en_la_07

Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.comBOX, v.,concludere, includere, in arca, cista; sepire, obsepire.

BOX,|| a blow, alapa (in the face with the open hand) colaphus (with the fist).To give one a box on the ear, alicui colaphum ducere, impingere, infringere; palma aliquem percutere.To box one’s ears soundly, aliquem percutere colaphis.

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BOX, v.,|| fight with the fists, pugnis certare.A boxing match, pugillatio, pugillatus.A boxer, qui pugnis certat, pugil.

BOX,|| a tree, buxus.Box-wood, buxum.Made of box-wood, buxeus.A flute of box-wood, tibia buxea, or simply buxus, buxum.Full of box., buxosus.A plate planted with box, buxetum.

BOY,puer.A little boy, puerulus, pusio (generally):pupus, pupulus (in endearment).To become a boy again, repuerascere.To leave boy’s play, nuces relinquere.He is past a boy, virilem togam sumsit, ex pueris or ex ephebis excessit.When I was a boy, me puero.|| Vid. CHILD.

BOYHOOD,ætas puerilis, pueritia, anni pueriles or puerilitatis.In boyhood, ineunte ætate.From my, our boyhood, a puero, a pueris.

BOYISH,puerilis.

BOYISHLY,pueriliter.

BOYISHNESS,puerilitas, mores pueriles.

BRACE, v.,|| bind, alligare, deligare.|| Strain, tendere, intendere, contendere.

BRACE,vinculum, copula.|| Bandage, ligamen, ligamentum, fascia; redimiculum.|| Tension, tensio (Hyginus, Vitruvius, post-classical, rare):tensura (post-classical, Hyginus, Vegetius).Mostly by circumlocution with extendere (e.g., funem):intendere (e.g., chordas, arcum):contendere (arcum, etc.):intendere aliquid aliqua re (e.g., sellam loris).Braces under a bed, institæ, quibus sponda culcitam fert (Petronius).|| Of a ship, funis quo antenna vertitur; rudens.|| Braces for breeches, fasciæ braccis sustinendis.|| A pair, par: of pigeons, par columbarum.They are found in braces, bini inveniuntur.

BRACELET,armilla, brachiale, spinther [vid. ARMLET].Wearing bracelets, armillatus.

BRACK,ruptum, scissum; rima; vitium.

BRACKET (in typography),uncus, not uncinus, may be used as technical term; or parenthesis nota or signum (for double brackets).To inclose in brackets, uncis (not uncinis) includere.

BRACKISH,subsalsus, amarus.To have a brackish taste, salsi or subsalsi saporis esse.

BRAG,se jactare, insolenter gloriari, gestire et se efferre insolentius; lingua esse fortem; sublatius de se dicere; gloriosius de se prædicare; gloria et prædicatione se efferre: of anything, gloriari aliqua re, de or in aliqua re; se jactare in aliqua re; aliquid jactare, ostentare, venditare.He brags of his merits, de virtutibus suis prædicat.In order to brag of their genius, etc., ingenii venditandi memoriæque ostentandæ causa.Vain bragging, inanis jactantia.A bragging soldier, gloriosus miles.Bragging words, ingentia verba.

BRAGGART,BRAGGADOCIO,jactator, ostentator, venditator alicujus rei (one who is always bringing forward boastfully his real or supposed merits; e.g., factorum):homo vanus (empty, conceited fellow):immodicus æstimator sui (who infinitely overrates himself):homo vaniloquus: homo (miles) gloriosus:jactator rerum a se gestarum:fortis lingua.

BRAGGING,jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio; venditatio quædam et ostentatio (all with alicujus rei, about anything):ostentatio sui:jactantia sui (Tacitus):vana de se prædicatio:jactatio circulatoria.Grandiloquentia, magniloquentia (used by Cicero seldom, and in other meanings) are poetical.

BRAID,texere, nectere, plectere (only in participle plexus).To braid a basket, fiscinam texere.To braid garlands of flowers, serta e floribus facere.To braid ivy into the hair, hedera religare crines.To braid the hair, comam in gradus formare or frangere, comere caput in gradus.

BRAID, s.,|| of hair, gradus.A braid of flowers, flores texti or plexi.

BRAIN,cerebrum.A little brain, cerebellum.To beat out the brains, cerebrum extundere, elidere, dispercutere.|| FIG., cerebrum, mens.His brain is turned, mente captus est, de or ex mente exiit, mente alienatus est.Is not your brain turned? satin sanus es? To ply his brains, ingenii or mentis vires intendere.

BRAIN, v.,alicui cerebrum discutere, diminuere, dispercutere; cerebrum excipere, extrahere.

BRAINISH,cerebrosus, phreneticus (φρενιτικός).

BRAINLESS,demens, fatuus, stolidus, desipiens, vecors.He is a brainless fellow, cerebrum non habet.

BRAIN-PAN,calva, calvaria.

BRAIN-SICK,mente captus, delirus, vecors, demens, desipiens.

BRAKE (fern),filix.|| Thorn, thicket, dumetum, vepretum, senticetum, spinetum.|| A brake for hemp, instrumentum quo cannabis decorticatur.|| Kneading-trough, magis.|| Sharp bit, lupi, frenum lupatum, or lupatum only.

BRAMBLE,|| blackberry, raspberry, rubus.Bramble bushes, rubetum.|| Thorns, dumi (bushes crowded together so as to make a sort of wilderness):sentes (prickly bushes, thorn bushes):vepres (combines both meanings; thorn bushes growing thickly together).Bramble brake, dumetum, etc.

BRAN,furfur.Of bran, furfureus.

Bran-like, furfuraceus.

BRANCH,ramus (a bough from the trunk):frons (leafy branch of a bough):termes (branch broken off with its leaves and fruits).A dry branch, ramale.A vine branch, palmes, sarmentum.A little branch (bough), ramulus, ramusculus.|| Sprig, surculus, sarmentum.To put forth branches [vid. BRANCH, v.]:excessively, silvescere.To have branches, frondere.FIG., ramus (branch or collateral line of a stock):familia (division of a gens):pars (part).Branch of a river, brachium, pars; caput (one of its mouths).

Branch of the sea, sinus, æstuarium.

Branch of a mountain, ramus, brachium.The four branches into which morals divide themselves, quatuor partes honestatis.

BRANCH, v.,frondescere; ramis diffundi; luxuriari.A branching beech, patula fagus.|| Branch (divide itself) into two parts, into several parts, in duas, plures partes dividi.To branch out a discourse, orationem in plures partes, in plurima capita distinguere.|| To speak diffusely, latius, uberius dicere, disputare; pluribus dicere.To branch out far, late se fundere.

BRANCHLESS,fronde or ramis carens or nudatus.

BRANCHY,frondosus; ramosus.ramulosus; patulus.

BRAND,|| fire-brand, titio (τινθός, on or taken from the hearth, where it served for warmth, heat, light):torris (torreo; the burning brand from the hearth, especially from a pile or altar, where it was consuming a corpse, victim, etc.).A burning brand, titio ardens, poetical, vivus (opposed to exstinctus).|| Mark of disgrace, literarum nota (inusta), stigma.FIG., to cast a brand of infamy upon one, maculam or ignominiam or notam turpitudinis alicui inurere; aliquem ignominia notare (of the censor).|| For cattle, nota, signum. BRAND, v., To brand one, notam alicui inurere, stigma alicui inscribere, imponere. FIG. (vid. above, to cast a brand upon).

Branded (properly), literarum nota or stigmatis nota inustus, stigmatias (-æ).

Branded with crime, infamatus, infamie, famosus: with cowardice, ignaviæ nota designatus. A branding-iron, cauterium.

BRANDISH, librare (hastam, to raise it in a horizontal direction, in order to hurl it with greater force and a surer aim):vibrare (to brandish it backward and forward, or up and down, in order to testify an eager desire for the combat): coruscare (to make a weapon gleam): rotare (to whirl it round and round): quatere, quassare, crispare (to wave, shake, flourish). || FIG., to brandish syllogisms, conclusiunculas vibrare.

BRANDY, *vinum e frumento factum, *vinum frumento expressum. Pliny speaks of the spirituous liquors prepared by the Inidians from dates, etc., by the general term vinum.

BRASS, æs, æris, metallum; orichalcum (properly a natural copper ore, and a kind of brass prepared from it).

Brass ore, or brass stone, lapis ærosus. Full of brass, ærosus.

Covered with brass, æratus. To cover with brass, ære inducere. Made of brass [vid. BRAZEN]. A brass pot, ahenum.

BRASSY (containing brass), ærosus.|| Hard as brass, aeneus, æratus. || Impudent. Vid. BRAZEN.

BRAT, infans, infantulus (-a); puerulus, pusio, puellula; filius (-a), filiolus (-a). A beggar’s brat, mendici filius. When you were a brat, te puerulo, puellula, infante.|| Vid. CHILD.

BRAVADO, inanes minæ (Cicero): (immanis) terror verborum (Cicero): verba minarum plena (Horatius: of threatening bravado). || Boast, jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio, etc. Vid. BRAGGING.

BRAVE, || courageous, etc., animosus (opposed to timidus, full of high spirit and animal courage to brave danger fearlessly): fortis (opposed to ignavus, brave; with moral courage to brave danger and endure hardships): strenuus (opposed to ignavus, going resolutely and actively to work, and firm and persevering in carrying it through): acer (opposed to lentus, spirited, eager, fiery): magnanimus (of lofty, noble courage, self sacrificing), (The words are found in this connection and order), fortis et animosus; animosus et fortis; fortis atque strenuus; strenuus et fortis; acer et fortis. To be very brave, egregie fortem esse. A brave soldier, miles bonus, egregius.To show himself a brave man, se fortem præbere, præstare. A brave drinker, acer potor. || Splendid, fine, grand, magniticus, splendidus, præclarus, lautissimus; formosus, pulcher, speciosus.|| Excellent, noble, bonus, egregius, præclarus, eximius. excellens, præstans. You are a brave fellow (to a slave), frugi
es, frugi es homo. ‘Tis a brave thing to die for one’s country, dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.

BRAVE (defy), v., aliquem provocare; contumacem esse in aliquem or adversus aliquid, contumaciter spernere aliquid, contemnere aliquid. Since he braves me to it, quando eo me provocat. To brave all human laws, omnia jura humana contemnere.To brave dangers, obviam ire se offerre periculis.

BRAVELY, fortiter, animose, strenue, acriter; bene, egregie, pulchre, præclare, eximie; speciose, splendide, laute.

BRAVERY, || boldness: fortitude, fortis animus, virtus (virtus shows itself in energetic action, and acts on the offensive:fortitudo in energetic resistance and unshrinking endurance: like constantia):acrimonia (fiery courage). To be of distinguished personal bravery, manu fortem or promtum esse. || Splendor, etc., splendor, omatus, cultus, etc. || Boastful show, jactantia, ostcntatio, venditatio: ostentatio sui: jactantia sui (Tacitus.):vana de se prædicatio: jactantia circulartoria.

BRAVO, s., sicarius. || Interj., sophos! euse! factum bene! laudo!

BRAWL, v., altercari, jurgare, rixari.

Brawl with one, jurgio contendere cum aliquo, rixari cum aliquo, rixa mihi est cum aliquo.

Brawl with each other, inter se altercari, inter se rixari, jurgiis certare inter se.

BRAWL, s., altercatio, jurgium, rixa, lites (-ium).

BRAWLER, homo jurgiosus; homo rixosus or rixæ cupidus, rixator; (a brawling advocate), rabula. BRAWLING, jurgiosus, rixosus, rixæ cupidus; litigiosus.

BRAWN, || muscles, musculi, tori (poetical): partes corporis musculosæ.|| Strength, nervi, lacerti, robur.

Brawn of the arm, lacerti, tori lacertorum (poetical). || Boar’s flesh, aprugna caro, aprugna (wild): verrina caro.

BRAWNY, musculosus, torosus, lacertosus, robustus.

BRAY, || pound pinsere. contundere. || As an ass, rudere. || To cry out, vociferari, clamorem tollere, edere: (of a speaker) latrare.

BRAYING, tritura, contusio: || rudor; vociferatio, clamor; clangor.

BRAZE, v., æs inducere alicui rei or aliquid ære inducere; (solder with brass) ære ferruminare: harden, durare; frontem alicui perfricare. I am brazed to shame, obduruit animus ad pudorem.

BRAZEN, aheneus, aeneus, æreus; aenus or ahenus (poetical): FIG., the Brazen, Age, ætas aenea. || Proceeding from brass. A brazen din, æreus eonitus. || Hard, shameless. A brazen brow or face, os impudens, durum or ferreum. A brazen-faced fellow, homo perfrictæ frontis.

BRAZEN, v.,

Brazen it out, impudenter or pertinacius aliquid assererare or affirmare: impudentiam præ se ferre. BRAZIER, faber ærarius, ærarius.

BREACH, || of a fortification, munimentorum ruinæ, jacentis muri ruinæ.To make a breach in the wall, tormentis machinisque (with cannon, etc.) perfringere ac subruere murum, muri partem (ariete incusso) subruere. To enter the city by a breach, per apertum ruina ita in urbem invadere or transcendere.To repair the breaches, muros quassos reficere. || Any opening caused by breaking, ruptum, scissum. To make a breach in a thing, aliquid frangere, rumpere, dirumpere. || Violation,violatio.

Breach of a league, fœderis violatio; violatum or ruptum fœdus.

Breach of friendship, amicitæ violatio; amicitia violata. To commit a breach of peace (make war), pacis fidem rumpere, pacem turbare. To consider it as a breach of the league, if, etc, pro rupto fœdus habere, si, etc. Without a breach of duty, salvo officio. It is a breach of duty, contra officium est. To commit a breach of duty, ab officio discedere or recedere; officio suo deesse; officium prætermittere, negligere, deserere; ab religione officii in aliqua re declinare. || Falling out, discordia, dissidium. It comes to a breach. res ad discordias deducitur, discordia oritur.

BREAD, panis.

Common, every-day bread, panis cibarius, plebeius.

Coarse bread, panis secundus or secundarius.Pure, white bread, panis siligineus. Light bread, panis tener. Light and white bread, panis molli siligine. Good, bad bread, panis bonus, malus. Hard bread, panis durus. Old, new bread, panis vetus, recens. Yesterday’s bread, panis hesternus. Leartned bread, panis fermentatus.Musty bread, panis mucidus. To eat something wish bread, aliquid cum pane, ad panem edere. What is eaten with bread, opsonium. The making of bread, panificium. Want of bread, inopia frumentaria or rei frumentariæ; penuria frumenti or cibi Bread-basket, panarium, panariolum.

Bread-market, forum pistorium. || FIG., support, sustenance. victus, victus quotidianus; res ad vitam necessariæ. To seek his bread, victum quærere, quæritare. To earn his bread, parare ea, quæ ad victum suppeditant.To earn his bread easily, facile quærere victum: by the sweat of his brow, *sudore ac labore victum quærere. He has his bread, habet unde vivat. To labor for one’s daily bread, diurnum victum qaærere; diurno quæstu famem propulsare;*quæstum quotidianum facere (quæstum quotidianum, Cicero, Cat., 4, 8, 17). Want of one’s daily bread, inopia quæstus, inopia quæstus et penuria alimentorum (Terentius). To labor for one’s bread, victum quærere. He worked for his daily bread, ei opera vita erat (Terentius, Phorm., 2, 3, 16).To take the bread out of a man’s mouth, deprive him of his bread, victu aliquem privare, rejicere aliquem ad famem. He has hardly bread to eat, *vix habet, unde vitam toleret. BREADTH, latitudo. In breadth, in latitudinem; latus.A ditch ten feet in breadth, fossa decem pedes lata.

Breadthwise, in latitudinem. || Magnitude, etc., magnitudo; momentum, gravitas. Vid. BROAD.

BREAK, frangere, rumpere (frangere, to break to pieces what is hard; rumpere, to rend to pieces what is fiexible: when applied to anything hard, rompere implies exertion and danger: membrum rumpere, os frangere. Catullus, ap. Prisc., in breaking a limb the rending of the flesh being the thing seen, Döderlein’s Synonyms): diffringere (to break asunder): confringere (to break into small pieces): disrumpere (to burst asunder what was originally entire): divellere (to tear asunder what was at first joined together).To break the arm, hip. etc., frangere brachium, coxam. etc. I will break his neck, frangam ejus cervicem. To break a man’s head, diminuere caput or cerebrum alicui. To break at the end, præfringere. To break small, conterere, comminuere, contundere. His misfortune breaks my heart, casu ejus frangor.To break a lance with one, cum aliquo in certamen descendere. INTR., frangi, confringi; rumpi, dirumpi; scindi (to split). The waves break upon the rock, fluctus a saxo franguntur, ductus frangit scopulus. My heart breaks, dirumpor dolore. || Bring to yield, tame, subdue, frangere, infringere; vincere, domare.

Break the obstinacy of a man, infringere alicujus ferociam.

Break a horse, equum domare.

Break a man’s power, alicujus potentiam infringere, frangere aliquem. || The cold breaks (lessens), frigus minuitur, frangitur, se frangit (not rumpitur or se rurapit). The clouds break, nubes rumpunt, rumpuntur (not frangunt, se frangunt, or franguntur).[Vid. “break up,” below.] || Weaken, crush. etc., debilitare, infirmum reddere; minuere, imminuere, comminuere; frangere, conficere, affligere.

Broken in body and mind, confectus corpore et animo. My strength is broken, vires me deficiunt, debilitor et frangor. I am broken, non sum, qualis eram. To break the power of the enemy, hostium vim pervertere.Our broken circumstances, res fractæ, fractæ opes. || To break off, violate, put an end to, frangere, rumpere.

Break the silence, silentium rumpere, silentii finem facere. To break his fast, cibum capere, sumere: solvere jejunium; (breakfast) jentare. To break sleep, somnum interrumpere. To break off an intimacy gradually, amicitiam remissione usus eluere, amicitiam dissuere. non descindere (Cicero). To break his word, fidem frangere, violare; fidem prodere. To break laws, leges perrumpere, violare, a legibus discedere (rumpere, poetical).

Break his oath, jusjurandum non servare, non conservare.

Break friendship, amicitiam violare, dissolvere, dirumpere. To break with one, ab amicitia alicujus se removere, amicitiam alicujus dimittere.|| To make unconnected, frangere, interrumpere.

Broken words, voces interruptæ.A broken voice, vox fracta. They break the ranks, ordines perturbant. The clouds break, nubes discutiuntur, sol inter nubes effulget. || To break a man. i.e., make him bankrupt, aliquem evertere bonis or fortunis omnibus; perdere aliquem.To break, i.e., became bankrupt, cedere foro, conturbare, corruere, cadere, nanfragium omnium fortunarum facere.|| To break, i.e., disclose, aperire, patefacere, detegere; (propose) proponere.|| To break, i.e., refract, refringere.|| To break open itself (of a sore), rumpi. || Appear gradually, apptere. Day breaks, dies appetit; lucescit, dilucescit, illucescit. || To break into tears, lacrimæ prorumpunt, erumpunt: into a laugh, in cachinnos or risus effundi, risum tollere. || To break a man’s fall, aliquem (cadentem) excipere.|| To break ground (plough), agrum proscindere. || To break wind (upward), ructare: (downward) pedere. || To break asunder, confringere, perfringere, frangere, dirumpere. || To break down, destruere, demoliri, diruere; intercidere, interscindere (a bridge, pontem): INTR., corruere, collabi. FIG., debilitare, infirmare: minuere, comminuere; frangere, affligere, pessum dare, perdere: INTR., debilitari. etc.; in pejus mutari, pessum ire. || To break from, se abripere, eripere, abstrahere, avellere; erumpere.To break from prison, vincula carceris rumpere. || To break in upon, interrumpere, turbare. To
break into, irrumpere, irruere: a house, domum perfringere.To break the door in, januam effringere.|| To break off, defringere; decerpere; avellere: INTR., frangi, præfringi. flowers, decerpere flores: the point of the spear, præfringere hastam. || FIG., to break off friendship, amicitiam dirumpere, discindere: a conversation, sermonem incidere. abrumpere. To break off in the midst of a speech, præcidere (absolutely).

But I break off, sed satis de hoc.To break off from a thing, aliquid abjicere, desistere re or de re. Here the road breaks off, hic via finem capit. || To break open, effringere, refringere, moliri (e.g., fores); resignare, solvere (literas, epistolam): INTR., rumpi, dehiscere; scindi (of the skin): recrudescere (of wounds, break open afresh): (of flowers) utriculum rumpere, florem aperire. || To break out, erumpere; vincula (carceris) rumpere: figuratively, erumpere; exardescere. A war breaks out, bellum ingruit, exoritur. Diseases break out among the rowers, morbi ingruunt in remiges. To break out (with the mange, with boils, etc.), scabie, pustulis, etc., infici. || To break through the wall of a house, parietem perfodere: the door, effringere fores: the enemy, per medium hostium aciem perrumpere.|| To break up (into pieces), diffringere; comminuere, conterere, contundere.To break up an army, milites dimittere. To break up school, house. etc., *scholam, femiliam, dimittere. To break up the cold frigus solvere, dissolvere, resolvere.To break up land, agrum occare; agrum proscindere. I will break up this habit of yours, adimam tibi hanc consuetudinem.To break up (dissolve itself), solvi, dissolvi. resolvi. BREAK, s., ruptum, scissum; rima:(space) intervallum, spatium interjectum.|| Of day, prima lux; diluculum. At break of day, ubi primum illuxit, prima luce, primo diluculo (cum), diluculo.

Before daybreak, ante lucem: taking place then, antelucanus. From daybreak, a prima luce.

BREAKER, qui frangit, rumpit, etc.; ruptor. || Breakers, æstos maritimi in litore ferventes.

BREAKFAST, jentaculnm.|| To breakfast, jentare.

BREAK-WATER, *moles portui objecta ad flucrus maritimos arcendos; *moles fluctibus opposita.

BREAM, sparus; pagrus or phagrus.

BREAST, pectus, thorax; præcordia (the cavity of the chest, with the heart and lungs): latus, latera (with reference to the state of the lungs). To receive wounds in the breast (i.e., in front), vulnera adversa accipere or adverse corpore excipere.A breast-wound, vulnus pectoris. A pain in the breast, dolor pectoris, præcordiorom.|| The breasts, mammæ (especially of human beings): ubera, uberum (especially of brutes). Under the left breast, infra lævam papillam. Having large breasts, mammosus. To put an infant to the breast, mammam infanti dare or præbere.A little breast, mammula: || (as the seat of feeling, etc.) pectus, animus.The furies of the breast, domesticæ furiæ.

But vid. also BOSOM.

BREAST, v., pectus opponere alicui rei, alicui rei adverso pectore resistere; obniti, reluctari.

Breast the waves, fluctibus (forti pectore) obniti.

Breast adversity, fortia pectora adversis rebus opponite (imperative).

BREAST-BONE, os pectoris or pectorale.

BREAST-PLATE, thorax.

BREAST-WORK, pluteus; lorica.

BREATH, spiritus; anima (breath of life): balitus from the mouth): respiratio.Short breath, spirandi or spiritus difficultas, meatus animæ gravior; anhelatio or anhelitus (panting). Stinking breath, anima fœtida, os fœtidum, oris fœtor, oris or animæ gravitas. At one breath, uno spiritu, sine respiratione: to drink, non respirare in hauriendo. To hold the breath, animam continere or comprimere.To fetch, draw breath, spirare, spiritum or animam ducere, spiritum haurire. To stop the breath, animam or spiritum or spiritus viam intereludere [vid. CHOKE].To take breath again, respirare (properly and figuratively): se colligere, ad se redire (properly and figuratively). Out of breath, exanimatus. To put out of breath, exanimare. To be put out of breath with running, cursu exanimari. To the last breath, usque ad extremum spiritum. A breath of air, aura. The breath of popular favor, aura popularis.

BREATHE, v., spirare, respirare, animam reciprocare, spiritum trahere et emittere, animam or spiritum ducere.To breathe freely, libere respirare. To breathe with difficulty, ægre ducere spiritum; auhelare (to pant). While I live and breathe, dum quidem spirare potero, dum anima spirabo mea, dum anima est.A breathing, spiritus, spiratio, respiratio.A breathing between, interspiratio. To breathe upon, afflare aliquem or alicui, aspirare ad aliquem. A breathing upon, afflatus. To breathe into, inspirare. A breathing-hole, spiraculum. To breathe again (figuratively), respirare, se or animum colligere or recipere, recreari: TR., spiritu ducere; haurire. To breathe the common air, auram communem haurire.Air is fit to be breathed, aer spirabilis est.To breathe out, exspirare, exhalare: his last, animam efflare, exspirare. The flowers breathe fragrant scents, odores e floribus afflantur, flores exhalant odores. To be breathed upon by serpents, a serpentibus afflari. To breathe a lofty spirit into a man, alicui magnam mentem inspirare.Your face breathes love, facies tua spirat amores. His works seem to breathe his spirit, ejus mens videtur spirare in scriptis.|| To breathe a little (in a speech), paulum intrequiescere. A breathing, respiratio; quies. || To exercise, exercere.|| To breathe a vein, venam incidere.|| To breathe one’s last, vid. to give up the GHOST.

BREATHING [vid. above]. || A rough breathing, aspiratio: the sign of it, spiritus asper. Smooth breathing, spiritus lenis.Vid. ASPIRATE.

BREATHLESS, exanimatus, exanimis; mortuus.

BRED,Vid. BREED.

BREECHES, braccæ or bracæ: wide ones, laxæ braccæ: tight ones, braccæ strictæ: wearing them, braccatus; braccis indutus.

BREED, gignere, generare, creare, procreare; parere: ferre, efferre, proferre (of th earth, nature). Where were you bred (born)? ubi natus es? FIG., to breed imitators, imitatores creare.

Crime is bred of vice, scelera ex vitiis manant.This will breed a quarrel, rixam hoc excitabit.INTR., nasci, gigni, creari, generari, procreari; oriri: bring forth, parere, partum edero, fetare, fetus edere.|| Bring up, nutrire, alere, educere, educare; tollere, suscipere: (children physically and morally) educare, rarely educere. To breed cattle, pecus nutrire, alere, educare. Well-bred, bene doctus et educatus, liberalibus disciplinis institutus: (genteel) urbanus. To be bred up in a thing, alicui rei innutriri: to a thing, ad aliquid educari, ad aliquid a puero institui. BREED, s., genus; seminium. Dogs of noble breed, nobiles ad venandum canes.In choosing the breed, in seminio legendo. A royal breed, regio sanguine orti.

BREEDING, partio, generatio, procreatio, genitura, partus, partura; fetura.Good for breeding, fetura; habilis. To raise (animals) for breeding, submittere.|| Educational training, educatio, disciplina; institutio; cultus: mores.

BREESE, œstrus; asilus; tabanus.

BREEZE, aura.

BREEZY, flatibus or auris permulsus.

BRETHREN, Vid., BROTHER.

BREVIARY,epitome, summarium, breviarium (post-classical breviarium — olim, quum latine loqueremur, summarium vocabatur, Seneca). || Of the Romish Church, *breviarium, *precationum liber.

BREVITY. Vid., BRIEFNESS.

BREW, potum or cerevisiam coquere.FIG., a storm is brewing, tempestas imminet, impendet. Wars are brewing, bella tumescunt. || To plot, concoct, meditari; in animo agitare; comminisci, coquere, concoquere.

BREWER, coctor (cerevisiæ).

BREW-HOUSE, potaria officina.

BRIAR, Vid., BRIER.

BRIBE, s., merces, pretium, donum, pecunia, largitio. To offer one a bribe, pecunia sollicitare or oppugnare aliquem.To take a bribe, pecuniam accipere, fidem pecunia mutare: never, adversam dona invictum animum gerere. To resist a bribe, largitioni resistere.

BRIBE, v., corrumpere, with or without pecunia, mercede, pretio, donis, largitione; pretio mercari, donis ad suam causam perducere. To bribe the court, judicium or judices corrumpere. He that bribes, corruptor, largitor. A judge that may be bribed, judex venalis (pretio): that can not be bribed, incorruptus, integer.

BRIBERY, corruptela; largitio; ambitus (for an office). To be perverted by bribery, adulterari pecunia.

BRICK, later, later coctus, testa. A little brick, laterculus. A brick wall, murus coctilig, latericius. To make (form) bricks, lateres ducere, fingere: to burn them, lateres coquere. κυρικιμασαηικοAn unburned brick, later crudus.

Brick-work, (opus) latericium. To lay bricks, opus latericium facere. A brick-layer, cæmentarius.A brick-kiln, fornax lateraria. A brick-maker, laterarius.

Brick-dust, lateres in pulverem contriti, testa trita.

BRICK, v., lateribus sternere.

BRIDAL, nuptialis.

Bridal attire, *mundus nuptialis.

Bridal veil, tlammeum.

Bridal garment, *vestis nuptialis.In her bridal garment, candide vestita (Plautus):|| s., nuptiæ.

BRIDE, nympha, nova nupta: not sponsa.

Bride-man, paranymphus (late).

Bride-maid, paranympha (late).

Bride-cake, mustaceus or mustaceum, placenta nuptialis.

BRIDEGROOM, novus maritus (not sponsus).

BRIDEWELL, pistrinum, ergastulum.

BRIDGE, pons. A little bridge, ponticulus.A bridge on piles, pons sublicius:of boats, pons navalis, rates (et lintres) junctæ. To throw a bridge over a river, pontem flumini imponere or injicere, pontem
in fluvio or in flumine facere, amnem ponte jungere. To break down a bridge, pontem rescindere, iriterscindere, intercidere, interrumpere: partially, pontem recidere: behind one, pontem interscindere a tergo. || Of the nose, or an instrument, jugum.

BRIDLE, v., (properly) frenare, infrenare equum; frenos equo injicere. A bridled horse, equus frenatus. || FIG., frenare, refrenare, coercere, continere, comprimere, reprimere. To bridle one’s passions, refrenare, coercere or reprimere cupiditates (libidines); moderari cupiditatibus; frangere cuipiditates.

BRIDLE, frenum; habenæ (reins).To let him have the bridle, habenas remittere, frenos dare (properly and figuratively).You must bite the bridle, decoquenda est tibi amimi ægritudo.

BRIEF, brevis; angustus, concisus, astrictus, pressus. (The words are found in this connection and order), contractus et astrictus. [SYN. in SHORT].A brief narration, narratio brevis. To be brief (of a speaker), brevem (opposed to longum) esse; brevitatem adhibere in aliqua re, brevitati servire. Time itself forces me to be brief, breviloquentem me tempus ipsum facit.

Be brief with it, in pauca confer, verbo dicas, præcide; id, si potes, verbo expedi. To be brief (make short), in brief, ut in pauca conferam; ne longum faciam; ne longus sim; ut ad pauca redeam; ut paucis dicam; ne multa; ne plura; quid multa? ad summam: ne longum fiat: ne (multis) te morer: de quo ne multa disseram: quid plura? quid quæris? denique. This is the brief of the thing, hæc summa est.

BRIEF, s, literæ; diploma.

BRIEFLY, breviter (shortly, general term): paucis (sc. verbis), breviter (in, few words): strictim: carptim (but slightly, not at length; opposed to copiose). (The words are found in this connection and order), breviter strictimque: præcise (touching the principal heads, with omissions; opposed to plene et perfecte): presse or pressius (in a cennpressed form, but fully and sufficiently; e.g., definire): arte (or arete): anguste (in small compass): quasi præteriens (as if in passing). To speak or write briefly, breviter dicere, paucis dicere, brevi præcidere; paucis or breviter scribere or perscribere.

Briefly, but well, paucis quidem, sed bene.

Briefly and conclusively, contorte. To touch briefly, aliquid leviter tangere, breviter or strictim attingere; brevi præcidere. To give briefly, paucis verbis reddere, exponere, comprehendere. To state anything briefly, *paucis verbis reddere, exprimere or comprehendere aliquid. As briefly as possible, perquam breviter perstringere aliquid atque attingere.

BRIEFNESS, BREVITY, brevitas (dicendi); breviloquentia (as a quality). The expressive brevity of Thucydides, astricta brevitas Thucydidis. With all possible brevity, quam brevissime.

BRIER, vepres, spina, dumus, sentis. [SYN. in BRAMBLE].A little brier, veprecula.A place for briers growing, vepretum, dumetum, spinetum, locus vepribus plenus. Dog-brier, sentis canis, cynosbatos, rubus caninus. Of briers, spineus.

BRIERY, spinosus.

BRIGADE, caterva; ala (of cavalry). BRIGADIER, ductor catervæ or alæ.

BRIGAND, latro.

BRIGANTINE, celox (swift-sailer); navis piratica or prædatoria (pirate). || Coat of mail, lorica.

BRIGHT, clarus (bright by nature: then also of what is clear to the understanding):lucidus (shining with a bright, pure light:opposed to obscurus): pellucidus (transparent; pellucid): illustris (existing in light; of a road, star, etc., Cicero, Verr., 3, 94, 219): luminosus (having abundant light): nitidus, nitens (shining beautifully, with pure brightness): splendidus (shining with dazzling, splendid brightness): fulgens (blazing with fiery brightness; e.g., of a comet: opposed to sol nitidus): serenus (calm and cloudless:of bright skies and weather): perspicuus (transparent, of glass, etc.; then evident).

Bright eyes, oculi vegeti, micantes, clari, radiantes, ardentes, etc. A fiery-bright comet, cometes fulgens, ardens. A bright constellation, clarum sidus. The sky hecomes bright, disserenascit: at dawn, lucescit, illucescit. || Make bright [vid. BRIGHTEN]. To be bright, clarum, illustrem. etc., esse: clarere, lucere, collucere, nitere, splendere, micare, fulgere.To become bright, clarum, etc., fieri; clarescere, nitescere, splendescere. The brass is bright with use, æra nitent usu.

Bright days (figuratively), dies læti, candidi soles. || Illustrious, clarus, splendidus, illustris, magnificus, præclarus.

Bright deeds, magnificæ res gestæ, facta splendida. A bright name, nomen illustre.To be bright, splendere, fulgere, nitere, enitere, elucere. || Beautiful, nitidus, nitens. || Acute, ingenious, acutus, perspicax, sollers, ingeniosos. A man of bright parts, homo ingeniosus (et sollers), præstanti ingenio præditus. BRIGHTLY,clare, lucide, etc.

BRIGHTNESS,claritas (general term):splendor, nitor (splendor denotes pomp, nitor onlv neatness, simple beauty):candor (of the sky, sun, etc.):fulgor (fiery brightness; e.g., of a comet).The fiery brightness of the comet had overcome the milder brightness of the sun, stella cometes fulgore suo solis nitorem vicerat.The brightness (clearness) of the sky, weather, serenitas, serenum.Virtue has a brightness of her own, virtus splendet per se.To lose brightness (of a thing), obsolescere.Brightness of intellect, acies mentis, ingenii; ingenii acumen.The brightness of glory, fulgor gloriæ.|| Transparency, pelluciditas.

BRIGHTEN,splendidum or nitidum facere aliquid; in splendorem dare aliquid; nitorem induere alicui rei.|| Enlighten, illuminare, illustrare.|| Polish, polire.|| Gladden, hilarare, exhilarare.To brighten a man up, aliquem eshilarare:the countenance, exhilarare vultum, frontem explicare:the mind, nubila animi serenare, ab animo caliginem dispellere; acuere mentem (sharpen).INTR., illustrari, illuminari; nitescere, splendescere:(of men) diffundi, hilarem se facere.The sky brightens, cœli serenitas redditur, nubes discutiuntur, disserenascit.His face brightens up, frons or vultus se explicat.

BRILLIANT,splendidus (properly and improperly):splendens:fulgens: nitens:nitidus [SYN. in BRIGHT]:micans (glitteringly bright):illustris:magnificus (improperly, the latter referring more to the real nature of the thing).The brilliant passages in a poem, eminentia ium (Quintilianus):brilliant achiavements, magnificæ res gestæ:facta splendida.To gain a brilliant victory, magnifice vincere.A brilliant reputation, nomen illustre.

BRILLIANT, s.,*adamas quadratis areolis.

BRILLIANTLY,splendide:magnifice:nitide.

BRIM,margo:ora (the former as a line, the latter as a space, especially of a border, an ornamental, or at least artificial, edging):labrum (properly “lip,” the edge, brim, etc., of something hollow).Brim of a cup, poculi oræ or labra.|| Upper surface, summus, with a substantive.

BRIMFUL,ad margines (oras, labra) plenus.

BRIMSTONE,sulfur or sulphur.Of brimstone, sulphureus.Full of brimstone, solphurosus: saturated with it, sulphuratus.

BRINDED,maculosi coloris, maculosus; albis maculis; varii or disparis coloris, discolor.

BRINE,aqua salsa.|| For pickling, salsura, salsamentum, muria:figuratively, mare (salsum); lacrimæ (salsæ).

BRING,ferre, afferre, asportare, adducere, perducere [SYN. in CARRY]:advehere (by a vehicle or ship):importare (bring into the country):educere (lead out; e.g., a horse); ducere (lead):deducere (bring on his way, esperially for honor’s sake) in locum, comitari (accompany).To bring (attend) one home, domum aliquem deducere.To bring one to a person that he may be taught by him, aliquem deducere ad aliquem.To bring an offering, sacra facere.Bring the horse, equum adducas.

Bring me water for my hands, cedo aquam manibus.He brought his message, later, mandata, literas pertulit.The south wind brings rain, auster apportat imbres.To bring from one place to another, deferre, deportare, deducere.To bring word, nuntiare: again, renuntiare.To bring a proposition before the people, rogationem or legem ad populum ferre:a thing before the senate, rem ad senatum referre. To bring to light, proferre in lucem. e tenebris eruere. To bring upon the carpet, in medium proferre.To bring very many mitfortunes upon a man’s house or fimily, plurima mala in domum alicujus inferre. To brimg trouble. molestias creare. || I have brought the thing to that pass, that. etc., eo rem: deduxi, rem huc deduxi, ut, etc. To bring to extremity, ad summam desperationem or in summum discrimen adducere aliquem. To bring into doubt, in dubium vocare, devocare, revocare. To bring one to better thoughts, ad sanitatem aliquem revocare. To bring to nothing, pessum dare, ad nihilum or ad irritum redigere.To bring to ruin, pessum dare, perdere, ad interitum vocare, præcipitare: to poverty, ad inopiam redigere:to remembrance, memoriam alicujus rei repetere, revocare: to another’s remembrance, alicui aliquid in memoriam revocare or reducere: into subjection, in ditionem suam (or alicujus) redigere, ditioni suæ subjicere: to an account, ad calculos vocare: to pass, efficere, perficere, ad effectum ducere: to an end, absolvere, perficere, ad finem adducere, ad esitum perducere. || To bring (more, persuade) one to a thing, aliquem ad aliquid adducere or perducere: persuadere alicui ut, etc.; elicere (entice, coax) aliquem ad aliquid. I can not be brought to believe this, adduci non possum, ut credam, hoc esse; addnci non possum, ut hoc sit. I can not bring myself to, etc., ab animo meo impetrare non possum, ut, etc.; non sustineo (with infinitive, or accusative and infinitive). || To bring; i.e., to produce, yield, ferre, efficere; efferre, proferre.|| Cause, afferre, parere, movere.
|| Afford, præbere, dare. To bring one honor, bonori esse alicui. To bring a great price, magno venire; magni pretii esse, || Bring about, efficere, perficere, ad effectum perducere, patrare.I will bring it about for you, hoc tibi effectum reddam. || Bruig back, referre, reducere, reportare: word, renuntiare. To bring one back to duty, aliquem ad bonam frugem revocare. || Bring down, deferre, deducere, devocare. || Lessen, humble, break. etc., minuere, imminuere, levare, elevare, debilitare, attenuare, atterere, infirmare, frangere, enervare, labefactare:completely, pessom dare, evertere. To bring down a history to the present time, historiam ad nostra tempora deducere.|| Bring forth (bear, produce), parere; ferre, efferre, proferre; movere, creare:(bring forward) proferre, producere. || Bring forward, proferre, producere; in medium proferre; = propose, proponere, (legem) feme; = advance, augere, adaugere, fovere, attollere: witnesses, testes proferre: an argument, argumentum afferre. || Bring in, inferre, importare, invehere; ducere, introducere in, etc.; (cite) proferre, afferre: = introduce, exhibit, aliquem loquentem or disputantem inducere or facere, personam (a fictitious personage) introducere:= bring into currency or use, inducere, introducere, instituere: foreign usages, peregrinos ritus asciscere. || Yield, produce, ferre, efficere, reddere. The land brings in eight-fold, ager effert or efficit cum octavo. The money which the mines bring in, pecunia que redit (pecuniæ quæ facio) ex metallis. || Bring off (save, clear), serrare, conservare, eripere (alicui rei or ex aliqua re), vindicare (re or ab re), retrahere (ab re), salvum præstare, avertere(ab aliqua re). || Bring on, aliquem in auxilium or consilium vocare; aliquem socium assumere or sibi adjungere: (produce, movere, commovere, ciere, concitare, excitare. || Bring over to his own side, in partes suas ducere or trahere. || Bring out. in lucem proferre, protrahere; aperire, patefacere, detegere, manifestum facere; arguere, coarguere, evincere. || Bring together, comportare, conferre, congerere, cogere, colligere, contrahere. || Bring under, armis subigere, ditioni suæ subjicere; reprimere, coercere; in officium reducere; ad officium redire cogere. || Bring up educare [vid. EDUCATE]. To bring up the army, exercitum adducere. The soldiers who brought wp the rear, milites qui agmen claudebant or cogebant.

BRINK, margo, labrum, ora. SYN. in BRIM.

BRINY, salsus.

BRISK, vegetus, vigens, vividus, alacer, hilaris, lætus, ardens, acer, impiger, vehemens, fervidus.

Brisk wines, vina valida, fervida. To be brisk, vigere.

BRISKET, of beef, *pectus cæsi bovis.

BRISKLY, alacri animo, acriter, hilare, læte, vehementer, cum vi. The work goes on briskly, fervet opus (Vergilius).

BRISKNESS, vigor, ardor or fervor animi, vis, alacritas, hilaritas.

BRISTLE, seta. His bristles rise, setæ horrescunt. A boar’s back with the bristles set up, terga horrentia rigidis setis.

BRISTLE, v., horrescere, horrere. setas erigere. The hair bristles upon his arms, brachia horrescunt villis. A phalanx bristling with spears, phalanx horrens hastis.

Bristling spears, hastæ horrentes.

BRISTLY, setosos. || Like bristles, hirsutus, horridus.

BRITAIN,

Britannia.

BRITISH,

Britannicus.

BRITON,

Britannus.

BRITTLE, fragilis (properly and figuratively). caducus (figuratively).

BRITTLENESS, fragilitas.

BROACH, veru.

BROACH, v., || spit, veru (veribus) figere. || To broach a cask. dolium relinere (after the Roman way): *(terebra) dolium aperire; primum de dolio haurire.To broach the sacred fountains, sacros fontes aperire, recludere. To broach (disclose, reveal), aperire, in lucem proferre or protrahere, illustrare et excitare; in vulgus dare or edere, divulgare.To broach an error, erroris esse auctorem, parentem.

BROAD, || wide, latus. || Spreading, patulus. || Large, amplus, spatiosus, laxus, magnus. A ditch five feet broad, fossa qoinqne pedes lata. The plain is three miles broad, planities in latitudinem tria millia passuum patet. To be two inches broader than, duobus digitis excedere.To wax broad, in latitudinem diffundi.A broad-spreading beech, patula fagus. The broad sea, mare apertum.To have a bread conscience, parum religiosum esse.As broad as long, quadratus:figuratively, it is as broad as long, eodem redit: whether, etc., nihil interest, utrum, etc.

Broad grounds, causæ or rationes gravissimæ.

Broad-footed, palmipes:broad-breasted, pectorosus: broad-shouldered, latus ab humeris.

Broad-leaved, latifolius, folio latiore.

Broadsword, ensis. || Of pronunciation, latus, vastus.A broad utterance, latitudo verborum. To pronounce letters broad, literas dilatare. || Clear, open, clarus; apertus, manifestus. Till broad day, ad clarum diem, ad multum diem.

Broad signs, manifesta signa. || Circumstantial, minute, latus, fusior. || Coarse, rasticus, vastus. || Free, loose, liber, liceus; procax, impudicus.

BROADEN, dilatare; laxare, ampbficare, ampliare.

BROADLY, late. etc. To speak broadly, voces distrahere: literas dilatare.

BROGUE, pero. || Of speech, oris peregrinitas, os barbarum.

BROIL, contentio, jurgium, rixa, lites; turba, tumultus. SYN. in QUARREL.

BROIL, v., torrere, subassare: on the gridiron, in craticula torrere or subassare.

Broiled meat, cibus in craticula sabassatus. To broil on the coals, in pruna torrere. The sun broiled the bodies of the Gauls, sol ingenti ardore turrebat corpora Gallorum. I am broiling, torreor æstu, æstus me torret, sol me torret, æstuo, ardeo.

BROKER, pararius (Seneca), proxeneta, intercessor, interpres. A small broker (money-changer), numularius.

BROKERAGE, proxeneticon, interpretium.

BRONZE, æs. Of bronze, aeneus, æreus; ex ære factus or espressus. A bronze, simulacrum ex ære expressum, factum; signum aeneum.

BRONZE, v., aëneum colorem inducere alicui rei.

BROOCH, gemma, ornamentum gemmarum.

BROOD, v., incubare (with or without ovis or ova). To be wont to brood, incubitare (e.g., in cellis). To brood (i.e., hatch young), pullos ex ovis excindere, pullos excludere, excludere. A brooding, incubatio, incubitus; pullatio. To brood over (i.e., cover with the wings), fovere pennis. || Fig., night broods upon the sea, nox incubat ponto. He broods over his griefs, fovet suos dolores. The miser broods upon his locked-up store, avarus clausis thesauris incubat. To brood over (devise, concoct, etc.), in animo agitare; comminisci, moliri, machinari, coquere, concoquere.

BROOD, s., fetura, fetus, suboles, progenies; pulli, pullities. Doves have eight broods a year, columbæ octiea anno pullos educant.

BROOK, rivus. Little brook. rivulus.A rushing brook, torrens. Of a brook, rivalis.

Brook water, aqua rivalis.

BROOK, v., ferre; devorare (to swallow; e.g., dolorem, molestiam, lacrimas).To brook injustice patiently, injuriam æquo animo recipere. He brooked the wrong silently, tacitus tulit injuriam. To brook it ill, ægre ferre.

BROOM, genista, spartum. A broom-field, spartarium.

Butcher’s broom, ruscus.|| Besom, scopæ. Broom-stick, scoparum manubrium.

BROTH, jus coctis carnibus: sorbitio (anything that is sucked up).

Chicken broth, jus gallinaceum. Veal broth, jus agninum. Meat stewed in broth, cibus jurulentus.

BROTHEL, lupanar, lustrum, fornix, stabulum. To frequent brothels, lustrari, lupanaria frequentare: a visitor of such, lustro, scortator.

BROTHER, frater (also affectionately toward a brother-in-law, a confederate, etc.): full brother, i. e., of the same father and mother, or, at least, of the same father, frater germanus: of the same mother, frater uterinus, frater una matre natus.

Brother-in-law (husband’s brother), levir, mariti frater: (wife’s brother) uxoris frater: (sister’s husband) maritus sororis.

Brother’s wife, fratria, uxor fratris. Foster-brother, quem eadem nutrix aluit, collactaneus.

Children of brothers, fratres (sorores) patrueles.

Brother and sister, fratres. Twin brothers, (fratres) gemini.A little brother, fraterculus.A war between brothers, bellum fraternum. A brother-killer, fratricida (which is included in parricida).

BROTHERHOOD, fraternitas, necessitudo fraterna, germanitas (fraternal connection): sodalitas, sodalitium (companionship, etc.): sodalitas, collegium, corpus (fraternity, association): genus, natio (race, set).

BROTHERLY, fraternus. In a brotherly manner, fraterne.

BROW, || eye-brow, supercilium.|| Forehead, frons. The bending or knitting of the brows, superciliorum contractio.To knit or wrinkle the brow, frontem contrahere, adducere, attrahere: to clear it, frontem remittere, exporrigere, explicare. A lofty brow, frons alta. A low, small brow, frons brevis. A severe brow, frons severa, triste supercilium. A haughty brow, grande supercilium, supercilium.|| Countenance, face, vultus; os. || The brow of a mountain, supercilium montis, summum jugum montis.

BROW-BEAT, (torvo or minaci) vultu aliquem terrere, perturbare; aliquem impudenter or insolenter tractare; in aliquem insolentius se gerere; aliquem ludibrio habere.

Brow-beating, insolens, superbus: substantively, supercilium.

BROWN, fuscus (dark brown): subniger (blackish): pullus (dirty brown, inclining to black): badius, apadix (chestnut brown): cervinus (stag-brown): fulvus (brown-yellow).

BROWN, s., color fuscus,
etc.

BROWN, v., fuacare, infuscare.

Browned by the sun, adustioris coloris, solibus perustus. BROWNISH, subfuscus; subrufus.

BROWSE, depascere, tondere, attondere: INTR., pasci, tenera virgulta tondere, sepem depascere, frondes, carpere, etc.

BROWSE, s., tenera virgulta, frondes.

BRUISE, contundere, collidere. elidere, terere, conterere. To bruise in a mortar, tundere, pinsere, contundere. To bruise to dust, in pulverem redigere, in pulverem conterere. To give a man a bruising, aliquem pugnis (fustibus) contundere, concidere.

Bruised under a cruel yoke, crudeli dominatione oppressi. A bruised spirit, animus fractus, afflictus, dejectus.

BRUISE, s., contusio; coutusum; ictus.

BRUIT, v., (aliquid) in vulgus edere:famam alicujus rei divulgare: differre aliquid rumoribus. It is bruited abroad, rumor, fama, or sermo est: sermo datur (Livius).

BRUIT, s., rumor: fama: sermo, etc. [Vid. REPORT, s.] || Noise, VID.

BRUNETTE, virgo subfusca; mulier subfuscula.

BRUNT, impetus, incursio, incursus; coucursus, congressio [SYN. in ATTACK, s.]; vis. || Blow, ictus; figuratively, falmen, casus. To bear the brunt of the battle, maximum prœlii impetum sustinere.

BRUNT of battle, (primus) pugna; impetus.

BRUSH, s., penicillus or peniculus: for coating a wall, penicillus tectorius: for clothes, peniculus or penicillus. A brush of bristles, seta, *scopæ setis factæ.|| Assault, etc., impetus, incursus; pugna levis.

BRUSH, v., verrere, everrere; (penicillo) tergere, detergere, extergere. He brushed away a tear, lacrimam detersit.The south wind brushes the clouds away, notus deterget nubila cœlo.

Brush off the dew, rorem excutere. To brush up, pingere; ornare,exornare; reficere. || Sweep over, graze, verrere; stringere, præstringere, destringere. || To brush by, prætervolare.

BRUSH-WOOD, virgulta; sarmenta, cremium (Columella). A broom of brush-wood, scopæ virgeæ.

BRUTAL, by the genitive, beluarum or pecudum. || Cruel, etc., atrox, crudelis, ferus, inhumanus, immanis. A brutal fellow, homo inhumanissimus, monstrum hominis.

BRUTALITY, inhumanitas, immanitas, feritas, crudelitas.

BRUTALIZE, INTR., obbrutescere; efferari; humanitatem suam abjicere:TR., brutum, inhumanum reddere. To be wholly brutalized, omnem humanitatem exuisse, abjecisse; obduruisse.

BRUTE, adj., sensus expers, sensu carens, brutus. || Bestial. A brute animal, brutum animal. || Rough, fierce, etc., durus, incultus, ferus, atrox, inhumanus, immanis.

BRUTE, s., brutum animal, bestia, belua.SYN. in ANIMAL.

BRUTISH, generally beluarum or pecudum.This is brutish, hoc est beluarum.In a brutish manner, beluarum more, pecudum ritu.

Brutish lusts, beluinæ voluptates. || Savage, etc., ferus, immanis, inhumanus, durus, incultus, ruaticus.|| Lumpish, stolidus, fatuus, hebes, stupidus.

BUBBLE, s., bulla: a little one, bullula.|| FIG., res vana or inanis, res levissima, commentum, res ficta et commenticia, somnium.

BUBBLE, v., bullare, bullire. || Boil up, effervescere. || Of brooks, etc., leniter sonare, susurrare; micare, salire.|| Of a fountain, scaturire, emicare.A bubbling, bullitus; æstua: of a fountain, scatebra. A bubbling fountain, scaturigo.

BUCK, mas, masculus, added to the name of the animal. || Buck-goat, caper, hircus. || Male deer, cervus mas, mas dama. Buckskin, pellis cervina:buck-rabbit, cuniculus.

BUCKET, situlus, situla, hydria, urna; modiolus (on a wheel for drawing water):hama (for drawing and carrying, especially a fire-bucket). A little bucket, sitella, urnula. BUCKLE, fibula: of a shoe, fibula calcearia or calcei.

BUCKLE, v., fibula subnectere. || To buckle for the fight, se accingere ad pugnam.To buckle to a thing, dare se alicui rei, se applicare ad aliquid, incumbere in or ad aliquid. To buckle with one, manus conserere cum aliquo.

BUCKLER, scutum (large), clipeus (smaller), parma; pelta (small, and of the shape of a half moon). A little buckler, scutulum; parmula.

BUCKTHORN, rhamnus catharticus (Linnæus).

BUCKWHEAT, polygonum fagopyrum (Linnæus).

BUCOLIC, Vid. PASTORAL.

BUD, s., gemma, germen, oculus (of trees): calyx (of flowers; a little bud, calyculus).FIG., to nip in the bud, aliquid primo tempore opprimere et exstinguere.

BUD, v., || put forth buds, gemmas agere, gemmare; germinare; pullulare.To be ready to bud, get buds, gemmascere.

Budded, gemmatus. A budding, gemmatio or gemmatus; germinatio. || Bud out, provenire, exsistere. || Inoculate, arborem inoculare, arbori oculum inserere.|| Bloom, florescere, vigescere.

BUDGE, v., loco or ex loco semovere; loco cedere, cedere; fugam capere, fugere ab or ex aliquo loco.

BUDGE, adj., morosus, tristia, tetricus.austerus, severus.

BUDGET, saccus, sacculus, pera, balga: figuratively, copia.

BUFF, corium bubulum. pellis bubula.A buff coat, *lorica bubula. || Buff (in color), luteus.

BUFFALO, bos buffelus (Linnæus): bubalus is doubtful.

BUFFET, || in the face with the palm, alapa. || With the fist, colaphus.|| Side-board, abacus.

BUFFET, v., colaphos alicui impingere, alapas alicui ducere, aliquem pugnis contundere or cædere. I buffet the waves, alterna brachia ducens fluctibus obnitor.

BUFFOON, maccus (harlequin): sannio, coprea; verna; scurra (jester of a higher sort, as at the tables of the great).To play the buffoon, scurrari, scurram. BUFFOONERY, scurrilitas (Dial. de Or.), dicacitas scurrilis, vernilitas, jocorum lascivia.

BUG, cimex. || Beetle, scarabæus.

BUGBEAR, formido.FIG., to be a mere bugbear, specie non re terribilem esse.

BUGGY, cimicum plenus.

BUGLE-HORN, cornu venatorium:cornu.

BUILD, ædificare (houses, ships, towns, etc.): strucre, construere, exstruere, moliri: condero (to found): excitare, educere (carry up, erect): architectari (by rules of art): facere. To build before, præstruere. To build to, astruere, adjungere aliquid alicui rei: around, circum struere. To build up a place (cover it with buildings), locum coædificare, ædificare, inæditicare. To build on the sand, alicujus rei fundamenta tamquam in aqua ponere (Cicero, De Finibus, 2, 22, 72): to build a row or rows of houses, domos continuare: to build with freestone, saxo quadrato construere: on another man’s ground, ædificium in alieno exstruere. A wellbuilt man, perhaps homo forma honesta et liberali.

Bees build their cells, apes fingunt favos. κυρικιμασαηικοTo build castles in the air, somnia sibi fingere (vid. Lucretius, 1, 104):to build anybody out, alicujus luminibus obstruere or officere (i.e., place an obstacle before his windows): to build a bridge over a river, pontem in fluvio (or flumine) facere, in flumine efficere; amnem ponte jungere; pontem flumini imponere or injicere: over a marsh, paludem pontibus consternere: to build ships, naves sedificare.INTR., ædificare, domum or domos ædificare: (generally) to construct, construere, fingere, fabricare, facere.|| To build upon (figuratively), fidere, confidere alicui; confidere, nitor aliqua re.

BUILDER, ædificator; conditor; aichitectus. FIG., ædificator, fabricator, conditor, auctor.

BUILDING,(the act), ædificatio, exædificatio, exstructio: the structure, æditicatio, æditicium, opus.Little building, ædificatiuncula (Cicero).Building material, materia (wood for building):tigna (beams, etc.):saxa (stones, etc.).A passion for building, *immodicum ædificandi studium.

BULB,bulbus.

BULBOUS,bulbosua. Bulbous roots, *plantæ tuberosæ.

BULGE,rimas agere, aquas haurire; eidere (sink).|| To bulge out, procurrere, prominere.

BULK,amplitudo, magnitudo; moles (mass).To sell by the bulk (i.e., without exact calculation or measurement), per aversionem or aversione vendere (Juris).|| Compass, ambitus, spatium.The bulk of a ship, navis capacitas.|| Main part, pars maxima, major numerus; multitudo.|| Projection, procursus, crepido:projectura (Vitruvius):projectum (Pandectae).

BULKY,magnus, ingens.|| Corpuslent, crassus, pinguis.|| Heavy, gravis.|| Solid, solidus, deneus.

BULL,taurus; dux gregis.Of a bull, taureus, taurinus.A story of a cock and a bull, nutricularum fabula; perhaps *narratiuncula, cui nec caput nec pedes (after Cicero, Dir., vii, 31, res, ita contractas, ut nec caput, nec pedes: = ita turbatas, ut nescias ubi incipias, ubi finias).|| To make a bull, perhaps *pngnantia loquendo risum audientibus movere.|| The bull in the zodiac Taurus.|| The bull of the pope, *literæ eigno pontificis Romani impressæ.

BULL-DOG,*canis Molossus (Linnæus).

BULL’S-EYE.To hit the bull’s-eye, medium ferire.

BULLOCK,juvencus.

BULLET,glans plumbea, glans.

BULLION,aurum or argentum rode, infectum.

BULLY, s„homo pugnax:lingua fortis (if a cowardly bully, mostly Thraso in the old commentators):homo rixosus or rixæ cupidus: homo jurgiosus (Gellius, quarrelsome fellow):rixator (Quintilianus).

BULLY, v.,|| overdear with menaces, etc., minis ac terrore commovere:obstrepere alicui, obtundere aliquem or aures alicui (by talking).Pomponius was bullied into swearing, etc., juravit hoc terrore coactus Pomponius.|| To treat with savage cruelty, perhaps aspere tractare, injuriosius (Plautus) tractare, sævire in aliquem solere.

BULRUSH,juncus, scirpus.

BULWARK,propugnaculum, plural munimenta, opera; castellum. FIG., propugnaculum, præsidium, defensor, etc.

BUM-BULIFF, *apparitor or viator magistratuum.

BUMP,tumor (general term for swelling; oculorum, crurum):tuber (protuberating excrescence; hunch, boil, properly a truffle).A little bump, tuberculum.

BUMP, v.,TR.,aliquid offendere ad aliquid (accidentally):aliquid illidere or impingere alicui rei (purposely).To bump my head against the door, caput ad fores offendere.To bump his head severely against the wall, caput parieti ingenti impetu impingere.INTR., offendere aliquid, illidi or impingi alicui rei.

BUMPER,calix plenus.

BUMPKIN,homo rusticus.

BUNCH,tumor, tuber; struma (serofulous bunch, especially on the neck):hunch, gibba, gibber.A little bunch, tuberculum.|| Cluster, racemi:of grapes, uva: of ivy-berries, corymbus.|| Bundle, fascis, fasciculus, manipulus:of pens. fascis calamorum.

BUNCH out, v.,eminere, prominere, exstere: tumere, extumere.

BUNDLE,fascis, fasciculus (as bound togeher, to be the more easily carried: e.g., of wood, straw. lignorum, stramentorum): manipulus. fasciculus manualis (not too big to be carried by hand):sarcina, sarcinula (as burden).Bundle of rods, fascis virgarum. Bundle of letters, fasciculus epistolarum.To carry a bundle of books under his arm, fasciculum librorum sub ala portare.In bundles, fasciatim or fasceatim; manipulatim.|| As a burden, sarcina, sarcinula.

BUNDLE up, v., colligere, componere, in fasciculos colligare, sarcinulas alligare.

BUNG, obturamentum: of cork, cortex.To take out a bung, excutere obturamentum.

Bung-hole, os (dolii): orificium (late).

BUNG up, v., os dolii obturare.

BUNGLE, v. a., inscienter, imperite, infabre facere or conficere; corrumpere; depravare: anything, opus inscienter fecere or conficere. To bungle a song, disperdere carmen. || Bungling, insciens, imperitus; malus. A bungling business, opus inscienter factum.

BUNGLER, homo imperitus; homo in arte sua non satis versatus:*imperitus artifex (of an artist).

BUNGLINGLY, inscite, imperite, infabre, minus commode, crasse, male.

BUN, panis dulcior, placenta, crustulum.

BUOY,index alicujus rei ad imum maris positæ or sitæ.

BUOY up, v., sostinere, sustentare, fulcire.

BUOYANCY, levitas; hilaritas, alacritas, vigor.

BUOYANT, quod ab aqua sustineri potest or sustinetar; levis. FIG., vegetus, hilaris, alacer.

BUR, lappa.

BUREAU, armarium.

BURDEN, s., onus (general term), sarcina (what a man carries or may carry).To bear a burden, onus ferre, sustinere. To take a burden upon one’s self, onus recipere, suscipere: to lay it down, onus deponere. To be a burden to one, alicui oneri esse, molestum or gravem esse alicui. I will bear the burden of this odium, molem hujus invidiæ sustinebo.A ship of burden, navis oneraria.

Beast of burden, jumentum onerarium, jumentum; jumentum sarcinarium (e.g., pack-horse).|| A ship of 300 tons burden, navis trecentarum amphorarum.FIG., load, pressure, etc., onus, molestia, incommodum, cura. || Taxes, onera, munera. || The burden of the song, versus intercalaris (Servius, Vergilius, Ecl., 8, 21): FIG., this is ever the burden of his song, eandem canit cantilenam (Terentius).

BURDEN, v., onerare, gravare; oneri esse alicui gravem or molestum esse alicui; molestiam alicui afferre, molestia aliquem afficere. The body greatly burdens the mind, corpus prægravat animum.

Burdened, oneratus; gravatus; gravis:onustus. To burden one with asking obtundere aliquem rogitando.

BURDENSOME, gravis, molestus; incommodus, iniquus; operosus, laboriosas.To be burdensome [vid. BURDEN, v.]:to be more and more burdensome, ingravescere. BURGESS, civis, municeps; senator, patronus.

BURGLAR, perfossor (parietum) Plautus.: perfossor only (Appuleius): effractarius (Seneca, Ep., 68): effractor (Paullus, Ulpianus, etc.).

BURGLARY, effractura (Paullus, Dig.):or circumlocution with domum perfringere; parietes perfodere (to commit burglary). BURIAL, sepultura, humatio: funus, exseqniæ. Burial-ground, sepulcretum, cœmeterium. To refuse anybody a burial, aliquem sepultura prohibere, Vid. FUNERAL.

BURLESQUE, jocosus, jocularis, ridiculus; ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorsus.

BURLESQUE, v., ridiculum reddere, in jocum or risum vertere: ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorquere (to parody).

BURLY, magni corporis, grandis, magnitudine insignis, vastus, ingens; robustus.

BURN, TR., absumere or consumere igni flammis, incendio; urere; incendere.indammare (to set in flames): combnrere; igni necare (of a living person):amburere (burn round, half burn): cremare, concremare (especially of the dead):adurere (to burn here and there , as bread, meat): inurere (to burn in, brand). To burn anybody alive, aliquem vivum com burere. || To hurt by burning (the hand, for instance), urere, adurere. || To bite, sting, urere, pungere, mordere.|| Parch, urere, torrere. || Use for light, etc., urere, in lumen urere or uti.|| Of lime, bricks, etc., coquere. INTR.,deflagrare, conflagrare (flammis, incendio); flammis, incendio absumi consumi; ardere, flagrare; uri aduri, comburi, exuri; cremari, concremari. He burned his father’s house, domum paternam (lares patrios) incendio absumsit. The temple of Diana was burned on that night, ed nocte templum Dianæ deflagravit. To burn incense, tura adolere. To burn to ashes, in cineres redigere: to coals, in carbones redigere. To burn ail (lay waste with fire), omnia igni vastare. Sun-burned, sole adustus. To burn one’s self, uri, amburi. Half-burned, semiustus, semiustulatus; ambustus; semicrematus. || To glow like fire, ardere, flagrare. || To be hot to the touch, ardere, dagrare, candere. || To be inflammable, ignem concipere posse.|| To be heated with desire or passion, ardere, incensum esse (e.g., cnpiditate, amore); flagrare, conflagrare, æstuare (e.g., invidia flagrare or æstuare; invidiæ incendio conflagrare). I burn to see you, incensus sum cupiditate te videndi.

BURN, s., ambustio, ustio. Green coriander heals burns, coriandrum viride sanat ambusta.

BURNET, pimpinella (Linnæus).

BURNING, s. (active), ustio, exustio; crematio; adustio: (passive) conflagratio, deflagratio; incendium, ignis, flammæ; ardor.

BURNING, adj., || Hot, glowing, candens. || Ardent, passionate, ardens, flagrans: love, amoris incendium.|| Biting, galling, urens, pungens, mordens.

BURNING-GLASS, *vitrum causticum.

BURNISH, polire, expolire, levigare.

BURROW, cuniculorum cubile.

BURROW, sub terra cuniculos facere (cunicoli [mines] dicti ab eo [i. e., cuniculus, a rabbit], quod sub terra cuniculos ipsi faciant, ubi lateant in agris, Var., 3, 12). Poetical expressions are, cubilia fodere: (effossis latebris) sub terra larem fovere: sub terris ponere domos (all Vergilius). Animals that burrow, subterranea animalia. BURST, s., eruptio. || Of thunder, fragor: also by circumlocution with the verb.

BURST,TR., rumpere, dirumpere; displodere (e.g., vesicam); effringere (e.g., claustra, fores). To burst through a thing, perrumpere per aliquid. INTR., rumpi, dirumpi; dissilire (fly into pieces): dehiscere, discedere (burst open, of the earth):displodi crepare (to burst with a noise, explode). I burst (with anger or vexation), rumpor, dirumpor, findor. I burst with laughing, risu dirumpor, risu emorior.The thunder bursts, fit fragor. A cloud burst by lightning, nubes fulmine elisa.|| To burst out or forth, erumpere; exardescere:erumpere must be used with care: vox, sermo, risus, furor erumpit, bursts out; against anybody, in aliquem:also transitively, erumpere gaudium. to burst forth with expressions of joy (Terentius):erumpere diu coercitam iram, to let one’s long-suppressed anger burst forth (Cicero); but not erumpere in vocem, in risum, in furorem, in stomachum. To burst into a fit of laughing, tollere risum, cachinnum; cachinnare (not cachinnari); in cachinnos or risus effundi. A war suddenly bursts out, bellum exoritur, exardescit: belli flamma exardescit. (His) wrath, hatred, bursts out, ira, odium exardescit. Tears burst forth, lacrimæ oboriuntur; prorumpunt (better avoid erumpunt): to burst open a door, januam effringere: a prison, vincula carceris rumpere. The sun bursts forth, sol nubes perrumpit ac dividit (Cicero); sol inter nubes effulget: to burst out of the camp, ex castris erumpere: to burst through the enemy, erumpere per hostes (Livius). Tears burst forth, lacrimæ erumpunt, prosiliunt: to burst into tears, in lacrimas effundi. To burst from one’s arms, e complexu alicujus se eripere.

BURTHEN,Vid. BUNDEN.

BURY,sepelire (general term), humare (both, but especially sepelire, like Θάπτειν, of any mode of disposing of a corpse:quod nunc communiter in omnibus sepultis ponitur, ut humati dicantur, id erat proprium tum in iis, quos humus injecta contegeret, Cicero, Legg., 2, 22, 56):humo tegere: terra, humo contegere (bury): in sepulcro condere or condere only (poetical and post-Augustan tumulare, contumulare):corpus alicujus tumulo inferre (Terentius):funere efferre with or without foras (to carry out for burial) infodere (shuffle into the ground).To bury one alive, vivum aliquem defodere:to be buried alive, vivum terra obrui.To bury with military honors, militari honesto funere aliquem humare.|| To put in the ground, infodere (in terram), defodere (in terram), obruere (terra).|| To overwhelm, obruere, opprimere:to bury in oblivion, oblivione obruere:to be buried in oblivion, æterna oblivione obrutum esse:to be buried in the ruins, ruina alicujus rei (domus, etc.) opprimi:in the waves, undis obrui, hauriri.|| To hide, etc., sepelire; ponere (dismiss; e.g., amorem):obruere.Bury in
oblivion, oblivione obniere.To bury one’s self in one’s country seat, rua se abdere.More under FUNERAL.

BUSH,frutex.|| Of thorns, dumus, vepres, sentis. [Syn. in BRAMBLE, BRIER].To go about the bush, aliquid vitabundum circumire (in Tacitus, alicujus nomen):ambages agere.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, spem pretio non emo.Good wine needs no bush, laudat venales, qui vult extrudere, merces (Horatius).Proba merx facile emtorem reperit [tametsi in abstruse sita est (Plautus, Pœn., 1, 2, 128)]:bonum vinum pittacium or titulum nullum desiderat; res ipsa loquitur.

Bushes, bush-wood, virgulta, fruteta.

BUSH, v.,spatiose fruticare. BUSHY,|| thick, fruticosus, frutectosus. || Of hair, horridus, hirsutus.|| Covered with bushes, virgultis obsitus, frutectosus, fruticosus; dumosus.A bushy place, fruticetum; vepretum, etc.

BUSINESS,Vid. BUSY.

BUSKIN,calceamentum, quod pedes suris tenus tegit.|| Tragic buskin, cothurnus (also hunter’s buskin).

BUSKINED,cothurnatus.

BUSS,Vid. KISS.

BUST,herma; clipeus (in painting or relief on a shield-like surface).

BUSTARD,tarda; otis tarda (Linnæus).

BUSTLE, s.,|| hurry, festinatio:nimia or præpropera festinatio:trepidatio (anxious bustle).In a bustle, præpropere (Livius):nimis festinanter: raptim:(as adj.) præproperus, nimis festinans.To be in too great a bustle, in festinationibus nimias suscipere festinationes.To be in a bustle, festinare.|| Tumult, confusion, VID.

BUSTLE, v.,festinare: in festinationibus nrmias suscipere celeritates:festinantius agere.A bustling life, vita actuosa (Seneca). Vid. under BUSY.

BUSY,|| occupied, engaged, occupatus.Not busy, vacuus, otiosus.I am not busy, mihi vacat.To be busy with a thing, occupatum esse in aliqua re, intentum esse alicui rei.Busy with many things, distentus or obrutus plurimis occupationibus; negotiorum plenus.My thoughts are busy with him, sum cogito.|| Active, stirring, sedulus, navus, industrius, laboriosus, strenuus, acer, impiger.A busy life, vita negotiosa, actuosa (actuosua used by Cicero only as epithet to virtus, and of the part of an oration which ought to be the most animated, etc. Seneca uses vita actuosa; animus actuosus and agilis. Cicero would have said for the first, operosa, semper agens aliquid et moliens; for the second, qui viget, omnia movet, et motu præditus est sempiterno: activus is a post-classical, philosophical, and grammatical technical term, Krebs).|| Meddling, importunus, molestus; qui aliena negotia curat.|| Anxious, sollicitus, auxius. BUSY, v., occupare, occupatum tenere, detinere. To busy one manifoldly, distinere, distringere (draw the mind this way and that, so that one can not bend his thoughts to the thing in hand). To busy one’s self with a thing, occupari aliqua re, versari in re or circa aliquid, se ponere in re; tractare, agere aliquid; dare se alicui rei:with all earnestness, urgere aliquid. To be busied with a thing [vid. BUSY, above]. A busying one’s self with the poets, pertractatio poetarum. To have the thoughts busied with a person, aliquem cogitare: with something else, alias res agere.

BUSILY, sedulo, naviter, strenue, acriter; sollicite; importune, moleste (in a troublesome manner).

BUSINESS, occupatio (engagement):opus (the work): negotium; mercatura, mercatio (traffic): res (affair, concern):officium (one’s bounden business): munus (office, post): studium (eager application to something): cura (care for something):ministerium (service): it is the business (i.e., part) of one, est alicujus. For business’ sake, negotii gratia. Full of business, negotiosus, negotiorum plenus, negotiis implicatus: to be so, occupatissimum esse, multis negotiis (occupationibus) implicatum (distentum) esse. To do business, rem gerere (generally): negotiari (as a lender of money and buyer-up of corn): mercaturam facere (as a large merchant). To divide the business between them (of two consuls, legates. etc.), officia inter se partiri. To make a business of something, factitare, exercere aliquid.To do a good, bad business, bene, male rem gerere. To do a good deal of business, to have a good business (of a merchant), mercaturam facere non ignobilem.To be connected in business with anybody, ratione cum aliquo conjunctum esse.I have a business to settle with you, mihi est res tecum. What business have you here? quid tibi hic negotii est? Hoto is it with the business? quo loco res est?ut res se habet? ‘Tis my, your business, meum, tuum est. This is not my business, hoc non meum est, hæ non meæ sunt partes.To mind his own business, suum negotium gerere; res suas curare: others’ business, aliena negotia curare. To make anything one’s (principal) business, aliquid sibi studio habere (Terentius); omne studium conferre ad aliquid; omni cogitatione et cura incumbere in aliquid; onmi contentione elaborare, summa ope niti, or eniti et contendere (these three with ut). To find one business (figuratively), negotium alicui facessere; aliquem exercere. To the business in hand! ad rem ! (to a speaker who is keeping off from the real point at issue). This is the true business of our lives, ad hoc præcipue nati sumus. I make it the business of my life to do good to others, id unum ago, ut quam plurimis bene faciain. This is the business of a life, hoc vitam omnem desiderat. He is the man to do your business, hunc ipsum requirebas. A man of business, homo ad res gerendas natus; negotiis tractandis idoneus.

BUSY-BODY, homo importunus, molestus; ardelio, homo occupatus in otio, gratis anhelans [vid. Phædrus, B. ii., 5].

BUT, at: sed: verum or vero: autem (at has an adversative, sed a corrective or limiting force: verum or vero affirms the truth or importance of an assertion: autem carries on a train of thought already begun; it is the weakest adversative particle.)It is to be observed that autem and vero stand after one or more words, the rest at the beginning of the sentence.|| BUT, ON THE OTHER HAND, at (especially before personal names and pronouns):

BUT, AT LEAST; BUT, AT ALL EVENTS, at, at certe or tamen. || BUT in objections anticipated (= but it may be said, or urged), at, at enim, at vero. || “TRUE BUT” (in concessions), at: at enim (the concession being followed by another consideration that must not be lost sight of).|| BUT FORSOOTH (in anticipating objections), at vero, at enim. || BUT (in the minor premises of a syllogism), atqui:autem.|| BUT BEHOLD or LO! ecce autem!|| NAY, BUT; NAY, BUT ASSUREDLY, enimvero, verum enimvero.|| BUT (when a subject is to be ended or suspended), sed, sometimes verum: bta enough for today, sed — in hunc diem hætenus.|| I DON’T SAY … BUT, non modo — sed; non dicam or non dico — sed; ne dicam or nedum [Pract. Intr., ii., 506-508].|| NOT ONLY NOT — BUT EVEN NOT, non modo — sed ne — quidem (when a verb, common to both clauses, is expressed in the second):non modo non — sed ne — quidem.Such a man will not dare, not only to do, but even to think anything that is not honorable, talis vir non modo facere, sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit, quod non honestum sit.|| NOT THAT — BUT (rejecting one reason and affirming another), non quod — sed; non eo quod — sed; non quo — sed (the last bang not only permissible, but of more frequent occurrence than the other forms).|| NOT THAT — NOT — BUT, non quin — sed; non quo non — sed [Pract. Intr., ii., 811].|| BUT YET, BUT HOWEVER, at, attamen, verum tamen.|| BUT IF, sin, sin autem, si vero: BUT IF NOT, si non, si minus, si aliter. || NOT ONLY — BUT ALSO, non modo — sed etiam or vemm etiam; non solum — sed etiam [vid. Pract. Intr., ii., 504, 505], sometimes sed et (even in Cicero):non tantum — sed etiam. In non tantum — sed or vero etiam, there is never a descent from the greater to the less; and this form can not be used when neither the subject nor the predicate is common to both sentences.BUT, ON THE CONTRARY, at coutra, at enim vero. BUT RATHER, imo, imo vero, imo enimvero.|| To be praised with a but, cum exceptione laudari.Without an if or but, sine ulla mora, haud cunctanter, libentissime.

BUT is sometimes not expressed in Latin; e.g., this is thy office, but not mine, hoc tuum est, non meum. BUT, in the sense of EXCEPT, præter; præterquam; excepto (-a, -is); nisi. I saw nobody but him, præter illum vidi neminem. No one is wise but the good man, nemo sapiens est, nisi bonus. Nothing but, nihil aliud, nisi (that and nothing else): nihil aliud quam (i.e., equivalent to that). This happens to none but a wise man, soli hoc contingit sapienti. I saw no one but you, te unum vidi. Nothing could bring them into one united people but law, coalescere in populi unius corpus, nulla, re præterquam legibus, poterant.The last but one, proximus a postremo.There is nobody here but I, solus hic sum. What but ? quid aliud nisi or quam? All but, tantum quod.

BUT, in the sense of UNLY, modo: tantum: solum (tantum properly confines what was said to a certain magnitude; modo to a certain measure or degree; solum to the thing itself, to the exclusion of others): tantummodo, nonnisi, solus, unua. I saw but you, te unum vidi. I did but hear these things, not see them, hæc audivi tantum, non vidi. I will speak, do you but hear, loquar, modo audi. If but, dummodo; dum (with subjunctive). Do but let him, sine modo. Do but stay, mano modo.

But too often, sæpius justo; nimi um sæpe. There were but two ways (two in all), erant omnino itinera duo. You have but the name of virtue in your mouth, nomen tantum virtutis usurpas. He came but to-day, hodie primum venit.

But a while ago, non ita pridem, nuper admodum.He is but twenty years old. non amplius viginti annos natus est. It wanted but little, that. etc., tantum non, etc.; non multum abfuit,
quin, etc.

BUT THAT (except that, if not), ni, nisi; quod nisi.

But that I fear my father, ni metuam patrem. And but that he was ashamed to confess, et nisi erubesceret fateri.|| After a negative, quin, qui non:ill this use we often drop that. Vid. Quin is hardly ever used where, if the relative and non were used, cujus non or cui non would stand: it sometimes stands for quo non after an expression of time. The sentence after quin must not contain another relative. No day almost, hut (that) he comes to my house, dies fere nullus est, quin domum meam veniat, or quo domum meam non veuiat. There is none but is afraid of you, nemo est, qui te non metuat.There is none but may complain, nemo est, quin conqueri possit. There is no doubt but (that), etc. non est dubium, quin (with subjunctive). I have no fear but I shall write you letters enough, non vereor, ne non scribendo te expleam.None but (i.e., those who did not), nemo quin, nemo qui non. None but knows, nemo est, qui nesciat. || Not but that, non quin, non quia non. with a subjunctive, followed in the subsequent clause by sed quod or sed quia with the indicative, or by sed ut with the subjunctive. BUT, after can not. I can not but, etc. facere non possum quin (subjunctive), or non possum non (with infinitive):non possum quin is præ-classical. It can not be, but, etc., fieri non potest, nt non or quin, etc.

BUT FOR (i.e., were it not for, had it not been for) some person or thing, nisi or ni aliquis or aliqiud esset, fuisset; (absque aliquo or aliqua re esset is used by comic writers). The bridge would have afforded a way to the enemy, but for one man, Horatius Cocles, pons iter hostibus dedit, ni unus vir fuisset, H. C. (only in comedy should we find absque uno viro, Horatio Coclite, esset.). I would, but for hurting him, vellem, ni foret ei damnum. BUTCHER, lanius, seldom lanio: macellarius (meat-seller). || At a sacrifice, popa (who struck the beast): cultrarius (who cut his throat). FIG., homo sanguinarius.

BUTCHER, v., properly, cædere, jugulare; mactare (at a sacrifice). FIG., trucidare, concidere; obtruncare.

BUTCHERLY, sanguinarius, sangninem sitiens. sævus, ferus.

BUTCHER’S-BROOM, ruscus.

BUTCHERY, FIG., cædes; trucidatio.|| Where beasts are butchered, lainena.

BUT-END, || of a gun, manubrium.

BUTLER, cellarius, promus, condns promus; minister or ministrator (vini).

BUTT, Scopus; goal: to aim at a butt, destinatum petere (Livius): to hit a butt, *scopum ferire or ferire only (Horatius).|| Point at which the endeavor is directed, propositum: is qui mihi est (fuit, etc,. propositus exitus: finis.Vid. Not scopus in this meaning. || To make a butt of one, aliquem ludibrio habere; putare sibi aliqnem pro ridiculo et delectamento. To be one’s butt, ludibrio ease alicui. || Blow, ictus.

BUTT, v., cornu ferire, cornu petere.|| Of a ram, arietare in aliquem.

Butting, qui cornu petit, petulcus.

BUTT, || cask, dolium, labrum.

BUTTER, butymm. To make butter, butyrum facere.

Bread and butter, panis butyro illitus.

BUTTER, v., butyro illinere aliquid.

BUTTERFLY, papilio. FIG, a mere butterfly in love, desultor amoris.

BUTTERY, cella promtuaria, promtuarium; cella penaria (where provisions are laid up).

BUTTOCKS, nates, clunes (of men or animals): lumbi (loins).

BUTTON, orbiculus (flat), globulus (globular).

Button-hole, fissura.

BUTTON, v.,*globulis jungere.

BUTTRESS, anteris, idis, f., erisma, n. (άντηρις, ιόος; ἔρεισμα, ατος).

BUXOM, obsequens, obsequiosus, obediens.|| Gay, brisk, hilaris, alacer, lætus.|| Wanton, jolly, lascivus, protervus. etc. Vid. WANTON.

BUY, emere (general term): mercari (to buy as a formal transaction, mostly as the mercantile conclusion, of a bargain):redimere (things not properly articles of trade, but which the buyer might claim as his due, or ought to receive gratuitously; as peace, justice, love. etc., Döderlein): emercari (properly and figuratively): nundinari (also to buy by a bribe). To buy at auction, emere in auctione: (of public revenues) redimere. To buy a bargain, bene or recte emere. To have a mind to buy, emturire. Fond of buying, emax:a love of buying, emacitas. A buying. emtio. To buy and sell, mercari, mercaturam facere, nundinari. To buy up (buy together), coemere: (that others may not get it) præmercari. To buy up corn (in order to make it dear) comprimere frumentum. To buy off (bribe), corrumpere: (clear by a bribe) pecunia a supplicio liberare. To la himself be bought, pecuniam accipere.

BUYER, emtor, emens; manceps; propola (who buys to sell again). A buyer up or together, qui aliquid coemit. A buyer up of corn (to make it dearer), qui frumentum comprimit; dardanarius (Pandectae).

Buyer and seller, emens et rendens.

BUZZ, susurrare; bombum facere (of bees): murmurare.

BUZZ, s., susurrus; bombus; murmur.

BY, of place (near, hard by), ad, apud, juxta, prope, propter, sub; sub manum, ad manum, præ manibus. The islands which are near by Sicily, insulæ quæ sunt propter Siciliam. To seat one’s self by a person or thing, propter aliquem or aliquid considere. To have gardens by the Tiber, ad Tiberim habere hortos. A cave is by, propter est spelunca quædam. Also by verbs; e.g., to stand, sit by one, alicui astare, assidere: to go by one’s side, lateri alicujus adhærere; latus alicujus tegere.|| Present. To be by, adesse, coram adesse.When I am by, not by, me præsente, coram me; me absente. || Along, secundum; præter. To keep by the land (in sailing), oram, terram legere. || Past, præter. To go by, præterire (a place, locum). || By sea and land, terra marique.They came by sea, navibus advecti sunt: by land, pedibus huc iter fecerunt.|| By the way, in via, in itinere; per viam;in transitu, transiens, præteriens (also figurativeiy): quasi præteriens (figuratively): obiter (figuratively). To touch by the way, in transitu or leviter aliqnid attingere.|| By the way of, per (through), or with the ablative of the name of a town; e.g., he went by Laodicea, Laodicea iter fecit.

BY, of time, in the sense of at.

By night, noctu, nocte.

By day, die, interdiu. So, by moonlight, lucente luna. ad lunam. || As soon as, not later than; intra; ante.

By the year’s end, intra annum.

By this time, jam.

By the time Rome had been built three hundred years, trecentis annis post urbem conditam exactis.

By that time I shall have arrived, jam adero. He was there by daybreak, cum diluculo advenit.

By the time he ended his speech, oratione vixdum finita.

BY, implying succession, is often made by an adverb in -tim; also by quot.Year by year, month by month, day by day, quot annis, quot mensibus, quot diebus; or omnibus annis, etc. Man by man, viritim. Town by town, village by village, oppidatim, vicatim. Step by step, gradatim.

By little and little, paullatim. To fall at their feet one by one, ad omnium pedes sigillatim accidere.

By the pound, ad libram. To pay one by the hour, certam mercedem in singulas horas dare alicui.

By ones, twos, etc., singuli, bini, etc.

BY one’s self (i. e., unassisted), per se; per se ipse; per se solus. || Alone, solus.|| Apart, seorsum, separatim.

By itself (in and for itself), per se: viewing the thing by itself, si rem ipsam spectas.

BY, (denoting a means), by means of, per (especially of persons): also by the ablative of the thing or of the gerund: sometimes the participle utens or usus with the ablative; also e, ex. To ask a thing of some one by letter, aliquid ab aliquo per literas petere. To avenge one’s wrongs by means of another, injurias suas per alterum ulcisci. To nourish virtue by action, virtutem agendo alere. To know a man by his voice, aliquem ex voce agnoscere.|| Denoting a cause or its effect, per; a, ab (especially with passive and neuter verbs): propter; (alicujus) opera; (alicujus or alicujus rei) beneficio. To be killed by anybody, ab aliquo occidi. To perish by disease, perire a morbo. The world was created by God, mnndus a Deo creatus est. The slaves, by whom you live, servi propter quos vivis. The common people were stirred yp by them, eorum opera plebs concitata est. || By reason of, per, propter, ob.

By reason that, propterea quod, propterea quia: also by the ablative of the thing; e.g., this happened by your fault, vestra culpa hoc accidit.|| To this may be referred BY, denoting the thing or part taken hold of, which is expressed by the ablative. To drag by the feet, pedibus trahere.

BY, i.e., according to, secundum; e, ex, de; ad.

By the course of the moon, ad cursum lunæ.

By a model, pattern, ad effigiem, ad exemplum. To judge a thing by the truth, ex veritate aliquid æstimare.It is built by the authority of the senate, ædificatur ex auctoritate senatus.

BY, in adjuration or in supplication, per.

BY, denoting excess or defect, is expressed by the ablative. Shorter by one syllable, una syllaba brevior. Higher by ten feet, decem pedibus altior.

By much, multo. By far, longe.

BY, in some phrases.

By stealth, furtim.

By turns, in vicem, per vices, alternis.

By chance, forte, casu.

By heart, memoriter.

By-and-by, jam, mox, brevi.

By-the-by, sed quod mihi in mentem venit: audi ! dic, quæso.

BY-DESIGN, consilium alterum. He had this by-end, that. etc., simul id sequebatur, ut, etc.

BY-LAW, præscriptum minoris momenti.

BY-STANDER, spectator.

BY-WAY, trames. semita, callis; deverticulum (that turns off from a greater, also figuratively).

BY-WORD, proverbium; verbum. To become a by-word, in proverbium venire or cedere; proverbiis eludi (be ridiculed in proverbs). Vid. PROVERB.

C.

CABAL, s., || an intriguing body, doli or fallaciarum machinatores [vid. CABALLER]: or by circumlocution, qui consilia clandestina (in aliquem) concoquunt.|| Political intrigue, ars, artificium (artifice): fallacia (deceit, intrigue): better in plural, artes (malæ): fallaciæ (cabals, intrigues): consilia clan destina (hidden designs): calumniæ (malicious slander, false accusation).

CABAL, v., fallacias facere, fingere, consilia clandestina concoquere; dare operam consiliis clandestinis, with ut (to endeavor to effect by cabals): likewise calumnias facere; molta machinari: to cabal against anybody, fallaciam in aliquem intendere; consiliis clandestinis oppugnare aliquem; alicui dolum nectere. Vid. CABAL.

CABALA, cabbala; arcana Hebrærum doctrina.

CABLIST, cabbalista.

CABALISTIC, cabbalisticus: ADV., cabbalistice.

CABALLER, doli or fallaciarum machinator (vid. Tacitus, Ann., 1, 10, 2).

CABBAGE, brassica (the proper word):olus (any kitchen-herb, of which brassica is a species; vid. Cato, R. R., 176, in.:brassica est, quæ omnibus oleribus antistat); caulis (properly, the stalk; poetically, the cabbage itself): crambe (according to Plin., 20, 9, 33, a sort of cabbage with thin and compact leaves, known to the Greeks, in Latin only proverbially; e.g., crambe repetita. cabbage warmed up again, anything stale by repetition):head of cabbage, caput brassicæ: cabbage leaf, brassicæ folium: cabbage plant, planta brassicæ.

CABBAGE, v., subducere furto: surripere. Vid. TO FILCH.

CABIN, || in a skip diæta (Petronius, 115, 1). || Hut, casula: tuguriolum.|| Small room, cellula.

CABINET, || a private room, conclave: cubiculum minus (a small room adjoining a large one): zotheca (a small room belonging to the principal one, for reposing, studying): cubiculum secrctius (a private room: e.g., of a prince): sanctuarium or consistorium principis (cabinet of a prince, Plinius, 23. 8, 77; Ammian., 25, 10). || METON. for government [vid. ADMINISTRATION, and “cabinet minister,” below]: to hold a cabinet council, secreta consilia agitare: to peep into the cabinet, principum secreta rimari (Tacitus, Ann., 6, 33): equally great in the field and in the cabinet, rei militaris peritus, neque minus civitatis regundæ; fortis ac strenuus, pace belloque bonus: a cabinet minister, comes consistorianus (in the time of the emperors): or by circumlocution, princeps amicorum regis, quocum secreta consilia agitare solet (Livius, 35, 15); amicus regis omnium consiliorum particeps;amicus regis, qui in consilio semper adest et omnium rerum habetur particeps (after Nepos., Eum., 1, 5, and 6): cabinet counselor, qui principi est a consiliis interioribus (after Nepos., Hann., 2, 2); consilia interiora or domestica (the assembly): cabinet secretary, quern princeps ad manum habet scribæ loco (vid. Nepos., Eum., 1, 5):also scriba principis: cabinet seal, signum principis (after Suetonius, Oct., 94, p. med.).|| A repository for valuables or cariosities, thesaurus; horreum: for coins, numotheca: a cabinet for china, collectio Sinensi artificio factorum oporum; copia operum Sinensis artis.

CABINET-MAKER,intestinarius (Codex Theodosianus, 13, 4, 2, in so far as he makes objects of art): lignarius (scilicet, faber): scriniorum or capsularum opifex (any one who works in wood, joiner or carpenter).

CABINET SEAL, signum principis (Suetonius).

CABLE, funis ancorarius; ancorale:ora (by which a ship is fastened to the shore): remulcus (towing-cable): rudens (any rope, especially belonging to the yards and sails): to cut the cables, aucoralia incidere; ancoras præcidere.

CABRIOLET, cisium.

CACHINNATION, cachinnus [vid. LAUGHTER: loud and screaming laughter; as condition]:cachinnatio (Cicero, Disputationes Tusculanae, 4, 31, 66; as action). Vid. LAUGH, s.

CACKLE, v., strepere (properly of geese, etc.; applied also to men): gracillare (of chickens, Auctor Carm. de Philom., 25): gingrire, strepere (of geese, to cackle, Festus, and Vergilius, Eel., 9, 36): clangere (of geese): tetrinnire (of ducks, Auctor Carm. de Philom.).

CACKLING, strepitus (of geese and men): voces anserum (loud cackling; vid. Tacitus, Germania, 10, 3): to raise a loud cackling, vociferari (Columella, 8, 13, 2): clangor (of geese and chickens): gingritus (of geese: late).

CADAVEROUS, || looking like a corpse, cadaverosus.

CADE,cadus. Vid. CASK.

CADE, cicur (tame by nature; of animals: opposed to ferus, immanis): mansuetus (used to the hand, domestic, tame; of beasts and men: opposed to ferus): domitus (tamed, subdued; of wild beasts and savage nations: opposed to ferus): placidus (of gentle disposition, peaceably inclined; of men and beasts: opposed to ferus): mitis (meek, yielding: opposed to immanis).

CADE, v., mansuefacere: mansuetum faccre or reddere (to accustom to the hand, to render domestic or sociable; e.g., the people, plebem). Vid. TAME, v.

CADENCE, || in music, intervallum:numerus (in speech). || A harmonious conclusion, quædam ad numerum conclusio. Having (or with) a good cadence, numerosus; numerose cadens; numerose cadere (all of speech). To close periods with a good cadence, numeris sententias claudere.

CADET, || a younger brother, frater natu minor. || In a military sense, puer ad militiam publice informandus:tiro nobilis is inapplicable.

CADGER, coemtor (one who buys up):propola (one who buys to sell again):caupo (one who retails the necessaries of life).

CÆSTUS, cæstus. To fight with cæstuses, pugilare (the boxer with them was pugil, pycta [πύκτης]: the act, pugilatus).

CAG, doliolum: seria (oblong cask). Vid. CASK.

CAGE, || an, inclosure, cavea (both for birds and wild beasts): claustrum (for wild beasts). || Any kind of fence for the same purpose, sepes: sepimentum: septum (an inclosed place; e.g.,for hunting, venationis): vivarium:leporarium (different appellations for the same thing; vid. Gellius, 2, 20). || A prison, carcer: custodia (properly, the guarding of anybody; also the place itself):vincula, plural (chains or fetters; also the place).

CAGE, v.. in caveam includere. || Animals for pleasure, bestias includere delectationis causa. || Imprison, includere in carcerem: aliquem in custodiam dare; in carcerem condere or conjicere. Vid. IMPRISON.

CAIRN, acervus lapidum: lapides in unum locum congesti.

CAITIFF, scelestus, scelus: scelus viri.

CAJOLE, blandiri alicui (with words and gestures): (manu) permulcere aliquem (to stroke with the hand): amplexari et osculari aliquem (to embrace and kiss anybody): assentari alicui (to humor anybody; yield to him in every thing): adulari (flatter basely): blanditiis delenire aliquem: commodis verbis persuadere alicui.

CAJOLER, assentator (who yields to anybody in every thing): adulator (base flatterer): homo blandus (flattering by sweet words).

CAJOLERY, blanditiæ (insinuating words, caresses): blanditiæ et assentationes (Cicero): blandimentum (caressing means by which one endeavors to win over anybody): adulatio (base flattery).

CAKE, s., placenta: libum (the flat cake of honey, meal, etc.; a sacrificial and also birth-day cake): massa: pondus (a mass of anything in general).

CAKE, v.,TR., with anything, aliquid alicui rei concoquere. INTR., concrescere (congeal, stick together, etc.): in massam concrescere: indurescere.

CALAMINE, cadmia, the different sorts of which were: botryitis; placitis; ostracitis [vid. Lat. Lex.].

CALAMITOUS, miser (pitiable, in bad circumstances): infelix (unfortunate):calamitosus (beset, oppressed with grief; beset with dangers, etc.): tristis (afflicting): luctuosus (doleful): gravis (heavy, distressing).|| CALAMITOUS TIMES, gravia or iniqua.

CALAMITY, calamitas (misery occasioned by great damage and loss, also by war): miseria (misery: opposed to happiness): res miseræ or afflictæ (lamentable situation): casus adversus or tristis, from context merely casus (unfortunate accident): res adversæ, fortuna afflicta, from context fortuna only (unfortunate circumstances, especially relating to pecuniary and domestic matters): fortuna mala (misfortune, ill fate). To bring calamities upon anybody, miserisrum tempestates alicui cxcitare; alicui insignem calamitatem inferre.To suffer calamity, in malis esse, jacere, versari; malis urgeri: a calamity, calamitatem accipere. Vid. AFFLICTION.

CALCINATE,TR., in calcem vertere.INTR., in calcem verti.

CALCULATE, v. a., || to reckon, computare, supputare (to sum up): alicujus rei rationem inire; ad calculos vocare aliquid: calculum ponere in re (to reckon over, take an account):computando efficere (to make out by calculating): to calculate expenses, or the cost, ad calculos vocare sumtus: to calculate an amount in the current coin of our own country, ad nostræ pecuniæ rationem revocare aliquid: κυρικιμασαηικοto calculate the course of the heavenly bodies, stellarum or siderum cursus et motus numeris persequi; cursus siderum dimetiri (measure and calculate): the loss can not be calculated, damnum majus est quam quod æstimari possit: to calculate every thing according to one’s own interest,omnia metiri emolumentis et commodis:to calculate with any one, rationem cum aliquo putare, instituere, conferre; rationem or calculum ponere cum aliquo (Plinius, Panegyricus, 20,
5): to calculate every thing by pounds, shillings, and pence, omnia ad lucrum revocare:to learn to calculate, arithmetica discere: to calculate well, in arithmeticis satis exercitatum esse: to calculate by Olympiads, Olympiadum numero finire: the Gauls calculate time by days, and not by nights, Galli spatia omnis temporis non numero dierum, sed noctium finiunt (Cæsar, B. G., 6, 18):the Germans do not calculate time by days, as we do, hut by nights, Germani non dierum numerum, ut nos, sed noctium computant (Tacitus, Germania, 11, 2).|| To calculate upon a thing, sperare fore ut, etc. I calculate upon your coming, spero fore ut venias. IMPROPR., (a) to weigh anything, calculum ponere in re (Plinius, Epistulae, 1, 14, 9): to calculate or weigh all the difficulties or circumstances attending any matter, ponere calculos in utraque parte (Plinius, Epistulae, 2, 19, 9): (b) to intend a certain effect, accommodare aliquid ad rem. CALCULATED, adj., accommodatus; aptus; idoneus; par: calculated for something, accommodatus. ad aliquid, or alicui rei: calculated for business, and nothing else, par negotiis nec supra.

CALCULATION, s., ratio: computatio supputatio. To make friendship a mere calculation of interest, nimis exigue et exiliter ad calculos vocare amicitiam. A calculation made or to be made, ratio subducta or subducenda.

CALCULATOR, s., calculator (Marcus and Ulpianus, Dig.): computator (Seneca, Ep., 87, 5).

CALDRON, ahenum: cortina (resting on three legs, for cooking and dyeing):lebes (λέβης , only among the Greeks, especially used as a present of honor; vid. Vergilius, Aeneis, 3, 466; .5, 266).

CALEFACTION, s., calefactio (Arcad., Dig.): calefactus, us (only in the ablative, Plinius and Lactantius), or by circumlocution:for the calefaction of anything, ad aliquid calefaciendum.

CALENDAR, s., calendarium (originally, a book of debts or interest; in modern Latin, a calendar, Inscriptiones, Gruteri, 133, to be retained as a technical term): fasti (the book in which the dies fasti et nefasti, the dies senatus et comitiales. etc, were registered): ephemeris, idis, f. (a day-book of expenses, events, etc.).

CALENDER, s., tormentum (for clothes. Seneca, Tranq., 1, 3: in later writers, pressorium).

CALENDER, v., (vestes, pannum, etc.), ponderibus premere (Seneca, Tranq., 1, 3):pannum polire, expolire (Plinius has vestes polire, expolire).

CALENDS, s., calendæ, or kalendæ in inscriptions (the first day of the month):till the last of August, usque ad pridie calendas Septembres. Debtors paid interest on the first of the month; hence tristes calendæ. The Greeks had no calends in their calculations of time; hence ad calendas Græcas solvere: to pay at latter Lammas, i.e., never. cF., OBSERVE, the name of the month is to be an adjective; hence calendæ Januariæ, not Januarii.

CALF, || of the leg, sura: to have thick calves, crassioribus esse suris.|| Young of a cow, vitulus. || Seacalf, vitulus marinus (the pure Latin term): phoca (also a sea-calf from φώκη).|| Of or belonging to a calf vitulinus.

CALIBRE, s., || the diameter of the barrel of a gun, modus tormentorum: also os tormentorum, os tormenti bellici:tormenti bellici capacitas.|| INPR., modus: magnitudo: amplitudo:they are of a different calibre, non sunt ejusdem farinæ.

CALICE. Vid. CHALICE.

CALIGRAPHY,. s., calligraphia; scribendi ars.

CALIX (cup of a flower), doliolum floris (Plinius): calathus (late; poetical).

CALK, v. a., navem picare. [Kraft gives navium rimas pice, adipe, obducere, explere.]

CALKER, circumlocution by navem picare, etc.

CALL, s., || sound of the voice, vox. || The calling, summoning, vocatus; vocatio; evocatio (in military service; e.g., a person takes up arms at the first call, aliquis arma capit, ubi primum bellicum cani audirit). || To come upon anybody’s calling, alicujus vocatu, or ab aliquo vocatum, or invitatum venire. Hence, especially, || the offer of an office, munus oblatum, from context also conditio: to receive a call, vocari ad munus: to receive a call to go to any place, quo vocari: he had a call to go to Göttingen, Gottingensis conditio ei offerebatur: to accept a call, munus oblatum suscipere; conditionem accipere: he accepted the call without hesitation, non dubitavit accipere, quod deferebatur: to refuse a call, conditionem recusare. || Impulse, impulsus, impolsio. || Visit, salutatio: salutationis officium (at Rome, the call of friends or clients in the morning, as a mark of respect toward persons of rank): daily and frequent calls of friends, qaotidiana amicorum assiduitas et frequentia: to make a call [vid. to Call]: to put off a call, visendi curam differre (Tacitus., Ann., 14, 6, 1): your call will be agreeable to all, carus omnibus expectatusque venies. || The calling a person or thing by name, nomenclatio.

CALL, v., || name, nominare (also to give anything a proper name): appellare (to call or address anybody by his title):vocare: dicere (the former, to call anybody by his name, or, like dicere, to call anybody or anything according to what it is, i.e., to affix any epithet to it.

Cf., OBSERVE, vocare generally with a substantive, dicere vith an adjective): nomen alicui dare, or indere, or imponere (to give a name to anybody): to call by name, aliquem nomine appellare: to call every thing by its own name, suo quamque rem nomine appellare: to call anybody or anything after something, ex aliqua re, or ex aliquo nominare aliquid, or aliquem:I call anything my omn, aliquid meum vindico: I am called (i.e., I have the name), mihi est nomen, with nominative, or dative, or (more seldom) genitive of the name [vid. Name, s.]. || Invite, invitare (to request anybody’s participation in anything): invitare aliquem ad aliquid (e.g., ad bellum, ad quietem, etc.): ad opus solicitari (to be called upon to perform some deed). || Visit, visere: allcujus visendi causa venire: invisere: visitare (to call upon anybody to inquire after his health, etc.): intervisere (to call occasionally): adire, convenire (to call to speak on or to transact any business): salutare:salutatum or salutandi causa ad aliquem venire: ad aliquem salutandum venire (to call upon anybody, as a mark of respect).|| TO CALL OUT (challenge to a combat), provocare (absolutely, Livius, 24, 8): provocare aliquem ad pugnam or ad certamen (especially from among a multitude).|| CALL OUT (troops to military service), evocare, or evocare ad bellum.|| Summon to appear at a place, postulare, citare (the former before a court, the latter of any verbal summons): on account of anything, alicujus rei or de re; patres in curiam citari jubere (to call the fathers to appear in the senate-house): nominatim citare or evocare (to summon anybody by his name to take military service). || CALL IN, advocare, to anybody, ad aliquem, to anything, ad or in aliquid: accire (to intend to call in, but so that the person called need not come immediately; therefore merely accire aliquem, not aliquem ad aliquem, etc.): arcessere (send for anybody and make him actually come; e.g., aliquem arcessi or arcessiri jubere): to call anybody in, intro vocare aliquem (invite him in): to call in a physician, medico uti:medicum morbo adhibere or admovere:medicum ad ægrotum adducere (of a person fetching him): to call in money, pecunias exigere. || CALL BACK, revocare: troops, signum receptui dare: to call anybody back to life, aliquem in vitam revocare: to call anything back to (people’s) memory, memoriam alicujus rei renovare or redintegrare: to call anything back to anybody’s mind (remind him of it), alicui aliquid in memoriam redigere or reducere; aliquem in memoriam alicujus rei renovare or reducere: aliquem ad memoriam alicujus rei excitare: to call anything back to one’s own memory, memoriam alicujus rei repetere or revocare.|| CALL TOGETHER, convocare (also of animals; e.g., a hen, her chickens): to call a meeting of the people, in concionem vocare or convocare populum: also only convocare populum: to call the masters of the horse to a court-martial, præfectos equitum ad consilium convocare: to call the senate together, senatum cogere or convocare: cogere (properly, to drive together or collect in a heap): congregare (to gather in a flock): conducere, contrahere (to concentrate, e.g., troops): copias in unum locum cogere, or conducere, or contrahere (to collect or assemble troops at one place). || CALL AWAY (or OFF), avocare: evocare (call anybody out of a party): vocare foras (call out of doors):anybody is called away, nunciatur alicui, ut prodeat: evocatur aliquis (Cicero, De Or., 2, 86, 353): abducere (with or without de or ex loco: to fetch anybody away): adversum ire (especially of slaves, called adversitores, who fetched their masters; vid. Ruhnken, Terentius, Adelphi, 1, 1, 2): arcessere aliquem (seems principally to have been used for sending a slave, called arcessitor, to fetch anybody to a feast; vid. Plinius, Epistolae (Edition Gierig), 5, 6, 45): sevocare (to call aside). || CALL FOR. poscere (to demand in expectation of assent): deposcere: exposcere (to call for instantly or urgently): postulare: expostulare (to call for anything to which one is entitled; expostulare. urgently or seriously): flagitare: efflagitare (urgently and impetuously, especially if one has a real or pretended right, Cicero, Milon., 34, p. init., makes a climax thus: misericordiam implorare, requirere, exposcere, flagitare): petere: expetere (to endeavor to obtain by means of entreaty): exigere (to demand or collect what one has a right to claim, as a debt, wages, also taxes; if by coercive means, persequi pecuniam): to call for by writing, per literas flagitare. || CALL TO AN ACCOUNT. [Vid. ACCOUNT]. || CALL FORTH, provocare, evocare:
citare (to call anybody by name to appear; the conqueror, for instance, at Olympia; e.g., victorem Olympiæ citari. In a similar manner it may be used for calling forth an actor on the stage, which kind of compliment, however, was not known to the ancients:revocare aliquem = to demand the repetition of any beautiful passage, to encore anybody): excitare aliquem (to call from below; e.g., the spirits of the world below, inferos). || CALL UPON = to solicit, invocare (entreat anybody about anything, as for aid. etc.; e.g., invocare musas, to invoke the muses): implorare aliquem. (to implore; e.g., implorare or invocare deos, to implore or invoke the gods, especially for help or assistance): implorare fidem alicujus; invocare subsidium alicujus: auxilium alicujus implorare et flagitare (to call upon anybody for protection, help, etc.). To call upon or appeal to the judge for relief in anything, ad judicis opem confugere. To call upon anybody for mercy, alicujus misericordiam implorare or exigere. || TO CALL A WITNESS, testari or testem facere aliquem, usually antestari aliquem (previously to the introduction of the cause, when the question was put, “licet antestari?” whereupon the assenting person presented the lap of his ear to be touched by the postulant). || TO CALL OUT, (a) challenge [vid. before in this article]: (b) exclaim, exclamare:conclamare (especially of a multitude, but also of a single person, in which case it conveys the idea of raising a clamor immediately after any occurrence; vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 47, Herzog): clamitare (to offer anything in the streets for sale). || CALL UP,(a) exsuscitare; expergefacere (e somno); excitare (e somno); suscitare somno or e quiete: (b) IMPROPR. = to rouse. To call up the spirits of anybody (encourage), excitare; incitare. stimulare aliquem, stimulos admovere alicui. || TO CALL ANY THING IN QUESTION, aliquid in dubium revocare. || TO CALL NAMES, alicui contumeliæ causa cognomen dare.|| CALL OVER, recensere: recitare: the senate, senatum recitare: one’s slaves, servos per nomina citare. || CALL ALOUD, clamare: vociferari. Truth calls aloud, veritas clamat. CALLER, salutator: qui visendi (ac salutandi) cansa venit ad aliquem. A troublesome caller, molestus interpellator.

Callers, salutatio (as a collective): salutantes qui visendi (ac salutandi) causa ad aliquem veniunt. To let a caller in, aliquem admittere: to say not at home to a caller, aliquem excludere, or ab aditu prohibere.

CALLING, || inclination: studium:(animi) impetus (instinct): I feel a calling, fert animus; est impetus: I feel no calling, etc, non est in animo, etc.:to feel no calling, abhorrere or alienum esse a re. || Sphere of anybody’s duty, office: officium: partes: munus (SYN. in OFFICE): to be attentive to the duties of one’s calling, officio suo fungi: officio suo satisfacere; implere officii sui partes: to neglect the duties of one’s calling, deserere officii sui partes: ab officio suo decedere or recedere: ministerium (honorable office): ars (profession):provincia (province or sphere of duty):status (the position or state in which anybody finds himself): conditio (the position or situation in which he is plated as a member of society.

Conditio is lasting, and status transient).

CALLOSITY, s., callus: callum (hardness of the skin of the hands and feet).TROP., any kind of hardness (e.g., consuetudo callum obduxerat stomacho meo, Cicero: diuturna cogitatio callum obduxerat animis).

CALLOUS, adj., callosus; duricorius (Macrobius, Saturnalia, 2, 16; Plinius, 15, 18, 19):induratus.

CALLOUSNESS, s., durities; torpor.FIG., for insensibility: indolentia: animus durus.

CALLOW, adj., implumis: callow young ones, juvencæ aves (Plinius).

CALM, s., tranquillitas, tranquillitates (the state of the sea when there is no storm; plural of a continued calm: malacia (the state of the sea when there is no wind). (The words are found in this connection and order), malacia et tranquillitas. FIG., animi tranquillitas; quies; otium.

CALM, adj., tranquillus (without any violent motion, especially of the sea when not stirred by winds): quietus (in a state of rest; without exertion). (The words are found in this connection and order), tranquillus et quietus: sedatus (without any stormy violence; e.g., gradus, tempus): placidus (without violent motion, disturbance. etc, cœlum, dies, somnus, amnis): otiosus (undisturbed by troublesome business): qui omni vento caret (dies). A calm life, vita otiosa, tranquilla, tranquilla et quieta, placida: a calm sea, mare tranquillum or placidum. To be calm, quietum esse, quiescere. Vid. Tranquillus, quietus, placidus, sedatus, placatus. are all applied, also, to the mind, and its operations:quietus, allied in sense to otiosus, segnis, languidus; tranquillus to lenis. placidus, moderatus, Döderlein. (The words are found in this connection and order), placidus quietusque; placatus et tranquillus; sedatus et quietus; sedatus placidusque.

Calm speech, oratio placida or sedata. To do anything in a calmer mood, placatiore animo facere aliquid: to write in a calmer mind, sedatiore animo scribere. To be calm (in mind), animo esse quieto, or tranquillo, or placato: animo non commoveri.

Be calm, quiesce (be quiet): sile; taceas quæso! (be silent): bono sis animo! bonum habe animum (be of good courage). Their minds are not yet calm, mentes nondum resederunt.

CALM, v., tranquillare (to make anything rest: properly, the sea; improperly, men’s minds, animos): pacare (to reduce to peace; e.g., provinciam): sedare (to make to settle quietly down; e.g , anger; the winds. Ovidius: the waves, Cicero): placare (to bring to a milder, quieter state; e.g., iram: also æquora. Ovidius): permulcere (to calm by soothing words, etc.: the mind, anger): lenire (to bring to a milder state; anger, fear. etc.): reprimere (to repress excitement in anybody: e.g.. concitatam multitudinem, Nepos).

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To calm anybody’s mind by encouraging words, alicujus animum verbis confirmare: by comforting words, aliquem, or animum alicujus consolatione lenire, or permulcere. To calm one’s self, acquiescere.