Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
CONTRAST, || In painting, architecture, etc., asperitas (relief; sharp contrast; opposed to monotonous smoothness; e.g., quum aspectus ejus scenæ propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus, Vitruvius, 7, 5; ut aspectus propter asperitatem intercolumniorum haberet auctoritatem, Id., 3, 3).To form a pleasing contrast, propter asperitatem omnium visus eblandiri, or habere auctoritatem:
Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
*grata quadam asperitate placere [Kraft gives from Doer., res inter se pugnantes, contrariæ invicem se excipiunt or mire occurrunt, which is not very happy].A contrast of colours, colorum varietas:dispares colores (Cicero, Fin., 2, 3, 10: varietas – proprie quidem in disparibus coloribus dicitur).There is too strong a contrast of colours, colores nimis inter se discrepant. || Striking dissimilitude, diversitas:discrepantia:dissimilitudo: mira quædam dissimilitudo:distantia (e.g., between characters, morum: pursuits, etc., studiorum).A striking contrast, mira diversitas (e.g., naturæ).To form a contrast with anything, alicui rei repugnare; cum aliqua re pugnare, or discrepare, or multum discrepare:a striking contrast, ab aliqua re abhorrere.There is a striking contrast between his actions and his words, facta ejus cum dictis discrepant:there is a strange contrast between such and such things, hæc inter se discrepant.Vid. DIFFERENCE.
CONTRAST, v. TR., [vid. COMPARE, INTR.] differre (multum):discrepare (inter se; cum aliqua re, a aliqua re; also in re, in any respect). CONTRAVALLATION,To form lines of contravallation, *munimenta munimentis objicere, opponere (Kraft). CONTRAVENE, contra aliquid esse: contrarium alicujus rei or alicui rei esse (to contradict it):ad vanum, or ad irritum, or ad vanum et irritum redigere (make of no effect):adversari:repugnare (oppose, contradict). CONTRAVENTION, violatio (with genitive; e.g., fœderis):to be in direct contravention of anything, aliquid migrare or transcendere (to transgress, jus gentium, morem, ordinem naturæ, etc.):violare (e.g., fœdus, jus gentium). (the words are found in this connection and order), migrare et non servare: adversari, repugnare (to oppose, contradict):to act in contravention of a law, legem migrare, or violare, or negligere.
CONTRIBUTE, || To give money jointly with others, etc., conferre, for any object, ad or in aliquid:pecuniam or stipem conferre:collationem facere (absolutely, to give a contribution):afferre aliquid (Cicero):to contribute for a public purpose, for the common good, etc., in commune, in publicum conferre:to contribute to a feast, symbolam dare (Terentianus, Andr., 1, 1, 61):to contribute according to one’s means, pro re sua or pro facultatibus conferre [ Cf., contribuere pecuniam in Cicero, Phil., 14, 14, extr., is now read attribuere, to give an order on the exchequer for payment; in the sense of “contribute,” it is found in the poets of the Augustan age, but not of money; e.g., of rivers contributing their waters, Ovidius, Mel., 7,231: of contributing to another some years of one’s own life, Tibullus, 1, 6, 64]. || To assist in effecting anything, conferre ad aliquid: vim habere ad aliquid:valere ad aliquid or (stronger) multum valere ad aliquid: prodesse or adjuvare ad aliquid (the latter also with ut):also adjumento esse alicui rei, alicujus rei, or in re adjutorem, or adjutricem esse (general term for affording any sort of help or assistance):alicujus rei or alicui rei esse ministrum or ministram (to supply the means of effecting it, in a bad sense; to assist subordinately in effecting it):to contribute much, plurimum conferre or valere ad; magnum momentum afferre ad aliquid:to contribute more to anything, plus momenti afferre ad aliquid (Cicero):running brooks contribute very much to the beauty of scenery, ad amœnitatem locorum salientes rivi plurimum conferunt (Cicero). CONTRIBUTION, collatio (act of contributing; e.g., collatio stipis aut decimæ; and ” contribution,” as thing; in post-Augustan writers, the contributions paid to the emperors):collatus, us (late; Censor., quum tuo collatu scirem me plura didicisse):*pecunia ad rem juvandam collata, data: stips:collecta, æ (money collected or contributed; the former especially, of what is begged; the latter at places of entertainment, etc.):symbola (contribution to a feast, comedy):[ Cf., Contributio not used in this sense except in Dig., and jurisconsults, but collatio, or, if a forced contribution, tributum: pecuniæ imperatæ or exactæ, etc., vid. IMPOST.] To levy contributions on the towns or stales, pecuniam a civitatibus cogere:to exact the payment of their contributions, pecunias exigere (with great strictness, etc., acerbissime):to demand a contribution from a guest, collectam a conviva exigere (Cicero):to give a contribution, stipem conferre; (for a feast) symbolam dare.A contribution to the expenses of a war, tributum, unde belli impensæ tolerantur (after Plinius, 12, 14, 32):to pay contributions, stipendium or tributum pendere:to refuse to pay their contributions, stipendium or de stipendio recusare:to levy contributions on a country, or put a country under contributions, regioni stipendium imponere, pecunias imperare, argentum in stipendium imponere. || Article contributed to a journal; to send many contributions to the transactions of a literary society, *acta eruditorum multis accessionibus augere (Morus). CONTRIBUTOR, collator (pre- and post-classical):tributarius:stipendiarius (who paid tribute, etc.). CONTRITE, *acerbissima pcenitentia afflictus.
CONTRITION, || act of rubbing to powder, etc., attritio, attritus, us (attritus, Plinius, Seneca,; attritio, perhaps only Lampridius, and Marc. Capella; Freund).To reduce anything to powder by contrition, quam minutissime commolere aliquid (to a very fine powder, Col., 12, 28, 1); aliquid conterere in pulverem (Plinius). || Deep sorrow for sin, *animus acerbissima pœnitentia afflictus [ Cf., contritio has the sufficient authority of Lactantius for ecclesiastical Latin. As distinguished from “attrition,” by Roman Cutholic writers, *contritio, quam Pontificii vocant. The Roman Catholics distinguish contrition from attrition, *Pontificii aliud contritionem, aliud attritionem esse volunt]. So deep or so sincere was his contrition, tanta vis erat pœnitendi (Curtius). CONTRIVANCE, || as act, inventio: excogitatio. || As thing, inventum:res inventa (invention; vid. Cicero, Brut., 56, 205):ars:artincium:machina (trick, artful means; in comedy, techna, stropha, from τέχνη, στροφή):machinatio (contrivance against anybody, in a bad sense).To apply contrivances, adhibere macbinas (ad aliquid faciendum, Cicero):to devise some contrivance, commoliri dolum et machinam aliquem; artificium quoddam excogitare:to ruin anybody by one’s contrivances, machinis labefactare or percellere aliquem (Cicero):The Greeks are adepts in all contrivances for getting money, Græci omnes vias pecuniæ norunt:a peculiar contrivance of one’s own, quod aliquis per se invenit. By anybody’s contrivance, alicujus macbinis (e.g., to be ruined, labefactari):alicujus opera (by anybody’s means or exertions); aliquo auctore.O cunning men! O clever contrivance! O callidos homines! O rem excogitatam! (Cicero). || Scheme, plan, consilium: ratio (means, method):machina:machinatio:conatus (malicious, ill-natured contrivance):To adopt, have recourse to, etc., some contrivance, consilium capere, inire:against anybody, in consequence of anything, contra aliquem, de aliqua re.Vid. SCHEME, PLAN. CONTRIVE, invenire:reperire (invent; SYN. in FIND):excogitare (think out; contrive as the result of thought):comminisci (devise, contrive, mostly in a bad sense; not used of material objects):machinari (to contrive artificial means; if against a person. in a bad sense; but also used of the contrivances of nature):moliri (something requiring great exertion, extensive combinations, etc., mostly in a bad sense, aliquid mali, insidias or periculum alicui):facere or efficere (to contrive to do anything; with ut, which, in short sentences with facere, is often omitted).Contrive to let me know, facito, ut sciam (Cicero):contrive to be at home, domi assitis facite:he contrived to get a surplus revenue, effecit, ut ex vectigalibus superesset pecunia, quæ in ærario reponeretur (Nepos).I contrived to get the first place in the affections of them both, effeci, ut neutri illorum quisquam esset me carior (Cicero):to contrive a plan for anybody’s destruction, ad perniciem alicujus aliquid cogitare (Nepos, Dat., 6, 8):to contrive crafty devices, dolos nectere (Livius), procudere (Plautus). CONTRIVER, inventor: excogitator:repertor(poetical and post-classical):architectus et machinator (the contriver of any bad business, troubles, confusion, danger, Cicero):auctor. Vid. AUTHOR.
CONTROL, s. disciplina (control of those who are teachers, including the state):coercitio (right of control over anybody, in aliquem; vid. Suetonius, Oct., 45):moderatio (act of controlling, calming; e.g., moderatio populi effrenati):potestas (power; e.g., of parents):ditio (power over one who is kept in subjection or complete dependence).To preserve or possess an absolute control over anybody, aliquem in mea potestate ac ditione teneo (Cicero, Verr., 1, 37; of one who is the creature of another):continere aliquem potestate sua (Cicero):to be under the absolute control of an individual, in unius potestate ac moderatione verti (of things that depend on his will, Cicero):to have no control over one’s self or over one’s mind; to have lost all self-control, exisse ex or de potestate (of those who, from last or rage, non sunt in potestate mentis, are not under the control of reason, Cicero, Tusc., 3, 5, 11).Any one has the absolute control of anything, alicujus est summa potestas alicujus rei (e.g., rerum omnium, Cicero), alicujus rei potestas omnis in aliquo sita est (Cicero):to have the absolute control of anything, alicujus rei (or alicujus rei faciendæ) potestatem habere; also, over anybody, alicujus (e.g., Pontifices potestatem habent judicum, Cicero):to be impatient of control, *alienæ auctoritatis impatientem esse: sibi indulgere:parental control, potestas patris:parentum disciplina:to
exercise severe control over anybody, aliquem severius coercere; tristiore disciplina continere aliquem:to be under anybody’s control, esse in potestate alicujus or alicujus rei (e.g., Pompeii, mentis, Cicero):to keep one’s feelings and one’s grief under strict control, motum animi et dolorem in sua potestate tenere (Cicero):to subject one’s self or submit to anybody’s control, se sub alicujus potestatem subjicere (Auctor ad Herennium, 2, 31, in.):to give up one’s power or right of control over anybody, ex potestate aliquem dimittere:to another person, omnem suam potestatem de aliquo tradere alicui (Cicero):to be under nobody’s control, in sua potestate esse (especially of a Roman who is no longer under the control of a father). || Counter -register, *rationes contra scriptæ (after contrascriptor rationum, Inscriptiones). CONTROL, v. || Keep in check, inhibere (to control a lifeless object): cohibere:reprimere:comprimere:supprimere: coercere:continere:frenare:refrenare [SYN. in RESTRAIN]: moderari:temperare [SYN. in GOVERN]: modum or moderationem adhibere alicui rei or in aliqua re. To control one’s self, se continere; sibi temperare; sibi imperare; animi potentem esse; animum suum comprimere, coercere; animo suo imperare:not to be able to control one’s self, intemperantem esse; sui impotentem or non potentem esse; sui non compotem esse; animo suo imperare non posse:to control one’s anger or wrath, iræ moderari or temperare; iram tenere, continere (opposed to iræ indulgere); iram reprimere:one’s passions, cupiditates continere, coercere; comprimere, frenare, domare ac frangere; cupiditatibus modum facere; appetitus contrabere; perturbationes in angustum deducere (Cicero, Acad., 1, 10, 38):to control one’s grief, dolori imperare; dolorem in potestate tenere:to control anything by strict laws, vincire aliquid severis legibus:not to be able to control one’s anger, ira teneri; impotentem esse iræ:to control one’s tongue, linguæ (or orationi) moderari; linguam continere; modum tenere verborum:not to bear to be controlled, *alienæ auctoritatis impatientem esse. || To control accounts, *rationes contra scribere (after contrascriptor rationum, Inscr.). CONTROLLER, || One who keeps in check, governs, dominator alicujus rei (e.g., dominator rerum Deus, Cicero):moderator: gubernator:rector:(the words are found in this connection and order), rector et gubernator (ruler, guide, etc., especially of God):repressor (one who represses, restrains; e.g., cædis quotidianæ, Cicero; tributorum, Eutropius):custos:curator (overseer, inspector):|| Controller (or comptroller) of accounts, contrascriptor rationum (Inscriptiones). CONTROVERSIAL, controversus et plenus dissensionis (Cicero, of a subject):pugnax et quasi bellatorius (Plinius, Ep., 7, 9, 7, pugnax hic et quasi bellatorius stilus):controversus (that which is controverted; e.g., jus controversum, Cicero, also that is fond of controversy, quod esset acuta illa gens et controversa natura, Cicero) [controversialis only Sidonius:controversiosus, Livius. controversiosa res, a thing in dispute: controversiosa res, Seneca, a disputed point]. Controversial theology, *theologiæ ea pars, quæ se in discrepantium opinionum disceptatione jactat (Fr. Jacobs):*theologia controversa (after jus controversum, Cicero): or *theologia controversa et plena dissensionis (after Cicero):*controversiæ theologicæ (after controversiæ scholasticæ, Quintilianus). CONTROVERSIALIST, *qui se in discrepantium opinionum disceptatione jactat:a stout controversalist, homo perpugnax in disputando (Cicero); qui pugnacissime defendit suam sententiam.
CONTROVERSY, controversia (the point about which a contest takes place, the parties placing themselves in array on different sides):disceptatio (aw amicable discussion, to arrive at what is true or right):to decide or put an end to a controversy, controversiam tollere, sedare, dirimere, distrahere, also componere (Cæsar):to judge controversies, controversias dijudicare:to leave a controversy undecided, aliquid in controversia relinquere:a controversy arises, oritur, exsistit, nascitur controversia:beyond all controversy, sine (ulla) controversia:to carry on the controversy till night, controversiam usque ad noctem ducere:to have a controversy with anybody, habere controversiam cum aliquo (de aliqua re):the whole controversy turns on this, de hac re omnis est controversia:I have no controversy with him, mihi cum eo controversiæ nihil est:to keep a controversy alive, controversiam alere [Cæsar, but of a dispute).[OBSERVE, controversari inter vos de aliqua re, to have a controversy about a matter, occurs once in Cicero, Fragm.; but that is authority enough.] || Subject of controversy, quæstio:res controversa: causa (the subject proposed, etc.), often circumlocution, quod cadit in controversiam.The controversy is this, agitur de, etc.:to become a subject of controversy, in controversiam venire:to be a subject of controversy, in controversia esse or versari:to make anything a subject of controversy, rem in (dicendi) controversiam vocare; in controversiam adducere or (Cæsar) deducere.
CONTROVERT, impugnare, oppugnare:to controvert successfully, [vid. REFUTE].To controvert anybody’s opinion, alicujus opinioni repugnare (Cicero); alicujus sententiam impugnare (Tacitus). CONTROVERTIBLE, quod in controversiam cadit or in controversiam vocari potest: controversus (that is controverted, and therefore disputable, opposed to confessus).(the words are found in this connection and order), dubius et controversus (e.g: res, Cicero):quod or de aliquo ambigitur (on which people disagree).A controvertible point, res dubia et controversa (Cicero); res de qua in utramque partem disputari potest (Seneca, Ep., 88, who also uses, in utramque partem disputabilis; which admits of arguments for and against).[On controversiosus, vid. CONTROVERSIAL.] Not controvertible, vid. INCONTROVERTIBLE.
CONTROVERTIST, Vid. CONTROVERSALIST. κυρικιμασαηικο
CONTUMACIOUS, contumax:pertinax [SYN. in OBSTINACY; contumax is also the proper legal term for one who disobeys the peremptory order of a court, Hermog., Dig., 42, 1, 53]: imperium detrectans (resisting authority; refractory).[ Cf., Refractariolus, pugnacious, once Cicero, Att., 2, 1, 3; but Orelli thinks the passage doubtful: refractarius once Seneca; præfractus is (1) rugged of style; opposed to rotundus; (2) harsh, unbending, præfractus et ferreus, Cicero]
CONTUMACIOUSLY, contumaciter:pertinaciter:[ Cf., not præfracte = “in a harsh, unbending manner, stiffly; ” vid. Cicero, Off., 3, 22] .
CONTUMACIOUSNESS, CONTUMACY,contumacia (also, in the legal sense, of disobeying an order of the court, etc.):pertinacia [SYN. in OBSTINACY]. To be guilty of contumacy (= i.e., of disobedience to the orders of a court), jus dicenti non obtemperare:to condemn anybody with costs for contumacy, contumaciam ejus, qui jus dicenti non obtemperat, litis damno coercere (Hermog., Dig., 42, 1, 53):to pronounce sentence against anybody, or nonsuit him, for contumacy, *in contumaciæ pœnam or contumaciæ nomine absentem damnare (Bauer). CONTUMELIOUS, contumeliosus (of persons and things; in aliqua re:adversus aliquem):probrosus (attacking one’s moral character).Contumelious language, contumeliosa dicta (Sallustius) or verba (Quintilianus); verborum contumeliæ [OBS., ignominiosa dicta, in connection with immunda dicta, Horatius, A. P., 247, not =” contumelious language”].To assail anybody with contumelious language, contumeliam jacere in aliquem; verborum contumeliis lacerare aliquem; contumelia aliquem insequi:to overwhelm anybody with contumelious language, contumeliis operire atque opprimere aliquem; vexare aliquem omnibus contumeliis:to look upon anything as contumelious to me, in meam contumeliam aliquid verto.
CONTUMELIOUSLY, contumeliose (Cicero,; also, contumelius, contumelissime). CONTUMELIOUSNESS, [Vid. CONTUMELY.]Contumeliousness of language, contumeliosa dicta or verba; verborum contumeliæ. CONTUMELY, contumelia (a wrong done to anybody’s honour).[For kindred meanings, vid. INSULT, AFFRONT, etc.] To suffer or bear contumely, contumelias pati. [ Cf., Cicero mocks M. Antonius for using contumeliam facere; but Freund observes, that it is not very clear why; whether because it was an archaism, or because it is used in the sense of contumelia affici, after analogy of jacturam facere. Contumeliam facere alicui, is used by Terentianus]. To assail anybody with contumely; vid. under CONTUMELIOUS.
CONTUSE, elidere (e.g., the foot, pedem):contundere (e.g., aliquem fustibus, pugnis; alicujus faciem palma, Juvenalis):obterere (by trampling on it):sugillare (to strike on the face so as to leave a bruise; cf. Schneid., Gr. Lex., on ὑπώπιον ). CONTUSION, compressio:contusio (as act):contusum (Scribonius, Comp., 209; Plinius, 29, 6, 39, etc.); *membri pars elisa (as thing; the injured limb). CONVALESCENCE, sanitas restituta, or (Justinus) recuperata: inclinata in melius valetudo (incipient convalescence, when the disease has taken a good turn):valetudo confirmata or a morbo confirmata; but as these rather denote ” recovery,” it is better to use circumlocution with convalescere. [ Cf., convalescentia, late; Symmachus]. To assure anybody of his speedy convalescence, dicere alicui, fore ut perbrevi convalescat.
CONVALESCENT, circumlocution. To be convalescent, convalescere: morbum (e.g., quartanam) passum convalescere (viresque integras recuperare); recreari e or a morbo; sanitatem recipere; evadere e morbo; ex incommoda valetudine emergere; sanum fieri e morbo; melius alicui factum est; aliquis melius se habet (is better).to be quite convalescent, plane convalescere:to be slowly convalescent, tarde convalescere or paullatim sanitatem recipere (Justinus).[vid. RECOVER.] [ Cf., convalescere ex
or de morbo: not, with Muretus, a morbo:the simple ablative after it denotes the means by which the convalescence has been brought about.] To assure anybody that he will very soon be convalescent, dicere alicui, fore, ut perbrevi convalescat.He is almost convalescent already, inclinata jam in melius ægri valetudo est.
CONVENE, || Convoke; convocare: to convene a meeting or assembly, concilium convocare; aliquos ad concilium (or ad concionem, Livius) convocare; concionem vocare, advocare. || To summon judicially (Ayliffe), citare (summon to appear; e.g., before a court):aliquem evocare, excire (on the part of magistrates):in jus vocare:in judicium arcessere (before a court of justice):INTR., vid. ASSEMBLE, INTR.
CONVENIENCE, commoditas:commodum: opportunitas (convenient nature of anything with reference to time and place). (In a house) one must consider convenience and beauty, est adhibenda commoditatis dignitatisque diligentia (Cicero, Off., 1, 39, 138):with these faults it has this great convenience in his vitiis inest illa magna commoditas (Cicero, Rep., 2, 4):the conveniences of life (opposed to to its necessaries), commoditas vitæ commoda, ornamenta vitæ: vitæ cultus (of refined, civilized life); also usus only (vid. Herzog, Cæsar, B. G. 6, 24).Conveniences, commoditates; commoda; opportunitates. At your convenience, or, if it suits your convenience, si commodum tibi erit; quod commodo tuo fiat; quum commodum tuum erit:but only if it suits your convenience, tuo tamen commodo; or sed tamen quod commodo tuo fiat: I would wish you to come as soon as ever it suits your convenience, tu, quod commodo tuo fiat, quam primum velim venias:from considerations of convenience, commodi causa. Vid. CONVENIENT. CONVENIENT, || Fit, suitable, commodus: opportunus (especially with reference to situation; then, also, from the time of its occurrence, its age, etc.):aptus (fit):accommodatus (ad aliquid; or alicui rei, adapted to it):idoneus (fit, convenient fin its natural properties). (the words are found in this connection and order), opportunus et idoneus; commodus et idoneus; habilis et aptus: appositus ad aliquid (e.g., well adapted for; menses ad agendum maxime appositi, Cicero).Sometimes expeditus (offering no difficulties; e.g., via).Very convenient, percommodus; peridoneus; peropportunus (alicui rei or ad aliquid):a convenient dress for running in, vestis commoda ad cursum. If it is convenient to you, si commodum tibi erit:but only if it is convenient to you, tuo tamen commodo; sed tamen quod commodo tuo fiat:I will not claim it till it is convenient to you, non exigam, nisi commodo tuo:when it is convenient to you, quum tuum erit commodum:come as soon as ever it is convenient to you, tu, quod commodo tuo fiat, quamprimum velim venias:see him yourself (i.e., have an interview with him) as soon as it is convenient to you, ipse, quod commodo tuo fiat, cum eo colloquere:a convenient time, tempus opportunum, idoneum, commodum:for doing anything, tempus ad agendum idoneum or appositum:a convenient house, *domus commoda or *commode instructa; domicilium bonum:a convenient opportunity, occasio idonea or commoda et idonea; opportunitas. || Proper, etc. (vid.), utilis: it is convenient, convenit (is suitable with infinitive, especially Lucretius; with ut, Cicero, qui convenit, ut qui – iidem improbos se quam populares esse malint):utile est (is useful):decet (is becoming). CONVENIENTLY, commode; opportune: bene: idonee:apte: recte:accommodate: apposite. SYN. in CONVENIENT.
CONVENT, monasterium:cœnobium (Scriptores Ecclesiastici):to go into a convent, *in cœtum monachorum or monacharum recipi: more Christiano cultui divino sacrari (of one who takes the vows, Ammianus Marcellinus, 18, 10, quite at the end.):of or belonging to a convent, monasterialis (late), or by genitive monachorum (monacharum), or cœnobii, monasterii.The convent walls, *muri, qui cœnobium, or monasterium, cingunt:the convent-rule, *lex cœnobitis (or monachis) servanda:the convent-school, *scholæ, in quibus a cœnobitis, or a monachis, literæ traduntur; *scholæ, quæ in cœnobio habentur.
CONVENTICLE, conventiculum (conventicle, used by Tacitus, for the place of meeting; so Arnobius):conventiculum eorum, qui patriam religionem, or patria sacra, deseruerunt.
CONVENTION, || An assembly [vid. ASSEMBLY, CONGREGATION]. || Agreement, vid.
CONVENTIONAL, quod fit (etc.) ex pacto, ex fœdere, ex conventu (Auctor ad Herennium, 2, 13, extr.), or ex convento (Cicero, Att., 6, 3, 7). (the words are found in this connection and order), ex pacto et convento. [ Cf., conventionalis, founded on, or relating to, a convention; e.g., conventionalis stipulatio, Pomp. and Ulpianus, Dig., 45, 1, 5 and 52.]Conventional, arrangements, pacta: pactiones. || The word is sometimes used in a wider sense for what is arranged by a tacit agreement or understanding; perhaps usu receptus (Plinius):tralaticius (handed down from father to son; a matter of routine). CONVERGE, vergere (in or ad aliquid):to the centre, in medium (Cicero, N. D., 2, 45, 116): to a point, ad unum idemque punctum vergere; *eodem vergere:to converge to that point, illuc vergere (Tacitus, but in a figuratively sense). CONVERGENT, CONVERGENCY,circumlocution with verbs under CONVERGE .From the convergency of all its parts to the centre, *ex eo, quod omnes ejus partes in medium vergunt, etc.
CONVERSABLE, affabilis: in omni sermone affabilis (Cicero). CONVERSABLENESS, affabilitas: affabilitas sermonis (Cicero, who joins comitas affabilitasque sermonis). CONVERSABLY, affabiliter (Macrobius, affabilissime, Gellius). CONVERSANT, exercitatus in re or in aliqua re facienda: versatus in re.(the words are found in this connection and order), exercitatus et paratus:versatus exercitatusque (who has been much engaged in anything, and thus has had much practice):peritus alicujus rei (skilled in anything):aliqua re instructus (furnished with it, of some knowledge; e.g., dialecticis, with logic, Cicero):to be conversant with all the usual topics and common-places of philosophy, habere omnes philosophiæ notos et tractatos locos (Cicero, Or., 33, 188).Not conversant with anything, in aliqua re rudis (Cicero):alicujus rei ignarus [vid. IGNORANT].To be tolerably conversant with anything, exercitationem modicam consecutum esse:I am conversant with anything, in aliqua re satis exercitatus sum; alicujus rei usu exercitatus sum:conversant with Latin and Greek, Græce et Latine doctus; doctus Græcis et Latinis literis (especially with Latin and Greek literature):conversant with the law, eruditus disciplina juris:to be conversant with many subjects, multarum rerum peritum esse:to be very conversant with anything, bene or probe versatum esse in re; magnum usum habere in re (to possess practical knowledge; e.g., of military matters, of politics, etc.):very conversant with nautical affairs, in rebus maritimis exercitatissimus paratissimusque (Cicero). || To be conversant about (e.g., mathematics are conversant about extension). Vid. TREAT OF.
CONVERSATION, sermo (mostly without definite or serious object):colloquium: collocutio (agreed upon for any given purpose; a conference) [= DIALOGUE, vid.]:a private conversation, sermonis cum aliquo communicatio:a familiar conversation, sermones familiares:confabulatio:a conversation for the sake of passing the time, sermones ludicri:a conversation (a tête-à-tête), præsentis cum præsenti colloquium; præsens sermo:a learned conversation, sermo doctus:to enter into conversation with anybody, se dare in sermonem cum aliquo; sermonem cum aliquo instituere, or ordiri, or occipere:to have or hold a conversation with anybody, sermonem conferre cum aliquo; cum aliquo colloqui:to have or hold a secret conversation with anybody, arcano or secreto cum aliquo colloqui:to carry on a conversation, sermocinari; colloqui cum aliquo; confabulari; sermones cædere or serere cum aliquo (with the notion of a familiar or agreeable conversation, sermones cædere especially Comically).I have a conversation with anybody, est mini sermo cum aliquo, about anything, de re:to touch on such or such a subject in the course of conversation, in sermonem delabi or incidere:to turn the conversation to some other subject, sermonem alio transferrer:the conversation flags, sermo friget:not to let the conversation drop or flag, sermonem quærere; fabulas arcessere (by endeavouring to find subjects; vid. Ruhnken, Terentius, Eun., 3, 3, 10):to break off the conversation, sermonem incidere or (if suddenly) præcidere [medium sermonem abrumpere, Vergilius, Æn., 4, 388]; inceptum sermonem abrumpere (Tacitus, Ann., 4, 60, 2); sermonem, quem inchoavi, abrumpere (Quintilianus, 4, 3, 13; hence abrumpere sermonem is by no means unclassical):the usual topic of conversation is, etc., sermo plerumque habetur de, etc.:to be the subject of general conversation (of persons), in ore or in sermone omnium esse; infabulis esse; omnium sermonibus vapulare:to become the subject of general conversation, fabulam fieri; in sermonem venire: in sermonem incidere (Cicero, Fam., 9, 3; tamen in sermonem incidemus):anything is the subject of every body’s conversation through one whole summer, aliquid unam æstatem aures refercit sermonibus:to report to anybody a person’s conversation, alicujus sermonem ad aliquem deferre:I will send you a full and exact account of the conversation I had with him, omnem illius meumque sermonem omnibus verbis expressum mittam:to say frequently in conversation in sermonibus dictitare (Cicero, Fam., 1, 9, quite at the end):to speak of anything frequently in conversation, aliquid crebris usurpare sermonibus:to take part in a conversation, sermoni interesse:a conversation gets abroad or is reported by anybody, sermo per aliquem emanat. There is some conversation about,
etc. [vid. TALK]:in the course of conversation, in sermone:to mention anything to anybody in the course of conversation, alicui in sermone injicere, with accusative and infinitive (Cicero, ad Div., 12, 16, 2):a thing is said in the course of conversation, incidit mentio de aliqua re; incidit sermo in aliquem rem. Crassus began the conversation, Crassus princeps fuit sermonis ordiendi:to carry on a conversation till a late hour (of the night), sermonem in multam noctem producere.he seized upon something that had fallen in conversation, and pretended that it was a commission, sermone aliquo arrepto pro mandatis abusus est (Cicero).The language of common conversation, sermo (= oratio remissa et finitima quotidianæ locutioni, Auct ., ad Her., Cf. 2, 9, 4, 19; soluta oratio, qualis in sermone et epistolis; and Horatius, sermoni propiora).|| Criminal conversation, adulterium.To have a criminal conversation with anybody’s wife, adulterio cognovisse alicujus uxorem. Vid. ADULTERY.
CONVERSE, s. || Conversation, vid. || In Logic (the predicate becoming the subject, and the subject the predicate), by circumlocution:in some propositions the converse is also true, quædam et retrorsum idem valent (Quintilianus, who gives as the example, vivit homo, qui spirat; and spirat, qui vivit; 5, 9, 6):of some propositions the converse is not true, quædam in contrarium non recurrunt (Quintilianus ib., his example is, movetur, qui ingreditur, which can not be converted to; qui movetur, ingreditur). CONVERSE, v.loqui cum aliquo (general term = to speak):sermocinare or sermonem conferre cum aliquo (to have a discourse):cum aliquo colloqui (of a tête-à-tête, especially to settle some matter):confabulari or sermones familiares conferre cum aliquo (of familiar or intimate conversation):to converse very agreeably with anybody, jucundissime loqui cum aliquo:to converse about anything, habere sermones de aliqua re; disputare de aliqua re (alleging reasons for and against anything):here they conversed on literary, scientific subjects, *erant ibi sermones de literis or de artium studiis atque doctrina:Tiberius hardly ever conversed even with, etc., nullus Tiberio aut rarissimus etiam cum (proximis) sermo (Suetonius,Tib., 68).To converse together, colloqui inter se or inter nos, vos, etc., [ Cf., colloqui secum = to converse with one’s self, to think over anything with one’s self, etc.] Vid. also, “to have or hold a conversation,” under CONVERSATION.
CONVERSELY, retrorsum (Cicero, N. D., 2, 33, 84: ex terra aqua, ex aqua oritur aer, ex aere æther; deinde retrorsum vicissim ex æthere aer, etc.So, too, retro, Lucretius, N. D., 1, 760).To hold good conversely, retrorsum idem valere:not to hold good conversely, in contrarium non recurrere (both Quintilianus, vid. under ” the CONVERSE”): CONVERSION, || Act of changing, change, conversio: commutatio. || Moral change, *morum mutatio: *ad bonam frugem revocatio (from vice):mores emendatiores: vita emendatior (with reference to one’s former mode of life, Ulpius, Dig., 4, 3, 11):*accessio ad Christi doctrinam (the embracing of Christianity).|| Conversion of a proposition (in logic), circumlocution by (idem) retrorsum dicere:vid. the CONVERSE.
CONVERT, s. *proselytus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Tertullianus):*qui a patriis sacris ad aliena transiit.To make a convert of anybody; vid. TO CONVERT.
CONVERT, || To change; TR., mutare (into anything, in aliquid):vertere (aliquid in aliquid):convertere in aliquem or aliquid (to convert anything or anybody into something or somebody else; e.g., Hecubam in canem; crimen in laudem; providentiæ munera in mutuam perniciem, Quintilianus):convertere in formam alicujus rei (e.g., terras in freti formam, Ovidius):fingere or formare in aliquid; transformare or transfigurare in aliquid; figurare in habitum alicujus rei (to give it the shape of something else); figurare in naturam alicujus rei (to communicate to it the properties of something else):transferre or traducere (in or ad aliquem or aliquid, or with adverb of motion to a place; huc, alio:to remove or change it from – to):To convert enmities into friendship, inimicitias in amicitiam traducere (Cicero,; of the ground or consideration that wrought the change):to convert pain into joy, dolorem gaudio mutare:to convert anybody’s gravity into mirth, alicujus animum ad hilaritatem risumque traducere (Cicero). || To change the use or destination of anything. To convert anything to one’s own use, aliquid suum facere: aliquid in se transferre (unjustly):convertere aliquid in suam rem or ad suum commodum (Cicero; tarn it to one’s own advantage or profit):to convert another man’s property to my own use:in meam rem aliena convertere (Cicero, Off., 1,14, 42):convertere in aliam naturam (to change into another nature). κυρικιμασαηικο|| To change beneficially; in a moral point of view, corrigere:emendare (to rectify):also mores alicujus emendare; aliquem ad virtutem revocare (with a aliqua re; e.g., a perdita luxuria, Nepos, Dion, 6, 2); aliquem ad frugem corrigere or compellere (comically): aliquem in melius traducere (Seneca, De Ira, 2, 13, extr.):one who is not capable of being converted, insanabilis. || With reference to opinion, aliquem de sententia deducere, demovere; in aliam mentem adducere; aliam mentem injicere; aliquem a consilio revocare (with reference to a purpose):opinione aliquem dejicere (with reference to a prejudice). || With reference to creed, *ad verum Dei cultum alicujus animum convertere. || To convert a proposition (in logic), idem, etc., retrorsum dicere. TO BE CONVERTED. || To be changed into a different substance, converti in aliam naturam: mutari in aliquid (e.g., in taurum):se vertere or convertere (in aliquid):transfigurari in aliquid (e.g., into a wolf, in lupum):abire in aliquid (e.g., oppidum abiit in villam). || In a moral point of view, mores suos mutare; in viam redire; ad virtutem redire or revocari; ad bonam frugem se recipere: morum mutationem facere; ad sanitatem redire – in melius traduci (Seneca):he is quite a converted character, totus factus est alius; commutatus est totus; in melius mutatus est. || In a matter of opinion, sententiam mutare: sententia sua decedere. || With reference to creed, *fictorum deorum superstitionibus purgari: *Christum sequi:*ad Christianam fidem transire (to embrace the Christian religion: of a heathen). CONVERT, INTR., Vid. TO BE CONVERTED, above.
CONVERTIBLE, commutabilis (Cicero and Quintilianus):but mostly by circumlocution with verbs in CONVERT. || A convertible proposition (in logic), quod retrorsum idem valet; quod in contrarium recurrit (Quintilianus). CONVEX, convexus: gibbus (opposed to concavus, Celsus, 8, 1, in.). CONVEXITY, convexitas (probably only in the elder Plinius):convexa (plural of convexum, substantively used; e.g., convexa cœli). CONVEY, || To carry, portare:asportare (from one place to another, as corn, effects, etc.):vehere: vectare (especially by animals, a vehicle, or by slaves, all three indicating the state of motion):ferre (to carry, e.g., a burden):bajulare (on one’s shoulders or back):transportare:transvehere aliquo (to convey either by water or land to a place; of persons and things):a loco transferre or deportare aliquo (to convey from any place to some other):transvehere (to convey across by means of a vehicle, etc.):abducere (to convey from a place, especially of persons, then of things also). (the words are found in this connection and order), auferre et abducere:perferendum curare (to convey to the place of its destination):comportare (to convey together, or to one place):transferre (convey across):devehere (from a place; e.g., aliquem equo devehere aliquo, to convey anybody from a place to some place on horseback):to convey provisions to the army, exercitui commeatum supportare:to convey food (the hand, etc.) to the mouth, cibum ad os ferre, admovere; manum ad os admovere:to convey across a river, traducere trans flumen:to convey anybody under an escort to any place, aliquem cum custodibus mittere aliquo:not one of the transports, that conveyed the soldiers, was missing, nulla navis, quæ milites portaret, desiderabatur:to convey the troops back in two embarkations, duobus commeatibus exercitum reportare (Cæsar, B. G., 5, 23, in.).|| To transmit [vid. TO SEND]: perferre (to carry to anybody; e.g., literas; and improperly, commissions or commands, alicujus mandata):perferendum curare (to have anything conveyed).He had every thing conveyed to his own house, ad se omnia transtulit (i.e., from another’s, Nepos):deportare (to have a person conveyed under the care of guards to the place of his banishment). || To convey one’s self to any place, se conferre aliquo:in aliquem locum se conferre:ire, proficisci aliquo. || To make over (a right or property), cedere alicui aliquid or aliqua re; concedere alicui aliquid; transcribere alicui aliquid (by a written document, Digesta):to convey a part of some property, cedere alicui aliquid de aliqua re:of one’s share in a thing, cedere parte sua; also cedere alicui possessione alicujus rei (e.g., gardens, hortorum):to convey property to a mortgagee, rem hypothecæ nomine obligare (jurisconsults).|| Convey away, amovere (e.g., nebulonem ilium ex istis locis, Cicero):demovere: removere (put it aside):portare:asportare (e.g., corn, effects, etc.):amoliri (to remove a mass by violent exertion):avehere:devehere (draw away by a vehicle or beast of burden: devehere mostly with mention of the place to which):abducere (properly to lead away a person; then also things). (the words are found in this connection and order), auferre et abducere. To convey away secretly or by stealth, clam removere: furto subducere (of hostages, Livius, 9, 11):subtrahere (e.g., the baggage, impedimenta). || To convey one’s self away, amovere se (e.g., he resolved to
convey himself away at once, and to the greatest possible distance, statuit repente recedere, seque e medio quam longissime amovere, Suetonius):abire, etc. [Vid. GO AWAY.]IMPROPRELY, To convey a meaning, mostly by vis subjecta est voci; hæc vis est verbi, etc. [Vid. MEANING.] || Communicate intelligence, etc.,Vid. COMMUNICATE, IMPART.
CONVEYANCE, || As act, transvectio (conveyance across, or from one side to the other; e.g., Acherontis):portatio (act of carrying away; transporting goods, etc.):asportatio (the conveying or carrying away; Cicero, Verr., 2, 4, 49, quite at the end, eorum [signorum] asportatio difficilis videbatur):vectura (the being conveyed by waggon or ship; pro vectura solvere; sine vecturæ periculo; vectura mercium, Paullus, Digesta):exportatio (conveyance out of a country):deportatio (the being conveyed to the place of one’s banishment):invectio (conveyance into a country):subvectio and (Tacitus) subvectus (the conveyance of supplies to an army, etc., whether by land or sea):[Cf., Vectio occurs only in, efficere quadrupedum vectiones, Cicero; vectatio is exercise on horseback, or in a carriage, Suetonius] || A conveyance, [vid. VEHICULE]. In the plural, conveyances, vecturæ (for corn, supplies, etc., Cæsar, B. C., 3, 32).|| The means of conveyance, *occasio vecturæ (of getting anything conveyed):occasio vehiculi (for a traveller):casus navigandi (by sea).I have hitherto been unable to find any means of communication, *me adhuc vecturæ occasio frustrata est. || Conveyance of property, transcriptio (vid. Gaius, Inst., 3, 130: from anybody to another, ab aliquo ad aliquem):cessio (the giving up one’s rights over a property to another). CONVEYANCER, scriba publicus (general term for any scribe, notary, etc., authorised by the state):signator (one who signs wills, deeds, etc., as a witness):tabellio (who draws up deeds, wills, etc., Ulpianus, Digesta). CONVICT, convincere; a person, aliquem (also without any mention of the crime); of anything, alicujus rei, sometimes in aliqua re, de aliqua re (in pari peccato, Cicero; in homicidio, Plinius; in affectatione imperii, Tacitus); or with infinitive (e.g., to convict anybody of utter ignorance, aliquem nihil scire convincere, Cicero):coarguere aliquem alicujus rei (expresses generally only the hope of convicting; hence the perfect must be used of actually convicting; Ulpianus says, 1, 192, De V. S. arguisse = accusasse et convicisse):condemnare (to condemn, vid.). || To convict (a statement, etc., of falsehood, error), convincere: redarguere: revincere (by establishing the contrary).|| Convicted, convictus alicujus rei and in re; compertus alicujus rei: of an assault, de vi; of a capital crime, rerum capitalium.Convict by his own mouth or confession, convictus confessusque:Vid. CONDEMNED.
CONVICT, s., damnatus:condemnatus.
CONVICT, adjective, Vid. CONVICTED.
CONVICTION, || The finding, or being fourd, guilty; circumlocution with convictus, compertus, etc. [ Cf., Convictio, in this sense, not Latin.]If it is his second conviction, on a charge of this kind, si quo in pari ante peccato convictus sit (Cicero):[If it is not necessary to distinguish between conviction and condemnation, vid. CONDEMNATION.] || Full persuasion, persuasio; but mostly by circumlocution with persuasum habere, etc. [Vid. ” to be convinced,’ under CONVINCE].To entertain a full or firm conviction, persuasissimum habere; plenum persuasionis esse; mihi persuasissimum est; plane non dubito, quin certe scio (absolutely, and with accusative and infinitive). CONVINCE, convincere aliquem alicujus rei or de aliqua re (to make good one’s position against anybody by invincible arguments):persuadere de re (persuade a man; induce him to believe it):Cf., Instead of de re, persuadere takes the accusative, but only of a neuter pronoun:id, illud, quidquam, or unum, multa, etc. To convince anybody that, etc., convincere or persuadere with accusative and infinitive.To be convinced, that, etc., persuadetur or persuasum est mihi, tibi, etc. (Cf., by no means persuadeor, or persuasus sum):sibi persuadere (to convince one’s self):I am convinced, mihi persuasi; mihi persuasum est, of anything, de aliqua re; persuasum habeo (Cicero, Verr., 45, 25; but Zumpt strikes out persuasum and reads habent only) [Cf., persuasum mihi habeo, Cæsar, B. G., 3, 2, being a somewhat doubtful reading, is better avoided; although Herzog seems to defend it satisfactorily]:I am fully convinced, mihi persuasissimum est; plane non dubito, quin, etc.; certe scio, with accusative and infinitive. Sometimes exploratum, perspectum, cognitum habere aliquid (to know it for certain):I can not be convinced, non possum adduci, ut credam:I would wish you to be convinced, that, etc., hoc tibi persuadeas velim; velim tibi ita persuadeas; sic volo te tibi persuadere:I hope you feel convinced that I shall do every thing, etc., illud cave dubites, quin ego omnia faciam.Not to be easily convinced, non facile adduci ad credendum (Nepos):you convince me that it is just as you say (in a letter), prorsus ita esse, ut scribis, mihi persuades:I earnestly wish to be convinced of the existence of the gods, deos esse persuaderi mihi – plane velim:I could never be convinced that the soul, etc., mihi numquam persuaderi potuit, animos, etc. All men are convinced, that you are as sound a lawyer as any man living, constat inter omnes neminem te juris peritiorem esse:[OBS. That hoc, sic, ita, are often used with persuadere, where to us they seem superfluous; e.g., having convinced himself that my letters, etc., quum sibi ita persuasisset, meas – literas, etc.]
CONVINCING, ad persuadendum accommodatus: ad persuasionem appositus: firmus ad probandum (cogent; e.g., argumentum):gravis (weighty; e.g., argumentum; comp. Cicero, Roscius, Com., 12, 36); a most convincing proof, argumentum gravissimum et firmissimum.[Quintilianus uses persuasibilis = πιθανός, in three passages.]
CONVINCINGLY, ad persuadendum accommodate; ad persuasionem apposite (e.g., to speak, dicere):manifeste.
CONVIVIAL, || Pertaining to a banquet, convivalis (instead of convivialis; e.g., oblectamenta ludionum, Livius):epularis (e.g., accubitio, Cicero). || Fond of banquets, company, etc., qui conviviis delectatur: qui in conviviis versatur:qui nullum convivium renuit: qui cœnas obit; ad cœnas itat, etc. [epulo, late, Appuleius]. || One suited to be a pleasant guest.A convivial person, conviva commodus, hilaris. || A convivial meeting, convivium:compotatio (if there is much drinking):comissatio (of a riotous kind):accubitio epularis (in Cicero, but rather as a definition of convivium, etc.).
CONVIVIALITY, either circumlocution, by lætum convivam agere (Horatius), etc., or by the general terms for MIRTH.
CONVOCATION, convocatio (the act of convoking, Pseudo-Cicero). || Assembly, congregation, vid.
CONVOKE, convocare: to convoke an assembly of the people, in concionem vocare or convocare populum; also convocare populum only:to convoke the senate, senatum cogere or convocare:to convoke the soldiers, milites in concionem convocare (to an assembly): CONVOLVULUS, convolvulus (Plinius, 21, 5, 11). CONVOY, aliquem præsidii causa comitari: præsidio esse alicui or alicui rei (e.g., impedimentis):aliquem comitari (general term for accompanying). CONVOY, s. || As protecting force, presidium (general term):milites præsidiarii: (of ships) *naves præsidiariæ. To grant anyboby a convoy, præsidium alicui dare: a strong convoy, firmo præsidio aliquem munire:to grant anybody a convoy to any place, præsidium dare, ut aliquis tuto perveniat aliquem locum (Nepos Epam., 4, 4); efficere, ut tuto aliquis aliquem locum perveniat (Id., Timol., 2, 2).To serve as a convoy, præsidio esse (alicui, navibus, etc.).|| OBS. Sometimes “convoy” includes both the protecting and protected fleets (Webst.), *naves mercatoriæ (firmo) præsidio or præsidiaria classe munitæ; or commeatus (body of persons sailing, travelling together; e.g., commeatus nostri Pontico mari ac Trapezunte oppido adventantes, Tacitus).To cut off our convoys, commeatus nostros intercipere (if they were bringing in supplies). CONVULSE, PROPR. || Cause convulsions; spasmos facere (after spasmos fieri prohibet, Plinius, 30, 12, 36), and probably convellere, as convulsus is so used.IMPROPERLY. || Shake violently, convellere (e.g., rempublicam, instituta, etc.). (the words are found in this connection and order), labefactare et convellere:quatere:quassare:concutere:conquassare (to shake):percutere:percellere (to make a violent impression on anything: percutere, of a sudden, unexpected convulsion: percellere, of one, the effects of which are of long duration).To convulse the state, rempublicam convellere, quassare, concutere, labefactare, dilacerare:rempublicam atrociter agitare (Sallustius):the empire, regnum concutere, labefactare; imperium percutere:to convulse the earth (Thomson), terram ingenti motu concutere.To convulse anybody with laughter, magnum, maximum, mirum risum alicui movere, concitare.To be convulsed with laughter, risu corruere (Cicero), emori (Terentianus), rumpi (Afranius, ap. Nonn.); cachinnum tollere; miros risus edere.
CONVULSED, convulsus (medical technical term, Suetonius, Quintilianus).To be convulsed, convelli:spasmo laborare.IMPROPERLY Vid. CONVULSE.
CONVULSION, spasmus, spasma (both Plinius, σπασμός, σπάσμα ), pure Latin, convulsio (Scribonius., Comp., 165):to be seized with convulsions, convelli:one who is subject to convulsions, spasticus (σπαστικός ).Τo prevent convulsions, spasmos fieri prohibere (Plinius).Τo be useful in convulsions, ad spasmos utile esse.
CONVULSIVE, spasticus.
CONVULSIVELY, quasi spasmo vexaretur.
COO (of doves), gemere (Vergilius, Ecl., 1, 58).FIG.
To be billing and cooing (of lovers, etc.), columbulatim labra conserere labris (Mattius ap. Gellius, 20, 9, 2):labris columbari alicui (Mæcen. ap. Seneca, Ep., 114):columbatim dare basia (poet. in Anthol. Latin 3, 219): COOING, gemitus. || Billing and cooing, exosculatio.
COOK, coquus:feminine, coqua; coquula(diminutive):the head cook in the house of a wealthy Roman, archimagirus (ἀρχιμάγειρος, Juvenalis, 9, 109):to be one’s own cοοκ, sibi manu sua parare cibum:a cook’s boy, *puer culinarius; plural, culinarii (Scribonius, Larg., 230):hunger is the best cook, cibi condimentum fames est (Cicero, De Fin., 2, 28, 90):malum panem tenerum tibi et siligineum fames reddet (Seneca, Ep., 123, 2):a cook’s shop, popina:one who keeps a cook’s shop, popinarius (late).A cook’s knife, culter coquinaris (Varro). COOK, v., coquere (to prepare food by heat):mitigare: igne mollire (to make soft by heat):to cook anything in anything (e.g., in milk, oil, etc.), coquere in or ex aliqua re (e.g., in lacte; ex oleo, etc.); incoquere aliqua re or cum aliqua re (e.g., aqua ferventi, cum aqua):to cook anything well, percoquere:to cook some food, cibum or cibaria coquere:cibum parare or comparare (general term for prepare):to cook one’s own meal or dinner, sibi manu sua parare cibum:cooked, coctus; igne mollitus.
COOK, v. INTR.,coquinare (Plautus). COOKERY, res coquinaria: coctura (the manner in which one cooks).A cookery-book, liber, qui observationes coquendi continet (vid. Plinius, 18, 25):*liber, qui est de re coquinaria, or de opsoniis et condimentis:[ Cf., Liber de re coquinaria, would not be Latin.] (as title), de re coquinaria or de opsoniis et condimentis.Vid. also “the art of cookery,” in COOKING.
COOKING, coctura (the manner of cooking): also circumlocution; e.g., to make use of fire for cooking, uti igne ad mitigandum or ad molliendum cibum:meat for cooking, *caro coquenda:a vessel for cooking, vas coquinarium; plural, vasa coquinaria; vasa, quibus ad cibum comparandum uti assolent or assolemus; vasa, quæ ad cibaria coquenda et conficienda pertinent:the art of cooking, *ars coquinaria; *ars culinaria:wine used for cooking, vinum cibarium:wood used for cooking, ligna cocta, coctilia, acapna (dried wood which burnt without smoke):ligna, quibus ad coquenda cibaria uti assolent (after Columella, 12, 3, 2): COOK-MAID, Vid. COOK.
COOK-ROOM, *culina.
COOL, frigidus (that makes cool):alsus (cool in itself, of houses, rooms, etc.; it so happens that it is found only in the comparative; e.g., nihil alsius):somewhat cool, subfrigidus; frigidiusculus (late):to make or render cool, refrigerare:frigidum facere (frigerare and frigefactare, not used in prose). || FIGURATIVELY, Lukewarm, vid. TEPID. || With reference to temperament, tranquillus:quietus: pacatus:sedatus:placidus [SYN. in CALM]:lentus (indifferent):sævus (cool against a lover):cool in danger, impavidus; fortis (despising danger):to be cool, quietum, etc., esse. || Impudent, vid.
COOL, s. frigus (the being cold, and so refreshing, Horatius, Od., 3, 13, 10; frigus amabile):algor (the being felt to be cold):the cool of the evening, *aer vespertirnus: *aura spirans ab occidente.
COOL, v. TR., refrigerare; frigidum facere; vid. ” to make cool” in COOL: dare alicui frigus (to afford coolness):recreare (to refresh): to cool a person (who is in a perspiration) by fanning him, æstuanti lene frigus ventilare flabello (Martisalis, 3, 82): κυρικιμασαηικοthe winds cool the atmosphere, ventorum flatu nimii temperantur calores:to cool one’s self in the shade, umbris refrigerari.
COOL, INTR., frigescere:refrigescere:refrigerari (properly, and figuratively of persons and things):languescere: elanguescere (to grow languid, flag; e.g., industria):defervescere (of the heat, æstus; and improperly, of passion, ira): (sensim) residere (to subside; e.g., tumor animi, Cicero,; alicujus impetus, Livius; or animorum impetus ardorque, Livius; mentes a superiore certamine, Cæsar):remittere animum (opposed to a former state of intense exertion or excitement; ab aliqua re; e.g., a contentione pugnæ, Livius):Anybody’s zeal in a cause cools, languidiore studio est in re:to allow one’s zeal to cool, studium rei deponere:to allow one’s intimacy with anybody to cool, amicitiam sensim dissuere (Cicero, Læl., 21, 76; where amicitiam eluere is a doubtful reading). COOLER, *alveus refrigeratorius.
COOLING, refrigerans:refrigeratrix (feminine).Cooling medicines, draughts, medicamenta refrigerantia:All lettuces have cooling properties, est natura omnibus lactucæ generibus refrigeratrix:a cooling potion, potio refrigeratoria (Pelag., Vet., 28, med.):potio refrigeratrix, potio nivata (cooled with snow). || Substantively: the cooling of anything, refrigeratio.
COOLING-SALVE, *unguentum refrigeratorium.
COOLING-FURNACE, *fornix refrigeratoria.
COOLLY, frigide (figuratively in a cold manner, Horatius, A. P. 171, has gelide in a bad sense):languide:lente (in a feeble, sluggish way):placide:placate: sedate (in a calm, tranquil manner):æquo animo (with undisturbed tranquillity):lento pectore (Tiberius).to take anything cooly, æquo animo ferre aliquid: placide or sedate ferre aliquid:aliqua re non moveri:non laborare de re (e.g., de alicujus morte, to take his death very coolly):lento pectore ferre aliquid (Tiberius, 4, 11, 6):to look coolly on (at an action one ought to prevent), aliquem aliquid facientem lentus specto (Livius etc.):To praise anybody very coolly, frigide laudare aliquem (Gellius):to think a matter coolly over, tranquillo animo aliquid conferre (Cicero), reputare. || Bravely, vid. || Impudently, vid.
COOLNESS, *frigus temperatius or (Horatius) amabile; also frigus only, [vid. COOL, s.]. || Impudence, vid. || Bravery, vid. || Indifference, pectus lentum (Tiberius):lentitudo (indifference with which one looks on any wrong done to others):frigus (want of interest that one displays towards others). COOM, || Soot over the mouth of an oven, etc., *fuligo fornacalis.
COOP, || Barrel, cupa. || Cage for poultry, saginarium (e.g., includent in saginario; in this instance, for geese, Varro, R. R., 3, 10, quite at the end). COOP UP,Vid. to SHUT UP.
COOPER, vietor (Plautus, Rud., 4, 3, 51):doliarius (a doubtful reading, Plinius, 3, 6, 12). COOPERAGE, *vietoris merces. || Place where cooper’s work is done (Webit.), dolearia officina (Inscr., Orell., 4888). CO-OPERATE, una agere: in anything, juvare or adjuvare aliquid:to co-operate very effectually to an end, multum valere ad aliquid (vid. Cicero, Tusc., 3, 3, 5):in partem alicujus rei venire; interesse alicui rei (by personal attendance or influence):attingere aliquid (to co-operate in the execution of anything):not to have co-operated in anything, alicujus rei expertem esse; non contulisse ad aliquid (not to have contributed one’s share):to undertake to co-operate, capessere partem alicujus rei (e.g., belli).
CO-OPERATION, opera: auxilium.With anybody’s co-operation, alicujus opera or auxilio; aliquo juvante, or adjuvante, or adjutore:to promise anybody one’s faithful co-operation in anything, polliceri alicui nec infidelem nec segnem operam in aliqua re. Vid. also, PARTICIPATION.
CO-OPERATOR, socius:particeps or socius alicujus rei: affinis alicujus rei or alicui rei:adjutor (assistant):minister: administer (who takes or has a subordinate character in the performance of anything, mostly in a bad sense).(the words are found in this connection and order), minister et adjutor; socius et particeps alicujus rei; servus et minister alicujus rei:to be anybody’s co-operator in anything, alicujus socium esse in re:to give anybody a person as his co-operator, alicui dare aliquem ad rem adjutorem.
COOT, fulica (Vergilius and Plinius); fulex, fulicis, f. (Cicero, Poet, de Div.,1, 8, in.).
COPARTNER, vid. PARTNER.
COPARTNERSHIP, vid. PARTNERSHIP.
COPE, *stola sacerdotalis:vestis lintea religiosaque (Suetonius, Oth., 12). COPE, TRANS., fastigare (to terminate by a pointed top).To cope a wall, perhaps *coronam muro imponere, or *summum murum opere tectorio (testaceo, etc.) loricare (after parietes – opere tectorio marmorato loricare, to coat them with, Varro, R. R. 1, 57, 1). COPE,Cope with, confligere (general term, when the stress is on the vehemence, spirit, etc., of the combatants, not on the kind of weapons; of two persons or whole armies):obsistere, resistere alicui (stand against):certare cum aliquo or cum aliqua re (to contend against, with a probability of success; vie with).To be able to cope with anybody, parem alicui esse posse (Cicero, pro Font., 26).Not to be able to cope with anybody, alicujus potentiam sustinere non posse (Cicero, Phil., 7, 6, 17):parem alicui esse non posse (e.g., distracti adversariis pares esse non possumus, Cicero):with anybody or anything, non posse alicui or alicui rei resistere: cum aliquo or cum aliqua re certare non posse (Cicero). COPIER, COPYIST, transcribens – librarius (vid. Schütz, Lex. Cicero, s. v.):librariolus (diminutive). || Compiler, vid.
COPING, lorica (any defensive coat of stucco, bricks, etc., whether for walls or floors):corona: fastigium (fastigium, general term for top; corona, with reference to its being set on with a projection or moulding; it was also used for other mouldings or fillets:angusta muri corona erat; non pinnæ fastigium ejus distinxerant, Curtius, 9, 4).To put a coping on a wall, perhaps *coronam muro imponere, or *summum murum, or muri fastigium opere tectorio loricare:to put a brick coping on a wall, *murum opere latericio fastigare:*coronam operis latericii muro imponere.
COPIOUS, copiosus (also = copious in thought, opposed to exilis):abundans
(opposed to inops):largus:Sometimes dives, locuples (rich):a copious writer, scriptor creber rerum frequentia (Cicero, De Or., 2, 13, 56):a copious language, lingua locuples (Cicero, Fin., 1, 3, 10); lingua dives (Horatius, Ep., 1, 15, 9).A copious fountain, fons largus aquæ.A copious flood of tears, largus fletus. COPIOUSLY, copiose:uberrime:ubertim:abundanter: large: abunde:prolixe:largiter:too copiously, effuse. (the words are found in this connection and order), large effuseque.Vid. ABUNDANTLY, PLENTIFULLY.
COPIOUSNESS, copia: abundantia (abundance):rerum frequentia (of matter, as Cicero, De Or., 2, 13, 56; Thucydides creber est rerum frequentia).Copiousness of thought, crebritas sententiarum (Cicero, Brut., 95, 325). COPPER, || The metal, æs cyprium (sometimes fin context, æs only):cuprum (whence our “copper” and the German “Küpfer” are derived):of copper, cyprius; cupreus (late); cuprinus (late).To engrave on copper, in æs incidere:containing or abounding in copper, ærosus. || A copper (= small piece of money), nummus cyprius: as, assis (small piece of money):nummulus. Coppers, rudera, plural, (al. raudera: copper coins, æris acervi, quum rudera milites religione inducti jacerent, post profectionem Hannibalis magni inventi, Livius, 26, 11, 9, Drakenb.).A few coppers, nummulorum aliquid. || A copper (= vessel), vas cyprium (any vessel made of copper):cortina (round vessel for cooking, etc.; it stood on three legs):ahenum.
COPPER, v. (= sheathe with copper):*perhaps lamellis cypriis or æneis loricare.
COPPER, as adjective, cyprius; cupreus (late); cuprinus (late). COPPER-BOTTOMED,A copper-bottomed vessel, *navis, cujus carina lamellis cypriis loricata est.
COPPER-COLOR, *color cyprius.
COPPER-COLORED, æri similis (e.g., capillus):rubidus (e.g., rubida facie):æneus (bronze-colored, e.g., barba, Suetonius, Ner., 2). COPPER-DROSS, æris recrementum.
COPPER-MINES, metalla æraria, plural.
COPPER-ORE, chalcitis (Plinius). COPPER-PLATE, *pictura linearis per æneam laminam expressa (Ernesti):*imago ære excusa (Wyttenbach); figura ænea; also from context, imago only.A book with copper-plate engravings, opus picturis linearibus per laminas æneas expressum (Ernesti):*liber figuris æneis ornatus (the former, if it consists entirely of such engravings).The art of copper-plate engraving, *chalcographia.A copper-plate engraver, chalcographus.A copper-plate press, prelum chalcographicum.
COPPER-RUST, ærugo cypria:ærugo æris.
COPPER-SHEATHINGS, circumlocution with lamellæ cypriæ. A ship with copper-sheathings, perhaps *navis lamellis cypriis or æneis loricata.
COPPER-SMITH, ærarius.
COPPER-SNAKE, coluber chersea (Linnæus): COPPER-WIRE, virgula ænea.
COPPER-WORM, teredo.
COPPERAS, chalcanthum or (pure Latin) atramentum (Plinius, 34, 12, 32). COPPERY, ærosus.
COPPICE, COPSE,silva cædua (Catullus, Var., = silva, quæ in hoc habetur, ut cædatur; or, according to Servius, quæ succisa rursus ex stirpibus aut radicibus renascitur, Gaius, Dig., 50, 16, 30).In a less strict sense, frutices:virgulta, plural; fruticetum, frutetum:spinetum: viminetum [SYN. in THICHET]: locus teneris arboribus et crebris rubis sentibusque obsitus (after Cæsar, B. G., 2, 17). COPULA, *copula (technical term) or *copula, quam grammatici vocant.
COPULATE, || Couple, vid. || Sexually (of animals); coire (absolutely, or with cum):inire:comprimere (coire and comprimere, also of men; comprimere, of the peacock, Columella):iniri:maritari:marem pati (of the female). COPULATION, coitus: initus.The season of copulation, coitus tempus (general term):admissuræ tempus (of quadrupeds):tempus, quo aves coeunt (of birds).The natural desire of copulation, coitus libido: catulitio (of dogs ami wolves):subatio (of swine).The passionate desire, *rabies: coeundi ardor: salacitas. COPULATIVE, connexivus (e.g., conjunctio, Gellius 10, 29, 1). COPY, || Of any written document, etc., exemplar: exemplum:a copy of a speech written out by the author, oratio sua manu transcripta: an exact copy of a will, tabulæ testamenti eodem exemplo:testamentum eodem exemplo (Cæsar, B. G., 3, 108; Suetonius,Tib., 76, Bremi):a copy of a letter, exemplar literarum or epistolæ:I have subjoined a copy of the letter, earum literarum exemplum infra scriptum est:I have received a letter from Balbus, of which I send you a copy, habeo a Balbo literas, quarum exemplum ad te misi. || Copy of a painting, exemplar (Plinius); imitatio; *tabula picta ad aliam expressa.To make or take a copy (of a picture, bust), etc., (imaginem) exscribere pingereque (Plinius, Ep., 4, 28):picturam ex altera exprimere (Plinius):the copy of a copy, imitatio imitationis:to make a copy, imaginem exscribere. || Of a book, exemplar; exemplum: exemplar typis exscriptum (printed copy):before any copy was struck off, antequam liber typis exscribatur (exscriberetur):to publish a thousand copies of a work, librum in exemplaria millia transcribere, or, of printed copies, describendum curare.|| A copy (to be imitated by one who is learning to write), versus ad imitationem scribendi propositus (after Quintilianus, 1, 1, 35):literæ præformatæ (of single letters).To set a boy a copy, alicui præformare literas (Quintilianus; of single letters):alicui versum ad imitationem scribendi proponere (Quintilianus). COPY, v. || Imitate, imitari:imitando or imitatione exprimere:imitando effingere (et exprimere).Vid. IMITATE. || Of writers, painters, etc.:describere: exscribere (of a writer or painter):exscribere pingereque (of a painter only):to copy after nature, or the life, similitudinem effingere ex vero: rescribere (i.e., to write over again, make another copy):to copy anything with one’s own hand, aliquid sua manu transcribere:to copy the fifth book of anybody’s work, a aliquo librum quintum describere:to copy a writer word for word without acknowledgement, auctorem ad verbum transcribere, neque nominare (Plinius, Hist., Nat.,præf., § 22); furari aliquid ab aliquo (stronger term). || Copied, descriptus:exscriptus: transcriptus.
COPY-BOOK, *liber ad imitationem scribendi paratus (after Quintilianus, 1, 1, 35): versus ad imitationem scribendi propositi or proponendi (after Quintilianus, 1, 1, 35). COPY-HOLD, emphyteusis (ἐμφύτενσις: this is the nearest term of Roman law, being thus defined in Justinian, lib., 3, 25, 3:[prædia] quæ perpetuo quibusdam fruenda traduntur; id est, ut, quamdiu pensio sive reditus pro his domino præstetur, neque ipsi conductori, neque hæredi ejus, cuive conductor hæresve ejus id prædium vendiderit aut donaverit, aut dotis nomine dederit, aliove quocunque modo alienaverit, auferre liceat).A copy-hold estate, emphyteuma:prædium emphyteuticarium or emphyteuticum:ager beneficiarius or prædium beneficiarium (after Seneca, Ep., 90, 2).To grant anybody a copy-hold lease, dare rem per emphyteusin (Code Justinian, 4, 66, 1); prædia alicui perpetuo fruenda tradere (Justinianus, Inst., 3, 25).The law of copy-hold, *eæ leges, quæ ad prædia emphyteuticaria pertinent: lex, quæ emphyteuseos contractus propriam statuit naturam (Justinianus, Inst., lib., 3, 25). COPY-HOLDER, emphyteuta:emphyteuticarius (Codex Justinianus, 4, 66, 1). COQUET, v. oculis venari viros: in amorem pellicere (to allure to love). COQUETRY, nimium studium placendi viris (cf. Plautus, Pæn., 5, 4, 43):immodica sui ostentatio (after Appuleius Apol., 323, 11). COQUETTE, *quæ, quum nimis sibi placeat, operam dat ut placeat viris, or quæ nimis dat operam, ut placeat viris (after Plautus, Pæn., 45, 4, 43):improba juvenum circumspectatrix (Appuleius Apol., 323, 10):immodica sui ostentatrix (with regard to manners). CORAL, coralium or corallum (especially the red):corallo-achates (κοραλλοαχάτης, agate of coral, Plinius, 37, 10, 54):a coral necklace, *linum or linea corallorum (comp. Böttiger’s Sab., 2, p. 151). CORAL-FISHER, *coraliorum piscator.
CORAL-FISHERY; e.g., to carry on, etc., *coralia piscari.
CORAL-MOSS, *lichen corallinus (Linnæus).
CORALLINE, corallinus (κοράλλιον). (Poet, in Anth. Lat., 1, p. 651). CORD, restis(thin, of different lengths, and for various purposes):resticula; funiculus (diminutive):linum (especially for tying together documents, letters, etc., also for pearls or beads). || A measure for wood, *orgyia (ὀργυιά; the Romans had not this measure); *terni cubiti.
CORD-MAKER, restio.
CORD, v. constringere (e.g., sarcinam, Plautus, Trin., 3, 2, 96):colligare (e.g., vasa, of soldiers, Plautus, Pseud., 4, 3, 16: not to be confounded with colligere vasa, which was afterwards a technical term.):circumligare (aliquid aliqua re; e.g., chartam lino, Plinius). κυρικιμασαηικο CORDAGE, funes (cords or ropes in general):rudentes (of a ship). CORDIAL, s.potus jucundissimus; *potus vires reficiens:to give anybody a cordial, potione firmare aliquem. CORDIAL, adjective,verus (true):sincerus (genuine, sincere):suavis:dulcis (gratifying, agreeable):reficiens:recreans (refreshing; with animum, if relating to the mind).to meet with a cordial reception, benigne, comiter, amice, honorince excipi a aliquo (after Cicero):not to meet with a cordial reception, male excipi ab aliquo.A cordial reception, *liberalitas, comitas, humanitas, qua aliquis excipitur or accipitur.To send anybody one’s cordial salutations, alicui plurimam salutem impertire, or aliquem plurima salute impertire. Vid. HEARTY.
CORDIALITY, animus verus or sincerus (true, sincere mind):liberalitas, comitas, humanitas, etc., qua aliquem excipimus or accipimus (as shown in the manner of receiving a person).With great cordiality, animo libentissimo (very willingly):benigno vultu (e.g., recipere aliquem, Livius).To be received with equal cordiality, pari humanitate
accipi (Tacitus, Germ., 21). CORDIALLY, ex animo (from the heart; e.g., to love anybody; opposed to simulate):animo libentissimo:libentissime (very willingly):sincere (in a true, genuine manner).(the words are found in this connection and order), sincere et ex animo (Catullus):benigno vultu (with looks of kindness; excipere aliquem, Livius). To receive anybody cordially, aliquem benigne or benigno vultu excipere:libentissimo animo (or, of several, animis) recipere aliquem (Cæsar):*summa humanitate(liberalitate, comitate) excipere aliquem:læte accipere aliquem (after aut receptus est lætius, Velleius, P., 2, 45, 3).To salute anybody cordially, aliquem benigne salutare (Cicero, joined to comiterque appellare). Vid. HEARTILY.
CORDON, milites limitanei (late):to surround with a cordon, *fines præsidiis militum tueri. || In fortification, corona muralis.
CORDUROY, *pannus (xylinus) crassior.
CORDWAINER, Vid. SHOE-MAKER.
CORE, || Interior, medium. || Of fruit, volva pomorum (Scribonius, Larg., 104, extr.). || Matter, pus.
CORIACEOUS, corio similis (resembling leather):*e corio factus (made of leather):scorteus (from a hide or skin). CORIANDER, coriandrum (κορίαννον):Coriandrum sativum (Linnæus). CORK, || The tree, suber: *suberquercus (Linnæus):of a cork, subereus (late). || The bark of it, cortex (also metonymy = a cork for a bottle, Horatius, Od., 3, 8, 10):cortex suberea (late):made of cork, subereus (late).A cork jacket, cortex (Horatius, nare sine cortice, Prov.):scirpea ratis (Plautus, Aul., 4, 1, 9; pueris, qui nare discunt, scirpea induitur ratis). CORK-SCREW, *instrumentum extrahendis corticibus.
CORK SOLES, *solea e cortice facta.
CORK, v. *cortice obturare (after obturare dolia operculis, Vitrvius). CORMORANT, *pelecanus carbo (Linnæus). CORN, frumentum (general term):fruges (as it stands ripe in the field, or is reaped):annona (as brought into market and sold).Corn of this year, frumentum hornotinum:an ear of corn, spica frumentaria:the exporting of corn, *frumenti exportatio:distribution of corn, frumentatio:a heap of corn, frumenti acervus:abounding in corn, copiosus a frumento or a secali (general term where there is corn in abundance):terra frumento of secali ferax (rich corn land).Relating to corn, producing corn, frumentarius (e.g., leges; ager):the price of corn, annona, frugum pretium or pretia (general term Tacitus, Ann., 2, 59, 1):the present price of corn, hæc annona:the former price, vetus annona:the price of corn is altered, annona commutata est (general term): is rising, annona incenditur: is falling, annona levatur:the fluctuations in the prices of corn, annonæ varietas:to reduce the price of corn, annonam levare or laxare; frugum pretia levare:to raise it, annonam incendere, excandefacere, excande facere et incendere:annonam flagellare:a want of corn, rei frumentariæ inopia, or angustiæ, or difficultas; frumenti penuria; also (the words are found in this connection and order), annonæ difficultas et rei frumentariæ inopia:there is a scarcity of corn, annona laboratur:to be in want of corn, or to suffer from the want of it, re frumentaria angusta uti, re frumentaria laborare:to supply the want of corn, rei frumentariæ mederi; rem frumentariam expedire:a supply of corn, copia rei frumentariæ:to procure a large supply of corn, maximam frumenti vim comparare:anybody’s supply of corn is getting very low, re frumentaria aliquis anguste utitur; res frumentaria aliquem deficere cœpit (begins to run low).Corn fetches no price, annona pretium nou habet:to keep back their corn, frumentum (or annonam) comprimere (for the purpose of raising prices).A speculator in corn, qui annonam flagellat (incendit, excandefacit); qui iniquo fenore frumentum vendit (all = one who tries unfairly to raise prices).The crops (of corn) were very good this year, magnum proventum frumenti hic annus attulit (after Plinius, Ep., 1, 13, 7).The crops of corn had been very bad that year, anno frumentum angustius provenerat (Cæsar):Sicily was a very rich corn country, Sicilia erat frumento feracissima.A corn-field, ager frumentarius (general term):ager secali, tritico, etc., consitus (with rye, wheat, etc.).Good corn-land, terra, ager, etc., frumento ferax:the tithe of corn, decuma frumenti (vid. Cicero, Verr., 3, 70, in.). || Indian corn., *zea mays (Linnæus). || Corn on the foot, clavus pedis or clavus only (in clavus pedis, qui vulgo morticinus appellatur, Plinius, 22, 23, 49, morticinus was, probably, a bad kind of corn):thymium (a wart-like corn that often splits at the top, and sometimes bleeds; nascuntur – vel in palmis, vel in inferioribus pedum partibus, Celsus, 5, 28, 14):myrmecium (μυρμήκιον, lower, harder, more painful, and with deeper roots than the preceding; also in inferioribus partibus pedum, Celsus, ib.).to cure, extract, scrape a corn, clavum sanare (Plinius, Celsus); extrahere (Plinius), excidere (Celsus), superradere (Plinius; but the last only inparticiple superrasus):to remove a corn, clavum tollere (Celsus).To cure a corn with caustic, clavum medicamentis adurere (Celsus):a corn dies off, emoritur (Celsus).A corn should be kept well scraped, clavum subinde radere commodissimum est (Celsus,; who also uses, circumpurgare). CORN-BIN, cumfera (Horatius). CORN-BIND, *convolvulus arvensis (Linnæus). CORN-BLIGHT, *uredo frumenti (Linnæus). CORN-BLUE-BOTTLE, *cyanus centaurea (Linnæus). CORN-CHANDLER, Vid. CORN-MERCHANT. CORN-COCKLE, *agrostemma githago (Linnæus). CORN-CRAKE, *Rallus crex (Linnæus). CORN-CUTTER, *qui clavos pedum sanat, extrahit (after Plinius). CORN-FACTOR, Vid. CORN-MERCHANT.
CORN-FEVERFEW, *pyrethrum inodorum (Linnæus). CORN-FIELD, ager frumentarius: solum frumentarium (fit for growing corn):campus frumentarius (of greater size than ager). CORN-MARKET, *forum frumentarium:An inspector of the corn-market, qui rationibus frumentariis præest.
CORN-MARYGOLD, *chrysanthemum segetum (Linnæus)
CORN-MEASURE (a) modius (vid. Lucilius, Non., 18, 22; Petronius, 37, 2):modus frumentarius (Pand.). CORN-MERCHANT, frumentarius (negotiator). CORN-MILL, *mola frumentaria.
CORN-SALAD, *Valeriana locusta (Linnæus). CORN-TRADE, quæstus frumentarius (general term):negotiatio frumentaria (the exportation of corn from the provinces to Rome; Romans engaged in this traffic; they were then called negotiatores):to trade in corn (in this way), negotiari.
CORN, v., salem aspergere alicui rei.
CORNEL, cornus (*cornus mascula, Linnæus; called so from its hard horn-like wood).Also cornus, us; and cornum, corni, neuter (Ovidius) || The fruit, cornum (Vergilius, Colum., and others). CORNELIAN, sarda: sardachates (agate). CORNER, A. PROPRE., versura:angulus:the corners of the gable, fastigiorum versuræ:having corners, angulatus; angularis:having three corners, triangulus:that has four corners, quadrangulus:having several corners, angulosus (poetical., multangulus):that stands or is in a corner (e.g., windows, pillars), angularis (properly of that which has corners; hence, it can only be used of what both stands at a corner and is itself of an angular shape): in every corner, omnibus angulis; per omnes angulos (properly then also improperly = all over, every where, Seneca, Qu. N., 3, praœm. 6; Velleius, 2, 102, 3); ubique (everywhere):from all corners, undique:in no corner (i.e., nowhere), nusquam. The corners of the eye, anguli oculorum.To look at anybody or anything out of the corners of one’s eyes, limis oculis aspicere (Plautus ); limis spectare (Terentianus); limis oculis intueri (Plinius). || A hiding-place, angulus:recessus: latebra:latibulum (lurking-place):in a corner of Italy, in angulo Italiæ:in every corner, in omnibus angulis:a small corner, angellus (Lucretius, 2, 428, Farbig.) [Cf., angululus is a wrong reading; Arnob., 7, p. 253]. To hide in a corner. (intransitive), in occulto or occulte latere [Cf., in angulo latere, doubtful, Krebs]: (transitive) abdere (in aliquem locum); occultare.To be done in a corner, in occulto, occulte, sine arbitris, secreto, etc., factum esse [vid. SECRETLY]. To hide himself in a corner of Cappadocia, se Cappadociæ latebris occultare (Cicero; of Mithridates):good men should act, and not shut themselves up in a corner and give rules for others to act by, bonos facere oportet, potius quam inclusos in angulis facienda præcipere, etc. (Laclant. 3, 16).
CORNER-HOUSE, *domus ultima plateæ.
CORNER-PILLAR, pila angularis.
CORNER-STONE, lapis angularis.
CORNER-TILE, *tegula angularis: tegula colliciaris (for carrying off water from roots, corners, etc.). CORNER-TOOTH, dens canicus.
CORNER-WINDOW, *fenestra extrema.
CORNERWISE, Vid. DIAGONALLY.
CORNET, || A wind instrument, cornu:buccina:to blow a cornet, cornu or buccinam inflare. || In the army, signifer:vexillarius [SYN. in COLORS]: aquilifer (who carried the Roman eagle). || A woman’s head-dress [vid. CAP]. || Of paper, cucullus (e.g., piperis, Martisalis. 3, 2):*capsula chartacea (Bau.). CORNICE, sima (Vitrvius, 3, 3):corona: hyperthyrum (ornament over doors). CORNIGEROUS, cornutus (e.g., animalia, Varro):corniger (poetry and late prose, Plinius): CORNUCOPIA, cornu copiæ (e.g., aurea fruges Italiæ pleno defudit copia cornu, Horatius, Ep., 1,12, 29). COROLLARY, corollarium (late in this sense, Boeth. = “douceur,” classical):addendum, addenda (Krebs):consectarium (conclusion drawn from a proposition; but especially of a short striking argument, Cicero): CORONAL, vid. CROWN.
CORONATION, || As act; circumlocution by the verbs under To CROWN: for his coronation, accipiendo diademati (e.g., in urbem venire). || The celebration, *sollemnia, quibus rex diadema accipit or regnum auspicatur:day of coronation,
dies, quo rex diadema accipit:the anniversary of the king’s coronation, dies, quo rex diadema accepit:pompa (from the context). CORONER, *magistratus, qui de ambiguis mortibus cognoscit or inquirit (mors ambigua, Plinius, Ep., 3, 9; inquirere de causis capitalibus, Curtius); *magistratus, qui selectos judices convocat, quoties suspicio est aliquem præter naturam præterque fatum obiisse:or *magistratus, quem nos coronarium vocamus (as technical term; ceronarius, Plinius = a maker of coronæ).A coroner’s inquest, *cognitio de morte ambigua.A coroner’s inquest will be held, data est inquisitio (general term for any formal investigation in a criminal case, censuit inquisitionem Bithynis dandam, Plinius, Ep., 5, 20):to demand that a coroners inquest should be held, postulare inquisitionem (Plinius, Ep., 3, 19). CORONET, [Vid. CROWN, GARLAND.] || Peerage, vid.
CORPORAL, decurio.
CORPORAL, corporalis (Seneca; but only as a philosophical technical term; opposed to incorporalis).It may be translated by genetive corporis.Corporal pain, dolor corporis.
CORPORAL, corporalis (post-Augustan, belonging to the body; e.g., vitia, Seneca, Ep., 53):corporeus (e.g., coiporeum – omne necesse est esse quod datum est, Cicero; corporea res, natura, vox, Lucretius, Corporeus = that of which the substance is a body: corporalis, that of which the nature and qualities are those of a body):in corpore situs:But Cf., the genitive corporis is the usual term; e.g., a corporal blemish, etc., corporis vitium; but also corporale vitium (Seneca, Ep., 53):corporal pains, corporis dolores (Cicero).Sometimes corpus may be used [vid. CORPOREAL]. || Corporal punishment, fustium admonitio:flagellorum castigatio (both in Callistratus, Dig., 48, 19, 7):verbera, plural, (this is mostly the best substantive.) Often by circumlocution:to inflict corporal punishment, verberibus coercere (Cicero, 3, Leg., 3); verberibus castigare; verbera afferre alicui (Livius).To inflict corporal punishment on citizens, verberibus animadvertere in cives (of the infliction by a magistrate, Sallustius, Cat., 51).|| Corporal oath (= solemn oath, confirmed by touching the “corporal,” or cloth that covers the consecrated elements), *jusjurandum quasi deo teste juratum (after Cicero’s definitions of an oath, affirmatio religiosa; affirmate, quasi deo teste, promittere):jusjurandum sanctum.To take a corporal oath, sancte jurare, or sancte, quasi deo teste, jurare.
CORPORALLY, Vid. BODILY.
CORPORATION, corpus, collegium.
CORPOREAL, corporeus [vid. CORPORAL]; but mostly by genitive corporis:Corporeal pleasures, corporis voluptates. The mind is not corporeal, animus non est corpus.Corporeal and visible, corporeus et aspectahilis (Cicero).Vid. CORPORAL.
CORPS, corpus, collegium: the diplomatic corps, legationes. || A division, maims; exercitus; pars exercitus; copiarum agmen (on the march, a detachment). CORPSE, corpus mortuum:corpus (hominis) mortui; also corpus only, or mortuus (we find corpus examine and exanimum only in Livius, 8, 24, and Curtius 10, 10, 12):cadaver (in a slate of decomposition, as Cicero, Mil.,13, 33; Clodii cruentum cadaver canibus dilamandum relinquere; only in later writers = corpus mortuum generally):funus (the corpse, with reference to the obsequies) anybody’s corpse, corpus alicujus; aliquis mortuus; funus alicujus:to wash, lay out, embalm, etc. the corpse, corpus mortuum curare:to bury a corpse, corpus mortuum efferre or sepelire.
CORPULENCE, corpus amplum: habitus corporis opimus (Cicero):nitor corporis (of a sleek, shining habit of body, Terentius, Eun., 2, 2, 11):obesitas (from being full-fed all opposed to gracilitas). Cf., Corpulentia, Plinius,; but not to be rejected; vid. corpulentus, under CORPULENT.
CORPULENT, corpore amplo: opimus (fat, from plenty and good-living; πιμελής):obesus (fat and corpulent in a bad sense, as connected with unwieldiness; opposed to gracilis):corpulentus (in a good sense, as implying portliness).Cf., Corpulentus is used by Plautus, Ep., 1, 1, 8; and by Quintilianus, Columella, and Plinius, It seems, therefore, hypercritical to reject it: habitus (rare; pre-classical, Plautus, Ep., 1, 1, 8: corpulentior videre atque habitior).To be corpulent, corpore esse amplo or obeso; nitere (Phædrus):to grow corpulent, corpus facere:pinguescere:on what food have you grown so corpulent? quo cibo fecisti tantum corporis? (Phædrus).
CORPUS-CHRISTI-DAY, *dies per corpus Christi mortuum sacrata.
CORPUSCLE, corpusculum (especially of atoms, Lucretius, Cicero). CORPUSCULAR, circumlocution Democritus, the inventor of the corpuscular philosophy, Democritus, auctor atomorum (Cicero).The corpuscular philosophy, *eorum ratio, qui docent ex atomis effectum esse cœlum atque terram, nulla cogente natura, sed concursu quodam fortuito, or *eorum ratio, qui ex individuis omnia gigni affirmant.Democritus attempts to explain the origin of the soul by the corpuscular philosophy, Democritus lævibus et rotundis corpusculis efficit animum concursu quodam fortuito (Cicero). CORRADE, corradere.
CORRECT, v. || Amend, corrigere (general term for making anything right, by altering what is wrong, or supplying what is deficient; e.g., mendum, delictum, mores, errorem pœnitendo):emendare (to remove what is faulty; according to Döderlein, after the manner of an experienced teacher, or sympathizing friend. To correct anybody’s writings, alicujus scripta emendare = to remove faults of a transcriber; alicujus scripta corrigere, would be to improve the author’s words or thoughts). (the words are found in this connection and order), corrigere et emendare: emendare et corrigere: melius facere (to improve anything).Cf., It has been doubted whether it is right to say, corrigere se or hominem = corrigere mores suos, mores, vitia, etc., hominis; but there is abundant authority for the accusative of the person:κυρικιμασαηικοtu ut umquam te corrigas (Cicero, Cat., 1, 9, 22)! Alia ratione malevolus, alia amator – corrigendus (Tusc ., 4, 31, 65).Nearly so, tota civitas (= cives) emendari et corrigi solet continentia (Leg., 3, 13, 30), Krebs. To correct the manners (= morals), mores corrigere or emendare:to correct mistakes, menda tollere (especially errours in writing: and consequently the right expression for correcting errours of the press):to correct (moral) faults, vitia emendare:to correct a bad habit or custom, emendare consuetudinem vitiosam (Cicero):to correct errors of the press, *menda typographica tollere.To correct the press, *plagulas de prelo corrigere; or librum, plagulas, etc., perspicere et corrigere (after Cicero, eas [epistolas] ego, oportet, perspiciam, corrigam; tum denique edentur, Att., 16, 5, quite at the end.):*prima specimina typographica corrigere (Wyttenbach).Ruhnken used to correct the press himself, *Ruhnkenius ipse specimina typographica tractare solebat (Wyttenbach). || To correct by some mixture or other application, corrigere:emendare (both used as medical terms): to correct the taste of anything, saporem alicujus rei lenire:the acidity of fruit, amaritudinem frugum mitigare.To correct acidity, lenire acria (Plinius). || Chastise, vid.
CORRECT, || Not faulty; free from errours:ab omni vitio vacuus: vitio purus (free from faults, whether physical or moral; of persons or things):accuratus (made, prepared, etc., with care; that has been carefully attended to; of things only: sermo, dicendi genus, Cicero): emendatus (freed from faults; of compositions):emendate descriptus (correctly written or printed). (α) With respect to the text of an author, or to an edition of his works, Ruhnken uses emendatus, castigatus, emaculatus.To print a very correct and beautiful edition, *librum nitidissime et accuratissime describere, typis exscribere.(β) with respect to style, purus:emendatus:rectus: bonus: accuratus (vid. above sermo, dicendi genus, Cicero):comptus (neat):elegans (select in the choice of words; showing good taste: the last two, both of the speech and of the speaker).A correct style, sermo purus, bonus, etc.: also, accuratus (Cicero):oratio sana, recta, pura, emendata, etc. [vid. CORRECTNESS]:a correct Latin style, incorrupta quædam Latini sermonis integritas (Cicero, as possessed by an orator):to speak correct Latin, pure et Latine dicere. || Morally right, probus: honestus (of persons or things):bene moratus (e.g., vir; also civitas, Cicero):innocens:insons (innocent).A correct life, recti mores: vita honesta or emendatior: vita vitio carens et sine labe peracta (Ovidius, Pont., 2, 7, 49; and 4, 8, 20):to be correct, culpa carere: sancte vivere (of persons):sine vitiis esse; vitiis carere or vacaro (also of things). || Conformable to truth; accurate, justus (according to light or law; then according to a rule or directions, complete; opposed to non justus):rectus (properly straight; then, preserving the right mean between excess and defect; consistent with reason, properly:opposed to pravus, perversus.It is only in these senses that rectus = ” correct;” hence, an oratio recta is not a “correct,” but a plain, sober, sensible speech, without rhetorical ornament:vox recta or sonus rectus, is one that is neither too high nor too low; vid. Ernesti, Lex. Techn., p. 325):verus (true).A correct account (= bill), ratio, quæ convenit or constat:a correct measure, mensura justa: mensura publice probata (stamped as such by public authority):this verse is note correct, in hoc versu aliquid peccatum est, or aliquid claudicat (Cicero):a correct thought, vere dictum; sententia vera:a correct judgement, judicium sincerum to form a correct judgement, vere judicare; about anything, de aliqua re:to draw a correct conclusion, vere concludere:that statement is not correct (= is inconsistent), non cohærent (Terentianus, Andr.,
2, 2, 23):your statement is quite correct, res ita est, ut dicis.
CORRECTION, correctio:emendatio:(the words are found in this connection and order), correctio et emendatio.SYN. in To CORRECT, v.]Cf., Correctio is also the rhetorical figure, ἐπανόρθωσις, when an orator corrects himself, for the purpose of adding something stronger, etc. (Cf., correctura = the office of a corrector, a sort of land-agent or steward in the time of the emperors).The labour of correction, *emendandi cura – *molestia corrigendi et emendandi (Krebs.).The most careful correction of the press, *cura, qua nulla eruditior cogitari potest, in plagulis de prelo corrigendis:to employ a person in the correction of the press, *alicui librum ab operarum mendis (or erratis) liberandum tradere:to attend to the correction of the press, *curam tollendis operarum erratis or mendis insumere:not to attend to the corrections that have been made, *non inspicere, quæ emendata sunt (e.g., in an exercise). || Under correction, bona hoc tua venia dixerim (when offence is to be deprecated; e.g., “points of which the Roman augurs, I am speaking under correction are now themselves ignorant,” quæ quidem nunc a Romanis auguribus ignorantur; bona hoc tua venia dixerim, Cicero, Div., 1, 15, 25):*salvo tamen tuo judicio (with deference to your better judgement):nisi tu aliter existimas, sentis, censes: nisi tibi aliter videtur (unless you think differently).But, to speak under correction you do not prove your assertion, sed da mihi nunc; satisne probas? (Cicero, Acad., 1, 3, 9.) || Chastisement; vid. || House of correction, ergastulum:to put anybody into a house of correction, aliquem in ergastulum ducere or dare:to be confined in a house of correction, esse in ergastulo.
CORRECTIVE, adjective, circumlocution with verbs under CORRECT. Corrective medicines, temperativa medicamina (only in Cœlius, Aur., Tard., 4, 1). || A corrective, temperamentum: temperatio (e.g., hujus vitii, Cicero, Leg., 3, 12, 28):mitigatio (Cicero, and Auctor ad Herennium). CORRECTLY, juste: recte:vere: pure: emendate: accurate: eleganter [SYN. in CORRECT, adjective]. To conclude (= infer) correctly, recte concludere:to judge correctly, vere judicare:not to judge correctly, perperam judicare:to speak correctly, pure or emendate dicere; pure et Latine dicere:not correctly, vitiose:barbare:male (all of language). [Vid. INCORRECTLY.] You state it correctly, plane ita res est, ut dicis; res ita se habet (ut dicis):to discuss a subject correctly, accurate disputare (de aliqua re, fully and particularly): printed correctly, emendate descriptus; *ab omnibus vitiis purus:to print a book correctly, librum emendate describere:to write correctly, emendate scribere.
CORRECTNESS, *justa ratio (proper order, proportion, or quality):veritas (truth):elegantia (in the choice of words and phrases):accuratio (studied correctness, very rare; Cicero, Brut., 67, 238):often by circumlocution:to doubt the correctness of an account (= bill), *dubitare, num ratio constet or conveniat:to doubt the correctness of a statement, *fidem narrationis in dubium vocare; *dubitare, num vera narrentur:Correctness of style, integritas sermonis (Cicero); oratio emendata, compta, etc. [vid. PURE]:sermo accuratus. || Correctness of life and conversation, recti mores; vita honesta; vita emendatior. Vid. under CORRECT, adjective.
CORRECTOR, corrector: emendator (feminine, emendatrix).(the words are found in this connection and order), corrector et emendator; also *qui (menda) corrigit.A corrector of the press, qui librum perspicit et corrigit (after Cicero, Att., 16, 7, quite at the end):*qui regere operas suscepit. *qui plagulis emendandis præest; also *corrector only.
CORRELATIVES, quæ se mutuo respiciunt:*quæ sub eandem rationem cadunt (Nolt., correlata perhaps as technical term). CORRESPOND, || Answer to anything, respondere alicui rei or (less frequently) ad aliquam rem (general term):convenire alicui rei (to suit):non fallere aliquem or aliquid (to answer, e.g., one’s expectation):alicui rei quasi ex altera parte respondere (e.g., rhetoric to logic, Cicero):the words correspond, verba verbis respondent:there is no Latin expression which so nearly corresponds with the Greek ἡδονή as the word voluptas, nullum verbum inveniri potest, quod magis idem declarat Latine, quod Græce ἡδονή, quam declarat voluptas:the success does not correspond with anybody’s expectations or hopes, eventus alicui non respondent ad spem; res longe aliter, ac quis ratus erat, or ac speraverat, evenit:corresponding words (in different languages), verba, quæ idem declarant or significant (quod, etc.).[Vid. To ANSWER = correspond.] || To be placed or situated opposite, *exadversus aliquem stare: contra aliquid esse or positum esse: ex adverso positum esse (the first, of persons; the last two, of things). || To agree with, consentire:convenire:congruere:concordare [SYN. in AGREE].Not to correspond with, dissentire; dissidere; discrepare, abhorrere ab aliqua re.|| Hold intercourse by letters, literas dare et accipere:to correspond with anybody, cum aliquo per literas colloqui:*epistolarum commercium habere cum aliquo.
CORRESPONDENCE, || Epistolary correspondence, epistolarum commercium:literæ remittendæ atque accipiendæ (epistolary intercourse):literarum sermo (as the means by which absent friends converse):a brisk correspondence, literarum crebritas:epistolarum frequentia:an uninterrupted correspondence, assiduitas literarum:to carry on a correspondence with anybody, *epistolarum commercium habere cumaliquo: colloqui cum aliquo per literas:our correspondence has been interrupted, *epistolarum commercium jacet:our correspondence has been dropped, literæ requiescunt. || Agreement, convenientia: consensus: consensio:concentus [congruentia, post-Augustan, and rare, Suetonius, Plinius]. || Friendly intercourse:” to hold good correspondence with” (Bacon), concorditer or familiariter vivere cum aliquo; in gratia esse cum aliquo; or by bene inter nos (vos, eos, etc.) convenit.
CORRESPONDENT, s. *literarum commercio cum aliquo junctus:to be a punctual or good correspondent, *crebras literas ad aliquem dare:to be a dilatory or bad correspondent, cessatorem esse in literis:he is a correspondent of mine, utor ejus literis. || Mercantile agent, alicujus procurator (Cicero); or negotiorum curator (Sallustius, Jug., 71, 2):per quem agimus. To be anybody’s correspondent, alicujus rationes negotiaque procurare; alicujus res gerere.
CORRESPONDENT, adjective,
CORRESPONDING:By respondens or qui (quæ, quod) respondet:consentaneus, conveniens or congruens alicui rei:accommodatus ad aliquid. (the words are found in this connection and order), aptus consentaneusque (adapted to) compar (alicui rei; so like as to form a pair with it).to show a correspondent affection, alicui in amore respondere; or amori amore respondere (both Cicero).A correspondent portico, porticus, quæ alicui rei (e.g., Palatio, Cicero) respondet or respondeat:A correspondent expression (in another language), verbum, quod idem declarat or significat, quod, etc. To be correspondent to anything, respondere alicui rei:Vid. ANSWERABLE.
CORRIDOR, prothyrum (vid. Vitruvius, 6, 7, 5); iter (Vitruvius, 6, 9). CORRIGIBLE, emendabilis (Livius):qui corrigi or emendari potest.
CORRIVAL, corrivalis (once, Quintilianus).Vid. COMPETITOR, RIVAL. CORROBORATE, confirmare aliquid (strengthen a statement; e.g., testimonio, argumentis):fidem alicui rei addere or afferre. [Cf., but adjungere fidem alicui rei, is to attach credit to it; to believe it.]:fidem alicujus or alicujus rei confirmare: fidem facere alicui rei (to cause it to be believed).Every witness has corroborated the statement about this money of Dion’s, (quorum) omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecunia confirmatum est (Cicero). [ Cf., Not corroborare, which is ” to make strong,” ” strengthen,” “confirm.”]
CORROBORATIVE, quod confirmat aliquid or fidem alicujus rei:quod fidem alicui rei affert or addit.
CORRODE, rodere: corrodere (Cicero, very rare):erodere (stronger):rust corrodes iron, ferrum rubigine roditur (Ovidius). CORRODIBLE, quod rodi, corrodi potest.
CORROSION, rosio (Celsus and Plinius). CORROSIVE, rodens.
CORRUGATE, rugare:corrugare (e.g., nares, Horatius). [Cf., Never corrugare frontem, but contrahere; rugare frontem, Hieron.] Vid. WRINKLE.
CORRUPT, TRANS., corrumpere (properly to break to pieces; hence, to make anything utterly bad and unserviceable; also of internal and moral corruption. Also of falsifying writings, documents, etc.):depravare (from pravus, to pervert from its right use, direction, etc.: hence, to make anything relatively bad; also of moral corruption; depravare mores; aliquem).(the words are found in this connection and order), corrumpere ac depravare:vitiare (to destroy the purity or genuineness of anything; e.g., auras; also to falsify writings).(the words are found in this connection and order), vitiare et corrumpere:adulterare (e.g., judicium veri, jus pecunia):infuscare (properly to make anything dark-coloured, destroy its transparency; hence, figuratively to make anything impure by some addition; e.g., saporem vini).To corrupt a word (by bad pronunciation), nomen, verbum, etc., corrumpere (Sallustius).To corrupt a person, aliquem depravare, or corrumpere; alicujus mores depravare or corrumpere; alicujus animum corrumpere; vitiis suis inficere aliquem; vitia sua alicui allinere, affricare (of one who corrupts by his own bad example, Seneca): aliquem ad nequitiam adducere (Terentianus):to corrupt by indulgence, indulgentia depravare. || Make dishonest by bribery, corrumpere, with or without pecunia, mercede, pretio, largitione, etc.:pretio mercari aliquem;
largitione alicujus voluntatem redimere (to buy him):donis aliquem ad suam causam perducere (win his support by gifts):largitione alicujus mentem cæcare (blind his eyes by a gift).To try to corrupt anybody, aliquem pecunia sollicitare or oppugnare; alicujus animum donis tentare; alicujus corruptelam moliri:to be or allow one’s self to be corrupted, largitionibus moveri; pecuniam accipere (e.g., ob dicendum falsum testimonium); pecuniam accipere ac pretio fidem habere addictam; fidem pecunia mutare by anybody, pecuniam accipere a aliquo; se vendere alicui:not to allow one’s self to be corrupted, largitioni resistere; adversum dona invictum animum gerere (habitually, Sallustius, Jug., 43, extr.):One who corrupts [vid. CORRUPTER]. To corrupt the judge (in a cause), judicium corrumpere; jus pecunia adulterare. One who can not be corrupted, incorruptus, integer (opposed to venalis pretio). CORRUPT, INTR., putrescere; putrefieri:corrumpi; depravari; vitiari [SYN. in CORRUPT, TRANS.]:pessum ire (to be ruined, destroyed):the corn corrupts, frumentum corrumpitur.
CORRUPT, || In a moral sense, impurus (impure):incestus (unchaste):inquinatus (polluted):perditus (lost without hope):profligatus (profligate):turpis (vile). (The words are found in this connection and order), perditus profligatusque. Corrupt manners, mores corrupti depravatique; mores turpes; mores perditi.[Vid. also, VICIOUS.] || Bribed, venalis pretio: gratia depravatus (by personal or party feeling).[Vid. To CORRUPT = bribe.]A corrupt judge, nummarius judex. || Spoiled, corruptus; vitiatus:depravatus:[SYN. in To CORRUPT.] || In a state of decomposition, putrefactus:putridus. Corrupt blood, insincerus cruor (Vergilius). || Falsified, adulterinus; subditus; vitiatus. A corrupt passage, *locus librarii manu depravatus. To restore corrupt passages, *depravatis locis (veterum scriptorum) mederi (Ruhnken). Vid. FALSE.
CORRUPTER, corruptor:feminine, corruptrix:corruptela (abstr. pro concr.: in a moral point of view, e.g. liberorum nostrum):perditor; e.g., of the state, reipublicæ: pernicies:pestis (the plague, ruin, etc., of youth, and of the state, adolescentium, reipublicæ):|| Briber, corruptor:largitor.
CORRUPTIBILITY, circumlocution; e.g., to deny the corruptibility of anything, *negare aliquid corrumpi, depravari, vitiari, etc., posse. || Willingness to receive a bribe,*animus venalis.
CORRUPTIBLE, quod corrumpi, depravari, vitiari potest [corruptibilis, Lactantius]. || Willing to receive a bribe, venalis (pretio, that may be bought; opposed to incorruptus, integer). CORRUPTION, || Act of corrupting, or state of being corrupted, corruptio (rare: perhaps only Cicero, Tusc., 4, 13, 28, totius corporis corruptio, as definition of morbus; and id. ib., 29, corruptione opinionum):depravatio (e.g., of mind).Cf., OBSERVE, corruptela is what contributes to the corruption of anything; or corruption as action, corruptela juventutis (genetive objective), Krebs. || State of decomposition, putor: putredo (the state of putrefaction).|| In a moral sense, corruptio; depravatio; pravitas; turpitudo [SYN. in To CORRUPT].Corruption of mind, depravatio et fœditas animi; of manners, mores corrupti depravatique:mores perditi:mores turpes: mores corruptela depravati (Cicero, Legg., 2, 15; not corruptela morum). || Bribery, corruptela (with reference to the demoralization of the person bribed):largitio (with reference to the bribe itself):ambitus (with reference to the canvassing, e.g., for places under government). CORRUPTLY, corrupte (e.g., judicare, Cicero):vitiose; turpiter; depravate; flagitiose; mendose; improbe; impure; ineeste; scelerate [SYN. in CORRUPT and VICIOUS].
CORRUPTNESS, Vid. CORRUPTION.
CORSAIR, pirata (πειρατής), or pure Latin, prædo maritimus, or from context, prædo only:archipirata (ἀρχιπειρατής, the chieftain): CORSE, Vid. CORPSE.
CORSELET, thorax (of brass, reaching from the neck down to the groin, Livius, 42, 61; loricæ thoracesque):lorica (of untanned leather):cataphracta (iron or brass armor made in the shape of fish scales, for men and animals):to cover anybody with a corselet, lorica, or thorace, or cataphracta induere aliquem.To put on a corselet, lorica, or thorace, or cataphracta se tegere or se induere:covered with a corselet, ferratus, cataphractus (Tacitus, Ann., 3, 45, 3. Livius, 35, 48): loricatus; cum lorica.
CORSET, *thorax linteus; or, perhaps, mamillare (used for confining the bosom, Martisalis, 14, 66).
CORTEGE, comitatus:comites (general terms for companions, attendants on a journey, etc.):cohors:asseclæ (suite: cohors especially of a governor going out to his province):stipatio, stipatores corporis (for security).Also circumlocution, qui eunt or proficiscuntur cum aliquo: qui sunt cum aliquo; quos aliquis secum ducit, qui aliquem sequuntur, comitantur:to be seen in anybody’s cortege, inter comites ducis aspici:to belong to the cortege of a pretor, asseclam prætoris esse:to join anybody’s cortege, se comitem alicui adjungere.
CORTICATED, corticosus (of trees, plants, etc.):corticatus (that has apart of the rind or bark clinging to it, Pallad.; e.g., pix, resin that has been taken from a tree with a part of the bark, Columella). CORUSCANT, coruscus (Vergilius):fulgens:nitens:micans. SYN. in To SHINE.
CORUSCATION, coruscatio (Solin.); fulgor; splendor; nitor [SYN. in SHINE].
CORVETTE, celox [Cf., not corbita. Vid. SHIP].
CORYMBUS, corymbus (especially of the ivy). CORYPHÆUS, coryphæus (κορυφαῖος; e.g., coryphæus Epicureorum Zeno, Cicero):princeps.
COSMETIC, lenocinium:adjumentum ad pulchritudinem (Terentius Phorm., 1, 2, 55; both as means of beautifying). COSMOGONY, (perhaps) indagatio initiorum et tamquam seminum, unde sint omnia orta, generata, concreta (Cicero, Tusc., 5, 24, 69). COSMOGRAPHER, cosmographus (κοσμογράφος, Auct. de Progen. Aug., 2). COSMOGRAPHICAL, *ad descriptionem mundi pertinens.
COSMOGRAPHY, descriptio mundi; *cosmographia (κοσμοφραφία).
COSMOPOLITAN, *a totius mundi amore profectus.
COSMOPOLITE, mundanus (Cicero, Tusc., 5, 37, 108, in which passage he renders it by qui totius mundi se incolam et civem arbitratur):incola mundi. Cf., Cosmicus, a, um, as substantive, Martisalis, 7, 41; cosmicus esse tibi, Semproni Tucca, videris.
COSMOPOLITISM, *totius mundi amor, studium.
COST, s. || Price, pretium. [Vid. PRICE, or (if it is price of corn), vid. CORN]. || Expense, sumptus: impensa; impendium; arbitria, plural, neuter [SYN. in EXPENSE]:at anybody’s cost, impendio alicujus:the cost of a funeral, arbitria funeris (properly, fees paid to the persons who assisted at it, and for fixing which an “arbiter” was employed):at one’s own cost, privato sumptu; impendio privato; sua pecunia; de suo:at the public cost, publico sumpto:de publico: publice; impensa publica; impendio publico:at a great cost, magna impensa:without any cost, nulla impensa:nullo sumpto.To my cost, cum magno meo damno. [Vid. EXPENSE.] || Costs = legal expenses, impensæ in litem factæ (Paullus, Dig., 3, 3, 30):to condemn anybody in the costs, damnare in expensas:let him be compelled to pay both damages and costs, et damnum et impensas litis adversario inferre cogatur (Justinus, Instit., 4, 16, 1). COST, v. e.g., anything costs so and so much, aliquid stat or constat, mostly with ablative of the price:aliquid est, with genitive of the price: aliquid venit or venditur (anything is sold at):emitur (anything is bought at):licet aliquid (to have such a price bid for it); all these generally with ablativeof the price:anything has cost me so much, emi aliquid (with ablativeof the price); stat mihi aliquid (with ablative.); in aliqua re consumo (with accusative of the sum spent; i.e., I spend so much in anything; e.g., the siege of Samos cost the Athenians twelve hundred talents, in Samo oppugnanda Athenienses MCC talenta consumpserunt):to cost but little, parvo stare, or constare, or venire, or vendi, or licere:κυρικιμασαηικο [SYN. ABOVE.] To cost but half as much, dimidio minoris constare (Cicero):to cost nothing, gratis or nihilo constare:to cost more, pluris stare, vendi or licere:not to cost more, aliquid non excedere (e.g., centenos numos).How much do these gardens cost? quanti licent hi horti? Cf., The question, ” what does such a thing cost?” is often expressed by quanti and a verb corresponding with the nature of the object, the price of which one wishes to know; e.g., how much did it cost him? quanti emit? what does your dinner cost you? quanti cœnas? What does the passage cost you on board this vessel? quanti vehit navis? It has cost me a good deal of money and labour, nec impensæ nec labori peperci:the victory cost many lives, victoria multo sanguine stetit:the victory cost the Romans, as well as their enemies, a good many lives, nec Romanis incruenta victoria fuit:the victory cost no lives, victoria sine sanguine stetit; victoria baud cruenta fuit:anything costs anybody’s life, aliquid morte alicujus stat or constat (i.e., it is obtained by the sacrifice of his life); *aliquid causa est, quare aliquis necetur (is the cause of anybody’s death):the war has cost a great many lives, bellum multos homines absumsit:it costs a great deal of trouble or labour, (res) est multi laboris:it has cost me a great struggle with my feelings, vix a me or ab animo meo impetrare potui, ut, etc.
COST-PRICE, circumlocution.To be selling at cost-price, *merces suas tanti vendit aliquis, quanti emit (emerunt, etc.): COSTIVE, astrictus:restrictus, etc.; e.g., to make or render costive, alvum astringere, comprimere, durare (Celsus).I am never costive, alvus mihi satis reddit quotidie (Celsus): alvum bonam facere soleo (after Cato De Re rustica, 114).I
am of a costive habit, sæpe fit, ut pluribus diebus non descendat alvus (after Celsus, 2, 7). COSTIVENESS, alvus astricta, restricta, suppressa, obstructa (Celsus). COSTLINESS, (α) with reference to what it costs; caritas. (β) with reference to its excellence; excellentia:præstantia.
COSTLY, sumptuosus (requiring a great outlay; banquets, games, etc.):pretiosus:magni pretii:multorum numorum (that has cost much money, as utensils, goods, a library, etc.):carus (dear, general term):lautus (exquisite, choice; of utensils, furniture, banquets, etc.):magnificus (lordly, magnificent; e.g., furniture, games, banquets, etc.):splendidus (splendid):egregius:eximius (excellent in its kind):pulcherrimus (very fine):jucundissimus: suavissimus:dulcissimus (especially of what pleases the senses).Costly apparel, vestes majoris pretii or pretiosæ (Cicero):a costily present, donum eximium, magnificum; munus magnificum, præclarum (Cicero):to prepare a costily banquet, convivium opipare apparare (Cicero):to furnish a house in a costily manner, domum opipare instruere (Plautus, Bacch., 3, 1, 6):in a costily manner, sumtuose: pretiose:egregie:to dress in a very costily manner, vestibus pretiosis uti.
COT, COTTAGE, casa (inasmuch as it affords a shelter to its inmate and his property):tugurium (inasmuch as it affords protection against wind and weather; according to Voss., Vergilius, Eclogae, 1, 68, a shelter, the roof of which was made of straw, reed, branches or turf reaching down to the ground, and used by the shepherds in the fields):mapale (of which the plural, “mapalia,” only occurs, was a cottage of the African Nomades; the word itself is of Punic extraction):umbraculum (made of foliage):a small cottage, casula:tuguriolum. || A sheep-cot (or sheep-cote), dove-cot (or dove-cote), vid.
COT (= small bed):lectulus (little bed; bed):lectus suspensus (hammock; with Celsus, 3, 18). COTEMPORARY, vid. COMTEMPORARY.
COTTAGER, COTTER, casarius (Code Theodosius. 9, 42, 7), or circumlocution.If “peasant” will do, vid.
COTTON, linum:xylinum (Plinius, 19, 1, 2, 3, § 14. The Greek, ἐριόξυλον only Ulpius, Dig., 32, 1, 70, § 9, where it is literally translated by lana lignea):fine cotton, bombyx; byssus (late):made of cotton, xylinus: bombycinus: byssinus (the latter late; both ” made of fine cotton”):cotton stuff, thread, byssus (late):the cotton plant, xylon: gossypion:gossympinus (both, probably, Egyptian words):[*gossypium herbaceum; *gossypium arboreum, Linnæus].
COTTON-GRASS, *eriophorum (Linnæus, after eriophoros, Plinius). COUCH, cubile (general term, also that of wild beasts in a forest).Vid. BED.
COUCH, TRANS., sternere, prosternere.To couch one’s self any where, se abdere in occultum (of persons).To be couched under anything, latere or abditum latere sub aliqua re. [Vid. To CONCEAL.] || To place in ambush, in insidiis locare, collocare, or disponere. [Vid. COUCH, INATRANS.] || To couch a lance, spear, etc., hastam porrigere, less commonly projicere (to extend it, e.g., as a bayonet; vid. Brem. on Nepos Chabr., 1, 2):hastam ad ictum parare.To receive an attack with their lances couched, projecta hasta impetum excipere hostium (Nepos, Chabr., 1, 2):to ride against anybody with couched lance, infesto spiculo petere aliquem (Livius, 2, 20), with lances couched, infestis hastis (e.g., concitare equos, Livius, 23, 47); infestis cuspidibus (e.g., ruere in medium agmen hostium, Livius, 10, 41). || To operate on the eye, *glaucomam oculis alicujus objectam solvere. || To couch in writing, literis consignare; literis or scriptis mandare; per scripturam complecti; conscribere.
COUCH, INTR., || Lie down, throw one’s self down; sterni:se or corpus abjicere:decumbere:procumbere (general terms as well of persons as animals):subsidere (to sink down):conquiniscere (pre-classical, Plautus = caput inclinare, Prisc.):to couch in the grass, se abjicere in herba (Cf., not in herbam, vid. Interpp., Cicero, De Or., 1, 7, quite at the end):cubare (to rest):recubare:recumbere (with accessory notion of leaning backward).To couch down when the enemy hurled their darts, subsidere adversus emissa tela (Livius):to couch down in the rear, subsidere in subsidiis (Cicero). || To lie in secret or ambush, delitescere in aliquo loco; se abdere in locum; se occultare loco or in loco (hide one’s self; SYN. in HIDE):latibulis se tegere (of wild beasts):abditum latere; in occulto se continere; abditum et inclusum in occulto latere (to keep one’s self hidden):subsidere in insidiis (of an ambush):to couch, or be couched in ambush, in insidiis esse or subsistere.
COUCHANT, to be formed by the past participle of the verbs under To COUCH.
COUCHER, medicus ocularius or ocularius only.
COUCH-GRASS, *agropyron repens (Linnæus). COUGH, tussis. A dry cough, tussis sicca, quæ nihil emolitur:a slight cough, tussicula:inclined to a cough, tussiculosus (late):to have a cough, tussire; *tussi laborare:a bad cough, male tussire:to alleviate, to relieve the cough, tussim inhibere, levare, discutere, sanare:a tussi liberare (of the remedy).Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.comCOUGH, v. tussire. Not to expectorate in coughing, in tussi nihil exscreare.
COULTER, dens or culter aratri.