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CONNUBIAL, vid. CONJUGAL.
CONQUER, vincere (general term): superare (to overcome; both properly and improperly, e.g., the enemy, difficulties).(the words are found in this connection and order),vincere et superare: domare (to tame, stronger term than vincere; vid. Florus, 4, 12, 30: Germani victi magis quam domiti erant):
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profligare (to overthrow a hostile army so completely, that it can not be rallied again): subigere (vid. SYN. under SUBDUE): frangere (figuratively to break the power of anything; e.g., of a passion): imperare (figuratively to govern, command, have the empire of, etc., e.g., the passions, cupiditatibus): to conquer entirely, devincere (in a general battle); perdomare (to tame entirely):prosternere (properly, “to dash to the ground;” hence, to discomfit, deject utterly): to be conquered, inferiorem discedere: victum or superatum recedere:to have never been conquered, semper superiorem or victorem discessisse: to confess one’s self conquered, manus dare (also with addition, vincique se pati, vid. Herzog: Cæsar, B. G., 5, 31): to conquer one’s self, se ipsum or animum vincere; animum contundere (if by very violent measures): To conquer (towns or countries), capere: potiri (aliqua re), occupare:expugnare. CONQUERABLE, qui (quæ, quod)vinci, domari, expugnari potest; superabilis (Ovidius, Tacitus):vincibilis (Terentianus, easy to gain, causa): expugnabilis (e.g., urbs, Livius).
CONQUERED, formed by the past participle of the verbs in To CONQUER.
CONQUEROR, victor: expugnator with genitive (conqueror of a town, urbis): domitor (with genitive, vanquisher; e.g., of Spain, Hispaniæ):Pompey’s troops considered themselves already the conquerors, Pompeiani vicisse jam sibi videbantur:to come off conqueror, victorem or superiorem discedere:to be the conqueror of anybody or anything: vid. To CONQUER.
CONQUEST, occupatio (the taking possession of): expugnatio (the taking by storm): victoria (victory):to make great conquestes, magnas terras expugnare: to consolidate one’s conquestes, firmo ea, quæ bello subegi: to retain one’s conquestes, *parta retinere: Vid. VICTORY.
CONSANGUINEOUS, sanguine conjunctus: consanguineus.
CONSANGUINITY, consanguinitas; sanguinis conjunctio, communio, or by circumlocution with sanguine aliquem attingere; sanguine cum aliquo conjunctum esse.
CONSCIENCE, conscientia virtutis et vitiorum:conscientia factorum: conscientia animi or mentis (the consciousness of having done right or wrong, for which, in classic prose, conscientia never stands alone, unless the genitive of “virtue” or “guilt” is implied by the context): religio (scruple; also conscientiousness, vid.): fides (conscientiousness): a good conscience, conscientia bona (Celsus, ap., Quintilianus, 2, 15, 32: Quintilianus, 6, 1, 33, and 9, 2, 93; Tacitus, Agr., 1, 2): conscientia recta (Cicero, Alt., 13, 20, 4); but more usually conscientia recte facti, or recte factorum or pulcherrimi facti; conscientia rectæ voluntatis; conscientia optimæ mentis; mens bene sibi conscia; also bonæ mentis fiducia; but seldom conscientia (*Cicero, Att., 12, 28, 2): a very good conscience, conscientia optima (Plinius, Ep., 1, 12, 3; but conscientia egregia sæpe repetiti regni paterni is = “a noble, lofty feeling of the mind, satisfied with itself,” Livius, 29, 33, 9): to have a good conscience, nullius culpæ sibi conscium esse; sustentari præclara, conscientia sua; to console one’s self with a good conscience, optimæ mentis conscientia se consolari: a person who has a good conscience, homo integer et bonus (integer vitæ scelerisque purus is poetical): a bad conscience, conscientia mala (Sallustius, Jug., 62, 8: Quintilianus, 12, 1, 3); but more usually conscientia delictorum or peccatorum or maleficiorum or scelerum; also mens male sibi conscia; animus sibi conscius:from the context also conscientia only: to have a bad conscience, conscientia morderi [vid. REMORSE]: to read a bad conscience in anybody’s face, conscientiæ notas in ipso ore alicujus deprehendere: with a good conscience, sine sollicitudine religionis (without scruple, Trajan. ap. Plinius, Ep., 10, 62): salva fide; salvo officio; salvis legibus; bona mente or bono animo (but never bona or salva conscientia); also liquido (with perfect certainty, without scruple; e.g., to say, to maintain, to take an oath, dicere, affirmare, jurare; vid. Ruhnken, Terentius, Andr., 4, 3, 14): I swear with a good conscience, ex animi sententia juro: I can take my oath of it with a good conscience, liquet mihi dejerare (Terentius, Eun., 2, 3, 40); or liquido possum jurare: as far as you can with a good conscience, quantum fides tua patietur: my conscience does not allow me to pass over in silence, that etc., illud me tacere conscientia mea non patitur, quod etc. (vid. Livius, 5, 25, 6): I can not do this with a good conscience, hoc sine scelere fieri nullo pacto potest: to attribute anything to an evil conscience, aliquid in conscientiam ducere (vid. Sallustius, Jug., 85, 26): anybody feels the stings of conscience, conscientia mordetur aliquis; conscientia animi stimulat or terret aliquem; angore conscientiæ agitatur; aliquem conscientiæ maleficiorum suorum stimulant: the voice of conscience is powerful, magna est vis conscientiae: the stings of conscience, angor conscientiæ fraudisque cruciatus: a man without a conscience. bomo sine ulla religione ac fide: to have no conscience, sine ulla religione ac fide esse;nihil religioni sibi habere (after Cicero, De Div., 1, 35, in.).To make a conscience of not doing (or not to do) anything [OBS. The phrase “to make a conscience” appears to be used with some difference of meaning; thus, “we must make a conscientious in keeping the just laws of superiors” (Jer. Taylor)= “we must observe them religiously.” But L’Estrange uses, “to make a conscientious of betraying for gold,” in the sense of not betraying for gold from a conscientious principle of duty. Locke says, “we must make conscientious not to mislead children.” Hence we must consider whether the meaning of “making a conscientious” is the making it a point of conscientious to do the thing in question, or not to do it.] (i.e., my conscientious scruples prevent my doing it), religio mihi est; subit animum religio, both with infinitive: to make no conscience of doing anything (e.g., to kill anybody, etc.), religio ei non est, with following quo minus; non habet religioni, with infinitive: the people made a conscience, res illa in religionem venit populo: I make no conscience of doing it (feel no scruple about it), nulla mihi religio est (Horatius, Sat., 1, 9, 70): I will take that on my conscience, culpam in me transferas or transferatis (after Terentius, Andria, 2, 3, 5): Upon my conscience, I don’t know, ne vivam, si scio: for upon my conscience, I did think so, nam, ita vivam, putavi (hoc, illud): I ask you on your conscience, have you a wife? ex tui animi sententia tu uxorem habes? (vid. Cicero, De Or., 2, 64, quite at the end).Cases of conscience [vid. under CASE (end)]. || Consciousness, vid.
CONSCIENTIOUS, religiosus; sanctus; severus; justus [SYN. in CONSCIENTIOUSNESS] .To be conscientious in anything, religionem adhibere: to deviate from the conscientious performance of a duty, a religione officii declinare: in the most conscientious manner, optima fide (e.g., to pay anybody anything, alicui aliquid annumerare); sanctissime (e.g., tueri religiones publicas).
CONSCIENTIOUSLY, religiose; sancte; severe. diligenter (exactly, punctually).
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, religio (conscientiousness towards the gods and all which concerns them; e.g., conscientiousness of a judge who acts faithfully to his oath, etc): sanctitas (severe integrity, as quality of one who, respecting the laws of God and man, shrinks from avarice, rapacity, oppression, etc.):severitas (strict conscientiousness, as quality of him who practises justice and right without partiality): justitia (love of justice and equity): fides (faith and honesty, in general, towards those with whom we deal).(the words are found in this connection and order),religio ac fides: diligentia (exactness, punctuality, in general): conscientiousness in giving advice, religio in consilio dando.
CONSCIOUS,To be conscious, conscium sibi esse alicujus rei, or with accusative and infinitive: not to be conscious of any guilt, not to be conscious of anything, nullius sibi culpæ conscium esse, nihil conscire sibi (Horatius, Ep., 1, 1, 61): I am perfectly conscious of it, bene memini. I am conscious how, that, etc., scio (if it is a matter of knowledge): sentio (if it is a felt conviction; e.g., si quid est in me ingenii, quod sentio quam sit exiguum, Cicero). I am not conscious that I was ever, etc., conscius mihi sum, numquam me fuisse, etc. (Cicero).
CONSCIOUSLY, sciens: prudens. (the words are found in this connection and order), sciens ac prudens.
CONSCIOUSNESS, conscientia (also, in a more limited sense of the word = the consciousness of having acted rightly): sensus (feeling): the consciousness of having acted rightly, conscientia recte factorum: the consciousness of having lived a holy life and done much good, is a pleasant feeling, conscientia bene actæ vitæ multorumque benefactorum recordatio jucundissima est: I have the consciousness of having acted rightly, mihi conscius sum, recte me fecisse.
CONSCRIPT, conscriptus: novus miles: tiro miles, tiro (a newly-levied soldier; opposed to vetus miles, veteranus). The conscripts, milites tirones: milites in supplementum lecti; also supplementum (as supplementary troops): to supply the army by conscripts,
supplere; explere supplemento; delectibus supplere; supplementum scribere alicui.
CONSCRIPTION, delectus (of soldiers): conquisitio militum (stronger term): a strict conscription is ordered, *acer delectus denunciatur: to raise 30,000 troops by the conscription, rigidly enforced, intentissima conquisitione ad triginta millia peditum conficere.
CONSECRATE, || to make holy by ceremonies, dedicare: inaugurare (to consecrate; inaugurare also in speaking of a person; e.g., of a priest. Cf., Dedicare is only used of things which relate immediately to the cultus of the gods, as statues, images, altars, temples, etc.: if it was performed by the augurium, it was termed inaugurare): consecrare (to make holy or sacred, of anything, even of fields and animals; the consecratio might be performed by anybody, the dedicare only by a magistrate, to whom the pontifex, in that case, repeated or dictated the customary form of words): cultui divino sacrare (to consecrate for purposes of worship, Ammianus). To consecrate an altar, aram dedicare, consecrare: to consecrate a temple to a god, deo delubrum dedicare or templum consecrare: to consecrate anybody (as a god), aliquem deum consecrare. Consecrated, sacratus; consecratus; sacer (holy, as the quality of the gods):religiosus (sacred). Fig., to dedicate, dedicare: dicare: offerre (to offer): diis primitias offerre. to consecrate one’s life to the service of one’s country, vitam suam totam patriæ dedere.
CONSECRATION, consecratio: dedicatio [SYN. in CONSECRATE]: consecration also = apotheosis (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 2, quite at the end; Suetonius, Dom, 2): the consecration of a priest, consecratio (Inscriptiones, Gruteri, 303, 2; vid. To CONSECRATE). Cf., Inauguratio is without any classical authority. To receive consecration, consecrari: the feast of the consecration of anything, *dies rei inaugurandæ or consecrandæ sacer.
CONSECUTIVE, continens: continuus (following immediately one after the other without interruption): contextus (hanging one on the other, not interrupted): ordine (according to order, in turn): alter post alteram, alius post alium (one after the other; the former in speaking of two; the latter of several persons): during three consecutive days, triduum continuum; tres dies continuos:what have you been doing for so many consecutive days? quid tot continuos dies egisti?
CONSECUTIVELY, continenter (in one succession, in one continuance, continue and continuo, unclassical): deinceps (successively, one after another). CONSENT, consensio, consensus: assensus. Sometimes voluntas (the will): permissio (permission; e.g., that anybody may remain where he is, mansionis, Cicero, ad Qu., Fr., 3, 1, 3): venia (indulgence in anything, consent): auctoritas: jussus (consent of any superior, the former in Rome of the Senate, the latter of the people): with your consent, te consentiente, probante: with the consent of the people, secundo populo: without your consent, te adversante, renuente, nolente; injussu tuo: with the full consent of Catulus, summa Catuli voluntate:with anybody’s consent, alicujus permissu (i.e., permission):alicujus voluntate (with his good-will; e.g., to do anything, facere aliquid): without anybody’s consent, injussu alicujus (properly without any order): with the consent of all, consensu omnium (i.e., with the concurrence of all in one opinion): they gave their unanimous consent that etc., assensu omnes permiserunt, ut, etc. CONSENTANEOUS, consentaneus: conveniens or congruens (all three with alicui rei): Vid. also, CONFORMABLE.
CONSENTANEOUSLY, vid. CONFORMABLY.
CONSEQUENCE, || the following of one thing after another, consecutio: consequentia (e.g., eventorum consequentia, Cicero). || Of cause and effect, consecutio (the consequence, as effect; philosophical technical term): exitus (issue): eventus (effect): quod ex aliqua re evenit, evenit, or eventurum est, or quæ ex aliqua, re eveniunt, evenerunt, eventura sunt (Auct., ad Her., 4, 55, near the beginning): consequences and circumstances, res consequentes et circumstantes: it is the unhappy consequence of etc., culpa est in aliqua re: vitium est alicujus rei (e.g., you maintain it to be the unhappy consequence of human error, in hominum vitiis ais esse culpam; Cicero, N. D., 3, 31, near the beginning): it is the lamentable consequence of too great abundance, copiæ vitium est (Quintilianus, 10, 1, 62: Herzog., p. 110): to have such or such a consequence, consecutionem alicujus rei afferre: consequitur aliquid aliquam rem: manat aliquid ex re (of errors, sins, etc; e.g., peccata ex vitiis manant): what other consequence can result from the change of the camp, but etc.? castrorum mutatio quid habet, nisi etc.? (Cæsar, B. G., 2, 31, page, near the beginning): the natural consequence was that etc., id hujus modi erat, ut, etc.: the consequence of it was that, etc., aliquo factum est, ut, etc.: to have important consequences, magni esse momenti:to have bad consequences, male evenire: secus cadit res, ac speraverat aliquis: to have good consequences, bene evenire, for anybody, alicui evenire ex sententia: the consequences of anything last during one’s whole life, omnis vita perturbatur aliqua re (e.g., errore, inscientia (vid. Cicero, Fin., 1, 14, near the beginning): to judge of measures by their consequences, consilia eventis ponderare: to fear the consequences of anything, quorsum aliquid casurum, or evasurum, or erupturum sit, vereri: to dread the consequences, quorsum res eruptura sit, horrere: to calculate the consequences of anything, rationem habere alicujus rei (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 13, Herzog): not to know the consequences of anything, *nescire ea, quæ ex aliqua re eventura sunt (of consequences that will follow): not to know what the consequences of anything will be, *nescire quid ex aliqua re eventurum sit (of consequences that may follow): in consequence of, causa alicujus rei (e.g., timoris causa, Cæsar, B.C., 1, 33): ex (e.g., ex divitiis juventutem luxuria atque avaritia invasere, Sallustius, Cat., 12, 2): præ (of a preventive cause; after a negative; e.g., præ strepitu vix audiri): [vid. “on account of,” under ACCOUNT.]|| Moment, importance; momentum, pondus; discrimen (weight, importance):to be of much consequence, magni momenti esse; magni referre: a matter of great consequence, res gravissima, or summa, or maxima: res magni momenti or discriminis:to be of consequence, auctoritate valere or posse (of persons); vim habere or exercere (of persons and things): of consequence (of things), gravis (opposed to levis, of no consequence): magnus: grandis:luculentus: a town of consequence, urbs magna, opulenta, florens: a state of consequence, civitas ampla et florens or gravis et opulenta (opposed to civitas exigua et infirma, of no consequence): to be a person of consequence, gravem personam sustinere: to suffer a loss of some consequence, magnam facere jacturam: to be of no consequence nullo esse numero: nullum numerum obtinere: nihil posse or valere (of persons): leve esse: nullius momenti esse (of things): that is of no consequence, *hæc sunt levia or inania: that very thing is of great consequence, rnagni refert id ipsum: to know something of consequence, aliquid, quod referret, scire: it is of no consequence to me, mea minime refert: to think anything a matter of no consequence, aliquid parvi facere; aliquid in levi habere, in auctoritate gravis; auctoritate or dignitate præditus, opibus or gratia florens (influential): vir illustris, nobilis, generis nobilitate clarus (by birth or rank): vir potens (by power): a man of no consequence, homo neque honore neque nomine illustris (Cicero); homo ignobilis, obscurus. [Vid. also, IMPORTANCE.] || In logic (1), the last proposition of a syllogism, conclusio:complexio: (2), conclusion from premises, conclusio.Does not this consequence necessarily follow? satisne hoc conclusum videtur? I deny the consequence; or, that consequence does not follow, id inde effici nequit: id inde non conficitur or sequitur. If the premiss can not be dented, the consequence is necessary, si quod primum in connexo necessarium est, fit etiam quod consequitur necessarium (Cicero).
CONSEQUENT, consequens: (quod non est consequens, vituperandum est):it is consequent, consequens est (it stands to reason).
CONSEQUENT, s., (in logic)conclusio: complexio.Vid: CONSEQUENCE.
CONSEQUENTIAL, || following by rational deduction, consequens: consentaneus (philosophical technical term): ex necessaria conclusione confectus (following necessarily from premises): sibi constans (consistent). || Pompous, magnificus.
CONSEQUENTIALLY, consequenter (Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Metamorphoses, 10, near the beginning, 238): recte (Cicero, according to correct deduction, De Divin., 2, 17, 40): constanter (consistently): very, constantissime.|| Pompously, magnifice; vid. AFFECTEDLY.
CONSEQUENTLY, igitur: ergo: itaque: proinde (in a sentence of exhortation). Sometimes quod (= “in reference to which;” e.g., Male metuo, ne Philumenæ morbus adgravescat; quod te, Æsculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus, oro. Terentianus; vid. Pract., Intr., 2, 829). Sometimes jam (of what a person knows after and from a previous statement; e.g., Ego Appium – valde diligo: Jam me Pompeii totum esse scis, Cicero). Cf., If from a number of premises or observations an inference is drawn, quæ quum ita sint (this being so)is used. Vid. THEREFORE.
CONSERVATION, conservatio: tuitio (as act): salus, incolumitas (the unimpaired condition or state): sustentatio (maintenance; Ulpius, Dig., 24, 3, 22, § 8). Vid: PRESERVATION.
CONSERVATIVE, circumlocution by verbs, servare, conservare, tueri. Sometimes the substantives, servator, conservator, conservatrix (feminine), taken adjectively. A conservative
(member of a political party), qui optimatium causam agit: optimatium fautor (properly aristocrat).
CONSERVATOR, servator: conservator, conservatrix (feminine). || Keeper of a public institution, custos:curator. To make anybody the conservator of anything, constituere or præficere aliquem curatorem alicui rei.
CONSERVATORY, plantarum hiberna, quibus objecta sunt specularia, or quibus objectæ sunt vitreae (after Martialis, 8, 14): *hiberna plantarum, specularibus instructa.
CONSERVE,Vid: PRESERVE.
CONSERVES,Vid. COMFITURES, PRESERVES.
CONSIDER, || to look at anything carefully, spectare (general term): contemplari (especially of examining objects of art or nature, generally implying a calm but attentive contemplation): considerare (in order to judge of it; cf. Cicero, Off., 1, 41, 147; Gellius, 2, 21): intueri (to look upon anything). (the words are found in this connection and order),intueri et contemplari: contueri (with great attention): oculis collustrare or perlustrare (in a scrutinising way): visere: invisere (to look upon near or close by; vid. Görenz, Cicero, Fin., 5, 11, p. 151): perspicere (in all its parts, to examine). (the words are found in this connection and order),contueri perspicereque: circumspicere (all round): oculis percurrere (superficially):intentis oculis contemplari (attentively). IMPR., with the mind: contemplari animo or animo et cogitatione: considerare secum in animo; or contemplari, considerare only. (the words are found in this connection and order),contemplari et considerare: referre animum ad aliquid: lustrare animo or ratione animoque: perlustrare animo or mente animoque: circumspicere mente (with all collateral circumstances attending anything): expendere: perpendere (to weigh):to consider anything as closely as possible, aliquid quam maxime intentis oculis, ut aiunt, acerrime contemplari: to consider the matter in its proper light, ad veritatem revocare rationem: to consider one’s self, considerare se ipsum cum animo; contemplatione sui frui. || To look upon, to reckon, spectare: intueri: habere, ducere:rationem alicujus rei habere or ducere: respicere aliquid (to weigh a matter): they all considered Pompey as a messenger from heaven, omnes Pompeium sicut aliquem de cœlo delapsum intuebantur: to consider anybody as a father, aliquem in patris loco habere; observare aliquem et deligere ut alterum parentem: to consider anybody as one’s child, aliquem in liberorum numero habere: to consider anything (as)a fortunate circumstance, boni consulere aliquid (Cf. Quintilianus, 1, 6, 32): to be considered a good man, speciem boni viri præ se ferre; to consider anything an affront, ad or in contumeliam accipere aliquid: not to consider, negligere (aliquid): to consider the person, discrimen personæ (discrimina personarum)servare:the judge has to consider the cause, not the person, non hominum, sed causarum oportet judicem totum esse: without considering the person, nullius ratione habita: delectu omni et discrimine omisso: omissis auctoritatibus.|| To take into account; e.g., not to consider the expense, money, etc., pecuniæ, sumptibus non parcere: to consider one’s self, suam rationem ducere: de se cogitare. || To reflect upon, commentari de re (to consider about anything), meditari; meditari (secum)de re or aliquid (to think over how anything is to be done). (the words are found in this connection and order),commentari atque meditari de re: considerare (secum in animo)aliquid or de re (to take into consideration): perpendere aliquid (examine carefully): aliquid reputare (secum), in or cum animo (calculate; e.g., the consequences of anything)cogitare aliquid or de re (general term to think or meditate about): to consider maturely, diu multumque secum reputare: toto animo or toto pectore cogitare: intendere cogitationem in aliquid:agitare mente, or animo, or in mente, or cum animo:volutare secum animo, in animo, or (with anybody)cum aliquo: volvere animo or secum: versare secum in animo (turn over in one’s mind; not in Cicero, in Livius, and Sallustius, frequently): to consider with one’s friends, cum amicis volutare: to consider carefully, frequently, etc., multa secum reputare de re; etiam atque etiam reputare, quid etc.; videre etiam atque etiam et considerare, quid etc.; e.g., what is to be done, quid agendum: to consider every thing on all sides, omnia diligenter circumspicere; omnia ratione animoque lustrare; secum in animo versare unamquamque rem; after having considered and calculated every thing, circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis: to consider all that can be urged both for and against anything, omnes in utraque parte calculos ponere.|| To esteem, respect; vid. these verbs. || To recompense, remunerari aliquem præmio:meritum præmium alicui persolvere (according to merit).Vid. To RECOMPENSE. CONSIDERABLE, haud spernendus: non contemnendus (not to be despised): non mediocris (not middling): magnus: grandis (great): gravis (important): luculentus (considerable in value): also by aliquantum (i.e., a considerable quantity)with genitive e.g., aliquantum prædæ: pretty considerable debts, aliquantum æris alieni: not considerable, tenuis, levis: a considerable part, pars bona: considerable in number or extent, amplus: procerus (with regard to breadth, height): a considerable sum of money, magna or grandis pecunia: a considerable patrimony, luculentum patrimonium: a considerable edifice (building), opus conspiciendum:a considerable territory, agri lati (Vergilius, Æn., 8, 8): a considerable loss, damnum grave (opposed to leve): to have a considerable income, *luculentiore reditu uti. Vid,. also, GREAT, LARGE. CONSIDERABLY, ample: magnifice: aliquanto (with comparatives), or aliquantum (Herzog, Cæsar B. G. 3, 13).
CONSIDERATE, providus: cautus: (the words are found in this connection and order), cautus providusque: circumspectus: consideratus. prudens (prudent). (the words are found in this connection and order),prudens et providus; prudens et cautus: diligens (careful in the choice of means, etc.): humanus (kind and attentive): qui aliorum (or alicujus)rationem diligenter habet.
CONSIDERATELY, provide: caute: circumspecte:prudenter: considerate: diligenter. To go to work considerately, circumspectius facere aliquid; cautionem adhibere in aliqua re: to act very considerately in any matter, omne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re: to act and speak considerately, circumspicere dicta factaque. || Kindly, vid.
CONSIDERATENESS, providentia (foresight; leading us to adopt such measures as will ward off a foreseen danger, *Livius, 30, 5, 5, compare with Cicero, De Invent., 2, 53, 160): circumspectio (circumspection): circumspectum judicium (instead of which Gellius, 14, 2, uses circumspicientia, sound, prudent judgement): prudentia (that prudence which acts in all cases with circumspection): diligentia (careful choice of measures in anything):to act with much considerateness in anything, cautionem or diligentiam adhibere in aliqua re: omne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re: Vid. PRUDENCE.
CONSIDERATION, || reflection, examination, deliberatio (mature consideration what resolution to take; vid. Cicero, Att., 8, 15, 2; Off., 1, 3, 9): consultatio (with others): cogitatio (meditation): æstimatio (reflection; e.g., æstimatio in locum iræ successit, anger gave way to consideration, Justin, 12, 6, 5): judicium (e.g., judicio facere aliquid, to do anything with consideration): the matter requires consideration, res cadit in deliberationem; res est consilii: we must take the matter into further consideration, rem amplius deliberandam esse censui: After mature or due consideration, re consulta et explorata:re diligenter perpensa or considerata: inita subductaque ratione: circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis: with consideration, consilio: consulte (not consulto, which means with a premeditated purpose): considerate: remota, temeritate; after mature consideration, bono consilio (e.g., to do anything, facere aliquid): without consideration, sine consilio: inconsiderate: temere: a person who acts with consideration, homo consideratus: who acts without consideration, homo inconsideratus or inconsultus: to require a good deal of consideration, multæ cogitationis esse: to have no consideration, nulla cogitatione esse: imprudentem, or inconsideratum, or inconsultum, or temerarium esse: nullius consilii esse:not to take anything into consideration, rationem alicujus rei nullam habere:to examine anything with the greatest consideration, exactissimo judicio examinare aliquid. [Vid. also To CONSIDER.] || Moment, respectus: momentum, discrimen: to be a consideration of importance, magni momenti esse: magni referre: a consideration of great importance, res gravissima, or summa, or maxima: res magni momenti or discriminis. [Vid., also, IMPORTANCE.] || Weight, authority, vis: gravitas:a person of great consideration, homo, in quo summa auctoritas est atque amplitudo (as statesman): homo gravis (general term for one who is looked up to): to be of consideration, gravem esse (of persons and things): to be a person of some consideration, aliquo numero atque honore esse, aliquo loco et numero esse: it is a matter of consideration, res habet gravitatem: to be of no consideration, millius ponderis esse: ponderis nihil habere (of things):tenui or nulla, auctoritate esse (of persons). || Regard, respectus (properly a retrospective glance; hence retrospection with the mind, as it were): ratio (in taking any measures): to take a person or thing into consideration, respectum habere ad aliquem: respicere aliquem or aliquid: rationem habere alicujus or alicujus rei: rationem ducere alicujus rei: to take one’s own interests into consideration, suam rationem ducere: de se cogitare: to have particular
consideration for anybody or anything, alicujus or alicujus rei rationem diligenter habere: to have no consideration for, etc., negligere aliquem or aliquid: nihil curare aliquid: out of consideration for anybody (this is frequently expressed in Latin by the mere dative of the person for whom one shows that consideration): to pardon anybody, out of consideration for anybody, condonare aliquid alicui (e.g., animadversionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in aliquem, remittere alicui et condonare, Vatin. in Cicero, ad Div., 5, 10, 4):in consideration of these circumstances the people preferred, etc., hæc respiciens populus maluit, etc., from the consideration that the enemy might cross in five days, quod diebus quinque hostis transire possit: without consideration for, sine respectu alicujus rei: nulla alicujus rei ratione habita: without consideration of persons, nullius ratione habita: delectu omni et discrimine omisso: omissis auctoritatibus: to act without any consideration for anybody, omnia ad libidinem suam facere: in consideration of this, ejus rei ratione habita; ejus rei respectu: eo quod (because). || Motive, causa: ratio: to be induced by some consideration, aliquid or nonnihil sequi (in anything, in re; vid. Cicero, Off., 1, 11, 35; Beier, p. 81, and the following, Roscius, Am., 3, 8, Matthiæ):from or for more than one consideration, aliquot de causis. || Compensation, remuneratio: præmium or pretium (the latter in Gold Age for præmium honos: merces): to expect some consideration for one’s services from anybody, pretium meriti ab aliquo desiderare. || Esteem, to treat anybody with great consideration, vereri: revereri aliquem: aliquem colere: tribuere alicui cultum:observare, honorare aliquem: reverentiam adhibere adversus aliquem or præstare.
CONSIDERING, || taking it into consideration, aliquid respiciens or intuens: cum ea ratione:ratione habita (alicujus rei). Considering this, he, etc., hæc respiciens:id ille intuens, etc. || When “considering” is used restrictively in sentences that make a statement, not absolutely, but comparatively, it is translated in various ways: the battle was a sharp one, considering the small number of the combatants, prœlium atrocius, quam pro numero pugnantium: a wealthy man, considering the time he lived at, ut tum erant tempora, dives: ut temporibus illis, dives: a good speaker, considering that he was a Theban, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet: he was a learned man, considering that he was a Roman, multæ, ut in homine Romano, literæ: considering the manners of these times, (præsertim)ut nunc sunt mores. Vid. also, INASMUCH AS.
CONSIGN, || deliver over, tradere aliquem or aliquid:to anybody or anything, alicui or alicui rei: demandare: assignare (e.g., Eumenem custodibus, Justinus.): to consign one’s boys to the care of a master, pueros magistro tradere (Cicero), or demandare (Livius): to consign a person to the care of another, commendare et tradere aliquem alicui (by a recommendation): a business over to anybody, permittere alicui negotium:”to consign to writing,” (Addison)consignare literis (Cicero), [vid. ENTRUST]: to consign goods to anybody, perhaps *merces (vendendas)mittere ad redemtorem aliquem or redemtori alicui: to consign to the flames, in flammas conjicere.
CONSIGNMENT, circumlocution by verbs under CONSIGN.
CONSIST, || to be composed of, constare: of anything, in re, or ex re, or re (general term): compositum esse (ex re), contineri aliqua re; also esse with genitive: man consists of body and soul, homo constat (ex)animo et corpore, or e corpore constat et animo; hominum genus compositum est ex animo et corpore: the gods have not bodies consisting of veins, nerves, and bones, non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur dii: a part of his property consisted of ready money, partem rei familiaris in pecunia habebat: a dactyl consists of one long and two short syllables, dactylus est e longa et duabus brevibus: the army consists of 6000 men, exercitus est militum decem milium:numerus copiarum explet decem millia. || To be comprised or contained in anything, consistere in re:contineri re or in re (the latter: i.e., with “in,” seldom, although classic; vid. Cicero, De Officiis, 3, 15, 61; Orationes in Verrem, 4, 27, 60, where we find, in aliqua re contineri atque inesse): versari: situm or positum esse (to be placed in, depend on): cerni (to show or display itself)in re:niti re or in re (to lean on anything for support): virtue consists in acting, virtus cernitur in agendo. || To be consistent with, consentire alicui rei or cum re: convenire:congruere: concordare: the former can not consist with the latter, posterius priori non convenit: not to consist with, abhorrere a aliqua re: dissentire: dissidere: discrepare.Vid. To AGREE.
CONSISTENCE, || degree of solidity; the nearest substantives are, soliditas: densitas: spissitas:crassitudo: till it is of the consistence of honey, donee mellis crassitudinem habeat (Celsus, 6, 6, 1). Suitableness, agreement with, convenientia (e.g., partium): congruentia æqualitasque (of the proper proportions of the parts of any whole; vid. Plinius, Ep., 2, 5, 11).
CONSISTENCY, firmitas (of bodies, and improperly, the consistency of character, which fits it to resist temptations, etc.): firmitudo (innate consistency): constantia (constancy): perseverantia (consistency of one who does not allow himself to be deterred by difficulties): ratio constans (equanimity; also of things that do not alter): to observe a rule with great consistency, regulam constantissime servare:in consistency with anything [vid. CONSISTENTLY]: for the sake of consistency, constantiæ causa: these assertions do not seem remarkable for their consistency, hæc non constantissime dici mihi videntur. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Degree of denseness, vid. CONSISTENCE.
CONSISTENT, || harmonizing with, consentiens:congruens: concors: consistent with anything, consentaneus alicui rei: decorus alicui or alicui rei: conjunctus cum aliqua re:accommodatus alicui rei or ad rem (fit, proper): aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid (becoming, suitable); (the words are found in this connection and order),aptus et accommodatus:aptus consentaneusque: congruens et aptus:aptus et congruens: consistent with the circumstances or times, consentaneus tempori: ad tempus accommodatus: to be consistent with anything, congruere: convenire: convenientem, aptum, consentaneumque esse alicui rei; respondere alicui rei: also by esse with genitive; e.g., it is consistent with the Gallic custom, that etc., est hoc Gallicæ consuetudinis, ut, etc.: he maintained that it was not consistent with the manners of the Greeks, negavit, moris esse Græcorum, etc.: to be consistent with the character one has assumed, and the circumstances of the time, decere: quasi aptum esse consentaneumque personæ et temporibus (the latter as definition of the former, by Cicero, Oral., 22, 74): not to be consistent with, alienum esse re or a re. || Observing consistency; a consistent person, homo stabilis et constans; a consistent mode of thinking, constantia: to be or remain consistent, sibi constare:secum consentire: se non deserere: sibi consentaneum esse: suis judiciis stare: he would never say this if he cared to be consistent, numquam id diceret, si ipse se audiret (Cicero, Tusc., 5, 10, 3): not to be consistent (of persons), a se discedere.
CONSISTENTLY, convenienter: congruenter: decore:accommodate: apte. (the words are found in this connection and order), apte et quasi decore:apte congruenterque: congruenter convenienterque:to live consistently with nature, accommodate (accommodatissime) ad naturam vivere: secundum naturam vivere:to act consistently, constanter facere (very consistently, constantissime).Sometimes expressed by the prepositions, ad, ex, pro; e.g., ad veritatem (consistently with truth): ex lege (consistently with the law): pro tempore et pro re: ex re et ex tempore (consistently with the times and circumstances): or by ablative only; e.g., instituto suo, consistently with his design: consistently with the customs of the Romans, consuetudine Romanorum. CONSISTORY, *senatus ecclesiasticus: *synedrium:the president of the consistory, *princeps senatus ecclesiastici:to be the president of the consistory, *senatui ecclesiastico præsidere: member or counsel of the consistory, *a consiliis ecclesiasticis:assessor of the consistory, *assessor senatus ecclesiastici.OBS., consistorium was the cabinet-council of a Roman emperor, and the members of it, consistoriani,Codex Justinianus.
CONSOCIATE, consociare aliquid cum aliquo; or, absolutely, consociare aliquid or rem inter sese (Cicero, Livius.). INTRANS., consociari cum aliquo. Vid. ASSOCIATE, v.
CONSOCIATE, vid. COMPANION, ASSOCIATE.
CONSOCIATION, consociatio. Vid. COMPANIONSHIP.
CONSOLABLE, consolabilis (Cicero).
CONSOLATION,solatium (consolation which anything affords, and which one feels): consolatio (act of consoling): confirmatio animi (stronger): medicina (the consolatory means; remedy: solamen, poetical): Sometimes fomentum (e.g., hæc sunt solatia, hæc fomenta summorum dolorum, Cicero, Tusc., 2, 24, 59): to be some consolation (to anybody), to afford consolation, solatium præbere or afferre: solatio or solatium esse:to afford some small degree of consolation, nonnullam consolationem or aliquid solatii habere: to afford no consolation, nihil habere consolationis: that is my consolation, eo solatio utor:this is my greatest consolation, consolor me maxime illo solatio:to be free from guilt is a great consolation, vacare culpa magnum est solatium: the misfortune of others is a poor consolation, levis est consolatio ex raiseriis aliorum: this is the only consolation that supports me, hæc una consolatio me sustentat:
to find consolation in misery, consolationem malorum invenire: to find consolation in philosophy; or to apply to philosophy for consolation, medicinam petere a philosophia: to need no consolation, non egere medicina: a letter of consolation, literæ consolatoriae:codicilli consolatorii (a note): a state that admits of no consolation, desperatæ res: a word of consolation, solatium: to look to one only source for consolation, omnia in unam consolationem conjicere: a good conscience is the best consolation, conscientia rectæ voluntatis maxima consolatio est (Cicero): a source of consolation, mostly, solatium; *solatii copia; unde solatium peti or repeti potest: it is a great consolation that, magnum est solatium (followed by infinitive): this is no trifling consolation to me, hæc res mihi non mediocrem consolationem affert:a recent sorrow will not admit of consolation, recens animi dolor consolationes rejicit ac refugit (Plinius, Ep., 5, 16, 11).It is often some consolation to know one’s fate, sæpe est calamitatis solatium, nosse sortem suam (Curtius): I have none of the consolations which others have had in similar circumstances, ea me solatia deficiunt, quæ ceteris simili in fortuna non defuerunt. Cf., Consolatio is the term used by Cicero, for the discourse he composed for his own consolation after the death of his daughter.
CONSOLATORY, consolatorius: *solatii plenus: to be consolatory, solatio esse: very, magno solatio esse: it is very consolatory that etc., magnum est solatium, with following infinitive.
CONSOLE, consolari aliquem (in aliqua, re, as in miseriis; de aliqua re: of persons and things): solatium alicui præbere or afferre: alicui solatio or solatium esse (to be of consolation to anybody): to console anybody by letter, aliquem per literas consolari: on account of anything, consolari aliquem de aliqua re: this consoles me, hoc est mihi solatio: to go away consoled, æquiore animo discedere: to console one’s self, se consolari (on account of anything), de aliqua re: to console one’s self with anything, se consolari aliqua re (e.g., with vain hopes, spe inani); consolari aliquem aliquid or de aliqua re: less commonly aliquid aliqua re, as Cicero, Tusc., 5, 31, 88: magnitudinem doloris brevitate consolatur, Krebs: to console one’s self, se consolari (so memet, vos ipsos). I console myself by thinking that etc., hoc solatio utor, quod etc. Cf., solari does not belong to the prose of Golden Age): not to be able to console one’s self, *nihil consolationis admittere: nothing is able to console me in my grief, vincit omnem consolationem dolor:anybody can not be consoled, alicujus dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest: Cf., Stronger terms for to CONSOLE are, erigere; excitare; firmare: confirmare (to inspire with courage): relevare: recreare (comfort): to console an afflicted person, aliquem confirmare, excitare: afflictum alicujus animum recreare (comp. Cicero, Att., 1, 16, 8, ego recreavi afflictos animos bonorum unumquemque confirmans, excitans); animum alicujus jacentem or aliquem abjectum et jacentem excitare; sublevare stratum et abjectum; ad animi æquitatem extollere aliquem: to console a dejected person, animum demissum et oppressum erigere: to be consoled by a hope, spe inflari.
CONSOLE, s. (in architecture): ancon or parotis (ἀγκών, ῶνος, δ, παρωτίς, ίδος, ἡ Vitruvius, 4, 6, 4, Schneid.).
CONSOLIDATE, v., TR., firmare: confirmare (to make lasting; e.g., the reign, empire): stabilire (to give firmness; e.g., of liberty, empire): fundare (of power, security, liberty, dominion): INTR., solidescere (to become firm; to unite, to form one whole, Plinius, 11, 37, 87; also spissescere). [OBS., consolidare is used by Cicero, in the participle consolidatus, of accounts that are settled: Vitruvius uses it of a wall, etc., astechnical term Krebs.] Vid. To COALESCE, To UNITE.
CONSOLIDATION, confirmatio: for the consolidation of the empire (or the power of the empire), ad muniendas opes imperii.
CONSONANCE, CONSONANCY, concentus: concordia: consensus:consensus conspirans: consensus concentusque: conspiratio: to be in consonancy, concinere: concordare:consentire: consentire atque concinere: conspirare: with anything, convenire alicui rei (e.g., sententiæ):not to be in consonancy with, dissentire: dissidere: discrepare [consonantia only Vitruvius and late writers]. Vid. CONFORMITY.
CONSONANT, adj., concinens: concors: congruens .(the words are found in this connection and order), concors et congruens: consonus (opposed to absonus):modulatus (proper, harmonious). Vid., also, CONFORMABLE, CONSISTENT.
CONSONANT, (litera) consonans: consona (later).Consonants come together, coeunt: clash, rixantur (Quintilianus). The clashing of consonants, consonantium inter se congressus: to end in a consonant, in consonantem cadere or excidere.
CONSONANTLY, concorditer: congruenter: modulate.Vid. also, CONFORMABLY, CONSISTENTLY.
CONSORT, maritus (opposed to cœlebs): conjux (spouse):vir (man): novus maritus (lately married, Appuleius, Met., 8, p. 201, 36): feminine, conjux; uxor (married according to the usual ceremonies, wife): marita, opposed to vidua (widow): materfamilias (opposed to concubina):consorts, mariti (Papinius, Dig., 24, 1, 52, extr., so, of newly married persons, novi mariti, Appuleius, Met., 8, p. 201, 36): conjuges (Catull., 64, 234). To become the consort of anybody, nubere alicui (of the female). Vid. also, HUSBAND, WIFE.
CONSORT, v. Vid. To ASSOCIATE.
CONSPICUOUS, || obvious to the sight, conspicuus:oculis subjectus (obvious to the sight): expressus (clearly discernible; e.g., traces, vestiges, vestigia: marks, indicia): apertus (lying openly before one’s eyes, opposed to occultus): manifestus (plain, palpable, evident; opposed to latens, occultus): to be conspicuous, ante oculos positum esse: apertum esse: apparere (general term). [Vid. also, CLEAR.] || Unusual, remarkable, notabilis or notandus:insignis: insignitus: conspicuus or conspiciendus (that will draw upon itself the eyes of people; Vid. Bremi, Suetonius, Oct., 45): mirus (strange, odd, extraordinary): a conspicuous dress or costume, dissentiens a ceteris habitus: conspicuous from one’s dress, cultu notabilis: to be conspicuous, esse notabilem (remarkable, of persons and things): conspici: conspicuum esse (to draw upon itself the eyes of the public; e.g., by its extravagant nature, of persons and things, vid. Bremi., Nepos, Att., 13, 5, and Suetonius, Oct., 45). || Eminent, insignis: præstans: clarus: nobilis. egregius: excellens: eximius, [SYN. in DISTINGUISHED], Vid. EMINENT.
CONSPICUOUSLY, manifesto or manifeste: ita ut facile appareat: mirum in modum: aperte: dilucide:palam. || Eminently, egregie: eximie.
CONSPIRACY, conjuratio (the proper word): conspiratio (any association either for good or bad purposes): to form a conspiracy [vid. To CONSPIRE]: to discover a conspiracy, conjurationem invenire atque deprehendere: conjurationem detegere (of a non-conspirator): conjurationem patefacere or prodere (on the part of a member): to suppress a conspiracy, conjurationem opprimere: privy to a conspiracy, conjurationis conscius, or (from context)conscius only.
CONSPIRATOR, conjuratus: conjurationis particeps or socius: the conspirators, conjurati: conjurationis globus.
CONSPIRE, conjurare: conjurationem facere (the proper word): conspirare (to join for a certain purpose in general).To conspire with anybody, conjurare cum aliquo: to conspire against anybody or anything, conjurare contra aliquem or aliquid: conspirare in aliquem or aliquid; for accomplishing a certain purpose, conjurare de aliqua re facienda or in aliquid; conspirare in or ad aliquid: to conspire against anybody’s life, conjurare de aliquo interficiendo or in alicujus mortem: conspirare in alicujus cædem.
CONSTABLE, *constabularius, qui dicitur (as technical term), *disciplinæ publicæ præpositus or custos: inquisitor (who is employed in search of suspicious characters; vid. Bremi, Suetonius, Cæsar, 1): apparitor (the officer of a court of justice who executes arrests).
CONSTANCY, || perseverance, perseverantia (that constancy which is not deterred by difficulties): constantia (consistent conduct): assiduitas (unremitting perseverance): pertinacia (pertinacious adherance to anything, e.g., an opinion, design): pervicacia (firmness in endeavouring to attain one’s end): obstinatio: obstinatior voluntas: obstinatus animus (obstinate persistence in; e.g., a resolution, decision): stabilitas (in friendship): animi firmitas (firmness of mind, or constancy of sentiment): of opinion, perpetua in sententia sua permansio.obstinatio sententiæ: in faith, obstinatio fidei: anybody does not possess constancy in bearing adversities, minime resistens ad calamitates perferendas mens alicujus est: with constancy, perseveranter: obstinato animo: constanter.[Vid. also, CONSTANTLY]. || Patience, patientia (the will to endure sufferings and adversity without flinching; cf. Cicero, De Invent., 2, 54, 163): tolerantia (the energy and perseverance displayed in suffering, with collateral notion of the feeling, but endurance of the misery; generally with genitive; e.g., tolerantia doloris): æquus animus, æquitas animi (equanimity, calmness): to endure sufferings with constancy, pati ac ferre aliquid: perpeti, perferre aliquid (vid. Livius, 28, 34: Horatius, Ep., 1, 15, 17). || Continuance, perpetuitas (uninterrupted duration): perennitas:diuturnitas (long duration): stabilitas (immutability). || Faithfulness, fidelitas (erga amicum, erga patriam): fides: fidus amor (constancy in love, but fidelitas erga conjugem, if conjugal fidelity is meant). CONSTANT, || firm, constans (remaining like itself): stabilis (steady, unchanging):
firmus (firm, resisting external impressions; all these may be said, e.g., of a friend). A constant mind or courage, animus firmus:to be of a constant mind or courage, stare animo or (of several)stare animis (in circumstances of danger): stabili et firmo esse animo: to bear anything with a constant mind, æquo animo ferre aliquid. || To be constant to anything, in aliqua re manere or permanere (e.g., in veritate; in sententia; in sua erga aliquem voluntate permanere): in aliqua re perstare (e.g., in sententia sua; in pravitate sua; in societate): not to be constant to anything, deficere a aliqua re (e.g., a virtute): desciscere a re (e.g., a consuetudine parentum; a societate; a veritate): to be constant to a person, fidum manere alicui:fidem servare or tenere; in fide or in officio alicujus manere or permanere. || Incessant, perennis (e.g., cursus stellarum): perpetuus (continual, e.g., laughing, risus): continens: continuus (uninterrupted, incommoda, labor, imber): sempiternus (lasting, eternal, e.g., ignis Vestæ): assiduus. CONSTANTLY, || firmly, constanter: perseveranter:firmiter: affirmato animo: pertinaciter: pervicacius:obstinate: obstinato animo: to endure pain constantly, constanter ferre dolorem [vid. SYN. in CONSTANT]. || Continually, perpetuo: continenter: sine intermissione:nullo temporis puncto intermisso (OBS., continue and continuo are unclassical): assidue (assiduo, unclassical): usque: semper: to study constantly, studia nunquam intermittere; tota vita assidere literis; hærere in libris: to work constantly, nullum tempus ad laborem intermittere: to be constantly entreating anybody, aliquem precibus fatigare.
CONSTELLATION, || considered astrologically, the “aspect” of the stars, astrorum or cœli affectio (Cicero, Fat., 4, 8; De Divin., 2, 47, 99): siderum significatio (Plinius, Ep., 2, 20): positus siderum (the relative position of the heavenly bodies; their “aspects”): to be born under the same constellation, eodem statu cœli et stellarum natum esse: if it be of any consequence under what constellation any living being is born, si ad rem pertineat, quomodo cœlo affecto, compositisque sideribus, quodque animal oriatur (ibid., § 98): born under a lucky constellation, dextro sidere editus or natus: born under an unlucky constellation, malo astro natus. [Vid. STAR.] || Considered astronomically, as a group of stars: sidus.
CONSTERNATE, Vid., to throw into consternation, under CONSTERNATION.
CONSTERNATION, perturbatio: consternatio; trepidatio (stale of agitation and consequent indecision): res trepida (the state of things that produces consternation). His countenance betrayed extreme consternation, ore confuso magnæ perturbationis notas præ se ferebat: to fill anybody with consternation, alicujus mentem animumque perturbare; in perturbationem conjicere; consternare; percutere (Cf., not percellere): by a speech, oratione differre (vid. Ruhnken, Terentianus Andr., 2, 4, 5): to be in consternation, stupere: alicujus animum stupor tenet: to be in great consternation about anything, aliqua, re exanimatum esse: he was in such consternation that he could not utter a single word, torpebat vox spiritusque (Livius, 2, 25).
CONSTIPATE, || to condense, densare: condensare: spissare: conspissare: confercire: comprimere [vid., CONDENSE]. || To produce costiveness, alvum astringere, supprimere, comprimere, durare (Celsus): cohibere, firmare, sistere, inhibere.
CONSTIPATION, alvus astricta or restricta; alvus durata or suppressa; venter suppressus. I am suffering from constipation, venter or alvus nihil reddit: nihil per se venter excernit (Celsus, 2, 12, 2): habeo alvum suppressam (Celsus, 2, 12, 2). I have been suffering from constipation for several days, pluribus diebus non descendit alvus.
CONSTITUENT, s., mandator (Gaius, Instit., 2, 9, 20):elector (Auctor ad Herennium, general term). A person’s constituents, either mandatores mei (those who have commissioned me), or *ii, quorum ego vicarius sum (in senatu).
CONSTITUENT, adj., constituent parts, elementa alicujus rei: res, ex quibus conflatur et efficitur aliquid (Cicero, Off., 1, 4, 14):res, quibus aliquid continetur or in quibus aliquid positum est (of which anything consists or is composed, Cicero, Off., 1, 9, 29, and 35, 126).
CONSTITUTE, statuere: constituere: designare (to order). (the words are found in this connection and order),constituere et designare: dicere (say or indicate in general). || To appoint, constituere (establish, settle; set on a right footing): instituere (institute, appoint, ordain a thing or person). Vid. APPOINT.
CONSTITUTION, || state, status: conditio. Obs., conditio is lasting, status, transient. || Composition, compositio; structura (the manner in which anything is composed).|| Ordinance, law, lex. The constitutions (of a church, etc.), leges; instituta et leges: constitutio (in Silver Age). || Temperament, corporis constitutio, affectio: a good, strong constitution, firma corporis constitutio or affectio: corpus bene constitutum: valetudinis prosperitas: to have a strong constitution, corpore robusto esse: alicui corpus bene constitutum est: a bad, weak constitution, corporis or valetudinis infirmitas, imbecillitas, valetudo tenuis, infirma or non firma: to have a weak constitution, valetudine infirma uti: to have a very bad or weak constitution, tenui aut nulla potius esse valetudine. || Form of government, civitatis forma: civitatis status (state of the country): reipublicæ ratio or modus (with reference to the nature of the government): reipublicæ genus (considered as a species of the various constitutions)instituta et leges (its laws and institutions collectively): a constitution very judiciously established by our fathers, descriptio civitatis a majoribus nostris sapientissime constituta: to change the constitution, formam reipublicæ mutare: to give a constitution to a state, rempublicam institutis temperare: rempublicam or imperium constituere: rempublicam stabilire: against the constitution of the country, *legibus civitatis repugnans: non legitimus; non justus.
CONSTITUTIONAL, legitimus: *legibus civitatis conveniens: not constitutional, *legibus civitatis repugnans.|| Arising from constitution of body, mostly by innatus: insitus: ingeneratus, ingenitus or insitus et innatus (innate): naturalis: nativus (natural, opposed to what is artificial or assumed): congeneratus: a parentibus propagatus: avitus (e.g., hereditary).
CONSTITUTIONALLY, legitime: not constitutionally, non legitime; non juste.
CONSTRAIN, aliquem vi cogere or cogere only (if = necessitate; to etc., ut with subjunctive): aliquem vi cogere ad aliquid (or with following infinitive): alicui necessitatem imponere or injicere aliquid faciendi: to constrain one’s self, sibi vim facere:naturæ repugnare: to be constrained, necessario cogi (with following infinitive). Vid. COMPEL.
CONSTRAINED, by the past participle of the verbs under CONSTRAIN, if = compel. || Not natural, coactus, durus (hard): contortus (Cicero): A constrained style, oratio contorta: a constrained look, vultus compositus, rictus: a constrained laugh, risus invitus, coactus, rictus. Vid. FORCED.
CONSTRAINT, Vid. COMPULSION.
CONSTRICT, or CONSTRINGE, || To contract, contrahere (opposed to porrigere, tendere). || To bind, copulando jungere or conjungere: constringere: astringere (to pull closely together; then of cold, also of medicines; opposed to solvere): coartare (to draw into a narrow compass).
CONSTRICTION, contractio (general term): constrictio (properly, the tying or lacing together, then of the inner parts of the body by medicines; late).
CONSTRUCT, ædificare (the proper word; e.g., ships, towns, etc.): struere: construere (e.g., a building, vessel, etc.).(the words are found in this connection and order),construere atque ædificare: exstruere (erect; e.g., a tower): condere (to found; e.g., a town): excitare (erect, e.g., a monument, tower, etc.): educere (to erect a lofty building; e.g., pyramides): facere (to make, build in general): architectari (to construct according to the rules of art; e.g., a temple, etc.): præstruere alicui rei (before any object): astruere, adjungere aliquid alicui rei (near or joining any object): to construct close together; e.g., houses, domos continuare (Sallustius, Cat., 20, 9, Herzog): all around, circum struere: of hewn stone, saxo quadrato construere: to construct a house, exstruere or ædificare domum:to construct a bridge over a river, pontem in flumine (not in flumen)facere, efficere, injicere: to construct fortifications, munimenta excitare: to construct (describe)on a given line an equilateral triangle, in data, linea triangulum æquis lateribus constituere (Quintilianus, 1, 10, 3). GRAMM., COMPONERE.
CONSTRUCTION, || the act of constructing, ædificatio: exædificatio: exstructio: construction of a wall, ductus muri. || Grammatical construction, verborum conformatio or compositio (the way in which one word follows another): consecutio verborum (the logical order of the words according to grammar): constructio (is used in Cicero for the artificial arrangement of a speech; but in grammarians = construction). || Meaning, sense; e.g., a word admits of various constructions, bujus vocis potestas multiplex est (after Auctor ad Herennium, 4, 54, in.): this word does not admit of any other construction, but, etc., neque ulla alia huic verbo subjecta notio est, nisi etc.: whenever a word admits of more than one construction, quum verbum potest in duas pluresve sententias accipi: to put a good or favorable construction on anything, aliquid in bonam partem accipere or bene interpretari; sine offensione accipere aliquid; to put the worst construction on anything, in
malam partem accipere or male interpretari aliquid: to put a better or more favorable construction on anything, in mitiorem or in meliorem partem accipere or interpretari aliquid: a worse construction, in pejorem partem accipere or deterius interpretari aliquid: a worse construction on every thing, omnia in deterius trahere. [OBS., these phrases with the comparative are used where we should use the positive: ” to put a good, bad, etc., construction on anything”]. to put a construction on anything that it was not intended to have, aliter aliquid, ac dictum erat, accipere.
CONSTRUCTOR, ædificator: conditor (founder).
CONSTRUE, interpretari aliquid: explanare (general terms):”to construe anything favorably, unfavorably,” etc., [vid. “put a good, bad, etc., construction on,” under CONSTRUCTION].|| In the technical sense of construing Latin, etc., *verba ita inter se jungere, ut nostra loquendi consuetudo fert. “To be construed with” = to be followed by, etc., jungi or conjungi cum etc. (e.g., hoc verbum conjungitur cum ablativo: Cf., not construitur). CONSUBSTANTIAL, consubstantialis (Tertullianus): ejusdem naturæ.
CONSUL, consul (at Rome): One who has been consul, vir consularis: the consul of last year, qui proximo anno consulatum gerebat: who is consul for the second time, bis consul: for the third, fifth, etc., time, tertium, quintum consul: regarding the consul, consularis: he was unanimously elected consul, populi cunctis suffragiis consul factus or declaratus est. || Mercantile agent, procurator mercaturæ. The Dutch consul at Livorno, *procurator mercaturæ Batavorum in Italiæ portu Liburno (Wyttenbach).
CONSULATE, CONSULSHIP, dignitas consularis; fastigium consulare (the dignity): consulatus (the office or duty).
CONSULT, || to ask advice, aliquem consulere (general term, also to consult a physician): about anything, de re: by letter, per literas: petere consilium a aliquo: exquirere consilium alicujus (stronger terms): aliquem in consilium adhibere: rogare, interrogare aliquem sententiam (to ask anybody’s opinion, the latter of a presiding senator): *rogare, quid alicui videatur, quid censeat (general terms): to consult the books of the Sibyl, adire libros Sibyllinos: to send to Delphi to consult the oracle, mittere Delphos consultum or deliberatum:consulted, rogatus, interrogatus (asked one’s opinion).|| To take counsel with anybody, consiliari: in consilium ire (the latter of judges, etc.): deliberare (to take into consideration), also habere deliberationem:consulere or consultare: consilium inire or capere (to take counsel): about anything, de re: with anybody, deliberare or consultare cum aliquo: aliquem in consilium vocare or assumere: consilium capere una cum aliquo: aliquem adhibere in consilium or ad deliberationes: with anybody about anything, aliquem (or aliquid)in consilium alicujus rei adhibere: consilia inter se communicare: for the sake of consulting, consiliandi causa: one must consult about anything, consilii res est:res in deliberationem cadit: to consult nobody, se solum in consilium vocare: as to the rest you had better consult yourself, de reliquo malo te ipsum loqui tecum (Cicero, ad Div. 12, 3, extr.). || Have regard to; to consult anybody’s interests, consulere alicui: consulere or prospicere alicujus saluti or rationibus: to consult the interests of mankind, utilitati hominum consulere.
CONSULTATION, consultatio: consilium (the taking counsel with one’s self or with others; the former as action): deliberatio (the careful consideration of what is to be done, or what resolution is to be taken, Cicero, Off., 1. 3, 9; Att., 8, 15, 2). (the words are found in this connection and order), deliberatio et consultatio: to hold a consultation, consultare or deliberare: consilium habere de re; deliberationes habere de re (of several persons): to hold a consultation with anybody, deliberare, consultare cum aliquo (Cicero):to hold consultations on the state of the republic, deliberationes habere de republica (Cicero): to require any consultation, aliquam in deliberationem or consultationem res venit: to call or invite anybody to a consultation, aliquem adhibere in consilium or ad deliberationes (Cicero).
CONSUME, || to destroy, consumere: absumere; conficere (e.g., of care, etc.); (the words are found in this connection and order),conficere et consumere: haurire (of fire; of which consumere, absumere, are also used): to be consumed by fire, flammis absumi:incendio consumi: fire consumes all things, ignis consumptor or confector omnium: the fire consumes every thing, ignis omnia disturbat ac dissipat: anybody is consumed by grief, ægritudo exest alicujus animum: to be consumed by grief, mœrore consumi: to consume one’s energies, strength, etc., vires consumere. Time consumes all things, nihil est quod non conficiat vetustas: to consume one’s self (itself), se conficere; tabescere [vid. CONSUME, INTR.]: consuming, tabificus (perturbationes, morbus): omnia hauriens (of fire). || To lavish; e.g., property, effundere, conficere.(the words are found in this connection and order),effundere et consumere: dissipare: obligurire:lacerare (e.g., patrimonium, patria bona): perdere (consume unnecessarily, waste; e.g., tempus, or tempore abuti).|| To use for the sustenance of the body, edere: comedere (eat up): exedere (eat away or up; used also of grief).
CONSUME, INTR., se conficere: tabescere: contabescere (to waste away gradually; of persons; e.g., morbo, desiderio).
CONSUMER, consumptor: confector (veterani consumptores sc. patrimonii, Seneca). [Vid. To CONSUME.] || The consumer (opposed to to “the seller”), emptor, emptores.
CONSUMMATE, ad exitum adducere: ad finem perducere: conficere (finish): consummare (classical, after the Augustan Age; vid. Ruhnken, Vel., 2,89): absolvere: perficere [SYN. in PERFECT, v.]: ad effectum adducere (opposed to spe concipere, Cicero): ad effectum alicujus rei pervenire (e.g., consiliorum, Cicero).
CONSUMMATE, adj., summus: perfectus: absolutus.(the words are found in this connection and order), perfectus atque absolutus: absolutus et perfectus:expletus et perfectus: perfectus cumulatusque:perfectus completusque (having the highest degree of perfection): also absolutus omnibus numeris: perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus (perfect in every part). A consummate philosopher, philosophus absolutus:a consummate orator, orator perfectus: homo perfectus in dicendo:a man of consummate learning, homo or vir doctissimus: homo nobilis et clarus ex doctrina: a physician of consummate skill, medicus arte insignis. For a consummate rogue, rascal, fool, etc., vid. ARRANT.
CONSUMMATELY, perfecte: absolute: plane: prorsus:omnino: summe (in the highest degree: officiosus, Cicero). Sometimes by superlative adjective: consummately foolish, stolidissimus:stultissimus: consummately impudent, impudentissimus: bene et naviter impudens (Cicero).
CONSUMMATION, || The completing, confectio: consummatio (post-Augustan): effectio: effectus (the carrying into effect): peractio: exsecutio (execution): finis; exitus (end). || State of completion, absolutio:perfectio. (the words are found in this connection and order),absolutio perfectioque:to bring one’s plans to their consummation, consiliorum suorum exsecutorem esse: the work has not yet been brought to its consummation, operi nondum accessit ultima manus: to bring anything to its consummation, aliquid ad exitum or ad finem adducere.
CONSUMPTION, consumptio (a consuming; vid. To CONSUME). || The disease, tabes (of which Celsus, 3, 22, gives the different kinds in Greek; later writers in Latin; as, atrophia; cachexia; phthisis). A slow consumption, lenta tabes: to fall into a consumption, corpus ad tabem venit:tabes aliquem invadit: to be dying of consumption, *tabe laborare [Sidon., Ep., 5, 14, uses phthisiscare, to be suffering from consumption]: to die of a rapid cnsumption, subito macie, et deinde morte corripi. OBSERVE, Phthisis is (according to Celsus, 3, 22) the longe periculosissima species; oritur fere e capite; inde in pulmonem destillat; huic exulceratio accedit; ex hac febricula levis fit, quæ etiam cum quievit, tamen, repetit: frequens tussis est: pus exscreatur; interdum cruentum aliquid. This is “vera phthisis.”
CONSUMPTIVE, tabidus (general term): phthisicus (φθισικός, phthisical, Vitruvius, Plinius): to be consumptive, *tabe laborare [Sidon., phthisiscare]. [Vid. also, CONSUMPTION.] || Destructive. vid. κυρικιμασαηικο
CONTACT, tactio: tactus (a touching): contactus (e.g., mulieris, viri: also, improperly, contactus valentiorum:and = ” contagious example,” Tacitus): contagio (contact, in a good or bad sense: contagium only in poets [in plural], and in post-Augustan prose): not to come into contact with anything, ne minima quidem alicujus rei societate contingi: point of contact, *punctum contactus (properly, in geometry): angle of contact (where two lines cross each other), *angulus contactus.
CONTAGION, contactus (properly, and tropically as act): contagio (contagium only in post-Augustan prose; in plural in poets, lucri, Horatius: the infection and the disease itself; properly, and tropically). They keep their morals pure from contagion, mores sinceros integrosque a contagione servant (with genitive of the persons from whom the infection proceeds; e.g., accolarum). To infect a whole flock by contagion, universum gregem contagione prosternere: the disease propagates itself by contagion, contactu morbus in alios vulgatur:crime, like a plague, spreads amongst the well-disposed by contagion, licentia scelerum. quasi tabes, ad integros contactu procedit (SSallustius, Fragm., 1, 19, p. 220). Vid. CONTAGIOUSNESS.
CONTAGIOUS, pestilens:
contagiosus (Veget., but used in modern medicine): a contagious disease, contagio (unclassical, contagium)morbi: pestilentia: vulgatus in homines morbus (of one that has proved itself contagious, Livius). A contagious example, contactus (e.g., ceteræ legiones, contactu bellum meditabantur, Tacitus).
CONTAGIOUSNESS, contactus (e.g., dominations, Tacitus): contagio (e.g., criminis; illius sceleris; turpitudinis): contagiones (e.g., Græciam evertit contagionibus malorum, Cicero): contagia, plural, (in poetry, and post- Augustan prose; e.g., lucri, Horatius, scelerum, Lucretius).
CONTAIN, || To hold (as a vessel, etc.), continere.complecti: comprehendere: habere (e.g., quid tandem habuit liber iste, quod, etc., what after all did the book contain, which, etc., vid. Cicero, Brut., 4, 14): to be contained in anything, aliqua re contineri; in aliqua re inesse: to be contained in philosophical works, philosophorum libris contineri, (Cicero). || Restrain; to contain one’s self, se tenere, cohibere, coercere or continere, potentem sui or mentis esse:compotem esse sui, or mentis, or animi: in potestate mentis esse: to be hardly able to contain oneself, vix se continere posse, quin, etc., vix temperare sibi posse, quin, etc.: I can hardly contain myself, vix comprimor, quin, etc. (vid. Plautus, Most., 1, 3, 46): to be unable to contain one’s self, sui non potentem or sui impotentem esse:sui non compotem esse; also non apud se esse (to be beside one’s self; e.g., præ iracundia, not to contain one’s anger):to contain one’s anger, iram reprimere: not to contain one’s anger, ira teneri: not to be able to contain one’s anger, impotentem esse iræ: to contain anybody in his duty (Spenser), coercere aliquem et in officio continere; to contain one’s tears, lacrimas tenere:fletum reprimere: lacrimis temperare (Cicero): one’s laughter, risum tenere, rontinere. Vid. RESTRAIN.
CONTAMINATE, contaminare: commaculare: inquinare: polluere: spurcare: conspurcare [SYN. in DEFILE]: oblinere (e.g., parricidio oblltus, Cicero): fœdare (to defile, to make foul): violare (to dishonour, also to profane): to contaminate one’s self, se inquinare sordibus; turpitudinis notam subire (to disgrace one’s self): to contaminate one’s hands with blood, contaminare se sanguine (Cicero): manus suas sanguine cruentare: to contaminate one’s character by debauchery, vitam oblinere libidine: libidinibus inquinari: to contaminate one’s glory, gloriam fœdare, infuscare: one’s fame, famam inquinare: to contaminate the mind by all manner of wickedness, contaminare mentem omni scelere (Livius): to be contaminated, contaminari (e.g., parricidio): contaminated with crime, flagitiis commaculatus (Tacitus): to be contaminated by no crime, nullo crimine imbutum esse: not contaminated, inviolatus.
CONTAMINATION, contaminatio: pollutio (both late): macula, labes (blot; stigma): contagio: contactus (contagious infection): free from contamination, inviolatus (opposed to pollutus).
CONTEMN, vid. DESPISE.
CONTEMPLATE, properly, spectare: contemplari (only of contemplating natural objects or works of art): considerare (to examine or consider with reference to forming a choice or decision: when applied to beauties of nature or art, considerare is an act of the understanding, contemplari of the feeling or imagination; Cf. Cicero, Off., 1, 41, 147; Gellius, 2, 21): intueri (to fix one’s eyes upon). (the words are found in this connection and order),intueri et contemplari: contueri (to contemplate with fixed attention): oculis collustrare or perlustrare (to survey carefully): visere: invisere (to take a close view; especially of things that interest us, Görenz, Cicero, Fin., 5, 1, 1, p. 531 ): perspicere (to look through and through; examine carefully). (the words are found in this connection and order),contueri perspicereque.To contemplate eagerly, intently, etc., intentis oculis contemplari.IMPROPERLY, contemplari animo, or animo et cogitatione:considerare secum in animo, or simply contemplari or considerare, and (the words are found in this connection and order),contemplari et considerare: referre animum ad aliquid (to direct one’s mind to any object); lustrare animo, or ratione animoque: perlustrare animo, or mente animoque: circumspicere mente: perpendere, expendgre (weigh): to contemplate anything with the utmost care, aliquid quam maxime intentis oculis, ut ajunt, acerrime contemplari: to contemplate the thing as it really is, ad veritatem revocare rationem: to contemplate one’s self, considerare se ipsum cum animo: contemplatione sui frui.
CONTEMPLATION, contemplatio: consideratio: inspectio (as well with the eyes as with the mind): careful, minute contemplation, conspectus (e.g., of nature, naturæ):repeated or diligent, constant contemplation, contemplationes (vid. Görenz, Cicero, Fin., 5, 19, 51): to be blind in the contemplation of things, cæcum esse in contemplandis rebus: a careful and accurate contemplation, magna ac diligens contemplatio (Cicero):the contemplation of nature, consideratio contemplatioque naturæ.|| Meditation [vid.], meditatio: commentatio:to be wrapped in contemplation, multa cum animo suo cogitare: wrapped in contemplation, mente in aliqua re defixus: in cogitatione defixus:worthy of contemplation, contemplatione dignus: contemplandus:considerandus: visendus. [Vid. CONSIDERATIION.]|| To have anything in contemplation, agitare also with (in)mente or animo: cogitare (with following infinitive): parare (to be preparing): moliri (a great and difficult work): id agere, ut, etc.: the contemplation of great undertakings, magnarum rerumagitatio. Vid. PURPOSE.
CONTEMPLATIVE, contemplativus (philosophical technical term, Seneca, Ep., 95, 10, philosophia contemplativa opposed to activa). A contemplative life, degendæ vitæ ratio in contemplatione et cognitione rerum (divinarum)posita (Cicero, Fin., 5, 4, 11): contemplative philosophy, philosophia contemplativa (Seneca); or quæ in rerum contemplatione versatur: to be a contemplative philosopher, or to lead a contemplative life, studium in contemplatione rerum collocare (in a philosophical sense): contemplative studies or pursuits, studia cogitationis (Cicero, Off., 1, 6, 19), or studia scientiæ cognitionisque.
CONTEMPLATOR, contemplator: feminine contemplatrix: animadversor (who watches anything, Cicero, Off., 1, 41, 146):contemplator of nature, speculator venatorque naturæ (Cicero, N. D., 1, 30, in.). Vid. also, OBSERVER.
CONTEMPORARY, quod uno or uno et eodem tempore est or fit. To be contemporary, eodem tempore, quo aliud, esse or fieri (of things). || Of persons, æqualis alicui or alicujus (living about the same time), or æqualis illorum temporum:qui ejusdem ætatis est [Cf., coævus, coætaneus and contemporaneus, belong to declining Latinity]: anybody’s contemporary, alicujus or alicui æqualis: a man’s contemporaries, ejusdem ætatis or temporis homines: alicujus ætas: nearly my contemporary, meus fere æqualis: a celebrated contemporary of his was Protagoras, simul floruit Protagoras: Alcibiades, Critias, and Theramenes, were almost contemporaries, eidem ætati suppares Alcibiades, Critias, Theramenes: Socrates was not understood by his contemporaries, Socratem ætas sua parum intellexit; Socrates ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur.Contemporary history, historia nostræ ætatis, or nostri (illius, sui, etc.)temporis (vid. Lampridius, Anton. Diadum, etc.): earum rerum historia, quæ nostra ætate, or ipsius ætate, or illa ætate gestæ sunt (vid. Cicero, Brut., 83, 286):a writer of contemporary history, qui scribit (scripsit, etc.)historiam earum rerum, quæ sunt ipsius ætate gestæ (Cicero, Brut., 83, 286), or historiam sui temporis.
CONTEMPT, contemptio: contemptus: despicientia (a looking down with contempt upon anybody); (the words are found in this connection and order), contemptio et despicientia. spretio (a disdaining, Livius, 40, 5)[SYN. in DESPISE.] A proud contempt of others, fastidium: to fall into contempt, in contemptionem adduci (by anything, aliqua re); in contemptionem venire (with anybody, alicui): to be regarded with contempt, contemni (by anybody, ab aliquo): to be an object of contempt to anybody, contemptui or despicatui (not despectui) esse alicui: to draw contempt upon anybody, alicui contemptum or contemptionem afferre: with contempt, or in contempt, contemptim: cum contemptu: cum fastidio: to speak of anybody with contempt, contemptim loqui de aliquo: to look down upon anybody with contempt, despicere aliquem. Sometimes the participle contemnens may serve (e.g., transibat contemnens ossa, passed them by with contempt, Propert., 3, 1, extr.). ” In contempt of anything,” by contemptus or neglectus in ablative absolute: he returned to Rome in contempt of all my entreaties, contemptis or neglectis precibus meis Romam rediit: one who shows contempt, contemptor: feminine contemptrix: spretor. Vid. CONTEMPTUOUSLY.
CONTEMPTIBLE, contemnendus (to be despised): contemptus: despectus (despised, SYN. in DESPISE): abjectus (worthless). (the words are found in this connection and order),contemptus et abjectus:vilis (mean; e.g., honour): [Cf., not contemptilis, despicabilis, or aspernabilis]; contemptible in the eyes of all the rest, abjectus, or contemptus, or despectus a ceteris: a contemptible fellow, homo despicatissimus: homo contemptissimus, or contemptissimus et despectissimus: to become contemptible, in contemptionem venire or adduci: to render contemptible, contemptum or contemptionem afferre alicui: in contemptionem adducere aliquem: to render anybody contemptible in anybody’s eyes, afferre alicui contemptionem apud aliquem: to be contemptible, contemptui or despicatui (not despectui)esse.
CONTEMPTIBLY, abjecte: humiliter: illiberaliter (meanly): timide:
ignave (in a cowardly manner): serviliter: muliebriter (like a slave or woman: all Cicero).To behave contemptibly, *humilem or illiberalem se præbere (meanly).
CONTEMPTUOUS, contemnens: contemptuous behaviour, fastidium:superbia: insolentia. Vid. PROUD, HAUGHTY.
CONTEMPTUOUSLY, contemptim: to speak contemptuously of anybody, contemptim loqui de aliquo: to look down contemptuously upon anybody or anything, despicere aliquem or aliquid, or despicatui habere, or despicatum habere: he passed by the bones of the dead contemptuously, transibat contemnens ossa (Propertius, 3, 1, quite at the end): to think contemptuously of anybody, male de aliquo opinari (vid. Bremi, Suetonius, Oct., 51):to treat anybody contemptuously, *aliquem contemptim tractare: aliquem contemnere (or despicere)et pro nihilo ducere: despicere et pro nihilo putare.
CONTEND, || Cicero, with = fight [vid. To COMBAT]. || FIGURATIVELY (in argument), impugnare, oppugnare.To contend against anybody’s views, alicujus opinioni repugnare: certare cum aliquo de aliqua re (to endeavour to get the better of an antagonist in argument): concertare (of two endeavouring to do so alternately, cum aliquo de aliqua re): contendere verbis or jurgio (contend violently, in a quarrelsome manner, cum aliquo): decertare (to bring to a decision by argument or words): altercari cum aliquo (to have an altercation with anybody): controversiam habere (to have a dispute or difference, before a court or elsewhere), with anybody, cum aliquo, about anything, de aliqua re (e.g., de fundo, de hereditate): litigare (to be involved in a dispute, generally and before a court, cum aliquo de aliqua re): disceptare, also with verbis (to have a dispute, discuss with a view to discover the truth, or ascertain what is right; with anybody, cum aliquo, about anything, de aliqua re): rixari (cum aliquo, to quarrel with anybody): jurgio contendere cum aliquo: jurgiis certare [vid. To QUARREL]: to contend for and against, disputare in contrarias partes, or in utramque partem: to contend neither for nor against, in nullam partem disputare: to contend for anything, pro re pugnare. [vid., also, DISCUSS, DISPUTE.] || Maintain, affirmare:[not asserere]: confirmare: asseverare: velle: contendere, defendere: aio. To contend that anything is not so, negare, with accusative and infinitive (e.g., Democritus negat sine furore quemquam poetam magnum esse posse, Cicero). [SYN. in ASSERT.] || CONTEND FOR; vid. STRIVE (for).
CONTENT, || Contented, vid. || To be content (to do anything), velle or paratum esse: facile pati: I am quite content to let the balance of kind offices be in my favor, apudme plus officii residere facillime patior (Cicero).
CONTENT, v. Satisfy, vid. || Gratify, please, vid.
CONTENT, CONTENTMENT, tranquillitas animi:animus tranquillus (mental tranquillity, absence of passions and desires: vid. Seneca, Tranq., 2, 3): hilaritas: animus hilaris (serenity, cheerfulness): to live in contentment, sorte sua contentum vivere: tranquille vivere: to my great contentment, cum magna mea voluptate. Vid. also, SATISFACTION.
CONTENTED, contentus: with anything, aliqua re: to be contented with one’s lot, sorte sua contentum vivere: to be contented with very little, minimo contentum esse (Cicero): to be, etc., aliqua re contentum esse; acquiescere aliqua re (not to require anything more or anything else): in aliqua re acquiescere (to find contentment in anything, f. Zumpt, § 416): aliquid probare, or approbare, or accipere (to approve of; accept). || Absolutely, parvo or paucis contentus (with little): sorte sua contentus (with his fate): suis rebus contentus; eo, quod adest, contentus: tranquillus (in his mind): a contented mind, animus æquus or tranquillus. Vid. SATISFIED and CONTENT, adjective.
CONTENTEDLY, tranquille: placide (calmly): to live very contentedly, sorte sua contentum vivere. [Vid. CONTENT, adjective] [Cf., Not contente, which is ” vehemently.”]
CONTENTS, quod aliqua re continetur (that which is enclosed in a certain space): summa (the principal heads of a letter, discourse, etc. ): sententia: sententiæ (principal or leading thought in a speech, writing, disquisition): argumentum (the subject-matter of a speech, etc.; for which materia is not classical; vid. Quintilianus, 5, 10, 9, Spalding): epitome (short extract)[vid. PURPORT]. A table of contents, argumentum (will mostly do, from the context): *argumenti conspectus (after pecuniæ conspectus, Gellius).
CONTENTION, concertatio (the reciprocal exertions of two persons to conquer each other in argument): certatio (dispute in general, as act; also before a court): certamen (contest with words, as event): contentio (carried on violently): disceptatio (a discussion for the purpose of arriving, e.g., at the real truth ofanything; also before a court): pugna (between literati in matters of opinion, as Cicero, De Divin., 2, 51, near the beginning: hic quanta pugna est doctissimorum hominum): controversia (the dispute, in as far as each believes himself in the right; also before a court; and, in general, a literary dispute): altercatio (any violent discussion, but especially a dispute arising from difference of opinion, and which, at times, is carried on from mere obstinacy, and mostly with heat): jurgium (dispute accompanied with abusive, insulting words): rixa (violent dispute, on trifles especially; attended by menaces, and even acts of violence): lis (in standard prose only of a suit before a court). To cause contention, controversiam facere (as well of the thing as of the person that causes it): causam jurgii inferre (to get up a quarrel; of the author). [Vid., also, DISPUTE, QUARREL.] || Emulation, zeal, æmulatio: studium: certamen: an honorable contention, honesta certatio: to enter into a contention with anybody, in certamen cum aliquo descendere. [Vid. ZEAL.] || Contentiousness, vid.
CONTENTIOUS, certandi or concertationis cupidus:litigiosus: cupidus litium (fond of lawsuits, litigious): cupidus rixæ: ad rixam promptus (fond of quarrels). Vid. also, QUARRELSOME.
CONTENTIOUSNESS, *litium cupiditas: certandi or concertationis studium: altercandi or rixandi studium:alacritas ad litigandum. SYN. in CONTENTION.
CONTENTMENT, vid. CONTENT.
CONTERMINOUS, confinis (having a common frontier): conjunctus alicui loco (vid. Held., Cæsar, B. G., 1, 64), continens alicui loco, or cum aliquo loco: attingens aliquem locum (Cicero, Fam., 15, 4, 4): Cf., affinis, in this sense, occurs in classical prose only in Livius, 28, 17, 5: conterminus and contiguus, poetical, and in later writers. Vid. CONTIGUOUS.
CONTEST, v. impugnare: oppugnare (to attack an opinion): aliquid in controversiam vocare, adducere, or perducere (to call it into controversy). To contest a point with anybody, contendere cum aliquo de aliqua re: to contest every thing, contra omnia disserere: to contest anybody’s opinion, alicujus opinioni repugnare: to be contested, in contentionem venire; in controversiam vocari, adduci, deduci; in disceptationem vocari. || Vie with, vid.
CONTEST, s. || With weapons [vid. COMBAT].|| With words, [vid. DISPUTE, CONTENTION]:to enter into a contest with anybody, certamen cum aliquo instituere: a contest arises, oritur certamen or controversia: to engage in a contest in certamen descendere, with anybody, cum aliquo: to be involved in a contest with, etc., venire in certamen cum aliquo.I have a contest with anybody, est mihi certamen or certatio or contentio or controversia cum aliquo: habeo contentionem or aliquid contentionis cum aliquo: habeo controversiam cum aliquo (general term).They are engaged in a contest with each other respecting some property, est inter eos de possessione contentio. I have a contest with anybody about anything, est mihi controversia alicujus rei cum aliquo: habeo controversiam cum aliquo de aliqua re:litigo cum aliquo de aliqua re: to terminate a contest (by an arrangement, etc.), controversiam componere or dirimere or sedare: the interference of the consuls put an end to the contest, intercursu consulum rixa sedata est: to decide a contest, dijudicare controversiam.IMPROPERLY, certatio (e.g. virtutis cum voluptate): there can be no contest between the useful and the good, utilia cum honestis pugnare non possunt: a contest against lust is no easy matter, cupiditatibus resistere difficile est: the contest of the elements, pugna rerum naturæ secum.
CONTESTABLE, quod in controversiam cadit, or in controversiam vocari potest. [Cf., disputabilis (Seneca. Ep., 88, 37)= a subject for and against which much may be said].
CONTESTED, aliquid in controversia est or versatur:controversus: quod or de quo ambigitur (the object contested; e.g., res. ager): dubius (doubtful); (the words are found in this connection and order),dubius controversusque.[In Livius, 3, 72, and Seneca, Ep., 85, 20, we find controversiosus: controversiosam sibi adjudicare rem, Livius].To be contested in controversia esse or versari: in controversiam deductum esse: in contentione esse or versari:in disceptatione versari. Anything is still a contested point, adhuc sub judice lis est (Horatius).
CONTEXT, verba (scriptoris)contexta (opposed to singula verba: after Quintilianus, 9, 4, 23, ejus [ordinis] observatio in verbis est singulis et contextis): from the context, *ex contextis ipsius scriptoris verbis: or *ex ipsius scriptoris verbis, non singulis, sed contextis (e. g. judicare, intelligere aliquid). OBSERVE, contextus orationis, sermonis, etc., is the manner in which it is put together, the mutual dependence of its parts, etc. Sometimes perhaps continuatio seriesque rerum or verborum may help.
CONTEXTURE, contextus (Lucretius and Ulpianus, Dig.).
CONTIGNATION, contignatio (Cæsar).
CONTIGUITY, circumlocution with adjectives or verbs under CONTIGUOUS. From the contiguity of their houses, *propter contiguas domos [continentia, cohærentia, are used in this sense by Macrobius, Saturnalia, 5, 15, continentia regionum; cohærentia regionum].
CONTIGUOUS, continuus (e. g. aer terræ, Seneca):continens alicui loco or cum aliquo loco (e. g. per Cappadociæ partem eam, quæ cum Cilicia continens est, Cicero; continentia atque adjuncta prædia huic fundo, Cicero).(the words are found in this connection and order),continens atque adjunctus (alicui loco):conjunctus alicui loco (Cæsar, Nepos.; not cum aliquo loco, since that would imply “intermixture,” “internal connexion,” Held ad Cæsar, B. C., 64):confinis (having a common frontier):contiguus (e.g., contiguas tenuere domos, Ovidius, Poet., and later prose writers).To be contiguous, adjacere, imminere alicui terræ: tangere, attingere, contingere terram (especially of contiguous countries):continentes or continuos (poetically, contiguos)esse (of houses): contingere inter se (of which each touches the other): our houses are contiguous, continuas habemus or tenemus domos (after Ovidius, Met., 4, 57, vid., Gierig.).
CONTINENCE, || Self-restraint, continentia (command over sensual desires: opposed to libido; luxuria incontinentia; vid. Cicero, Invent., 2, 44, Gr. ἐγκρίτεια ): temperantia (moderation in sensual enjoyments): abstinentia (in the Golden Age, is command over the desire of what belongs to another): imperium sui (the mastery over one’s own passions, Plinius): OBSERVE, animi continentia; integritas et continentia are in Cicero the integrity and continence of a good magistrate, etc. || Chastity, castitas:castimonia (as an abiding quality, and in a religious point of view): continentia (ecclesiastical technical term): abstinentia veneris (Quintilianus). To preserve continence, castitatem tueri: castitatis gloriam tenere (both Lactantius): continentiam servare (Augustus): an example of continence, exemplum continentiæ: to live a life of continence (of a nun), *sanctimoniam per omnem vitam servare.
CONTINENT, s. continens terra; but more commonly continens, fem. only (Ablative, e and i equally common, Freund). On the continent, in continenti (Nepos): to send ambassadors to the continent, in continentem legatos mittere (Cæsar): to be brought to him on the continent, in continentem adduci: to reach the continent, ad continentem pervenire: to fetch from the continent, ex continenti comportare (things); ex continenti arcessire (persons; e.g., fabros, Cæsar): to leave anybody on the continent, aliquem in continente relinquere (Cæsar, B. G., 5, 8): to spend the winter on the continent, in continenti hiemem agere (ibid., 22). [Politian is wrong in using it as masculine; uterque continens: adversus continens. Krebs.]
CONTINENT, adj., continens (in aliqua re): abstinens [SYN. in CONTINENCE]: castus continensque: abstinens rebus venereis (Columella): to lead a continent life, continenter vivere (Cicero); rebus venereis non uti (after Cicero); rebus venereis abstinere, Columella.
CONTINENTAL, by genitive, continentis: a continental town, *oppidum continentis (cf. Livius, 35, 43): the continental powers or states, *principes or civitates Europæ.
CONTINENTLY, continenter: abstinenter [SYN. in CONTINENCE]: to live ccontinently, continenter vivere (Cicero)abstinere rebus venereis (Columella, 12, 4, 3).
CONTINGENCY, || the quality of being fortuitous; circumlocution by in casu esse; fortuito accidere (Cicero); *casu non necessitate accidere, fieri, etc., cæco casu fieri (Cicero). [Kraft gives *conditio fortuita, in casu posita; nulla necessitas.] To prove the contingency of anything, *probare rem casu evenisse; probare rem non esse necessariam.|| A contingency (= a contingent event):casus: quod casu fit: quod non habet necessitatem:quod fortuito, or temere ac fortuito, fit (factum est, etc.): quod fortuito accidit. Contingencies, fortuita (plural); res fortuitæ; casus.
CONTINGENT, fortuitus: forte oblatus: in casu positus: non necessarius: adventicius [SYN. in ACCIDENTAL]. To be contingent, in casu esse (e.g., quod externum, id in casu est): if these things are governed by any necessary law of this kind, what in the world is there, that we can believe to be merely contingent? si hæc habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Contingent events, fortuita (plural); res fortuitæ or in fortuna positæ (Cicero): casus. These things are necessary, not contingent, hæc quadam ex necessitate eodem modo semper fiunt (Cicero).
CONTINGENT (of troops), quantum militum quæque civitas mittere debet (after Nepos, Arist. 3, 1): also auxilia only (if they are auxiliaries). To determine the contingent of each state, quantum militum quæque civitas mittat, constituere: auxilia singularum civitatium describere (Justinianus, 9, 5, 4). To bring one’s contingent into the field, suum numerum conferre (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 75, extr.).
CONTINGENTLY, casu: fortuito or fortuitu: forte fortuna: temere. (the words are found in this connection and order),casu et fortuito: temere ac fortuito. SYN. in ACCIDENT.
CONTINUAL, continens (uninterrupted; bella, labor, itinera, febres): continuus (same meaning; bella, Livius; cursus prœliorum, Tacitus; incommoda. Cæsar; labor, Quintilianus; itinera, Lepid. ap. Cicero): assiduus (also uninterrupted; but of time only not of place; constant; imbres, opera, ærecordatio; febricula; otium; sterilitas incursus barbarorum; gemitus, Ovius): perpetuus (continuing all through to the end, historia; risus, Ovius; defensio contra aliquem: amicitia; sumtus, voluntas): perennis (lasting the whole year: then lasting through many years; militia: cursus stellarum; aquæ; amnis). (the words are found in this connection and order),continuus et perennis (e.g., motio); perennis atque perpetuus (e.g., cursus stellarum). Vid. CONSTANT.
CONTINUALLY, continenter (Cf., in this sense continue is pre- and post- classical: continuo is found twice in Quintilianus [2, 20, 3; 9, 1, 11], but Hand entirely rejects it in this sense: “quod perpetuum est—id veteres scriptores adverbiis continue et continenter, non adverbio continuo exprimunt. Hoc enim non ponitur, nisi—pro ‘statim,’ ‘nulla mora interposita.'” ii. 104.): uno tenore: perpetuo: assidue (Cf., assiduo, pre- and post- classical; Plautus, Plinius; SYN. in CONSTANT): sine intennissione: nullo temporis puncto intermisso (without intermission): semper: usque (always: the former absolutely, the latter with a reference, expressed or implied, to a definite limit). (the words are found in this connection and order),continenter usque ad aliquid (continually up to a crtain point; e.g., ad ipsum negotium, Cicero): to rain continually for two days, continenter biduum—pluere (Livius):to be continually at his books, studia numquam intermittere; tota vita assidere libris; hærere in libris: to be continually at work, nullum tempus ad laborem intermittere: to be continually beseeching anybody, aliquem precibus fatigare.
CONTINUANCE, continuatio (e.g., imbrium, Cæsar; laborum, Suetonius; causarum, Cicero): diuturnitas (long continuance, belli, Nepos; pugnæ, Cæsar; reipublicæ, Cicero): tenor (equable course): perpetuitas (e.g., voluntatis):stabilitas (firmness; steady continuance: amicitiæ, fortunæ).To be of long continuance, durare; manere; stare; stabilem, firmum, esse: to be of short continuance, non diu manere or stare; fragilem, caducum fluxum esse. Cf., “A long continuance of anything” may often be translated by diuturnus with the word that in English follows “of:” a long continuance of peace, labour, etc., diuturna pax; diuturnus or diutinus labor; a long continuance of wretched health, diuturna perturbatio totius valetudinis. This joy was not of long continuance, hæc lætitia non nimis diuturna fuit (Nepos): this emotion is generally of no very long continuance, hæc perturbatio animi plerumque brevis est, et ad tempus (Cicero): they maintain the continuance of the human soul after death, aiunt animos post mortem manere or remanere. For a continuance, diu: to please for a continuance, diu placere. || Perseverance: vid. || Abode, vid.
CONTINUATION. || Act of continuing anything: circumlocution by verbs under CONTINUE: for the continuation of the species, ad genus faciendum (Just.). || Continuance, vid. || Continuation (i.e., later portion)of a narrative, etc.: reliqua pars: *quod reliquum est. Cf., continuatio not Latin in this sense; the continuation is to follow, reliqua deinceps persequemur (as promise of the author, Cicero): plura, alia or quædam sequentur, addentur, subjicientur (Kraft). As a title or heading, ” Continuation” may be translated by *pars or particula altera, tertia, etc. (as the case may be, Krebs); or by *res instituta porro tractatur or pertractatur: *porro or amplius tractatur eadem res, or de eadem re (Krebs). CONTINUE, TR., || To go on with anything: facere aliquid pergo: exsequi, especially persequi aliquid (to carry it through till the proposed end is reached: e.g., an undertaking, incepta exsequi or persequi: enmity, inimicitias persequi): alicui operi instare (to carry it on with activity and spirit): perseverare in re or with infinitive (to carry it on with pertinacity, perseverance: to continue the war, perseverare in bello or perseverare bellare: the siege, perseverare in obsidione): extendere (to lengthen; e.g., anything to midnight, aliquid ad mediam noctem; the battle to nightfall, pugnam ad noctem: Livius): propagare (to prolong; e.g., anybody’s command for another year, propagare alicui imperium in annum, Livius): producere (to draw out; to lengthen; e.g., sermonem in multam noctem):
continuare or non intermittere aliquid (to carry or without interruption; e.g., opus, Cæsar): Cf., Never use continuare unless the action has been uninterrupted:to continue after an interruption is pergere aliquid facere. ” to continue a journey ” may be iter continuare (Cæsar), or iter non intermittere, if it is uninterrupted; but to continue it after a halt (= to resume it)must be pergere conficere iter reliquum (Cicero); iter persequi; to continue a drinking bout for two days and two nights, continuare perpotationem biduo duabusque noctibus (Plinius): to continue one’s studies, literarum studia tenere, or persequi: to continue the war (vid. perseverare above), bellum persequi or (after an interruption)bellum renovare, instaurare (Krebs after Dietrich). The work is continued without any intermission through the whole of the night, nulla pars nocturni temporis ad laborem intermittitur (Cæsar): that the work might be continued without the slightest interruption, ne quod omnino tempus ab opere intermitteretur (Id.): Anything has been continued by anything up to this day, aliquid usque ad hoc tempus aliqua re continuatum permansit (Cicero): to continue a subject, ea, quæ restant, persequi (Cicero). “The same subject continued” (as the heading of an article in a review, etc.), *res instituta porro tractatur or pertractatur (vid. CONTINUATION). || To extend in an unbroken line (of extension in space), continuare (e.g., pontem, Tacitus,; so Milton; ” a bridge from Hell continued”): extendere (stretch out; e.g., of the lines of an army; cornua; aciem; agmen ad mare, Curtius). || To retain; to persevere in a custom, in the habitual performance of anything, etc., tenere; retinere: servare (all opposed to rejicere): to continue a barbarous custom, retinere (illam)immanem ac barbaram consuetudinem (e.g., hominum immolandorum, Cicero): you continue your old ways and character, morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines (Terentianus): to continue one’s kindness to anybody, *pergere benigne or comiter aliquem tracare; *pergere beneficia in aliquem conferre; *pergere benevolentiam alicui præstare; anybody continues his kindness to me, obtineo alicujus benevolentiam (gratiam, humanitatem, etc.); alicujus gratiam mihi retineo; alicujus benevolentiam tueor; to continue one’s intimacy with anybody, in consuetudine cum aliquo permanere.
CONTINUE, INTR., || To last; manere: permanere: durare:stare (to last long without being shaken or overthrown: regnum stetit, Livius,; qui si steterit idem, Cicero): perstare (in the same sense as stare: nihil est toto, quod perstet, in orbe, Ovidius): integram manere (to last without being injured, spoilt, etc.). [Cf., Tenere, in the sense of “lasting,” occurs in Livius only of the writers of the Golden Age: the rain continued all night, imber per totam noctem tenuit.] I am your fiend, and shall continue to be so, et sum et ero semper tibi amicus; *me semper tui studiosum habebis. If my health continues good, si sanitas constabit (Phædrus): to continue long, diuturnum esse: the battle continued without any pause for five hours, horis quinque continenter pugnatum est. OBS., aliquid non intermittit may be followed by infinitive. The weather continues, year after year, to be fine at the proper season, non intermittit suo tempore cœlum nitescere (Cicero).|| Abide: manere (e.g., with anybody, apud aliquem ): morari (e.g., hic; in provincia; Romae): commorari (e.g., at Rome, Romæ; with anybody, apud aliquem; in those parts, circum isthæc loca): sustinere se in aliquo loco (to stop there, from thinking it dangerous to proceed, etc., till certain intelligence is obtained: Vid. Cicero, 16, 2, in.). || To continue in anything: manere (e.g., in amicitia, voluntate, etc.): stare (to remain unshaken: stare in sententia, Livius: also with ablative only; suis judiciis stare, Cicero): perstare (e.g., in sententia, Cæsar; in incepto, Livius.): perseverare:constare (e.g., in sententia): consistere: persistere (vid. Herzog, Cæsar, B. G., 5, 36).
CONTINUED, continuatus. As adjective: continuus: continens: perpetuus: assiduus: perennis. [SYN. in CONTINUAL, vid.] A continued stream (of persons), continens agmen (e.g., migrantium). A continued fever, febris continens (Celsus); perpetua (Plinius): continued sleep, somnus continens: continued labour, labor continens (Cæsar); assiduus (Cicero). In consequence of the long-continued rains, continuatione imbrium (Cæsar). CONTINUITY, continuatio: continuitas (very rare: Varro; of the spine, spinæ, Plinius): perpetuitas (uninterrupted continuance in any course). CONTINUOUS, continens: continuus.
CONTORT, contorquere (used especially of whirling round, hurling, etc., weapons; but also of other bodies: globum, tantum corpus, currura, amnem): distorquere: depravare (distort, twist in an unnatural, unpleasing manner; with os, oculos, labra, etc.). Contorted, contortus. (the words are found in this connection and order),contortus et deflexus: distortus (e.g., vultus: crura): depravatus (oculi, crura). CONTORTION, contortio (the swinging round: dextræ): distortio: depravatio (both of the mouth; also distort, membrorum). (the words are found in this connection and order),distortio et depravatio.
CONTOUR, extremæ lineæ; extremitas picturæ (Plinius): to draw a contour, extrema corporum facere (or pingere), et desinentis picturæ modum includere (Plinius, 35, 10, 36); primas lineas ducere; primis lineis designare aliquid (sketch, Quintilianus). κυρικιμασαηικο CONTRABAND, vetitus. Contraband, goods, *vetitæ merces. To import contraband goods, *clam importare or invehere; *merces vetitas importare; rempublicam fraudare portorio; a dealer in contraband goods, *merces vetitas importans (of the importer): *qui mercaturam vetitam facit. CONTRACT, locatio: conductio (the conductor stipulates to receive from the locator a certain sum, merces, for the performance of some work; e.g., the erection of a building, or in consideration for the use and enjoyment of a thing to be returned. In the case of buildings, the contractor was called redemptor): redemptio (building-contract, or contract for the performance of a work):redemptura (only Livius, 23, 48, redempturis augere patrimonium, and Ulpianus): conditio (the stipulated terms). For the general terms, pactum, pactio; conventus, conventum, pactum conventum; conditio atque pactum [vid. COMPACT]. The contract, lex locationis or conductionis (the terms of it), tabulæ locationis (the contract itself, for which locatio is used metonomy, Attius, 1, 17, 3): *tabulæ conductionis or conductio (for the conductor): syngrapha (the deed, as signed by both parties): the portico was restored by contract, porticus locatione reficiebatur (Cicero); they complained that the contract was too high, questi sunt, se nimium magno conduxisse: to cancel a contract, locationem inducere (Cicero): pactionem rescindere (Cicero): the contract was thrown up, renuntiata est tota conductio (Cicero, Verr., 1, 6, 17, ed. Zumpt: al. conditio): to undertake the contract, opus redimere (e.g., navem fabricandam, Ulpianus), or conducere (e.g., columnam faciendam, Cicero, the person from whom it is taken, de aliquo). By the terms of the contract, ex conductione; ex lege locationis: the amount of the contract, the sum specified in the contract, locarium (the sum which the lessor fixes and receives; but Varro, L. L., 5, 15, seems to confine it to the sum paid for a shop, stall, etc., quod datur, in stabulo et taberna ubi consistant, Lib., 5, 15):merces, mercedula (the sum to be paid by a lessee, rent, etc.): vectigal (as income, revenue, etc., of the lessor, etc.): *pretium conducti. The faithful observance of contracts, rerurn contractarum fides (Cicero, Off., 1, 5, 2). In every contract, in omni re contrahendi (Cicero, Off., 2, 18):in concluding contracts, in contrahendis negotiis (Cicero, Off., 2, 11): to enter into a contract with anybody, contrahere cum aliquo (Cicero, Tusc., 5, 36; and Off., 2, 18, 64). || MARRIAGE-CONTRACT; pactio nuptialis; pactio matrimonii (Tacitus). The marriage-contract, tabulæ nuptiales; dotis tabellæ. To conclude a marriage-contract, pactionem nuptialem facere (Livius; to enter into it): dotis tabellas consignare (to sign it, of the actual signing and sealing): to violate a marriage-contract, tabulas nuptiales rumpere.
CONTRACT, v. || Draw together into a smaller compass: contrahere (general term):the limbs; membra [opposed to porrigere]; supercilia [opposed to deducere]; collum [opposed to tendere]; frontem [ = to wrinkle it, Cicero]: a speech, orationem [opposed to summittere] (into the space of a few books, in paucos libros): constringere (to bind together, then figuratively = to compress; a speech, chain of reasoning, etc.): astringere (to compress tightly: opposed to solvere; e.g., the hands: then of cold, medicines; and finally of compressing a speech): coartare (to force into a narrow space, iter, viam): colligere (e.g., orbem, of troops): coangustare (rare: Hist. Varr.: to contract a pipe, tube, etc., fistulam, Celsus). || Draw together upon ourselves; hence form, incur, etc., contrahere, (general term, in nearly all the meanings of the English verb: thus, contrahere amicitiam, Cicero; morbum, Plinius; saginam corporis, Justinus; æs alienum, Cicero; matrimonia, Suetonius): colligere (e.g., the habit of endurance, usum patiendi, Ovidius). To contract an intimacy with anybody, recipere aliquem in familiaritatem: consuetudinem facere cum aliquo [ Cf., not contrahere familiaritatem cum aliquo, Krebs]:to contract an illness, contrahere adversam valetudinem; from or by anything, aliqua re; contrahere causam valetudinis ex aliqua re (e.g., ex profluvio alvi, Suetonius): morbum nancisci: to contract debts, æs alienum contrahere, facere, conflare: rust, robiginem trahere (Plinius,), from any cause, aliqua re:
to contract a habit, facere sibi morem (aliquid faciendi; but this implies more exercise of will than to “contract:” vid. colligere above). To contract a marriage, in matrimonium ire, matrimonium contrahere. More under the substantives with which “contract” is used. || To contract anybody to another (in marriage): spondere or despondere alicui aliquem [ Cf., desponsare, late]: to be contracted to anybody, alicui desponderi: contracted to anybody, sponsa or desponsa alicui. || To shorten syllables by abridgment: contrahere (contrahi duo verba dicuntur, quum in priore ultima vocalis eliditur, quia sequens verbum a vocali incipit, ad hiatum evitandum; item sine vocalibus brevitatis causa; ut multi’ modis. Singula etiam verba contrahi dicuntur, ut quum bis dicitur pro duis, ala pro axilla: Schütz, Lex. Cicero): imminuere verbum (Cicero, Or., 47, 157; e.g., nosse for novisse): duas syllabas in unam cogere (to contract two syllables into one: after Quintilianus): excutere syllabam (to throw out a syllable; as dixti for dixisti; deprendere for deprehendere, Quintilianus). || Render contracted (= narrow): to narrow; coangustare (properly; e.g., fistulam; vid. above): *angustum reddere. To contract the mind, *animum angustum or parvum et exiguum reddere [ Cf., contrahere animum is to make it sad; to distress it].
CONTRACT, v., INTR., se contrahere (e.g., the lungs, pulmones: also of animals): se astringere, astringi (of the intestines). CONTRACTED (as adjective), contractus:contractus et angustus: angustus (narrow). Contracted means or circumstances, angustiæ rei familiaris: tenuitas: contracta paupertas (Horatius). || As an epithet of the mind:angustus (narrow; animus, Cicero): minutus et angustus (Cicero): parvus (Cicero):parvus exiguusque (Juvenalis, little): tenuis (e.g., animus, ingenium): imbecillus (weak). CONTRACTEDNESS, of mind: angustus animus et parvus; pectoris angustiæ.
CONTRACTIBLE, CONTRACTIBILITY,circumlocution by verbs: se contrahere or se contrahere posse; contrahi posse; constringi, coartari, coangustari, etc., posse.
CONTRACTION, contractio (general term digitorum [opposed to remissio or porrectio]; brachii [opposed to projectio]; superciliorum [opposed to remissio]; frontis [opposed to remissio] ): constrictio (the binding together; hence, of the intestines by medicine: late): coartatio (of tubes, etc.; opposed to laxatio, Vitruvius). || Contraction in words, writing, etc., verborum nota: (scripturæ)compendium. [OBSERVE, notæ are any conventional marks or signs that stand for a word; thus, Augustus, when he wrote per notas, used b for a, c for b, etc., and aa for z, Suetonius, Oct., 64.] coitus syllabarum (as vitasse for vitavisse, Quintilianus, 9, 4, 69). [ Cf., Correptio is ” the shortening” a syllable: opposed to productio.] To write with contractions, *per compendia scribere: notare (opposed to perscribere, cf. Bremi, Suetonius, Oct., 64). CONTRACTOR, contrahens (general term): paciscens (who makes a contract or agreement): conductor, redemptor (who undertakes to supply articles; e.g., for an army; opposed to locator, he who offers the contract to others: redemptor, especially of a contractor for a building). Cf., Parochus: præbitor were persons who provided certain necessary articles for Roman citizens, travelling in an official character. This præbitor (in Cicero, Off., 2, 15, 53) is probably an attempt to translate the Greek πάροχος.
CONTRADICT, obloqui, anybody, alicui: contra dicere (absolute; to speak against anything; contradicere alicui or alicui rei, was not used before the Silver age): adversari (to oppose: alicui: to contradict every body, adversari semper omnibus, Cicero): impugnare aliquid (to assail. e.g., an opinion, sententiam): repugnare (to fight against, oppose; e.g., alicui rei or contra aliquid). To contradict in a noisy manner, obstrepere: to contradict with a loud voice, reclamare: to contradict one another, obloqui (of persons), inter se pugnare, or repugnare, or discrepare, or dissidere (to differ, to be inconsistent with each other, etc.,: of opinions): to contradict one’s self, secum pugnare (general term): pugnantia loqui (to say contradictory things): a se dissidere: sibi dissentire: sibi non constare (of persons who do not abide by a statement they have made, e.g., of a witness, etc.): they (the witnesses)contradict one another, non congruentia respondent.
CONTRADICTION, (A) as action: contradictio (post-Augustan): reclamatio (loud contradiction uttered): the spirit of contradiction, *obloquendi or obloquendi et repugnandi libido; concertationis studium (Cicero, De Divin., 1, 30, 62): without contradiction, nullo obloquente (nobody contradicting):beyond (all)contradiction, sine dubio (Cicero); procul dubio (Livius); haud dubie (Sallustius, Livius): non dubie (Cicero, rare: all, without doubt); sine (ulla)controversia: to meet with contradiction, impugnari; non omnibus probari (of statements): to meet with no contradiction, non impugnari; omnibus probari (also of statements): to meet with violent contradiction, acriter or graviter impugnari: to bear no contradiction, non pati sibi aliquem obloqui (of persons): to admit of no contradiction, nihil dubitationis habere: infirmari non posse; certum, evidentem esse (opposed to dubium esse, of things; e.g. evidence, etc.): (B) as state, discrepancy, inconsistency: repugnantia: pugna: discrepantia (discrepancy; e.g., scripti et voluntatis): diversitas (great diversity between things, as Tacitus, Germ., 15, 3: mira diversitas naturæ): to stand in contradiction to anything, alicui rei repugnare or adversari; cum aliqua re pugnare or discrepare; abhorrere ab aliqua re (e.g., a vita hominum et a moribus):to stand in contradiction to each other, inter se pugnare, or repugnare, or discrepare, or dissidere. [Vid. ” to be at variance with,” under VARIANCE.] There is a contradiction between these statements, hæc inter se repugnant, non cohærent. A monster made up of contradictions, monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturæ studiis conflatum (Cicero, Cæl, 5, extr.)
CONTRADICTIOUS, cui mos est, adversari semper omnibus (Cicero). CONTRADICTOR, obloquens [oblocutor, only Plautus, Mil., 3, 1, 48]: contra dicens [contradictor only in forensic Latin].
CONTRADICTORILY, repugnanter (Cicero; but opposed to to patienter): contrarie: diverse.
CONTRADICTORY, contrarius: pugnans, repugnans (of things): diversus (quite different): disparatus (in logic, vid. Cicero, De Invent., 1, 28, 42): obloquens (of persons contradicting). Contradictory things, etc., quæ inter se pugnant, repugnant, sunt contraria (Cicero): contradictory assertions, statements, etc., *verba, quæ inter se repugnant or non cohærent. Contradictory laws, leges contrariæ (Quintilianus): to be contradictory, inter se pugnare or repugnare: in maxima inconstantia versari (of opinions, Cicero, N. D., 1, 16, 42). To issue contradictory decrees, contrarium decernere atque (paullo ante)decreverat. Vid. CONTRARY.
CONTRADISTINCTION, circumlocution by quod alicujus rei contrarium est; quod a aliqua re toto genere disjungo, or disjunctum esse volo; or aliud enim [hoc]:aliud [illud] esse volo: Virtues in contradistinction to vices, vitia, quæ sunt virtutum contraria (Cicero): the refinement of those who reside in towns, in contradistinction to the rudeness of those who live in the country, urbanitas, cui contraria est rusticitas [Cicero uses the genitive after contrarius]. National law in contradistinction to civil law (jus gentium), aliud enim jus gentium, aliud jus civile esse volo. What is right in contradistinction to what is expedient, honesta, quæ a commodis non nomine, sed genere toto disjungo or disjungenda sunt (cf. Cicero, De Nat. 1, 7, 16). CONTRADISTINGUISH, non nomine, sed genere toto disjungere (aliquid ab aliqua re, Cicero, De Nat., I, 7, 16): quod alicujus rei contrarium esse volo. Vid. CONTRADISTINCTION.
CONTRARIETY, repugnantia: pugna: discrepantia (want of agreement, inconsistency; e.g., scripti et voluntatis): (mira)diversitas [Cf., contrarietas late. Macrobius, Somn., Scip., 2, 14, Sid.].
CONTRARILY, contrarily to, contra (e.g., to the law, legem): contrarie: in contrarias partes (in opposite directions):”to be carried so contrarily” (Locke), distrahi in contrarias partes (Cicero); contra ea (on the other hand. Not Cicero, but Cæsar). CONTRARIWISE, ex or e contrario [not vice versa]. Vid. ” on the CONTRARY.”
CONTRARY, contrarius: adversus (properly, opposed to to one who is looking at it; then improperly, in rhetoric, of notions opposed to each other in the same species; as, sapientia and stultitia, Cicero, Top., 11, 47; but also for contrarius, generally; vid. Cicero, Or., 19, 56 [compared with 39, 135], and Gellius, 16, 8): oppositus (placed opposite; opposed to; of the action; but not in the sense of “contrary,” “the opposite.” Cf., contraria cum Cicerone appello, quæ barbari opposita, Muretus. On the meaning of oppositum and antithesis, vid. OPPOSITE, s.): diversus (the diversa will have nothing in common, and go different or even opposite ways from each other; whereas the contraria confront and stand directly opposite to each other; hence diversa aut etiam contraria, Döderlein’s Synonyms): Sometimes alienus (ab)aliqua, re (inconsistent with): disparatus (contradictory; vid. Cicero, Invent., 1, 28, 42). Contrary to each other, contrarii inter se. To be of a contrary opinion, dissentire, dissidere a aliquo or inter se: even here some are of a contrary opinion, id ipsum nonnullis secus videtur. On this subject, authors are of contrary opinions, discrepat inter scriptores, or (if they are not merely writers, but the great supporters of an opinion) inter auctores. OBS. “To be contrary to anything,” is mostly contra aliquid
esse (e.g., contra naturam, contra officium esse, to be contrary to nature, to duty). A contrary wind, ventus adversus: to have the wind contrary, vento adverso navigare; ventus (naviganti)alicui adversum tenet: to have contrary winds, ventis adversis uti. Every virtue has its contrary vice, omni virtuti vitium contrario nomine opponitur (Cicero). In a contrary direction, in contrarias partes (e.g., fluere, to flow back, of streams, Cicero, Div., 1, 35); contrarie (e.g., procedere, of the stars, Cicero). Cf., Contrarius is often followed by ac [Pr., Introd. ii., 183, 206]: to move in a contrary direction to that of the heavens, versari contrario motu atque cœlum. || Used as virtually an adverb [from being referred to the subject, or to the whole affirmation]. Mostly by præter. Contrary to the laws of God and man, præter jus fasque: contrary to anybody’s wish, præter alicujus voluntatem: contrary to expectation, præter opinionem: contrary to one’s hopes, præter spem: secus ac speraveram [on contra, vid. next Obs.]: contrary to my wishes, præter optatum meum (e.g., accidit aliquid): [ Cf., contra with spem, exspectationem, consuetudinem is rare, for præter (Krebs); it is, however, quite classical: contra opinionem, Cæsar, Sallustius; exspectationem, Hirtius; spem, Sallustius Livius.] To act contrary to, negligere aliquid (e.g., legem, consuetudinem);migrare aliquid (e.g., jus civile)to a precept, directions, etc., extra præscriptum egredi: to one’s promise, fidem non servare: ridem frangere. Contra is often used with atque or quam and a verb: contrary to his expectations, contra atque ratus erat: contrary to the opinion he had himself delivered, contra quam ipse censuerat [Hand rejects Herzog’s distinction, that contra ac compares, contra quam heightens and excludes]: contrary to what is the custom with us, contra atque apud nos.
CONTRARY, used as substantive: contrarium: pars contraria. contraria, plural, [Cf., diversum, in this sense, belongs to the age of Tacitus. On oppositum and antithesis, vid. “The OPPOSITE”]: my views are the very contrary of these, mini contra videtur (Sallustius, Jug., 85, 1; but Kritz has contra ea). Cf., (1)” The contrary” is mostly translated by the adjective contrarius, in concord; sometimes in the neuter; e.g., hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas; fidentiæ contrarium est diffidentia: both Cicero. (2)” The contrary to what,” etc. is contrarium ac or atque: e.g., to decree the very contrary of what he had decreed a little before, contrarium decernere, atque paullo ante decreverat, Cicero.To do the very contrary of what, etc., contra facere ac (atque) (166) or quam. Cf., As opposed to an adjective, it must be translated by contra: whether he is happy, or the contrary, utrum felix sit, an contra: somethings seem probable, others the contrary, aliæ res probabiles videntur, aliæ contra. || On the contrary, ex contrario: e contrario [Cf., Görenz and Bremi say, that contrario has no authority; that ex contrario is used by Cicero; e contrario by Nepos and Quintilianus,; but e contrario is found Cicero, De Fin., 2, 12, 36; ad Herenn. 1, 10, 17; 2, 11, 16. Hand thinks that ex contrario = ex altera parte contraria; e contrario = contra, vol. ii. 631]: contra (on the other hand; on the contrary): contra ea (Cæsar, Livius, and especially Nepos who very seldom uses contra alone: Freund.)Cf., In many cases, where the antithesis need not be so strongly marked, it is enough to use at, attamen, autem. Far from – on the contrary, tantum abest, ut – ut, or (Livius) ut contra: whereas on the contrary, quod contra; as – so on the contrary, ut – sic contra: ut – sic ex contrario (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 30): for on the contrary, nam contra: but on the contrary, atqui contra; sed contra; at contra; or contraque after a negative (e.g., non enim tua ulla culpa – contraque summa laus, quod, etc., Cicero): not only not – but on the contrary, non modo non – sed contra: not that – but on the contrary, non quo – sed contra (e.g., non quo acui – ingenia adolescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui, Cicero): and on the contrary, et contra, contraque, or on the contrary, vel contra: if on the contrary, si ex contrario (Cicero). Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com|On the contrary (in answers of dissent), imo: imo vero, imo enim vero: imo potius.