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COMBINE, jungere: conjungere (general terms for to join together: conjungere, especially for any purpose): with anything, alicui rei or (cum) aliqua re: with anybody, cum aliquo: congregare (to unite two or several persons into a flock, as it were: with anybody, cum aliquo):
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copulare (combine firmly, or to cause two or several objects to be firmly combined; e.g., by means of a tie, a rope, etc.: figuratively, with anybody or anything, cum aliqua re or aliquo): miscere alicui rei or cum aliqua re (by mixing): adjungere ad aliquid (by adding to anything): devincire (to combine indissolubly, figuratively): comparare (to combine several things in the same proportion to constitute one couple): conglutinare (by gluing together): colligare (by tying): to be well combined, præclare inter se cohærere: with anything, cohærere cum aliqua re or alicui rei: to be combined by anything, contineri aliqua re; rem continet aliquid: uno vinculo copulare (combine by the same tie; vid. Livius, 28, 12, 14):to combine by pouring together; e.g., in unum or unum corpus confundere (of two nations), figuratively [vid., also, To MIX]:to combine men for social life, dissipatos homines ad or in societatem vitæ convo care: connectere cum aliqua re (by a knot, figuratively; e.g., orientem et occidentem: to combine friendship with pleasure, amicitiam cum voluptate); committere alicui rei (e.g., lacum mari): the town with the continent, urbem continenti: things that are combined with each other, res inter so junctæ or colligatæ.|| Of military forces, jungere cupias: arma conjungere: vires conferre: (of a nation) in unius populi corpus coalescere: to combine one’s forces with those of anybody (e.g., of a general), se conjungere cum copiis alicujus (general term): arma consociare cum aliquo (as ally): signa conferre ad aliquem (especially in battle). || To associate one’s self with, se jungere or conjungere cum aliquo: societatem ilnire, or coire, or facere cum aliquo: to be combined with anybody, societatem habere cum aliquo: combine by wedlock, matrimonio alicui jungi; aliquem secum conjungere: to combine against anybody; vid. CONSPIRE.
COMBING-CLOTH, [Kraft gives *pallium pulverem crinalem (i.e., powder) a vestitu coercens, not a very happy circumlocution].
COMBUSTIBILITY, *facilitas cxardescendi.
COMBUSTIBLE, facilis ad exardescendum: igni concipiendo aptus or idonens: combustible matter, materia facilis ad exardescendum (that easily takes fire): alimenta ignis (with which fire is kept up): res, quibus ignis excitari potest (general term for what is fit to kindle fire with): res, quæ sunt ad incendia (with which one puts fire to anything): *phlogiston (the matter which was once supposed to be in all combustible bodies): that coutains combustible matter. quod ignis or flamma consumit.
COMBUSTION, || burning, (α) exustio: crematio (to ashes): adustio (singeing, scorching): ustio (of a wound): (β) intr., deflagratio: conflagratio: incendium.|| Tumult, tumultus (excited by slaves, peasants, or allies): motus (general term for disturbances in the state). Vid. COMMOTION.
COME, of persons, venire: I am come, vuni, adsum: pervenire (properly and figuratively): advenire: accedere (approaclh): to come on foot, pedes venio or advenio: on horseback, equo vehor or advehor: in a carriage, etc., curru, or navi vehor, or advehor: to cause anybody to come, aliquem arcessere, accire; aliquem excire, evocare (the latter on the part of a magistrate; vid. Bremi, Nep. Con., 5, 3): to one, aliquem ad se arcessere; aliquem ad se vocare: aliquem ad se venire jubere (of a thing; e.g., aliquid arcessere vectura) [vid. To SEND FOR]: to come (such or such) a way, aliqua via proficisci: to come frequently to a place, ad or in locum ventitare; locum frequentare or celebrare: to come often to anybody, crebro ad aliquem venire; aliquem frequentare: to come unexpectedly, supervenire or intervenire alicui; opprimere aliquem (to come upon. fall upon and destroy): come here, huc veni; huc ades: come to me, propius me huc accede: when they came to speak of the money, ubi ad pecuniæ mentionem ventum est: it was by mere accident that I came to speak of them, non consulto, sed casu in corum mentionem incidi: how comes it that you answer in this manner? quid tibi in mentem venit ita respondere? || IMPR., of things, venire (of letters, goods, etc.): ferri, adferri, perferri (to be brought): to come suddenly, ingruere (of disease and calamities): to come imperceptibly, obrepere (of time, old age, etc.): to see anything coming, aliquid præsagire (e.g., alicujus rei eventum): anything does not come to the right person, in alienum iucidere: it comes to (a fight, lawsuit, etc.), res venit ad aliquid (e.g., ad arma atque pugnam, ad inimicitias, in contentionem): venitur ad aliquid (e.g., ad causam dicendam), or in aliquid (e.g., in jus, to a lawsuit): how cames it that . . . ? qui factum est, ut, etc.? unde fit, ut, etc.? hence it comes that, etc., ita fit, ut. etc.; inde or ex aliquo evenit, ut, etc.; hæc causa est, cur or quod. etc.; hinc est, quod, etc.; hinc fit, ut, etc.; hoc est, quare, etc.; ex quo fit, ut, etc.: and thus it came that, etc., quo factum est, ut, etc.; also (at the beginning of a sentence) by itaque [vid. commentators, Nepos, Arist., 1, 1): they returned whence they came, reversi sunt, unde profecti erant: when he was asked whence (or from what country) he came, quum interrogaretur, cujatem se esse diceret: where do you come from? unde venis ? I don’t know how it comes, fit nescio quomodo: it has come to this, or to such a pass, etc., that., etc., res eo deducta est or rem eo adduximus, ut, etc.
Cf. Many combinations of “to come,” with nouns, have been left out here, and are to be looked for under the respective articles; e.g., “to come into contact” [vid. CONTACT, est., est.]. To come first, antevenire aliquem or aliquid: he came last, ultimus or postremus venit: to come quickly, advolare: adventare: to anybody’s assistance, propere subvenire: undique convolare (of a multitude flying from all parts): to come between, intervenire (unexpectedly): supervenire (of persons and things; e.g., of the night; vid. Livius, 23, 18, both with dative): to come in proper time, in good time, etc. [vid. TIME]: to be coming and going, commeare ad aliquem (to anybody), in locum (of place; vid. Ruhnken, Ter. Heaut., 3, 1, 35; poetical only, meare). || To happen (came to pass), cedere: accidero (accidentally, mostly of unfortunate events; accidere sometimes with the addition of casu): contingere (especially of happy events): evenire (denoting the effect of a certain cause): usu venire (of facts which take place, and which one witnesses one’s self; not usu evenire; vid. Gernhard, Cicero, Cat. Maj., 3, 7; Bremi, Nap. Hannib., 12, 3). || To become, fieri; evadere [vid. BECOME]. || (α) To COME ABOUT (= happen, fall out), evenire, fieri, etc.:how comes it that …? qui fit or factum est, ut, &c. || To COME AGAIN, reverti: to come again to any place, aliquo reverti or redire; aliquem locum repetere (return where one used to be): remigrare (to a place where one lived before; e.g., Romam) [ vid.,also, RETURN]. || To COME AFTER, postvenire (of persons): postea accidere (of things): to come immediately after, insequi: subsequi: to come after anybody or anything (with reference to order, rank, dignity, or time), succedere alicui and alicui rei:to come immediately after anybody or anything, excipere aliquem and aliquid (seldom without accusative, as in Cæsar, B. G., 2, 7; vid. Held): one misfortune comes after another, *malum excipit malum [vid., also, To FOLLOW]. || To COME ALONG, procedere: progredi: ire: una ire: aliquem sequi (with anybody): come along! move te ocius (comic)! || To COME ASUNDER, discedere (general term of things): dilabi (imperceptibly): fatiscere (by getting cracks): dehiscere (to gape open). || To COME AT (or BY = obtain, vid.), compotem fieri alicujus rei: potiri aliqua re: adipisci (what one desired): assequi: consequi (for which one has been striving): nancisci (by accidcnt): impetrare (to gain by entreaties), obtinere (obtain): auferre (carry off as the result of victory, properly or figuratively): easy to come at (= attainable), impetrabilis. || To COME AWAY, abire (general term) a or ex (very seldom with only ablative of place): abscedere a or ex: decedere aliquo loco, de or ex aliquo loco (to leave): discedere ab aliquo, loco, a or e loco (come away from): divertere ab aliquo (from anybody): to come away secretly, furtim degredi: clam se subducere [vid., also, under To GO]. || To COME BACK, redire (to be on the way back or home): reverti (to turn back): reducem esse (of a happy return from a distant country, captivity, etc.): recurrere (hastily): revolare (still stronger, to fly back): to order anybody to come back, aliquem revocare: aliquem repetere (urgently). || To COME BY [vid. above, To COME AT]. || To COME BEFORE, prævenire: to come before (i.e., appear before; e.g., the court or judge), in judicium venire (of persons): rem ad judicem deferre (of things). || To COME DOWN, devenire: descendere: corruere (fall dawn, of houses, etc.): delabi (glide down): defluere (of rain): degredi: to come down to anybody’s terms, ad conditionem descendere, accedere. FIG., “to come down to,” (i.e.) to be handed dawn to; e.g., hæc in tempora or usque ad nostra tempora durare: ad nostram memoriam manere (of written and other monuments, etc., in which sense ætatem ferre: pervenire ad nos or nostram ætatem are without ancient authority):tradi ab antiquis usque ad nostram ætatem (of a custom, manners, etc.). || To COME FORTH, provenire (also figuratively,
to grow), evadere ex, etc., emergere ex, etc., (e. g. ex terra, also exire supra terram). enasci (figuratively of plants):erumpere: prorumpere (suddenly), also with subito:in publicum prodire (appear in public), in lucem proferri, protrahi: detegi: patefieri (of things brought to light, etc. Vid. also APPEAR]. || To COME FORWARD, (α) PROPR., procedere (general term):prodire: apparere: exsistere (especially of distinguished men, Vid. Cicero, Roscius, Am., 2, 5; Arch. 7, 15; Ochs. Cicero, Ecl. p. 131): openly, procedere in solem ex umbraculis: os suum populo ostendere:(β) = advance, progredi: proficere: progressus facere (improperly, to make progress), procedere (advance).|| To COME IN, (α) to enter, intro venire:se inferre: intro ire: inire: come in with me! sequere intro me! come in! intro veni or venite! to come in hastily, *intro venire propere:*intro se proripere: introgredi: the vessel is come in, navis appulsa est (not appulit): to have (or be) come in, adesse: nancisci locum: the post comes in, *cursor publicus venit: no one is allowed to come in, nemini aditus patet: not to allow anybody to come in, aliquem introitu prohibere:alicui introitum præcludere: aliquem janua prohibere: aliquem aditu januæ arcere: aliquem excludere: to come in anybody’s way (as an impediment), obstare: impedimento esse alicui:obsistere alicui in via: (β) to comply, obsequi: concedere [Vid. also, To YIELD].(γ) = to be gained in abundance, contingere (of good things):suppetere. || To COME INTO, intrare (limen). ingredi: introire:inire (locum): incidere in aliquid (accidentally): delabi in aliquid (imperceptibly or gradually), adduci in aliquid (e.g., danger, etc.): to come into port, in portum venire or pervenire (of ships or persons):portum capere (with difficulty): Tears come into anybody’s eyes, lacrimæ alicui or alicujus oculis obortæ sunt: to come into anybody’s hands, power, etc.,in alicujus manus or potestatem devenire: incurrere in aliquid (e.g., troubles, especially by one’s own fault): decidere in aliquid (e.g., in angustias rei familiaris): to come into fashion, alicujus rei mos recipitur: aliquid in mores recipitur: aliquid usu recipitur:to come into use, in usum venire, in consuetudinem or morem venire, more recipi; ab omnibus recipi (into general use): inveterascere (gradually): to come into danger, in periculum or in discrimen venire, incidere; periculum subire (of things): to come into the world, in vitam edi; in lucem edi et suscipi; nasci (to be born): to come first into the world (of twins), primum provenire. || To COME IN FOR (a share of anything), participem esse alicujus rei (in general): venire in partem alicujus rei:habere partem in re (the share considered as property): || To COME NEAR, (α) PROPR., prope accedere: appropinquare: to come near anybody or anything, (propius) accedere ad with accusative: to come near (of time), prope adesse: subesse. appetere: the time comes near, when etc., prope adest quum etc.: prope ad octogesimum annum pervenisse.(β) resemble, prope accedere ad aliquid; accedere ad similitudinem alicujus rei: anything does not at all come near such or such a thing, nullo modo comparari posse cum re: || To COME NEXT, [Vid. above To COME AFTER, or To FOLLOW].|| To COME OF, (a) = to be born of, or descended from, ortum, oriundum esse ab aliquo: originem trahere ab aliquo: originem ducere ab or ex aliquo: genus ducere ab aliquo:ad aliquem originem sui referre: to come of a good family,honesto genere (natum esse); honesto loco (ortum esse).to come of an humble family, humili or obscuro or ignobili loco (natum esse). (b) = to be the consequence of, fieri or factum est ex aliqua re: This comes of having too little to do, hoc fit (or factum est) ex nimio otio: Sometimes by hunc fructum capere or percipere ex aliqua re, or alicujus rei, or (the consequence being bad) aliquid hoc fert incommodum. || To COME OFF, (a) deviate, deflectere: degredi:aberrare: discedere ab aliqua re: elabi: evadere: to come off the right way, de via decedere (improprely): (b) escape (to find one’s self at the end of an affair): to come off without harm, pulchre discedere (comedy): to come off without much harm, ambustum evadere: semiustum effugere (Livius, 22, 35 and 42): to come off with slight punishment, levi defungi pœna (Livius, 29, 21): nihil mali nancisci (without any harm, Terentius, Phorm., 3, 3, 10): he shall not come off in this manner, inultum id numquam a me auferet: haud sic auferet (comedy): to come off unpunished, impune abire; sine pœna demitti: to come off conqueror, victoriam consequi or adipisci: victoriam reportare: to come off with flying colours, superiorem or victorem discedere: superare (also with regard to opinion, etc., as Cæsar, B. G. 5, 31): (c) to fall off, cadere: decidere (general term).delabi (by gliding), (d) to separate itself from, the bark comes off the tree, cortex ab arbore recedit.to come off (of hair), defluere. || To COME ON, (a) in space (of persons), succedere aliquid or ad or sub aliquid (gradually).accedere ad aliquid (general term to come on), appropinquare ad aliquid or alicui rei adventare (of the approach of a hostile army). progredi: progressus facere (make progress), [vid. “To COME FORWARD”] (b) thrive, grow, crescere. provenire (of plants and animals). || To COME OVER,transire (e.g., to a person’s side or party, in alicujus partes transire): transgredi; locum transcendere or superare (to come over a place; e.g., over a mountain): a cold shudder came over me, horror ingens me perstrinxit. || To COME OUT, exire (to step out), egredi: progredi (of persons only), to cause anybody to come out, aliquem evocare (foras): to come out (of publications), edi (in lucem) emitti: foras dari: *prelum reliquisse (of printed works), to come out (of secrets, etc.), exire in turbam or in vulgus; emanare (in vulgus); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) exire atque in vulgus emanare; efferri (foras, in vulgus); effluere et ad aures hominum permanare: to come out (of teeth), cadere: excidere: decidere (fall out): evelli, extrahi, eximi, excipi (to be pulled out), to come (= to get) out of a danger, out of the water, etc., (se) emergere: evadere ex etc.: to come out with anything, aliquid excidit ex ore (of words, etc.). || To COME ROUND, circumagi, etc., (a) to become better, in melius mutari: meliore loco esse cœpisse, etc.: times will come round, *lætiora tempora hanc iniquitatem rerum excipient: (b) || To change gradually, to come round to a person’s opinion, ad alicujus sententiam adduci, perduci, traduci. || To COME SHORT, deficere: I come short of anything, careo aliqua re: deficit mihi aliquid; deficit me aliquid (to be wanting), [vid., also To FAIL and To LOSE]. || To COME TO, (a) PROPR., pervenire aliquo (to a place), aliquem convenire (to a person): it (or the matter) has come to this, res eo processit, deducta est; eo ventum est (ut etc.): matters have come to a crisis, ad extrema perventum est; res est ad extremum deducta casum: to have come to a (full) persuasion, persuasissimum habere, plenum persuasionis esse, to come to the conclusion, concludere: hence one may come to the conclusion, ex quo effici cogique potest: have I not come to a right conclusion? satisne hoc conclusum est? to come to anybody’s knowledge or ears, palam fieri, a aliquo audiri ad alicujus aures pervenire. to come TO, [vid., to come ROUND. (b) amount to, efficere; also esse, what does it come to? quæ summa est? quantum est? it comes to a large sum, longam summam efficere: the gold which came to one Attic talent, aurum, quod summam Attici talenti explebat: it comes (amounts) to something, alicujus momenti esse: [vid., AMOUNT, COST]: (c) to come to pass, [vid., To HAPPEN]. (d) to come to one’s self, or to one’s senses, sui or mentis compotem esse: ad sanitatem redire or reverti (vid. To Herzog: Cæsar, B. G., 1, 42): ad se redire: se colligere: animum recipere: he comes to himself, animus redit. to come to an end, finem capere or habere, exitum habere; exstingui: interire: occidere (to die), the matter is not yet come to an end, res nondum finem invenit: to come to (a certain state or condition), ad aliquid pervenire, etc.): to come to a very great age, ad summam senectutem pervenire: I don’t know what it will come to, quorsum id evadat, nescio: Is it come to this, that etc.? adeone res rediit, ut etc. ? to come to the throne, summa rerum or regnum ac diadema defertur alicui or ad aliquem:imperium transit ad aliquem: to come to anything, ad aliquid pervenire e.g., to one’s property, one’s money, to dignities, etc., ad suum, ad nummos, ad honores: anybody comes to such or such property, etc., aliquid transit or pervenit: to come to the wrong person, in alienum incidere (e.g., of letters): to come to life, nasci; in lucem edi: reviviscere et recreari (to revive, to resume new vital strength): to come to light, in lucem proferri: protrahi: detegi: patefieri: not to come to light, lucem non aspicere: publico carere: to come to the knowledge of, aliquid cognoscere or deprehendere ad aliquid pervenire: It comes to nothing, nihil esse, nihil posse, pro nihilo esse, id (aliquid) nihil est (e.g., quod de pecunia sperem, nihil est, Terentius, Heauton Timorumenos, 4, 2, 4, as to the money, it comes to nothing): the matter comes to nothing, in aliqua re nihil est: de hac re nihil est. to come to hand, aliquid in manum accipere; in alicujus manus venire; in alicujus manus incidere (to come or fall into anybody’s hands). to come to one’s ears, e.g., ad alicujus aures pervenire or permanare; ad aliquem perferri or deferri; exire in turbam or in vulgus; emanare (in vulgus); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) exire atque in vulgus emanare; efferre (foras, in vulgus) effluere et ad aures hominum permanare (to come to the ears of the public). it comes to anything, res venit ad aliquid (e.g., to a
fight, a battle, ad arma atque pugnam); or in quid (e.g., to a lawsuit, in contentionem); or venitur ad aliquid (e.g., ad causam dicendam or in aliquid, e.g., in jus): || To COME TOGETHER, convenire (general term): concurrere. in certamen venire cum aliquo: obviam fieri alicui (accidentally), [vid., also to ASSEMBLE] || To COME UP, [vid. “To COME FORTH” (b) to come up to (= equal), æquare: adæquari alicui rei or aliquid (with accusative if=to be equal), æquare aliquem: æquari or adæquari cum aliquo (to come up to anybody in beauty, talents, etc.), also non inferiorem esse aliquo: to come up to anything, adæquare (with accusative of the thing in which one equals anybody, and genitive: of the person whom one equals); also aliqua re se adæquare posse alicui: aliquem or aliquid aliqua re æquiparare (e.g., in physical strength, beauty, etc., vid., commentators on Nepos, Them: 6, 1): (c) to come up with (= overtake), in cursu nancisci aliquem; assequi; æquare: || To COME UPON, invadere (of persons and things); vim alicui inferre (of violence done, robbers, etc.). morbo corripi (of illness): [vid., also to SEIZE, To INVADE, To ATTACK]: to come upon anybody for payment, exigere; persequi pecuniam, etc. (if by legal means). || To COME (of future time), futurus (that is going or about to be). posterus (following with regard to time). (poetical) venturus. veniens: consequens (coming next, subsequent, of time): (the words are found in this connexion and order.) consequens ac posterus: generations to come, posteri (plural, opposed to majores). for the time to come, postero tempore. in posterum. posthae: in reliquum tempus (for the time that remains): things that are to come, futura, orum, n: res futuræ: to foresee, what is to come, quod futurum est scire, animo prospicere futura. quæ futura sunt prospicere or providere: in posterum prospicere: κυρικιμασαηικοto rejoice in the present moment, without thinking of what is to come, præsentibus frui nec in longius consultare.
COME, as adverb, of exhortation, age! age dum! age sis! age vero! In plural, agite ! agite dum!
COMEDIAN, artifex scenicus (general term):
Cf. comœdus, the singer of the canticum (recitativo, monologue) in comedy, opposed to tragœdus (in tragedy), actor comicus, or comicus only (κωμικός, κωμῳδός):
Cf. They all designate the actor in general who appears in comedy, not the person who acts the low comic parts, who, after Petron. 80, 9, can only be called qui partes ridendas agit: all the actors in a comedy, excalceati (opposed to cothurnati, tragedians, Seneca, Ep., 87) [vid., also, ACTOR]. || Writer of comedy, *poeta scenicus (general term): poeta comicus, or comicus only, especially comici, plural: like a comedian, *scenicorum more, comico more: scenicus (general term, e.g., complodere manus et pectus ferire scenicum est). || Comic actress, artifex scenica, or scenica only (in later times).
COMEDY, comœdia: fabula Atellana (sort of farce amongst the Romans): relating or belonging to comedy, comicus (κωμικός, opposed to tragicus): in a manner belonging to comedy, cornice:
Comic character (i.e., in comedy), partes ridendæ: [vid., also, PLAY]: To act a comedy; vid., To ACT.
COMELINESS, decentia: decorum: decor (external grace). venustas. pulchritudo: forma: species: dignitas: vid. BEAUTY, GRACE.
COMELY, decens (poetical only, and in Silver age). decorus [of speech and actions only): pulcher (general term). formosus: speciosus: venustus: [vid.: BEAUTIFUL, HANDSOME]: In a comely manner, decore: recte: ut decet: eleganter.
COMER, qui (quæ) venit: a new-comer (i.e., to a country), advena. alienigena (a stranger, foreigner, opposed to indigena). peregrinus (general term a stranger, opposed to civis). (the words are found in this connexion and order), peregrinus atque advena: novellus: novicius (new in any situation, e.g., novelli Aquileienses = coloni qui nuper Aquileiam deducti erant: novelli servi). COMET, cometes: sidus cometes: stella cometes (κωμήτης): or in pure Latin stella crinita (Suetonius, Cæsar 88).
Cf. One of the three first expressions is generally used, or stella crinita, quam Græci κωμήτην vocant, or quam cometam vocant (Cicero, N. D., 2, 5, 14: Plinius, 2, 25, 22, and even as late as Suetonius, Claud: 46, and Eutropius, 10, 8 [4]); hence it follows that stella crinita may be looked upon more as an attempt to translate κωμήτης, than as a genuine Latin expression: The comet remained above the horizon for four hours every night, stella cometes quum oriretur et occumberet, quatuor spatium horarum consumebat:the comet shone during seventy days, and with such splendour that the whole sky seemed to be on fire, stella cometes septuaginta diebus ita luxit, ut cœlum omne flagrare videretur.
COMFIT, condire (fruit, etc.): *saccharum incoquere alicui rei (after Plinius, 34, 17, 48): *saccharo condire. the comfiting of fruit, conditus; conditura (manner of comfiting (e.g., olivas conditui legere: Columella). COMFITURES, dulcia, plural, or dulciola: plural, dulciorum( Apuleius, Metamorphoses, iv., p. 115, 12): *merces cuppediarum (after Symmachus, Ep., 8, 19, where we find forum cuppediarum): bellaria.dulciola (both n. plural, the latter in later writers): mensa secunda (as constituting a course). OBS. Salgama are fruits preserved in a pickle; e.g., as olives now are (Columella)
COMFORT, || To console, consolari aliquem (of persons and personified objects; e.g., of hope, of a good conscience: consolari aliquem aliquid or de aliqua re: seldom aliquid aliqua re, as magnitudinem doloris brevitate consolatur: Cicero the simple solari is not found in prose of the Golden age):solatium alicui præbere or afferre (to comfort; i.e., yield or afford comfort of things): alicui solatio or solatium esse (to comfort; i.e., to be a comfort to anybody, of things): to go away or depart comforted, sequiore animo discedere: this comforts me, hoc est mihi solatio: to comfort one’s self, se consolari (on account of anything, de aliqua re):
Comfort yourself, or be comforted, ne te afflictes: es bono animo. || Enliven, refresh, aliquem reficere, recreare: animum alicui facere: animo aliquem implere: To be comforted, animo relaxari: animi remissionem quærere (by mental relaxations): to be mentally comforted by anything, aliqua re recreari (e.g., by a letter, literis): to comfort anybody with food, cibo juvare aliquem: by food and drink, cibo ac potione firmare aliquem: to comfort one’s body (or one’s self) with food and sleep, corpus curare (Curtius, 3, 8, 22); also se reficere: se recreare: (the words are found in this connexion and order), reficere et recreare: recreare et reficere: To be comforted by anything, aliqua re refici, or se reficere, or vires reficere (bodily, e.g., by food, etc.):
Comforting, recreans, reficiens: suavis, dulcis. || To gladden, vid.
COMFORT, consolatio (the action of comforting).medicina (the means by which anybody is comforted), poetical solamen: comfort in pain, solatium doloris: comfort in one’s sufferings, solatium malorum: to impart comfort to anybody, aliquem consolari; on account of anything, de aliqua re: to give anybody much comfort (of persons), multa or magna alicui solatia dare (Cicero): To afford comfort, solatium præbere or afferre; solatio or solatium esse: to admit of some comfort, afford some comfort, nonnullam consolationem or aliquid solatii (in se) habere (of things) to admit of comfort, or supply it from themselves): to afford no comfort, nihil habere consolationis this is my comfort, eo solatio utor: To utter words of comfort, solatia dicere (Ovidius): To seek comfort from one only source, omnia in unam consolationem conjicere (Cicero): This is the only comfort which supports me, hæc una consolatio me sustentat: to look for comfort in philosophy, medicinam petere a philosophia: to need no comfort, non egere medicina: voluptas (comfortable sensation). jucunditas: dulcedo (agreeableness). the comforts of life, commoda vita:commoditas vitæ: anybody feels a comfort, voluptas sensibus alicujus blanditur: Without comfort, vid. COMFORTLESS.
COMFORTABLE, || Consoling, consolatorius (e.g., literae): to be comfortable (i.e., in consoling), solatio esse: to be very comfortable, magno solatio esse: it is a very comfortable thing that, etc., magnum est solatium, with infinitive: to address comfortable words to anybody, aliquem or animum alicujus confirmare (verbis);afflictum alicujus animum confirmare: animum alicujus demissum et oppressum erigere. || Agreeable, gratus; jucundus (cheerful), suavis: dulcis (pleasant). a comfortable feeling or sensation, voluptas: I feel (or am)comfortable, bene mihi est (i.e., I am well off); hilaritate delector: hilare vivo (I am comfortable; i.e., cheerful and happy). a comfortable house, domicilium bonum: Vid., also, PLEASANT.
COMFORTABLY, grate: jucunde: suaviter: [SYN. in COMFORTABLE.] Vid. PLEASANTLY.
COMFORTER, consolator; or circumlocution with verbs under COMFORT: A Job’s comforter, qui malo solatio aliquem consolatur (after Cicero De Am., 104, nos malo solatio, sed non multo tamen, consolamur, quod etc.): THE COMFORTER, (= the Holy Spirit), Spiritus Sacer. Paracletus (Eccl.).
COMFORTLESS, || that admits of no comfort, spe destitutus (of persons); desperatus (of things): anybody is comfortless, alicujus dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest (cannot be comforted). || Destitute of all comfort, incommodus: admodum incommodus: injucundus.*omni vitæ commoditate destitutus.
COMIC, COMICAL, (relating to comedy), [vid. COMEDY]. || Ridiculous, amusing, ridiculus:ridendus (relating to a joke, as Petronius, 80, 9): a comical circumstance, res comica (Horatius, A. P., 89); res ridicula: a comical
expression, ridiculum dictum, ridiculum. jocosus (full of jokes): jocularis: jocularius (calculated to divert others): ridendus (which excites laughter): A comical fellow, homo ridiculus (who excites laughter).
Cf. Joculator in Cicero Att., 4, 16, 3, very unsafe text (vid. Orelli on that passage), and so better avoided, lepidus (pleasant, from good humour). facetus (witty). a comical fellow, lepidum caput (comedy). a comical narrator, facetus narrator.
COMICALLY, cornice, comico more, ridicule, lepide: facete: joculariter: SYN. in COMIC.
COMING, ventio (Plautus):reditio: reditus (return, the former as act, the latter as state):adventus (arrival): accessus (e.g., ad urbem, to the town, Cicero): The coming in of a ship, appulsus (with or without litoris): To expect anybody’s coming with eagerness, alicujus adventum non mediocriter captare. Sudden coming [vid. ARRIVAL]. The coming of a vessel into port, circumlocution with in portum venire or pervenire.
COMING, Vid. “To COME (of future things).”
COMING IN (of a ship), appulsus (with or without litoris). || Income, vid.
COMMA, comma, utis, n: (κόμμα), or pure Latin, incisum (as one clause of a period, Gramm.; new Latin, as mark of punctuation).
COMMAND, v., || to give a command, jubere (general term, order anything to be done, with the implied notion that the person who commands has, or assumes that he has, a right to do so; followed by infinitive active, with accusative if the person commanded is named; or by infinitive passive if the person is not named, nor plainly alluded to from the context: If the person, however, is virtually expressed from the context, the infinitive active is used. It is also, although less frequently, followed by ut, if it is used in the sense of imperare. jubere alicui is never found in the Golden age), imperare alicui aliquid or ut (to command in consequence of the power invested in anybody; seldom in the sense of jubere with following accusative and infinitive.): præcipere alicui aliquid or with ut (to command in consequence of one’s authority, prudence, experience, and superior talents): præscribere alicui aliquid or with ut (prescribe; both præcipere and præscribere, of superiors giving rules or directions for conduct to their inferiors): mandare alicui aliquid or with ut (to charge or commission, the manner of the execution being left to the person commissioned):pronunciare (to cause to be proclaimed by a herald, etc.): edicere: edictum proponere (with ut, of a magistrate, commanding publicly by a proclamation):sciscere: sciscere jubereque (with ut, to make a law, regulation, or act; the proper term to be applied to an act passed by the Roman “plebs”):decernere (to pass a resolution, that anything should be done, on the part of the Senate, consul): sancire: edicto sancire (to command or forbid under a penalty “that” etc., ut or ne). || To have a right to command, imperandi jus potestatemque habere; at any place, loco præesse: To command an army, exercitui præesse or præpositum esse; exercitum ducere: to command the other wing, alterum tenere cornu (Nepos):to command the fleet, navibus et classi præesse or præpositum esse: the cavalry, equitatui præesse: to command in a province, praeesse provinciæ (Sallustius), or in provincia (Cicero): to have a right to command anybody, imperium in aliquem or aliquem sub imperio habere; est mihi imperium in aliquem: imperitare alicui: alicujus esse imperatorem: imperio regere or imperio tenere aliquem, aliquid (to have the chief command of anybody or anything). dominari, dominationem habere in aliquem (command absolutely):præesse alicui or alicui rei (to preside): to command a town, urbem imperio regere: to be commanded by anybody, imperio alicujus teneri: teneri in alicujus ditione et potestate: not to allow one’s self to be commanded, imperium alicujus detrectare: To have no right to command, nullam potestatem, nullum imperium habere; nullum est alicujus in aliqua re arbitrium: to allow one’s self to be commanded by anybody, alicui or alicujus imperio parere, obtemperare: I will do what you command (= bid, wish), faciam quæ jubes or præcipis, ut dixisti or dicis; ut placuerit. || To be master of, imperare alicui rei: moderari alicui rei; e.g., to command one’s tongue, linguæ or orationi: one’s pain, grief, dolori imperare: dolorem in potestate tenere: to command one’s self, sibi imperare: animi potentem esse, animum suum comprimere, coërcere:one’s anger, iram reprimere: not to command one’s anger, ira teneri; impotentem esse iræ (stronger): we do not command our passions (desires), cupiditates dominationem in nos habent: the mind commands the body, animus regit corpus: not to command our ambition, ambitione teneri: to command one’s passions, cupiditatibus imperare: opposed to servire:cupiditates continere, comprimere, coërcere, frenare, domare ac frangere. || To overlook, so that it may be seen or annoyed: (a) in a military sense, superare locum: imminere alicui loco: the tower commanded the high ground where the spring was, turris superabat fastigium fontis (B. G. 8, 41): the tower commands the city, ex turri tela jaciuntur ad urbem (after Cæsar, B. G. 8, 4): the hill commanded the town, collis imminet urbi: (b) to give a view of, aliquem locum prospicere.The house commands an extensive view of the fields, domus longos agros prospicit (Horatius): the countryhouse commands the lake, villa lacum prospicit (Plinius). COMMAND, s., || Of a superior, jussus: jussum (command of anybody who has or pretends to have a right to do it): auctoritas (declaration of the will of a superior): imperium (command of a general, a prince): imperatum (the thing commanded by one who has an imperium): præceptum (precept, regulation): mandatum (commission, charge) edictum (edict, public proclamation): decretum (resolution of the Senate, a consul, in the form of a decree): plebiscitum (resolution of the Roman plebs, opposed to populi jussum, i.e., of the whole people; vid. Bremi, Nepos, Arist: 1, 4): rescriptum (command of a prince, post-Augustan): a written command literæ (e.g., Tiberius sent a written command to the army, Tiberius literas ad exercitum misit): a secret command, præceptum arcanum: at the command of anybody, jussu or aucioritate alicujus: jubente aliquo: also jussus a aliquo; sometimes also, a aliquo only (e.g., he did his duty towards the Athenians, at whose command he had gone out, Atheniensibus a quibus profectus erat, officia præstabat, Nepos, Milt: 2, 3, Dähne): without anybody’s command, injussu alicujus; ab aliquo non jussus: ultro (of one’s own accord, opposed to alicujus jussu or jussus); sua sponte (voluntarily): to act without special command, privato, non publico consilio aliquid facere:to give the command [vid. To COMMAND]: to execute a command, jussum or imperatum facere: mandata efficere, conficere, perficere, exsequi, persequi: in the exactest manner, mandata exhaurire.imperio alicujus defungi: to follow, obey a command; to act according to a command, alicujus præceptum observare, curare, alicujus dicto parere: audientem esse dicto or jussis alicujus: imperio alicujus obtemperare: without delay, quod aliquis imperavit, impigre facere: zealously, imperata enixe facere: negligently or lazily, somniculose imperia persequi: punctually, imperata obedienter facere: præceptum diligenter curare: to refuse obedience to anybody’s commands; or, not to obey his commands, imperium aspernari, contemnere: imperium, mandatum negligere: decreto non stare: to act against the command, contra edictum facere (it being a proclamation):to transgress the command, mandatum excedere, egredi. || The power (of commanding anybody), imperium (especially in the army): potestas (the command given or conferred on anybody, thus the legal command): under anybody’s command, quo duce: alicujus ductu: to have the command of an army, a fleet, etc., exercitui, navibus et classi præesse or præpositum esse: to have the command of the other (i.e., the left) wing of the army, alterum tenere cornu (Nepos, Pelop., 4, 3): to be under anybody’s command, alicujus imperio par (especially of soldiers): alicui parere. in potestate or sub imperio alicujus esse (to be under anybody’s guidance or power): to place one’s self under the command of anybody, se ad auctoritatem alicujus conferre:
Chief command, summa rerum:summum imperium: summa imperii, or imperium only [vid. also, CHIEF-COMMAND]
Cf. That imperium does not exclusively refer to military matters, vid., Theodor Banfei, in “John’s Jahrbücher,” 1832: vi: 3, p. 300): belli imperium: belli summa (of the general): summa imperii maritimi (of the admiral): to have the command of an army, summam imperii tenere, obtinere: summæ rei or rerum, summæ imperii præesse, præesse exercitui. ducere exercitum: to have the chief command of a fleet, navibus et classi præesse: toti officio maritimo præpositum cuncta administrare (if the whole administration of naval affairs belongs to the person): to give to anybody the chief command, summam rerum ad aliquem deferre: summam imperii alicui tradere: of an army, a fleet, aliquem exercitui or classi præficere: in a war, aliquem toti bello imperioque præficere: summam belli alicui deferre: summam imperii bellique administrandi alicui permittere: aliquem bello præponere: to be under the chief command of anybody, alicujus imperio parere (general term); sub aliquo militare (of soldiers): to serve under anybody’s command (during a war), aliquo or sub aliquo imperatere or sub signis alicujus mereri: to be sent anywhere with the command, aliquo cum imperio proficisci: to prolong anybody’s command, imperium prorogare (prolongare not Latin): to prolong the command for another year, imperium in annum propagare (hence to continue, e.g., the war, bellum): to take away the
command, adimere alicui imperium or abrogare alicujus imperium (Cicero): to lay down the command, imperium deponere: an extraordinary command, imperium extraordinarium (Cicero): to give anybody an extraordinary command, dare alicui imperium extraordinarium or extra ordinem: to hold the most important commands, cepisse et gerere maxima imperia. || The command (of one’s passions, etc.), continentia; temperantia (the moderation in them; comp: Cicero, De Invent., 2, 54, 164): to have a command (or no command) over one’s passions, desires, over one’s self, [vid. To COMMAND]. || Desire, wish, disposal, jussum. voluntas: what are your commands? quid vis? quid jubes?Tell me in a word, what are thy commands? quin tu uno verbo dic, quid est, quod me jubes? I am at your command, exspecto, quid velis: I am, in all things at your command, omnibus in rebus me fore in tua potestate, tibi confirmo (Cicero ad Div. 5, 4, 6, Cort.): my purse is at your command, mea arca utere non secus ac tua (Plinius, Ep: 3, 19, 8): my house is always at your command, semper tibi patent fores hæ: my home is always at your command, whether I may be in or not, tibi mea domus me præsente, absente patet: to submit entirely to anybody’s commands, se totum fingere ad arbitrium et nutum alicujus: to do anything at anybody’s command, ad nutum alicujus et voluntatem aliquid facere: to be at command (i.e., ready or at hand for use), promptus: money which is at command, pecunia præsens:to be at command, promptum or paratum esse: to be sufficiently at command, suppetere (of things, vid., Mœb., Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3): to have at command, providisse, paravisse: to keep at command, habere paratum, in expedito, in procinctu: to have money at one’s command, pecuniam in numerato or præ manu habere tears which anybody has at his command, lacrimæ confictæ doloris.
COMMANDED, circumlocution by words and examples in To COMMAND and COMMAND, s.
COMMANDER, præfectus alicujus and alicui: præpositus alicui. qui alicui præest or præpositus est (general term): dux (of an army or a division): dux summus: imperator (commander-in-chief): belli or exercitus dux, or from the context dux. ductor only (any commander in war; duct, however not in plain prose), bello præpositus: commander of the horse, magister equitum (the proper word in the Roman army): of the fleet, præfectus classis: to be commander-in-chief, [vid. “to have the chief command.” under COMMAND]: dux, præfectus classis (admiral): prætor (commander of troops, not Romans, especially of land-troops, στρατηγός, often used by Nepos, vid. commentators on Milt., 4, 4):præfectus equitum (general term, while magister equitum refers to the Roman horse only): to be commander of the horse, equitatui præesse: commander of the infantry, copiarum pedestrium dux: to be, copiis pedestribus, or simply copiis præesse: commander of the artillery, perhaps *præfectus rei tormentariæ summus:to be elected commander, chosen commander-in-chief, ducem deligi ad bellum gerendum: the valour of a commander, virtus imperatoria:talents for a future commander, indoles imperatoriæ virtutis (Justinianus, 2, 8, 15): the experience of a commander, rei militaris peritia.
COMMANDER (= a paving-ram), fistuca.
COMMEMORATE, || to make mention of, [vid. MENTION]. || To celebrate, agere: agitare (the proper word; e.g., an event, the anniversary of anything, one’s birth-day, etc.): celebrare (with pomp or demonstrations of joy, by one’s presence; e.g., a birlh-day, a wedding, less frequently of feasts): to commemorate a day, diem prosequi (vid. Nepos, Att., 4, extr.): to commemorate anything by a feast for three days, diem festum agere triduum or per triduum.
COMMEMORATION, celebratio (public celebration): but mostly by memoria (commemoratio is the act of recounting): Money coined in commemoration of anybody or anything, *nummus in memoriam alicujus or alicujus rei cusus: a speech in commemoration of anybody, *oratio in memoriam alicujus habita: laudatio(a panegyric, not elogium):a paper, essay, etc., in commemoration of anybody, *libellus in memoriam alicujus compositus: A statue raised in commemoration of anybody, cippus: to erect a statue in commemoration of anybody, laudis ut maneat memoria, statuam alicujus ponere.In commemoration memoriæ causa: in commemoration of, in memoriam alicujus (Suetonius, Dig.): to raise monuments in commemoration of anybody, memoriam nominis monumentis consecrare. COMMEMORATIVE, [vid. COMMEMORATION], quod alicujus rei memoriam revocat, renovat, redintegrat, repræsentat:quod memoriam nominis (alicujus) consecrat: a commemorative statue, statua, laudis ut maneat memoria, posita.
COMMENCE, v., INTR., || To take its commencement, incipere [vid. To BEGIN]: the combat commences, prœlium committitur: hostes acie concurrunt: the war commences, bellum suscipitur: daybreak commences, dies appetit:lucescit: dilucescit: illucescit: evening commences, advesperascit:night commences, nox appetit: TR., incipere: cœpisse.inchoare: ordiri: exordiri [SYN. in BEGIN]:to commence speaking, initium dicendi facere, sumere; exordior dicere: to commence after anybody, aliquem excipere: he commenced (his speech) thus, ingressus est sic loqui: Vid. BEGIN.
COMMENCEMENT,Vid. BEGINNING.
COMMEND, commendare. OBS., commendare answers exactly to the English word in all its meanings.(1) To recommend to protection, etc., or favorable notice, commendare aliquem or aliquid alicui: (2) To make an impression in favour of anything, (vox) quæ una maxime eloquentiam vel commendat vel sustinet (Cicero). (3)Deliver over to notice; e.g., commendare aliquid literis, commendare nomen tuum immortalitati.To commend anybody to another strongly, alicui aliquem de meliore nota commendare (Curtius, ap: Cicero Epp: 7, 29: the figure taken from the nota, by which the quality of wine was marked): to commend anybody very earnestly, etiam atque etiam or magnopere or valde commendare: aliquem intime commendare: very kindly, *peramanter commendare: To commend anybody very strongly by letter, ad aliquem de aliquo scribere diligentissime:to have anybody commended to one, commendatum sibi aliquem habere: to commend one’s self to anybody’s love and protection, se commendare alicujus amori et fidei: to endeavour to commend one’s self to anybody, quærere sibi apud aliquem commendationem: To commend one’s self, gratum esse; placere; probari (all of things) to commend one’s self by anything, se commendare aliqua re (of persons) commendari aliqua re (of things): to commend itself (with emphasis on the self; i.e., by its own good qualities), suapte natura gratum esse. (the words are found in this connexion and order.) commendare et committere.I commend this property of mine to your honour and safe-keeping, bona nostra hæc tibi permitto et tuæ mando fidei. demandare is ” to commit as a charge,” e.g., unius magistri curæ plures liberos demandare: For Commend = praise, vid. PRAISE.
COMMENDABLE, commendandus: commendatione dignus: commendabilis (Livius Columella): Vid. PRAISEWORTHY.
COMMENDATION, commendatio (in all the senses of the English word): suasio (act of commending, e.g., legis): That he may know my commendation was no ordinary one, ut sciat meam commendationem non vulgarem fuisse (Cicero): Anybody’s commendation is of very great use to me with anybody, maximo adjumento est mihi alicujus commendatio apud aliquem:Modesty is the best commendation of youth, prima commendatio proficiscitur alicui a modestia: to have received a strong commendation from anybody, magnopere or diligentissime commendari ab aliquo (to anybody: alicui): Vid. PRAISE. COMMENDATORY, commendaticius (not commendatorius, which is late, Sidon.):
Commendatory letters, commendaticiae literæ or tabellæ: To give anybody commendatory letters to anybody, *aliquem commendare alicui per literas: A commendatory speech, oratio commendaticia (after Cicero ad Div: 5, 5): suasio (if it advises the adoption of the thing commended; e.g., of a law): Vid. PANEGYRIC.
COMMENDER, commendator (Plinius): feminine, commendatrix (Cicero and Plinius):
COMMENSURABLE, COMMENSURATE, || reducible to a common measure, circumlocution with metiri, commetiri: These things are not commensurate, *harum rerum alteram cum altera commetiri non potes (after Cicero, de Inv: 1, 26: negotium cum tempore commetiri): || Adequate, par: conveniens, congruens: aliquid satis esse videtur.
COMMENT on or upon, || Annotate, interpretari aliquid: esse interpretem alicujus rei: explanare. enarrare, commentari (explain an author, poem, etc., the former verbally, the latter in writing: both Silver age): To comment on a book, commentari librum (Suetonius, Gram: 2): commentaria in librum componere (Gellius): ||To make observations on, to censure, notam ascribere alicui rei (affix a mark of censure: properly of the Roman Censor: only of written comments): invehi in aliquem: reprehendere et exagitare aliquid: notare aliquid: To comment severely on anybody, notare or notare ac vituperare aliquem: to comment playfully on anybody, notare aliquem joco (Suetonius): To comment unfavorably on every circumstance, omnia in deterius trahere.
COMMENT, s., || Annotation, annotatio (Post-Augustan): *scholion. explicatio: interpretatio: [vid. ANNOTATION, NOTE]. || Remark, censure, nota (a written remark, properly of the Roman censor): a severe comment, nota censoriæ severitatis. animadversio: To escape unpleasant comments, effugere animadversionem (e.g., neque enim effugere animadversionem possemus, si semper iisdem pedibus uteremur, Cicero):to make comments on anything, notare aliquid; reprehendere et exagitare aliquid: on anybody, notare ac vituperare aliquem: Vid. COMMENT, v. COMMENTARY, commentarius or commentarium, diminutive, commentariolum
(Plural, commentarii; very seldom commentaria. But obs. commentarium = liber, scriptum: not a “series of explanatory notes:” it was, however, used in this sense in Gellius’s time, who speaks of a grammarian’s commentaria in Vergilium, though the nature of that work is unknown): interpretatio: enotatio.To write a commentary on Vergilius, commentarium in Vergilium componere (Gellius).
COMMENTATOR, interpres: explanator (who explains): enarrator (who explains an author hermeneutically): calumniator (who makes malicious comments).
COMMERCE, mercatura (especially of the merchant): mercatio (commercial transaction, the buying and selling, Gellius, 3, 3): negotium, or plural, negotia (the business which anybody carries on, especially as corn-merchant and money-lender): commercium (commerce, commercial intercourse, Sallustius, Jug: 18, 6: Pliny 33, 1, 3; with anything, alicujus rei, Plinius, 12, 14, 30: then also = liberty of commerce): wholesale business, mercatura magna et copiosa: in retail, mercatura tenuis [Vid. TRADE]. The Roman merchants carry on a commerce with Gaul, mercatores Romani ad Gallos commeant (i.e., they visit Gaul with their merchandise, Cæsar, B.G., 1, 1). || Social intercourse, conversatio (Velleius, Quintilianus.): usus: consuetudo (of his service, etc.): convictus (in so far as one lives with anybody): Vid. INTERCOURSE.
COMMERCE, v. Vid. the above article.
COMMERCIAL, || Belonging to commerce, e. g. commercial agent, curator negotiorum publicus (after Sallustius, Jug., 71, 1): to be the commercial agent of a society, *rem alicujus societatis agere; negotia alicujus societatis procurare (Cicero, ad Div: 12, 24): commercial flag, insigne navium mercatoriarum: commercial spirit, mercandi studium or cupiditas (vid. Cicero, de Rep., 2, 4, 7): commercial law, *lex mercatoria; lex emendis aut vendendis rebus (Cicero, Verr., 1, 55,143): commercial town or place, forum rerum venalium: commercium (place where commerce, especially barter, is carried on): emporium (the place near the harbour, where commercial was carried on): oppidum, (ubi est) forum rerum venalium (a town where commercial is carried on, vid. Sallustius, Jug., 71, in.): forum, oppidum nundinarium (a place where weekly markets are held): a flourishing commercial town, urbs emporio florentissima: the most frequented commercial town of the whole empire, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum.
COMMINATION, minatio: comminatio: denunciatio. minæ: SYN. in THREATENING.
COMMINATORY, minax: minitabundus (properly of persons): Adverb, minaciter.
COMMINGLE, miscere (to mix), permiscere (mix together thoroughly); with anything, aliquid cum aliqua re or aliquid alicui rei. admiscere alicui rei (to mix with; commonly in the passive voice, admisceri aliqua re, to become mixed with anything): confundere, with anything, cum aliqua re (properly, to pour together; hence figuratively, mingle; e.g., the true with the false, vera cum falsis).
COMMINUTE, conterere. friare (to crumble): pinsere (pound in order to reduce anything): contundere (crush, e.g., in a mortar, in pila).
COMMISERATE, || to have compassion, misereri, commisereri alicujus: miseret me alicujus: misericordia alicujus commotum or captum esse (to pity anybody): misericordia aliquem or aliquid prosequi, misericordiam alicui impertire: miserari, commiserari aliquid (to pity, and show the pity at the same time, vid. Bremi, Nepos, Ages., 5, 2): to pity anybody’s fate, misfortune, alicujus fortunam commiserari; casum alicujus miserari.
COMMISERATION, misericordia (pity): miseratio.commiseratio (demonstration of pity): Vid. COMPASSION.
COMMISSARIAT, duumviri, etc. (according to the number of members) rebus, quas belli usus poscunt, subministrandis (as a board) .
COMMISSARISHIP, *præfectura rei frumentariæ:*præfectura annonæ (at Rome).
COMMISSARY, curator (he that takes care of anybody’s business in general, e.g., agent of the Adriatic maritime company, curator corporis maris Hadriatici: Inser.):recuperator (judge to decide questions relating to property and pecuniary transactions, appointed by the prætor: to nominate such, dare recuperatores.) OBSERVE, not cognitor, nor inquisitor (Dict., and Schutz, Lex: Cicero, under the words). || Commissary (military), annonæ præfectus (at Rome, Livius, 4, 13):rei frumentariæ præfectus (in Hirtius, B. G., 8, 35: frumentarius = qui frumentum in oppidum importat): qui res, quas belli usus poscunt, subministrat.A board of commissaries, *duumviri (according to the number) rebus, quas belli usus poscunt, subministrandis.
COMMISSION, || appointment of an officer in the army, *prasfectura militum. || A trust or warrant, mandatum (commission or order to deliver any message; either verbally or by writing): negotium (commission to perform anything; instead of which provincia is sometimes used): to give a commission to anybody, alicui negotium dare or mandare; mandare alicui aliquid: to receive a commission mandatum datur mini a aliquo:to execute a commission mandatum exsequi, persequi, conficere, perficere, peragere: execute a commission in the most exact manner, exhaurire mandatum: in a careless manner, negligenter rem mandatam gerere. || Act of committing a crime, perhaps patratio: (Velleius, but of concluding a peace: commissio, e.g., piaculi, Arnobius, late: perpetratio, Tertullianus.) better by circumlocution patrare: perpetrare:facere: committere, etc. [vid. COMMIT]. A sin of commission, peccatum, quod in effectu est (opposed to “sin of omission,” delictum: though Döderlein does not confine delictum to this notion): To issue a commission of bankruptcy against anybody, *recuperatores dare, qui bona alicujus in gratiam creditorum vendant.To have received, or to hold a commission (in the army), perhaps ordines ducere: or præfectura ornari (after Cicero, Ep. ad Fam., 7, 5): A ship in commission perhaps *navis omnibus rebus ornata atque instructa: to put a ship in commission navem expedire atque instruere (vid. Hirtius, B. Alex., 25). || A body of persons intrusted with an inquest or the decision of a matter, recuperatores; arbitri: to appoint such a commission recuperatores (arbitros) dare: to reject the commission recuperatores rejicere:the decision of a commission judicium recuperatorium: To send to any place a commission of inquiry, mittere, qui præsentia spectent (Tacitus): to order a commission of inquiry to be sent, de re præsenti cognosci jubere. Vid. also, COMMITTEE.
COMMISSION, v.,mandata alicui dare: mandare alicui, ut; negotium dare alicui, ut (charge with the execution of anything): to be commissioned with anything, jussus sum facere aliquid: by anybody, mandatum habere a aliquo [vid. also, among COMMISSION, subst.]: alicui alicujus rei faciendæ licentiam dare or permittere (cf: Cicero, Verr., 3, 94, 220; Sallustius, Jug., 103, 2): liberum alicujus rei arbitrium alicui permittere (Livius, 32, 37; both = to authorize anybody, to perform anything: alicujus nomine, in anybody’s name: aliquo auctore, under anybody’s authority, e.g., to do anything, facere aliquid): deferre, demandare alicui aliquid (intrust anybody with the execution of anything, e.g., curam alicujus rei): κυρικιμασαηικοdelegare alicui aliquid (Golden Age, to commission anybody with anything that one ought to perform one’s self; in Silver Age, to commission, in a general sense; vid., Herzog, Hirt., B. G., 8, 22) .
COMMISSIONER, procurator (agent, etc., Cicero Att. 4, 16, extr.) negotiorum curator (Sallustius, Jug., 71, 2); or sequester, interpres, confector negotiorum (all in Cicero, Verr., 2, 44, 108): per quem agimus (our agent, Cicero, Verr., 3, 66, 155):
Commissioner in any matter, transactor et administer alicujus rei (Verr., 2, 28, 69).
Custom-house commissioners, portitores; exactores portorii; “duumviri (triumviri, etc. according to number) portoriis exigendis. qui portoria exigunt. telonarii (Codex Justinianus) .
Commissioners of taxes, qui vectigalia exigunt: *duumviri (triumviri, etc., according to number) vectigalibus exigendis.
Commissioners of bankruptcy, *recuperatores bonis alicujus in gratiam creditorum vendendis; or *recuperatores, qui bona alicujus in gratiam creditorum vendant: To be anybody’s commissioner alicujus rationes negotiaque procurare; negotia alicujus gerere.
COMMISSURE, commissura (= knot, tie): eoagmentum.coagmentatio (the joining of two bodies): junctura (by what they are joined, Plinius, 13, 15, 29).
COMMIT, || to intrust, committere (to leave it to a person, imposing on him a moral responsibility): permittere (to leave a thing quite to another): mandare. demandare (to commit to be kept or performed): deponere aliquid apud aliquem (to give anything to anybody to be kept safe): credere (e.g., occulta sua alicui credere):to commit (as it were,) one’s self to anybody’s protection, se permittere, committere, tradere in alicujus fidem: to commit to memory, mandare memoriæ aliquid. || To imprison, comprehendere (to arrest): in custodiam dare, in vincula conjicere (put into custody): ||To be guilty of: facere: committere:admittere: in se admittere (the latter implying more of moral guilt): suscipere in se: patrare: perpetrare.To commit a crime, admittere scelus, maleficium, dedecus, flagitium. flagitium committere (Cicero) facinus in se admittere (Cæsar); a foul crime, fœdum facinus in se consciscere (Livius): a theft, furtum facere:a murder, cædem facere (Cicero), edere, perpetrare (Livius): a fault or blunder, errare; in errore versari; errore capi or duci in errorem induci (not, errorem committere):ridiculous faults, *labi in joculares errores (Ruhnken): to commit a breach of faith, perfidiosum esse: fidem violare or
frangere: adultery, adulterium committere: what fault has he committed ? quid designavit? (comedy) OBSERVE, “To commit” is often best translated by agere with a suitable adverb: to commit a folly, stulte agere: to commit an act of imprudence, imprudenter, or temere et imprudenter agere.
COMMITMENT, comprehensio.
COMMITTEE, || Men elected for a given purpose:delecti. apocleti (in the Greek towns, chosen men who assembled to discuss state matters; the sub-committee, Livius, 35, 34, pure Latin, delecti, Livius, 38, 1, delecti Ætolorum). The ancients, however, generally express such a word by indicating at the same time the number of men who formed the committee, e.g., a committee in financial matters, triumviri mensarii (since it consisted of three): a committee for drawing up laws, decemviri legibus scribendis.
COMMIX, Vid. Commingle.
COMMIXTURE, permixtio (as action and thing): admixtio (as action): admixtum: res admixta (as thing).
COMMODIOUS, || fit and proper for the accomplishment of a purpose: commodus (proper; whatever has the proper measure, and from its nature is suited to the purpose): opportunus (convenient from situation: properly of place, then of time, age, etc.): aptus (suitable, as the effect of nature and art): idoneus (fit, whatever is commodious by its natural qualities); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) opportunus et idoneus; commodus et idoneus; habilis et aptus:very commodious, percommodus, peropportunus, peridoneus (for anything, alicui rei or ad aliquid). || Affording convenience or comfort, commodus: expeditus (without difficulty):bonus (well or conveniently arranged); a commodious house, domicilium bonum.
COMMODIOUSLY, opportune (conveniently for the purpose): idonee (properly): apte (in a manner to suit or to fit): recte (becomingly): commode; bene: to dwell commodiously, bene habitare.
COMMODITY, || What possesses the quality of ease, comfort: commoditas: commodum: opportunitas (convenience): || Profit, commodum: emolumentum (advantage, opposed to incommodum, detrimentum): lucrum, fructus (gain: opposed to damnum): quæstus (gain, which one seeks, profit): utilitas (general term for the use or serviceableness of anything): || Ware or merchandise, merx:
Commodities, merces.
COMMON, || That in which the persons spoken of participate alike: communis (in which all have or may have a share, opposed to proprius): publicus (that which belongs to or concerns the whole people or the state, opposed to privatus): A common fault, vitium commune: the common sense of mankind, communis sensus (i.e., moral perception, tact, etc.,: e.g., in the intercourse between man and man: it afterward came to have nearly the meaning of our “common sense;” e.g., sensum communem auferre, sound human understanding, Phædrus, 1, 7, 4.In this meaning, sensus alone was used: persona furore detenta sensum non habet, Ulpius, Dig, Nearly so omnes eripere alicui sensus, Catullus): To speak according to the common sentiment of men, ex communi hominum opinione dicere: The common weal or good, bonum publicum; salus communis or publica (the common welfare) res publica (the state in general): the common wealth, publica res or res publica: this is common to free nations, hoc commune est liberorum populorum: to have a common cause with anybody, in eadem cum aliquo causa, esse: to make common cause with anybody, causam suam or consilia sua conjungere cum aliquo: common interest, utilitatis communio: to have a common interest with anybody, utilitatis communione sociatum esse.OBS. Instead of “common to A and B,” the Romans often said “common to A with B.” Thus: these things are common to rich and poor, communia ista locupletibus sunt cum pauperibus; this is common to us and (or with) the brute creation,commune est nobis aliquid cum bestiis.IN COMMON, communiter; in promiscuo; promiscue; publice: to have every thing in common with anybody, omnia cum aliquo communiter possidere (Cicero): To have anything in common with anybody, est mihi aliquid commune cum aliquo: hæc mihi cum aliquo conjuncta et communia sunt (Cicero): They have every thing in common, omnium rerum est inter eos communitas: between friends let every thing, without exception, be in common, inter amicos sit omnium rerum sine ullà exceptione communitas (Cicero). || Common to the greater number of persons, to the multitude: communis (but without the accessary notion of meanness): || Ordinary, mean, low, popularis (usual among the people: hence, of inferior quality, etc., general term): vulgaris, pervulgaris (common to the multitude, to be found or met with every where; then, general term low, bad): vulgatus, pervulgatus, pervagatus: (the words are found in this connexion and order.) communis et pervagatus (spread every where known):usitatus (habitual, usual): quotidianus (met with every day): plebeius (belonging to the common people: uncivilized, low): A common saying, proverbium vulgare or contritum or sermone tritum; proverbium, quod in omnium ore est or versatur: common life, vita quotidiana: the language of common life, genus sermonis usitatum: eloquence borrows or derives its materials from common life, dicendi ratio in communi quodam usu versatur: A common beauty, forma vulgaris or quotidiana: common salt, sal popularis (Catullus): no common abilities, haud mediocre ingenium: A common soldier, miles gregarius (more, however, as term of contempt, since miles by itself, designates the common soldier, opposed to officer): The COMMONS; plebs (the common people, opposed to to patricii and equites): vulgus (of low extraction and profession, stands for every common and low multitude, e.g., of the people, soldiers, etc.): fæx populi (the scum of the people): a common man, homo vulgaris, unus e or de multis (one of the great multitude); homo de plebe: plebeius (a common citizen); homo infimo or sordido loco natus: homo sordidus. homo obscurus (of low, obscure birth); homo rudis (an uneducated person); homo inhonestus (a dishonest, vile person): a quite common person, homo ultimæ sortis (with respect to extraction); homo inhonestissimus (relative to character): A common prostitute, puella or mulier vulgaris; mulier, quæ domum omnium libidinibus patefecit; prostibulum: the son of a common prostitute, ex vulgato corpore genitus: to make one’s self common with anybody, se abjicere ad alicujus usum ac consuetudinem (cf. Cicero, Parad., 1, 3, 14; De Legg., 1, 9, 26): not to make one’s self common with anybody, alicujus aditum sermonemque defugere to raise one’s self, or to be, above the common level, plus sapere, quam ceteri: far above, etc., longe ab imperitorum intelligentia sensuque sejunctum esse: Not to be raised above the common level, in medio positum esse (Cicero): in intellect, mediocris esse ingenii (Cicero): to become common, increbrescere (of a custom, etc.): to introduce anything into common life, ad vitam communem adducere (of anything that was before confined to a higher sphere: e.g., philosophiam): || General, universus: generalis (relating to the whole): communis (common, relating or belonging to all): vulgaris, tritus (common or habitual): (the words are found in this connexion and order.) vulgaris communisque (relating to the general use of a thing): In some instances “common” in this signification is expressed by omnis: this is the common talk, hic sermo omnibus est in ore:This is a common fault of singers, omnibus hoc vitium est cantoribus (Hortius): A common term, *notio communis (which is common to more than one thing): common law, jus civile (vid. Cicero, Cæcin: 26, 73): the common weal or welfare, res publica, salus: to consult the common good, in commune conferre, consulere or consultare.
COMMON COUNCIL, senatus civitatis (Plinius):*senatus municipalis: A member of the common council, *senator municipalis: decurio (according to Roman customs).
COMMON CRIER, pronunciator. præco (herald, also at auctions).
COMMON GOOD, res publica: salus: to consult for the common good, in commune conferre, consulere, or consultare.
COMMON HALL, curia.
COMMON LAW, jus consuetudinis (Cicero, De Invent., 2, 22, 67).
COMMON-PLACE, (= an ordinary topic in philosophy), locus communis or locus only (τόπος, Cicero, N. D., 2, 24) .
COMMON-PLACE, adj., vulgaris, communis et contritus (Cicero).
COMMON-PLACE-BOOKS, adversaria, plural.
COMMON-PRAYER-BOOK, sollemnia precationum carmina (after Livius): *liber liturgicus or ritualis.
COMMON-PROPERTY, res communis (e.g., pictor res communis terrarum erat, Plinius).
COMMON, s., ager publicus (Cicero): ager compascuus (common pasture, Cicero, Top., 3, 12).
COMMONALTY, plebs (the common people in opposition partly to populus, partly to patricii, nobiles); also the lower class of the people (in a depreciating sense): vulgus (the common people, the multitude, as distinguished by ignorance, credulity, etc., from the better class of the people): multitudo (the multitude in general).
COMMONER, Vid. COMMON.
COMMONS, [vid. COMMON].House of Commons, *evocati populi Britannici. || Daily fare or allowance, victus quotidianus: cœna quotidiana. or victus, alicuibus only.
COMMONLY, communiter (in such a manner as to be shared by all spoken of): vulgo (by the great majority of men in general): often by circumlocution with omnes:commonly known, omnibus notus (of persons and things): notus et apud omnes pervulgatus (that has come to every body’s knowledge, of things only): to make anything commonly known, vulgare: not to let anything be commonly known, intra privatos parietes aliquid retinere: to become commonly known, vulgari. || Usually: fere (almost always): vulgo (by nearly every
body): passim (in many different places): Not communiter. As he commonly does, ut solet, ut assolet:as commonly happens, ut fit: it is commonly asked, quæri solet: a more than commonly learned divine, *theologus supra vulgarem modum eruditus: it commonly happens so, sic fere fieri solet.
COMMONWEALTH, respublica libera, from context, respublica only: The monarchy is transformed into a commonwealth, a regis dominatione in libertatem populi vindicatur respublica.
COMMOTION, || In the state: tumultus (Roman name for any sudden outbreak against them: e.g., of slaves, peasants, allies): motus: motus concursusque (commotion in the state): seditio (mutiny against the government): vis repentina (sudden commotion): turbæ: commotion among the citizens, seditio domestica; to excite a commotion, turbas dare or facere (Terentius): tumultum facere (Sallustius), concitare; seditionem facere, concitare, commovere, concire; to cause a violent commotion in the camp, maximas in castris turbas efficere (Cicero): to cause fresh commotions, novos tumultus movere (Horace): to cause commotions in a state, tumultum injicere civitati (Cicero) turbæ ac tumultus concitatorem esse (Cicero): tumultum edere or præbere (Livius): to quell the commotion, tumultum sedare (Livius), comprimere (Tacitus): seditionem sedare, lenire, tranquillam facere, comprimere, exstinguere: a commotion breaks out, seditio oritur, concitatur, exardescit: breaks out again, seditio recrudescit: it subsides, seditio languescit: it is appeased, seditio conticescit. || Any violent motion:motus: jactatio: jactatus: agitatio [SYN. in AGITATION]. tumultus (of the sea, the body; also ofthe mind, mentis): vehementior animi concitatio:animi permotio (of the mind): To put every thing in commotion, *miscere ac turbare or turbare ac miscere omnia. Vid. also, AGITATION. COMMUNE, confabulari: fabulari (together, inter se: with anybody, cum aliquo): sermones cædere (λόγους κόπτειν, to carry on a pleasant and familiar conversation with anybody, the object of which tends more to entertainment than instruction): to commune together in a private and confidential manner, cum aliquo fabulor insusurrans ac præbens invicem aurem (Suetonius, Cal., 22).
COMMUNICABLE, quod communicari potest.
COMMUNICANT, *ad mensam sacram accedens.
COMMUNICATE, impertire (less commonly impertiri) alicui aliquid or aliquem aliqua re (to give anybody his share; vid. Zumpt: § 418): communicare aliquid cum aliquo (to make anything, whether a material or mental object, common with another: the construction communicare alicui aliquid is not classical, vid. Held, Cæsar, B. G., 3, 18; Ruddim., Instit. Gramm., 2, p. 197): participem facere aliquem alicujus rei (to allow anybody to take a part or share in anything; especially of mental matters: Communicare conveys the notion of two persons receiving one whole in common; by participem facere, one of the two receives a portion only. Participare aliquid cum aliquo hardly belongs to sober prose): infundere aliquid in, with accusative (diffuse, spread, e.g., evil to the state, mala in civitatem): exponere alicui aliquid (to communicate anything, verbally): perscribere aliquid ad aliquem or (more seldom) alicui aliquid (to communicate by writing): effundere aliquid or alicui aliquid (to pour out, as it were; hence, to communicate amply or fully by speech or writing, vid. Cicero, De Or., 1, 34, quite at the end.; Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum, 16, 7, 5; Cicero, Oratio Pro L. Flacco, 17, 41): to communicate by friction (of things only), affricare aliquid alicui rei: to communicate anything to anybody (i.e., inform him of it), alicui impertire de re: to communicate anything to anybody verbally, in sermone exponere alicui aliquid: to communicate to anybody any plan, consilium communicare cum aliquo; aliquem participem facere consilii. I communicate to anybody something of my plan, impertio alicui aliquid consilii mei: I communicate my thoughts to anybody, cogitationes meas cum aliquo communico (I make no secret of what I am thinking about), expono alicui, quid sentiam: dico, quid sentiam (I tell anybody what I think of anything): effundo alicui omnia, quæ sentio (I communicate to anybody all my thoughts): || Reveal: aperire (to disclose): patefacere (to discover): in medium proferre, also proferre only (to make anything generally known, in a good sense): (the words are found in this connexion and order.) proferre et patefacere: enunciare: evulgare: divulgare (to bring to the knowledge of the multitude what ought not to be told at all, or, at least, only to confidential persons): cum hominibus communicare (to reveal to men, from God, Eccl., revelare) [vid. also, COMMERCE] .INTR., to take the Lord’s Supper, *ad mensam sacram accedere; *sumere cœnam Domini: *ex sacra cœna sumere cibum. || To have an internal communication: the houses communicate *domus ita sunt inter se conjunctæ, ut ex altera in alteram transiri possit: or *domus transitione pervia inter se conjunctæ sunt (after Vergilius, pervium usum habere).
COMMUNICATION, communicatio: verbal communication, communicatio sermonis (Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum, 1, 17, 6):verbal or written communication, consuetudo sive sermonis sive scripti (i.e., the habit of communication etc.): to make a communication to anybody, to make communications to anybody on the most important subjects, maximis de rebus communicare cum aliquo [vid. to COMMUNICATE]. I must make a communication to you, *habeo, quod tecum communicem necesse est (general term): habeo, quod ad te perscribam necesse est (by writing). || Conversation, conference; sermo (general term conversation with one or several persons): congressus, congressio (social meeting or conversation, etc., opposed to digressus, digressio): usus (frequent communication or intercourse with anybody, in so far as one makes use of him): consuetudo (the habit of frequent intercourse): societas: any connexion or communication in general:conjunctio (conjunction): commercium, [vid. COMMERCE]. || Communication between places and troops in war; e.g., to cut off the communications between two armies, societatem mutui auxilii intersepire or dirimere; to cut offanybody’s communication with the army, aliquem ab exercitu intercludere: to cut a person off from all communication with anybody, alicui omnes aditus ad aliquem intercludere: to cut off the enemy’s communications by sea, hostes marinis commeatibus intercludere: line of communication (i.e., of forts, wall, etc.), brachium: to connect two places by a line of communication, brachium ab uno loco ad alterum dirigere ac munire: to carry a line of communication from the fort to the camp, castellum brachiis cum opere castrorum conjungere.|| Passage for communication: transitio: transitus.
COMMUNICATIVE, affabilis (who likes to enter into a conversation, conversable, condescending): lingua or sermone promptus (ready to talk): loquax, garrulus (loquacious): apertus (open, candid): to be communicative, affabilem, etc., esse; se aperire or se patefacere alicui: familiariter agere cum aliquo (to speak or act candidly with anybody).
COMMUNION, communio (social connexion, by which anything becomes common to several individuals: fellowship: communio sanguinis, consanguinity, Cicero): communitas (as quality of what is common): consortio: consortium (mutual participation in anything; then social connexion among persons): conjunctio: societas (any connexion, union, especially for the accomplishment of any object): usus: consuetudo (intercourse, acquaintanceship): familiaritas (intimate acquaintance): nexus (connexion of several things among another): By communion (as in “to praise God by communion,” Raleigh), communiter: conjunctim: to have or maintain communion with anybody, cum aliquo conjunctum esse (with each other, inter se): societatem or commercium cum aliquo habere: societas or commercium mihi est cum aliquo.In ecclesiastical sense, perhaps *in rebus sacris commercium cum aliquo habere, or *rerum sacrarum communione cum aliquo conjunctum esse. [OBSERVE. “Communion” in an ecclesiastical sense, is communio in St. Augustine. Thus, privare aliquem communione sacri altaris: suspendere aliquem communione: imperatores nostræ communionis, etc.]|| = Lord’s Supper, *cœna Domini; *cœna or mensa sacra; eucharistia (Scriptores Ecclesiastici): communio sancti altaris (Augustinus): to receive the communion, sumere cœnam Domini *ex sacra cœna sumere cibum: *celebrare eucharistiam: accedere ad mensam sacram || Communion-table, mensa sacra. altare:
Communion-cloth, *tegmen altarium.
COMMUNITY, || The state: civitas: commune, respublica (τὸ κοινόν): conventus [SYN. in STATE].the Christian community, Christiani: *populus Christianus (the Christians, collectively taken): *Christiana respublica (the Christians, taken in the sense of forming or constituting one state). || Common possession of anything, communitas (alicujus rei: e.g., vitæ et victûs): to be connected with anybody by community of interests, utilitatis communione cum aliquo conjunctum esse.
COMMUTABILITY, COMMUTABLE, a circumlocution by cum aliqua re commutari posse: inter se permutari posse.
COMMUTATION, mutatio (with genitive: of the thing exchanged or of the person who changes, Tacitus, Agr., 28, 4): commutatio (change, e.g., annuæ commutationes).permutatio (the exchange with genitive: of the thing, e.g., permutatio mercium. Cf. commutatio, in the sense of exchanging, is without any ancient authority). Vid. also, To CHANGE and EXCHANGE.
COMMUTE, mutare, for anything (cum) aliqua re (to change): permutare, for anything, aliqua re (exchange, especially with regard to bills or barter): commutare cum aliqua re (to change, i.e., to put one thing in the place of the other) to commute
things, res inter se mutare or permutare.
COMPACT, densus: condensus (consisting of compressed parts, opposed to rarus): spissus (consisting of parts so compressed, that scarcely any interstices are visible almost impervious, impenetrable, opposed to solutus): solidus (consisting of a firm mass, massive, opposed to cassus. pervius): confertus (pressed together, crammed, as it were, opposed to rarus): artior or arctior (compressed into a small space): pressus (of an orator’s style, concise, nervous): brevis (also of style, etc.): creber (whatever is found together in numbers or frequently): cibus plenus: To make compact (according to the above distinctions), densare; condensare; spissare; conspissare; solidare:become compact, densari, etc. (the passive of the above verbs) spissescere; solidescere.
COMPACT, v. coagmentare (to join closely): jungere.conjungere (to join, to unite, vid. UNITE): devincire (to join firmly, unite indissolubly): Vid., also, theverbs spissare, spissescere, etc., in COMPACT, adjective.
COMPACT, s., pactio: pactum (an agreement drawn in proper form, and which has become legal, the former as action): conventus: conventum: constitutum, the subject agreed upon; also before it is made irrevocable, or formally binding). To enter into a compact with anybody, cum aliquo constitutum facere; pactionem facere or conficere or inire cum aliquo: it was settled by compact that etc., pacto convenit, ut etc.: the compact was not concluded, conditiones non convenerunt: to abide by the terms of a compact, pacto stare; pactum servare: not to abide by a compact pacto non stare; pactionem perturbare: to settle a matter by a compact, aliquid transigere: according to the terms of a compact, ex convento (Cicero, Att., 6, 3, 7); ex pacto; (the words are found in this connexion and order.) ex pacto et convento; ut erat constitutum: to make a compact with anybody, cum aliquo pacisci.
COMPACTLY, dense, confertim: spisse: arctius. breviter: presse. SYN. in COMPACT, adj.
COMPACTNESS, densitas: spissitas (close coherence of the single parts; e.g., densitas aëris): soliditas (firmness).
COMPANION, socius (who partakes in anything, e.g., in a journey, itineris): comes (who accompanies one): sodalis (comrade): contubernalis (companion in the same tent or room): commilito: quocum mihi est militia communis (companion in arms): convector (travelling companion in any vehicle, also on board a ship): collega (one of the same profession, a partner, e.g., fellow-slave, fellow-actor, etc.): condiscipulus (school-fellow): conservus (one in the same service, fellow-slave): æqualis (a person with whom one has been brought up): gregalis (a person who belongs to our set: also in a bad sense): congerro (one with whom one exchanges jokes and nonsense, Plautus, Most: 3, 3, 27): re et ratione conjunctus: consors. socius (commercial partner, the latter in Horatius, Od., 3, 24, 60): convictor (who lives with anybody: eats and drinks with him, etc.): conviva (guest who is invited at table by anybody): a good companion, homo jucundus et delectationi natus (who possesses the talent of agreeable entertainment):homo facilis or morum facilium (a sociable and pleasant companion in general); my usual and daily companions are learned people, utor familiaribus et quotidianis convictoribus hominibus doctis. A companion in anything, particeps or socius alicujus rei (whosoever takes a share in a matter, partaker): A jolly companion, combibo; compotor: A female companion, socia: comes: to become anybody’s companion, præbere se comitem alicui: addere or adjungere se comitem alicui: to have anybody for a companion, habere aliquem comitem. COMPANIONABLE, commodus(who suits his manners to those of others, sociable): affabilis (who is ready to speak to persons; condescending in conversation and intercourse): sociabilis (inclined for intercourse with others): congregabilis (easily to be united with a flock or society; sociable): facilis (sociable, as quality of character): not companionable, insociabilis: rari aditus (of persons to whom one has not easily access, inaccessible): morosus (sullen): A companionable character, mores commodi; to be a companionable person, moribus esse commodis. Vid. SOCIAL.
COMPANIONABLY, socialiter.
COMPANIONSHIP, || Connexion among comrades:contubernium: commilitium: sodalitas or sodalitium: condiscipulatus [SYN. in COMPANION].|| Body of companions: sodalitas; sodales, etc.,the plural, of the words under COMPANION: Vid. also, SOCIETY.
COMPANY, || society, connexion: societas (e.g., societas Bithynica, the company of the farmers of the revenue in Bithynia): corpus (e.g., the Adriatic, maris Hadriatici, Inscr.): to forma company societatem facere: to enter into company with anybody, aliquem sibi socium adjungere; voluntariam societatem coire cum aliquo: to be in a company (= partnership) with anybody, alicujus socium esse; re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctum esse (vid. Cicero, Verr., 2, 70, 172). || Division of a regiment on foot: perhaps centuria: to divide into companies, centuriare: to enlist in a company, nomen dare.
COMPARABLE, comparabilis; quod comparari potest: to be comparable, comparationem habere: not to be comparable to or with anything, nullo modo comparari posse cum re.
COMPARATIVE, comparatus ad aliquid (compared with): comparativus(judicatio, Cicero, genus causæ, Quintilianus, hence, comparative anatomy, *anatomia or anatomice comparativa, with or without a quæ dicitur): ad quod adjunctio quædam accedit or cum adjunctione (opposed to simplex et absolutus).Necessity may be comparative or absolute, sunt quædam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quædam simplices et absolutae. Sometimes by circumlocution with videri quodammodo posse:speciem aliquem alicujus rei videre, etc. I think I see a comparative revival of anything, speciem aliquam videre videor quasi reviviscentis alicujus rei (after Cicero, 4, Fam., 4): The comparative degree, gradus comparativus (Grammaticus).
COMPARATIVELY, comparate (comparative only Gellius): ex comparatione (Cicero): cum adjunctione (opposed to simpliciter et absolute).
COMPARE, || to endeavour to detect the similitude or equality between two or several objects: comparare (compare two things which are quite similar to one another, i.e., stand in the relation of a pair): componere (to place the one by the side of the other; of things which approximate to each other, and when the difference existing between them may be equalized): conferre (to subject to comparison things which are very different from – or opposed to – each other): contendere (to hold together things to discover whether they suit together, if that point is still doubtful), all; with anything, alicui rei or cum aliqua re: compare between or among another, with another, comparare or conferre inter se: to be compared with one another, in contentionis judicium vocari.
COMPARISON, comparatio: collatio: contentio. [SYN. in COMPARE, v.]: to admit of a comparison, comparationem habere: to admit of no comparison, nullo modo comparari posse cum re.
COMPARTMENT, loculus: loculamentum (any partition, i.e., separation in boxes, desks, etc.): foruli (compartments in book-cases, shelves): *pars, membrum, area (compartment in garden-bed): divided into compartments, loculatus (e.g., arcula). COMPASS, ambitus (with regard to expansion in general, e.g., of heaven and earth, cœli et terrarum: of the camp, castrorum): circuitus (with regard to width, extent, also that of any writing, voluminis, Suetonius, Vitruvius): circumscriptio (a circle described, as it were, round anything, e.g., of the earth, terræ): complexus (with regard to the space encompassed, e.g., cœli, mundi):the great compass, magnitudo circuitus: the wide compass, latus ambitus;amplitudo: of great compass, magnus (e.g., a book, liber): of wide compass, lato ambitu; amplus: of enormous compass, vastus (also of the voice): to have a great or wide compass, habere magnum or latum ambitum; late patere (especially of a country; then, also, figuratively = to be of extensive application): in compass, in circuitu; also circuitu: the island is 25,000 paces in compass, insula viginti quinque millia passuum circuitu patet; insula cingitur viginti quinque millibus passuum: the thing in its whole compass, res tota or universa: to have studied, or to know the whole compass of anything, rem omnem didicisse or novisse; alicujus rei peritissimum esse; to be confined within a narrow compass, to lie in a narrow compass, exiguis finibus contineri (e.g., Latini suis finibus, exiguis sane, continentur): cancelli (the boundary; figuratively the line which ought not to be passed): modus (the measure by means of which an object is limited according to space, time, and degree). || The mariner’s compass: *capsula acus magneticæ (the box of a compass): *acus magnetica nautarum (the magnetic needle itself).
COMPASS, circumdare alicui rei aliquid or rem aliqua re: cingere aliqua re (to enclose with anything): circumstare (to stand around): circumsedere (to sit around, as it were of besiegers): stipare (to surround in masses): sepire. circumsepire (to surround with either a hedge or any work intended for a defence): amplecti: complecti (to encompass, surround on all sides), circumplecti (to inclose all round): complecti: comprehendere (physically and metaphysically to comprise). || To go round:ambire (go all around anything): obire (go round, in order to see, to inspect, etc.): circumire (go round, not to go in, therefore improper: aliquid vitabundum circumire, to avoid anything in discourse, e.g., anybody’s name, alicujus nomen, post-Augustan). To attain: consequi: assequi (overtake): adipisci (to attain, reach an object, for which one had a desire
or longing): impetrare (effect or obtain what has been requested): obtinere (place one’s self in possession after obstinate resistance): by violence, exprimere, extorquere: to compass the highest power, rerum potiri.
COMPASSION, misericordia (pity or feeling of sympathy for the unmerited misery of others, vid. Cicero, Tusc: 4, 8, 18, misericordia est ægritudo ex miseria alterius injuria laborantis): miseratio (act of pitying): for or out of compassion, propter misericordiam; misericordia captus or permotus (seized or moved by compassion): to excite compassion, misericordiam or miserationem commovere: it deserves or excites some compassion, habet aliquid misericordiam: to excite compassion.in anybody, or anybody’s compassion, aliquem ad misericordiam vocare or adducere or allicere; alicujus mentem ad misericordiam revocare; misericordiam alicui concitare, or alicujus misericordiam concitare (to excite anybody’s compassion); misericordia flectere aliquem (to cause anybody to desist from anything by exciting his compassion):mentem alicujus miseratione permovere (to move anybody by exciting his compassion, e.g., the judge on the part of the advocate): to endeavour to excite anybody’s compassion, misericordiam alicujus captare: to implore anybody’s compassion, misericordiam alicujus requirere et efflagitare, or implorare et exposcere: to fly to anybody’s compassion, ad misericordiam alicujus confugere: to be moved, seized by compassion, misericordia moveri or commoveri or permoveri or capi: to be full of compassion, misericordia frangi: to have compassion upon anybody, misericordiam alicui tribuere, impertire: to have (feel) compassion, misericordem esse (to have a compassionate heart): se misericordem præbere (to show one’s self compassionate in a single instance); misericordia moveri, capi; to have, feel compassion for anybody, misereri (in later writers also commisereri) alicujus; miseret me alicujus; tenet me misericordia alicujus (different from miserari and commiserari aliquid, i.e., to display one’s compassion by words; lament, regret):I have compassion on thee (pity thee), thou hast compassion on me (pitiest me), miseret me tui, miseret te mei: to feel compassion for anything, e.g., for anybody’s fate, misericordiam alicujus fortunis adhibere; alicujus casum or fortunam miserari or commiserari (by displaying it aloud; vid. the preceding instance): to have (feel) no compassion, misericordiam non recipere: to live on the compassion of others, aliena misericordia vivere: tear of compassion, misericordiæ lacrima; worthy of compassion, miserandus: commiserandus. miseratione dignus (of persons and things. Cf. miserabilis, in this signification, does not occur in the prose of the Golden Age): dolendus, lugendus (of things only. All in the sense of deserving compassion).
COMPASSIONATE, misericors, towards anybody, in aliquem (general term) ad misericordiam propensus (given or inclined to compassion): κυρικιμασαηικοverycompassion, misericordia singulari (vir): to show one’s self compassionate towards anybody, misericordem esse or misericordia uti in aliquem; misericordem se præbere in aliquem to render anybody compassionate, vid. “to excite anybody’s COMPASSION” misericordiæ plenus (full of compassion).
COMPASSIONATE, v., vid. COMPASSION.
COMPASSIONATELY, misericordi animo (misericorditer is quite unclassical); cum misericordia: cum miseratione. misericordia ductus, captus, permotus (from compassion): to behave compassionately, misericordem se præbere: misericordia uti (in aliquem).
COMPATIBILITY, convenientia (agreement: cum aliqua re).
COMPATIBLE, consentaneus (alicui rei): conveniens (alicui rei or ad aliquid): congruens alicui rei: sociabilis (alicui rei capable of being united with it: Post-Augustan, rare, Plinius).To be compatible, congruere, congruentem or convenientem esse alicui rei. aptum esse alicui rei: non alienum esse a re.Not to be compatible with anything, alicui rei contrarium esse or adversari; a aliqua re abhorrere: aliquid recusat aliquid: a aliqua re alienum esse. Sometimes by esse with genitive. It is not compatible with the character of a wise man, sapientis non est.
COMPATRIOT, popularis (properly, one of the same tribe; then, also, of the same country, state, vicinity, or town, for which Gellius only, 17, 17, has gentilis): qui ejusdem est civitatis: qui in eadem civitate natus est (from the same state, country; Cf. conterraneus, not found before Plinius, præfat., § 1): civis (from the same town or city; concivis not Latin): municeps (citizen of the same municipium, the same municipal town): our compatriot, noster homo (Cicero): nostras; incola noster:popularis, civis, municeps noster: your compatriot, vestras (vid. Charisius, 133, Plinius): our compatriots, populares nostri; homines nostri; also nostri only, or nostrates.
COMPEER, Vid. EQUAL, COMPANION.
COMPEL, aliquem vi cogere (but cogere alone only, if = urge, press, necessitate): compel anybody to anything, aliquem vi cogere ad aliquid; or with a following infinitive, or with ut and subjunctive; aliquem (per vim) adigere or aliquem subigere ad aliquid or with following ut and subjunctive (to drive, induce anybody against his will to anything, compel him). alicui necessitatem imponere or injicere aliquid faciendi (to impose on anybody the necessity of doing anything) compel one’s self, sibi vim facere; naturæ repugnare (to oppose nature): to allow one’s self to be compelled to anything, invitum facere aliquid: to see one’s self compelled to etc., necessario cogi with infinitive. (On se coactum videre, vid. OBS. under “To SEE.”) COMPELLABLE, qui cogi potest.
COMPELLER, coactor.
COMPENDIOUS, brevis (short): in angustum coactus (compressed, cut short). [Vid. BRIEF.] Compendious methods of teaching, docendi compendia (Quintilianus).
COMPENDIOUSLY,Vid., BRIEFLY.
COMPENDIOUSNESS, brevitas. Vid., BRIEFNESS.
COMPEND, or COMPENDIUM, epitome: summarium:breviarium (a synopsis, summarium before, and breviarium at the time of Seneca, vid. Seneca, Ep: 39, 1): electa, neuter plural orum; excerpta, neuter plural (extracts, extracted passages):to make a compendium of any work, a compendium, aliquid (librum) in angustum cogere; aliquid in epitomen cogere (the later writers only have aliquid epitomare): to give a compendium of a voluminous work, auctorem per multa volumina diffusum epitome circumscribere.
COMPENSATE, pensare, compensare, by something, aliquid aliqua re or cum re (equalize, make up): explere: supplere (repair, restore), æquare: exæquare (make equal).
COMPENSATION, compensatio: pensatio: æquatio. exæquatio [SYN. in COMPENSATE], *impensæ pecuniæ restitutio (for money spent): remuneratio.
COMPETE, compete with, competere: una petere aliquid (be a competitor): certare or concertare or contendere cum aliquo: æmulari aliquem or cum aliquo: with anybody in anything, aliqua re certare or concertare cum aliquo: (of mutual competition) aliqua re inter se certare. || Vie with (of things), certare cum aliqua re: poetically, alicui rei (e.g., viridique certat bacca Venafro, Horatius): æmulari aliquid (e.g., Balicæ uvæ Albanum vinum æmulantur, Plinius).
COMPETENCY, victus (what one can live on): quod satis esse videtur (what is probably enough): To have a competency, habere in sumtum (Cicero): rem habere: habere, unde commode vivam. Not to have a competency, deest mihi in sumtum ad necessarios usus (Gellius): A competency of knowledge, satis idonea alicujus rei scientia.
COMPETENT, quod satis esse videtur or visum est: par: satis idoneus.Also satis with genitive: A competent knowledge of anything, *satis idonea alicujus rei scientia: A competent judge, judex idoneus or locuples: to be competent to do anything, jus potestatemque habere (to have the right: aliquid faciendi) also facere aliquid possum (to be able).
COMPETENTLY, satis (sufficiently): congruenter:convenienter (suitably): congruenter convenienterque; recte; idonee.
COMPETITION, æmulatio (general term): multorum petitio.There is a strong competition, *multi idem petunt.
Cf. competitio occurs in later writers only, and in a quite different signification; vid. Dict. Circumlocution by competere, una petere aliquid.
COMPETITOR, competitor (general term): qui una petit munus (competitor for an office): qui competit eandem puellam (rival), feminine competitrix: Sometimes æmulus, feminine æmula (general term): rivalis (in love).
COMPILATION, compilatio (properly a plundering:used playfully by Cicero, ad Div., 2, 8, in., of a collection of records): collectanea: dicta collectanea (collected sentences, Suetonius, Cæsar, 5, 6): electorum commentarius or commentarii (collection of choice passages from any author, Plinius, Ep: 3, 5, 17): excerpta: conjectanea (collected remarks or notes in general, Gellius, 4, 14, in.).
COMPILE, aliorum scrinia or sapientiam compilare (after Horatius, Sat: 1, 1, 121; Cicero, Mur., 11, 25): excerpere (to make an extract from a writing): exscribere (to write out; e.g., passages from a book): eligere (choice passages): perhaps *librum e pluribus (scriptoribus) confundere (after Cicero, oratio a pluribus confusa, Cicero, Brut., 26, 100; to which several persons have contributed portions).
COMPILER, compilator (late; in classical Latin a plunderer): aliorum scrinia compilans (after Horatius, Sat: 1, 1, 121): *qui librum ex aliorum scriptis, or e pluribus scriptoribus, confundit: [OBS., eclogarius is “a selected passage:” eclogarii = loci electi: Cicero, Att., 16, 2, 5, Orell.]
COMPLACENCE or COMPLACENCY, delectatio (delight): oblectatio (amusement, entertainment): voluptas (pleasure, the
pleasurable feeling): amor sui (self-love). To regard one’s self with complacency, sibi placere.|| Obliging disposition: Vid. COMPLAISANT. COMPLACENT, gratus: jucundus. comis: benignus. humanus: officiosus: Vid. COMPLAISANT.
COMPLACENTLY, commode; comiter; officiose benigne; obsequenter (Livius).
COMPLAIN, queri: conqueri: about anything, queri aliquid or de re, also with quod or accusative and infinitive: conqueri aliquid or de re, or with accusative and infinitive:to anybody, cum aliquo (to complain violently): querimoniam habere de re (to make a complaint about anything, etc..): expostulare de re (cum aliquo), of a person to anybody, aliquem cum aliquo (to call a person to an account, to complain of him in words); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) expostulare et queri (with following accusative and infinitive): accusare, incusare aliquem or aliquid (to complain of anybody or anything, accusative also of a judicial complaint: incusare not found in Cicero). OBSERVE, queri ad or apud aliquem (Plautus) and alicui aliquid (Ovidius) are rare.|| To utter sorrowful feelings: lamentari: cum fletu et luctu queri (lament, to complain with a loud voice):deplorare: deflere: vagire (to whimper, of young children):to complain of indisposition, etc., de incommoda or adversa valetudine queri: to complain of one’s misfortune to anybody, adversam fortunam conqueri cum aliquo: to complain of pain, dolorem suum alicui impertire: de dolore quodam corporis queri.
COMPLAINANT, accusator: qui accusat (accuser, prosecutor in general, but especially in criminal matters).
COMPLAINER, qui dolet, etc., Vid. COMPLAIN.
COMPLAINT, || expression of sorrow, vexation, etc., at some untoward occurrence, etc.:questus (the state of complaining): querimonia (complaint of what one has really suffered: the object being redress or satisfaction): querela (complaint as an act of, often blamable, feeling, intended, for the most part, to ease the heart): lamentatio: lamentum (as displayed by any loud utterance of grief or other signs of affliction, the first as action, the latter complaint, itself): plangor: planctus (the beating of the breast, arms, etc.); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) plangor et lamentatio: quiritatus (loud lament): vagitus (that of children):gemitus (a deep sigh; groan); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) gemitus et lamentatio: useless complaints, querelæ inertes; lamentatio inutilis: a letter full of complaints, epistola querelarum plena: complaints against the times, querela temporum: to break out into complaints, lamentari: about anything, queri aliquid (e.g., about one’s fate, fatum suum or fortunas suas): against the gods, querimonias facere in deos: to utter complaints incessantly, lamentis se dedere; lamentis vacare: to fill the forum with one’s complaints, plangore et lamentatione complere forum: not to be able to bear anybody’s complaints, querimonias alicujus sustinere non posse: to die without uttering a complaint, non miserabiliter emori. || Complaint, against anybody or anything a complaint (in general): querela (expression or utterance of dissatisfaction about real or imaginary wrong): querimonia (when one wishes a real injury to be redressed): expostulatio (a calling anybody to an account): complaint, about anything, querela (querimonia) alicujus rei or de re (e.g., about a crime, querimonia criminis: about injuries, querela or querimonia de injuriis): complaint to anybody, querela cum aliquo:to prefer a complaint about anything, queri or conqueri aliquid or de re; to anybody, cum aliquo (in Cicero, never apud aliquem); expostulare de re, to anybody, cum aliquo (call to an account); (the words are found in this connexion and order.) expostulare et queri; with quod and accusative and infinitive: to bandy loud complaints, querimonias ultro citroque jactare: to lodge a complaint with anybody, querimoniam or querelam deferre ad aliquem: no cause or ground of complaint had ever arisen, nulla umquam (inter eos) querimonia intercessit: anything is a reasonable ground for complaint, aliquid nonnullam habet querelam.|| Complaint before a court, magistrate, etc.: querimonia. querela (complaint of injury suffered): criminatio (complaint, as attributing the cause of anything to anybody): delatio nominis (the act of naming to the judge the person against whom one is going to lodge a complaint) periculum (complaint as to the danger in which the accused finds himself): actio (the legal procedure in general, as well in criminal as civil matters; then also the usual speech of the complainant): accusatio (complaint as accusation, which is brought before the court, especially in criminal cases; also the speech usual upon that occasion): petitio: postulatio (the complaint in civil matters, as legal claim against anybody): vindicatio (civil suit in any matter): condictio (civil suit against anybody about both, vid. Ulpius, Dig., 44, 7, 24): formula (the prescribed form of the complaint): libellus (the written accusation): OBSERVE, dica (δίκη) = actio, occurs only when a Greek court is spoken of: A malicious or unfounded complaint, calumnia: to lodge a complaint with anybody, querimoniam or querelam deferre ad aliquem: to lodge a complaint, actionem instituere: lege agere: in jus vocare (in general, especially, however, in civil matters): accusationem comparare constituereque: accusationem comparare et instruere (in criminal matters) [vid. ACTION]. || Disease, morbus; vid: ILLNESS.
COMPLAISANCE, humanitas: mores commodi or faciles: facilitas: comitas: obsequium: obsequentia (Cæsar): voluntas officiosa (Ovidius, Pont., 3, 2, 17). SYN. in OBLIGING.
COMPLAISANT, humanus: commodus: facilis:comis: placendi studiosus (Ovidius, A. A., 3, 4, 23): officiosus.benignus [SYN. in OBLIGING]. to be complaisant, facilem se præbere: officiosum, etc. esse (in aliquem).
COMPLEMENT, complementum: refectio (making whole again or repairing): supplementum (that which makes anything whole; e.g., supplementum scribere legionibus).
COMPLETE, plenus (general term, having its full number, size, etc.): integer (whole, unmutilated, etc.): absolutus:perfectus: (the words are found in this connexion and order.) absolutus et perfectus: perfectus atque absolutus: expletus et perfectus: perfectus cumulatusque:perfectus completusque (that has the highest perfection, complete): verus: germanus (real, genuine): thoroughly complete, absolutus omnibus numeris; perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus: totus (whole; opposed to single parts): totus integer (in the fullest manner or sense; Gellius, 12, 1, in.): justus (having the required quality or number; e.g., defeat, cædes: army, exercitus): a complete philosopher, philosophus absolutus: a complete orator, orator perfectus; homo perfectus in dicendo: a complete Stoic, perfectus Stoicus (that cannot be found fault with); germanissimus Stoicus (deviating in nothing from the Stoic school): to make anything complete, absolvere (to accomplish anything, so that nothing is wanting in it; e.g., a benefaction, beneficium); cumulare aliquid (to put the finishing stroke to a thing, to crown it; e.g., joy, gaudium).
COMPLETE, v., complere: explere (to fill up; e.g., a gap):supplere (supply, restore, what was defective; e.g., the legions, legiones): absolvere (place in such a state that nothing is wanting; e.g., a benefaction, beneficium):aliquid plene or plene cumulateque perficere (give to anything the highest degree of perfection): ad exitum adducere.ad finem perducere (general term for to bring to an end): conficere (finish, perform): consummare (to consummate,bring to a point, accomplish; classical since the Augustan age, vid. Ruhnken, Vell., 2, 89): perpolire (give the last polish, with reference to mental productions; also (the words are found in this connexion and order.), perpolire atque conficere): extremam or summam manum imponere alicui rei (to give anything the finishing stroke, Vergilius, Æn., 7, 573: Seneca, Ep., 12, 4: Quintilianus, 1, proæm., 4).
COMPLETELY, perfecte: absolute (without want or fault): plane, prorsus: omnino (entirely, thoroughly) plene: integre: to accomplish anything completely, aliquid plene perficere.
COMPLETENESS, absolutio (the finishing anything off, so as to make a whole): plenitudo (fullness; e.g., syllabæ, *Auctor ad Herennium, 4, 20, 28): integritas (integrity, indivisibility, an unmutilated, unabridged state): perfectio.
COMPLETION, || the state of perfection:absolutio, perfectio; (the words are found in this connexion and order.) absolutio perfectioque. || A completing: confectio: consummatio (consummation, post-Augustan): finis, exitus (end). vid., also, the examples under COMPLETE.
COMPLEX, ex diversis partibus compositus: complexus (term of logic), concretus (concrete, compounded): multiplex (manifold).
COMPLEXION, || colour of the face: color oris: from context color only: a healthy complexion, color verus:a fine complexion, color suavis; coloris suavitas: a good complexion, coloris bonitas: a very good complexion, color egregius: a very pale complexion, color exsanguis. || Temperament of the body:ingenium (the peculiarities of the mind): natura: (natural qualities as well of the constituent parts of the body as of the mental faculties of every being; nature): animus (mind, disposition of mind, character): constitutio (the temper formed by education): habitus (the internal and external condition or state of a matter, with all the objects of its existence): temperatio (temper).
COMPLEXITY, implicatio: perturbatio; but mostly by circumlocution with turbatus: conturbatus: perturbatus.confusus: (the words are found in this connexion and order.) perturbatus
et confusus: inconditus. impeditus: perplexus.
COMPLIANCE, propensa voluntas (ready disposition): facilitas (readiness): obsequium: obsequentia (a yielding to the wishes and humour of others, the latter, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 29): officium (kind or complaisant sentiment or action, of him who wishes to show any attention or render any service to anybody): voluntas officiosa (disposition to render a service, Ovidius, Pont., 3, 2, 17): To force anybody into compliance, *cogere aliquem, ut concedat de postulatis. too great compliance, nimia obsequentia: indulgentia (indulgence).
COMPLIANT, obsequens: obsequiosus (willingly acceding to others’ wishes; the latter only in Plautus, Capt., 2, 3, 58): facilis: officiosus (complaisant, ready to render a service): compliant in anything, promptus or paratus ad aliquid (ready for anything): inclinatus or propensus ad aliquid (easily to be induced, inclined for anything): indulgens (indulgent; opposed to durus): to be compliant to anybody, alicui or alicujus voluntati morem gerere or obsequi: know that thou art a great deal too compliant (indulgent), te esse auricula infima molliorem scito (Cicero, Qu. Fr., 2, 15, 4).
COMPLICATE, || to join: jungere: conjungere (general term): complicare (wind up): conglomerare (like a ball of cotton, for instance, or a clot): copulare (combine, copulate): inter se jungere copulareque; copulando jungere. || To involve, entangle: implicare or impedire: perturbare: confundere.
COMPLICATED, e.g., a complicated matter, res impedita, contorta, difficilis, contorta et difficilis: a difficult and complicated undertaking, magnum et arduum opus: the matter is very complicated, res in magnis difncultatibus est.
COMPLICATION, congeries (mass, heap): implicatio (act of entangling): nodus (knot):Or by circumlocution with perturbatus: impeditus: perplexus; or by aliud super aliud acervatum or cumulatum.
COMPLICE, particeps alicujus rei (e.g., conjurationis):sceleris conscius; vid. ACCOMPLICE.
COMPLIMENT, || Salutation, greeting: salutatio: salus (salute): also honor (the honour done by the compliment): to make one’s compliments to anybody, aliquem salutare; salutem alicui dicere, impertire: to send one’s compliments to anybody, valere aliquem jubeo: make my compliments to Dionysius, Dionysium jube salvere: compliments having been exchanged, salute data, invicem redditaque; salute accepta redditaque; also functi mutua gratulatione (if the compliments are combined with any congratulation): to present another person’s compliments, salutem nunciare. || A complimentary speech or demonstration of civility: verborum honos: verba honorifica. laus (flattering praise): blanda vanitas. also verba, plural (polite but empty words): his words or conversation are nothing but mere compliments, ejus sermones meri sunt honores (vid. Horatius, Ep., 2, 2, 88): A speech or discourse full of compliment, oratio blanda: those are mere compliments, verba istbæc sunt: a letter containing bare or empty compliments, inanis sermo literarum: without any compliment, citra honorem verborum (i.e., without wishing to say mere compliments); sine fuco ac fallaciis (without wishing to deceive, without disguise, guile): to make anybody a compliment of anything, donare alicui aliquid or aliquem aliqua, re: alicui aliquid dono dare.
COMPLIMENT, v. honorificis verbis aliquem prosequi.To compliment a person on anything, (a) to congratulate him;gratulari alicui aliquid (e.g., on his safe arrival, adventum); (b) to praise him; e.g., on account of his measures, laudare alicujus instituta.
COMPLIMENTAL, COMPLIMENTARY, honorarius. urbanus(mannerly, polite): officiosus (full of zeal to render a service): modestus (modest): bene moratus (well mannered).
COMPLIMENTALLY, urbane, officiose: verbis honorificis: honorifice (Cicero): belle.
COMPLIMENTER, *homo ad omnes officiorum formulas factus.
COMPLOT, consensio: conspiratio: consensionis or conspirationis globus (general term): conjuratio (conspiracy): societas: sodalitium (union, in a bad sense, a gang; all designating the secret union, as well as its members): coitio (a secret assembly or meeting): the complot is frustrated, consensionis globus aliqua re disjicitur: to make a complot;vid. COMPLOT, v.
COMPLOT, v., consensiones or coitionem facere:conspirare; societatem coire: against anybody, in aliquem conspirare;contra aliquem conjurare; ad aliquem opprimendum consentire (in order to crush anybody).
COMPLOTTER, Vid. CONSPIRATOR.
COMPLY, with anything, consentire alicui rei or ad aliquid (to comply with a proposal, etc.; e.g., ad indutias): to comply with the proposed conditions, conditiones accipere; ad conditiones accedere or descendere (comply with them, especially after long hesitation): to comply with the times (Middleton), tempori cedere or servire; versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus: to comply with, or follow, anybody’s commands, wishes, alicui obsequi: cedere alicui in aliqua re: to comply with anybody’s requests, alicujus precibus cedere; alicujus precibus locum dare or relinquere; alicui roganti obsequi; precibus alicujus indulgere: to comply with anybody’s will, or wishes, alicujus voluntati morem gerere or obsequi: too frequently, alicui indulgere (to be too indulgent with anybody): to refuse to comply with anybody’s wishes, in sententiasua perstare or perseverare.
COMPONENT, e.g., component parts of a thing: elementa alicujus rei: res ex quibus conflatur et efficitur aliquid (Cicero, Off., 1, 4, 14): res, quibus aliquid continetur, or in quibus aliquid positum est (of which anything consists, or on which it rests, Cicero, Off., 1, 9, 29, and 35, 126): to settle the component parts of anything, eas res constituere, quibus aliquid contineatur (Cicero): the component parts of a happy life, ea, in quibus vita beata consistit.
COMPORT, || agree with: convenire: congruere.concinere [SYN. in AGREE] || To comport one’s self: se gerere (with an adverb; e.g., with propriety, honeste): to comport one’s self as, gerere or agere aliquem, agere pro aliquo (i.e., to present or show one’s self; not se gerere or agere aliquem or se agere pro aliquo): exhibere aliquem (to show one’s self):to comport one’s self according to one’s rank, pro dignitate vivere: to comport one’s self towards anybody according to his rank, dignitati alicujus consulere: to comport one’s self or behave kindly, etc., towards anybody, aliquem liberaliter habere; unkindly, aspere tractare.
COMPORTMENT, vivendi ratio: vita: mores: *ratio, qua aliquis utitur adversus aliquem (comportment with regard to others): Vid. also, CONDUCT.
COMPOSE, || to bring into connexion: componere (to combine to one whole): jungere, conjungere (general term for combine): copulare (to join together); inter se jungere copulareque; or copulando jungere. || To compose as a musician: modos facere: modos musicos componere (after Quintilianus, 1, 12, 14): to compose an air, cantum rescribere vocum sonis (Cicero, Tusc., 4, 2, 3); musicis modis canticum excipere (Quintilianus and others). || To arrange: ordinare (general term): in ordinem adducere or redigere. disponere. digerere: in ordinem digerere.componere: collocare: constituere [SYN. in ARRANGE].|| To be composed of, or formed of, etc., constare: man is composed of soul and body, homo constat (ex) animo et corpore or e corpore constat et animo;hominum genus compositum est ex animo et corpore. || To compose as an author: scribere: conscribere (to compose by writing): componere (to place together with order, and art; all with reference to any writing, librum): concipere, with or without verbis (to shape in words, for which there was a form existing previously; e.g., an oath, jusjurandum: an edict, edictum: a petition, libellum. Cf., It is only in similar instances that concipere can be used; never in speaking of original productions of the mind): to compose verses, versus facere or scribere; versus fundere (as an impromptu): to compose extempore verses, ex tempore versus fundere. || Mechanically by types:*typis or literarum formis describere (e.g., a book, librum): || To settle amicably; e.g., differences, etc., componere: dirimere: cum bona gratia componere:controversias componere, minuere (the latter in Cæsar, B. G., 7, 23, Herzog). || To calm: tranquillare (e.g., animos): sedare (to make quiet, to appease; e.g., anger, etc.): placare (to assuage): permulcere (to appease by caresses, etc.): lenire (to cause to abate, e.g., anger, fear, etc.): to compose anybody’s mind by exhortations, remonstrances, etc., alicujus animum verbis confirmare: by consolations, aliquem solari; aliquem or animum alicujus consolatione lenire, permulcere. to become composed, acquiescere;consolatione se lenire (by consoling one’s self).
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COMPOSEDLY, quieto animo; tranquille: placide;placato animo; sedate; sedato animo; (the words are found in this connexion and order.) tranquille et placide; sedate placideque.