en_la_10

Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com

CLEAVING -STONE, schistos or schistus. (σχιστος, Plinius)

CLEF (in music). Kraft gives *signum, *clavis.

Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.comCLEFT, fissura: fissum: rima (fissure in a solid body lengthwise and into the depth of it; chink): hiatus (wide cleft, open and deep). To have a cleft in it, fissura dehiscere: rimam agere (ducere, poetically).

CLEFT, = cloven. Vid. CLEAVE, TR.

CLEMENCY, dementia: mamsuetudo (mildness of a private person who does not take vengeance for a mortification suffered; opposed to iracundia, Döderlein’s Synonyms). Sometimes lenitas (gentleness): indulgentia (readiness to overlook). (The words are found in this connection and order). facilitus et elementia (Terentius); clementia mansuetudoque (Cicero); lenitas et clementia (Cicero). To act with clemency, clementia uti: to show clemency to anybody, clementer agere cum aliquo; clementer tractare aliquem; gratiam facere delicti (to pardon a particular crime). With clemency, clementer, leniter, molliter, indulgenter. || Clemency of the weather, clementia (biemis, diei, Columella: cœli, Florus and Luc.), or circumlocution by adj. mitis, lenis, etc.

CLEMENT, clemens (acting mercifully and humanely toward the criminal, those who have wronged him, etc.; opposed to crudelis): lenis (mild, placable; opposed to vehemens, asper, acer): indulgens (ready to overlook, etc.; opposed to acerbus et severus). || Of the weather, mitis: lenis.

Cf. Clemens in this sense is rather poetical.

CLENCH, Vid. CLINCH.

CLEPSYDRA, Vid. ” water-clock,” under CLOCK.

CLERGY, clerus: clerici: ecclesiastici (Scriptores Ecclesiastici).

CLERGYMAN, sacerdos (priest): clericus: ecclesiasticus: sacrorum antistes.

CLERICAL, clericus: ecclesiasticus.The clerical profession, *ordo clericorum:to enter the clerical profession, *ordini clericorum ascribi.

CLERK, || clergyman, vid. || Scholar, doctus: doctrina instructus: eruditus.(The words are found in this connection and order), doctus atque eniditus. A great clerk, perdoctus: pereruditus: doctus atque imprimis eruditus: mire or doctissime eruditus, etc. [Vid. LEARNED.] To be a great clerk, multa doctrina esse.|| Writer or other helper to a judge, tradesman. etc., scriba (scribe): minister (general term). A merchant’s clerk, mercatoris minister.

Clerk of the market, agoranomus (αγορανόμος: at Rome, this was one office of the ædilis plebis):præfectus annonæ (who presides over the sale, etc., of corn). || Parish-clerk, famulus sacrorum.

CLERKSHIP, || scholarship, vid.|| Office of being a clerk, scribæ ministerium (Livius., 4, 8): scriptus, us (Livius): scribatus, us (Codex Justinianus, 7, 62, 4).To be a clerk, scriptum facere.

CLEVER, callidus (clever; of intellectual sagacity and cunning, derived from experience and knowledge of the world: cujus “tamquam manus opere, sic animus usu concalluit,” Cicero.): sollers (possessing practical genius and inventve power): astutus (acute in inventing and executing secret projects. Döderlein’s Synonyms; cunning, with innate sharp-sightedness, Ramsh.; e.g., vulpes): versutus (virsatile; clever in dissimulation, and in getting out of scrapes): vafer (adroit in practicing tricks, especially in law affairs; cunning, like a pettifogging lawyer): eruditus (well-trained, well-instructed): ingeniosus (fertile in expedients): dexter (dextrous; naturally ready and clever in applying his knowledge or art): bonus (general term for good at anything).

Clever in anything, qui commode or scienter aliquid facit (e. g,, a clever dancer, qui commode saltat): arte insignis (e.g., medicus arte insignis): peritus alicujus rei: exercitatus in aliqua re; naturally clever in or at anything, aptus factusque ad aliquid. To be a clever man in one’s line or profession. admirabilem esse suo genere (Cicero). A clever rogue or rascal, veterator: (in aliqua re) satis veterator.To be clever at anything, habilem esse ad aliquid; aptum esse ad aliquid: to be naturally clever at anything, natum esse ad aliquid. CLEVERLY, sollerter: commode (e.g., saltare), etc.: scienter (with knowledge of one’s art, etc.): perite: ingeniose; docte (e.g., psallere).

CLEVERNESS, || dexterity, cunning, sollertia: calliditas: astutia: vafritia (Seneca) [SYN. in CLEVER]: in anything, docilitas: ingeniuni docile (aptness to learn): peritia alicujus rei: scientia alicujus rei: eruditio, doctrina: usus alicujus rei (practice in anything): exercitatio (dexterity acquired by practice, Quintilianus, 10, 5, 9).

CLEW, CLUE, glomus. To twist anything in a clew, aliquid glomerare.|| Guiding thread, linum or filum dux (vid. Propertius, 3, 5, 8; Vergilius, Æn., 6, 29). IMPR., perhaps dux: aliquid sequor.

CLEW, v. To clew sails, the nearest is vela subducere (to reef them).

CLICK, tinnire: tinnitare.

CLIENT, cliens (masculine and feminine).

Clients, clientes: clientelæ. A young client, clientulus: to be anybody’s client, esse in alicujus clientela: to become anybody’s client, conferre se in alicujus dientelam; alicui se in clieutelam ac fidem commendare.

CLIENTSHIP, clientela.

CLIFF, scopulus: rupes: saxa [SYN. in Rock]. A tall or high cliff, rupes præcelsa (Vergilius).

CLIFFY, Vid. ROCKY.

CLIMACTERIC, CLIMACTERICAL, annus climactericus: annus ætatis, quern κλιμακτηρικόν appellant (Censorinus, de die nat„ Gellius, 15, 7; especially the sixty-third year). The climacterical years, anni climacterici: gradus ætatis humanæ (Censorinus): scansilis annorum lex, quam κλιμακτῆρις appellant (Plinius, 7, 49, 50). One’s climacteric or climacterical year, tempus climactericum. Any body is in his climacterical year, habet aliquis climactericum tempus (Plinius, Ep., 2, 20, 4): to be in one’s first, second climacterical year, in primo, secundo, etc., ætatis gradu esse (Censorinus).

CLIMATE, || with reference to temperature, cœlum: natura cœli: temperatio cœli (Columella). The variableness of the climate, cœli varietas: aëris qualitas (nature of the air): aër (the air itself).

Climate is often translated by regio when “a district” is spoken of with reference to its climate. A healthy climate, cœli salubritas, cœlum salubre: aër salubris: an unhealthy climate, aër pestilens; cœli gravitas: the healthy climate of a country, salubris loci natura (opposed to pestilens natura loci). A mild climate, temperatio or temperies cœli; temperata cœli regio; aër temperatus calore or frigore: a warm climate, aër calidus: a cold climate, aër frigidus: regio refrigerata: to live in a warm climate, soli vicinum esse: to be born in a cold climate, refrigerata regione nasci.OBSERVE, clima, n. (κλίμα = inclinatio cœli, Vitruvius), was not used in this sense till the time of Appuleius, etc. || Region, vid.

CLIMAX, gradatio (κλὶμαξ).

CLIMB, scandere: up, into, etc., scandere aliquid or in aliquid (e.g.. the walls, muros; the rampart, in aggerem): conscendere with accusative (with reference to remaining on the top of the thing ascended; e.g., equum, navem): ascendere aliquid or in aliquid (to climb up till the top is reached: a wall, murum; the sides of a ship, navem or in navem): inscendere in aliquid (with reference to being in it after we have ascended: a tree, in arborem: into a carriage, bed, in currum, lectum):escendere in aliquid (with reference to our being raised above the rest, and so distinguished from them, when we are there: the rostra, escendere in rostra, in concionem: the mast, escendere in malum): to climb over, transcendere aliquid (e.g., a wall, maceriem, muros): superare aliquid (if it is a feat of difficulty and labor; e.g., munitiones): evadere in with accusative (to a place, whether with a friendly or hostile purpose): niti or eniti in with accusative (to struggle up to). To climb up to the top of the mountain, evadere in jugum montis; eniti in verticum montis: to the top of the wall, murum or in murum ascendere; in murum (or muros) evadere; in mœnia evadere (both eithr of the defenders or attackers of a city). Hard to climb (of a hill, etc.), aditu difficilis or arduus. FIG., to climb to honors, rank, office, etc., ascendere ad altiorem gradum: promoveri ad, or in ampliorem gradum, or ad ampliora officia: procedere honoribus longius.

CLIMBERS, (herbæ, plantæ, etc.) quæ se arboribus circumvolvunt; quæ claviculis suis, tamquam manibus, quicquid sunt nactæ, apprehendunt (after Cicero., De Seneca,, 52).

CLINCH, To clinch a nail, perhaps *clavum per asciam (tabulam, etc.) adactum retundere. To clinch the fist, digitos comprimere pugnumque facere: compri mere in pugnum manum (opposed to manum explicare): to clinch an argument, argumentum breviter astringere (Cicero put it in a concise, striking form): argumentum etiam atque etiam premere (to press it vigorously; fix it fast by repetition).|| Grasp in the hand, vid. GRASP.

CLINCH, || double entendre, ambiguitas verbi or verborum: suspicio ridiculi abscondita (Cicero).

CLINCHER, || clamp, vid. || An irrefragable argument, argumentum breviter astrictum (concisely and forcibly put): argumentum luce clarius.

CLING, adhærere (alicui rei; also ad aliquid, of clinging to what one will not leave, Cæs.; also of properties that stick close to a person): inhærere ad aliquid and alicui rei (Cicero.; properly and figuratively, ad saxa, Cicero.; visceribus, Cicero):adhærescere ad aliquid, alicui rei, also in aliqua re (ad aliquam disciplinam, Cicero. ad
saxum, Cicero): to cling to (an opinion, etc.), manere, permanere, perstare in aliqua re; ab aliqua re non discedere; non mutare, immuture aliquid: to cling obstinately to anything, aliquid mordicus tenere (e.g., to words, verba, Cicero). || To be given up to a pursuit, adhærescere alicui rei or ad aliquam rem: amplector or amplexus teneo aliquid. To cling to justice and honor, justitiæ honestatique adhærescere; justitiam et virtutem amplecti: to cling to anything too fondly, nimio amore aliquid amplexus teneo: men who cling to cirtain traditional opinions, certis quibusdam destinatisque sententiis quasi addicti et consecrati.To cling to anybody’s party, deditum, addictum esse, favere, studere alicui; favere alicujus partibus; studiosum esse alicujus; esse e partibus alicujus, etc.

CLINGY, lentus. Vid. CLAMMY.

CLINIC, lecto affixus.

CLINK, tinnire: sonare.

CLINK, s., tinnitus: sonitus.

CLIP, || hug, complecti, amplecti.|| Shear, crop, tondere, detondere; resecare (cut away), circumcidere (cut round): præcidere (cut off the end): decurtare (to cut short, and so mutilate, Cicero): detruncare. To clip one’s wings, pennas alicui incidere or intercidere. To clip trees, arbores putare or amputare (lop, prune; opposed to immittere), decacuminare (to lop them), detruncare (to lop, Licinius), collucare, interlucure (thin it below), sublucare (general term), intervellere (thin it by pulling or cutting out boughs here and there), tondere (clip, as a hedge). To clip coin, nummos circumcidere.To clip words, literas, syllabas opprimere.FIG., take away useless matter (of a writing. etc.). resecare, circumcidere.præcidere, amputare, circumscribere.coercere. To clip away gaudy ornaments, ambitiosa recidere. To clip (general term, i.e., to reduce, lessen), minuere, imminuere, deminuere. extenuare: detrahere, deminuere aliquid de aliqua re.

CLIQUE, sodalitas: sodales.

CLOAK. Vid. CLOKE.

CLOCK, horologium (ὡρολόγιον, general term for any instrumeat for telling the time). A clock goes, *horologium movetur: a clock is right, horologii lineæ congruunt ad horas (of a sun-dial, in Plinius.): horologii virgula congruit ad horas (of our clock). A clock is wrong, horologii virgula non congruit mi horas:goes too fast, tuo slow, *horologium celerius or tardius movetur: strikes, *horologium sono indicat horas: to set a clock, horologium diligenter ordinare: to wind up a clock, *horologium intendere: the clock has stopped, horologium moveri desiit: the clock is down, *horologium devolutum est (Reichard). What o’clock is it ? hora quota est ? at what o’clock ? hora quota ? or quota ? only. It has struck five o’clock, *hora quinta audita est: they bring word that it is five o’clock, hora quiuta nunciatur (Suetonius, Dom., 16):to ask what o’clock it is. horas (not horam) requirere: to ask anybody what o’clock it is. quærere horas ab aliquo: to send anybody to see what o’clock it is, mittere ad horas. Hands of a clock, *horologii virgulæ: works of a clock, machinatio, qua horæ moventur (after Cicero, N. D., 2, 38, 97). A man who is like clock-work, homo observantissimus omnium officiorum (Plinius.):*qui omnia ad tempus diligentissime agit or administrat. || Water-clock, clepsydra (κλεψυδρα). The water-clock has run out, clepsydra exhausta est (Kraft), or extremum stillicidium exhausit (Seneca). OBSERVE, Cicero applies solarium as general term even to a water-clock, quum solarium aut descriptum (sun-dial), aut ex aqua (water-clock), contemplere.

CLOCK-CASE, *theca horologii.

CLOCK-MAKER, artifex horologiorum. Vid. Plinius, 7, 60, 60.

CLOCK-MAK1NG, ars horologia faciendi (after Plinius, 7, 60, 60).

CLOCK-WORK, machinatio, qua horæ moventur (according to Cicero, N. D., 2, 38, 97). To be like clock-work, observantissimum esse omnium officiorum: omnia ad tempus diligentissime agere or administrare.A man who is like clock-work, homo, qui, tamquam lineæ solarii (or virgulæ borologii), ad horas semper congruit. Vid. under CLOCK.

CLOD, gleba, diminutive glebula (of earth; also a lump of other substances, as pitck, etc.): globus, diminutive globulus (general term for any round mass; also of flour). || A clown, homo rusticus:stipes: caudex (as abusive epithets against a person).

CLODDY (of the soil), glebosus (opposed to tener).

CLOD PATE, CLOD-POLL, vid. CLOD (= clown).

CLOG, impedire: impedimentum afferre alicui rei faciendæ (general term):obstare or officere alicui and alicui rei alicujus (the former, merely to be in the way; the latter, implying a hostile manner).To clog a person’s plans, alicujus consiliis obstare or officere (with the difference just mentioned): onerare aliquem or aliquid aliqua re: gravare aliquem aliqua re (to load or burden with: gravare poetical, also aliquid me gravat: e.g.. officium, Horatius):*nimium onus imponere alicui; *nimio pondere onerare aliquem: to be clogged with business, negotiis obrutum or oppressum esse. Vid., also, “to be a clog,” under CLOG, s.

CLOG. s., compes (fetter). || Clogs for walking in, *tegumenta calceorum (after Col, 1, 8, 18, who gives tegmina pedum for shoes). Wooden clogs, sculponeæ (high wooden shoes worn by slaves, etc. Cato De Re rustica, 59, and 135; Plautus, Casina, 2, 8, 59). || A hinderance, impedimentum (general term): onus (weight): mora (delay). To be a clog to anybody or anything, moram alicui or alicui rei afferre:esse in mora: inferre moram et impedimentum: to be a great clog to anybody, multam alicui moram afferre: to anything, moram et tarditatem afferre alicui rei (e.g., bello. Cicero.).

CHOISTER,cœnobium (Scriptores Ecclesiastici): monasterium (later and general term). To go into a cloister. *in cœtum monachorum or monacharum recipi. || A portico, porticus (from porta, on account of the many doors, as it were, formed by the columns was a covered walk, gallery, or hall, supported by columns, which the Romans had contiguous to their houses for walks, especially round the temples and public buildings, in order to be sheltered from rain). OBSERVE, peristylium was an uncovered space in the middle of a house surrounded by porticoes.

CLOISTRAL, monasterialis (quite late), or circumlocution with genitive; e.g., cœnobitarum or monachorum (of the monks), or cœnobii or monasterii (of the cloister). CLOKE, CLOAK, amiculum (large, wide, but short and open in front, worn by women. Livius, 27, 4, and 34, 7, as well as by men, Nepos, Dat., 3, 2): pallium, diminutive, palliolum (the wide Grecian cloak worn in earlier times at Rome by women only, later by men also. Cf. The pallium was likewise used to rest or sleep on; he who wears such a cloak, palliatus):pænula (a narrower garment with a cape to it, worn, as a protection against the inclemency of the weather, by people of both sexes and of every age, station, and rank; especially on journeys, on the march; it likewise served as either upper or under bed cavering; vid. Seneca,, Ep., 87, 2: he that wears it, pænulatus): lacerna (thick woolen cloak, consisting of a single piece of cloth, worn as a protection against cold and rain, as well in war as in time of peace: he that wears it, lacernatus) : læna (χλαὶνα, similar to the lacerna, only occurs in the poets of the Silver Age): paludamentum, sagum, diminutive sagulum (the proper war-habit of the Romans; the paludamentum, longer and wider; the sagum. shorter and narrower: generally, paludamentum is used in speaking of the war-cloak of the general: he that wears it, paludatus; sagatus or sagulatus): chlamys (χλαμύς, the war-dress of the Greeks, especially of the Greek caralry, quite similar to the sagum; it was entirely open in front, and is only used when speaking of Greeks: in later times a cloak, similar to the war-dress of the Greeks, worn by women, boys, and Citharœdi, etc.):abolla (double, or, rather, a lined cloak, which also served as a bed-cover, used by tracelers, soldiers, and also philosophers):palla (the state-cloak, or dress-cloak, of the Roman ladies; also worn by actors on the stage and singers: he that wears it, palla amictus): gausapa: amphimalla (winter-cloak of thick stuff; the gausapa shaggy on one side, and the amphimalla on both: they were introduced about the time of Plinius; vid. Hist. Sat., 8, 48, 73): endromis, idis, f. (a thick, warm cloak, which generally was put on by runners, prize fighters, and people who had been playing at ball, etc., after the game, to save themselves from taking cold). To wear a cloak, amiculo circumdatum esse; pallium, etc., gestare: pallio, etc., amictum esse: to put on one’s cloak with taste (i.e., with regard to the folds it makes), collocare chlamydem, ut apte pendeat (Ovidius, Met., 2, 733): pallium or pallam componere (after Horatius., Sat., 2, 3, 77: Quintilianus, 11, 3, 156): to put on another cloak, pallium commutare: to take up one’s cloak, pallium attollere: pallium colligere (to keep it clean). FIG., || pretext, species (by which one endeavors to gire whatever is evil or suspicious the appearance of innocence): prætextus only used in post-Augustan age instead of simulatio (alicujus rei), pretext, cloak under which one conceals the truth: to cover a very bad thing with the cloak of integrity, bonesta præscriptione rem turpissimam tegere: to wrap one’s self in the cloak of virtue, virtute se involvere (Horatius, Od., 3, 29, 55): to cover anything with the cloak of charity, aliquid humanitate tegere (Nepos, Dion, 2, 4). Vid., also, PRETEXT.

CLOKE, CLOAK, v., || conceal by a pretext (any thing), rem involucris tegere et quasi velis obtendere. also velare rem only. To cloak anything with anything, prætendere aliquid alicui rei:rem tegere or occultare aliqua re: rem excusatione alicujus rei tegere (by excuses; vid. Cicero, Læl.,
12, 43): rem in alicujus rei simulationem conferre (c. g, timorem in rei frumentariæ simulatione in conferebant. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 40): rem colorare nomine aliquo (Valerius Maximus, 8, 2, 2): to endeavor to cloak anything, velamentum alicui rei quærere (Seneca, De Vit. Beat., 12): to cloak an infamous thing. honesta præscriptione rem turpem tegere: rei deformi dare colorem (both =palliate or to make plausible, to give an external coloring, Cæsar, B. G., 3, 32; Quintilianus, 3, 8, 44):to cloak one’s crime with fine words, splendida verba prætendere culpæ suæ (Ovidius, Rem., 240): integumentis involvere aliquid; nomine alicujus rei aliquid involvere (both Valerius Maximus): nomine alicujus rei tegere atque velare aliquid (e.g.. cupiditatem suam. Cicero).

CLOAK-BAG, CLOKE-BAG, averta (a sort of great portmanteau; later times of the emperors: a horse that carries it, avertarius): mantica: hippoperæ (saddle-bags, Horatius, Sat., 1, 6, 106; Seneca,, Ep., 87, 7: hippopera, the singular, is erroneous).

CLOSE, TR., || to shut, claudere:operire (opposed to aperire): ostium or fores operire: to close the gates against anybody, claudere alicui portas: to close the eyes, oculos claudere (properly, to close the eyes forever; i.e., to die): oculos operire (properly, to close the eyes, of people who are going to sleep): pupulos claudere (properly, of the eyelids): to close the line of march, agmen claudere or cogere: the ranks are closed, ordines densantur: κυρικιμασαηικοto march with closed ranks, munito agmine incedere (Sallustius, Jug., 46, 3): to close anybody in one’s arms [vid. EMBRACE]. || To terminate or to bring to an end, finem facere with Gerund in … di; e.g., to close a letter, a speech, scribendi, dicendi finem facere: finem alicui rei imponere, constituere: perorare (of a speech): to close one’s life, vitam finire; vita excedere; diem supremum obire: ad finem or exitum adducere aliquid: finire aliquid: terminare aliquid (to put an end to, with reference to space): finem or modum imponere alicui rei; finem statuere or constituere alicui rei (with reference to time): epistolam concludere (a letter): to close a controversy, controversiam dirimere: to close an account, conficere rationem et consolidare: to close a beirgain, negotium conficere or conficere ct absolvere (for one’s self): negotium procurare (for anybody): I close the bargain with anybody, de pretio inter nos convenit:the bargain was closed, de pretio inter ementem et vendentem convenit || To CLOSE IN: to close in with a wall, muro (muris) sepire; mœnibus cingere: to close in with a rampart and ditch, sepine vallo et fossa: the enemy. hostem circum venire; locorum augustiis claudere (in defiles): to be closed in by anything, aliqua re cingi, circumdari, contineri. [Vid. ENCLOSE]. || To CLOSE UP, claudere:intercludere: præcludere (intercludere in the middle, præcludere in front): obstruere (to close up, by anything erected for that purpose, the access to anything or place): alicui aditum intercludere or præcludere (to anybody): viam præcludere (in front): viam obstruere (to barricade, as it were, or obstruct): iter intercludere or interrumpere (to the enemy on his march): iter obsepire (to close up by a wall, hedge, or any boundary; also by troops): INTR., coire (e.g., of the eyelids, wounds. etc.): florem suum comprimere (of flowers). || To CLOSE WITH: to come into close quarters, manum conserere: ad manum accedere: cominus pugnare (gladiis): cominus gladiis uti: manu decertare (all these = to fight close together. or to come to close quarters with the sword, after the commencement of the fight with javelins, arrows, etc.): inter se (collatis signis) concurrere: prælium committere (mostly of two hostile armies): (armis) congredi cum aliquo: (manu) confilgere cum aliquo: ferrum et manus conferre cum aliquo; signa conferre cum aliquo (all. e.g., cum hostibus). || To coalesce coalescere: couglutinari.

CLOSE, s., || inclosure, septum: conseptum: locus septus: cohors or cors, in manuscripts, also chors (hurdles for cattle, and a place fenced round with hurdles. etc., whether movable or not). || A small field, agellus: ager conseptus, Cicero.|| Conclusion (or point where anything has ended), finis: extremum: terminus: exitus [SYN. in END]: clausula (the close of a sentence or letter): at the close of the speech, in extrema oratione: at the close of a book, in extremo libro: at the close of the year, extremo anno (or extremo anni); also exeunte anno: at the close of the month of June, extremo mense Junio (not ultimo mense, which signifies in the month of June of last year): at the close, in fine: in extremo (with reference to space); also ad ulrimum: ad extremum (at the very close). To bring anything to a close, finem alicui rei afferre: aliquid ad finem adducere or perducere; aliquid absolvere (to effect or complete in all its parts): aliquid transigere (a bargain, a business):aliquid profligare (with the accessory notion of dispatch): conficere: perficere: consummare aliquid.

CLOSE, adj, || shut, clausus. || Confined (formed by the past participle of the verbs meaning to confine, vid.). || Reserved, taciturnus: tectus: occultus:occultus et tectus: close to anybody, tectus ad aliquem: cautus (in speaking):timidus (timid): frigidus (cold). || Solid, densus: condensus (consisting of closely adhering parts: opposed to rarus): spissus (of parts which hardly admit any interstices to be visible, almost impenetrable; opposed to solutus): solidus (of a firm mass, compact; opposed to cassus, pervius):confertus (crammed, as it were; opposed to rarus): arctior or artior (closer): a close battle-array, acies condensa, conferta:with close ranks, munito agmine (e.g., to march, incedere. Sallustius, Jugurtha, 46, 3). || Concise, pressus (figuratively, of an author, orator, etc., and his style): brevis (brief, also of an orator, etc.): concisus sententiæ (e.g., of thoughts): sententiis densus, creber (rich in ideas: Thucydides creber rerum frequentia, concise from the richness of thoughts). || Narrow, angustus (not wide: opposed to latus): artus (more correct than arctus, confined, limited; opposed to laxus): contractus (contracted, more cognate with angustus than with artus; hence (The words are found in this connection and order). contractus et angustus. e.g., Nilus): perangustus (very close): close writing (e.g., on the margin of the pages), paginæ contractio (Cicero, Att., 5, 4, extr.):close packing, hominum in angusto sedentium coartatio (after Livius., 27, 46, of the close sitting in the theatre): close meaning of a word, *angustior vocis notio: to make close, *angustum reddere; angustare; coartare: contrabere: to become close, in artius coire: the limits of the world are too close (narrow) for him, orbis terrarum eum non capit (after Curtius, 7, 8, 12): close together; e.g., to range the ships close together, naves in arto stipare: a close garment, vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens, or vestis astricta. || Intimate:to be with a person on the closest terms of friendship, artissimo amicitiæ vinculo cum aliquo conjunctum esse; familiarissime uti aliquo: the closest ties of friendship, artissima amicitiæ vincula: to form a close intimacy with anybody, sibi conjungere aliquem familiari amicitia: I am on terms of close intimacy with anybody, magna est mihi cum aliquo familiaritas, also familiaritate magna, or arta, or intima, or maxima cum aliquo conjunctum esse; magno usu familiaritatis cum aliquo conjunctum esse; arta familiaritate complecti aliquem: to live with anybody on terms of close intimacy, aliquo familiariter or intime uti; in familiaritate alicujus versari. also vivere cum aliquo (vid. Cicero, Tusc., 1, 33, 81, Wolf): a close relation, propinqua cognatione conjunctus: a very close relation, proximus cognatione or propinquitate; arta propinquitate conjunctus.|| Parsimonious, parcus:tenax: parcus et tenax: restrictus: restrictus et tenax: malignus (close toward others): very close, præparcus: to be close, parce vivere (live closely): parcere with dative: parcum, tenacem esse with genitive: parrce ac tenuiter vivere. || Dull (of the weather), gravis (heavy); nubilus (cloudy; e.g., cœlum; day, dies): subnubilus (somewhat cloudy). || Attentive, attentus: intentus: perattentus (stronger term): to this and similar considerations close attention ought to be paid, hæc et talia circumspicienda sunt: to listen with close attention to anything, perattente audire aliquid: to pay (he closest attention to one’s studies, totum se abdere in literas.Often by omni or summo studio; studiosissime; enixissime; e.g., to pay close attention to one’s books, summo studio discere; animo sequi aliquid: to pay close attention to what anybody says, diligenter attendere, attente, or attento animo, or sedulo audire aliquem; præbere se alicui attentum auditorem; adesse animo (animis), erigere mentem (mentes) auresque et aliquem dicentem attendere (of those who pay close attention to an orator).|| Near, propinquus; vicinus (of place, less frequent with reference to time): fioitimus (with dative): prope: in propinquo (close to anything): to be close to, prope esse (general term): propinquum or vicinum esse (with reference to time and place): non longe abesse: in propinquo adesse: subesse (of place and time):closer, propius adesse: to be close at hand, appetere (i.e., to approach, of time, a day, night, season, etc.): to be very close, supra caput esse: in cervicibus esse: in capite et in cervicibus esse (of place, time, and events; vid. Herzog, Sallustius, Catilius, 52, 22): to lie or be situated close by, prope, or in propinquo jacere, or situm esse: prope esse:non longe abesse: subesse: to stand close by anybody, non longe abesse ab aliquo: quite close by, juxta; secundum (close by, indicating a direction, along . . .):close to or by the shore,
prope ripam, secundum ripam (along; e.g., navigare):very close to or by, proxime a with ablative or alone with accusative): continens (of place; e.g., continens alicui loco or cum aliquo loco), Cf. Affinis in the above meaning is not met with in classic prose:conterminus and contiguus only used by poets and later writers. || “To come to close quarters;” vid. “to close with,” under the verb To CLOSE.

CLOSE-FISTED, CLOSE-HANDED, [Vid. CLOSE, adj.] = parsimonious.

CLOSELY, || in a reserved manner, timide: caute. || Thickly,etc., dense:spisse: solide: confertim: arctius. || Concisely, presse. || Narrowly, anguste: arcte: to write closely, arte (or arcte) scribere; paginam contrahere (i.e., for the purpose of getting room on the page or sheet for what one has to say). || Parsimoniously, parce: maligne: tenuiter.(The words are found in this connection and order), parce ac tenuiter (e.g., vivere, to live closely). ||In a diligent, attentive manner, omni or summo studio; studiose; studiosissime; enixissime: to attend closely to his books, summo studio discere:to examine anything closely, to look closely into anything, intentis oculis aliquid intueri; intueri aliquid acri et attento animo (Cicero): aliquid studiose intueri (e.g., rerum naturam, Cicero).

CLOSENESS, || density of substance, etc., crassitudo: densitas (thickness): spissitas (closeness approaching to impenetrability). || Taciturnity, taciturnitas: pectus clausum. || Nearness, propinquitas: vicinia (neighborhood).|| Closeness of an intimacy or connection, mostly by conjunctio with a proper adjective (magna, summa, tanta, quanta, etc.): he had often heard from me what a delightful closeness of intimacy there was between us, sæpe ex me audierat, quam suavis esset inter nos et quanta conjunctio: this closeness of our intimacy, hæc nostra conjunctio. The greatest possible closeness of intimacy, artissima (cum aliquo) summæ conjunctionis vincula: to have a great closeness of intimacy with anybody, arte (artissime) cum aliquo conjungi.|| Parsimony, parsimonia (in anything, alicujus rei): tenacitas (close-fistedness: *Livius, 34, 7, 4): malignitas (the niggardliness that withholds from others the full measure of what is due to them). || Of a room, the air, etc.: gravitas. || Cogency of an argument, auctoritas (vid. Quintilianus, 10, 1, 111), or by cincumlocution to use great closeness of argument, firma ad probandum argumenta afferre; gravissima et firmissima argumenta afferre.

CLOSE-STOOL, lasanum: sella pertusa, also sella only.

CLOSET, conclave (general term for room): cubiculum minus or secretius.; zotheca [SYN. in CABINET]. To venture into a closet, committere se in conclave, cubiculum, etc. (not ”to retire into one’s closet,” for which Mr. Riddle gives it). To go or retire into a closet, in conclave, cubiculum, etc., ire (Cicero), with anybody, cum aliquo. || Cupboard, vid.

CLOSET, v., To have been closeted with anybody (literally), in idem conclave, *or in cubiculum secretius, cum aliquo esse, or (figuratively) sine arbitris cum aliquo locutum esse; in consilium ab aliquo adhibitum esse.

CLOT, massa (e.g., of pitch, picia, Vergilius): gleba (e.g., turis, Luir.; picis, Cæsar; sevi, Cæsar): glebula, massula. A clot of blood, sanguis concretus (Ovidius).*concreti sanguinis particula.

CLOT, v., coire: concrescere: spissari (The words are found in this connection and order). spissari et in densitatem coire: coagulari (properly by rennet, as milk; thereof any liquid mass, made to coagulate in any way).

Clotted milk, lac gelatum, congelatum: hair clotted with blood, crines concreti sanguine.

CLOTH, pannus: woolen cloth, panuus laneus: linen cloth, pannus linteus: lintea, plural. Stout cloth, pannus duplex.Fine cloth, pannus tenuior (opposed to pannus crassior).

Cotton cloth, perhaps *pannus xylinus (vid. CALICO]: hair-cloth, cilicium.A cloth manufactory, panni officina.|| Table-cloth, linteum in mensa ponendum or positum (vid. Apuleius, Apologia, 308, 19), or only *mensæ linteum. To lay the cloth, *mensam linteo sternere (after Martialis, 14, 138): triclinium sternere (to prepare the dinner sofas, after the ancient fashion). || Cloth of state, aulæum.

CLOTHE, vestire: convestire (properly with a garment, then with other covering): veste tegere: veste induere aliquem: vestem induere alicui (to put a garment on anybody): veste aliquem amicire (with an article of dress that is not drawn on, but thrown round). To clothe one’s self, induere sibi vestem or se veste:veste indui (of clothes that are drawn on):veste se amicire (of garments thrown around): to clothe one’s self in anything, vestiri, amiciri aliqua re (according to the distinction just given, poetically velari aliqua re): to clothe one’s self in the Roman garb, or according to the Roman fashion, Romano habitu uti: to clothe one’s self no better than a slave, se non servo melius vestire: to be clothed in purple and gold, insignem auro et purpura conspici.The earth is clothed wih flowers, terra vestitur floribus: the meadows are clothed with grass, herbis prata convestiuntur.

CLOTHES, vestes: vestimenta: tegumenta corporis. [Vid. DRESS, GARMENT.]To change one’s clothes, vestimenta mutare. To be fond of fine clothes, nimio in dulgere vestitui; vestes emere sumtuosius (after Plinius. Ep., 9, 12. init.). PROV. Clothes make the man, homo ex veste, aut ex conditione, quæ vestis nobis cireum data est, vulgo æstimatur (after Seneca, Ep., 47, 14). The expense of one’s clothes, sumtus vestium. The servant who looks after one’s clothes, vestispex (Inscriptions: feminine, vestispica): capsarius (the slave who looked after his master’s clothes while he bathed).Old fashioned clothes, vestitus obsoletus. To send one’s clothes to the wash, vesteslavandas dare: dirty or foul clothes, *lintea sordida. To male clothes, vestes conficere: to mend or patch them, resarcire:to put them on [vid. To CLOTHE]: to take them off, exuere (of clothes that are drawn on), ponere, deponere (of clothes that are flung round one; e.g., ponere tunicam, Cicero): to leave off clothes, vestes abjicere, rejicere, deponere: to tear clothes, vestes discindere: to take, pull, or strip a man’s clothes off, vestes alicui detrahere: to buy new clothes, novam sibi parare vestem. A full suit of clothes, synthesis ( Scaevola, Dig., 34, 2, 38: Mart., 2, 46, 4): plenus, justus vestitus (Kraft).

Clothes-brush, peniculus or penicillius. OBS., the ancients used for this purpose eithir cauda bubula (a cow’s tail for brushiug off the dust), or erinacei cutis (the skin of a hedge-hog for making them smooth). || Clothes-press, armarium noi scrinium), the ancients kept them either in a chest, arca vestiaria, or in a room or closet for the purpose. vestiarium. || Bed-clothes, vestimenta stragula, or from contaxt stragula only (stragulum was under the sleeper, opertorium above him, Seneca).

CLOTHIER, *panni textor. || Seller of clothes, qui pannos vendit. To be a clothier, pannos vendere, venditare.

CLOTHING, vestitus: vestimenta: cultus: vestis ornatus (as ornamented). Vid.CLOTHES.

CLOTTED, concretus. Vid. To CLOT.

CLOTT-POLL, stipes: caudex: asinus.

CLOTTY, [vid. CLOTTED].|| Of land, glebosus (opposed to tener).

CLOUD, nubes (also, improperly, e.g., of dust, nubes pulveris; of locusts, nubes locustarum). To fall from the clouds, de cœlo delabi; ex astris delabi or decidere.The sky was covered with thick (dark, dense) clouds, cœlum erat grave sordidis nubibus: to see as through a cloud, cernere quasi per caliginem: to form (or form themselves into) a cloud, in nubem cogi. PROV., he seemed (to himself) to have fallen from the clouds, *in alium quendam orbem delatus sibi videbatur. FIG., to throw a cloud over anything, caliginem alicui rei (e.g., alicujus animo) offundere. || In precious stones, etc., nubes: vena. || Great multitude (magna) copia: multitudo.OBS., nubes must not be used unless the image of a cloud is preserved; as in nubes locustarum. since they darken the air like a cloud; of birds, volucrum; of infantry and cavalry, equitum peditumque.

CLOUD, v, nubibus obducere. The sky is clouded over, cœlum nubibus obducitur; nubilatur: nubilare cœpit. FIG., anybody’s brow is clouded over, oculi alicujus tristitiæ quuddam nubilum ducunt (Quintilianus, 11, 3, 75). A clouded brow, frons contracta (wrinkled forehead): vultus tristis: frons nubila (sad, serious look; the latter Martialis, 2, 11.)

CLOUDED, nubilus: obnubilus.

CLOUDINESS,

Circumlocution.

Cloudiness of brow. frons contracta. etc.

CLOUDLESS, nubibus vacuus; serenus (calm, fine).

CLOUDY, nubilus: obnubilus. The sky is becoming cloudy, cœlum nubibus obducitur: nubilatur; nubilare cœpit|| Of marble, etc., venosus.

CLOUT, panuus, diminutive panniculus: lacinia (properly the lappet of a dress; then any pendent piece of cloth or other substance).

CLOUT, v., (male) sarcire, resarcire:pannum assuere (to stitch on a patch).

Clouted, pannis obsitus (covered with clouts).

CLOVE, caryophyllum or garyophyllum (Plinius., 12, 7, 15, according to Vincent): according to Sprengel, the trifoliate mullein: *caryophyllus aromaticus (Linnæus). || Clove of garlic, nucleus allii.

CLOVEN, Vid. CLEAVE, end.

CLOVER, trifolium. A clover-field, *ager trifolio consitus. PROV., to live in clover, in æterua rosa vivere (Martialis): in omnium rerum affluentibus copiis vivere:circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantia vivere.

CLOWN, rusticus (the peasant, as well with reference to his occupation as to his manners, opposed to urbanus): agrestis (the peasant
with regard to his dwelling and manners, Cf. The rusticus violates merely the conventional, but the agrestis also the common laws of civility): he is a mere clown, merum rus est (comedy): homo agrestis, stipes, caudex (as abusive epithets).|| On the stage (in farces), qui partes ridendas agit (after Petronius, 80, 9).

CLOWNISH, rusticus [SYNON. in CLOWN.]: rusticanus (milder than rusticus; resembling those who live in the country, or what bears the stamp or impression found in the country: “countrified”): inurbanus: inhumanus (without refinement or polish): incultus (without civilization): clownish conduct, comportment, etc., rusticitas (Silver Age): clownish manners, mores rustici: clownish voice or pronunciation, vox rustica (unrefined, or void of polish), et agrestis (rough, vulgar): sonus vocis agrestis: clownish bashfulness (unbecoming, or not in its place), rusticitas (the French ” manvaise honte”). [Vid. RUSTIC] In a clownish manner, rustice, e.g., rustice loqui, facere, etc. (to speak, act in a clownish manner).

CLOWNISHNESS, rusticitas: inurbanitas: inhumanitas [SYN. in CLOWNISH]: mores inculti or rustici: verba rustica (of words), vid. also the substantives under CLOWNISH: to be guilty of clownishness in one’s conduct or manners, ab humanitate abhorrere.

CLOY, satiare (to cause anybody to have enough of anything, properly and figuratively) with anything, aliqua re:satarare (to fill so that the person is incapable of taking any more, properly and figuratively) with anything, aliqua re: exsatiare (to satisfy fully, vino ciboque, Livius): exsaturare (Cicero, saturare strengthened).To cloy one’s self, se usque ad nauseam ingurgitare: vino ciboque exsatiari.I am cloyed with anything, satietas alicujus rei me tenet: me tædet or pertæsum est alicujus rei (am wearied of it even to loathing): explere (to fill, quench, properly and improperly): satietatem or fastidium afferre: satietatem creare: fastidium movere alicui; tædium afferre; tædio officere aliquem; nauseam facere.

CLUB, || as means of defence, or weapon, clava: club-bearer, qui clavam gerit (poetically, claviger): fustis (a long piece of wood for thrashing), fustibus tundere, but especially as instrument for corporeal punishment and inflicting death, as military punishment, Plautus, Cicero, etc. [vid. Lex. fustuarium], centurionem fusti percutere, Velleius: decimum quemque fusti necare or ferire, Tacitus): baculum nodosum (after Valerius Maximus, 2, 78, who has ictus nodosus, i.e., a stroke with it): baculum cum nodo (after Livius, 1, 18, who has the contrary to it, viz., baculum sine nodo).|| Society, circulus (general term, a social circle): factio (a political club or society, forming a party in the state, like that of the Jacobins in Paris, vid. Trajan, Plinius, Ep., 10, 36): globus consensionis (of conspirators): sodalitas: sodalitium (any society of friends or comrades; e.g.. at Rome of certain priests to perform some secret worship attended by a feast, Greek εταιρεια, which Traj., Plinius., Ep., la 36 (43), 1, also makes use of in Latin): collegium (a corporation; e.g., of mechanics, tradesmen, etc.): a literary club, *societas doctorum hominum: cœtns, conventus hominum or amicorum (general term for any assembly): consessus (for a given purpose):sessiuncula (o meeting, Cicero, Fin., 5, 20, 56, where he joins the words circuli et sessiunculæ): acroasis (club of literary men, where one of the members reads anything aloud to the assembly) [vid., aiso. SOCIETY]:member of a club, sodalis (especially for the purpose of feasting. playing. etc.): vir factionis (of political party): socius (for serious purposes): homo ejusdem corporis (Livius, 4, 9): the members of our, his, etc., club, nostri or sui corporis homines (vid. Livius, 6, 34), or nostri, sui. only (vid. Livius, 4, 57), *homo de circulo. || Share of a reckoning (especially incurred by feasting, etc.), *sumtus comissationis (not compotationis): to pay for the whole club, *comissationis sumtus facere (properly): symbola. e.g., to pay one’s club. *symbolam solvere:*pro hospitio solvere (at an inn).

CLUB, v., conferre ad or in aliquid:pecuniam dare ad aliquid: pecuniam or stipem conferre: collationem facere: in commune, in publicum conferre.

CLUB-FOOT, tali pravi (Horatius, Sat., 1, 3, 48): tali exstantes (Schol.). CLUB-FOOTED, scaurus (Horatius and others): talis pravis or exstantibus (Horatius, Sat., 1. 3, 48, Schol).

CLUB LAW, Vis.

CLUCK, singultire (of a hen when leading her young ones, Columella, 8. 11, 15): glocire (of a hen when sitting. Columella, 8, 5, 4).

CLUCKING, singultus.

CLUCKING-HEN, gallina singultiens or glociens. SYN. in CLUCK.

CLUE, Vid. CLEW. CLUMP, massa: gleba [SYN. in CLOD:massula, glebula (of smaller size). || A group (e.g., of trees), silvula (Columella, 8, 15): arbores condensæ: locus arboris condensus.

CLUMSILY, inepte: incommode: inscite: raste: to be clumsily made, vasto esse corpore (of men and beasts): inscite factum esse (of things): iucondite: inficete: incomposite: illiberaliter: inurbane: rustice: to act clumsily, corporis motu esse agrestem: rustice se præbere (to behave clumsily). also rustice facere:to dance clumsily, minus commode saltare: not to behave clumsily, non incommode se gerere: crasse: insulse: inele ganter: illepide: invenuste.

CLUMSINESS, species informis or vasta (unwieldiness): inhabilis moles vasti corporis (unwieldy bulk of body. Curtius, 9, 2, 21): rusticita: inurbanitas (not illiberalitas): inhumanitas (of manners), also mores inculti or rustici (inelegantia only found in Gaius, Instit, 1, § 84, Goesch.):crassitudo (of size): duritas (in speech, i.e.., expression, of a verse. etc.): to have more clumsiness than strength, carnis plus habere quam lacertorum (Quintilianus, of style).

CLUMSY, inhabilis (unmanageable, e.g., of bodies, opposed to habilis): vastus (of living beings and things, e.g.. corpore vasto, of clumsy structure, of animate beings): iners (sluggish, unready, of persons): rusticus (opposed to urbanus, in one’s manners): agrestis (in one’s manners or motions, motus corporis): inhumanus (impolite, uncivilized). (The words are found in this connection and order), agrestis et inhumanus: gravis (heavy, e.g., of speech, lingua): durus (not flowing, e.g., of expression, verse. etc.): informis (ill-shaped): rudis (rough, uncouth): incompositus (not properly arranged). (The words are found in this connection and order), rudis atque incompositus (e.g., of style, etc.):inurbanus (unmannerly): a clumsy fellow, homo agrestis: homo vultu motuque corporis vastus atque agrestis (of external behavior): homo inurbanus, rusticus (ill-bred, unmannerly): to have a clumsy gait or carriage, corporis motu esse agrestem:illiberalis (incongruous with the manners of a well-bred man): clumsy manners, mores rustici: rusticitas: impolitus (not properly wrought or polished): tardus et pæne immobilis (slow and almost immovable, e.g., of an animal): incultus (uncivilized, morally and physically): intonsus (without all breeding). (The words are found in this connection and order). iutonsus et incultus: ineruditus (polished neither by breeding nor education): imperitus (without practical experience): inconditus (not property composed or arranged, as poems, words, verses, etc.): crassus (in opposition to whatever is refined, polished, delicate, etc.): inelegans (especially of style in speaking): lævus (awkward): illepidus (not mannerly): rather clumsy, subrusticus: subagrestis.

CLUSTER, fasciculus (cluster off flowers):uva (of grapes, also of bees, vid. CLUSTER, v.): corymbus (of ivy, and other like plants): racemi (in plural, a cluster of grapes, ivy, etc.; in the singular, racemus is the branch or stalk to which the berries are attached): acervus. cumulus (heap): circulus (cluster of men): corona (ring of men about a speaker): turba (crowd, throng): multitudo in unum conglobata: examen (of bees). In clusters, *uvarum modo: catervatim (in crowds):acervatim (in heaps, etc.). The fruit of others grow in clusters, alia dependent racemis (Plinius.). || Of islands, *insulæ complures: if the name of the islands is mentioned, insulæ only; thus the cluster of the Strophades. Strophades insulæ.

CLUSTER. v, INTR., perhaps*uvarum modo crescere (to grow in clusters): racemis dependere: uvas or racemos ferre or facere. || Of bees, confluere (Vergilius): to cluster on the branches, uvam ramis demittere (Vergilius, Georgica, 4. 568): pedibus per mutua nexis (frondente) ramo pendere (Æn., 7. 67): on a roof, delubri culmine longa uva considere (Juvenalis, 13, 68).Bees clustering on houses or temples, uva dependens in domibus templisve (Plinius, 11, 16). || Assemble in crowds [vid ASSEMBLE, INTR.]: TR., vid. HEAP TOGETHER. CLUSTERLY, *uvæ modo:*uvæ similis.

CLUTCH, || to grasp, manus adhibere alicui rei: manus afferre alicui rei:rapere: arripere aliquid (violently): involare in aliquid (improperly, to fly upou anything for the purpose of taking immediate possession of it; e.g., in alienas possessiones): prehendere (to seize upon anything, to hold it): corripere aliquid (to snatch at anything eagerly. || To double the fist, pugnum facere; comprimere in pugnum manus; digitos comprimere pugnumque facere. Vid. FIST.

CLUTCH, s., a taking, seizing, captura: captus. || Claws (plural), unguis: ungues. FIG., to get into anybody’s clutches, in manus alicujus venire: to tear anything from anybody’s clutches, aliquid ex manibus or ex faucibus alicujus eripere.

CLUTTER, turba (confusion, combined with bustle or noise): strepitus (loud noise): tumultus: tumultuatio (a confused clamor; then, in geniral, the noise caused by a multitude or any single person; the former as state, the latter
as act). (The words are found in this connection and order), strepitus et tumultus: to make a clutter, tumultuari: tumultum facere: quid tumultuaris, soror, atque insauis? quid tumultus or turbæ fuit (e.g., on the market, apud forum)?

CLUTTER, v., strepitum facere or edere: clamare: clamitare.

CLYSTER, clyster (in later writers also clysterium. clysmus, or enema, which are, however, to be avoided): or pure Latin, lotio (Celsus): a clyster of oil, infusio in oleo:to be relieved by a clyster, clystere purgari:to administer a clyster, aliquid clystere injicere or infundere; aliquid clystere infundere per intestinum; aliquid per clysterem immittere; ducere alvum clystere:to administer a clyster of sea-water, with oil or nitre, aquam marinam in alvum infundere, adjecto vel oleo vel nitro (Celsus).

COACERVATE, v., TR., coacervare:construere. Vid. HEAP, v.

COACERVATION, coacervatio: accumulatio; acervatio. Vid. HEAP, s.

COACH, currus (any wheel-carriage to travel in, expeditiously): pilentum (with four wheels, high, hanging on springs [pensilis, Servius, Vergilius, Æneis, 8, 666], with flat top, open on both sides, and painted green, used by matrons in religious processions, etc., vid. Servius, etc.): tensa or thensa (with four wheels, and drawn by four horses, ornamented with ivory and silver, on which the statues of the gods were carried to the circus, and then placed on their pulvinaria): cisium (a light, two-wheeled traveling carriage, with a seat of basket-work; cabriolet): rheda (a Gallic word; a larger four-wheeled coach, with sufficient room for several persons and luggage): epirhedium (a small, one-horsed vehicle, with a sort of wooden arch over the horse to hold up the shaft; vid. Cramer, Schol. Juven., 8, 66): carruca (a rheda for persons of rank, richly ornamented, and probably covered): petoritum or petorritum (an open, four-wheeled Gallic vehicle).A coach and pair, bigæ: a coach and four, quadrigæ: currus quadrigarum (with the horses all four abreast, not, as in our times, two and two): a coach or vehicle with its horses put to it, vehiculum junctum: to ride in a coach, curru vehi; juncto vehiculo vehi; junctis jumentis vehi; to ride in a four-hnrsed coach, quadrigis or curru quadrigarum vehi: to sit in a coach, in vehiculo, curru (etc.) sedere: to drive a coach, currum regere: to some place, currum aliquo flectere: to upset a coach, currum evertere: to stop the conch, currum sustinere: by the coach, curru: curru vectus; in curru (or rheda, etc.) sedens (sitting in the coach): to keep a coach and horses, currum et equos habere: to have (or go in) one’s own coach or carriage, *suo vehiculo (or sua rheda, etc.) uti: in a hackney coach.*meritorio vehiculo or meritoria rheda uti: a stage-coach, vehiculum publicum (i.e., a vehicle coming the nearest to our mail or posting vehicle, used in the times of the emperors):rheda cursualis (post-chaise, time of the emperors) [Vid., also, CARRIAGE, VEHICLE, WAGON]: the body of a coach, capsus (Vitruvius, 10, 9, (14), 2.).

Cf. Ploxemum was rejected by Quintilianus, 1, 5. 8. as a foreign word, used by Catullus only (96, 6):the carriage of a coach, rotæ et axes (opposed to capsus): the seat of a coach, sedile or sella vehiculi or currus [vid. Seneca,, Ep., 70, 20; Phaedrus, 3, 6, 5]: the head of a coach, *tegimentum currus: the pole of a coach, temo.

Coach-box, sella prima; vid. Phaedrus, 3, 6, 5.

COACH-HORSE, equus rhedarius, carrucarius (after Varro, De Re Rustica, 3, 17, 7; Ulpianus, Dig., 21, 1, 38, who has mulus rhedarius and carrucarius, since the ancients used mules, and not horses, except upon state occasions, such as religious processions, etc.): equus vectuarius (any draught horse in general, according to Schneider’s conjecture, Varro, De Re Rustica, 2, 7, 15, in which passage neither vectarius nor vectorius can be the right reading).

COACH-HOUSE, *receptaculum vehiculorum or curruum.

COACH-MAKER, vehicularius, or carpentarius, or rhedarius, or plaustrarius artifex. SYN. in COACH and CARRIAGE.

COACHMAN, rhedarius (driver of a rheda, *Cicero, Mil., 10, 29): carrucarius mulio (driver of a carruca, drawn by mules, *Capitolinus, Mazim. Jun., 4; SYN. of rheda and carruca in COACH): κυρικιμασαηικοauriga (driver of the war-chariot, etc.; poetically, moderator equorum).

COACTION, Vid. COMPULSION.

COACTIVE, Vid. COMPULSORY.

COADJUTOR, adjutor (e.g., as teacher): socius (who partakes or assists in anything): minister: administer (who takes a subordinate part in assisting anybody):collega (in an office): hypodidascalus (usher). (The words are found in this connection and order). minister et adjutor; socius et particeps alicujus rei; servus et minister alicujus rei: to be anybody’s coadjutor, alicujus socium esse in re [compare with To ASSIST]: to appoint a coadjutor to anybody, alicui dare aliquem ad rem adjutorem; aliquem socium sibi adjungere (for one’s self). To employ a coadjutor, aliquem socium adhibere in re (in any business). FEM., adjutrix: socia: ministra. Vid. SYN. above.

COAGULATE, INTR., coire (to run together, and thus coagulate); concrescere (to coagulate by growing, as it were, together): congelari: se congelari (by becoming cold: of any liquid): coagnlari (properly, to be made to coagulate by means of rennet, of milk, etc.; then generally of any liquid): lac gelatum, concretum.TR., coagulare (by rennet): congelare (by cold; used also intransitively by Ovid, Ister congelat).

COAGULATION, coagulntio.

COAL, carbo (general term):*carbo bituminosus (our mineral coal): live coal, pruna; carbo candens or vivus: dead coal, carbo exstinctus, emortuus: to swallow red-hot coals, vivum ignem devorare:the smoke of coals, vapor carbonum: as black as coals, tam ater quam carbo est:piceus (as pitch): qui multo atrior est, quam Ægyptius (of persons). PROV., to carry coals to Newcastle, in silvam ligna ferre (Horatius, Sat., 1, 10, 34).

COAL-DUST, pulvis carbonis.

COAL-HOUSE or HOLE, *cella carbonaria.

COAL-MINE or PIT, fodina (any pit):(perhaps) *fodina carbonaria.

COAL-PAN, foculus (if containing burning coals, foculus fervens):*olla carbonaria (pot, if for the above purpose).

COAL-SCUTTLE or BASKET, *corbis carbonarius.

COAL-SHOVEL, batillum.

COAL-TRADE, negotium carbonarium (Aurelius Victor, De Vir. Ill, 72): to carry on a coal-trade, negotium carbonarium exercere; *carbones vendere or venditare.

COAL-VESSEL or BARGE, *navis carbonaria.

COAL-WAGON, *plaustrum carbonarium.

COALESCE, coalescere, alicui rei (properly, to unite by growing together [of things], or to grow into one; hence, figuratively = to come together, or, simply, to unite; e.g., ut cum patribus coalescerent plebis animi, Livius.): in unius populi corpus coalescere (of a nation): coire (to come or run together): misceri (to mix with, of things) alicui rei or cum aliqua re. Sometimes convenire alicui rei or cum aliqua re (to agree with, and so be capable of coalescing): confundi in unum or in unum corpus confundi (to units firmly, of things). COALITION, coalitus: consocintio:junctio: congregatio [vid. SYN. in COMBINE]: societas (the state of being united):coitio (a uniting of several persons, mostly in a bad sense, e.g., coitionem facere, Cicero): coitus (a combining). Vid., also. COMBINATION.

COARSE, || not fine or tender, crassus (the proper word): densus (thick, with parts closely pressed together): coarse flour, *farina crassa: coarse bread, panis secundarius or secundus: coarse food, victus asper: coarse sand, sabulo: saburra (as ballast): a coarse toga, toga crassa:coarse thread, filum crassum. || Rough, unpolished, inhumanus: inurbanus:agrestis: rusticus |SYN. in BOOR]. (The words are found in this connection and order). ferus agrestisque. A coarse joke, jocus illiberalis: jocus invidiosus (that makes us enemies): coarse manners, mores inculti: rusticitas (coarseness of behavior):a coarse brute, merum rus. To use coarse language against anybody, aspere or contumeliose (the latter meaning in an insulting manner) invehi in aliquem; probris et maledictis vexare aliquem: coarse-minded, horridus; horridus et durus:asperi animi (or by the words given above, inhumanus, etc., which relate more to the want of outward polish than to what it really wroug. || Common, ordinary, vulgaris: or by substantive, vulgus, with the genitive, “coarse pracitioners” (Arbuth.).*vulgus medicorum (after Cicero, vulgus patronorum. etc.). || Not made neatly or skillfully, non artificiosus:inconditus: infabre factus: inscitus.

COARSELY, crasse. || Rudely, in an unpolished manner, inurbane:rustico: vaste (e.g., loqui): inficete: illiberaliter:incomposite. || In an unskillful, unfinished manner, inscite: incommode.

COARSENESS, || opposed to fineness, crassitudo. || Roughness of manners, etc., inhumanitas, inurbanitas: rusticitas.

Coarseness of speech, verba rustica (rough, coarse words): maledicta: probra: probra et maledicta (abuse, etc.): contumeliæ (insulting language).

Coarseness of mind, ingenium incultum (want of cultivation): asperitas animi (savage coarseness): feritas animi. A savage or brutal coarseness of mind, feritas animi et agrestis immanitas.

Coarseness of manners, mores agrestes or feri. COAST, litus (as the line of coast): ora (as a more extended space, bordering on the sea). To lie at anchor off a coast, in salo navem tenere in ancoris OBS., acta (= litus) should not be used except with reference to Greek history, etc.[according to Döderlein’s Synonyms, “coast as presenting agreeable views, a pleasant risidence,” etc.]Towns on the coast, urbes maritimæ.

COAST, v. To coast by a place, oram or locum aliquem prætervehi (passing by and leaving it): oram legere (creeping along by it). Vid. “sail by,” under SAIL.

COASTER, qui oram legit. etc.|| Coasting vessel, navis oraria (Plinius).

COASTING,

Coasting vessel, navis or navicula oraria; the master of a coasting vessel, magister navis orariæ (Plinius, Ep., 10, 17, or 26). The coasting trade, *commercium maritimum.

COAT, s. As the ancients did not wear coats, there is no exact term [vid. GARMENT]. “Great-coat,” the nearest words are endromis and gausapum (or gausapa, or gausape; vid. GARMENT). To turn coat, deficere, desciscere ab aliquo. To be a turn-coat, defecisse or descivisse a partibus (optimatium, etc., as the case may be). || A waistcoat, perhaps colobium (a short vest without arms, the form if the tunic at its first introduction, Servius, ad Vergilius, Æn., 9, 616).

Coat of mail, lorica serta (Nepos); lorica conserta hamis (Vergilius). PROV., to cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth, suo se modulo ac pede metiri. || Covering of the flesh, pellis (bristly; with pili): vellus (fleecy; with villi): the coat of a horse, pellis. His coat is harsh and dry, aret pellis (Vergilius): a harsh, dry coat, pellis dura ac frigida (Lucretius): to cast its coat (of the serpent), vernationem or senectam exuere. The horse changes his coat, equus villos mutat || Coat of certain vegetables (e.g., the onion), cutis (thin covering of soft vegetables; e.g., of berries, of the kernel of a nut): membrana: tunica (membrana, of chestnuts, walnuts, etc.; tunica, of mushrooms, wheat. bark, etc.): cerium (thick outward skin, e.g., of grapes): callus, callum (of apples, etc.): folliculus (husk of corn, pod). || Layer, of plaster, etc., stratura (what is spread upon anything; e.g., of manure, of gravel, etc., Suetonius, Palladius): circumlitio (the laying on of colors, varnish, wax, etc., Seneca and Plinius): corium (thick coating; e.g., of mortar, earth, etc.. Vitruvius): trullissatio is plastering, or laying on mortar with a trowel, Vitruvius): to lay a coat of paint upon anything, alicui rei inducere: to give a wall a coat of piaster, tectorium in parietem inducere: he has given anything four coats of paint, alicui rei quater induxit colorem (Plinius): to cover anything with a coat of plaster of Paris, gypso aliquid illinere (Plinius). || Coat of arms, insigne generis (cf. Cicero., Sull., 31, 88).

COAT, v., inducere aliquid alicui rei or super aliquid; inducere aliquid aliqua re (e.g., ceram parieti or parietem cera: the roof with gold, aurum tecto: the bricks with leather, coria super lateres): illinere aliquid alicui rei or aliquid aliqua re (e.g., aurum mamori: aliquid gypso): circumlinere aliquid aliqua re (to smear over with anything; e.g., alvos fimo bubulo, Plinius):trullissare (technical term for laying on mortar with a trowel, Vitruvius): contegere or integere aliquid aliqua re (e.g., luto. Cæsar):to coat a wall with mud, parieti lutum iuducere (Vitruvius).

COAX, mulcere: permulcere aliquem:palpare, or alicui, or aliquem palpari (properly, to stroke and pat, e.g., a horse):blandiri alicui (to flatter with soft words).To coax a horse, equum palpari (Ulpianus, Dig.): I will coax him, and try if I can by any means, etc., palpabo, ecquonam modo possim, etc. (Cicero): to coax anybody by presents, aliquem munere palpare (Juvenalis):to coax anybody clumsily, alicui male palpari (Horatius): to coax anybody out of anything, suis blanditiis aliquid ab aliquo exprimere (Cicero).

COAXING, palpatio (Plautus): voces blandæ: blanditiæ (soft words): assentationes[vid. FLATTERY]. (The words are found in this connection and order), blanditiæ et assentationes. COBALT, *cobaltum (technical term).

COBBLE, sarcire: resarcire (to mend what was torn): to cobble (= to be a cobbler), sutrinam facere. || To bungle, aliquid imperite, infabre, inscienter lacere or conficere.

COBBLER, sutor veteramentarius (*Suetonius, Vit., 2): sutor cerdo (Martialis) [vid. SHOEMAKER]. To be a cobbler, sutrinam facere. A cobbler’s boy, *sutori operas præbens. A cobbler’s stall, taberna sutrina.

Cobbler’s wax, *pix sutoria. || Bungler [vid.], homo in arte sua non satis versatus. || As term of contempt for any base mechanic, cerdo (Juvenalis).

COBWEB, texta aranea, plural; also aranea, plural alone (Plinius, Phædr., 2, 8, 23): textura or tela araneæ: to brush away all the cobwebs, omnem aranearum operam perdere; omnes aranearum telas disjicere: covered with cobwebs, araneosus: like a cobweb, similis textis araneis; also araneosus.

COCHINEAL, coccum (*coccus cacti, Linnæus).

COCHLEATER, cochleatus (Pomponius, ap. Non).

COCK, || male bird, mas (opposed to femina). || The male of the hen, gallinæ maritus: gallus gailinaceus; also gallus or gallinaceus alone. A game-cock, gallinaceus pyctes. A young cock, pullus gallinaceus. Turkey-cock gallus ludicus; meleagris gallopavo (Linnæus).

Cock’s comb, galli crista: wattles, palea galli. The crowing of a cock, galli cantus: cock-crowing, gallicinium (late): about cock-crowing, sub galli cantum.

Cock-fight, pugna or certamen gallorum: to set cocks a fighting, gallos inter se committere.

Cock-spur, calcar galli. Weather-cock, *vexillum flantis venti index (after Vitruvius, 1, 6, 4): or gallus æneus flantis venti index. FIG., leader, head, dux, caput, princeps; signifer.|| To be cock-a-hoop, triumphare or ovare gaudio; exsultare: lætari. (The words are found in this connection and order). lætari et triumphare. || Of an arrow, crena.||Of a gun, retinaculum (pyritæ). || Of a pipe, cask, etc., os; epistomium.|| Of hay, meta fœni. || Gnomon of a dial, gnomon (γνώμων). || Needle of a balance, examen. COCK, v., attollere, erigere: the hat, causiam erigere: the nose, naribus contemtum or fastidium ostendere: at anybody, aliquem suspendere naso: the ears, aures erigere, arrigere: (aurem substringere, Horatius, is only poetical). To cock a gun, *retinaculum erigere or ad ictum parare. To cock hay, fœuum in metas exstruere. INTR., to strut, magnifice incidere: aliquid sibi esse videri.

COCKADE, insigne petasi (publicum); *insigne militare, quod est in petaso (of a soldier).

COCKATOO, *psittacus cristatus (Linnæus).

COCKATRICE, basiliscus.

COCK-BOAT, scapha: cymba: linter.SYN. in BOAT.

COCK -CHAFER, *scarabæus melolontha (Linnæus).

COCK-LOFT, cœnaculum superius.To live in a cock-loft, sub tegulis habitare (Suetonius, Grammaticus): in superiore habitare cœnaculo (Plautus., in the upper story, which, with the ancients, was under the roof): tribus habitare scalis (up three pairs of stairs, Martialis, of a poor poet).

COCK-SURE, (of a person), fidens, confidens; (a thing), certus. To be cock-sure (of a person), rem factam statim putare.The thing is cock-sure, res in vado est (is safe). I am cock-sure of him, eum feci meum.

COCKER, alicui indulgere; indulgentia corrumpere aliquem; indulgentia tractare aliquem; aliquem mollire, emollire, effeminare: one’s self, mollius se habere; nimium sibi parcere, or effeminari, molliri; emolliri.

COCKERING, nimia indulgentia.

COCKLE, || fish, pecten: diminutive, pectunculus: cochlca (Horatius). || Weed, rhœas, -adis (Linnæus).

COCKLE, v., rugare: (palliolum rugat, Plautus, Cæs., 2, 3, 39).

Cf. Freund makes ruga merely less than sinus: Georges makes ruga elevated, and sinus sunk.

COCKNEY, oppidanus, homo delicatus qui in urbe habitat.

COCKSWAIN, gubernator: rector navis.

COCOA, *faba Cacao (the nut): potio e Cacaone cocta (cocoa, as beverage).

COD or CODFISH, *gadus morbua (Linnæus). Some think the asellus of the Romans was a codfish; but it was probably a shell-fish.

COD, || a husk, pod, siliqua: valvulus (of leguminous plants). Vid. POD.

CODE, leges (scriptæ): also, perhaps,codex, corpus juris (e.g., the Roman, juris Romani).

CODICIL, codicillus, codicilli (used as supplement to a will, or an informal testamentary document, in Plinius, Epistulae, and Tacitus). The codicil is invalid, is so much waste paper, codicilli pro non scriptis habendi (Plinius, Epistulae, 2, 16, 1).

CODLE, CODDLE, lento igne coquere (boil over a slow fire): lento vapore decoquere: leniter decoquere:lenta pruna decoquere (all, Plinius.; of slowly boiling anything down):*in olla clausa coquere (stew down). || Make effeminate by over indulgence, aliquem deliciis solvere (Quintilianus): molli educatione nernos omnes mentis et corporis frangere (Quintilianus).

COEQUAL, æqualis (equal according to inherent quality; also with reference to age, size, valor, dignity, not to be confounded with æquabilis, e.g., æquabilis inaliquem; vid. Tacitus, Annales, 6, 31, in.). Vid. EQUAL.

COERCE, coercere: continere: cohibere: frenare: refrenare (to hold in check, all with accusative): inhibere (to stop):comprimere (to suppress): reprimere:supprimere (to repel): obviam ire alicui rei (to take coercive measures): juventutem refrenare or coërcere: cupiditates coërcere, or continere, or comprimere; cupiditatibus imperare: to coerce by severe laws, vincire aliquid severis legibus: circumscribere (to restrict anybody; e.g., in his liberty, manner of life, etc.): in angustum deducere (reduce to a narrow compass, e.g., perturbationes, Cicero): moderari: temperare: modum facere alicui rei (to put a limit or bounds to anything).(The words are found in this connection and order). cohibere et continere: reprimere et coërcere: aliquem vi cogere (to force, to anything, ad aliquid, with infin. or ut and subjunctive). Vid.. also,
To COMPEL.

COERCION, coërcitio: vis (force):necessitas (coercion imposed by necessity):to do anything from coercion, vi coactus aliquid facio: to use coercion with anybody, aliquem vi cogere; aliquem per vim adigere: to use coercion, vim adhibere:without any coercion, non vi coactus: the right of coercion over anybody, coercitio in aliquem (vid. Suetonius, Oct., 45): moderatio:temperatio (of things).

COERCIVE.

Coercive means or measures, vis (general term); also coërcitio (Livius, 4, 53, damnum aliamque coërcitionem inhibere): to have recourse to (or use) coercive means against anybody, vi grassari in aliquem (Livius, 3, 44): not in consequence of any coercive measures, non vi coactus (incoactus, Silver Age): by coercive means, per vim; also vi, as above.

COESSENTIAL, consubstantialis (Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Tertullianus, Aug.): æqualis: par et æqualis: ex nulla parte dissimilis (Aug.).The Son is coessential with the Father, *eadem Patris et Filii est natura.

COETANEOUS, quod uno or uno et codem tempore est or fit: eodem tempore (at or about the same time; when two or several simultaneous events are related in contradistinction; e.g., to be coetaneous with anything, eodem tempore, quo aliud, esse or fieri): simul (at the same period or time; e.g., simul Protogenes floruit): coetaneous with anybody. æqualis alicui or alicujus (i.e., who lives at the same time): æqualem esse alicui (with reference to age) almost coetaneous, ætate proximum esse alicui. Vid. ” at the same time,” under TIME.

COEXISTENT, aliquid uno (or uno et eodem) tempore est or fit.

COFFEE, || the berries, *fabæ coffeæ (plural). || The drink, *coffea; *potus coffeæ : to make coffee, *potum coffeæ) coquere or parare: to invite anybody to take coffee, *invito aliquem, at domi meæ coffeam bibat.

COFFEE-TRAY, *tabula, qua circumfertur coffea.

COFFEE-HOUSE, thermopolium (any place where warm beverage is sold, or may be had): one who keeps a coffee-house, perhaps thermopola.

COFFEE-POT, perhaps *hirnea (but never cantharus) coffeæ:*hirnula coffeæ (of smaller size).

COFFEE-MILL, perhaps fistula serrata.Vid., also, HAND-MILL.

COFFEE-CUPS, etc.,*vasa quæ ad coffeam bibendam pertinent (after Columella, la, 3, 3).

COFFEE -TREE, *coffea (Linnæus): *coffea Arabica (Linnæus).

COFFER, riscus ῥισκος, of osier covered with skin. Terentius, Eunuchus, 4, 6, 16, Ruhnken): cista (κιστη, chest or box of any kind, also for traveling; vid. Horatius, Ep., 1, 17, 54. who has cistam alicujui, effringere, break open): arca (for locking up money, etc.): capsa (for keeping from injury, loss, etc.) [vid. BOX]: a small coffer, arcula, capsula. || COFFERS, by metonymy, for treasure (e. g, the king’s coffers), ærarium (privatum, Nepos, Att., 8, 3): the emperor’s, fiscus (opposed to ærarium publicum, i.e., the public treasury): gaza (γάζα properly, of the Persian kings, than the coffers of any foreign prince, Cicero, Off., 2, 22, 76: Macedonum gaza, compare, Curtius, 3, 13, 5: pecunia regia, quam gazam Persæ vocant; and Mela, 1, 11: gaza. sic Persæ ærarium vocant. Vid., also TREASURE). CUFFIN, arca (general term, whether of wood, stone, etc.): sarcophagus (σαρκοφάγος, properly, coffin made of the Assan stone, which came from Assos, in Troas, which consumed all the body but the teeth in 40 days, Dict. Antiq.; then coffin of any other material): loculus (for an embalmed corpse, or any part of it; vid. Plinius, 7, 2, 2, §20, and 7, 16, 16): capulus (Varro, op. Non.: ire ad capulum, Lucretius). A silver coffin, loculus argenteus (Justinus, 39, 1, 6): to put in a coffin, arca or loculo condere (e.g., in a temple, in templo).

COFFIN, v. Vid. To BURY.

CUFFIN-BEARER, lecticarius: vespillo: sandapilarius. SYN. in BEARER.

COG, ||flatter [vid. To FLATTER]: to cog the dice, circumlocution, perhaps *tes seris prave factis ludere or vincere; aliquem in alea dolo eludere (aliquem in alea eludere, Plautus): or nimis lepide jacere bolum (Plaut., of a very clever throw). COG, of a wheel, dens (general term for any projecting point in the shape of a tooth; e.g., that of an anchor, a comb, a saw, the colter of a plough.)

COGENCY, vis (force), vis ad facien dam fidem: pondus (weight): momentum (tenderncy to turn the scale in one’s favor, ῥοπη).To have great cogency, magno ad persuadendum momento esse (De Invent., 26, 77): firmum esse ad probandum: the conflicting reasons are of equal cogency, contrariarum rationum paria sunt momenta: the cogency of some arguments consists in their number, quædam urgumenta turba valent (Quintilianus): there is little cogency in such arguments, hujusmodi argumenta nullius sunt momenti, or *parum firma sunt ad fidem faciendam or ad persuadendum: these arguments appear to you to be of some cogency, hæc argumenta “aliquid apud vestros animos momenti habere videntur” (Cicero). The more and stronger reasons will have the most cogency, plures causæ et majores ponder is plus habebunt. (Cicero): to produce an argument of great cogency, firmissimum aliquid afferre. This argument for the existence of the gods appears to me to have the greatest cogency, firmissimum hoc afferri videtur, cur deos eese credamus: it seems to me that there is not much cogency in the reason you allege, rationem eam, quæ a te affertur, non satis firmam puto (Cicero):an argument of irresistible cagency, argumentum necessurium (Quintilianus): necessarie demonstrans (Cicero).

COGENT, gravis: tirmus or firmus ad probandum: it appears to me that this is a most cogent argument, etc., firmissimum hoc afferri videtur: it does not uppear to me that the reason given by you is a very cogent one, rationem eam, quæ a te affertur, non satis firmam puto (Cicero): a very cogent argument, argumentum firmissimum. potentissimum. (Quintilianus); not cogent, infirmus (Quintilianus).

COGENTLY, graviter. Mostly by circumlocution, to argue cogently. firmissimis ad probandum argumentis uti; firmissimum aliquid afferre: not to argue cogently, rationes non satis firmas afferre. COGITATE,Vid. MEDITATE, THINK.

COGITATION,cogitatio: *intentio cogitandi (as effort). || Meditation, reflection. Vid. REFLECTION

COGITATIVE, cogitans: intelligens: cogitationis particeps (possessing the faculty of cogitation). COGITATION,cognatio: propinquitas:agnatio: aflinitas. Vid. RELATIONSHIP.

COGNITION, cognitio: scientia. with or without rerum; also cognitiones (but never scientiæ) rerum. (The words are found in this connection and order). cognitio et scientia: cognition of anything, scientia or cognitio or prudentia alicujus rei notitia alicujus rei: intelligentia alicujus rei. (The words are found in this connection and order). cognitio et intelligentia: notio alicujus rei (the notion one has of anything; e.g., notitia or notio Dei): prudentia alicujus rei (the clear insight into a thing): expleta rerum comprehensio (certain cognition): memoria prateritorium (cognition of past events or things): to have a cognition of anything, notitiam alicujus rei habere or tenere; alicujus rei scientiam or prudentiam habere; intelligere aliquid. COGNITIVE, intelligens. The cognitive faculty. intelligentia, intellectus. COGNIZANCE, (as general term) [vid. KNOWLEDGE]. || Juricial notice or decision, jurisdictio; jurisdictionis potestas: to fall under the cognizance of anybody, sub alicujus jus et jurisdictionem subjunctum esse (Cicero, Agr., 2, 36, in.): it falls under my cognizance, jurisdictio mea est. (Seneca, Clem., 1, 1): also hoc meum est;hujus rei potestas penes me est: to commission anybody to take cognizance of anything, alicui cognitionem deferre: to take cognizance of anything, cognitionem constituere: quæstionce habere alicujus rei or de aliqua re: quæstioni præesse (preside at it). [OBSERVE, quæstio was often accompanied with torture]: cognoscere de aliqua re: after having taken cognizance of the matter, *re diligenter cognita: this does not fall under my cognizance, hoc non est mei muneris or moi arbitrii: pertinere ad aliquem; e.g., ad alium judicem (to fall under the cognizance of another judge): to come or arrive at the cognizance of anything, venire in cognitionem; cognosci: without cognizance, causa incognita (vid. Heineccii Antiq. Rom. Synt., 4, 18, 15): a commission appointed to take cognizance of a matter, *viri (according to the number, duumviri, triumviri, etc.) ad rem judicio suo exigendam missi.|| Badge, signum (general term): insigne (a characteristic mark). Vid. BADGE. COGNOMINAL, eodem uomine (general term, But especially of the same sur- or family-name, Cicero, Varr., 4, 46, 103): eodem cognomine or (poetical and post-Augustan) cognominis adj. (of the same family name or title): cognominatus (synonymous, e.g.. cognominata verba, Cicero.). COGNOSCIBLE, quod cognosci potest; quad cognitiomem sui hahet; quod in humanam intelligentiam cadit. COHIABIT, || dwell together, in eadem domo habitare (to live in one house): contubernales esse (properly, in one tent; then later, in one room): cum aliquo habitare: apud aliquem or in domo alicujus habitare. || Dwell together as husband and wife, cum aliqua concubare, concumbere, cubitare (the last repeatedly). COHABITATION, || act of living together, contubernium (properly, in one tent, and perhaps also in one room). || As man and wafe, concubitus (out of wedlock). CO-HEIR or CO-HIERESS,coheres:collega (from the context, Hermog. and Paul., Dig., 27, 1, 41, and 42, 46): to make anybody the co-heir or ca-heiress of . . . ., aliquem coheredem cum aliquo scribere; aliquem coheredem alicui instituere. COHERE. cohærere or cohærescere inter se: connexos et aptos esse inter se: to cohere well, præclare inter se cuhærere: cohærere cum aliqua re or alicui rei
(with anything): by anything, contineri aliqua re; rem continet aliquid. || To agree, facere cum aliquo: consentire:conspirare: congruere: with anybody, cum aliquo couvenire, concordare. SYN. in AGREE. Vid. COHERENCE, COHERENCY, cohærentia (as state; e.g., mundi):contextus (connection as state; e.g., of a discourse, orationis, sermonis; of matters and words, rerum et verborum; compare Ernesti Lex. techn. Lat., p. 90): perpetuitas (the uninterrupted continuation; e.g., orationis): the systematic coherence, continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptæ colligatæque videantur (Cicero, Nat., Deor., 1, 4, extr.): there is coherence in matters, cohærere sibi or inter se: in coherence [vid. COHERENT].To relate anything in (or with) proper coherence, cuncta, ut acta sunt, alicui exponere: alicui omnem rem ordine narrare. COHERENT, cohærens: contextus (connected, opposed to diffusus, solutus, e.g., oratio):continens (hanging together or being connected in one uninterrupted line, denoting the inner or substantial connection of a discourse): perpetuus (in one continuation; opposed to what is given in fragments; e.g., oratio, historia): not coherent, incoherent, interruptus: dissipatus (scattered). COHERENTLY, (sibi), constanter (con sistently), or by circumlucution to speak coherently, *inter se cohærentia loqui: not to speak coherently; vid. INCOHERENTLY.

COHESION, cohærentia: conjunctio: colligatio (as act and state): copulatio; conglutinatio (as act): coagmentatio. Vid. SYN. in To JOIN. COHESIVE,[Vid. COHERENT] Also glutinosus: resinaceus: tenax (that has the power of sticking or cohering). COHORT,cohors. The pretorian cohort, cohors Prætoria. COIF, Vid. BONNET, CAP. COIL, glomerare (in the shape of a ball); e.g., lanam glomerare. COIL, glomus: glomus lini. COIN, (a) a single piece, nummus:(b) several pieces, and in opposition to greater coin, nummuli: (c) in general, coined pieces of silver, etc., nummi. OBSERVE, moneta is unclassical; so, too, the Greek nomisma (νόμισμα) is not found in the prose of the Golden Age: copper coin, æs signatum: silver coin, argentum signatum; also argentum only [vid. MONEY]: good coin, nummi boni: counterfait or bad coin, nummi adulterini: to issue bad coin (i.e., to be a cainer of bad money), pecunias vitiare (Eutropius, 9, 14);monetam adulterinam exercere (Ulpianus, Dig., 48, 13, 6, § 1); nummos adulterinos percutere (after Suetonius, Ner., 25): Illyrian coin, pecunia Illyriorum signo signata: heavy coin, æs grave: great and small coin. nummi omnis notæ: to pay in the same coin, par pari respondere (as wall properly, e.g., Cicero, Att, 16, 7. 6, as figuratively or proverbially, in a bad sense in Terentius, Phormio, 1, 4, 34): par pari referre (not pro pari, vid. Bentl, Terentius, Eunuchus, 3. 1, 55), or parem gratiam referre alicui (ibid., 4, 4, 51; both = “returning like for like,” in good and bad sense.): paria paribus respondere, (Cicero, ad Attic., 6, 1, 22, with regard to words; i.e., to reply to the letter of A ticus in the same style): a collection of coins. *nummotheca:one that understandes coins (antiquary). *rei nummariæ paritus: the science or knowledge of coins (numismatics), *nummorum doctrina: to lecture on coins, *de nummis præcipere: assay of coins, spectatio pecuniæ (Cicero, Verr., 3, 77, etc.) species of coin, genus nummorum (Cicero, Verr., 3,78. 181); also nummus only, if in the sense of coin, money in general: the same coin, (i.e., pieces of the same value; e.g., in paying back money), corpora nummorum eadem (Papinian, Dig., 16, 3, 24): to pay in Roman coin, ad denarium solvere (Cicero, Q., 4, extr.)

COIN, v., PROPRE., cudere: ferire: percutere; signare (to put on the stamp or impression): to coin asses which are to be only the sixth part of their former value, asses sextantario pondere ferire [tokyomaths’ special comment: as, assis, m. as as assem assis assi asse asses asses asses assum assibus assibus, any kind of unit that is to be divided into 12 parts. Cf. dozen. Here, it is about plural of a certain money unit, first I thought branding donkeys or.]: one who coins base money, paracharactes (παραχαράκτης, Codex Theodosianus, 9, 21, 9); falsæ monetæ reus (ibid., as accused); monetam adulterinam exercere (Ulpianus, Dig., 48, 13, 6, §1): to coin base money, also (after Suetonius, Ner., 25) nummos adulterinos percutere [Vid., also COINER]: forma (publica) percutere: forma signare:money coined inthe same mould, nummi una forma percussi (after Seneca, Ep. 34, extr.): silver that has not been coind, argentum non signatum forma, sed rudi pondere (uncoined).|| invent, fingere: confingere: comminisci:to coin anything against anybody, aflingere alicui aliquid:to coin new words, verba novare.

COINAGE or COINING,res nummaris (whatever relates to it): to regulate the coinage, rem nummariam constituere:the standard of coinage, ratio æraria:regulation concernibg the coinage, lex nummaria:right of coinage, *jus nummos cudendi, or feriendi, or percutiendi.|| Money [Vid. COIN].|| Invention, fiction, fictio (Quintilianus); confictio (Cicero).|| Act of coining money, cusio monetalis (Codex Theodosianus, 11, 16, 18). || The coined money of a realm (collectively), *nummi forma (publica) percussi; or nummi only:moneta (Ovidius, Plinius.) || Money coined at the same time (or of the same coinage), nummi una forma percussi (after Seneca, Ep., 34, end). To be of the same coinage, una forma percussos (-as, -a) esse (Seneca, Ep., 34, end, of actions cast in the same mould). FIG., || pure intention, fictio (Quintilianus, 9, 2, 20, etc.): confictio (Cicero, Rosc. Am., 13, init.). The coinage of words, fictio nominum, vocum. || Thing coined, res ficta or commenticia; res ficta et commenticia: commentum. Avoid the late word, figmentum.  COINCIDE,|| meet together in space, convenire in unum locum: (inter se) congruere (agree). (The words are found in this connection and order). convenire in unum locum atque inter se congruere (as Cicero, Rosc, 22, 62, quum moltæ causæ convenisse unum in locum atque inter sese congruere videntur). || Agree together, concinere (cum aliquo aliqua re):consentire (properly, and especially of agreement in opinion: but also by a sort of personification, of things: dative or with cum; also inter se): congruere (opposed to repugnare: with anybody, alicui or cum aliquo: also alicui rei or cum aliqua re; inter se, and absolutely: used also of coincidence in point of time). “To coincide in opinion with anybody,” is also idem sentire cum aliquo (not adjicere alicui, Görenz): and incidere in aliquem (e.g., in Diodorum, Cicero). Not to coincide in opinion, discrepare, dissentire, dissidere.His opinion does not coincide with the opinions, etc., sententia non constat cum — sententiis. [Vid. AGREE.] To coincide with any other event in point of time, eodem tempore quo aliud esse or fieri: in idem tempus incidere. Events which coincide in point of time, quæ uno, or uno et eodem tempore sunt or fiunt.

COINCIDENCE, concursio (act of running together; e.g., crebra concursio vocalium: of accidental events, fortuitorum):concursus (as state, e.g., calamitatum).OBSERVE, conventus in this meaning only in Seneca, N. Quæst., 7, 12, 3, conventus duarum stellarum. || Agreement, convenientia (cum aliqua re): consensus:consensio: concentus. || “By a lucky coincidence,” etc. by circumlocution with peropportune cadit; percommode accidit.

COINCIDENT, continens (alicui rei; touching it, so that there is no break between), in point of time, in idem tempus incidens: or circumlocution with quod uno, or uno et eodem, tempore est or fit.|| Agreeing. consentiens: congruens:concors: consentaneus alicui rei: conjunctus cum aliqua re (in agreement with its nature).

COINER, monetæ opifex: monetarius (post-Augustan): cusor (Codex Justinianus, 10, 64, 1). || Counterfeiter, paracharactes (παραχαράκτης . Codex Theodosianus, 9. 21,9):falsæ monetæ reus (as accused of the crime, ibid.). To be a coiner of base money, monetam adulterinam exercere (Ulpianus): nummos adulterinos percutere (after Suetonius, Ner., 25).

COISTREL,Vid. COWARD.

COIT,discus.

COITION, coitus: initus. || Act of (two bodies. etc.) coming together, concursio: concursus (avoid conventus). Vid. COINCIDENCE.

COLANDER, colum (general term for sieve, etc.). To pass anything through a colander, percolare; per colum transmittere.

COLD, s., frigus (the cold, as causing frost, etc.: also figuratively, as the coldness of indiffirence, want of sensibility, etc.):algor (the cold, as felt; the obsolete algus is the cold itself): gelu (only in ablative; the cold which causes ice, etc.). “Extreme cold may be translated by vis frigoris; vis hiemalis: frigora, n. plural (with the accessory notion of duration). To be able to endure cold, algoris patientem esse: to be unable to endure either extreme heat or extreme cold, neque frigora neque æstus tolerare posse: to be stiff or benumbed with cold gelu torpere. OBS., frigdo (Varro, ap. Non.) is “the state of a man attacked by cold,” Döderlein’s Synonyms. || An illness, gravedo (κόρυζα, hæc nares claudit, vocem obtundit, tussim siccam movet. etc., Celsus.): destillatio narium, or destillatio only (quum, “tenuis per has [nares] pituita profluit, caput leviter dolet, gravitas ejus sentitur, frequentia sternumenta sunt.” Celsus.): to catch cold, frigus colligere (Horatius.): to cure or get rid of a cold, gravedinem removere (Cicero): to doctor or treat a cold, gravedini; subvenire (Cicero.): a troublesome cold, gravedo molesta: I hare a cold, nares gravedine vexantur: to give anybody cold, gravedinem concitare or afferre: apt to take cold, or (of things) apt to give cold, gravedinosus.

COLD, adj., frigidus (of a moderate degree of coldness, opposed to calidus; also
figuratively, as without fire, inanimate. etc.): algens, algidus (of what is unpleasantly cold in itself, of a cold nature; algens also of what does not keep a man warm, e.g., toga algens): gelidus (icy cold, also figuratively in the poets): κυρικιμασαηικοegelidus (with the chill taken off; in later writers = “very cold”): languidus, lentus (figuratively, without fire or animation; less strong than frigidus; e.g., orator nimis lentus in dicendo et pæne frigidus, Cicero).Very cold, perfrigidus: cold water, aqua frigida: a cold draught, potus algens: frigida (sc. potio, “a refreshing draught”).

Cold cup (of bread, wine, and beer), intrita (panis) e vino or e cerevisia (cf. Plinius., 9, 8, 9; Cels., 3, 19). A cold wind, ventus frigidus: cold or very cold weather, tempestas frigida, perfrigida: the weather is becoming cold, frigus ingruit (but not frigescit tempestas): it is growing colder, *frigus ingravescit: a cold winter, hiems frigida: a cold shudder shakes my limbs, gelidus horror mihi quatit membra (Vergilius): to bathe in cold water, frigida (scilicet, aqua) lavari: to drink cold water, frigidam (scilicet, aquam) bibere: a man of a cold nature or character, homo frigidus: to do anything in cold blood, consulto et cogitatum facere aliquid: cold praise, *laus frigida: to give anybody cold praise, aliquem frigide laudare:to become or grow old, frigescere, refrigescere, refrigerare (properly and figuratively, of both men and things): to make cold, refrigerare (also figuratively). To be cold, frigere (fo be cold, opposed to calere):algere (to feel cold, opposed to æstuare).

COLDISH, frigidulus (Vergilius, Catullus, properly and figuratively): frigidius ulus (Gellius, only figuratively): subfrigidus (late).

COLDLY, frigide (figuratively in Horatius; also gelide): lente (sluggishly).

COLDNESS, PROPRE., frigus, algor, gelu [SYN. in COLD. s.]. IMPROPR., frigus:coldness of mind, frigus: animus frigidus:pectus lentum, lentitudo (phlegmatic indifference of one who sees another wronged, without trying to prevent it).

COLE, COLE-WORT, brassica. Vid. CABRAGE.

COLIC, tormina, plural: colicus dolor:colon: dolores alvi. To have the colic, ex intestinis laborare; torminibus laborare or affectum esse. Medicine for the colic, colice. colicum medicamentum.One who has the colic, coliens (the elder Plinius; not colica for the disease): one who is subject to the colic. tominosus.

COLLAPSE,concidere: corruere:collabi: labi (figuratively, to waste away; e.g., of the cheeks, Seneca, Hippolytus, 364).

Collapsed cheeks, fluentes buccæ; genæ labentes (of a dying person. etc.).

COLLAR, collare (general term; hence, perhaps, may be used for a shirt-collar):mælium or mellum (a dog-collar armed with sharp points, Varro, R. R., 2. 9. 15):armilla (iron ring for a dog’s neck; hence canis armillatus, Propertius, 4. 8. 24): monile (neck-ornament, mostly with gold and precious stone, for women and children):torques, ca ella (gnldrn chains for the neck, the former a twhted rhait. the latter torques, catella (golden chains for the neck, the former a twisted chain, the latter composed of rings; both given as rewards to brave soldiers):: phaleræ (crescents of silver or gold, properly as ornaments of horses, but also of slaves): columbar (a sort of wooden collar, put round the neck of slaves as a punishment): numelia (a wooden machine, in which the head and feet of slaves or children were fastened as a punishment): helcium (from ἕλκω, to draw, was a horse-collar, Apuleius). To slip the collar. *se expedire ex armilla, etc. FIG., se expedire ex laqueo. || A collar of brawn, perhaps *cylindrus carms verrinæ, or *caro verrina in cylindri speciem convoluta.

COLLAR, v., by general term, prehendere, or (summa) veste aliquem prehendere (after pallio aliquem prehendere):or *collo aliquem prehendere (by the neck: after auricula aliquem prehendere).|| To collar meat. *carnem (verrinam, etc.) in cylindri speciem convolvere.

COLLAR-BONE, jugulum: os colli.

COLLATE, || compare, conferre:comparare, etc.: together, inter se (both used by Ruhnken of collating MSS) [vid. COMPARE]. || Collate anybody to a benefice, *beneficium (ecclesiasticum) alicui tribuere or deferre.

COLLATERAL, A collateral line (in pedigrees), linea transversa (opposed to linea directa: vid., under LINE, the passage from Paul, Dig., 38, 10, 9]. To stand in a collateral line of relationship to a family, *linea transversa contingere aliquem or alicujus domum.

Collateral relationship, latus (“cognatio quæ ex transverso procedit ad differentiam ejus quæ est inter ascendentes et descendentes,” Facciol. sub voc.). A collateral ralation, ex lateribus cognatus (“sunt et ex lateribus cognati ut fratres sororesque.” Paul., Dig., 38, 10, 10). || Concurrent, accessory [vid. ADDITIONAL].|| Indirect, vid. COLLATERALLY, ex lateribus, or *linea transversa.

COLLATION, collatio (act of conferring; also, act of comparing). || Repast, cœnula (collatioii, a slight, simple dinner):gustatio (slight repast, Petron): merenda (luncheon, taken between 4 and 5 in the afternoon).

COLLATOR, collator (contrilbutor, e.g., to a banquet; and a payer of money to the state: in the sense of ” one who compares,” August.).

COLLEAGUE, collega: to be anybody’s colleague, collegam alicui esse: to appoint a colleague to anybody, collegam alicui dare.

COLLECT, || to gather, legere: colligere (together): conferre: comportare (to bring or carry together): conquirere (to seek and collect from various places, with accessary notion of zeal): congerere in unum locum (to one place): coacervare (in a heap): to collect treasures, money. etc., pecuniam or opes undique conquirere (but not pecuniam cogere, which, in Cicero, Verr., 2, 57, 141, conveys the meaning of extorting money): conficere (also of money, etc., stronger term): to collect an army or troops, copias, or exercitum parare, or comparare: to collect the troops at one place, copias in unum locum cogere or contrabere: to collect one’s thoughts, cogitationes suas ad unam rem dirigere (after Cicero, Acad., 2, 20, 66): animum cogitationemque colligere: to collect one’s self, se or animum colligere: animum recipere: ad se redire: not to be able to collect one’s self, sui, or mentis, or animi non compotem esse; minus compotem esse sui; mente vix constare: non apud se esse (to be beside one’s self): se cohibere (restrain one’s self): iram reprimere (repress one’s anger). || To collect money (officially), accipere: recipere: exigere.Vid. above the meaning of pecuniam cogere (i.e., to extort): pecunias imperatas exigere (the war tax): of taxes. etc. (in general), vectigalia. etc., exigere. INTR., to collect, coacervari: augeri: crescere (properly, to be collected in one heap, to increase, grow: the latter, e.g., of water)|| To come together (of several persons) cogi: se congregare: congregari: convenire: coire (in a mass), confluere: frequentes convenire (in great haste), convolare. || To infer or conclude; vid those words.

COLLECT, || of money [vid. COLLECTION]. || Church prayer; vid. PRAYER

COLLECTION, || as act, lectio: colectio; conquisitio [SYN. in COLLECT, v.]:to make or order a collection, of money to be mode, collationem facere. || The result or produce of a collection, thesaurus (of objects of art. etc.): corpus (e.g., of the whole Roman law, omnis juris Romani: of the Holy Scriptures, *corpus librorum sacrorum): a collection of possages, etc. (in general), excerpta: conjectanea (of remarks, etc., Gellius, 4, 14, in.):dicta collectanea (of sentences. Suetonius, Cæs., 56): a collection of striking passages from writings, electorum commentarius or commentarii (Plinius, Ep., 3, 5, 17). || Assemblage, conventus: cœtus; corona (collection of persons who surround a speaker) [vid. ASSEMBLY]. || Contribution of money, collatio; e.g., to make a collection for the poor, collatione uti ad sustinendam tenuiorum inopiam.

COLLECTIVE, ad unum omnes:cuncti (opposed to dispersi): universi (opposed to singuli). COLLECTIVELY, conjunctim: una.

COLLECTOR, || one that gathers, qui aliquid legit, colligit, conquirit [SYN. in COLLECT, v.]. || A tax-gatherer, exactor: exactor vectigalium: coactor (general term): portitor (of harbor duties): magister scripturæ et portus (chief collector of pasture-land taxes and harbor-duties): to be the collector of harbor-duties, in portu operam dare: qui vectigalia exercent et exigunt (administrators and collectors of public taxes in general): to be a collector of taxes, vectigalia exigere; the collector of taxes, etc., in Gaul, Galliæ rationes procurans (Plinius, 7, 16, 17); collector of tributes, *tributorum administrator: reipublicæ rationes procurans:*collegii, quod vectigalibus publicis exigendis institatum est (a director of that department in general): tribunus ærarii (at Rome, Suetonius, Cæs., 41).

COLLEGE, || an assembly (of persons who follow the same pursuit), collegium: corpus: to form into a college those who, etc., collegium constituere ex iis, qui. etc. (Livius, 5, 50, 4): to receive anybody in a college, aliquem in collegium legere or cooptare (cooptare if it is the members themselves who elect). || The place, *domus academica. auditionibus academicis destinata: to be at college (i.e., at a university), *inter academiæ cives versari; *in academia studiorum causa, or literarum causa, versari: to go to college (i.e., uiniversity), in academiam migrare: to belong to a college, inter academiæ cives versari, as above. || College = large school, vid. SCHOOL.

COLLEGE BUILDING, *ædificium academicum.

COLLEGE FRIEND, *quocum in academia conjunctus vixi.

COLLEGE LIFE, *vita academica.

COLLEGE TUTOR, *doctor academicus.

COLLEGIAN, *civis academicus:*academiæ civis (as a member):*in numerum civium academicorum ascriptus.

COLLEGIATE, *academicus: collegiarius (very late, Tertullianus.): collegialis inscript). A collegiate body, collegium.

COLLIER, carbonarius.

Cf. Properly, a man who makes charcoal.

COLLIERY, Vid. COAL MINE.

COLLIQUATE, Vid. To MELT.

COLLSlON, collisus (post-Augustan):concursio (as act): concursus (as state):pugna: contentio (hostile collision): to be in collision, inter se pugnare (of things):with anything, pugnare cum re: repugnare alicui rei (vid. Cicero, Off., 3, 7, 34, and 12, 50): to come into collision with anybody, est mihi certamen cum aliquo: with anything, incurrere in aliquid: offendere ad aliquid: allidi ad aliquid (to strike against in general).

COLLOCATE, collocare (to set with choice and intention in a particular place):ponere (general term): statuere: constituere (in its proper place). Vid. To PLACE.

COLLOP,caruncula (a small piece of flesh, Cicero): offa: ofella [vid. CHOP. s.].|| In burlesque = child, frustum pueri (Plautus, Pers., 5, 2, 72).

COLLOQUIAL,

Culloquial language, sermo communis: also sermo only.

COLLOQUY, collocutio (also in plural): colloquium (a dialogue, as well for the purpose of entertainment as on business, compare Manut., Cicero. ad Div., 1, 9, p. 84, cd. Richt.): to have a colloquy with anybody, cum aliquo colloqui: a secret colloquy, arcano or secreto cum aliquo colloqui. Vid. CONVERSATION.

COLLUDE, colludere cum aliquo (Cicero, Verr., 2, 24, 58):secreto in obscuro de re agere cum aliquo (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 31).

COLLUSION, collusio (Cicero, Verr., 3, 13, 33): with anybody, cum aliquo; with the enemy, clandestina cum hoste colloquia, n. pl. (Cicero, Cat. Maj., 12, 40): to be in collusion with anybody [vid. COLLUDE].Vid., also. CABAL.

COLLUSIVE, dolosus.

COLLUSIVELY, dolose, per dolum:mala, fide (e.g., agere): collusorie (Ulpianus, Dig., 30, 50, § 2).

COLLYRIUM, collyrium (Horace., an eyesalve, Gr. κολλύριον, diminutive from κολλύρα, a sort of cake, which it probably resembled in shape).

COLOCYNTH, colocynthis, idis (κολοκυνθις).

COLON, *colon (κῶλον, as a technical term; properly, a portion or member of a sentence, etc.).

COLONEL, dux præfectusque militum: plural, primorum ordinum centuriones:tribunus militum (of infantry):præfectus (of cavalry): præfectus prætorio (time of the emperors, colonel of the imperial guards). Lieulenant-colonel (perhaps) legatus: to be colonel, ordines ducere: the rank of a colonel, centuriatus:in hopes of being made colonel, spe ordinis (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 3).

COLONELCY, centuriatus.

COLONIAL, || relating to a colony, colonicus (e.g., colonicæ cohortes, raised or levied from Roman coloniæ, Cæsar).|| Brought from a colony (of wares, etc.), ex colonia (or coloniis) advectus, arcessitus.

Colonial produce, *res or merces ex coloniis advectæ or arcessitæ:res or merces transmarinæ (brought from across the sea).

COLONIST, Vid. COLONY.

COLONIZE, Vid. COLONY. COLONNADE, columnarum ordo, series: porticus (covered).

COLONY, || a number of persons (migrating to a place to cultivate the land, etc.), colonia: coloni: to send out a colony to a place, coloniam or colonos mittere in aliquem locum: coloniam deducere in aliquem locum: deductio coloniarum in aliquem agrum (the colonization). || The place itself, colonia: to establish a colony, coloniam condeie: at some place, coloniam in aliquo loco constituere, collocare: relating to a colony, colonicus.

COLOQUINTIDA, colocynthis (*cucumis colocynthis, Linnæus).

COLOR, || as property of a body, color (general term., also of the color of a discourse): pigmentum (a color, a paint);a full, deep, or strong color (laid on equally thick), color satur: a weak or thin color, color dilutior: a natural color, color nativus or verus: a fresh or healthy color, color validus; vigor (of the body; also used of the bright color of pearls, Plinius.):a person who has a fresh color, coloratus:to have got a fresher or healthier color, coloratiorem factum esse (Columella): to lose one’s color, colorem amittere: colorem remittere: what has lost its color, decolor:to take a color (vid. To COLOR, v. intr.]:to assume (take) another color, or change its color, colorem alienum accipere: to retain its color, or, the color of anything stands, *colorem servare or retinere: to have much, or a great deal, of color in one’s face, multo sanguine et rubore alicui facies suffusa est: to change color, colorem mutare or immutare: and (poetically) perdere, or color excidit alicui, non manet alicui [vid. To GROW PALE, To BLUSH]: not in change color, consistere ore (Cicero, ad Qu. Fr., 2, 3, 2): constat alicui color et vultus: of rich or rnricgated colors, coloribus variis (cf. Vergilius, Æn., 4, 701): distin tus vario colore (Ovidius): coloratus (colored, general term, especially of a dark-red; e.g., of the Orientals, colorati Seres, Ovidius, Am., 1, 14, 6).versicolor: without color, sine colore variety of colors, colorum varietas (cf. Cicero, Fin., 2, 3, 10): colores varii (Vergilius, Æn., 4, 701): the shading off of colors, or passing of one color into another, colorum commissuræ et transitus (in a painting, Plinius., 35, 5, 12): of one color, unius coloris; unicolor: of two colors, bicolor: of three colors, triplice colore: of various colors, multis or variis coloribus; poetically, multicolor: of the same color, concolor (i.e., of one color; opposed to discolor):ejusdem coloris: eodem colore (of the same color, i.e., which another thing has):to lose its color, decolorem fieri (of stuffs) pallor decolorat aliquid (discolors): evanescere; pallidiorem neri (to fade, of colors and stuffs): colorem mutare (general term): pallescere: expallescere: the loss or changing of color, coloris mutatio: de coloratio: to produce a color [vid. To COLOR]: of a light color, colore claro: of a whitish color, colore albido: colore claro splendere (Lucretius, 5, 1257): a pale or fawn color, leucophæus (λευκόφαιος, Vitruvius and Plinius): of a darkish color, austerus = nigricans: of a reddish color, rubeus: subruber (as blood): subrufus (of chestnut color): subrubicundus; rubicundulus; ruber subalbicans (of a light-reddish color): to be of a light-reddish color, subrubere: of a browitish, etc., color [vid. the adjectives]: of a chestnut color, badius:spadix (of a horse). || As giving color, means of coloring, pigmentum: color (the latter also improperly with reference to style): to take a color, colorem bibere, ducere: to give to anything a color, colorem inducere alicui rei: the brightness of colors, pigmentorum flos et color (Cicero, Brut., 87, 298, where it is improper with reference to style): to paint a crime in very dark colors, crimen atrociter deferre (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 19, 4): to give a fair color to a foul matter, rei deformi dare colorem (Quintilianus): honesta præscriptione rem turpem tegere (both = palliate, vid.): oil-color, pigmentum oleatum (any dyeing material or stuff made with oil): to paint anything with oil-colors, *pigmentum oleatum inducere alicui rei: of the color of oil, colore olei (Plinius, 37, 5, 20): colore oleagino (Vegetius, 3, 17, 1): water-colors, *pigmentum aqua dilutum. A box of water-colors, loculata arcula, ubi diversi sunt colores (cf. Varro. R. R., 2, 17, 4):λήκυθος (after Cicero, Att., 1, 14, 3, a pot containing colors; compare Franz Passow’s Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache, sub voce): color-man, pigmentarius. || Complexion: a fine color, color suavis; coloris suavitas; a good color, coloris bonitas: a very good color, color egregius: a deadly pale color, color exsanguis [vid., also, COLOR, under the first head]. || Pretext, species: imago: simulacrum: sometimes color (Quintilianus): under the color of, specie, in speciem (opposed to reapse); verbo: verbo et simulatione, opposed to revera, re ipsa: nomine (in order to palliate): per simulationem (sub prætextu or sub obtentu. not to be recommended) [vid. PRETEXT]. || Character (as in a man’s true colors), mores; indoles; indoles animi ingeniique (Livius, 10, 17); natura et mores: mores naturaque:*peculiaris forma atque indoles (the peculiarities of an object, peculiar features or colors): to paint anybody in his true colors, alicujus naturam certia describere signis: perhaps*alicujus vivam or vividum imaginem exprimere: alicujus vitia (or vitia et virtutes, as the case may be) deformare (Rutil., Lup.): imaginem consuetudinis atque vitæ alicujus exprimere.

COLORS, (military), signum militare:from the context signum only (any military sandard, consisting of a lance to which any image was affixed; e.g., an eagle, although that is sometimes particularly mentioned as being the principal standard of the legions. besides the signa militaria Cæsar, B. C, 3, 99): vexillum (a lance with a piece of some colored stuff: e.g.. red for the legions, in which, at a later period, the name of the emperor was wrought. Suetonius, Vesp., 6. The signa and vexilla were used in greater and smaller divisions of the army; vexilla especially is found with the Triarii, the allies, the cavalry, etc.): to display the colors, signum or vexillum proponere; vexillum tollere: to lower the colors, vexillum submittere, before anybody, alicui (Statius Silvae, 4, 2, 43): to swear fidelity to anybody’s colors, sacramentum or sacramento dicere alicui: sacramentum dicere apud aliquem (properly):to follow the colors, signa sequi: to follow anybody’s colors, castra alicujus sequi; in alicujus castra se conficere: to desert the colors, signa militaria relinquene; a signis
discedere: signa deserere: desertis signis ad hostem transire: ad hostem transfugere or perfugere: (improperly) fidem movere: ab aliquo deficere; aliquem deserere: ad adversarios transire:in partes alicujus transgredi: deficere ad aliquem: to be true to one’s colors, to stick to one’s colors, fidem servare (improperly).

COLOR, v., TR., tingere, with anything, aliqua re (by dipping the stuff into a dye):inficere, with anything, aliqua re (to do over, to color with something which does not destroy, but changes, the natural quality of the thing): imbuere aliqua re (to saturate with anything): colorare aliquid: inducere colorem alicui rei (to give a color to anything): fucare (mostly figuratively of coloring with a deceptive dye).

Cf. When “to color” is taken in the sense of “producing a color,” tingere is used with the accusative of the color; e.g., cæruleum tingere, to color anything water-blue: to color purple, purpuram tingere [vid., also. To DYE]: to color blue, cæruleum efficere colorem: to color anything red, rufare (of a yellowish red; e.g., the hair, capillum): miniare (of a cinnabar color): fucare (of purple): cocco tingere (scarlet): e nigro ratilum capillum reddere, to color dark hair red: to color anything sky-blue, colore cæruleo tingere (the thing so colored is cæruleatus) [vid. To STAIN]. FIG., || to palliate, make plausible, rem colorare nomine aliquo (by a pretext, Valerius Maximus, 8, 2, 2): rem involucris tegere et quasi velis obtendere; also velare rem only: to color anything with any excuse, prætendere aliquid alicui rei: rem tegere or occultare aliqua re; rem escusatione alicujus rei tesere (by excuses; vid. Cicero, Læl., 12. 43): rem in alicujus rei simulationem conferre (under a pretexl: vid. Cæsar, B. C, 1, 40): to endeavor to color anything with some pretext, velamentum alicui rei quærere (Seneca, De Vit. Beat., 12): rei deformi dare colorem (Cæsar, B. C., 3, 32; Quint., 3, 8, 44):to endeavor to caver one’s guilt with fine words, splendida verba prætendere culpæ suæ (Ovidius, Rem., 240): honesta præscriptione rem turpem tegere: vitia sua fucare. colorare.

Colored, coloratus (with a fear color): fucatus (with a deceptive dye).INTR., to color at anything, rubescere:(for shame) erubescere: pudore or rubore suffundi; rubor mihi suffunditur or offunditur. I color at or on account of anything (blush), rubere (Cicero, Verr.. 2, 76, extr.): to color at one’s own praises, pudore affici ex sua laude.

COLORABLE, Vid. SPECIOUS, PLAUSIBLE.

COLORATE, Vid. To COLOR.

COLORING, colores: *colorum ratio:tinctus: infectus: tinctura (manner in which anything is colored): ¯*pigmentorum (colorum) ratio (the art of laying on colors): colorum commissuræ et transitus (the blending of the colors in a painting, Plinius, 35, 5. 12): a fine or bright color, nitor: a good color, colores boni. || Embellishment (in rhetoric). cultus:ornatus: dicendi, or orationis cultus, or ornatus: dicendi, or orationis, or verborum lumina (any conspicuous rhetorical embellishment or coloring): quasi verborum sententiarumque insigna (with referance to expression and thought): fucus, pigmenta orationis (of ambitious ornaments used with bad taste): to give a narrative a pleasant coloring, narrationem gratia et venere exornare: too much, nimium depingere aliquid. || Plausible character [vid. COLOR = pretext]: to give one’s faults a false color, vitia sua fucare, colorare.

COLORIST, pingendi artifex.

COLOR-MAN, pigmentarius.

COLOSSAL, colossicus: colosseus (properly): vastus: immanis. (The words are found in this connection and order) vastus et immanis: a colossal statue, colossus:statua colossica or colossea: signum colossicum: moles (colossal mass. etc.; e.g., moles imperii, colossal empire).

COLOSSUS, Vid. COLOSSAL.

COLT, pullus equi; pullus equinus:*pullus equinus masculus (the male):poledrus (Latin of the Middle Age): equuleus: equulus (general term for young horse; the latter, Varro). An ass’s colt, pullus asininus: asellus (a small or young ass). FIG., || a rask young person, inconsultus: inconsideratus: temerarius.(The words are found in this connection and order). inconsultus et temerarius: temerarius atque inconsideratus.

COLTSFOOT, tussilago.

COLT’S-TOOTH,dens pallinus. PROV.To have cast one’s colt-tooth, voluptates temperantia sua, frenasse ac domuisse (Livius, 30, 14).

COLTER, dens or culter aratri (on the nature of it and the plough in general, vid. Voss, Vergilius, Georg., I, 170).

COLUMBARY, columbarium: columbarii cella (general term; vid. Varro, 3, 7, 4; Palladius, 1. 24. near the beginning, and 25,near the beginning): turris:turricula (if placed on a column in the court. etc.).

COLUMN, columna: signum: statua (if erected in honor of anybody): a small column, columella: a colossal stone column, moles lapidea: the shaft of a column, scapus: the neck of a column, hypotrachelium (ὑποτραχήλιον): the capital, capitulum: the foot of a capital, spira (of the columna; the lower part of it was plinthus, πκίνθος): basis (βάσις, of the statua; vid. above for difference between columna and statua): the pedestal, stylobates (στυλοβάτης): the order of columns, genus columnarum: the Doric order, columnæ Doricæ: Doricum genus columnarum: the arrangement of columns.*columnarum dispositio: the interval between columns, intercolumnium: a tax on columns, columnarium (Cæsar, B. C, 3, 32): the supporting by columns, colnmnatio (late):supported by columns, columnatus (Varro).|| (A military) column, pars exercitus:agmen (when on the march): in two, three, etc., columns, bipartito, tripartito (e.g., to attack, signa inferre): to march up in three in three columns, tripartito agmine, or diviso in tres partes exercitu, incedere: to approach in three columns, triplici acie instructa venire: to march in three columns, triplici acie instructa proficisci: by columns, exercitu in partes diviso (e.g., to march up, incedere). || Of a book, pagina.

COMB, pecten: a dressing-comb, pecten rarioribus radiis: a small-tooth comb, pecten densioribus radiis: pecten densus.

Cf., *Pecten crinalis (for combing; but for keeping up the hair, and as ornament, the Roman ladies made use of the acus discriminalis: vid. Böttiger’s Sabina, i., p. 147): the tooth of a comb, radius pectinis: a comb for wool carmen; pecten: for flax, hami ferrei, quibus linum pectitur (Plinius, 19, 1, 3): a curry-comb, strigilis:a horse-comb, scopulæ setosæ equis comendis: comb of a cock, crista: juba. || In the shape of a comb, *pectini similis: as adverb. pectinatim.

COMB, (a place surrounded on all sides by mountains, in which several valleys meet), convallis.

COMB, v., pectere (general term): pectere capillos or comas (but not comere; capillos or comas: i.e., to dress the hair): to comb the hair back from the forehead (à la Chinoise). capillos a fronte contra naturam retroagere: to comb wool, carminare: to comb flax, hamis ferreis linum pectere: to comb a horse, strigili radere; subradere.

Combed, to be formed by past participle of the above verbs.

COMB-MAKER, pectinarius (Inscriptiones)

COMBAT, pugna: prœlium: acies [SYN. in BATTLE]: certamen (general term for contest: i.e., both the emulation and the struggle). (The words are found in this connection and order), certamen et pugna: prœlii concursus (Nepos, Thras., 1, 4), or only concursus: congressus (the coming to close quarters): prœlii dimicatio only (combat as a hazardous thing, hence dimicatio = especially struggle with dangers and difficulties): plural, dimicationes, if continued or repeated (e.g., Cæsar, B. C., 7. 8, 6, omnium superiorum dimicationum fructum in eo die atque hora consistere): the combat of the boxer or prize-fighter, pugilatus: of the wrestler, luctatio; luctatus (the former as act, the latter as state): with wild beasts [vid. FIGHT]: a combat for life, dimicatio adversus aliquem (e.g., adversus clephantum): a fierce combat, prœlium acre: the combat wos fierce and long, pugnatum est diu atque acriter: a long and fierce combat takes place, fit prælium acri certamine:a slight combat is fought, fit or agitur leve prœlium [vid. SKIRMISH]: to descend to the combat, in prœlium ire: in prœlium or aciem prodire: in adem or certamen descendere (for a single engagement, the last also = to engage in a combat or fight in general): to lead 100,000 infantry to the combat (or battle), in aciem centum millia peditum producere: to begin the combat, pugnam. or certamen, or prœlium inire (general terms to engage, of either party, taken singly): prœlium committere, manum (only in Livius, pugnam or prœlium) conserere (of the general as well as the soldiers): inter se concurrere:acie concurrere (to come together, of both parties): primus prœlium committit aliquis (of any division, or of the ship. etc., which attacks first; vid. Hirtius, B. Alex., 25):to renew the combat, in pugnam redire; certamen or pugnam repetere (after a longer or shorter interruption; vid. Justin., 1, 6, 10; Livius, 10, 36): pugnam novam integrare; prœlium redintegrare or renovare (to renew, begin from the commencement; i.e., mostly with fresh troops: vid. Livius, 7, 7; 1, 12; 2, 47; Cæsar, B. C., 3, 20):pugnam iterare (to fight a second battle:e.g., on the following day, as Livius, 6, 32):to continue the combat, pugnam excipere (of fresh troops. Livius, 38, 22, near the beginning): the reward of the combat, certaminis præmium: fit for the combat, ad pugnandum or ad dimicandum firmus (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 60, of troops): ready for the combat, ad pugnam paratus; manu promtus: after finding them all eager for the combat, postquam omnium animos alacres videt.

COMBAT, v., pugnare; certare; concertare; contendere
(e. g, armis. prœlio. acie): decernere (mostly with armis, ferro. prœlio, or acie): dimicare (e.g., prœlio, acie): depugnare, decertare, digladiari (fight a deadly fight with weapons): all with cum aliquo, inter se (with another, among themselves): prœliari, prœlium, or pugnam ficere, ededere: prœliari also figuratively with words: anybody, cum aliquo:confligere(armis, manu, prœlio): anybody, cum aliquo: conflictari: anybody, cum aliquo (e.g., cum adversa fortuna) [vid. more under FIGHT]: with words, certare, concertare, contendere (verbis). To combat fortune, cum adversa fortuna conflictari. To combat bravely, fortiter dimicare; fortiter resistere. To combat a thing (with words), pugnare contra aliquid: aliquid oppugnare, impugnare: one’s opinion, alicujus opinioni repugnare: sententiam alicujus impugnare: all things, contra omnis disserere.

COMBATANT, pugnator: miles: armatus (any armed man): gladiator (in the circus, etc.): luctator (wrestler): pugil (pugilist): venator (that fights in the circus with wild beasts).

COMBINATION,junctio: conjunctio: congregatio:consociatio: colligatio: vinculum (the means): copulatio (a tying together): to enter into combination, se conjungere; conjungi; jungi; consociari: into an intimate combination, arete conjungi: to bring into combination, [vid. To COMBINE]: to stand in combination, conjunctum esse (of things) cum aliqua re:pertinere ad aliquid. a mark or sign of combination, *copulandi signum: the combination of words (with regard to style), compositio: mixtio: permixtio: a combination of accidents, concursus calamitatum:contextus (combination as state; e.g., of speech, orationis, sermonis: of things and words, rerum et verborum; compare Ernesti Lex. techn. Lat., p. 90): a systematical combination, continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptæ colligatæque videantur (Cicero, N. D., 1, 4, quite at the end): a combination of the noblest efforts, concursus honestissimorum studiorum. || Association, societas: conjunctio et societas: commercium (combination in general, proprerly and improperly): societas conjunctionis humanæ:

Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com

convictus humanus et societas; *occultæ sodalitates juvenum (secret combination among young people, vid. SOCIETY): combination against anybody, vid. CONSPIRACY