecrari aliquem or in aliquem :devovere aliquem , also with the addition of diris (to devote anybody with execrations to the infernal gods) :detestari in caput alicujus minas et pericula (to call down on anybody’s head terrible dangers, Livius, 39, 10, 2) :detestari in caput alicujus iram deorum (to call on him the wrath of the gods, Plinius, Ep., 2, 20, 6) :alicui pestem exoptare (Cicero).Whenever they see you, they curse you, te – quum viderunt, tamquam auspicium malum detestantur.
Cf., Detestari aliquem , by itself, means merely ” to detest anybody,” but never ” to curse him :” male precari alicui (to wish him evil), diras (pœnas) imprecari alicui. [SYN. in CURSE, s.] To utter impious words, * impias voces jactare, emittere : diras voces addere.
CURSE, s. || Malediction, exsecratio (by which the wrath of the gods is called down on anybody) :devotio (by which anybody is excluded from everything holy, and devoted to the infernal gods) :imprecatio (by which the wrath of the gods, and evil generally, is called down on anybody) :the curse of the gods (inasmuch as it rests upon anybody), iræ cœlestes (vid. Livius, 9, 1). || An imprecatory expression, exsecratio :diræ :maledictum (malediction) :|| By Metonymy, cause of mischief, pestis; pernicies. (The words are found in this connection and order.) pestis ac pernicies.
Cf., “Lues” and “vomica” have not this meaning of “causing destruction or ruin.”
CURSED, devotus (that has been cursed) :exsecrabilis : exsecrandus (that is or ought to be cursed) :nefarius :nefandus (that is impious; sinning against what is holy or sacred; the latter of things only) :detestabilis (to be abominated). CURSEDLY, pessime.
CURSER, qui exsecratur, etc. [ Cf., exsecrator, very late, Tertullianus]. CURSING, exsecratio.
CURSITOR, magister scriniorum (later only) : CURSORILY, breviter (briefly) :leviter (lightly) :cursim (in running over anything) :strictim (superficially, briefly) :negligenter :parum diligenter (with little attention bestowed on it, inaccurately, opposed to diligenter, e. g., to work, to do anything, to write, etc.).To go through anything or read anything over cursorily, percurrere (also with the addition of oculo veloci) :pervolvere :pervolutare (i. e., merely to turn the leaves over) ; also ad extremum revolvere or strictim attingere (to skim anything over, or to run through it ; e. g., librum, a book) :to read the annals over (or go through them) cursorily only, paginas in annalibus percurrere (Livius 9, 18, med.) :to look at papers cursorily, scripta lectione transcurrere (Quintilianus 10, 5, 3) :to look over some books (or examine them) cursorily, libros cursim transire (i. e., at the bookseller’s, Gellius, 9, 4, p. in.). CURTAIL, curtare :decurtare (to shorten by cutting off apart) :detruncare (to cutoff and so mutilate) :subsecare (to cut off below, or a small part) :abscidere (not abscindere : to shorten by hewing off a part) :præcidere (to cut or hew off a piece in front) :recidere ; also præcidere (to cut from off the ends, to clip ; e. g., pilos, the hair) :resecare (to cut off what is too long). || FIG. to curtail anybody’s power, pinnas alicujus or nervos alicujus incidere :to curtail anybody’s anything, præcidere alicui aliquid (e. g., his liberty) :to curtail one’s expenses, parce vivere :sumtus circumcidere :modum facere sumtibus :impensas corripere (with regard to luxury, the last in Suetonius,Tiberius, 34) ; se cohibere (to restrain one’s self in one’s manner of living, in general) :to curtail anything that one has written ; e. g., commentarios, commentaries, writings, etc., in angustum cogere (Seneca, Ep. 39, 1) :injuria detrahere aliquid de aliqua re (to curtail or diminish in an unjust manner ; e. g., anybody’s wages or salary-, de alicujus mercede, after Cicero, Verr., 3, 78, 182) :deminuere partem alicujus rei, or aliquid de aliqua re :detrahere de re (to lessen anything by the abstraction of a part) :fraudare aliquem parte alicujus rei (e. g., servitia parte cibi diurni) :To curtail anybody of his rights, deminuere partem juris or aliquid de jure ; detrahere de jure.
CURTAIN, s., velum (general term for any piece of cloth or stuff, that is hung or spread before anything ; e. g., bed-curtain, curtain before a door) :plagula (curtain spread over a bed, a sedan-chair, etc.) :aulæum ( ἡ αὐλαία , a splendidly wrought curtain, especially to draw before or to spread over a bed, e. g., lectus aulæis obductus [after Curtius 8, 5, 21] then = curtain before the stage in the theatre, which was let down at the beginning of the piece [mittitur, premitur aulæum], and drawn up at the end of it [tollitur aulæum] ; compare Schmid, Horatius, Ep., 2, 1, 189) :to draw the curtains round anything, velis aliquid obtendere :to draw or pull down the curtains, vela obducere :to open or draw the curtains, vela reducere. || Term in fortification, murus intergerinus. || A curtain lecture, * uxoria admonitio or objurgatio :* uxoris nocturna objurgatio :to read a husband a curtain-lecture, maritum graviter monere.
CURTAIN, v. Vid. CURTAIN, subst.
CURULE, curulis.
CURVATED, curvatus; incurvus; leniter inflexus incurvatus [SYN. in CROOCKED].
CURVATION, curvatio :incurvatio :flexio :inflexio.
CURVATURE, curvamen (curved direction, as permanent and existing appearance) :curvitas :aduncitas (as quality in abstracto ; e. g., of the beak, rostri) :curvatura : flexura (curvature, in relation to other local objects) :flexus (a bending) :anfractus (the bending or winding, especially of a road; hence, from the context = winding of a road, in general) :tortus (a winding) :sinus (any winding, in the shape of a bay). CURVE, curvus :curvatus :incurvus.
CURVE, s. Vid. CURVATION, CURVATURE.
CURVE, v. curvare :incurvare : flectere :inflectere (to bend inwards) :Vid. also, To BEND.
CURVED, Vid. CROOCKED.
CURVET, v. Vid. To JUMP.
CURVET, s. saltus.
CURVILINEAR, * lineis curvis, or obliquis, or pravis. SYN. in CROOCKED.
CUSHION, pulvinus (general term) :pulvinar :pulvinarium (only of the cushons for the images of the gods ; vid. Ramsh. SYN. No. 391) :culcita (a mattress, to repose on, stuffed with some soft or compact substance) :culcita. quæ corpori resistit or in qua vestigium apparere non potest (a cushon or bolster, well stuffed) :a couch with cushons, lectus.A small cushon, pulvillus :
Cf., Torus is hardly used except by the poets ; for sofa, etc.
CUSP, Vid. CRESCENT.
CUSPATED, CUSPIDATED, cuspidatus ; acutus ; mucronatus ; spiculatus ; acuminatus ; cacuminatus ; fastigatus. SYN. in POINTED.
CUSTARD, perhaps * ovorum puls :* puls e lacte facta.
CUSTODY, || Imprisonment, custodia (general term) :career : vincula, plural. To keep anybody in custody, aliquem custodia asservare :to take anybody into custody, aliquem in custodiam dare, or includere, or condere ; comprehendere :to be in custody, in custodia esse : in custodia haberi or servari :custodia teneri or retineri. [Cf., For custodia libera, and the different degrees of custody, vid. IMPRISONMENT.] || Charge, cura :custodia : also (The words are found in this connection and order.) cura custodiaque :tutela : præsidium [SYN. in CHARGE] :to have in one’s custody, curare, regere, moderari aliquid :to give into anybody’s custody, credere alicui alicujus rei custodiam ; aliquid in custodiam alicujus concredere or committere :to give anybody into anybody’s custody, aliquem alicujus curæ custodiæque mandare ; aliquem alicui in disciplinam tradere (for the sake of being taken care of and brought up). || Defence, præsidium :custodia (the latter, safeguard). Vid. DEFENCE, PROTECTION. CUSTOM, || Habit, mos :consuetudo. (The words are found in this connection and order.) mos atque consuetudo : institutum (a custom now sanctioned either by formal or tacit agreement) . (The words are found in this connection and order.) mos atque institutum, or mos institutumque, or institutum ac mos :ritus (the external form observed in any holy or profane act). (The words are found in this connection and order.) mos ac ritus : cærimonia (the form in sacred things) :
Cf., Usus ( = the constant use of anything or practice of anything) always requires an object either expressed or understood, and can never stand for mos, etc. An old custom, vetus mos :vetus consuetudo :receptus inter veteres mos (i. e., a custom practised by the ancients) :mos ab antiquis ad nostram ætatem traditus :mos a majoribus or ab antiquis traditus :mos institutumque majorum :ritus patrius (a custom handed down to us from our ancestors) :it is the custom, mos est ; moris est :it is an old or ancient custom, a majoribus or ab antiquis traditus est mos ; a majoribus institutum est :it is a custom with the Greeks that, etc., est moris Græcorum, ut, etc. :it has thus become the custom that, etc., est hoc in more positum, ut, etc. :this used to be his custom, sic ejus erat mos :it happens to be my custom, sic meus est mos :it is a custom among them, ita illis mos est :custom requires that it should be so, consuetudo ita fert :against or contrary to cuscom, contra morem ; præter morem :according to custom, e or de more ; more ; instituto ac more :according to an old or ancient custom, recepto inter veteres more; vetere consuetudine ; more institutoque majorum ; recepta jam pridem consuetudine :to be received as a custom, in morem venire :to follow the same custom, eodem instituto uti :to introduce a new custom, novum morem inducere :sacred by custom, sollemnis (Livius 4, 53). || Habit of purchasing ; by circumlocution. To give anybody one’s custom, * a aliquo (multa) emere ; * alicujus tabernam frequentare : uti alicujus opera (to employ a workman).|| Customers, emptores (of a merchant) :* qui alicujus opera utuntur (of a mechanic) :to have a good custom, * multos emptores habere (of a merchant) ; * multis operam suam præbere or præstare (of a mechanic).He is losing his custom, * discedunt a aliquo emptores pristini. || Duty, vectigal (general term) :portorium (for imports and transit) :to pay the custom, vectigal pendere , portorium dare :Vid. also, DUTY.
CUSTOM-HOUSE, telonium or teloneum ( τελώνιον , τελωνεῖον , late) :A custom-house officer, portitor :telonarius (Code Theodosius, 11, 28, 3, extr.) ; exactor portorii (the receiver) : plural, qui vectigalia exercent atque exigunt.
CUSTOMABLE, vid. CUSTOMARY.
CUSTOMABLY, consuetudine (after the fashion or usage ; e. g., Romanorum) :ut solet :ut assolet .Vid. also CUSTOMARILY.
CUSTOMARILY, usitato more ; tralaticio more : more suo : moribus suis ; (ex) consuetudine. Vid. USUALLY.
CUSTOMARY, usitatus ; in usu or more positus ; usu receptus :consuetus (e. g., verba consuetissima, Ovidius).To be customary, in usu or more positum esse : usitatum, or morem, or moris esse. with infinitive, or accusative and infinitive, or ut :communi in usu esse :to be very customary, vigere :it was customary among the Greeks to, etc., moris erat Græcorum, ut, etc. :to become customary, in usum or morem venire ; usu or in usum recipi, in consuetudinem or morem venire : more recipi [vid. also, CUSTOM] : ab omnibus recipi : inveterascere (stronger terms) :to render anything customary, in morem perducere ; celebrare aliquid :anything that is customary, solitum.
Cf., “Customary ” may sometimes be translated by solere or (of persons) assuevisse, consuevisse :these are the customary signs of anything, hæc alicujus rei indicia esse solent. CUSTOMER, emptor; emens (general terms = buyer) :* qui opificis alicujus opera utitur (of an employer) :emens aliquid :qui emit aliquid (who purchases) : empturus aliquid :qui emere vult aliquid (who is going to purchase).A good customer of anybody’s, * qui multa or sæpe a aliquo emit (of a purchaser) :* qui sæpe alicujus opera utitur ; * qui operam alicujus exercet, alit, juvat (Bau., ; of an employer) : Warning ; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com bonum nomen (of one who pays punctually ; opposed to malum nomen).He is a good customer of mine, * multum pecuniæ ab eo aufero :magnum fructum ex eo capio (Bau.) :to drive away customers, emptores deterrere, depellere (Bau.) :to take away anybody’s customers, * emptores a aliquo avocare, abducere (Bau.) :to be losing one’s customers, * emptores a aliquo discedunt.