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CALMLY, quiete, placide, otiose: of mind, quieto animo, tranquille, placide, placato animo, sedate, sedato animo.(The words are found in this connection and order),tranquille et placide, sedate placideque.To bear calmly; vid. CALMNASS
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CALMNESS, || of the sea [vid. CALM, s.]. || Of the mind, tranquillitas animi, tranquillitas, animus tranquillus; æquus animus, æquitas animi: from context asquitas only. To bear anything with calmness, placide or sedate ferre aliquid: not to bear anything with calmness, aliquid ægre ferre.
CALORIFIC, adj., producing heat, calorificus, Gellius, 17, 8, 12; excalfactorius, Plinius.
CALOTTE, s. (an ecclesiastical cap or coif), calautica (otherwise calantica, Cicero, Fragm.): mitra; mitella.
CALTROP, s., (an instrument with spikes, thrown on the ground to annoy the enemy’s horse), murex ferreus: to set caltrops, murices ferreos defodere; muricibus ferreis locum sternere; murices ferreos projicere.
CALUMNIATE, TR., calumniari (to accuse falsely and with evil design): criminari aliquem apud aliquem — de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere; de aliquo absente detrahendi causa maledicere, contumelioseque dicere (Cicero, Off., 1, 37, 134): alicui absenti male loqui (Terentius, Phor., 2, 3, 25): I am calumniated, detrahitur de mea fama.
CALUMNIATOR, s., calumniator: obtrectator: a female calumniator, calumniatrix (Ulpianus, Dig., 37, 9, 1, and 14, 16).
CALUMNIOUS, adj., calumniosus; falsas criminationes continens.
CALUMNIOUSLY, adv., calumniose; per calumniam; per falsas criminationes.
CALUMNY, s., calumnia: obtrectatio:criminatio (an accusation with evil intention, in a calumnious spirit).
CALVE, v., vitulum parere: a cow that has just calved, feta (vid. Voss, Vergilius, Ecl, 1, 49).
CALVINIST, s.,
Calvinianæ legis studiosus (after Ammian., 25, 10):
Calvini assecla.
CAMBRIC, s., carbasus: tela baptistæ, or tela (a sort of fine linen from Spain. Harduin explains it by Cameracenus, on Plinius, 19, 1, 2, § 2): made of cambric, carbaseus; carbasineus; carbasinus.
CAMEL, s., camelus: with two hunches, camelus dromas; camelus Bactriæ ( camelus Bactrianus): of or belonging to a camel, camelinus: a driver of camels, cameli magister (Silius, It., 4, 616): qui camelum regit (Aust., 8, 14, 39): a keeper of camels, camelarius (Arcad., Dig., 50, 4, 18, and 11): camel’s hair, pilus cameli: seta cameli (for the tail).
CAMELEON, s.,
Chamæleon, ontis (Plinius): lacerta chamæleon (Linnæus).|| FIG., versipellis, or qui versat naturam suam atque hue illuc torquet, applied to a man of a variable disposition, or who can assume any character.
CAMELOPARD, s., camelopardalis cervus camelopardalis.
CAMELOT, s., pannus e villis caprinis contextus.
CAMEO, gemma ectypa. To make cameos, gemmas ad ectypas scalpturas aptare.
CAMERA OBSCURA, s.,camera obscura, quæ dicitur.
CAMOMILE, s., matricaria chamomilla (Linnæus). CAMP, s., castra, plural: tentoria, plural: summer camp, æstiva, plural (scilicet, castra): winter camp, hiberna, plural (scilicet, castra): to choose a place for a camp, locum idoneum castris deligere. to measure out a camp, castra metiri, dimetiri: to mark a camp by fixing poles, castra metare; locum castris dimetare: he who performs this office, castrorum metator: to pitch a camp, castra ponere, locare, collocare, constituere; tendere: near the enemy, castra sua pæne hostium castris jungere: castra castris hostium conferre:to remove. castra transferre: to break up, castra movere, permovere, proferre: to take the enemy’s camp, hostem castris exuere:of or belonging to a camp, castrensis.
CAMPAIGN, s., || open, level country, planities; æquus et planus locus:campus, with or without planus or apertus: æquor (chiefly used by the poets, but also by Cicero: Ægyptii et Babylonii in camporum patentium æquoribus habitabant): æquata planities: exæquatio (a place made campaign). || The time during which an army keeps the field, bellum; expeditio; militia; stipendium:to serve in a campaign, bello or expeditioni interesse: to serve in the same campaign, bello una esse cum aliquo in castris; in castra proficisci cum aliquo; militia cum aliquo perfungi; cum aliquo militare: to serve under anybody in a campaign, aliquo imperatore, aliquo imperante, sub aliquo merere; sub aliquo. or sub alicujus signis militare: alicujus castra sequi: to serve one’s first campaign, militiam auspicari; he has served in many a campaign, in bello multum versatus est; multa stipendia habuit: a man who has never served in a campaign, homo nullius stipendii; qui nunquam castra vidit: to reopen the campaign, copias ex hibernaculis extrahere: to undertake a campaign against, proficisci contra aliquem.
CAMPHOR, s., camphora: camphorated, camphora imbutus.
CAN, s., cantharus; hirnea: a small can, hirnula.
CAN, v. n., posse: I can, possum: licet mihi (of permission): I can not put to sea on account of the weather, per tempestatem mihi navigare non licet: I can do it, copia, or potestas mihi est alicujus rei faciendæ, or merely alicujus rei: he could have lived more freely, liberius vivendi fuit alicui potestas: I can not at present adopt your advice, non est integrum consilio jam uti tuo: he explained the thing so clearly, that all could understand it, rem tam perspicue explicuit, ut omnes intelligerent: who can doubt ? quis dubitet ?one can easily understand, facile intelligitur: Themistocles could not be at rest, non licuit esse otioso Themistocli: I can not, non possum; non queo; nequeo. Sometimes “can” is expressed by esse, with the gerund in “do:” he can pay, est solvendo: he can bear the load, est oneri ferendo.|| I can not ( = I can not fairly) often by nihil or non habeo, quod; non habeo, cur, etc.: I can not find any fault with old age, nihil habeo, quod incusem senectutem: I can not agree with you, non habeo, quod tibi in ea re assentiar.|| I speak as loud as I can, quam possum maxima voce dico: this man can not go wrong, non est in hoc homine peccandi locus: as well as I can, pro meis viribus; pro facultate; quantum in me or in mea potestate situm or positum est; ut potero.Do what you can to get it done, operam, ut fiat, da: to be more than one can do, vires excedere. || Can is sometimes rendered by scio: I can paint, pingere scio:so CAN NOT by nescio. || CAN NOT BUT, facere non possum, quin (with subjunctive): non possum non (with infinitive).The soul can not but be immortal, tieri non potest ut animus sit mortalis: [posse and quire were originally transitive; posse denotes being able, as a consequence of power and strength, = δύναμαι: quire, as the consequence of complete qualification, = αἷός τέ εἰμι: hence in the best writers only in negative sentences, or sentences that have a negative character, as many hypothetical sentences have; whereas valere and pollere are intransitive: hence we say, possum or queo vincere, but valeo or polleo ad vincendum.]
CANAILLE, s., vulgus; multitudo de plebe: multitudo obscura et humilis;sentina reipublicæ or urbis; fæx populi:one of the canaille, unus de multis, or emultis.
CANAI, s., canalis, fossa (when it connects two rivers, or pieces of water): to make a canal, fossam facere, deprimere.They had promised to make a navigable canal from the Lake Avernus to the mouths of the Tiber, ab Lacu Averno navigabilem fossam usque ad ostia Tiberina depressuros, promiserant (Tacitus, Ann., 15, 42, 2).
CANARY, s., a species of wine, brought from the Canaries, vinum Canariense.
CANARY-BIRD, s., fringilla Canaria (Linnæus).
CANARY-GRASS, s., phalaris Canariensis.
CANCEL, inducere (strike out; resolution, decree, etc.): abrogare; delere , rescindere [SYN. in ANNUL]: to cancel the laws and customs of Lycurgus, Lycurgi leges moresque abrogare (Livius): omnea leges una rogatione delere, Cicero: a will, testamentum rescindere, Quintilianus. A man’s decrees, decreta rescindere, Suetonius.
CANCER, || a crab-fish, cancer, genitive cancri: also the sign of the summer solstice: the sun is going through the sign of Cancer, sol Cancri signum transit. || A virulent sore, canceroma, atis, or carcinoma, atis (καρκίνωμα).
CANCEROUS, adj., canceraticus (late).
CANCERATE, v., to become a cancer, cancerare (late).
CANDID, adj., sincerus; simplex; apertus: a candid man, homo apertæ voluntatis, simplicis ingenii, veritatis amicus.
CANDIDLY, sincere; vere; candide; simpliciter; genuine; sine dolo; sine fraude: to confess candidly, aperte et in genue confiteri: to judge candidly, incorrupte et integre judicare: I will speak candidly what I think, quid ipse sentiam vere, ingenue, ex animi sententia dicam:to speak candidly, ut ingenue or aperte dicam.
CANDIDATE, s., candidatus: for the consulship, candidatus consularis: for the ministry, candidatus ecclesiasticus: to perform the duty of a candidate, munere candidatorio fungi (Cicero, Att., 1, 1, 2). A candidate, not only for the consulship, but for immortality and glory, candidatus non consulatus tantum, sed immortalitatis et gloriæ (Plinius, Paneg.).
CANDLE, s., candela: of wax, candela cerea: of tallow, candela sebacea, or sebata, or without candela, sebaceus: to make tallow candles, candelas sebare (Columella, 2, 21, 3. Schneid.): to make mold candles, candelas in formam fundere: to light a carldle, candelam accendere: to
study by candle-light, lucubrare. A work by candle-light, lucubratio.
CANDLEMAS, s. (the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin), dies Mariæ purificatæ sacer.
CANDLE-SNUFFER, s., emunctorium (Vulg., Exod., 25, 38).
CANDLESTICK, s., candelabrum: a bed-candlestick, candelabrum manuale:a branched candlestick, candelabrum brachiatum.
CANDOR, s., sinceritas; integritas;simplicitas; animi candor: justus sine mendacio candor (Vulgate): (tua simplicitas, tua veritas, tuus candor, Plinius, Paneg.)
CANDY, v.,saccharo condire: candied, saccharo conditus:saccharo liquefacto obducere (cover with candied sugar): to candy, INTR., in crystallos abire (crystallize).
CANE, arundo (reed; large, thick stalk of the reed): canna (smaller, rush): calamus (thinner halm of the reed): made of cane, arundineus, canneus: abounding in cane, arundinosus. || A walking-stick, baculus, or baculum, scipio: to lean on a cane, inniti baculo; artus baculo sustinere: to cane, or strike with a cane, fustem alicui impingere [fustis and ferula denote sticks for striking; scipio and baculus, for walking].
CANE, v., Vid. “strike with a cane,” in Cane, s.
CANINE, adj., caninus: to be seized with canine madness, efferari rabie canina.
CANISTER, s., pyxis, idis: theca: a tin canister, pyxis stannea: capsula: the sign of the golden canister, aureæ pyxidis signum.
CANKER, s., carcinoma (Cato, Cels., etc.): canker-worm, eruca: campe, es, or campa. æ.
CANKER, TR., corrumpere: INTR., corrumpi; vitiari.
CANNIBAL, s., humana carne vescens. The Scythians are cannibals, Scythæ corporibus hominum vescuntur, ejusque victus alimento vitam ducunt. CANNON, s., bellicum tormentum: to load a cannon, pulverem cum globo in tormentum indere: to fire off a cannon, tormentum emittere: to cannonade a city, urbem tormentis verberare. || CANNON-BALL, telum tormento missum (Cæsar):globus tormento missus. || CANNON-SHOT (as a distance), quo telum tormento missum (or quo tormentum) adigi potest: to be out of cannon-shot, extra tormenti jactum or conjectum esse (after Curtius, 3, 10): extra tormenti conjectum consistere (after Petronius): to be within cannon-shot, ictibus tormentorum interiorem esse (after Livius, 24, 34).
CANNONEER, s., miles tormentarius.
CANOE, s., an Indian boat, cymba, scapha; linter.
CANON, s., norma; lex (rule); decretum: lex ecclesiastica; decretum canonicum: canon-law, jus canonicum; corpus juris canonici: the canonicai books, libri canonici (technical term): librorum fide dignorum familia (after Quintilianus, 1, 4, 3).|| A dignitary of the Church, canonicus.
CANONESS, s.,canonica.
CANONICALS, s., vestis hominis ecclesiastici.
CANONIST, s.,qui jus canonicum profitetur:juris canonici professor.
CANONIZATION, s., circumlocution by verbs under CANONIZE, for consecratio does not do here.
CANONIZE, s., aliquem in sanctorum numerum referre; aliquem sanctorum ordinibus ascribere; alicujus virtutes consecrare et in sanctorum numero collocare (Cicero ad Quintilianus, Fr., 1, 1, 10, §31).
CANONRY, CANONSHIP, s.,canonicatus (us).
CANOPY, aulæum (Heindorf, Horatius, Satirae, 2,8,54).
CANOROUS, adj.,bene sonans; canorus; sonorus.
CANT, || gibberish, perplexa ratio loquendi. verba perplexa. || Technical expressions, vocabula quæ in quaque arte versantur, vocabula artificum propria, vocabula artis; verba quasi privata ac sua. To use cant terms, verbis quasi privatis uti ac suis. A cant word among sailors, vocabulum nauticum: in camp, vocabulum castrense: of painters, vocabulum picturæ, vocabulum pictoribus usitatum.|| Affected whine, vox ficta simulataque, sermo fictus simulatusque: religious cant, species fictæ pietatis, ficta religio.|| Low talk, sermo ex triviis sumtus, vocabula ex triviis arrepta; vilitas sermonis, dictionis.
CANT, v., simulate loqui; pietatem verbis simulare: triviali sermone uti.
CANTATA. s.,carmen varium.
CANTEEN, s., theca ampullarum.
CANTER, v., laxioribus habenis ferri, currere.
CANTHARIDES, s., cantharides, um:from cantharis, Spanish flies, used for blisters, etc.
CANTICLE, s., cantus, canticum.
CANTO, s., poematis sectio; cantus: liber.
CANTON, s., pagus.
CANTON, v., stativa habere; in stativis esse; in præsidio collocatum esse aliquo loco: TR., stativa ponere aliquo loco.
CANTONMENT, s., stativa, plural: castra stativa.
CANVASS, textum. quod dicitur Canevas; canava, canevasium. || Going round to ask for votes, ambitio, prensatio: ambitus (by illegal means).
CANVASS, v., || to investigate, scrutari; perscrutari; considerare. || To canvass for votes, ambire, circumire (circumire stronger than ambire, Cicero., Att., 14, 21, Antonium circumire veteranos, ut acta Cæsaris sancirent: that is, he made, in his canvassing, the round from first to last: ambire would only express his canvassing, and addressing the veterans in general. Vid. Döderlein’s Synonyms, p. 12). || CANVASSING. ambitio: prensatio.
CANZONET, s., cantiuncula (Cicero, Fin., 5,18).
CAP, s., || for females, mitra; mitella (fastened under the chin): calautica (hanging down to the shoulders, a sort of veil):reticulum (confining the hair. like a net).|| For men, galerus or galerum (κυνέη or κυνῆ): pileus (of felt) [vid. HAT]: apex (the pointed cap of priests): tutulus, woolen cap worn by the Flamines, etc.). If the cap fits, you may wear it, hoc per me licet, in te dictum putes.
CAP, || take off the cap to anybody, caput aperire; caput nudare. || Top with anything, superintegere aliqua re.Armed CAP-A-PIE, a vertice ad talos armatus.
Cataphractus (Licinius).
Continuo ferro indutus (Tacitus).
CAPABILITY, Vid. CAPACITY.
CAPABLE, adj., utilis alicui rei, or idoneus ad aliquid; bonus alicui rei, or ad aliquid; aptus ad aliquid: capable of nothing, ad nullam rem utilis: of anything, ad omnes res aptus; capable of anything (in a bad sense), a quo nullum fecinus, nulla fraus abest (Cicero, Off., 3, 18, 75): omnia audacissime suscipere (Livius, 30. 30); ad quodlibet facinus audacem esse (Cicero, Cat., 2, 5, 9): incapable of (in a good sense), ab aliqua re alienum esse, or abhorrere.
CAPACIOUS, spatiosus; amplus; capax; largus.
CAPACIOUSNESS, amplitudo; capacitas.
CAPACITATE, alicujus rei gerendæ facultatem, or adjumenta dare: aliquem instruere ad aliquid.
CAPACITY, amplitudo (siu): capacitas (capaciousness): ingenii facultates (mental endowments): intelligentia: intelligendi prudentia: vis percipiendi: ingenium:to possess great capacity, ingenio abundare: to possess capacity for, facultatem aliquid faciendi habere; facultate aliquid faciendi præditum esse: to be beyond one’s capacity, vires excedere: to adapt one’s self to the capacity of learners, ad intelligentiam discentium descendere: to adapt one’s self to common capacities, sensum ad communem vulgaremque se accommodare; ad commune judicium popularemque sententiam se accommodare; intelligentia a vulgari non remotum esse: to sharpen the capacity, ingenium, or intelligendi prudentiam, acuere.
CAPARISON, s., tegumentum equi:stragulum, stragula; stratum; ornamentum equorum; phaleræ (small semicircular shields of silver or gold, with which the head and neck of horses were adorned): a horse thus adorned, equua phaleratus:splendid embroidered caparison, babylonica (Lucretius, 4, 1023. Ulp.).
CAPARISON, v., equo insternere stragulum or stratum: equum tapetis sternere(Vergilius).
CAPE, promontorium. || Neck-piece of a cloak, perhaps collare; patagium (a border in a female’s dress); clavus (in a man’s).
CAPER, s., cappari, neuter indeclinable: || caper-tree, capparis, capparis spinosa (Linnæus). || A leap, exsultatio: to cut capers, exsultare.
CAPILLAIRE, s., adiantum (ἀδίαντον, a plant called maiden-hair. Plinius, 22, 2l, 30).
CAPILLARY, adj., capillaris (Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarius, Herbarium Apuleii Platonici, 47): capillaceus (Plinius).
CAPITAL, s., || chief city, caput regni:urbs nobilissima. Principal laid out at interest, sors; caput; vivum (as opposed to “the interest”); pecuniæ: nummi: res (money generally): that the woman’s principal or capital might be safer, ut mulieri esset res cautior, etc. (Cicero., Cæcin., 4, 11): capital lying idle; dead capital, pecuniæ otiosæ or vacuæ: pecuniæ steriles: the capital lies dead, pecuniæotiosæ jacent: to live on the interest of capital, de fenore vivere: to deduct what is owed from capital, æs alienum de capite deducere: to deduct from capital, de vivo detrahere: the interest due is greater than the capital, mergunt sortem usuræ: capital arises from interest, sors fit ex usura.|| Capital of a pillar, capitulum.
CAPITAL, adj., eximius: egregius (excellent): a capital crime, crimen capitale:capital letters, literæ grandes (opposed to minutæ).
CAPITALIST, qui pecunias fenore collocat, fenori dat: qui nummos in fenore ponit: fenerator: a rich capitalist, dives positis in fenore nummis (Horatius, Sat., 1, 2, 13)
CAPITALLY, egregie: eximie: excel lenter (excellently): to proceed against capitally, aliquem capitis accusare; cansam ad capitis judicitun revocare (capitaliter, mortally, Plinius).
CAPITATION, || poll-tax, tributum in singula capita impositum (Cæsar, B. C., 3. 32: by Cicero, Att., 5, 16, 2, called ἐπικεφάλιον): exactio capitum (Cicero. ad Div, 3, 8, 5): to impose a general capitation-tax, in angula capita servorum et liberorum tributum imponere.
CAPITOL, (temple
and citadel at Rome, on the Tarpeian Rock), Capitolium.
CAPITULATE, arma conditione ponere; arma per pactionem tradere: certis conditionibus hosti tradi: de conditionibus tradendæ urbis agere cum aliquo (to treat about capitulating, Livius, 37, 12).
CAPITULATION, conditiones deditionis: to come to a capitulation, ad conditiones deditionis descendere: to refuse a capitulation, nullam deditionis conditionem accipere: conditiones rejicere, recusare: to accede to a capitulation, ad conditiones accedere; certis conditionibus de deditione cum hoste pacisci: to break a copitulation, conditiones pactionesque bellicas perturbare perjurio (Cicero, Off., 3, 29; 108).
CAPON, capo, onis, m. ( κάπων ), capus, i.
CAPRICE, libido; animi impetus: to act more from caprice than reflection, impetu quodam animi potius quam cogitatione facere aliquid: the caprice of fortune, inconstantia fortunæ.
CAPRICIOUS, sibi placens; inconstans; mutabilis, or varius et mutabilis; mobilis; ingenio levis: ingenio mobilis:to be very capricious, plumis et folio fecilius moveri (Cicero): versabilis (late):libidine or ex libidine factus (done or made out of caprice).
CAPRICIOUSNESS, inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis; mobilitas (e,g., fortunæ).Vid. INCONSTANCY.
CAPRICORN, capricornus (a sign of the zodiac).
CAPSTAN, (an engine for drawing up great weights), ergata, æ, m. (ἐργάτης, Vitruvius).
CAPSULE, capsula: diminutive of capsa.
CAPTAIN, || commander, general, dux: imperator (a Roman general who has been saluted imperator by his troops after a victory): prætor (used by Nepos in the sense of general, of Greek commanders, etc.): great captains, qui maximas res in bello gesserunt; qui bellica laude floruerunt; imperatores sommi. || Centurio (not ordinum ductor): of a ship, navarchus (ναύαρχος), navis præfectus: of free-booters, latronum or prædonum dux: of pirates, archipirata: a captain of the guard, prætoriæ cohortis præfectus.
CAPTAINCY, centuriatus. From the hope of getting his captaincy, spe ordinis.
CAPTAINSHIP, belli administratio:imperium; ductus: præfectura.
CAPTION, comprehensio (the act of taking any person).
CAPTIOUS, captiosus; fallax; insidiosus: to put a captious question, captiose interrogare; captiosissimo genere interrogationis uti: to answer captious questions, captiosa solvere: dolosus; subdolus; fraudulentus: (eager to controvert) jurgiosus; rixosus: rixæ cupidus; litigiosus; litium cupidus: to be very captious, mira esse ad litigandum, or ad rixandum, alacritate; altercandi or rixandi studiosus: anceps verborum.
CAPTIOUSLY, captiose; insidiose; dolose.
CAPTIOUSNESS, altercandi or rixandi studium: alacritas ad litigandum.
CAPTIVATE, capere; In ditionem, potestatemque alicujus redigere. || To charm, attrahere, capere, allicere (a person or a person’s mind): the picture captivates the eyes, tabula oculos tenet.
CAPTIVE, s., CAPTIVE, adj., captus; captivus; in custodiam datus:custodiæ or vinculis mandatus: to make captive, vincula alicui injicere; vincuiis colligare; vincire catenis: the mind can not, be held captive, animo vincula injici non possunt. CAPTIVITY, captivitas; servitus: to be in captivity, custodia teneri; in vinculis esse: to be put into captivity, in custodiam, or in vincula mitti.
CAPTOR, qui capit; qui secum deducit.
CAPTURE, captura: quod capit aliquis: præda. || The act of taking, captio; captura.
CAPUCHIN, *monachus pænulatus; monachus cucullatus; *capucinus.
CAR, carrus or carrum; vehiculum; plaustrum; currus; carruca; rheda.
CARABINE, Vid. CARABINE.
CARAVAN, comitatus (vid. Cæsar, B. C., 1, 48).
CARAVANSARY, xenodocheum(Code Justinian, 1, 2, 17).
CARAWAY, s., carum (Linnæus): careum (Plinius).
CARBINE, s.,*sclopetum equestre.
CARBINEER, s.,*eques gravioris armaturæ sclopeto armatus.
CARBONADO, s., caro frixa: caro carbonibus usta.
CARBONADO, v., carbonibus urere.|| To cut meat across preparatory to broiling, camera fricare.
CARBUNCLE, || a gem, carbunculus.|| A tumor, vomica: anthrax.
CARCASS, corpus mortuum; corpus hominis mortui: corpus exanime and exanimum: cadaver.
CARD, s., || a sort of paper, charta:visiting card, charta salutatrix (Martialis, 9, 100, 2): tessera salutatrix: playing cards, *paginæ: to play at cards, * paginis ludere:a house of cards, casa paginis ædilicata (after Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 247): the playing at cards, * lusus paginarum: a card-player, *qui paginis ludit: to be a great card-player, *ludere studiose paginis. || A wool-comb, carmen: pecten.
CARD, v., pectere; carminare (Varro, Plinius): carding, carininatio (Plinius, 11, 23, 27). CARDER, qui lanam carminat.
CARDINAL, s., *cardinalis: *purpurattus pontiticis Romani: cardinal -bishop, *episcopus cardinalis: cardinal’s hat, *tiara cardinalis: cardinalship, *dignitas cardinalis: to be promoted to the cardinalship, *in sacrum purpuratorum collegium cooptari.
CARDINAL, adj., Cardinal virtues, quatuor partes or fontes honestatis; quatuor partes, a quibus omnis honestas manat:genera quatuor, ex quibus honestas officiumque manat: quatuor loci, in quos honosti natura vinque dividitur (Cicero, Off., 1, 6, 18, and 43, 152; 1, 18, 61; 3, 25, 96): all morality springs from one or other of the cardinal virtues, omne, quod honestum est, id quatuor partium oritur ex aliqua (ibid., 1, 5, 14).
CARE, s., cura; diligentia; curatio alicujus rei (the care, conduct, etc., of a thing).
Care in a business, accuratio in aliqua re facienda. Acting with care, diligens. Made with care, accuratus. With care, accurate: the utmost, diligentissime, accuratissime. Without care, sine cura or diligentia, soluta cura. To bestow care upon a thing, curam adhibere de re or in re, curam impendere roi. To undertake the care of a thing, curationem alicujus rei suscipere. The care of that lies upon me, illud est curationis meæ. I have a care of that, illud mihi curæ est. To take care of, curare; procurare. Take care of your health, cura ut valeas. I wish you would have a care of that matter, illam rem velim curæ habeas. I commit it to your care, mando hoc tuæ fidei or tibi. To bestow tite utmost care upon anything, omni cogitatione curaque incumbere in rem; omnes curas et cogitationes conferre in rem.|| Concern, anxiety, cura; sollicitudo.To bring anybody care, sollicitare aliquem; curam, sollicitudinem afferre alicui; sollicitum habere aliquem. To be harassed with cares, curis angi: worn, curia absumi or confici. To throw off all cares, curas abjicere. Be without care! noli laborare! bono sis animo! To be in care and anxiety, anxio et sollicito esse animo. To free anybody from care, liberare aliquem cura or sollicitudine; solvere aliquem curis; adimere alicui curas.|| The object of care, cura. This is my care, hoc mihi curæ est. || Caution, cautio, circumspectio. To have a care, cavere, ne, etc.; videre, ne, etc.: of a thing, cavere aliquid, præcavere ab aliqua re. To act with care, omnia circumspicere.To use all possible care, omne genus cautionis adhibere. To take care for, consulere, prospicere, servire alicui rei; providere aliquid or alicui rei, pfospicere aliquid. CARE, v., grieve, sollicitudinem habere, ægritudine affici, se afflictare. To care about a thing, laborare, sollicitum esse de re. || To care for a thing, attend to it, take care of it, regard it, laborare de aliqua re: curare aliquid; curæ mihi est aliquid; alicujus rei rationem habere or ducere; aliquid respicere; alicui rei prospicere. Not to care for, negligere, non curare. To care for nothing at all, nihil omnino curare (of the gods): soluto et quieto esse animo (of men). To care about other men’s business, aliena curare.I care not what others think, non cure, quid alii censeant. What care I about that matter ? quid mihi cum illa re ?|| To care for, i.e., regard, love, colere, diligere, magni facere. || I do not care (i.e., I would rather not): non curo (with infinitive).
CAREEN, v., a ship: navem in latus inclinare ad cariham reficiendam: navem nova fundare carina (Ovidius, Pout., 4, 3, 5):navis carinam denuo collocare (Plautus, Mil., 3, 3, 41).
Careening, navis carinæ refectio.
CAREER, curriculum; stadium; circus; cursus. Nature has given us a short career of life, an immense career of glory, exiguum nobis vitæ curriculum naturæ circumscripsit, immensum gloriæ, Cicero.
CAREFUL, provident, cautious, cautus: providus: circumspectus: consideratus.(The words are found in this connection and order),cautus providusquc; cautus ac diligens: curiosus (applying minute care, especially in investigations; of persons): diligens (proceeding or made with exact attention, etc., of persons and things):accuratus (of things only, made with care).To be careful in anything, curam adhibere de or in aliqua re: curiosum or diligentem esse in aliqua re: diligentiam adhibere ad aliquid or in aliqua re; curam conferre ad aliquid. || Troubled, sollicitus:anxius. (The words are found in this connection and order),anxius ac sollicitus: cura et sollicitudine affectus.
CAREFULLY, adv., diligenter; provide; caute: curiose; accurate (of things only): to go carefully to work, circumspectius facere aliquid: cautionem adhibere in aliqua re: very carefully, omne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re: to be careful in words and actions, circumspicere dicta, factaque.
CAREFULNESS, cura (opposed to levitas): diligentia (opposed to negligentia).(The words are found in this connection and order),cura et diligentia: accuratio in aliqua re facienda ( ” in inveniendis componendisque
rebus mira accuratio,” Cicero, Brut., 67, 238: this is, indeed, the only passage, but why is not a single passage of Cicero enough ?): sollicitudo (anxiety):providentia (forethought): circumspectio: cautio. (Curam ego verborum, rerum volo esse sollicitudinem, Quintilianus, 8,20.)
CARELESS, securus (unconcerned, from an opinion of safety): imprudens (from want of proper foresight, opposed to paratus): socors (stupidly thoughtless):incuriosus (wanting activity and proper care: indifferent): the enemy being thus rendered the more careless, suddenly meet the Consul Lucretius, eo solutiore cura hostes in Lucretium incidunt consulem:negligens (opposed to diligens): in aliqua re negligens ac dissolutus; parum accuratus: careless in house-keeping, dissolutus ac negligens in re familiari: careless in dress, cultus corporis parum accuratus.
CARELESSLY, sine cura; secure; incuriose (post-Augustan): negligenter:dissolute (in a careless, expensive way):indiligenter.
CARELESSNESS, securitas (freedom from care and from fear of danger): imprudentia (want of foresight): socordia (want of thought, observation, etc.): incuria (want of activity and good heed: indifference): negligentia (negligence and indifference).
Carelessness in dress, cultus corporis parum accuratus. The fire is the result of carelessness, negligentia aliqua incendii casus oritur (Paul., Dig.): of carelessness on the part of the inhabitants, incendium culpa fit inhabitantium (Paul., Dig.).
Carelessness in writing letters, negligentia epistolarum (the writing seldom):indiligentia literarum (negligence in the composition of letters).
CARESS, blandiri alicui (with words or gestures), permulcere aliquem; permulcere aliquem manu (to stroke with the hand): amplexari et osculari aliquem (to clasp and kiss): κυρικιμασαηικοpalpare, or palpari (to stroke gently).
CARESSES, blanditiæ; blandimenta, to load with caresses, multa blandimenta alicui dare. || Embrace, amplexus: complexus.
CARGO, onus navi impositum: from context onus only. To discharge her cargo, navem exonerare.
CARICATURE, vultus in pejus fictus (ugly, distorted likeness, Horatius): to make a caricature of anybody, imaginem alicujus lascivia jocorum proponere ridentium circulis (Plinius, 36, 5, 4; no. 2, § 12).[Kraft gives pictura præter modum deformis.]
CARICATURE, v. Vid. “make a caricature.”
CARICATURIST, circumlocution, *qui alicujus or alicujus rei fictam in pejus imaginem proponit ridentium circulis.
CARIES, ossium vitiatorum caries.
CARIOUS, carie infectus; cariosus. A carious bone, os carie infectum.
CARK, ægritudinem suscipere ex re; mœrore confici; mœrore se conficere:carking cares, sollicitudines mordaces (Horatius, Od., i., 18, 4).
CARLE, homo agrestis. Vid. CHURL.
CARMAN, rei vehiculariæ magister; carri ductor.
CARMELITE, * (monachus) carmelita, æ (a white friar).
CARMINATIVE, quod inflationem levat, discutit.
CARMINE, coccum: adjective coccineus (of a crimson color).
CARNAGE, cædes; trucidatio (non pugna erat, sed trucidatio velut pecorum): the carnage is universal, cædes omnia obtinet: to make a carnage, cædem, or stragem edere, or facere: ingenti cæde hostes prosternere: aliquem ad internecionem cædere.
CARNAL, voluptarius (in a less evil sense): libidinosus (without restraint): ad voluptates propensus; voluptatibus or rebus venereis deditus; libidinum plenus:libidine accensus (where a single instance, and not a habit, is implied): impudicus (without shame): a carnal life, vita libidinosa; vita libidinibus dedita, or in libidines effusa: to be carnal, libidini deditum esse; libidinum plenum esse.
CARNALITY, libido; voluptatis studium.
CARNALLY, libidinoso: to be carnally-minded, libidinibus servire.
CARNATION, candor carnosus (Plinius, 11, 37, 54): carnis color. || The flower, dianthus caryophyllus (Linnæus).
CARNEOUS, camosus (applied to fruits).
CARNIVAL, * Saturnalia, quibus personati discurrunt homines: to celebrate carnival, perhaps * ante jejunia annua comissari. [Georges gives Libero patri operari.]
CARNIVOROUS, qui came, or carnibus, vescitur: carnivorus (Plinius, 9, 24, 40, and 10, 73, 93).
CARNOSITY (a fleshy excrescence), polypus, polypus carnosus: he who has it, polyposus (Martialis, 12, 37, 2).
CAROL, * cantus lætus (song of joy):hymnus (to the Deity). || Song, VID, cantilena; canticum; cantio.
CAROL, cantare: in praise of anybody, alicujus laudes cantu prosequi. Vid. SING.
CAROUSAL,comissatio: Cf., campotatio used in several passages of Cicero, but only as a translation of the Greek ουμπόσιον , never as a Raman expression.
CAROUSE, potare, comissari: whole days, totos dies potare or perpotare: for several days together, diem noctemque continuare potando: till evening, perpotare ad vesperum.
CARP, cyprinus (Plinius, 9, 16, 25, Hard.): cyprinus carpio (Linnæus): young carp, fetus cyprinorum: a pondfor carp, cyprinorum piscina.
CARP AT, carpere: vellicare: maledico ore vellicare (maliciously). To carp at indirectly, aliquem obliquis orationibus carpere: aliquem oblique perstringere; jacolari in aliquem obliquis sententiis; cavillari aliquem or aliquid: the soldiers carped at Sabinus, Sabinus mititum vocibus carpebatur: to carp at every body, dieteria dicere in omnes: to carp at every thing, omnia in vitium vertere; to carp at bitterly, acerbis facetiis aliquem irridere.
CARPENTER, faber tignarius, or materiarius (as a worker in wood): faber ædium (as employed in building). A ship-carpenter, faber navalis. The guild of carpenters, collegium fabrorum tignariorum (Inscriptions).
CARPENTRY, || the art, febrica materiaria (Plinius, 7, 56, 57, §198); opera febrilis (Seneca, Benef., 6, 38, 3).
CARPER, reprehensor; vituperator; objurgator; castigator (in single instances): homo minima re ad reprehendendum contentus (the habitual carper): irrisor; irridens (one who makes himsetf merry with carping at persons and things): cavillator (one who avails himself of the merest quibbles in carping): derisor; deridens (who carps insultingly): irrisor petulans (who carps pertly).
CARPET, v., tapete or -is sternere, insternere.
CARPET, tapea ( τάπης ) or, Latinized, tapetum (a carpet, commonly shaggy, and interwoven with different colors and figures, to adorn walls, tables, beds, floors, and also horses): peristroma, atis, n. ( περίστρωμα ), or, in pure Latin, stragulum; peripetasma, atis, n.: to bring on the carpet, commemorare aliquid, mentionem alicujus rei facere, inferre, injicere: movere or commovere aliquid (to start; e.g., nova quædam): injicere aliquid (in sermone): in medium proferre aliquid (to bring it forward), (The words are found in this connection and order), commemorare et in medium proferre: to bring a subject often on the carpet, mentionem alicujus rei agitare; crebro or crebris sermonibus nsurpare aliquid: a subject was brought on the carpet, incidit sermo de aliqua re.
CARRIAGE, vectio, gestatio: portatio (as an act; SYN. under CARRY): vectura (also money paid for carriage; also vecturæ pretium). To pay for the carriage, pro vectura solvere:|| vehiculum (of any sort): currus (with wheels, and formed for rapid motion): chiramaxium (for children to be drawn by the hand, Petronius, 28, 4):carpentum (one of the most ancient carriages, ornamented, for ladies): currus arcuatus (carriage with an arched covering, for the Flamines, Livius, 1, 21): pilentum (a lofty four-wheeled carriage for matrons, when they carried with them the vessels used in sacred rites, Servius): tensa, or thensa (a four-wheeled carriage, on which the images of the gods were carried in the Ludi Circenses with cushions, pulvinaria): cisium (a two-wheeled carriage for fast travelling, a cabriolet): rheda (a Gallic word; a larger four-wheeled carriage, to contain several persons with their luggage).|| Gait, incessus.
CARRIER, qui affert, defert, perfert, etc.: tabellarius (a letter-carrier): gerulus (a porter): aquarius (o water-carrier). A carrier pigeon, *columba tabellaria.
CARRION, cadaver; often expressed by morticinus with a sibstantive; as, ovis morticina, carrion sheep: looking like carrion is expressed by cadaverosus: the smell of carrion, cadareris or cadaverum odor.
CARROT, daucus sativus (Linnæus).
CARROTINESS, rufus color.
CARROTY, rufus: carrroty-haired, capillo rufo (at ugly: capillo rutilo implies beauty). CARRY, sustinere (to lift up and remain stationary): ferre (to carry, as a load): bajulare (to carry on the shoulder, as a pack): portare (to transport frum one place to another): gerere; gestare (to carry about, whether on the back, or in the arms, or hand): vehere; vectare (to convey by means of beasts or slaves, whether persons or things, frum one place to another): to carry a boy in the arms, in manibus gestare puerum: to carry loads on the back, as beasts of burden, onera dorso gerere sicut jumenta: to be carried through the city in a litter, lectica ferri or portari, gestari or vehi per urbem: my feet carry me of their own accord to your room, ad diætam tuam ipsi me pedes ducunt (Plinius, Ep., 7, 5, 1): to carry one’s all with one, omnia sua secum portare: to carry home, domum ferre: to carry one’s self home, or make one’s self scarce, domum se auferre (in comedy): to carry to the grave, funere efferre, or merely efferre: a gun carries far, e tormento tela longssime mitti possunt:to carry a gold chain, aureo torque ornatum esse: to carry a sword, gladio cinctum or succinctum esse: to carry a point, adipisci;
assequi; consequi: to carry one’s self honorably, honeste se gerere:to carry to account, in rationem inducere, or merely inferre or inducere. || CARRY AWAY, abducere, deducere; avehere, devehere (by any conveyance): vi abducere; vi abstrahere (by force): furto susducere (by stealth): to be carried away by the stream, vi fluminis abreptum esse. || CARRY OFF ( = destroy). [Vid. DESTROY.]|| CARRY OUT or THROUGH, ad finem perducere; absolvere; exsequi. || CARRY ON an art or profession, artem exercere; factitare:to carry on with spirit, omni studio incumbere in aliquid; diligenter persequi quod; summa industria versari in re.|| CARRY OVER, transportare; transvehere (by land or water): transmittere; trajicere (by water). || To carry a point, vincere:to carry the day, victoriam consequi or adipisci; victoriam reportare; sueriorem or victorem discedere; palmam ferre; victoriam referre (ex aliquo); victoriam reportare ab or de aliquo. Paov.to carry coals to Newcastle, ligna in silvam ferre: a thing to extremities, ultima experiri:a thing too far, modum excedere in re: water through anybody’s land, aquam per fundum alicujus ducere: any body’s demands to anybody, alicujus ad aliquem postulata deferre: to carry a town by assault, urbem vi or per vim expugnare;vi or impetu capere: to carry it high, or with a high hand, insolentem, superbum, etc, se gerere: to carry a bill through, legem periferre: rogationem perferre.
CART, carrus or carrum (a four-wheeled wagon, for baggage of war): plaustrum (with two or four wheels, for burden of all sorts): plostellum (little cart; also a play-cart for children): vehiculum (general term): to put the cart before the horse, præpostere or perturbato ordine agere (cum aliquo). What can be more completely putting the cart before the horse ? quid tam perversum præposterumque excogitari potest ? (Cicero). Don’t put the cart before the horse, (videndum est) ne quid perturbatum aut discrepans aut præposterum sit (Cicero). || A child’s cart, chiramaxium (Paron.).
CART, v., plaustro vehere or invehere (carry in a cart): in plaustrum imponere (put into). To be carted, plaustro vehi or invehi.
CART-GREASE, axungia.
CART-HORSE, equus vectuarius (general term for horse that draws: after Schneider’s conjecture on Varr., R. R., 2, 7, 15, where neither vectarius nor vectorius is suitable): jumentum (any beast of burden or far draught): caballus (any horse for common use or labor).
CART-HOUSE (or SHED),* receptaculum vehiculorum or plaustrorum.
CARTE-BLANCHE, licenda. To give anybody carte-blanche, infinitam licentiam alicui dare, largiri or permittene: potestatem alicui facere, concedere.
CARTEL, || stipulation for exchange of prisoners, pactio de capti vis et transfuris permutandis. || Hostile message, * literæ (ad certamen singulare) provocantes. CARTER, plaustrarius (Ulpianus, Dig.).
CARTILAGE, cartilago.
CARTILAGINOUS, cartilaginosus (having much cartilage): cartilagineus (like cartilage.
CARTOUCH, *embolorum theca (cartridge-box).
CARTRIDGE, *embolus (technical term).
Cartridge-box, * embolorum theca.
CARTULARY, tabulinum or tablinum (place in a Roman house where papers were kept): tabularium (place where public records are kept: later archivum: archium:grammatophylacion).
CART-WRIGHT, plaustrarius artifex (late): vehicularius artifex (general term).
CARVE, cœlare (from κοῖλος: to work figures in relief on metals, especially silver, ivory, etc; also m wood, Vergilius. Freund writes cælare): scalpare: sculpere (the former of work but little raised, like ξέειν:the latter like γλύφειν, of works in half or whole relief. So Müller, Archæol, 108):insculpere: scribere: inscribere (of cutting inscriptions). To carve anything in gold, aliquid auro or in auro cœlare: to carve in stone, aliquid e saxo sculpere or exsculpere: to carve in marble, to carve statues in marble, scalpere marmora (Cicero):to carve flowers, scalpere flores (Vitruvius).To carve anything on a tree or wood, aliquid in robore insculpere. || To carve meat, secare: scindere (a whole animal):in frusta excutere (of dividing into small portions what had been partially carved, Seneca): carpere (of dividing into portions with the fingers, Petronius). || To carve out a way or passage with one’s sword, ferro sibi viam facere. || Apportion or arrange arbitrarily for one’s self aliquid sibi arripere: *aliquas res, prout libet (or ad arbitrium suum, ad libidinem. etc.) describere ac disponere: to carve secundum artem, certis ductibus circumferre manum eruditam (Seneca): to carve well, decenter secare aliquid (e.g., altilia. Seneca).
CARVEL, navicula: parvulum navigium (general term): lenunculus (a small bark): actuariolum (a small, low-built and light vessel, with sails and oars).
CARVER, || at table, scissor: carptor (general term): chironomon (χειρονομῶν, so far as he does it with flourishes of the hand, etc.; sometimes to music Vid, Petronius, 36, 6): structor (he who lays out the table, since he was oftan also the carver):qui opsonium carpit (who is actually carving).|| Sculptor, VID.
CARVING, cœlatura: sculptura: scalptura [SYN. in CARVE]. || As thing, cœlamen (Ovidius): signum (any plastic work;opposed to tabulæ, picturæ). [Vid. STATUE.]|| Act of carving meat, etc., circumlocution by verbs under CARVE.
CARUNCLE, caruncula (Cicero): sarcoma, atis.
CARYATES, CARYATIDES,
Caryatides.
CASCADE, water-fall, dejectus aquæ (a place where the water actually falls):aquæ ex edito desilientes (falling from a height, Plinius, Ep, 5, 6, 23; vid. § 37 description of an artificial water-fall):Vid. cataracta (only of the cataracts of the Nile).
CASE, || covering, etc., theca (general term; e.g., of a razor): vagina (sheath, for a long cutting or sticking instrument):involucrum (wrapper, covering; e.g., of a shield, papers, etc.). || State of things, casus (but always in the meaning of accidental circumstance, casualty, etc.: hence “in such a case” must not be hoc casu, in hoc casu): res (thing, circumstance, etc.;especially of the happening, etc., of a case):causa (special case that is also a cause or ground; as in Cicero, Off., 3. 12. 50, incidunt sæpe causæ, quum repugnare utilitas honestati videtur): locus (a position, a consideration, a portion of a whole subject, as in cui loco — consulite ac providete, Cicero, 1 Verr., 15, 43): tempus: occasio (occasion; state of things at any time). I have often been in this case, aliquoties eandem rem expertus sum; aliquoties idem mihi accidit (evenit): the case often occurs, res sæpe accidit, usu venit; that, etc., sæpe accidit, ut, etc.: if the case should occur, si usus veniat or venerit; si quando usus esset; si casus inciderit (only Planc., in Cicero., Ep., 10, 21, 13): (special) cases often occur, etc., sæpe incidunt causæ or tempora: the case may occur, fieri potest, usu venire potest: the case can not occur, non potest accidere tempus; this was seldum the case, hoc raro incidebat.In any case, utcunque res ceciderit (however it may turn out): certe:profecto (at all events): in case of necessity, si quid facto opus esset (εἴ τι δέοι; vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 42): in an urgent case, in a case of extreme necessity, necessario tempore (Cæsar, B. G., 7, 40, med.). In good case (fat, well-liking), nitidus, pinguis, etc. To be in good case, nitere, nitidum, or pinguem esse: to be prepared for every possible case, ad omnem eventum, or ad omnes casus paratum esse: in anybody’s case, in aliquo (e.g., in the case of the Nervii, in Nerviis): in no case, neutiquam:omnino non: nullo modo: nullam in partem: to find one’s self in such a case, in ea esse conditione: in the same case, in eadem esse conditione: if I were in that case, isto loco si essem: his is a different case, who, etc., alia causa est ejus, qui, etc.: that is not the case, that is another case, alia res est; aliud est: is not this the case in every nation ? an hoc non ita fit in omni populo ? To suppose a case, or the case, fingere; facere; ponere: let us suppose the case, that, etc., fingamus (faciamus, etc.) rem ita esse. Supposing the case that, quo (hoc) posito (not posito only).|| In case that ( = “on the supposition that;” “if”), si, also si est, ut, etc. (Vorst., De Lat., falso susp.): si forte: even in case, etc., etiam si ( καὶ εἰ: etiamsi = εἰ καί ).|| In grammar, casus. For particular cases, vid. NONIMINATIVE, etc. || Medical case, morbus; ægrotatio: causa (technical term in medicine). || Judicial case, causa.|| CASES OF CONSCIENCE, quæstiones de moribus: *officia hominis Christiani in locis dusiis. To determine cases of conscience, * explicare quæstiones de moribus: * officia hominis Christiani in locis dubiis dijudicare.
CASE, v., condere, recondere aliquid in aliquem rem (to put it into for the purpose of keeping it there; e.g., gladium in vaginam recondere, also gladium condere only): tegere (general term for cover):obtegere: contegere: integere: protegere (cover over): obducere aliquid alicui rei (to draw one thing over another; to coat one thing with another). To be cased with a bark, obduci cortice. Nature has cased the eye with membranes, natura oculos membranis sepsit et munivit. A column cased with gold, columna extrinsecus Inaurata (Cicero).
CASE-HARDEN, no special term:* externas alicujus rei partes durare or indurare:* aliquid extrinsecus durare, or indurare.
CASEMATE, * cella tormentaria.
CASEMENT, no special term: vid. WINDOW.
CASH, pecunia præsens or numerata:nummi præsentes or numerati (ready money): also nummus only (especially when there is any opposition; as in prædia locare non nummo sed partibus).
Cash payment, repræsentatio,
with or without pecuniæ: to pay in cash, præsenti pecunia, or numurato solvere; pecuniam repræsentare: to pay anybody in hard cash, in pecunia alicui satisfacere: to sell for cash, præsenti pecunia vendere (die oculata vendere, proverb in Plautus): to be sold for cash, præsenti pecunia venire. Vid. MONEY.
CASH-KEEPER, CASHIER, exactor pecuniarum (who collects sums due):* custos pecuniarum (keeper of the chest).
CASHIER, v., loco suo aliquem movere (general term): removere, abmovere, or submovere aliquem a munere (especially from a public office, public):abolere alicui magistratum (a magistrate):to cashier a soldier, aliquem militia solvere. CASING, Vid. CASE = covering.
CASINO, conventiculum, circulus.
CASK, cadus: dolium: seria. Vid. BARREL.
CASKET, arcula: capsula: capsella:cistula: cistellula. SYN. in BOX.
CASQUE, galea.
CASSATION, abolitio: antiquatio (e.g., pœnæ): inductio.
CASSEROLLE, perhaps sartago.
CASSIA, * cassia cathartica.
CAST, v., jacere — jactare (to cast repeatedly or constantly): mittere (to send from one’s hand): jaculari (to hurl from the hand): conjicere (to hurl, with especial reference to hitting an object; often at the same time with others: also, to throw into a place; as, milites in locum; aliquem in vincula): injicere (to cast into): into anything, alicui rei or in aliquid. To cast anything at anybody, aliquem petere aliqua re (e.g., with an apple, malo). To cast stones, lapides jacere: at anybody, lapides mittere or conjicere in aliquem:lapidibus petere aliquem; lapidibus aliquem prosequi (to persecute him by hurling stones at him): to cast stones at one another, *alter alterum lapidibus petit:to cast anything at anybody’s head, in caput alicujus aliquid jaculari: money into the sea, pecuniam in mare jubere mergi:to cast a cloak about one, pailium circumjicere: to cast a light, lucem mittere (e.g., luna mittit lucem in terram): to cast one’s eyes at anything, oculos conjicere ad or in aliquid: blame on anybody, aliquem reprehendere (de or in aliqua re); aliquem vituperare de aliqua re [vid. BLAME, v.]. To cast a nativity, animadvertere et notare sidera natalicia; fata per genituras interpretari (after Ammian): any body’s nativity, prædicere et notare vitam alicujus ex natali die (after Cicero, De Divin., 2, 42, init.): to cast one’s teeth, dentes cadunt, decidual or excidunt: feathers, *plumas mutare: one’s skin, pellem exuere; vernationem or senectam exuere (of serpents): a stumbling-block in the way, impedimentum alicui afferre, or inferre; obstare alicui; impedire aliquem: dust in anybody’s eyes, alicui fumum facere; glaucomam ob oculos objicere, nebulas cudere (in comedy): in the eyes of one’s hearers, verborum et argutiarum fuliginem ob oculos audientium jacere (Gellius): to cast anything in anybody’s teeth [vid. CAST AGAINST]: to cast one’s self on the earth, procumbere humi, ad terram projici (both also of falling unintentionally):at anybody’s feet, se ad alicujus pedes projicere or abjicere; or se alicui ad pedes projicere or abjicere (e.g., se Cæsari ad pedes projicere): [lots, anchor, an account, etc., vid. those words]. || To cast (i.e., form by pouring fused metal into a mold), fundere: of anything, ex aliqua re: fingere (general term for forming by a plastic method). || CAST ABOUT, jactare (toss hither and thither): dispergere (scatter: per): = consider, vid. || To be cast, in a lawsuit, causa cadere: to cast, damnare, condemnare (of the judges).|| CAST AGAINST, objicere aliquid alicui rei ( = reproach with anything): objicere (the proper word): exprobrare: opprobrare:objurgare aliquem de aliqua re:aliquid crimini dare alicui. || CAST AWAY, abjicere, projicere (e.g., arma): one’s shield, scutum e manu emittere: money, pecuniam profundere: one’s self, se abjicere (in a moral sense; not se projicere, which is “to run headlong into danger”):se prmæcipitare, or præcipitare only, or præcipitari in exitium (rush to destruction): to be cast away ( = suffer shipwreck), naufragium facere. || Cast back, rejicere.|| CAST DOWN: (1) PROPR., affligere terræ or ad terram: sternere, prosternere: one’s eyes, oculos in terram demittere or dejicere; oculos dejicere: terram intueri: before anybody, alicui oculos susmittere: modestly, terram modeste intueri: (2) FIG., dishearten, affligere:any body, aliquem or alicujus animum affligere; alicujus animum frangere or infringere.|| CAST FORTH, jacere: cjicere.|| CAST IN or INTO, injicere aliquid alicui rei or in aliquid: into prison, in custodiam dare: in vincula conjicere: a sleep, sopire, consopire: alicui somnum afferre, parere, conciliare: in one’s mind, cogitare cum, or in animo, or aliquid, or de aliqua re: considerare in animo cum animo, secum; or only considerare aliquid or de aliqua re: aliquid agitare mente, animo, or in mente or cum animo:perpendere, pensitare aliquid: secum or cum animo reputare aliquid. || Cast OFF, ponere: deponere (lay down. or aside): exuere (put off): abjicere (throw away). To cast off clothes, vestem pone re, deponere, abjicere (which one has thrown off: vestem deponere also of rejecting as worn out): vestem exuere (which one has pulled off): human feeling, omnem humanitatem exuere: a servant, dimittere aliquem: the dogs, canibus vin cla demere (Ovidius): canes immittere or instigare (in feras). || CAST OUT, abigere (drive off): pellere, depellere: propellere: proturbare (one who is forcing himself in): expellere: extrudere: exturbare (out of a place): exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate (of driving him out of the limits of a city or state): out of a house, aliquem domo ejicere; aliquem foras extrudere: out of a city, ex urbe ejicere:devils, dæmonas adjuratione divini nominis expellere ac fugare (Lactantius). || CAST UP: PROPR., sublime jacere (after Plinius, 11, 2, 1, § 4): earth, terram adaggerare:earth about a tree, arborem aggerare: a mound, aggerem jacere, exstruere: a ball, pilam in altum mittere: one’s eyes, oculos tollere: an account, computare aliquid or rationem alicujus rei [vid. ACCOUNT].FIG., vomit, evomere, exspuere [vid. VOMIT] || CAST UPON: PROPR., superinjicere; gravel on the road, glarea superstruere viam. FIG., trust to, fidere or confidere alicui, or alicui rei, or aliqud re:niti aliqua re: one’s hope upon anybody, spem ponere, reponere, constituere in aliquo: blame on anybody, culpam in aliquem conferre, conjicere: from one’s self, culpam in aliquem transferre. || Casting vote, perhaps * sutfragium or punctum decretorium:* vox decretoria.
CAST, s., throw, jactus: missus: jaculatio: conjectio (e.g., telorum) [SYN. in CAST, v.] ictus (a successful cast, a hit).A stone’s cast, lapidis jactus or conjectus (e.g., extra lapidis, teli, etc., jactum or conjectum esse: a cast of dice, jactus or missus talorum or tesserarum. SYN. in DIE, DICE, where the names of the casts will be found). || Risk, venture, alea: to venture anything at a cast, aliquid in aleam dare (properly and figuratively):aliquid in discrimen committere, vocare, deferre, or adducere: aliquid discrimini committere: often by agitur aliquid or do aliqua re (any thing is at stake): or by dimicare de aliqua re. My life is ventured upon the cast, de vita dimico: de vita in discrimen vocor: to be brought to the last cast, in ultimum discrimen adduci (to be brought into the greatest danger):ultima audere, experiri; ad extrema or ad ultimum auxilium descendere (to be trying one’s last chance). It is our last chance, ad extrema perventum est; res est ad extremum perducta casum.|| Molded figure, signum: imago ficta: simulacrum fictile: figura fictilia (if of clay or plaster): signum aeneum signum ex ære factum or expressum (if of brass). || Form, imago, species, forma. (The words are found in this connection and order), species et forma: infonnatio.|| Cast of the eyes, limi or perversi oculi: to have a cast with one’s eye, limis or perversis oculis esse; strabonem esse.|| Trick, ars: artificium. || Shade of color: to have a cast of black, nigricare (to be blackish): nigrescere (to become black): of violet, in violam vergere, violam sentire, in violam desinere (Plinius).White with a cast of violet, candidus color violam sentiens (Plinius). || Body of men, etc., corpus. The military or sacerdotal cast, corpus militum or sacerdotum: or only milites, sacerdotes. The spirit of cast, mostly by spiritus, with an adjective describing the cast; e.g., of the patricians, spiritus patricii (Livius). IMPROPR., genus:farina. He is of our cast, est nostræ farinæ (i.e., as bad as we are, Persius): of the same cast, ejusdem generis or farinæ. CASTANET, crotalum.
CASTAWAY, damnatus (condemned; hence, also, reprobate, vile: quis te miserior? quis te damnatior? * Cicero, Pis. 40, extr.): profligatus: perditus (abandoned).(The words are found in this connection and order), prodigatus et perditus: sceleratus.|| Shipwrecked, vid.
CASTELLAIN, castelli præfectus:*custos conclavium arcis (if only the superintendent of the rooms, etc.).
CASTER, || one who throws, jaculator (one who hurls; e.g., fulminis):circumlocution with verbs under CAST, qui jacit, etc. Vid. Conjector is one who conjectures, divines, etc. || One who calculates fortunes, conjector. || Wheel under chairs, etc., rotula. To put a caster on anything, rotulam alicui rei subjicere.
CASTIGATE, castigare (with a view to amendment): punire (as a penal retribution). Vid. PUNISH.
CASTIGATION, castigatio (chastisement which may serve to improve the individual; especially a rebuke): pœna (for the general good). etc. Vid. PUNlSHMENT.
CASTIGATOR, castigator.
CASTIGATORY, castigatorius (Plinius).
CASTING-NET, funda: jaculum: rete (general term for net: diminutive, reticulum).
CAST IRON, * ferrum fusum.
CASTLE, arx (on an eminence, and fortified): castrum (fort: rare): castellum (small fort, fort). Governor of a castle, *castelli præfectus.
Castles in the air, somnia. To build castles in the air, somnia sibi fingere (Lucretius): in aere piscari (Plautus, according to Riddle).
CASTOR, castor (κάστωρ): later fiber, Plinius, Vid, Accusative, castora in Juv.
CASTRAMETATION, * ars castra metandi.
CASTRATE, virilitatem alicui adimere, excidere, or exsecare. Vid. Castrare, evirare, eunuchare, belong rather to the language of low comedy.
CASUAL, Vid. ACCIDENTAL.
CASUALLY, Vid. “by accident,” under ACCIDENT.
CASUALTY, casus: res fortuita: eventus.To be exposed to many casualties, sub casibus multis esse.
CASUARY, * struthio casuarius (Linnæus).
CASUIST, * qui quæstiones de moribus (hominis Christiani) explicat: * qui officia bominis Christiani in locis dubiis dijudicat.
CASUISTRY, by circumlocution, to be skilled in casuistry, * quæstiones de moribus optime judicare. || Sophistry, conclusiuncula fallax (a piece of sophistry):captio dialectica. To defeat anybody’s casuistry, sophisma diluere; captionem repellere, discutere.
CAT, felis, feles. Tom-cat, * felis mas.
Cat-like, * feli similis: adv., * more felis.To live like cot and dog, perpetuis inter se jurgiis certare:* tanta est alicui cum aliquo discordia, quanta canibus felibusque sortito obtigit (after Horatius., lupis et agnis quanta sortito obtigit. Tecum mihi discordia est). || Three-footed support, tripus, ödis. || Cat-o’-nine-tails, flagrum: flagellum (whip of single thongs; when furnished with iron spikes, Scorpio, Isid., Orig., 5, 27. Scutica was of thongs woven together). To flog with a cat-o’-nine-tails, flagris or flagellis cædere: to death, aliquem flagellis ad mortem cædere (Horatius, Sat., 1, 2, 12).
CATACOMBS, puticuli; *catacumbæ.
CATALOGUE, index (catalogus, late):of a library, index bibliothecæ or librorum (Seneca, Tranq., 9, 4; Quint., 10, 1, 57):of an auction, tabula rerum venalium.
CATAPLASM, cataplasms (general term): malagma (emollient application). Warm cataplasms, cataplasmata calida.
CATAPULT, catapulta.
CATARACT, cataracta (only of the Nile). Vid. WATERFALL.
CATARRH, epiphora (έπιφορά) or (in later writers) catarrhus (κατάρῥους): in pure Latin, destillatio. To be suffering from a catarrh, epiphora opprimi or *laborare.
CATARRHAL,*catarrhalis. A catarrhal fever, febris catarrhalis.
CATASTROPHE, catastropha (turn or development of an action, Petronius, 54, 3):fortunæ vicissitudo or commutatio (change of fortune): exitus (catastrophe of a dramatic piece, etc.).
CATCH, v., capere (also, figuratively, to ensnare by deceit or captivate by attractions): comprehendere (seize: a thief):accipere: excipere (catch; e.g., a ball; excipere, especially when it was thrown up high): legere (pick up; e.g., oysters):decipere: circumvenire (catch by deceit).To try to catch, captare (e.g., flies, a ball: also men, of prostitutes): to catch in any act. etc., deprehendere in re. To be caught in the act of stealing, in furto teneri.To catch fire, ignem (flammam) concipere; ignem comprehendere: κυρικιμασαηικοscintillas excipere (of tinder: fungus aridus scintillas excipit, Plinius): apt to catch fire, concipiendo igni aptus; concipiendis ignibus idoneus; ignis capacissimus; facilis ad exardescendum (the last also of being of a fiery temper): to catch a disease, morbum nancisci; morbum or valetudinem contrahere; eadem vi morbi repleri (by infection) [vid. DISEASE]: to catch one’s death, *in morbum gravem et mortiferum incidere:*morbum mortiferum contrahere:*morbo mortifero implicari: to catch cold, perfrigescere: to catch an opponent, adversarium capere (by captious questions. etc.): to catch anybody by captious questions, captiosis interrogationibus circumscribere et decipere aliquem: the fire catches anything, ignis or flamma comprehendit, corripit aliquid: to catch hold of anybody, aliquem prehendere, comprehendere, arripere: by the waist, aliquem medium amplecti. || Seize the meaning, capere: intelligere (mente):percipere: assequi. || Catch at, captare: an opportunity, occasionem capere, arripere: to eagerly catch at the opportunity, libenter facultatem (aliquid faciendi) arripere; occasionem aliquid faciendi avidissime amplecti (Plinius).
CATCH, s., || act of catching; captura.|| Thing caught, quod capit aliquis:præda. || Gain, lucrum, fructus, commodum [vid. ADVANTAGE]. || Of a lock. etc., perhaps ansa or ansa ferrea (iron hook, cramp, Vitruvius), or fibula (for holdine two things together).
CATCHING, TO BE, (of disorders), transire in alios: a disorder that is catching, contagio (contagium is unclassical) morbi: pestilentia (violent epidemic).
CATCHING, as adj., contagiosus.
CATCH-POLL, perhaps apparitor.
CATECHETICAL, catecheticus (κατηχιστικός).
CATECHETICALLY, catechetice.
CATECHISM, catechismus ( κατηχισμός , ecclesiastical).
CATECHIST, catechista ( κατηχιςτής , ecclesiastical).
CATECHIZE, catechizare (ecclesiastical, κατηχίζειν): percunctando et interrogando elicere discipulorum opiniones, et ad hæc, quæ hi respondeant, si quid videatur, dicere (Cicero, Fin., 2, 1, 2).
CATECHIZING, catechesis ( κατήχησις , ecclesiastical).
CATECHUMEN, audieus (Tertullianus, Pœn., 6).
CATEGORICAL, simplex (simple; straight-forward): absolutus (dependent on nothing else; absolute). (The words are found in this connection and order),simplex et absolutus (opposed to cum adjunctione):purus (unmixed; not limited by any exception; e.g., judicium).
CATEGORICALLY, simpliciter: absolute: sine exceptione or adjunctione:definite (with a full statement of particulars; opposed to generatim): diserte (expressly, in erpress words: disertia verbis, wrong). To answer categorically, sine ulla dubitatione respondere. To speak categorically, presse dicere (so as to keep close to the point; opposed to ample dicere, Cicero.).
CATEGORY, genus (general term, genus, class): categoria ( κατηγορία ), or pure Latin, prædicamenta, plural (in logic).
CATENARIAN, catenarius.
CATER, opsonare or opsonari: also opsonare opsonium (Plaut., to purchase provisions; to buy for the kitchen): sometimes cœnam parare, instruere; convivium instruere, apparare, etc.; or mensas (conquisitissimis) epulis instruere, etc., may help. CATER (at dice), s., quaternio. To throw cater, quaternionem mittere.
CATER-COUSIN, || distant relation, qui aliquem longinqua cognatione contingunt. || Parasitus.
CATERER, opsonator.
CATERPILLAR, eruca (Greek κάμπη , which is used as a Latin word by poets and late writers). To destroy caterpillars, erucas evincere: to clear trees of caterpillars, * arbores erucis purgare or liberare.
CATERWAUL, ululare (howl like dogs, wolves, etc.): ejulare (cry out for the purpose of moving compassion; e.g., as women at funerals): plorare: lamentari (The words are found in this connection and order), ejulare atque lamentari.
CATERWAULING, ululatus: ejulatus, ejulatio: ploratus, lamentatio [SYN. in CATERWAUL: those in us the howl itself; those in io the action of howling].
CATES, cibus delicatus: cuppedia or cuppediæ: cibi delicatiores: res ad epulandum exquisitissimæ: bonæ res (Nepos, Ages., 8, 5: translation of τὰ ἀγαθά , the nice bits. etc., at table): gulæ irritamenta (as provocatives to the appetite).
CAT-GUT, chorda: nervus.
CATHARTIC. Vid. APERIENT.
CATHEDRAL, * ædes cathedralis.
CATHETER, catheter, eris (καθετἠρ).
CATHOLIC, catholicus (ecclesiastical). A catholic, homo catholicus. || If used for Roman Catholic, vid.
CATHOLICISM, * fides catholica (subjective):* doctrina catholica (objective).
CATKINS, julus:*amentum (Linnæus).
CAT-LIKE, *feli similis.
CAT-MINT, *tencrium amarum (Linnæus).
CATOPTRICS, catoptrica (as a technical term):*quæ de luce ac lumine traduntur.
CATS-EYE, lapis specularis.
CATTLE, pecus, oris, n., pecudes, dum, f. (the former especially of the larger, oxen, horses. etc.; the latter of the smaller, as sheep, goats. etc.): armentum, armenta, plural (beasts for draught or burden, especially for ploughing; oxen, horses, mules, asses; also herd): grex (flock, i.e., of the smaller animals: sheep, goats, etc.):jumentum (a beast of draught). (The words are found in this connection and order), pecus et jumenta; armenta et greges. To keep cattle, pecus et jumenta alere. Fat cattle, pecus altile: pecudes altiles (for fattening): pecus saginatum (fattened):horned cattle, cornuta (sc. animalia):*armenta cornuta: cornigera and bucera are poetical.
CAUDLE, the nearest similar preparation was perhaps œnogarum ( οἰνόγαρον , Apicius, 1, 31).
CAUL (for the hair), reticulum (Juvenalis, 2, 97): calautica (not calantica, was probably a sort of veil covering the head and shoulders). || In anatomy, omentum (ἐπίπλοον).
CAULIFLOWER, brassica botryitis (Linnæus).
CAULK. Vid. CALK.
CAUSAL, by circumlocution. Vid. CAUSALITY.
CAUSALITY, rerum causæ aliis ex re bus aptæ.
CAUSE, causa (general term: also “pretence”): fons: origo (source). (The words are found in this connection and order), causa et fons: causa et origo: auctor:effector: princeps (cause when an agent; SYN. in AUTHOR): ansa: materia (occasion, handle for anything); ratio (ground):unde fit aliquid. The sun is the cause of warmth, sol est caloris origo et fons:nothing
happens without a cause, nihil evenit sine causa antecedente: he is the cause of the war, ille est auctor or concitator belli: to search for a cause for declaring war, materiam belli quærere: to give anybody cause for blaming one, ansam dare ad reprehendendum: to have just cause for blaming anybody, ansam reprehensionis habere: to seek for a cause, causam quærere; materiam alicujus rei quærere; ansam quærere ut, etc.; occasionem aliquid faciendi quærere: to invent or feign causes, causas confingere:to have good cause to do anything, cum causa aliquid facere; non sine gravi causa aliquid facere: without cause, sine causa; temere: not without cause, non temere: for more causes than one, aliquot de causis: for what cause ? quamobrem ? qua de causa ? You have no cause to do anything; or, there is no cause for, etc., non est (or nihil est) quod, or quare, or cur; or nihil est causæ, cur; causa non est, cur (verb in subjunctive in all these expressions). What cause have you for … ? quid est causæ cur . . . ? or, quid est, cur …? to give anybody cause for suspicion, suspicionem movere: to be the cause of anything, locum dare or facere alicui rei; i.e., to make its existence possible; e.g., fabulæ, roendacio, miraculo: auctorem esse alicujus rei; alicujus rei ordiendæ principem esse: occasionem dare or præbere alicujus rei [vid. CAUSE, v.].|| Cause (in law), actio: lis: causa: res [SYN. in ACTION]. A capital cause, causa capitalis: lis capitalis. A criminal cause, causa publica. To gain a cause, litem or causam obtinere: judicium vincere: also only vincere: to lose a cause, litem amittere; causam or litem perdere: causa or lite cadere; formula cadere or excidere:to plead a cause, causam agere or tractare: agere apud judices (general term):causam or litem orare (to make a speech upon it): to plead his own cause, litem suam facere: to undertake a cause, causam, or litem suscipere, or recipere (the former not to refuse when requested; the latter to do it voluntarily): the cause is still undecided, nondum dijudicata lis est (after Horatius, Od., 3, 5. 54): adhuc sub judice lis est (Horatius, A. P., 78): not to go on with a cause, causam deponere, ab causa recedere; causam susceptam affligere (of the person conducting it). || Party, side, vid. PARTY.
CAUSE, v., auctorem esse alicujus rei (to be its author; e.g., legis, belli, alicujus reditus): creare (to produce or create: errorem, bellum): movere (excite, stir up; risum, bellum, suspicionem): ansam dare or præbere alicujus rei or ad aliquid faciendum (to give a handle for; e.g., reprehensionis or ad reprehendendum):alicujus rei ordiendæ principem esse:causam alicujus rei inferre (to cause it; give the first occasion of it; e.g., jurgii):occasionem dare or præbere alicujus rei (to supply the opportunity: e.g., sui opprimendi).To cause anybody to do anything, adducere aliquem ad aliquid (lead him to it): commovere aliquem ad aliquid (move him to it): incitare or concitare aliquem ad aliquid (excite him to it): auctorem esse, ut, etc.; aliquem impellere ut, etc. (urge or drive him to it). || Excite: be the exciting cause of: excitare: concitare (any action or passion; laughter; hatred; envy; compassion; a war):excire: conciere or concire (in classical prose = “to raise in the mind a passionate impulse to do something;” seldum to produce a passion or evil; e.g., iram conciere, seditionem conciere: terrorem excitare): movere: commovere (to agitate the mind: then, also, to produce an emotion, evil, etc., misericordiam, bellum, seditionem movere or commovere: risum, suspicionem movere ): conflare (blow into a flame; kindle: alicui invidiam; bellum): to cause perspiration by exercise, sudorem exercitatione movere: a dispute, controversiam inferre: a quarrel, causam jurgii inferre: admiration, admirationem efficere: a desire, cupiditatem afferre (alicui alicujus rei): pain, dolorem movere, commovere, facere, efficere: to cause anybody lasting pain, dolorem alicui inurere: lusts, libidines excitare: sleep, alicui somnum afferre, parere, conciliaro. [For other combinations, vid. the substantives with which CAUSE is joined.]
CAUSELESS, quod sine chusS est.|| Groundless, rationi adversarius (contrary to reason): vanus (only apparent; opposed to verus): futilis (worthless, idle).
CAUSELESSLY, sine causa; temere:ex vano.
CAUSEWAY, agger viæ. To make a causeway, tramitem aggerare.
CAUSTIC, causticus (καυστικός): erodens: septicus (σηπτικός).
Caustics, medicamenta rodentia or erodentia. || FIG., applied to language, etc., mordens:mordax: acidus: aculeatus: acerbus.
Caustic words, verborum aculei: caustic wit, acerbitas salis: in a caustic manner, mordaciter: acerbe.
CAUTELOUS. Vid. CAUTIOUS, CUNNING.
CAUTERIZE, (ferro) adurere. [Cauterizare, Vegetius]
CAUTERY, cauterium (the cauterizing instrument), or by circumlocution with ferro or *cauterio adurere.
CAUTION, cautio: circumspectio. To act with caution, omnia circumspicere:to proceed with caution, cautionem adhibere alicui rei or in re; caute versari in re; caute tractare aliquid. To use all possible caution, omne genus cautionis adhibere. || Security, vid.
CAUTION, v., monere or præmonere aliquem ut caveat: against anything, monere or præmonere aliquid cavendum; monere or præmonere de aliqua re; monere, ut vitet aliquis aliquid (warn him to avoid something): monere or admonere, or præmonere, ne, etc. (warn him not to do so and so).
CAUTIONARY, monitorius (post-classical, Seneca). By circumlocution. Sometimes by ad terrorem ceterorum (Terentius).A cautionary example, documentum.
CAUTIOUS, providus (with foresight):cautus (with caution): circumspectus (with circumspection): consideratus (having judiciously weighed everything):prudens (intelligent, prudent). (The words are found in this connection and order), cautus providusque: prudens et providus:prudens et cautus: diligens (careful; carefully observant).
CAUTIOUSLY, provide: caute: circumspecte: considerate: diligenter. To go cautiously to work, circuraspectius facere aliquid: cautionem adhibere in re:to set about anything very cautiously, omne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re.
CAUTIOUSNESS. Vid. CAUTION.
CAVALCADE, *pompa equestris.
CAVALIER, eques.
CAVALIERLY, imperiose: pro imperio: superbe: insolenter: arroganter.
CAVALRY, equitatus, equites (general term): copiæ equestres (the cavalry attached to an army): acies equitum (as drawn up for battle): ala (so far as the cavalry are placed on the wings; at each end of a line of infantry). Sometimes eques, singular, for equites (as pedes for pedites). The infantry and cavalry, copiæ equitum peditumque; milites equitesque.All the cavalry, integer eques.To be strong in cavalry, multum cquitatu valere; ab equitatu firmum esse; equitatu paratum esse. To order the carairy to form, turmas equitum explicare (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 38, 3). To serve in the cavalry, equo merere: to give anybody a commission in the cavalry (or, in a cavalry regiment), ad equum rescribere (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 42). An engagement of cavalry, prœlium equestre or equitum: pugna equestris.Many skirmishes with the cavalry occurred, crebro inter se equestribus prœliis contendebant. A cavalry horse, oquus militaris. A regiment of cavalry, cohors equestris (from 500 to 600 men). A company of cavalry, turma equitum.
CAVE, Vid. CAVERN.
CAVERN, caverna (a hole with a round opening): specus (with a long opening; a cleft): spelunca (a dark and formidable cavity): spelæum (only in poets: den of wild beasts): cavum (cavity, as a general term). A subterraneous cavern, specus subterraneus.
CAVIARE, *ova piscium condita.
CAVITY, cavum or cavus (sc. locus):cavea: cavatio (hollowing; cavity: twice in Varro, cavatio poculorum). Vid. CAVERN.
CAW, crocire: crocitare (croak, like the raven): canere: occinere (general term occinere, especially of what is ominous: corvus clara voce ante consulem occinuit).
CAWING, crocatio (Festus).
CEASE, || leave off doing anything: desinere aliquid, or with infinitive (leave off without the intention of resuming; it may also be said of things that cease): desistere aliqua re; ab or de aliqua re; or with infinitive (to desist, from an act of the will, and therefore spoken of persons only): absistere aliqua re, or with infinitive (not used by Cicero): mittere, with infinitive (to let it go; give it up): finem facere aliquid faciendi, or alicujus, or alicui rei (put an end to it): conquiescere ab re (to rest from it): omittere: intermittere aliquid, or with infinitive (the former of a total giving up, the latter of a temporary suspension): cessare, with infinitive (to stop repeatedly from indolence, etc.). To cease speaking, finem facere dicendi or loquendi: finem imponere orationi (of an oration): also perorare. To cease to be (= die), esse desino. Vid. Some times TO CEASE is translated by a verb compounded with de: to cease raining depluere: raging, desævire. || Have an end, finem habere or capere: quiescere: conquiescere (rest): abire: decedere (go away: these four of diseases; e.g., a fever): intermittere (to allow an interval of rest; to intermit): residere:considere: remittere (of winds and stormy passions subsiding): subsidere (of winds and waves). The wind has entirely ceased, venti vis omnis cecidit. To cease with anybody (of a family), deficere in aliquo (Gellius). To make anything cease, finem facere alicujus or alicui rei: finem imponere alicui rei. The discussion has ceased, disputari desitum est. || Without ceasing [vid. CEASELESSLY]. To sing without ceasing, ita cano, ut nihil intermittam: to labor without ceasing, nullum tempus ad laborem intermittere.
CEASELESS, perpetuus (continued to the end without any break; e.g., risus):continuus: continens (hanging together or following each other without break or chasm; e.g., incommoda: labor): assiduus (constantly going on; e.g., imhres).
CEASELESSLY, perpetuo: continenter (continue or -o is unclassical): sine intermissione: nullo temporis puncto intermisso: assidue (assiduo is unclassical):usque.
CEDAR, cedrus. The fruit of the cedar, cedris (Plinius). || As adjective, cedreus; cedrinus; cedro factus (made of cedar).|| As wood, cedrus. || Cedar oil, cedrium; oleum cedrinum. CEDE, Vid. YIELD.
CEIL, conclave lacunari ornare (Vitruvius: not aliquid lacunare, which in Ovidius, Met., 8, 563, is “to ornament in the manner of a fretted ceiling”). N.B. — If the ceiling was not an ornamented one, legere: sternere: consternere: insternere may be used.
CEILING, tectum (upper flat surface of a chamber or other inclosed space): if inlaid, paneled, etc., tectum laqueatum:laquear: lacunar (laquear with reference to the lines like drawn cords, laquei, that define the entablatures of a ceiling; lacunar with reference to the sunk squares, lacus, with which it was ornamented. Both of flat roofs). An arched ceiling, camera:concameratio.
CELEBRATE, || give praise to, celebrare (general term for making a thing known and famous by one’s mention of it):prædicare (to praise by a loud and public declaration): laudare (to praise; opposed to vituperere, etc.): canere (to praise in poetry; post-Augustan for “celebrare” generally). To celebrate anybody’s praises, alicujus laudes or de alicujus laudibus prædicare: to celebrate anybody in verse, aliquem carmine celebrare; alicujus laudes or de alicujus laudibus canere: alicujus facta canere (of praising his achievements): anybody’s name in one’s writings, nomen alicujus celebrare scriptis: memoriam alicujus scriptis prosequi (the latter, of course, if the person is dead). [Vid. PRAISE anybody.] || Solemnize, agere, agitare (the proper word for festivals, birthdays, holidays, etc.): celebrare (to assist by one’s presence in making a numerous assembly; e.g., birth-day, marriage-feast less frequently of a festival): to celebrate a day as a festival, diem prosequi (Nepos, Att., 4. extr.): a festival for three days, diem festum agere triduum or per triduum: public games, ludos facere or committere.To celebrate divine service, sacra procurare; sacris operari; res divinas rite perpetrare: but, in the modern sense, better *rebus divinis interesse (of the priests).
CELEBRATED, clarus: præclarus (renowned for eminent services to one’s country): illustria: perillustris (for rank and virtue): inclytus (famous: of places, but, in the poets, of persons also): celeber (much visited: not used of persons before Livius): nobilis (of noble birth). Cf., Clarus has very often ablative of the thing, gloria, bello, pace. A very celebrated man, vir clarissimus, spectatissimus, amplissimus (Livius has celeberrimi viri, 26, 21, 16).A very celebrated monument, celeberrimum monumentum (opposed to desertissimum sepulcrum). Very celebrated, illustri laude celebratus; claritate præatans: for learning, nobilis et clarus ex doctrina. To be celebrated, gloria florere: esse in laude: to be very celebrated, gloria circumfluere; omnium sermone celebrari; in magno nomine et gloria esse; magna celebritate famæ esse: as an orator, magnum in oratoribus nomen habere: he is celebrated every where, ejus nomen longe atque late vagatur: to become celebrated, nominis famam adipisci; gloriam consequi or assequi; in gloriam venire; in claritudinem pervenire; also crescere (Ruhnken, Ter., Heaut., Prol., 28: clarescere and inclarescere belong to the Silver Age). To become celebrated for anything, illustrari aliqua re; clarum fieri re or ex re. To render celebrated, celebrare, illustrare, nobilitare (this also of an event; e.g., a battle, which renders a place celebrated), aliquem or aliquid gloriæ commendare; gloria afficere aliquem (of an action). To render himself celebrated, gloriam or famam sibi acquirere, comparare; claritudinem sibi parare: to wish or try to render himself celebrated, gloriam quærere, sequi; famæ studere, serrire, inservire. Cf., Famosus, in classical prose, = “infamous,” “notorious.”
CELEBRATION, prædicatio: of anything, alicujus rei or de re. Vid. Celebratio in this sense only in Plinius (34, 5, 10. Equestres statuæ Romanorum celebrationem habent, are prized by the Romans).The celebration of games, commissio ludorum.
CELEBRITY, claritudo: claritas: laus:laudes: nominis fama.
CELERITY, celeritas: velocitas: pernicitas: agilitas: incitatio: rapiditas:festinantia (too great celerity). SYN. in SWIFTNESS.
CELESTIAL, cœlestis: divinua (god-like).
CELIBACY, CELIBATE, vita cœlebs, cœlibatus (of a man):*conditio viduae. Tertull. de virg. vel. 9, viduatus.
CELL, cella (small chamber; especially for servants and slaves; also of bees):cubiculum (sleeping-chamber): cavum (hole): loculus: loculamentum (pigeon-hole, or other division of a bureau, etc.; e.g.; loculata arcula, a chest fitted up with pigeon-holes, etc.).
CELLAR, hypogeum concameratum (in our sense; an arched cellar under ground): doliarium (wine or beer cellar, Gaius, Dig.): cella: cellarium (according to the ancient sense, a store-roum above ground; e.g., olearia, for oil. etc.: penaria for larder: cella vinaria or apotheca, wine-cellar). The cellar-door, * ostium cellæ or doliarii:*cellæ or doliarii fores (if folding-doors). Key of the cellar, clavis cellæ, doliarii, etc.
CELLARIST, cellarius.
CELLULAR, * cellas habens: loculosus (full of little holes or compartments; e.g.. putamen, Plinius).
CEMENT, s., * cæmentum (as a technical term, properly, chip of stone; particles of hewn stone mixed into mortar, mortario cæmentum addatur, Vitruvius): maltha (a kind of cement, of hog’s fat and lime, for water-pipes, etc.): ferrumen (iron solder or cement): glutinum: gluten (glue):* lithocolla (but this in Plinius is a false reading) [arenatum sc. opus was a mortar; one part of lime to two of sand, Vitruvius].|| FIG., = bond, ligamentum: vinculum. CEMENT, v, malthare: ferruminare (e.g., bitumine: plumbo): lithocolla colligare aliquid [SYN. in CEMENT, s.]: glutinare: conglutinare (to glue). || FIG., conglutinare aliquid (e.g., concordiam ordinum): firmare: confirmare: a peace, pacem (quasi) coagmentare.
CEMETERY, sepulcretum (Catullus): sepulcra.
CENOBITE, cœnobita (ecclesiastical):monachus (late).
CENOTAPH, cenotaphium (raised in honor of a person, whether he was still alive or not).
CENSER,thuribulum (not acerra, which was a little chest or box in which frankincense was kept). || Pan in which anything is burned, foculus (under which hot coals were placed: then foculus fervens).
CENSOR, || at Rome, censor: magister morum (Silver Age). || Of a book, * librorum censor (before publication):*judex criticus: *censor literatus (after publication). || One who passes judgment: mostly of a severe judge: judex:reprehensor: vituperator: objurgator:castigator (SYN. in BLAME]. || Blamer.
CENSORIOUS, minima re ad reprehendendum contentus.
CENSORIOUSLY, * studio quodam reprehendendi: sometimes austere, rigide, acerbe, acriter, may do.
CENSORIOUSNESS, reprehendendi studium.
CENSURABLE, reprehendendus: vituperabilis: vituperandus: reprehensione or vituperatione dignus. [Vid. difference of reprehensione and vituperatione under BLAME.] To be censurable, in vitio esse (of persons and things): in culpa esse (of persons). To be as censurable as, tam in vitio esse, quam, etc.
CENSURE, || judgment pronounced, judicium: censura (Ovidius, Velleius).|| Blame, reproach, reprehensio: vituperatio:objurgatio. [SYN. in BLAME.]|| Punishment, pœna: castigatio: animadversio.Spiritual censures, *pœna ecclesiastica.
CENSURE, v., reprehendere: culpare:vituperare: improbare [SYN. in BLAME]:reprehendere et exagitare aliquid.
CENSURER, reprehensor: vituperator: objurgator: castigator (all of a single instance). SYN. in BLAME.
CENT, 1 per cent., centesimæ: 2, 3, 4 per cent., centesimæ binæ, ternæ, quaternæ; 5 per cent., centesimæ quinæ quincunces usuræ. With us tradesmen make cent per cent., merces apud nos centuplicato veneunt (Plinius). But observe, this was the monthly interest; hence centesimæ was our 12 per cent., binæ centesimæ our 24 per cent., etc. But the Roman form may be retained by adding in singulos annos. Vid. INTERST.
CENTAUR, centaurus. Of the centaurs, centaureus (Horatius): centauricus (Statius).
CENTAURY, centaureum. The greater centaury, centaureum majus (*Centaurea Centaurium, Linnæus): centaureum minus (*Gentiana Centaurium, Linnæus).
CENTENARY, centum annorum: centenarius (a man of 100 years old).
CENTESIMAL, centesimus.
CENTO, cento (e.g., “cento nuptialis,” the title of one of Ausonius’s poems: properly a garment of patch-work).
CENTRAL, in medio positus: medius:centralis. A central school, *schola provincialis: central force.*vis centralis:central heat, * ignis centralis. A central point, punctum in medio positum.
CENTRE, s., || of a circle, centrum (κέντρον): punctum in medio situm. || Of a place, medius alicujus rei locus (e.g., of the earth, medius mundi imiversi locus): media alicujus rei pars (Observation, in oblique cases locus and pars often omitted; e.g., in medio or in media urbis).Mostly by medius in agreement: the centre of the line, media acies; also medii: of the island, media insula: to break through the centre of the enemy’s line, per mediam aciem hostium perrumpere: to be situated in the
centre of any place, in medio aliquo loco situm esse. Examples like altera arx urbis media est, ” is in the centre of the city,” are rare. OBSERVE, (1), Avoid centrum, except for the centre of a circle. Plinius has centrum cœli, solis, terræ, etc., but these bodies were supposed “disks.”
Cicero uses, for the centre of the earth, medius terræ locus. (2) Avoid umbilicus, which Cicero uses only of Greek places, as a translation of the Greek ὀμφαλος.
CENTRE, v., consistere: positum or situm esse in aliqua re: constare penes aliquem (Cæsar): verti, contineri, stare, or niti aliqua re: pendere ex aliquo or ex aliqua re: effici aliqua re: less frequently residere in aliqua re (Cicero). The whole of morality centres in the performance of duty, in officio colendo sita vitæ est honestas ononis (Cicero.) At that time all the prospects of the state centered in Marius, ea tempestate spes atque opes civitatis in Mario sitæ (Sallustius).
CENTUPLE, by adjective, centuplicatus (not to be confounded with centuplex, a hundred-fold): centuplus (a hundred times as much, Vulgate, Ev. Luc, 8, 8).
CENTURION, centurio.
CENTURY, || a hundred, centum (distributice, centeni). The number of 100, centuria. || Space of 100 years, centenum annorum; centum annorum spatium: sæculum (a ”generation” = according to Etruscan and Roman computation, 100 years). || Division of the Roman people, centuria: by centuries, centuriatim: to divide into centuries, centuriare:division by centuries, centuriatus.
CEPHALIC, capiti utilis: cephalicus Celsus).
CERATE, ceratum or cerotum.
CERE, cerare, incerare.
CEREMONIAL, ritus: mos receptus.
Court ceremonial, ritus ac modus, ad quem rex colitur or colendus est (after Curtius, 8, 5,19).
CEREMONIOUS, sollemnis. A ceremonious person, *homo nimis officiosus, nimis urbanus.
CEREMONIOUSNESS, * molesta nrbanitas.
CEREMONY, ritus (general term for a received mode of performing solemn offices): cærimonia: ritus sacri (religious ceremony or rites): officium (conventional form of courtesy). Without courtesy, ambagibus missis or positis (going straight to the point): sine mora (without delay):citra honorem verborum (without complimentary speeches). Master of the ceremonies, magister officiorum or aulæ: magister admissionum (all belonging to the time of the emperors).
CERTAIN, certus (general term both objectively of persons and things whose nature is certain; and subjectively of a person who feels certain, etc.): firmus (firm, resisting any attempt to alter or destroy it; hence unchangeable, of things and persons): stabilis (not yielding or varying, steadfast: of persons and things): constans (steady, consistent: opposed to varius, mobilis): fidus (which may be confidently trusted: of persons, and also of things, as in pax fida). (The words are found in this connection and order), certus et constans; firmus et constans: exploratus (the truth or certainty of which has been ascertained): status (fixed, not subject to alteration; e.g., cursus siderum, Plinius): ratus (calculated; hence settled, immutable; e.g., in onmi æternitate rati immutabilesque siderum cursus). (The words are found in this connection and order),ratus et certus; constans et ratus; ratus atque firmus; stabilis. fixus, ratus; certus, ratus, firmus, fixus: indubius, non dubius (not indubitatus in good prose): finitus: definitus (defined, marked out accurately; also of notions).(The words are found in this connection and order), certus et definitus. A certain income, reditus status: certain expenses, expensæ statæ (opposed to sumtus fortuiti): a certain friend, amicus certus, fidus, firmus et stabilis: certain death, mors præsens: death is certain, mors nos omnes manet: a certain remedy, remedium præsens: is this certain ? satin hoc certum est ? to live in the certain hope, etc., certo sperare; non dubiam spem habere:that he might make certain of this, etc., ut hac de re certior fieret, etc.: without being certain of the fact, sine certa re (Cæsar, B. G., 5, 29): to know for certain, certo scire, less commonly certe scire [Practical Introduction, ii,, 560-2], also pro corto scire. I know it for certain, certum scio; certo scio; certo comperi; certuin or pro certo habeo: κυρικιμασαηικοto know anything on certain authority, aliquid certis auctoribus comperisse: to assert anything as certain, pro certo affirmare aliquid: that my letter may be the mere certain to reach you, quo fidelius literæ ad te perferantur: by or against a certain day, ad diem; ad diem dictum, constitutum, præstitutum; in diem certum. Cf., Certain may sometimes be translated by non dusito (or non dubium est) quin. “It is certain that the thing may be done,” non dubito (or non dubium est, or non videtur esse dubium), quin hoc fieri possit. || Indefinitely, quidam ( τες; general term of what one purposely does not, or, from want of knowledge, can not, name; often contemptuously, as in homines quidam, etc.): certus (stronger than quidam: of what one has good reasons for not choosing to name: quibusdam de causis, for certain reasons, which the hearer or reader may or may not divine, but which the speaker does not think it necessary to mention: certis de causis, for reasons which the hearer or reader can not know, but which the speaker does not think it advisable to mention): nescio qui or nescio quis (somebody or other, the speaker himself does not exactly know who; according to Gürenz, nescio quis, with something of depreciation).
CERTAINLY, || with certainty, certo: certe (certo objective; certe subjective. Vid. Practical Introduction, ii., 561. Certo hardly occurs in Cicero, except in certo scire, which is more common than certe scire): liquido (clearly, when the statement is asserted tn be manifestly true): hand dubie: sine ulla. dusitatione: profecto (” assuredly;” a strong assertion that the thing is so: also “surely,” “doustless,” in assumptions): næ ( = profecto, but stands always at the beginning of a sentence, and mostly before personal pronouns): sane (certainly; in the judgment of every sound mind; also in replies): nimirum (of an assertion which it would be strange if you did not grant; e.g., nimirum recte: omnibus regibus — hunc regem nimirum anteponetis, Cicero): utique (a restrictive particle of assertion: in Cicero, principally in his letters with subjunctive imperative, and other expressions of a wish, advice, or command. Practical Introduction, ii., 897).I am certainly persuaded, porsuasum est mihi; persuasi mihi. I shall certainly do, etc., certum est mihi (aliquid facere); certum est deliberatumque; stat sententia; Btatutum habeo. Vid. CERTAINLY may often be translated by non dubito, quin, etc.; non dubium est (or videtur esse) quin.” This may certainly be accomplished,” non dubito, quin hoc fieri possit, etc.” It appeand from this letter that he would certainly arrive before that day,” prorsus ex his literis non videbatur esse dubium, quin ante eam diem venturus esset (Cicero).The certainty of the event may sometimes be omitted by adding an expression of positiveness to the assertion: this letter says that he will certainly arrive, etc., hæ literæ plane declarant eum — venturum esse, etc. || In answers, certe (certainly): vero (assuredly; an emphatic assent): recte (a polite form of assent):ita: ita est, sic est (just so): ita plane (exactly so; just so): etiam: sane: sane quidem (concessive forms). || At least, at all events, saltem: certe: certe quidem (sometimes tamen). If not — yet certainly, si non — at saltem: si non — certe.
CERTAINNESS, CERTAINTY, fides (trustworthiness): certa fides:firmitas: stabilitas (fixedness, steadiness):or, by adjective, certus, exploratus, non dubius (certitudo must be avoided). A CERTAINTY, res exploratæ veritatis: res certissima:the full or absolute certainty, veritas ad liquidum explorata. For ” with certainty, ” vid. CERTAINLY. CERTIFICATE, testimonium literarum.
CERTIFY, confirmare aliquid, fidem facere alicui rei: anybody of anything, aliquem certiorem facere de re.
CERTITUDE, Vid. CERTAINTY.
CERULEAN,
Cæruleus.
CERUMEN, aurium sordes.
CERUSE, cerussa: painted with ceruse, cerussatus.
CESAREAN,The Cesarean section, sectio or exsectio matris ventris. To perform the Cesarean section or operation, partum mulieri excidere (Marcell., Dig.):to be brought into the world by the Cesarean operation, exsecto matris ventre procreari (Servius, Vergilius, Æn., 10, 316, and 7, 761).
CESS, s., Vid. RATE, LEVY.
CESS, v., Vid. ASSESS.
CESSATION, intermissio (the giving up entirely for a time): omissio (the giving up entirely): cessatio (the resting; opposed to previous activity: often in a depreciating sense): intercapedo (interval during which anything is interrupted; interruption; e.g., intercapedinem scribendi facere, Cicero.): interpellatio (interruption of a speaker; hence interruption generally). Withou any cessation, uno tenore: sine ulla intermissione. || Termination, VID
CESSION, renunciatio (the giving up entirely): cessio (the yielding up in favor of another). To make a cession of anything, decedere or desistare aliqua re or de aliqua re.
CETACEOUS, cetosus (Avienus, Arat., 1300).
CHACE, Vid. CHASE.
CHAFE, || heat with rubbing, fricare: *fricando refovere. || Inflame with rage, irritare; alicujus iram concitare or irritare: aliquem in iram concitare: aliquem incendere, inflammare, aliquem iratum reddere: alicujus iram concire: bilem or stomachum alicui movere or commovere: calefacere aliquem (Cicero, in the language of conversation). || Gall, atterere. [Vid. EXCORIATE]. || INTRANS., gravius commoveri: (ira) incendi:
inflammari: exardescere: (ira) excandescere: irasci: exardescere iracundia et stomacho (Cicero). CHAFE, s., æstus: ira: impetus et ira:iracundia. To be in a chafe, ira incendi, etc. Vid. CHAFE, v.
CHAFER, scarabæus.
CHAFF, palea: mixed with chaff, paleatus: Vid. acus, eris, n., is “the pointed, hair-like prolongation of the husk:” gluma, the husk round the grain in its natural state.
CHAFFER, v., liceri de pretio: liceri rem: de pretio contendere.
CHAFFERN, *vas excalfactorium.
CHAFFINCH, fringilla (Linnæus).
CHAFFY, paleatus (mixed with chaff).
CHAFING-DISH, foculus: pultarius (properly a vessel in which puls was cooked also for holding coals for fumigation: Vid. batillum was a coal-shovel, but sometimes used as a chafing-dish.
CHAGRIN, s., ægritudo: sollicitudo:dolor, mæror. SYN. in GRIEF.
CHAGRIN, v., ægritudinem or mœrorem afferre alicui; molestiam alicui afferre or exhibere: to be chagrined at anything, ægritudine or molestia affici ex aliqua re: to give way to chagrin, ægritudini se dedere; mœrori animum dare: from or for chagrin, præ ægritudine or mœrore.
CHAIN, s., catena: vinculum (general term for bond): to put chains on anybody, catenas alicui indere or injicere: any body in chains, in catenas aliquem conjicere: to bind anybody with chains, catenis vincire or constringere aliquem: to be or lie in chains, in catenis esse; catenis or ferro vinctum esse: in fetters and chains, in vinculis et catenis esse: to forge chains for any body, alicui nectere catenas or vincula (Horatius, Od., 1, 29, 5; Vergilius, Ecl., 6, 23): lying in chains, bound with chains, catenatus. || FIG., to break the chains of slavery, aliquem or se in libertatem vindicare. [Vid. YOKE of slavery.]|| Chain for ornament, catena or catella (of gold, worn by either sex):torques (twisted chain of gold for the neck, worn as an honorary distinction by brave soldiers): wearing such a chain, torquatus.|| MOUNTAIN CHAIN, montes continui; continua or perpetua montium juga; juga velut serie cohærentia. perpetuo jugo juncti colles; saltus montibus circum perpetuis inter se juncti; jugum, quod montes perpetuo dorso inter se jungit. || Connected series, continuatio; series. (The words are found in this connection and order), continuatio seriesque:catena was first used by Gellius in fatum est sempiterna series rerum et catena. A wonderful chain of circumstances, admirabilis continuatio seriesque rerum. A chain of causes, causæ aliæ ex aliis aptæ et necessitate nexæ. CHAIN, v., catenis vincire or constringere aliquem, catenas alicui indere or injicere.
CHAIN-ARMOR, lorica serta: lorica conserta hamis (Vergilius).
CHAIN-SHOT, *globus catenatus.
CHAIN-WORK, *opus catenatum.
CHAIR, sedes: sedile (seat, vid.): sella (chair; also of teachers and magistrates):cathedra (arm or easy-chair for women:later, a professor’s chair). To place a chair for anybody, alicui sellam apponere.The arm or elbow of a chair, arcus sellæ (Tacitus): ancon ( ἀγκών; Cælius Aurelianus Tardae Passiones, 2, 1): ARM-CHAIR, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata (Cælius Aurelianus Tardae Passiones). || Chair of state, solium: sella (with epithets; e.g., aurea): sella curulis (according to Roman custom): SEDAN CHIAR, sella: lectica ( lectica = “palanquin,” the person being recumbent): sella gestatoria (Suetonius): to ride or be carried in a sedan chair, lectica or sella, vehi: gestamine sellæ pervehi (of being carried to a place; e.g., Baias, Tacitus).
CHAIR, v.,* aliquem in sellam imposi tum humeris suslevare.
CHAIRMAN, [Vid. PRESIDENT.] || Carrier of a chair, lecticarius.
CHAISE, carpentum: pilentum. [Vid. CARRIAGE.] A carriage-tongue, cathedra supina.
CHALCEDONY, * achates Chalcedonicus.
CHALDRON, circumlocution by so many modii (modii = 1 peck, 7.68 solid inches).
CHALICE, calix. Vid. CUP.
CHALK, creta: like chalk, cretaceus:full of chalk, cretosus: to mark anything with chalk, creta notare aliquid: to color or rub anything with chalk, incretare aliquid: to draw anything in chalk, creta pingere aliquid (λευκογράφειν): to draw in chalks, monochromata pingere. A sketch in chalks, or chalk drawing, monochromatos pictura.
Chalk drawings, monochromata, or (as a style of drawing) monochromatea genera picturæ (*Plinius, 35, 5, 11).
CHALK, v., creta notare aliquid: incretare aliquid (to color with chalk). || Chalk out, exponere aliquid (place it clearly before the eyes): aliquid breviter describere; or definire et (breviter) describere:aliquid delineare or adumbrare (to sketch), verbis definire. (The words are found in this connection and order),definire verbis et describere; illustrare verbisque definire:to chalk out a path for one’s self, viam sibi munire (ad aliquid); *certam sibi viam definire, or habere certam et definitam viam, qua, etc. (Cicero): for anybody, alicui viam munire; aditum alicui dare of parare: to anything, ad aliquid.
CHALK-PIT, puteus, ex quo eruitui creta.
CHALKY, cretosus (abounding in it):cretaceus (like it).
CHALLENGE, v., provocare (absolutely, Livius, 24, 8): any body to a battle, provocare aliquem ad pugnam or ad certamen (especially one out of many): evocare aliquem ad pugnam (to call out one who is in a camp, etc.): elicere aliquem ad certamen (to try to make one fight who is unwilling to do so): lacessere aliquem ad pugnam (to provoke him to fight by attacking him: especially of a body of troops):to a duel, aliquem provocare ad pugnam or ad certamen (ad certamen singulare or pugnam singularem, if it is necessary to express this): to challenge anybody to drink, provocare aliqueni bibendo: to drink bumpers poscere majoribus poculis: do a discussion, aliquem ad dilputandum provocare, evocare, or elicere (the first pnst-Ciceronian; the last, in Cicero, always with the notion of resistance on the part of the person challenged). || To challenge a juror, judicem rejicere. || Claim as due, sibi vindicare or sumere aliquid. [Vid. CLAIM] || To challenge contradiction. impugnari non posse; evidentem esse, omnibus probare, etc.
CHALLENGE, s., provocatio.
CHALLENGER, qui provocat lacessit, etc.: provocans.
CHAMBER, conclave: cubiculum:diæta: membrum [SYN. in APARTMENT] :cubiculum dormitorium: membrum dormitorium (sleeping apartment).
CHAMBER-COUNSEL, qui de jure civili consulitur.
CHAMBER-FELLOW, contubernalis.
CHAMBERING, vita libidinosa.
CHAMBERLAIN, cubiculi præpositus:cubiculariis officiis præpositus (both Ammianus): lord high chamberlain *toti rei familiari principis præpositus: præpositus sacri cubiculi (late in the times of the emperors).
CHAMBER-MAID, cabicularia.
CHAMBER-POT, matula: matella:matellio: trulla: trulleus (general terms): scaphium (a boat-shaped one for females).
CHAMELEON, *lacerta Chamæleon.|| FIG., versipellis (Com.: qui mutat naturam suam atque huc illuc torquet.
CHAMFER, striare (Vitruvius).
CHAMFER, s., striatura: strix: canalis (the channel or hollow).
CHAMOIS, rupicapra (*capra rupicapra).
CHAMP, mandere, manducare: mordere.To champ the bit, frenum mordere (Cicero, in the sense of “showing one’s teeth,” etc.): frena mandere (Vergilius); frenos ore mordere (Tib.).
CHAMPAGNE, *vinum Campanum or Campanogahicum.
CHAMPAIGN, Vid. CAMPAIGN.
CHAMPIGNON, boletus (agaricus campestris. Linnæus).
CHAMPION, propugnator: defensor (defender).
CHAN, princeps (as chief person): regulus (petty king).
CHANCE, casus (chance; what happens unexpectedly as the result of unknown causes: συμφορά): fors ( τύχη: chance as a sort of quasi-mythological being, sporting with men and their affairs, and baffling all human calculations, etc.: opposed to ratio): fortuna (fortunæ not blind chance, like fors, but as taking a part in human affairs from personal favor or disaffection).Blind chance, fors: a happy or lucky chance, fors fortuna: by a lucky chance, forte fortuna: anything is the result of blind chance, aliquid temere fit cæco casu:this is no result of mere chance, id evenit non temere nec casu: all is the work of chance, omnia casu fiunt or facta sunt: it is all chance, casus est in re (i.e., now it will turn out): to trust to chance, rem in casum ancipitis fortunæ committere: to leave it to chance, casum potius quam consilium sequi. It happened by chance, that, forte evenit, ut; casu accidit, ut; forte ita incidit, ut, etc. || A chance; event whose cause is unknown, casus (as the result of accident): eventus (issue, event, as being in conformity with, or opposed to, anybody’s wish). To be subject to many chances, sub casibus mulds esse.|| BY CHANCE, forte: casu: fortuito: fortuitu [SYN. under ACCIDENT]: si forte.(The words are found in this connection and order),casu et fortuito or fortuitu: temere (marks anything as not the result of purpose or design). To make mention of anything by chance, in mentionem alicujus rei incidere. Vid. Forte is the regular word after si, sin, nisi (ni), ne, num, and ecquid, in the sense of “perchance.” || GAME OF CHANCE, alea.
CHANCE, v., || happen, vid. || To chance upon ( = meet accidentally), incidere in aliquem, incurrere atque incidere in aliquem.
CHANCELLOR,*Cancellarius. Lord chancellor, curiæ supreme præfectas:*Cancellarius. CHANCE-MEDLEY, Vid. HOMICIDE.
CHANCERY, *cancellaria: tabularium prætorium.
CHANDELIER, candelabrum.
CHANDLER, qui candelas sebat (who makes tham): candelarum propola (who sells them).
CHANGE, TR., mutare: commutare:immutare: novare: variare: invertere
[SYN. in ALTER]: permutare (exchange;e.g., names with each other, nomina inter se): one’s clothes, vestes mutare (vestem mutare = to put on mourning). To change money, pecuniam permutare: a denarius for 16 asses, denarium sedecim assibus permutare: horses, mutare jumenta (in travelling): one’s horse, in recentem equum ex fesso transsultare (in riding, Livius): what is once done can’t be changed, factum infectum fieri non potest:an opinion, judicium animi mutare (Sallustius):one’s mode of life, flectere vitam (Cicero);vitam moresque mutare: one’s plan or purpose, institutorum mutadonem facere;consilium mutare: one’s residence, commutare domicilium; in aliam migrare domum.Vid. More under ALTER. INTR., mutari: commutari: immutari: variare:inverti [SYN. in ALTER.] To change and change about, alternare (cum aliquo):the weather changes, tempestas variat Vid. More under ALTER.
CHANGE, s., vicis: vices: vicissitudo:vicissitudines: varietas: commutatio.[SYN. in ALTERATION.]
Change of the times, vicissitudo or varietas temporum:of day and night, vicissitudines dierum noctiumque, vicissitudines diurnæ nocturnæque: of the seasons, ricissitudines anniversariæ; commutationes temporum quadripartitæ (the four seasons). Every hing is subject to change, omnium rerum est vicissitudo (Terentius).
Changes of fortune, fortunæ vicissitudo: in all the changes of my fortune, in omni rerum mearum varietate: to experience a change of fortune, alteram fortunam esperiri. To give anybody change for money, pecuniam permutare (cum aliquo): a small or trifling change, minuta, imbecille Cicero.) immutatio: inversio: a great one, magna:frequent changes, mutationes crebræ: a change of plan, mutatio consilii: of character, pursuits. etc., commutatio morum, studiorum: change of the weather, permutatio tempestatis: varietas cœli (variableness or variation of the weather). change of times or circumstances, conversio rerum: inclinatio, conversio temporum;permutatio temporum. To desire political changes, novis rebus studere: res novas quærere: desirous of political changes, rerum novarum cupidus: rerum mutationis avidus (Cicero): we shall make this change the more easily if we are favored by circumstances, eam mutationem, si tempera adjuvabunt, facilius commodiusque faciemus: to plan or meditate a change, moliri mutationem: to suffer change, mutationem habere: to effect or cause a change in anything, mutationem afferre alicui rei: a change is taking place in anything, fit alicujus rei mutatio, commutatio; mutatur, immutatur aliquid:just as if no change of affairs were possible, proinde ac si nulla commutatio rerum accidere posset (Cæsar): to make a gradual change in anything, sensim pedetentimque facere mutationem alicujus rei [“pedententimque” may be an error. (tokyomaths.com)]; paulatim mutare aliquid: to make a slight change in anything, leviter mutare aliquid: a wonderful change has taken place, in men’s opinions, mirum in modum conversæ sunt omnium mentes (Cæsar). Every thing is subject to change, omnium rerum vicissitudo est. || Change (place where merchants meet), basilica. || Changes, small coins, numuli.
CHANGEABLE, inconstans (of things, as the winds, and of inconsistency in persons: opposed to constans): varians: varius (the former of things; e.g., cœlum, the latter of persons): mutabilis. (The words are found in this connection and order), varius et mutabilis: mebilis (of persons and things; ingenium, animus, voluntas): levis (light-minded, frivolous: of persons): infidelis (unfaithful: of persons): infirmus (weak: of persons and things): fluxus (of things; e.g., fides, fortuna). To be as changeable as a weather-cock, plumis aut folio facilius moveri (Cicero).
CHANGEABLENESS, inconstantia (the proper word of person or thing, physical or moral; e.g., venti; rerum humanarum): varietas: infidelitas. (The words are found in this connection and order), varietas atque infidelitas: infirmitas: levitas. (The words are found in this connection and order), levitas et infirmitas: mutabilitas mentis (of mind). (The words are found in this connection and order), inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis (Cicero): mobilitas (of a person or personified thing; e.g., fortunæ).
Changeableness of the weather, cœlum varians.
CHANGEABLY, mutabiliter (Varro).
CHANGEFUL, Vid. CHANGEABLE.
CHANGELING, puer subditus (Livius), suppositus (Plautus), subditivus (Suetonius):subdiricius, suppositicius, not so good.
CHANGER, qui mutat, etc. Money-changer, VID.
CHANNEL, canalis (general term): rivus (course in which a stream of water runs): specus (subterraneous channel, Cæsar, B. C, 3, 49): fossa (to join two streams or lakes). Small channel, canaliculus or canalicula. || Narrow sea, fretum.The Channel (i.e., between England and France), *fretum Britannicum. || A way leading to an end, via: ratio: also quod eo, quo intendas, fert deducitque.
CHANT, s., *cantus ecclesiasticus.
CHAOS,
Chaos (Ovidius, Lactantius): rudis et indigesta rerum moles (Ovidius). IMPR., confusio: turbæ. We are here living in a political chaos, hic maxima in turba maximaque in confusione rerum omnium vivimus (Cicero): and this chaos he reduced to order, idque ex inordinato in erdinem adduxit.
CHAOTIC, inordinatus; inordinatus et turbidus; indigestus; indispositus (Tacitus).(The words are found in this connection and order), perturbatus et indispositus. In a chaotic manner, perturbate et indisposite (Seneca).
CHAP, v., INTR., rimas fieri pati: rimas agere: fissura dehiscere, findi || Of the skin, scindi: TR., findere.
CHAP, s., rima. || Of the skin, rhagades, rhagadia, plural.
CHAPE, ansa: ansa ferrea: fibula.
CHAPEAU-BRAS, *petasus subalaris.
CHAPEL, ædicula (small temple): sacrarium (any sacred place): sacellum (small chapel, with the image of a god in it, Voss. ad Ecl., 3, 9, p. 87).
CHAPERON, s., * quæ puellam ducit in convivium (after Nepos., uxorem ducere in convivium, Pref., 6).
CHAPERON, v., ducere aliquam in convivium.
CHAPITER, capitulum.
CHAPLAIN, *capellanus.
CHAPLET, sertum, etc. Vid. GARLAND.
CHAPMAN, Vid. BUYER.
CHAPS,. [Vid. JAW.] || Of a river, etc.,os: ostium: fauces (e.g., portus, Cæsar).
CHAPTER, caput || In an ecclesiastical sense, *conventus canonicorum (as assembly):* collegium canonicorum (as body):
CHAPTER-HOUSE, * curia canonicorum. CHARACTER, || mark, impression, nota: signum: character (especially a mark stamped or burned on an animal).|| sum of such marks, making up the peculiar character of anything, alicujus rei natura atque vis:*peculiaris forma atque indoles: the character of a writer (with reference to style), stilus: scribendi genus (only præ- and post-classical, character, except in Varro). Hence, || character of a person, natura: indoles:ingenium: animus (the three fairst, the original cast of the individual’s mind:animus, his whole moral and intellectual nature): mores (his moral character), vita (his kind of life): persona (the part he plays, as it were, on the theatre of civil life, Cicero, Læl., 1, 4; Quintilianus, 10. 1, 55).Vid. All these expressions denote only a part of the whole character: to denote the whole, join, indoles animi ingeniique (Livius, 10, 17); natura et mores, mores naturaque; ingenium ac mores vita moresque; mos et natura (e.g., of a people, gentis): goodness of character, bonitas: a gentle, kind, affable character, comitas; humanitas; ingenium lene, liberale: a harsh, inexorable character, ingenium durum atque inexorabile: an affable, complaisant character, mores faciles:an elevated character, animus magnus, excelsus, altus; altitudo animi: a fickle character, ingenium mobile: a many-sided character, ingenium multiplex: of a mild character, mitis ingenio: of a firm character, constans: to see a man’s character at once by his face, alicujus mores naturamque ex oculis pernoscere (Cicero): to form one’s character, mores conformare. A peculiarity of character, proprietas: a fault of character, morum vitium. || Official dignity, appellatio: nomen: dignitas:munus.
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To be clothed icith the character of an ambassador, legationes administrare, agere; legationibus fungi: to accept the character of an ambassador, legationum obire mumis (Cicero.,Phil., 9, l, 3).” || Good character. Vid. REPUTATION.