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BEHEAD, To behead anybody, caput alicujus præcidere (with the sword; it would be wrong to say caput cervicibus abscidere, unless the person is first strangled, Cicero, Phil., ii., 2: cervicibus fractis caput abscidit): securi ferire, or percutare (with the axe, as the instrument used by the executioner): decollare (as a general term, post-Augustan, Seneca, and Suetonius, and even then rejected from the more elevated style).
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BEHEST, Vid. COMMAND.
BEHIND, adv., prep., and adj., pone, post (opposed to ante): post tergum (behind the back: opposed to ante pectus): a tergo (from behind: opposed to adversus, or a latere. Vid. Sallustius, i. Ep. de Ord. Rep., 3. 2: neque adversus, neque a tergo, aut lateribus tutus est): to look behind, oculos retorquere: to kick out behind, recalcitrare (Horatius, Sat., 2, 1, 20), or calces remittere:
Behind the house, (in) aversa parte domus; in postico; (in) postica parte ædium; (in) postica domo (in the building or wing that is behind): the garden was behind the house, hortus erat posticis ædium partibus: to attack anybody from behind, aliquem aversum or a tergo aggredi, invadere: to receive a wound behind the ear, secundum aurem vulnus accipere (vid.
Herzog, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 34, quite at the end.): to leave a person behind, post se relinquere: præcurrere:
to leave anybody far behind, aliquem procul a se relinquere: behind anybody’s back (= in anybody’s absence, or without anybody’s knowledge), post tergum; clam aliquo or inscio aliquo: behind the mountain, ad terga mentis: a man died and left three daughters behind him, quidam decedens tres filias reliquit:
to leave debts behind one, æs alienum relinquere.
|| Behind, out of sight, behind the curtain, obscurus, obscurior, reconditus, in recondito: there is some evil behind, aliquid mali subest: to be behind, i.e., left, remaining, reliquum esse, relinqui, restare, superesse. I desire to hear all that is behind, reliqua cupio scire omnia: what remains now behind? quid nunc porro? is there any more mischief yet behind? numquid est aliud mali reliquum? there is one work yet behind, unus superest labor.
BEHINDHAND, to be behindhand with anybody, ab aliquo superari: I will not be behindhand, non posteriores feram (vid. Ruhnken, Ter., Ad., 5, 4, 26): to be behindhand in learning, parum proficere, or procedere in literis: in money matters, reliquari (to be in arrears, Pandectae):
attritis esse facultatibus; in rei familiaris angustiis esse (to be in embarrassed circumstances): not to be behindhand in anything, in aliqua re progressus facere.
BEHOLD, aspicere aliquem or aliquid:
oculos in aliquid conjicere or convertere (to cast eyes on): spectare; aspectare (with attention). Vid. To SEE, GAZE, LOOK (at).
BEHOLD, interj., ecce (points at something as appearing suddenly and unexpectedly): en (points at something as not observed from prejudice, aversion, or some
such feeling. Both usually with the nominative, and only ecce (in comedy) with accusative, of a pronoun: eccum, eccam, eccos are the contracted forms of ecce eum, ecce eam, ecce eos): behold, or there is, your letter, ecce literæ tuæ: behold, here I am, ecce me: behold, there he is, eccum adest: behold, there is the very man I was looking for, eccum quem quærebam: behold, that is the reason, en causa: behold, that is it that makes the others believe, en sur ceteri arbitrentur.
BEHOLDEN, To be beholden to anybody, alicui obnoxium esse; alicujus beneficiis obligatum esse: to be much beholden to anybody, alicui multum, or multa beneficia, debere: I shall be exceedingly beholden to you, gratissimum mihi facies; hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes.
BEHOOF, usus; commodum.
BEHOOVE, decere aliquem: it behooves, decet or convenit (followed by an accusative and an infinitive):portet (followed also by an accusative, and an infinitive is used when moral obligation is implied).
BEING, || existence. The Latins express this notion by the verb esse; e.g., he denies the being of the gods, nullos esse deos putat; deos esse negat: he asserts the being of the gods, deos esse dicit: he utterly rejects the being of a God, deum ex rerum natura tollit: to fulfill the purpose of one’s being, legi, qua nati sumus, respondere or satisfacere. || Being, participle. Vid., BE. [I being present, me præsente (not in mea præsentia); coram me.]
BELABOR, pulsare (to beat soundly):
verberibus cædere (to baste thoroughly):
verberibus castigare (to punish either pugilistically or with a cudgel): verberibus
or flagris implere; male mulcare; verberibus subigere or irrigare; verberibus
mulcare (all comic expressions).
BELATED, Vid. BENIGHTED.
BELCH, v., ructare: to cause to belch, ructus gignere, or movere, or facere, or ciere.
BELCH, s., ructus; stomachi redundatio.
BELDAM, anicula; vetula (old woman):
maga; benefica (witch).
BELEAGUER, obsidere; circum sedere; obsidionem (urbi) inferre; in obsidione habere or tenere; obsidione claudere, premere: operibus cingere; operibus claudere, omnique commeatu privare (all answering to the Greek περιπροςκαθῆσθαι, to blockade): oppugnare; oppugnatione premere; opera (urbi) admovere (answering to the Greek πολιορκεῖν, προςβάλλειν, to storm): to beleaguer on all sides, corona cingere, circumdare; corona (mœnia) aggredi; circumvallare (to surround with a line of circumvallation).
BELFRY, trabium compages, in qua campana pendet.
BELIE, counterfeit, imitari, imitando exprimere or effingere; mentiri (poetical).
|| Give the lie to, mendacii coarguere.
|| Misrepresent, depravare rem narrando. || Calumniate, criminari, de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere.
BELIEF, fides (assured belief): opinio (opinion, view): persuasio (firm conviction).
|| Creed, formula Christiana:
lex Christiana (the latter Ammianus, of a Christian’s “ride of faith”). An article of the belief, caput doctrinæ sacræ (caput or articulus fidei, barbarous): locus doctrinæ sacræ. The universal belief about a thing, omnium opinio de re. A belief that poison had been administerd by some one, persuasio veneni ab aliquo accepti. According to my belief, ut ego existimo; mea quidem opinione; ut mihi quidem videtur. The common belief that, etc., vulgata opinio, qua creditur, etc. Easy of belief, credulus. Hard of belief, incredulus.
Past belief, incredibilis; incredibile quantum, supra quam credibile est. Worthy of belief, fide dignus, fidus, certus, bonus, locuples, luculentus; credibilis; probabilis: unworthy of belief, levis nee satis fidus (e.g., auctor). || In an ecclesiastical sense, fides (belief, faith): doctrina, formula, lex (objectively, doctrine, profession, law), lex Christiana (Ammianus) :
relirio (religion, generally; as, religio Christiana, Eutropius, Arnobius). Vid., Krebs, after Muretus, advises the retention of fides Christiana as a technical term. To fight for his belief, pro religionibus suis pugnare (defend it with the sword); pro religionibus suis bellum (or -a) suscipere.
Belief in (the existence of) a God, opinio Dei: nobody shall drive me from my belief in the immortality of the soul, nemo me
de immortalitate depellet (Cicero): the common belief, that, etc., vulgata opinio qua creditur, etc. (Livius, 40, 29) : to have or hold a wrong belief on any subject, non recte credere de re (Cicero): not to deserve any belief (of a thing), fidem or nullam fidem habere.
BELIEVE, credere (denotes belief as grounded on testimony): putare (to believe, as one who casts up the reasons for and against: often of one who does not see the errors of his calculation = “imagine”):
arbitrari (properly, to pronounce an opinion as an arbiter: often of forming the most probable opinion one can from uncertain data): videri (of what seems to one true at first sight, or as far as one’s means of examining and judging extend: the construction is, mihi videtur aliquis or aliquid, or videor with infinitive: I believe you speak the truth, videris vera loqui: I
Believe that I see you, te videre videor):
opinari (to be of opinion, to imagine: of conjectural belief founded on what seem probable grounds): animum or in animum inducere (to arrive at the notion; to persuade one’s self: with infinitive, he believes that he may, inducit animum sibi licere, Cicero): reri (to hold anything as one’s private opinion, formed on reasonable grounds, etc.: according to Cicero, De Or., 3, 38, 153, a rather poetical word, which,
however, may, if used judiciously, give spirit and a somewhat antique coloring to a discourse; hence he uses it himself not uncommonly, especially in his philosophical works. The principal forms that occur are the present and imperfect indicative): existimare: ducere (to estimate; to hold an opinion after passing judgment on the worth
of its grounds, etc.: æstimare is not used in this sense): censere (to pronounce judgment with the authority of a censor, or of a senator giving his vote: thence to hold anything to be good and profitable; and also to hold an opinion deliberately): autumare in the sense of “believing,” “holding an opinion,” is not without authority (e.g., Pacuvius, in Non., 237, 2; Horatius, Sat., 2, 3, 45, where it = censet), but does not belong to the prose of the Golden Age: to believe easily, facile adduci (not induci) ad credendum; facile ad credendum impelli: to believe anything (habitually and foolishly), alicui rei servire; e.g., to believe uncertain rumors, incertis rumoribus servire (Cæsar): I firmly believe, (mihi) persuasum or persuasissimum est: hoc or illud mihi certe persuadeo, or persuasi: persuasum habere (all = I am convinced, with accusative and infinitive: Cf., persuasum habeo is much less common than mihi persuasum est, or mihi persuasi. With mihi persuasi only a pronoun can stand as the objective: hoc mihi persuasi. With persuasum habere the dative of the pronoun is extremely rare, the only passage being sibi persuasum habebant (Cæsar, B. G., 3, 2, end). Hence avoid mihi persuasum habeo. || To make anybody believe anything, alicui aliquid or de aliqua re probare (Cicero; alicui aliquid credibile facere is New Latin, though credibile aliquid facere is right, Krebs). To make anybody believe that, etc., persuadere alicui or hoc persuadere alicui, with accusative and infinitive. I shall not be made, led, induced, or persuaded to believe this, hoc quidem non adducor, ut credam; non facile adducar (not inducar) ad credendum. I am not persuaded to believe that, etc., non adducor or adducar (with accusative and infinitive, without any verb of believing; e.g., Cicero, Div., 1, 18, 35, nec adducar aut in extis totam Etruriam delirare, etc., Orelli; but many manuscripts read adducar ut rear, etc.):
to make the people believe, opinionem populo afferre (Cicero). I can hardly be induced to believe, illuc adduci vix possum, ut, etc. They tried to make the people believe that Pompey wished, etc., in eam opinionem rem adducebant, ut Pompeius cupere videretur. I can not but believe that, non possum in animum inducere, quin, etc. (Livius). I am more inclined to believe, magis ut arbitrer (with accusative and infinitive)
inclinat animus (vid. Livius, 7, 9).
Not to believe anybody or anything, alicui, or alicui rei fidem abrogare, or derogare.
|| To believe in anything, aliquid esse arbitrari or credere (i.e., in its existence: for difference between arbitrari and credere, vid. above: to believe in a God, or in the existence of a God, Deum esse credere; vim et naturam esse divinam arbitrari: also Deum or Deos credere [Seneca, Ep., 95], Deum or Deos putare
[Cicero, Div., 1, 46, 104]. Hence, “I believe in one God,” not credo in unum
Deum, but credo unum Deum): credere de re (e.g., men are but too ready to believe in the existence of hatred, facilius de odio creditor, Tacitus, Hist., 1, 34): comprobare aliquid (to give one’s assent to an article of belief; e.g., to believe in the influence of the gods, numen deorum comprobare): to believe in ghosts, de umbris (not spectris) credere:
homines umbris inquietari credere. || To believe (= put faith in) a thing or person, aliqui rei or alicui credere: alicui or alicui rei fidem habere, tribuere: alicui rei (never alicui) fidem adjungere (not fidem dare or adhibere); e.g., to believe in dreams (i.e., in their coming true), somniis credere or fidem adjungere. || BELIEVE ME (inserted parenthetically), quod mihi credas velim, mihi crede or crede mihi (ὲμοὶ πιθοῦ and πιθοῦ μοι: mihi crede the more common, but crede mihi not uncommon in Cicero, when the emphasis is rather on believe than on me). || I believe (inserted parenthetically), credo: opinor (credo, like ὡς ἔοικιν, implies irony, in absurd or self-evident propositions: puto, inserted without a dependent word or clause, is classical, but rare, Krebs). || As I believe, mea quidem opinione: ut ego existimo:
ut mihi visus sum: quomodo mihi persuadeo (as I persuade or flatter myself: parenthetically, Cicero, Oratio pro Roscio Amerino, 2, 6, end).
|| I believe it (as form of assent), credo (Terentius, And., 5, 4, 43): believe assuredly that, etc., hoc velim tibi penitus persuadeas, or persuadeas hoc tibi vere (with accusative and infinitive). || To be a believer (i.e., in Christ), Christum or veram Christi doctrinam sequi; Christianæ legis studiosum esse (Ammianus, 25, 10).
More than anyone will believe, supra quam cuipiam credibile est. It is not to be believed, credibile non est, incredibile est, fidem excedit, a fide abhorret. Who can believe it? quis credat? incredibile est. || To make believe, cause the belief, opinionem alicujus rei præbere: assume, put on, simulare, assimulare; that he is learned, simulare se doctum esse, simulare doctrinam: that he is sick, simulare ægrum, assimulare se ægrum. I will make believe that I go out, simulabo, assimulabo, quasi exeam. || To be believed: (a) absolutely, credi (impersonally with dative of person. Any body is believed, alicui creditur): alicui fides habetur (both of persons): aliqua res fidem habet: alicui rei fides habetur, tribuitur, adjungitur. The dreams of madmen must not be believed (true), insanorum visis non est fides habenda (Cicero). Anything is believed by nobody, alicui rei abrogatur fides.
To cause anything to be believed, alicui rei fidem facere, afferre, or addere: to prevent anything from being believed, alicui rei fidem abrogare: (b) with following infinitive: credi. I am believed, credor (aliquid fecisse, etc.): also with infinitive omitted; e.g., origo animi cœlestis creditor (Quintilianus).
Observe. For “it is believed,” the personal construction should be used, the impersonal being very rare; hence, “it is believed that anybody committed suicide,” not creditur aliquem voluntaria morte interiisse, but creditur aliquis, etc.
BELIEVER, qui veram Christi doctrinam sequitur; qui alicujus (e.g., Muhammedi) doctrinam sequitur. The believers, veram Christi doctrinam sequentes, Christianæ legis studiosi: || (generally) qui alicui rei fidem habet or credit.
BELIKE, haud scio an, nescio an (subjunctive).
quantum opinione auguror, ut opinor, ut mea fert opinio, credo; fortasse.
BELL, campana (a large bell suspended, e.g., church-bell: the word and the thing were both invented by the Christians):
tintinnabulum (κώδων, suspended at the door to summon the servants, etc. Vid., picture in the Dict. Ant., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities of William Smith, p. 984. There were also such bells in the baths, to give notice when they were open, etc. Nola is a very doubtful word. Vid. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities of William Smith) Often æs may serve; e.g„ the bell rings for the bath, sonat æs thermarum
(Martialis, 14, 163): the bell is ringing for church, sonat æs sacrorum. The door-bell rang (= there is somebody at the door), pulsantur fores (i.e., someone knocks):
tintinnabulum sonat (according to our custom). To ring the bell (at the door), pulsare fores (according to the ancient custom),
agitare tintinnabulum forium (according to our custom). Bell-founder, campanasrum fusor. Bell-metal, æs campanarum.
Bell-ringer, agitator campanæ (campanulæ);
qui æs agitat; sexton, ædituus. Bell-fashioned, in formam campanæ redactus. Bell-flower, campanula.
Bell-wether, vervex dux gregis.
To bear the bell, palmam ferre.
BELLE, puella or mulier pulchra, formosa.
BELLOW, mugire, mugitus edere. A bellowing, mugitus.
BELLOWS, follis. A smith’s bellows, follis fabrilis.
BELLY, venter (the cavity that contains the stomach and entrails: also used of the
stomach. It refers principally to the stomach as viewed externally; hence, the belly of a cask is dolii venter externally, dolii uterus internally): ventriculus (stomach: ventriculus qui receptaculum cibi est, Celsus): abdomen (the prominent, fat coverings of the belly, “paunch”. Hence the
Best word, when belly is used, to imply gluttony; e. g., to be the slave of one’s belly, or to make one’s belly one’s god, abdomini natum esse; but also ventri deditum esse or operam dare): alvus (the lower cavity of the belly, where the nutritious particles of the food are separated from the excrements, and the chief channel through which the latter are conveyed away): stomachus (the opening of the stomach, and the stomach itself, a the cause of digestion, by its warmth): uterus (womb): pantices, plural (præ-classical, Plautus, “paunch;” “pot-belly,” in a depreciating sense): alveus (hold of a ship). A pot-belly, venter promissus or projectus. A big belly, venter obesus, ventris obesitas. Big-bellied, ventriosus, or ventruosus, or ventrosus.
Belly-pains, belly-ache, tormina; strophus; colicus dolor; colon (colic-pains, colic):
to be suffering from the belly-ache, torminibus or ex intestinis laborare; torminibus affectum esse: that has such, colicus.
Apt to have the belly-ache, torminosus. A belly-band, cingulum; cingula, plural (for horses, etc.). Belly-timber, cibaria. A belly-god, abdomini suo natus, ventri deditus,
ganeo, heluo, homo profundæ gulæ, Epicuri de grege porcus. A bellyful, satietas. Belly-Bound, alvo dura or astricta.
Belly-pinched, fame enectus, confectus.
Belly-worm, lumbricus. || The belly of a wall, mori venter. Big-bellied, lato utero (of a cask, ship, etc.): ampullaceus (like a bottle).
BELLY, v., prominere, turgere, tumere; timescere, extumescere; impleri vento.
BELMAN, præco.
BELONG TO (be the property of), esse alicujus, aliquis possidet aliquid. This book belongs to me, hic liber est meus. To whom belong these sheep? cujum pecus? to Melibœus, est Melibœi. || To be the part: or business of, esse alicujus. It belongs to me to do this, meum est hoc facere.
That belongs not to my office, non est mei muneris. To belong to another judge, ad alium judicem pertinere. || To be due, alicui deberi; alicui tribuendum esse. || To appertain to, relate to, pertinere ad aliquid; spectare ad aliquid; referri referendum esse ad aliquid: be under the dominion of, alicujus juris esse, in alicujus ditione esse, sub imperio alicujus esse: be one of, esse ex: to a happy life, ad beate vivendum pertinere: to anyone’s race, ortum esse ex alicujus stirpe.
He belongs among my friends, est ex meis domesticis. To what party do you belong? cujus partis estis? || To belong (have its place). These vessels belong in the kitchen, hæc vasa locum suum habent in culina. This belongs elsewhere (to say, etc.), hoc non hujus loci est; hoc alienum
hoc sejunctum est a re proposita.
BELOVED, dilectus, amatus, carus, gratus.
BELOW, prep., sub, subter, infra. Below the moon all is mortal, infra lunam nihil est nisi mortale. He reclined below Eutrapelus, infra Eutrapelum accubuit.
|| In rank or merit, infra. To be below one, infra aliquem esse, inferiorem esse aliquo, alicui cedere: in a thing, aliqua re ab aliquo vinci. It is below one’s dignity, est infra alicujus dignitatem: the majesty of a prince, inferius majestate principis est. || Less in quantity and value, intra; minor (with ablative).
BELOW, adv., infra; subter. Respecting this, see below (in a book), de hac re videatur infra. Further below (lower down), inferius; inferior. To be situated on the river further below, ad inferiorem fluminis partem situm esse. They cross over below, infra or inferiore parte trajiciunt. From below, ab inferiore parte; ab imo; ex inferiori loco (e.g., dicere). || In the Lower World, apud inferos: the world below, inferi, loca iuferna. || Here below, his in terris; hac in vita.
BELT, cingulum: zona (girdle: the latter a Greek term, used of the zona virginalis, removed on the day of marriage, and zona muliebris, especially of Grecian ladies: of men only as used to hold money, instead of a purse: cingulum is also used as the substitute for a purse; and both as “zone” in the astronomical and geographical sense): cestus (any tie, according to Varro, especially the girdle of Venus).
|| For a sword, balteus.
BEMIRE, inquinare cœno or luto.
BEMOAX, deplorare, deflere.
BENCH, scamnum, scabellum (little bench): sedes, sedile (seat, generally): subsellium (at the theatre or the courts): transtrum (of rowers: commonly in plural).
|| Table or stand of an artisan, mensa. A butcher’s bench, laniena. || The bench of judges, consessus.
BEND, v., flectere, inflectere; curvare, incurvare. To bend downward, deflectere: upward, sursum flectere: inward, inflectere: backward, reflectere or retro flectere, recurvare: sideways, obliquare.
Bent, bending, inflexus, incurvus: backward, recurvatus, recurvus. To bend a bow, arcum intendere, contendere: to hend the knee, vid. KNEE. Easy to bend, flexibilis. INTR., to bend, flecti, se flectere, inflecti; curvari, incurvari, incurvescere.
|| Move, affect, flectere, movere; animos hominum oratione flectere or movere. || Depress, break, frangere, deprimere; debilitare; affligere. (The words are found in this connection and order), affligere et debilitare. Pain does not bend the mind of a brave man, viri non est debilitari dolore, dolori occumbere: to bend anybody’s pride, alicujus superbiam retundere (Phaedrus). || Direct any whither, dirigere (ad aliquid), convertere (in aliquid). All eyes are bent on you, omnium oculi in te sunt conjecti. || Apply: the mind, the thoughts, etc., to anything, animum ad aliquid attendere, adjicere, applicare; cogitationes in aliquid intendere, omni cogitatione ferri ad aliquid. Bent, intent, attentus, intentus; resolutely, obstinatus. INTR., to bend to anybody, submittere se alicui, supplicem esse alicui. Old age bending to the grave, ætas grandior or declinata. Their hope bending neither way, neutro inclinata spes.
BEND, curvamen (probably first used by Ovidius, “bend” as an abiding state):
curvitas (Macrobius): aduncitas (curvature the latter especially of what is bent inward, e.g., of a beak, rostri): curvatura (Vitruvius, Plinius): flexura (Lucretius, Suetonius: bending with reference to other motions in space):
flexus (winding, turning: pons — in quo est flexus ad iter Arpinas, Cicero): an fractus (a break in the continuity of anything’s direction; e,g., of a horn, the course of the sun. etc., but especially of a road; hence, from context, anfiractus only for a “turn in the road”).
BENDING (the act), flexio, inflexio curvatio, incurvatio.
BENEATH, To think anything beneath one, aliquid infra se positum arbitrari; aliquid infra se esse judicare.(The words are found in this connection and order), aliquid despicere atque infra se positum
arbitrari (to despise it as beneath one’s notice).
To think anything beneath anybody, aliquid infra alicujus officium existimare (Quintilianus, to think it too low to be his duty). Thinking it beneath them to, etc., inferius majestate sua rati (e.g., lamentari).
To do nothing that is beneath one, nihil, quod ipso sit indignum, committere.
Anything seems beneath me, aliquid infra dignitatem meam positum videtur.
Vid. BELOW.
BENEDICTION, bona omina; sollemnes preces.
BENEFACTION, beneficium.
BENEFACTOR, homo beneficus: of anyone, qui beneficia in aliquem confert or contulit, qui beneficiis (or -o) aliquem affecit, auxit, ornavit.
BENEFICE, beneficium (not præbenda).
A beneficed man, beneficiarius.
BENEFICENCE, beneficentia, liberalitas, benignitas. Syn. in BENEFICENT.
BENEFICENT, beneficus (beneficent; fond of doing good to others: qui alterius causa benigne facit, Cicero.): liberalis (giving largely from a generous disposition):
Benignus (kind from goodness of heart; liberal).
BENEFICIAL, utilis, efficax, salutaris, saluber. To be beneficial, utilem esse, usui esse, esse ex usu alicujus: esse ex re or in rem alicujus (of a thing): alicui prodesse (of persons and things): conducere alicui.
BENEFICIALLY, utiliter, salubriter, commode, bene.
BENEFIT, beneficium. To confer a benefit on one, beneficium alicui dare, tribuere, in aliquem conferre or deferre; beneficio aliquem afficere; benefacere alicui. Your benefits to me, tua in me officia; tua erga me raerita. As a benefit, pro beneficio; in beneficii loco. || Use, advantage, utilitas, usus; commodum, emolumentum.
BENEFIT, v., conducere, juvare, adjuvare; utilem esse, ex usu esse, usui esse, prodesse, saluti esse. INTR., to benefit by a thing, in rem suam convertere aliquid, fructum capere ex re.
BENEVOLENCE, caritas generis humani, humanitas, benignitas, beneficentia.
BENEVOLENT, benevolus (alicui), humanus, benignus, liberalis, beneficus.
In a benevolent manner, benevole ( not benevolentius, benevolentissime): benigne.
BENIGHT, || darken, obscurare; tenebras offundere, obducere; noctem offundere.
|| Benighted (overtaken by night), nocte oppressus.
BENIGN, benignus, humanus, liberalis, amicus, beneficus.
BENIGNITY, benignitas, liberalitas, humanitas, beneficentia. Syn. in BENEFICENT.
BENIGNLY, benigne, humane, humaniter, liberaliter.
BENT, s., [Vid. BEND, s.] || Side of a hill, declivitas (downward slope), acclivitas (upward slope). || Strain (of the powers), contentio. || Inclination, will, inclinatio animi or voluntatis, voluntas, animus, studium, impetus animi; consilium, certum consilium, animus certus.
|| Turn, make, way, conformatio, forma; natura, ingenium; modus, ratio, consuetudo.
BENUMB, torporem affere alicui rei, torpore hebetare aliquid; obstupefacere.
Benumbed, rigidus, rigens; torpidus, obstupefactus.
To be benumbed, rigidum esse, rigere, torpere, torpidum esse; stupere: to become so, rigescere, obrigescere, torposcere, obtorpescere, stupescere, obstupescere.
The hand is benumbed, manus obtorpuit. My eyes were benumbed, torpuerant genæ doloro. To become benumbed with fear, præ metu obtorpescere.
BEQUEATH, legare: a legacy to one, alicui logatum scribere: his whole property to one, aliquem heredem ex asse instituere; aliquem heredem omnibus bonis instituere. He who bequeaths, legator.
To whom something is bequeathed, legatarius.
BEQUEST, legatum.
BEREAVE, privare aliquem aliqua re; spoliare (and, more strongly, despoliare, exspoliare) aliquem or aliquid, or aliquem re; eripere alicui aliquid; detrahere alicui aliquid or (more rarely) aliquid de aliquo; orbare aliquem aliqua, re (of something dear; of children; so, also, of hope, etc.); multare aliquem re (as a punishment).
Bereft, orbus, orbatus, etc.: of his children, liberis orbatus: of understanding, mente captus: of hope, spe orbatus:
wholly, spe dejectus.
BEREAVEMENT, BEREAVING, privatio, spoliatio, orbatio.
BERGAMOT (pear), pirum Falernum.
BERRY, bacca, baccula (little berry):
acinus (of those which grow in clusters).
Bay-berry, bacca lauri. Blackberry, morum rubi, rubum. Bilberry plant, vaccinium myrtillus (Linnæus): the berry, bacca myrtilli. Bearing berries, baccatus, baccalis.
BERYL, beryllus; chrysoberyllus (golden beryl).
BESEECH, implorare, obsecrare, obtestari, exposcere, supplicare, orare.
BESEEM, decere aliquem, convenire alicui. Vid. BECOME.
BESET, obsidere, circum sedere, obsidionem (urbi) inferre, operibus cingere, oppugnare, oppugnatione premere, circumvenire.
|| Harass, vex, vexare, agitare, exagitare. To beset with entreaties, precibus fatigare: with letters, inquiries, obtundere literis, rogitando. || Embarrass, in angustias pellere or compellere; urgere, premere; includere (especially in a debate). To be hard beset, in angustias adductum esse, in angustiis esse or versari.
Very hard beset, ad extremum redactus: in ultimum discrimen adductus (ad incitas redactus, an old expression of common life in Plautus, brought again into use by late writers).
BESHREW, exsecrari aliquem or in aliquem, male precari alicui. Beshrew me, dii me perdant.
BESIDE, BESIDES, prep. (nigh to, by the side of), juxta, prope, propter, secundum, præter; ad latus alicujus.
To sit beside one, ad alicujus latus sedere.
To walk beside one, a latere alicujus incedere.
To recline beside one, alicui accubare.
Two sons lying beside their father, duo filii propter patrem cubantes.
The princes stood beside the king, principes adstabant regi. To build beside the river, secundum flumen ædificare. || Except, præter (in negative sentences: in affirmative = besides this): extra: nisi, præterquam. [Vid. EXCEPT]. Nobody thinks so besides myself, hoc nemini præter me videtur. || Not according to, from, ab. Beside the purpose, ab re. This is beside the subject, hoc nihil ad rem. || To be beside himself, sui or mentis non compotem esse, non compotem esse animo (e.g., præ gaudio, for joy) non apud se esse, mente captum esse.
BESIDE, BESIDES, adv., præterea, ad hoc, ad hæc, secundum ea, accedit, accedit quod, huc accedit quod, insuper, ultra, porro. Besides that, præterquam quod, super quam quod. There were manythings besides which, etc., multa erant præter hæc, quæ, etc. Except the captain and a few besides, extra ducem paucosque præterea. And then, besides, the dowry is lost, tum præterea, dos periit.
And, besides, my wife would hear of it, atque id porro uxor mea rescisceret.
Besides being old, he was also blind, ad senectutem accedebat etiam, ut cæcus esset. Besides, I love my father, accedit quod patrem amo.
BESIEGE, obsidere (lay siege to), obsidionem (urbi) inferre, operibus cingere:
hold in blockade, obsidere, in obsidione habere or tenere. The besieged, obsessi, circumsessi, obsidione pressi.
BESIEGER, obsessor, obsidens (one who blockades); oppugnator (who attacks, storms a city).
BESMEAR, linere, oblinere, perlinere, ungere, perungere. Cf. Linere, to cover with a sticky, adhesive substance: ungere, to cover, etc., with a greasy, oily substance.
BESOM, scopæ.
BESOT, infatuare, occæcare. Besotted, fatuus, vecors, socors; amens, demens.
BESPATTER, aspergere aliqua re, or aspergere aliquid alicui. Bespattered with mud, luto aspersus (Horatius).
BESPEAK, curari or accurari jubere; mandare. || Forebode, portendere.
|| Indicate, indicare, indicio or indicium esse, significare.
BESPEW, convomere.
BESPIT, conspuere, consputare.
BESPREAD, spargere, conspergere, sternere, consternere.
BESPRINKLE, spargere, conspergere.
BEST, optimus (generally); pulcherrimus (finest); jucundissimus, suavissimus (most agreeable); lætissimus (most joyful); excellentissimus, præstantissimus (most distinguished, most perfect); saluberrimus (most wholesome); comraodissimus (most suitable, convenient); utilissimus (most profitable). The best (of) meal, flos farinæ. The best of the youth, flos (ac robur) juventutis. The best years (of life), flos ætatis, ætas florens. Things are not in the best state, haud læta est rerum facies. To the best of my remembrance, ut nunc maxime memini, ut mea memoria est. To the best of my power, pro viribus; quantum in me situm est; ut potero. What think you, is best to be done? quid faciendum censes? They knew not what was best to do, nesciebant, quid præstaret. To do his best, summa ope anniti; omni ope atque opera eniti, ut, etc.; nihil inexpertum omittere. It is best for you to be silent, optime tacueris.
To put the best construction upon, in meliorem (mitiorem) partem accipere or interpretari.
To make the best of every thing, lucrum undecumque captare, utilitatem in omnibus rebus sectari. My best friend! optime! carissime! At best, summum, ad summum, quum plurimum.
|| Best, adv., optime, etc. Best of all (chiefly), potissime, potissimum. Best, beyond comparison, tam bene, ut nihil supra.
BESTIAL, Vid. BEASTLY, BRUTAL.
BESTIR one’s self, movere se (of the body); expergisci; omnes nervos intendere.
Not to bestir one’s self (sit idle), desidem sedere. Not to bestir one’s self much in a thing, levi brachio agere aliquid.
BESTOW, (confer, give), dare, tribuere, conferre, impertire, donare, dono dare, largiri: a benefit upon one, beneficium collocare apud aliquem, alicui dare or tribuere, conferre in aliquem: rich presents on one, muneribus magnis cumulare aliquem. || Lay out, apply, insumere, impendere, consumere, locare, collocare, conferre: time on something, tempus conterere, consumere in re: care, diligence on something, in aliqua re diligentiam adhibere, industriam locare, studium collocare: time well, tempus bene locare or collocare: money better, pecuniam melius insumere. || Give (a woman) in marriage, collocare in matrimonium, collocare; nuptum dare, locare or collocare.
To bestow one’s self (of a woman), alicui nubere; (of a man), aliquem ducere in matrimonium or ducere. || Place, lay, put away, ponere, reponere, condere; inferre.
BESTRIDE, cruribus divaricatis super aliquid stare. || Step over, transgredi:
the threshold, intrare limen.
BET, s., sponsio (the wager); pignus (the stake). To make a bet, sponsionem facere (with one, cum aliquo). To win a bet, sponsionem or sponsione vincere. To lay any bet, quovis pignore certare.
BET, v., sponsionem facere (cum aliquo), pignore certare or contendere (cum aliquo). To bet something, aliquid in pignus dare. Say what you will bet me, tu dic, quo pignore mecum certes.
BETAKE himsilf to any place, se conferre aliquo, petere locum, capessere locum; concedere aliquo (retire to a place):
ire, proficisci aliquo (go, travel any whither):
to a person, se conferre, accedere ad aliquem; adire, convenire aliquem: to the country, rus ire, concedere rus. He betook himself to Argos to dwell there. Argos habitatum concessit. || Fly to, have recourse to, fugere, confugere, perfugere, refugere, ad or in locum; se recipere aliquo (to retreat to): a person or thing, perfugere, confugere, refugere ad aliquem or aliquid; alicujus rei perfugio uti. || Apply to, se conferre ad aliquid, animum ad aliquid attendere, adjicere, applicare; cogitationes ad aliquid dirigere, ad or in aliquid intendere.
BETHINK himself, reminisci alicujus rei or aliquid; memoriam rei repetere, revocare; res mihi redit in memoriam; venit mihi in mentem res, rei, de re; resipiscere, ad se redire, se colligere. To bethink himself better, sententiam mutare; a sua sententila discedere; pœnitet; consilium mutare.
BETIDE,Vid. BEFALL.
BETIMES, mature, tempestive. || Soon, brevi (tempore), mox, jam jamque. || Betimes in the morning, bene mane.
BETOKEN, indicare, indicium or indicio esse, signilicare. || Foretoken, portendere, prænuntiare, alicujus rei esse prænuntium.
BETRAY (to enemies), prodere, tradere.
|| Leave in the lurch, destituere. || Reveal,
disclose, prodere (as, crimen, vultu, conscios, furem); enuntiare (as, commissa; to one, alicui); deferre aliquid or de aliqua re (as an informer; to one, ad aliquem): proferre (as, secreta animi, consilia). To betray one’s self, se prodere.
Your voice betrays you, te voce noscito, te ex voce cognosco. || To be the mark of, esse (with genitive). It betrays a dull brain to, etc., est tardi ingenii (with infinitive). || To lead away, aliquem in or ad aliquam rem inducere, illicere, pellicere.
BETRAYER, proditor.
BETROTH, spondere alicui aliquam, despondere alicui aliquam (despondere is used also of the father of the man, Terentianus, And., i., 1, 75). To betroth one’s self, sponsalia facere: to a woman, despondere sibi aliquam. To be betrothed to a man, alicui desponderi. She was already betrothed to the youth, jam destinata erat juveni. A man betrothed, desponsus (desponsatus is post-classical in Suetonius, and rare), sponsus. A (woman) betrothed to a man, sponsa, desponsa alicui. The parties betrothed, sponsi. To whom Lavinia was betrothed, cui Lavinia pacta fuerat.
To betroth a person to anybody, despondere aliquem alicui.
BETTER (as to the outward sense), melior; pulchrior (more beautiful): jucundior, suavior (more agreeable): lætior (more joyful). Better times, tempora lætiora, feliciora: weather, tempestas lætior, cœlum mitius. || In respect of the nature, destination, object, and also the use, of a thing, melior; potior, superior; præstantior, præstabilior; opportunior, commodior, magis idoneus (more suitable, convinient): salubrior (more wholesome):
utilior (more useful, profitable): a better season, commodius anni tempus: to be better as a soldier than as a politician, meliorem esse bello, quam pace: to choose a better place for his camp, magia idoneum locum castris deligere. To be better in something than another, vincete, superare, præstare aliquem aliqua re. To make better, corrigere (of correcting what is altogether wrong and faulty): emendare (of removing whatever faults anything may have). [Vid. to BETTER]. We are better off, meliore sumus conditione, meliore loco sunt res nostræ. It is better, melius or satius est, præstat. To have a better opinion of one, æquius, benignius judicare de aliquo. || In a moral view, melior, potior, præstabilior. To be better, meliorem, præferendum esse; præstare, antecellere.
To become better, meliorem fieri, ad bonam frugem se recipere, se colligere, in viam redire. || As to health, etc., melior. I am better, melius mihi fit; melius me habeo; meliuscule (somewhat better) mihi est. I am getting better, convalesco ex morbo); melior fio; sanitatem recipio; ex incommoda valetudine emergo. || The better (the advantage, superiority). The Romans had the better in the less important battles, parvis prœliis Romana res superior erat. To get, have the better, aliquem vincere, superare; superiorem fieri; superiorem or victorem discedere; superiorem fieri bello (in the war). The patricians had the better of it, victoria penes patres erat. Anger had the better of pity, plus ira quam misericordia valebat.
BETTER, v., melius facere or efficere, corrigere (to correct what is all wrong), emendare (to remove the faults of what is partially wrong). To better his wags, mores suos mutare, in viam redire, ad bonam frugem se recipere: his circumstances, amplificare fortunam, augere opes. His circumstances are bettered, ejus res sunt meliore loco. That may be bettered, emendabilis, sanabilis. Past bettering, insanabilis. || Advance, augere, ampliorem facere: ampliare rem (Horatius).
BETTER, adv., melius, etc. Somewhat better, meliuscule. || At a better pace, citius.
The thing begins to go on better, res melius ire iucipit. To attend better, diligentius attendere. To think better of one, æquius, benignius, judicare de aliquo.
To know better, rectius scire, nosse, intelligere.
To get on bater, citius progredi (of a person’s progress): res melius ire incipit (of an undertaking).
BETTERS, superiores loco or dignitate, or superiores.
BETTOR, qui pignore contendit or certat.
BETWEEN, inter. Between the city and the Tiber, inter urbem ac Tiberim.
Between hope and fear, inter spem metumque.
|| Also by other turns of expression:
Between the armies lay a bridge, pons in medio erat. To see all above, beneath, between, omnia supera, infera, media videre.
A plain lies between the city and the river, planities urbem et fluvium dirimit.
A space between, intervallum, spatium interjectum; κυρικιμασαηικο tempus interjectum. The nose set between the eyes, nasus oculis interjectus.
There is a friendship between you and him, tibi cum illo amicitia est: intercedit illi tecum amicitia: there is a likeness between us, inter nos similes sumus. Many words passed between us, multa verba ultro citroque habita sunt. To make a distinction between two things, duas res discernere.
Between ourselves, quod inter nos liceat dicere: this is between ourselves, hæc tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi soli dictum puta.
BEVERAGE, potus, potio.
BEVY, grex. || Company, caterva, circulus, grex, globus.
BEWAIL, TR., deplorare: deflere (the former expressing more of passionate sorrow):
lamentari (of a long-continued wailing: aliquid: also like our ” lament”, e. g., alicujus cæcitatem): ægre or acerbe ferre: dolere: lugere (grieve for, etc.):
complorare (of several). To bewail anybody’s death, deflere, complorare alicujus mortem; de morte alicujus fiere; alicujus morti illacrimari; alicujus mortem cum fletu deplorare: to bewail the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes pariter vivos mortuosque: one’s own and one’s country’s calamities, deplorare se patriamque (cf. Livius, 2, 40): one’s misfortune, deplorare de suis incommodis.
|| INTR., flere: plorare.
BEWARE, cavere (sibi), præcavere.
If you are wise you will beware of him, si sapis, illum cavebis. To beware that one does not hurt you: to beware of anybody, cavere aliquem. You must beware of him, tibi ab isto cavendum. Beware how you believe, cave credas. They beware of something, cavetur aliquid. Beware what you do, vide quid agas. Beware of an inquisitive person, percunetatorem fugito.
BEWILDER, Vid. PERPLEX.
BEWITCH, fascinare, effascinare (properly, by “an evil eye,” fascinus: then also by words and other means which should be expressed, visu, lingua, voce atque lingua); incantare (by spells: first in Appuleius, for incantati lapilli in Horatius has not this
meaning). An eye bewitches my lambs, oculus mihi fascinat agnos. || Fig„ capere, rapere, delinire, permulcere: of bewitching beauty (puella, etc.), cujus forma rapit (after Propertius, 2, 26, 44), or pulchritadine, forma, venustate insignis.
BEWRAY, Vid. BETRAY, SHOW.
BEYOND (with motion in a certain direction), trans; super. To go beyond, transire, transgredi. || On the other side, trans; ultra (preposition and adverb).
One that is beyond, qui trans aliquid est, ulterior. I was beyond sea, trans mare fui. Beyond this villa is another, ultra hanc villam est alia. Beyond the sea, trans mare, transmarinus. || More than, above, supra; plus, amplius. Beyond ten thousand, supra decem millia, amplius decem millia. There is nothing beyond wisdom, sapientia nihil præstantius. To honor any one beyond all others, aliquem primo loco habere, ponere; aliquem præter ceteros omnes colere. Beyond due measure, supra modum. Beyond what is sufficient, ultra quam satis est: is credible, supra qoam credibile est. To go beyond (surpass, excel), superare, præstare, antecellere.
Nothing can go beyond, nihil ultra potest, nihil potest supra or supra potest.
Do not aim at what is beyond your reach, ne sutor ultra crepidam. Beyond his strength, supra vires. To go beyond his strength, vires excedere. Beyond all doubt, sine ulla dubitatione. Splendid beyond description, supra quam ut describi possit eximius.
BIAS, momentum. || Inclination, inclinatio animi or voluntatis. A bias toward anything, inclinatio ingenii, animi, etc., in aliquid (after Seneca, inclinatio ingeniorum in quædam vitia).
BIAS, v., inclinare se. To be biased in facor of the Stoics (to incline to their side), inclinare se ad Stoicos. Biased in favor of the Carthaginians, ad Pœnos inclinatior.
The judge is biased in our favor, judex inclinatione voluntatis propendet in nos. To be biased (prejudiced), opinione præjudicata duci.
BIB, s., (for a child’s breast), cinctus or fascia pectoralis infantum.
BIB, v., || to drink, potare, bibere; sorbillare (sip). Always bibbing, bibax.
BIBBER, potor, potator.
BIBLE, literæ sanctæ, divinæ; libri divini; arcanæ sanctæ religionis literæ (Lactantius): biblia, plural (Moderni Latin).
BIBULOUS, bibulus.
BICKER, minutis
prœliis inter se pugnare: velitari (præ-classical: nescio quid vos velitati estis inter vos duos, Plautus).
|| Quarrel, inter se altercari, rixari, jurgiis certare: convicio decertare. || Quiver, coruscare, tremere.
BICKERING, prœlium leve, levins, parvulum; pugna concursatoria, procursatio: brawl, jurgium, rixa.
BID, || invite, invitare or vocare: to supper, invitare or vocare aliquem (ad cœnam): to my house, aliquem invito domum meam. || Command, order jubere, imperare, præcipere, dicere, mandare.
If you would have done as I bade you, si meum imperium exsequi voluisses.
You had best do as I bid you, tu fac ut dixi, si sapis. Do as he shall bid you, quod imperabit facito. Run and bid the woman come hither, curre, mulierem arcesse.
|| To bid at a sale, licere, licitari, licitationem facere. To bid against one, aliquo licente contra liceri: to bid an as, liceri asse. To bid upon, aliquid liceri. FIG., to bid fair, promittere aliquem or aliquid; spem facere, dare alicujus rei; aliquid sperare jubere, bene de se sperare jubere. || Proclaim, pronuntiare.
|| Denounce, denuntiare. Bid defiance to a person, provocare aliquem (challenge): contumacem esse in aliquem; alicui resistere: a thing, contumacem esse adversus aliquid (e.g., imperia patris): contumaciter spernere (e.g., imperia validiorum): contemnere aliquid (e.g., omnia jura humana); obviam ire alicui rei, se offerre alicui rei (e.g., periculis). || I bid one welcome, aliquem salvere jubeo, alicui salutem do, benigne ali quem excipio. To bid good-morrow, salu to, salvere jubeo.
BIDDER, vocator: licitator, licens.
BIDDING, invitatio; jussus, jussum, imperium, imperatum; licitatio: pronuntiatio, etc.
BIER, feretrum; lectica (for the rich), sandapila (for the poor).
BIG, magnus (without any accessory notion: opposed to parvus): grandis (with the accessory notion of strength and grandour: opposed to exilis, minutus, exiguus, etc.): amplus (with the notion of comeliness, making an imposing impression):
ingens (unnaturally large, huge): immanis (fearfully large): vastus (so large as to be deficient in regularity of form). The words are found in this connection and order), vastus et immanis: amplus et grandis: spatiosus (roomy): procerus (tall, but only of things that grow). As big as, instar (with genitive). The epistle was as big as a book, instar voluminis erat epistola.
To be as big as something else, complere magnitudinem alicujus rei. This gown is too big for me, hæc toga major est quam pro corpore meo. Somewhat big, subgrandis. Very big, parmagnus, pergrandis: hugely so, ingens: immoderately so, prægrandis: monstrously so, vastus, immanis. A big man, homo magni corporis, homo grandis, homo procerus.
That has a big head, nose, capito, naso.
Grown big, adultus, grandis. To grow big, pubescero. Somewhat bigger, grandiusculus.
Bigger cups, scyphi capaciores.
|| Pregnant, gravida, prægnans. Clouds big with rain, gravidæ nubes, graves imbre nubes: the south wind is big with showers, notus parturit imbres. A day big with fate, dies fatalis. || Full, plenus, gravis. || Swollen (as with rage, etc.), tunens, tumidus. || Puffed up, tumid, tumens, tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. Big talk, verborum tumor, oratio inflata, ampullæ; jactatio, venditatio. Big looks, supercilium grande.
BIGAMY, bigamia,
BIGNESS, magnitudo, amplitudo, crassitudo.
BIGOT, homo superstitiosus.
BIGOTED, superstitiosus.
BIGOTRY, nimia et superstitiosa religio.
BILBERRY, baca myrtilli: plant, vaccinium myrtillus.
BILE, bilis. Full of bile, biliosus. A bilious fever, febris ex bile redundante nata, febris biliosa.
|| Sore, ulcus, furunculus.
BILGE-WATER, sentina.
BILL (of a bird), rostrum. Little bill, rostellum.
BILL, v., rostrum conserere rostro.
|| To bill and coo (of persons), columbatim labra conserere labris. Vid. to COO.
BILL, || a hook, falx, falx rostrata.
|| Battle-axe, bipennis.
BILL, || roll, index (genitive); numeri (of soldiers): of account, index mercium emtarum, libellus rationarius, tabella rationaria: present a bill, inferre rationem.
A bill of fare, index ciborum: of divorce, literæ quibus repudium remittitur: to send one, alicui nuntium or repudium remittere: of exchange, syngrapha.
A bill payable at sight, syngrapha, quæ præsens, or præsenti die debetur; or pecunia, quæ ex syngrapha præsens, or præsenti die debetur: a bill payable at twenty-one days, syngrapha, cui dies vicesima prima apposita est, or quæ in diem vicesimam primam debeter (all after Martialis, Dig., 20, 1, 13: si dies apposita legato non est, præsens debetur, Ulpianus, 45, 1, 4; quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, præsenti die pecunia debetur, Paul., 7, 1, 4; quod vel præsens vel ex die dari potest).
Bill of indictment, libellus. Bills of mortality, indices mortuoruni. || Proposed law, rogatio, lex. To bring in a bill, legem or rogationem ferre: to pass it, rogationem or legem accipere; legem sciscere (of the people): to carry it through, rogationem or legem perferre: to reject it, legem or rogationem antiquare.
BILLET, epistolium, codicilli; libellus (especially of the emperor). Billet-doux, tabellæ amatorie scriptæ, tabellæ blandæ, epistola blanda. || Ticket for quarters, tessera hospitii militaris. || Log of wood. Vid. below.
BILLET (small log), lignum, lignum fissum. || Other meanings see under the foregoing word.
BILLET, v.,
tessera hospitii militem lonare; milites per hospitia disponere.
To billet his soldiers upon the towns, milites per oppida dispertire, in oppidis collocare.
BILLOW, fluctus.
BILLOWY, fluctuosus.
BIND, || chain, fetter, colligare, vincire, constringere. OBSERVE, ligare, copulare, to bind for the purpose of keeping together: vincire = coercere, to bind for the purpose of hindering free movement:
so nectere in the old times of the Republic; afterward, with the stronger nexare, to entwine, etc., e.g., flores, coronam: one with fetters, chains, aliquem vinculis colligare, catenis vincire, vinculis or catenis constringere.
To bind one hand and foot, quadrupedem aliquem constringere.
Figuratively, to bind up (tie the hands of), aliquem circumscribere; aliquem coëncere.
|| Fasten, tie, ligare, alligare, deligare, illigare; astringere; revincire: a napkin about the neck, ligare sudarium circum collum. To bind one to the stake, aliquem alligare ad palum. To bind one’s hands behind his back, manus religare, manus illigare, or religare post tergum. || Fasten together into a whole, colligare, vincire: the hair into a knot, crines in nodum cogere: hay, fœnum vincire: sheaves, manipulos colligere, vincire. To bind a book, librum compingere. || Cement, ligare, vincire. || Fix, colligare. To bind a sandy soil, solum arenosum arboribus, herbis, etc., colligare. || To bind up, alligare, deligare; obligare: a wound, obligare, or ligare vulnus: the eye, oculum alligare. To bind up the book in one volume, librum eodem volumine complecti.
My welfare is bound up in yours, tua salute continetur mea. To bind up flax into bundles, linum in fasciculos manuales colligare. || To inwrap, envelope, involvere; induere alicui aliquid. || To connect, unite, res inter se jungere, colligare; conjungere, connectere aliquid cum aliqua re. All the virtues are bound together, omnes virtutes inter se nexæ sunt. || To restrict, confine, astringere, obstringere: by an oath, obstringere jurejurando. To be bound (tied, confined) by something, constrictum, obstrictum esse, teneri aliqua re (as a vow, promise, etc.). || To constrain, oblige, alligrare, obligare, obstringere, devincire. The law binds any one, lex tenet aliquem. To be bound to a fixed poetic measure, alligatum esse ad certam pedum necessitatem.
To be bound to the observance of a league, fœdere alligatum or illigatum esse. To bind a man by an oath, aliquem sacramento adigere. To bind one’s self to do a thing, se obligare alicui rei (or with ut); se obstringere in aliquid (by oath, sacramento; to a crime, in scelus). I am bound to do this, hoc meum est. To be bound (obliged) to one, alicujus beneticiis obligatum esse. To be bound to serve one, alicui obnoxium esse. || To make costive, astringere. To bind the body, alvum astringere. || To bind over, vadari.
BINDER, qui ligat, colligat, illigat, etc.; alligator. Vid., BOOKBINDER.
BIND-WEED, convolvulus (Livius).
BIOGRAPHER, qui vitam alicujus narart, enarrat. I am my own biographer, meam vitam ipse narro.
BIOGRAPHY, vitarum scriptio or descriptio; vitæ: of a man, vita alicujus, vitæ alicujus descriptio et imago.
BIPED, bipes.
BIRCH, betula. Birchen,
e betula factus.
A birch-rod, virga betulæ.
BIRD, avis, volucris (volucris, any winged animal: e.g., some insects); ales (especially a large bird); præpes (from the flight of which omens were derived); oscen (from whose song and note omens, etc.). A little bird, avicula. The catching of birds, aucupium. To catch birds, aucupari. A bird-catcher, auceps. A bird-cage, cavea. Bird-lime, viscus. Bird-call, fistula aucupatoria. || Fellow, homo, homuneio. To kill two birds with one stone, vid. STONE.
BIRTH, || a coming into life, ortus. A father by birth, pater natura.
The hour of one’s birth, hora, qua aliquis natus (genitus) est. From one’s birth up, inde ab incunabulis. Before anybody’s birth, ante aliquem natum, ante quam aliquis natus est. Birth-day, dies quo aliquis natus (genitus) est; dies natalis, also natalis. Birth-day present, munus natalicium. Birth-place, locus quo (urbs in qua) aliquis genitus est; urbs patria.
Athens is his birth-place, natus est Athenis.
|| Origin, rise, beginning, origo, ortus, initium. || Extraction, descent, ortus; genus; stirps. Of high birth, nobili genere natus, nobili or hand obscuro loco natus. Of low, ignoble birth, ignobili, humili, obscuro loco natus; obscuris ortus majoribus. By birth a Tusculan, by citizenship a Roman, ortu Tusculanus, civitate Romanus. A Macedonian by birth, natione Macedo. || Creature born, partus; infans editus. An untimely birth, abortus. || A bringing forth, partio, partus, partura. || The after-birth, secundæ (scilicet, partus). || New-birth, nova generatio: but regeneratio may be kept as a technical term in theology.
BIRTH-RIGHT, jus quod ex genere est. || Primogeniture, jus filii majoris or maximi (right of primogeniture):
principatus astatis (primogenitura barbarous): ætatis prærogativa (Ulpianus).
BISCUIT, buccellatum (late), panis castrensis (for soldiers); panis nauticus (sea-biscuit).
|| Confectioner’s biscuit, panis dulciarius.
BISECT, medium secare.
BISHOP, episcopus. A bishop’s dignity, pontificatus. A bishop’s crosier, lituus episcopi.
BISMUTH, vismutum.
BISSEXTILE, year, annus intercalaris; annus bissextus; day, dies intercalaris, dies bissextus, bissextum.
BIT, || of a bridle, orea. A bridle with a sharp bit, frenum lupatum.
BIT, v., || To bit a horse, oream ori equi inserere.
BIT, || mouthful, offa, frustum, bolus (Plautus, Terentianus, præ-classical), buccea (Suetonius).
Little bit, offula. Bit by bit, offatim, frustatim.
|| Morsel, little piece, mica, uncia; frustum. A bit of bread, uncia panis. || A little, paullulum. Not a bit, ne tantillum quidem, ne minimum quidem.
To wait a bit, paulum or paulisper opperiri.
BITCH, Bitch-dog, canis femina (or merely canis, if joined with an adjective, which determines its gender). A bitch-wolf, lupa.
BITE, mordere (of the teeth, of cold, of bitter words, of the taste): pungere (of the taste, mind): into something, dente mordere, morsu arripere aliquid. Dogs bite, canes mordent. To bite the dust (of a dying man), mordere humum. To bite off, mordicus auferre; demordere; præmordere (bite off the fore part).
BITE, s., morsus. To kill by a bite, morsu necare, mordicus interficere.
BITING, mordens, mordax (properly and figuratively); acidus (as to taste); aculeatus (figuratively, cutting, stinging).
Biting words, verborum aculei. Biting wit, asperiores facetiæ. A biting jest, jocus mordens. Biting vinegar, mordax or acidum acetum. A biting axe, securis mordax.
BITTER, || in taste, amarus, acerbus.
A bitter taste, sapor amarus or acerbus:
taste in the mouth, os amarum. To become bitter, amarescere, inamarescere.
Somewhat bitter, subamarus. Bitter sweet, ex dulci amarus. || Violent, severe, acerbus; gravis. Bitter want, summa egestas, mendicitas. Bitter hate, acerbum odium. A bitter enemy, acerbus inimicus.
Bitter cold, frigus acerbum. || Biting, cutting, reproachful, acerbus, amarus, mordax, aculeatus.
BITTERLY, amare; acerbe; aspere; graviter. To wound one’s feelings bitterly, alicui acerbum dolorem inurere. To weep bitterly, effusissime flere. To accuse one bitterly, acerbe or graviter accusare aliquem. To reproach one bitterly, aspere vituperare aliquem. Bitterly angry, periratus, iracundia inflammatus.
BITTERNESS, amaritudo (properly and figuratively), amaritas (properly: this [Vitruvius] and amarities, Catullus; less good titan amaritudo); acerbitas (harshness, unfriendliness; calamilous state); gravitas (violence, vehemence); ira, bilis, odium (anger, hate); ægritudo, mœror (grief).
A bitterness of tone, amaritudo vocia. To write to one with great bitterness, acerbissime alicui scribere.
BITTERN, ardea stellaris (Linnæus).
BITUMEN, bitumen.
BITUMINOUS, bitumineus, bituminatus, bituminosus.
BIVOUAC, excubiæ in armis.
BIVOUAC, v., in armis excubare, pro castris excubare.
BLAB, v. a., efferre (foras or in vulgus), proferre (foras), enuntiare (foras).
BLAB, s., vulgator, famigerator; garrulus
(prattler).
BLACK, ater (opposed to albus; figuratively, mournful, calamitous): niger (opposed to candidus): pullus (dirty, dingy black, by nature or by dirt): fuscus (blackish; e.g., of a skin burned by the sun):
atratus, pullatus (dressed in black): atrox (atrocious, horrible): scelestus (accursed):
tristis, tetricua (gloomy, sullen). To become black, nigrescere. To be black, nigrere.
To be somewhat black, nigricare.
Black and blue, lividus. The black art, ars magica. In black and white, scriptus:
to have a thing under black and white, fidem literarum habere. A sky black with clouds, cœlum obscurum. Blackberry, morum rubi, rubum: bush, rubus. Blackbird, merula. Blacksmith, faber ferrarius.
Black-thorn, prunus silvestris; prunus spinosa (Linnæus).
BLACK, s., color niger; atramentum.
|| Black dress, pulla vestis, pulla (plural); vestis or cultus lugubris, squalor, sordes. Dressed in black (mourning), sordidatus; pullatus, atratus, veste lugubri vestitus. || The black of a thing, atrum, nigrum. || A negro, Æthiops, Afer.
BLACKEN, v., || make black, denigrare; infuscare (make blackish). || Darken, obscure, nigrum facere. The heavens were blackened, cœlum nubibus obductum erat. || Defame, de fama or existimatione alicujus detrahere; conflare or conciliare alicui invidiam.
BLACKISH, subniger, nigricans; fuscus (dark-colored, dusky).
BLACKNESS, nigritia; nigror, nigritudo, color niger. || Moral, atrocitias, fœditas, immanitas.
BLADDER, vesica. A little bladder, vesicula.
BLADE, || of grasses, herba; graminis herba (of grass): culmus (green stalk of corn). To be in the blade, in herba esse.
|| Of an oar, palma, palmula. || Of a knife or sword, lamina. || The sword itself, ferrum, ensis. || Brisk fellow, homo lascivus, petulans, levis, etc.; homo. || The shoulder-blade, scapula.
BLAIN, pustula; papula (from heat).
BLAMABLE, BLAMEWORTHY, reprehendendus, vituperandus, reprehensione or vituperatione dignus; vitiosus (faulty): malus (bad).
BLAME, v. a., reprehendere (to blame in a friendly way, for the purpose of setting a man right): vituperare (to rebuke for the purpose of bringing a man to a confession of his fault, to shame, and repentance): culpare (to lay the blame on, aliquem or aliquid: to be blamed for anything, culpari ob aliquid; in aliquo: deserredly, merito): increpare (in a loud, railing way); improbare (to declare disapprobation of). To blame one in a firiendly manner, aliquem amice reprehendere.
To blame one for a thing, reprehendere aliquem de aliqua re or in aliqua re. I am not to be blamed for this, a me hæc culpa procul est. To be to blame, in vitio esse: in culpa esse. We are so much the more to blame, nobis eo minus ignoscendum est.
BLAME, s., reprehensio: vituperatio, culpatio, objurgatio. To fall into blame, reprehendi, vituperari, in vituperationem venire, cadere, incidere. To deserve blame, in vitio esse. I confess myself to blame for these things, hæc mea culpa fateor fieri.
To lay the blame upon one, culpam in aliquem conferre, transferre (this latter, from one’s self on another): culpam alicui attribuere, assignare. One passes the blame over to the other, causam alter in alterum confert. || Fault, vitium, culpa; noxia, noxa; crimen.
BLAMELESS, non reprehendendus, non vituperandus; probus; ab omni vitio vacuus; integer; sanctus. A blameless course of life, summa morum probitas, vitæ sanctitas. To live a blameless life, sancte vivere.
BLANCH, album, pallidum facere, reddere;
insolare (to bleach in the sun).
BLAND, lenis, mitis, placidus, blandus.
BLANDISHMENT, blanditiæ, blandimentum.
BLANK, || not written on, inanis (generally), vacuus (which can be, or is yet to be written on), purus. || Downcast, crushed, demissus, fractus, qui animo deficit, perculsus, profligatus; tristis, spe alienus. || Pale, pallidus, pallens. || Confused, perturbatus, (animo) confusus.
BLANK, s., charta or tabella inanis, vacua, pura; spatium inane. || In a lottery, sors inanis. I draw a blank, sors sine lucro exit. || Vain thing, res inanis, res vana.
BLANK, v., aliquem or alicujus animum affligere; alicujus animum frangere, infringere; alicujus mentem animumque perturbare; consternare, percutere.
BLANKET, lodix lanea. To toss in a blanket, aliquem distentæ lodici impositum in sublime jactare (after Suetonius Oth, 2).
BLASE, *a voluptario genere vitæ detritus jam et retorridus (after Gellius, 15, 30, 1).
BLASPHEME, blasphemare (Scriptores Ecclesiastici); convicium facere Deo.
BLASPHEMER, blasphemus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici).
BLASPHEMOUS, blasphemus.
BLASPHEMY, blasphemia (Hieronymus, Augustinus): blasphemium (Prudentius):
Blasphematio (Tertullianus, causa blasphemationis).
BLAST, impetus venti; ventua, flamen (violent blowing): flatus (blowing; also of favorable winds: flabra, plural, gentle blowing, sometimes puffs of wind; poetical).
|| Of an instrument, flamen; sonitus; clangor. || Stroke of a planet, etc., tactus, afflatus (e.g., solis, lunæ, etc.). || Of lightning, fulmen (so the blasts of fortune, fnlmina fortunæ). In the widest sense, fulmen, ictus calamitatis, ventus, calamitas, casus adversus. κυρικιμασαηικο
|| Of disease, contagio. || Of corn, sideratio, robigo, uredo (mildew, smut).
BLAST, v., || ruin, delere (destroy, blot out): subvertere, evertere (overthrow):
perdere (destroy): pervertere: to blast anybody’s reputation, alicui infamiam movere; aliquem infamare or diffamare; aliquem variis rumoribus differre (to circulate reports against him): to blast one’s hopes, spem exstinguero. || Blight, terrere, urere, adurere, robigine corrumpere, robigine or uredine afficere. Blasted heaths, deserta et sterilia tesqua.
|| Compare BLIGHT.
BLAZE, flamma; fulgor; ignia (great brightness).
BLAZE, v. n., ardescere, exardescere, fiammas emittere, ardere, flagrare:
|| v. a., vulgare. divulgare, pervulgare.
BLAZON, insignia gentilicia exprimere or explicare. || Deck, ornare, exornare.
|| Display, in conspectum dare; ante oculos exponere: ostentare.
|| Spread abroad, divulgare, pervulgare; buccinatorem esse alicujus rei (to trumpet it): canere, cantare (vid. Vergilius, Æn., 4, 190): venditare, jactare (to trumpet forth one’s own praises in matter).
BLEACH, insolare (to bleach in the sun). || INTR., albescere; exalbescere (become whitish).
BLEACHER, qui insolat lintea.
BLEACHERY, locus, in quo fit insolatio (linteorum, etc.), or in quo lintea, etc., purgantur et alba redduntur.
BLEACHING, in the sun, insolatio:
of wax. ceræ.
BLEAK, frigidus, algens, algidus. SYN. in COLD.
BLEAKNESS, frigus.
BLEAR, A blear eye, oculus humore fluens; oculus lippiens (as a permanent defect). To have blear eyes, lippire. Blear eyed, lippus, lippiena.
BLEAREDNESS, fluxio oculorum, lippitudo (permanent).
BLEAT, balare, poetical; balatum exercere, Vergilius; balatus dare, Ovidius. || Bleating, balatus.
BLEED, || emit blood, sanguinem fundere (ojf men and the wound): sanguinem effundere or profundere: his nose bleeds, sanguis e naribus ei fluit. He has bled exceedingly, ingens vis sanguinis manavit. My heart bleeds at something, incredibilem dolorem ex aliqua re capio.
How my heart bled! quantum animo vulnus accepi! || Let blood, sanguinem mittere alicui (e,g., ex brachio): alicui cordolium est (præ- and post-classical, Plautus, Appuleius): venam incidere, rescindere, secare, ferire, percutere; alicui venam solvere et sanguinem mittere; alicui sanguinem mittere. He does not bleed freely, male sanguis emittitur.
BLEEDING, || discharge of blood, profiuvium (profosio or fluxio) sanguinis; hæmorrhagia (especially through the nose).
|| Surgical, sanguinis missio, detractio.
BLEMISH, || bodily, macula, labes (diminutive, labecula), nævus; vitium (deformity, defect, generally). || Moral, turpitudo, macula, vitium, labes, ignominia, nota atque ignominia, nota turpitodinis, macula sceleris, probrum, flagitium.
BLEMISH, v., maculare, commaculare maculis aspergere: deformare, turpare, corrumpere; infuscare, fœdare, inquinare, labeculam aspergere (with dative):
maculis aspergere; violare, lædere. To blemish anybody’s reputation, de existimatione alicujus detrahere.
BLEND, miscere, commiscere, con fundere, permiscere, implicare.
BLESS, || prosper, fortunare, prosperare, secundare (poetical), bene vertere; felicem, beatum reddere, felicitatem dare alicui; beare, magna lætitia afficere.
To bless a thing to one, prosperare alicui aliquid; fortunare alicui aliquid. May Heaven bless your labors! Deua tibi (not tuos, as Muretus has it) labores fortnnet!
To be blessed with a son, filio augeri Fortune blesses our first undertaking, adspirat primo fortuna labori. || Bless me! maxime Jupiter! proh Jupiter! || Pronounce a blessing upon, alicui bene precari; aliquem bonis ominibus prosequi (accompany with blessings): aliquid februare (to purify by religious rites).
|| Praise, laudare, beatum prædicare, laudibus celebrare.
BLESSED, beatus (having all physical and moral good): pius (good, holy ; the blessed, pii). || Fortunate, felix, fortunatus.
BLESSEDLY, beate; feliciter, fauste.
BLESSEDNESS, summa felicitas; immortalitas vitæ (immortality): vita beata.
To live in eternal blessedness, beatum ævo sempiterno frui.
BLESSING, sollemnes preces; bona omina. To dismiss the congregation with a blessing, precibus sollemnibus cœtum (sacrum) dimittere. With the blessings of all, omnibus læta precantibus. || Gift, benefit, etc., munus, commodum, bonum, etc. The blessings of peace, munera, commoda pacis. The blessings of Providence, Dei munera, beneficia. || Divine favor, Dei favor. May God grant his blessing ! quod Deus bene vertat !
BLIGHT, robigo, uredo; (generally) lues.
BLIGHT, v., robigine corrumpere, uredine afficere; necare. The trees and crops are blighted, arbores sataque corrupit lues. Salt showers blight the corn, salsi imbres necant frumenta. Vid. BLAST.
BLIND, cæcus, oculis or luminibus captus, luminibus orbatus. Blind of one eye, cocles, luscus (born so): altero oculo captus (become so): unoculus. Blind-born, cæcus genitus (cæcigenus, poetical).
To become blind, lumina oculorum, or lumina, or aspectum amittere. || As to the mind, cæcus, occæcatus, mente captus, temerarius, stultus. Fortune makes her favorites blind, fortuna eos cæcos efficit (stultos facit), quos complexa est. A blind imitation, cæca or temeraria imitatio; prejudice, falsa opinio. To show anybody a blind obedience, totum se ad alicujus nutum et voluntatem convertere.
|| Hidden, dark, etc., cæcus; opertus.
A blind ditch, fossa cæca or operta.
|| False, cæcus, fictus, simulatus. A blind window, fenestra ticta or simulata; fenestræ imago. BLIND, v., cæcum reddere, cæcare, excæcare, oculis privaro, luminibus orbare; oculos effodere, eruere alicui (to tear out the eyes). To be blinded (by long exposure to the sun, for instance), aspectum amittere. || For a time only; to dazzle, etc., occæcare; oculos or oculorum aciem præstringero. || As to the mind, cæcare, occæcare, excæcare aliquem or alicujus mentem; animi or mentis aciem, oculos alicujus præstringere.
|| By beauty, capere, irretire, in amorem pellicere.
BLINDFOLD, oculis opertis or alligatis, conniventibus or clausis oculis. || To blindfold the eyes, oculos alligare.
BLINDLY, cæcus: cæco impetu; temere.
To assent blindly to a thing, temere assentire alicui rei. They rushed blindly into the water, cæci in aquam ruebant.
BLINDMAN’S BUFF, to play blindman’s buff, myinda (adv., Gr. μυΐνδα) ludere.
BLINDNESS, (luminis) cæcitas, (oculorum) caligo (when it is dark before the eyes): mentis or animi cæcitas, mentis caligfo; tenebræ (blindness of spirit, stupidity): inscitia, stultitia.
BLIND-SIDE, vitium.
BLINK, nictare, palpebrare; connivere (to see with eyes half shut).
BLISS, vid. BLESSEDNESS.
BLISTER, pustula; papula (raised by heat). A blister – plaster, vesicatorium.
To draw or raise blisters, pustulas facere or excitare. Full of them, pustulosus.
BLISTER, TR., pustulari. INTR., pustulare: vesicatorium imponere.
BLITHE, BLITESOME, lætus; hilarus, hilaris; alacer. To wear a blithesome look, vultu lætitiam præferre.
BLITHELY, læte, hilare (-iter), animo læto or hilari.
BLITHENESS, lætitia, hilaritas, animus lætus or hilaris; alacritas, animus alacer.
BLOAT, v. a., tumefacere, implere, tendere, sufflare, inflare; figuratively, inflare.
Bloated, turgidus, tumidus, tumens, inflatus:
|| v. n., tumescere, extumescere: turgescere.
BLOCK, truncus (of wood): gleba (of stone, marble): caudex (block to which offenders were fastened): massa (mass, lump): phalanga (roller): forma causiæ (hat-block): trochlea (pulley): truncus funestus (executioner’s block). To come to the block, securi percuti. || Block, blockhead, stipes, truncus, caudex.
BLOCK, v. a., claudere (shut in): obstruere, obsepire, intercludere. To block up the way, viam præcluderc; viam obstruere (barricade); iter obsepire; iter intercludere, interrumpere.
BLOCKADE, conclusio, obsidio. To raise the blockade of a town, urbe abscedere, obsidione urbis desistere. To deliver from a blockade, obsidione liberare or solvere.
BLOCKADE, v.. obsidere, circum sedere, obsidionem (urbi) inferre, in obsidione tenere, obsidione claudere, operibus cingere.
BLOCK-HOUSE, propugnaculum.
BLOCKISH, stolidus, stupidus, tardus, hebes, brutus.
BLOOD, sanguis (properly; also, kindred, lineage, vigor; also, of other juices):
cruor (blood from the veins, blood shed):
sanies (corrupt blond). To stanch blood, sanguinem sistere, supprimere, cohibere.
To imbrue or stain with blood, sanguine cruentare, inquinare, respergere; sanguine contaminare. To let blood, sanguinem mittere (e.g., alicui ex brachio).
A shower of blood, inber sanguinis or sanguineus.
An eruption of blood, sanguinis eruptio. To shed his blood for his country, sanguinem pro patria profundere or effundere. To shed blood (commit murder), cædem or sanguinem facere. Loss of blood, sanguinis profusio (fortuita).
The victory cost them much blood, victoria illis multo sanguine stetit. He thirsts for blood, sanguinem sitit. An avenger of blood, ultor parricidii, ultor mortis alicujus.
To be connected with anybody by the ties of blood, sanguine cum aliquo conjunctum esse, sanguine attingere aliquem.
Of illustrious blood, genere clarus, illustris, insignis. If you stir up my blood, si mihi stomachum moveritis. His blood is up, ira incensus est, iracundia ardet, illi animus ardet. Hot blood boils in your veins, vos calidus sanguis vexat.
To do a thing in cold blood, consulto et cogitatum facere aliquid. Flesh and blood (i.e., lusts), cupiditates, libidines. My flesh and blood (i.e., my children), viscera mea.
One’s own flesh and blood, sanguis suus (e.g., Philippus in suum sanguinem sæviebat, Livius). || Flesh and blood ( = human weakness), humani generis imbecillitas ( = natural powers), vires a natura homini insitæ (Cicero).
BLOOD-COLORED, coloris sanguinei, sanguineus.
BLOOD-HOUND, canis ad homines persequendos or vestigandos idoneus; figuratively, sanguinarius, crudelissimus, carnifex.
BLOODLESS, sanguine carens, exsanguis, mortuus. || Without bloodshed, incruentus.
BLOOD-RELATION, consanguineus, sanguine conjunctus. || The connection, consanguinitas, sanguinis conjunctio.
BLOODSHED, cædes. Without bloodshed, sine sanguine, sine vulnere. Taking place without it, incruentus.
BLOODSHOT, sanguine or cruore suffusus, sangruinolentus.
BLOOD-SUCKER, || leech, hirudo (properly and figuratively), sanguisuga.
|| Vampire, vespertilio spectrum (Linnæus).
BLOOD-THIRSTY, sanguinarius, sanguinem sitiens, sævus; sanguineus (poetical).
BLOOD-VESSEL, arteria, vena; vas.
BLOODY, cruentus (properly and figuratively), cruentatus (stained with blood), sanguine respersus (bespattered with blood): sanguineus (consisting of blood, as a shower; other uses are poetical). To make bloody, cruentare, sanguine respergere.
A bloody war, bellum cruentum, atrox, funestum, sævum. Bloody flux, dysenteria rubra. || Bloody, bloodyminded. Vid. BLOOD-THIRSTY.
BLOOM, flos. To be in bloom, florere.
|| FIG., to be in the bloom of life, in flore ætatis esse, ætate florere: yet, integra esse ætate.
BLOOM, v., (be in bloom) florere (properly and figuratively), vigere (figuratively): florem mittere, expellere (put forth blossoms). To begin to bloom, florescere (properly and figuratively).
BLOOMING, florens (properly and figuratively); fioridus (rich with flowers).
Blooming children, liberi florentes.
|| Beauty, forma florida et vegeta.
|| Health, valetudo integra or optima; virium flos. || Circumstances, res florentes, florentissimæ.
BLOOMY, floridus, floribus vestitus.
BLOSSOM, flos.
BLOSSOM, v., florescere; florem mittere or expellere.
BLOT out, exstinguere: delere (generally): inducere (by drawing the wax over it with the style): radere, eradere (to dig out). Fig., exstinguere, delere, obliterare.
Blot out the remembrance of a thing, memoriam alicujus rei delere or obliterare.
|| Blot (to blur, spot), maculare, maculis aspergere; macula (-is) or litura (-is) deformare, turpare. INTR., the paper blots, charta transmittit (diffundit) literas, charta est bibula. || To disgrace, disfigure, labem or labeculam aspergere alicui or alicui rei, alicui ignominiam inurere; infuscare, deformare, infamem facere, fœdare, oblinere.
BLOT, s., (atramenti) litura; macula (properly and figuratively): labes, nota turpitudinis. Blot at backgammon, calculus nudus, apertus.
BLOTCH, varus, ionthus (on the face):
pustula (blister): variolæ (packs).
BLOW, s., percussio (a striking with force), ictus, plaga, verber, petitio (blow aimed at one). FIG., fulmen, casus, damnum.
A mortal blow, ictus mortiferus, plaga mortifera. At one blow, uno ictu.
To give one a blow, plagam alicui inferre, infligere. A blow in the face with the open hand, alicui alapam ducere. A blow with the clinched fist, alicui colaphum ducere; alicui pugnum or colaphum impingere.
To give one blows, aliquem pulsare, verberare, verberibus cædere. They come to blows, res venit ad manus. To despise the blows of fortune, fulmina fortunæ contemnere.
I have received a heavy blow, gravissimam accepi plagam (figuratively).
One blow follows another, damna damnis continuantur. To prepare himself for the decisive blow, ad discrimen accingi.
BLOW, v., || of the wind, flare, (spirare, poetical). || Of the breath, flare, conflare: to puff, anhelare: of a horse, fremere (to snort). To blow an instrument, canere, cantare, ludere (with ablative), inflare (with accusative): of the instrument blown, canere. The winds blow contrary, reflant venti. A wind which blows from the north, ventus qui a septentrionibus oritur. To blow upon, afflare.
To blow away, dissipare, difflare; rapere (snatch off). To be blown down, vento affligi ad terram, prosterni, dejici. To blow out, exstinguere. To blow (make by blowing), flare, flatu figurare. To blow up the fire, ignem conflare, sutflare, buccis excitare. To blow up the cheeks, buccas inflare, sufflare. To blow up the body, corpus inflare. To blow a man up, inflare alicujus animum: to be blown up, inani superbia tumere, superbia se efferre. To blow up (kindle, inflame), accendere, conflare.
To blow up with gunpowder, aliquid vi pulveris pyrii displodere. To be blown into the air, vi pulveris pyrii sublime rapi.
BLOW, Vid. BLOOM, BLOSSOM.
BLOWING, flatus (of the wind): of a flute, inflatus tibiæ.
BLUBBER, s., adeps balænarum.
BLUBBER, v., genas lacrimis fœdare, uberius flere, vim lacrimarum profundere.
Blubbered cheeks, genæ lacrimando turgentes. || Blubber-cheeked, bucculontus.
Blubber-lipped, labrosus.
BLUDGEON, fustis plumbo armatus.
BLUE, cæruleus, subcæruleus (somewhat blue), cyaneus, cumutilis (all mean water-blue; dyed or dressed so, cæruleatus): cæsius (blue gray, sky-blue): glaucus (sea-green, gray-blue, like cat’s eyes):
violaceus, purpureus, ianthinus, amethystinus; lividus (black-blue, black and blue).
Blue eyes, oculi cærulei, cæsii, glauci. Having such, cæruleus, etc. Dark-blue, violaceus, purpureus. Light-blue, subcæruleus. To become black and blue, livescere: to be so, livere.
BLUE, s., cæruleus, etc., color; cæruleum (as a coloring material).
BLUE-BOTTLE, cyanus.
BLUFF, inhumanus, inurbanus, agrestis, rusticus; violentus, vehemens.
BLUNDER, s., mendum (offence against a rule to be observed, a proper form,
etc., especially mistakes in writing, calculations, etc.): error, erratum (mistake made from ignorance or inadvertency; of a workman, erratum fabrile (Cicero): erratum, opposed to recte factum and, as a quality, vitium.
Also, of offences against propriety of speech, e.g., error. Quintilianus, 1, 5, 47): peccatum, delictum (any sin or error; also of faults in language; e.g., Cicero, paucis verbis tria magna peccata): vitium (any blemish or imperfection; figuratively, of barbarisms and solecisms, Quintilianus, 1, 5, 5, sequens and the followings).
To remove a blunder, mendum tollere (e.g., librariorum menda toilere, Cicero).
To correct a blunder, mendum, errorem or peccatum corrigere. In saying idus Martii, you have made a great blunder, idus Martii magnum mendum continent (it should be idus Martiæ). To comit the same blunder, idem peccare: one blunder after another, aliud ex alio peccare.
To fall into an opposite blunder, in contrarium vitium converti. || Full of blunders, mendosus. Free from blunders, emendatus (freed from fault; of writings): emendate descriptus (copied out accurately; printed accurately).
BLUNDER, || stumble, pedem offendere: vestigio falli (slip, make a false step): labi (slip down). || Commit a blunder, aliquid offendere (blunder against anything; not to act as one ought): labi (make a false step): peccare (sin, commit a fault, πταίειν). Vid. “commit a blunder,” under BLUNDER, s.
|| To blunder out anything, inconsultius evectum projicere aliquid (Livius, 35, 31, middle). || To blunder upon anything, in aliquid casu incurrere (Cicero).
BLUNDERHEAD, stipes, truncus, stupidus homo.
BLUNT, hebes, obtusus, retusus (properly and figuratirely). To be blunt, hebere; obtusa esse acie (properly): hebetem, hebetatum, obtusum esse (also figuratively).
Become so, hebescere (properly and figuratively). Blunt in spirit, hebetis or tardi ingenii. || Rough, rude, inurbanus, rusticus, horridus. || Abrupt, abruptus. || Plain, liber.
BLUNT, v., hebetare, retundere, obtundere (properly and figuratively): an axe, retundere securim: a spear, hebetare hastam: a keen palate, obtundere subtile palatum: the mind, mentem, ingenium obtundere. To be blunted to a thing, hebetatum atque induratum esse ad aliquid.
Blunted in body and mind, animo simul et corpore hebetato. To blunt hope, spem debilitare, extenuare.
BLUNTLY, rustice, horride; libere, audaciter: inornate, abrupte.
BLUNTNESS, hebes (falcis, etc.) acies; ruiticitas, mores inculti, horridi; sermo abruptus, inornatus; sermo liberior.
BLUR, macula, labes; litura (from erasure).
BLUR, v., obscurare; labem or labeculam aspergere.
BLUSH, || turn red, erubescere, pudore or rubore suffundi, rubor mihi suffunditur or offunditur. || Be red, rubere.
To blush at one’s own praises, pudore affici ex sua laude. I need not blush, if, etc., non est res, qua erubescam, si, etc.
They blush at their origin, origine sua erubescunt. || FIG., rubere, rubescere; fulgere.
BLUSH, rubor. To put to the blush, ruborem alicui afferre, elicere; alicui pudorem iucutere. || FIG., rubor, fulgor.
|| At first blush, prima specie or fironte, aspectu primo.
BLUSTER, sævire. || Of men, sævire; tumultuari. tumultum facere. || Brag, insolenter gloriari. A blustering sea, mare tumultuosum. Blustering weather, cœlum immite, turbidum.
BLUSTER, s., tempestas, procella:
fremitus, strepitus, tumultus: sævitia, furor; jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio.
BLUSTERER, homo turbulentus; homo gloriosus.
BOAR, verres: a wild boar, aper. Of a boar, verrinus: wild, aprugnus. Boar-spear, venabulum. Boar-hog, verres castratus, majalis.
BOARD, tabula; assis or axis (thick board, plank). To cut a tree into boards, arborem in laminas secare. A house made of boards, ædificium tabulatum or ex tabulis factum. A floor laid with oak boards (planks), solum roboreis axibus compactum or constratum. || To play on, tabula: forus aleatorius, alveus or alveolus (dice-board): abacus (board with squares). || Table, mensa: figuratively, cœna, convivium, epulæ. Side-board, abacus. To lire at another’s board, aliena mensa or quadra vivere. To be separated from bed and board, cubilibus ac mensa discerni. || Food and lodging, victus pacta mercede præbitus. Good board, victus lautus. To give one his board, gratuitum victum dare alicui. || Assembly, collegium, consessus, consilium.
|| On board, in navi. To go on board, navem conscendere. To have a person on board, sustulisse aliquem: a thing, vehere aliquid. To leap overboard, ex navi desilire or se projicere. To throw overboard, alicujus rei jacturam facere. BOARD, v., contabulare. || Live at a certain price, ab aliquo, pacta mercede, ali; alicujus victu, pacta mercede, uti.
To board and lodge with anybody, esse in hospitio apud aliquem; hospitio alicujus uti. Put at board, aliquem alicui pacta mercede alendum tradere. || Enter a ship, in hostium navem transcendere; navem conscendere. || Address, attempt, alloqui, compellari; tentare, petere, adoriri; prævertere.
BOARDER, qui ab aliquo pacta mercede alitur. Fellow-boarder, convictor.
BOAST, se efferre, se jactare (insolenter), gloriari, gloria et prædicatione sese efferre. To boast of or in a thing, aliqua re, or de, or in aliqua re gloriari: jactare, ostentare, venditare aliquid. He boasts and brags as high as ever, nec quicquam jam loquitur modestius. He boasts of his villainy, in facinore et scelere gloriatur.
He boasts of his own deeds, suarum laudum præco est; sua narrat facinora.
BOAST, BOASTING, jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio (of something, alicujus rei): ostentatio sui, jactantia sui.
To make a boast of, jactare, ostentare, venditare aliquid; aliqua re gloriari.
BOASTER, jactator, ostentator, venditator alicujus rei; homo vanus, homo vaniloquus, homo gloriosus, homo fortis lingua.
BOASTFUL, gloriosus, vanus, vaniloquus.
BOASTFULLY, gloriose, jactanter.
BOAT, scapha (especially a ships boat):
cymba (a small boat to navigate a lake, for fishing, etc.): alveus, lembus (fiat-bottomed boat, skiff): linter (canoe): navicula, navigiolum, actuariolum, lenunculus, sometimes navis, navigium. Boatman, nauta; lintrarius.
BODE, portendere.
BODICE, mamillare, thorax linteus.
BODILY, corporalis (in nature and quality): corporeus (in material): things, corporalia; res corporeæ; quæ cerni tangique possunt. || Proper to the body, possessed by the body, relating to the body, in corpore situs, corporalis: but oftener by the genitive, corporis.
A bodily defect, vitium corporis or corporale. Bodily goods, bona corporis.
Bodily charms, corporis venustas. || Real, verus. To bring to bodily act, ad effectum adducere or perducere.
BODILESS, corpore vacans or vacuus, corpore carens, sine corpore; incorporeus (Silver Age).
BODY, corpus. A small body, corpusculum.
To have a healthy body, bona corporis valetudine uti. To devote himself body and soul to one, alicui corpus animamque addicere: to a thing, totum et mente et animo in aliquid insistere.
Body-guard, corporis custodes: stipatores corporis, stipatores: satellites, cohors prætoria, milites prætoriani. A dead body, corpus mortuum, corpus hominis mortui, also corpus or mortuus: cadaver; funus. To lay out a dead body, corpus mortuum curare. Having two bodies, bicorpor. Able or strong-bodied, robustus, validus, firmus. || Belly, venter, alvus.
Beans puff up the body, venter inflatur fabis. To bind the body, alvum astringere.
|| Person, homo. Nobody, nullus, nemo; non ullus. non quisquam.
Everybody, omnes homines, omnes.
|| Anybody, quisquam (after negatives, with vix, sine; in interrogative sentences when the ansaer “No” is expected; and in the second member of comparative sentences): quivis, quilibet (any you please):
quis (after si, nisi, ne, num quo. quanto; but si quisquam, when doubt is to be expressed whether there is anybody). Somebody, aliquis. Hardly anybody, non fere quisquam. Nor is he seen by anybody, neque cernitur ulli (for ab ullo). Not a body, homo nemo, nemo unus. That nobody do hurt to anybody, ne cui quis noceat. Lest anybody, ne qois. If anybody, si quis. || Collective mass, corpus. They wished to have a king out of their own body, sui corporis creari regem volebant. He set in order the body of the empire, ordinavit imperii corpus. A complete body of all the Roman law, corpus omnis Romani juris. The whole body of citizens, cives cuncti; also civitas. The whole body rose, omnes universi consurrexerunt.
|| Corporation, etc., corpus, collegium; classis. A learned body,
societas doctorum hominum. || Of soldiers, manus, exercitus; pars exercitus or copiarum; agmen; caterva. A body of cavalry, pars equitum: ala equitum.
A body (club) of conspirators, globus conjuratorum.
A body of players, grex histrionum.
|| Main part: of a tree, truncus, stirps: of a column, scapus, truncus:
of the human body, truncus. The body of a country, interior alicujus terra; regio; interiora alicujus terræ. || Strength.
Wine of a good body, vinum validum, firmum, forte, plenum.
BOG, palus.
BOGGLE, stupere; dubitare, hærere, hæsitare, cunctari; tergiversari.
BOGGLER, cunctator, hæsitator.
BOGGLING, dubitatio, hæsitatio, cunctatio.
BOGGY, uliginosus, paluster.
BOIL, v. n., fervere (also figuratively of the passions and of men): æstuare (to swell and roar with heat; also figuratively): bullare, bullire (to bubble up). To begin to boil, ebullire, effervescere. To boil enough, defervescere. Boiling hot, fervens.
The meats boil, cibaria bullant.
To boil over, exundare (of boiling water, Plinius, 31, 2, 19). To make to boil, fervefacere.
The sea boils, æstuat mare. To boil with envy, invidia æstuare. To boil with anger, ira fervere; sævire:
|| v. a., fervefacere, infervefacere (make to boil):
coquere (cook by boiling). To boil down, decoquere (e.g., acetum ad quartas, Columella).
To boil a thing in something, aliquid coquere in or ex aliqua re (e.g., in lacte, ex oleo); incoquere aliqua re or cum aliqua re (e.g., aqua ferventi, cum aqua). To boil quite, percoquere. To boil meats, cibum or cibaria coquere; cibum parare or comparare (general term of preparing meat, etc., for food). Boiled, elixus (opposed to assus): coctus (dressed by fire, opposed to crudus).
BOILER, || one who boils, coctor.
|| Caldron, etc., vas coquinarium: ahenum (of brass): ahenum coculum: caldarium (Vitruvius, for heating water in baths):
cucuma (some vessel for boiling or cooking, Petronius): cortina (with three feet). Vid. Lebes only when Greek customs, persons, etc., are spoken of; especially as a costly present.
BOISTEROUS, turbulentus, turbidus, procellosus, tumultuosus, violentus. A boisterous sea, mare procellosum (ever so):
mare vi ventorum agitatum atque turbatum (in a single case). Boisterous weather followed, secutæ sunt tempestates.
BOLD, audens (in any one instance, and only in a good sense): audax (permanently, and in a good or bad sense, mostly in the latter): impavidus. intrepidus; fidens (confident, assured): confideus (confident, in a bad sense): temerarius (rash): impudens, impudicus (without shame or modesty): procax, protervus (forward, in a noisy, troublesome, reckless way; procax especially in words, protervus in actions): petulans (attacking others with raillery, etc., withotit any consideration): lascivus (forward, from high animal spirits; also, wanton). Bold (in language), procax lingua. Bold (language, sermo procax or procaciter ortus.
|| Projecting, prominentior. Very bold, summæ audaciæ, singulari audacia. A bold poet, poeta andax: thought, sententia audax: metaphor, verbum audacins or altius translatum. To be bold (to say, etc.), andere (with infinitive). You are a bold beggar, satis andacter petis. A bold brow, os ferreum: a bold fellow, homo perfrictæ frontis (both in a bad sense).
BOLDLY, audacter, libere; fidenter, confidenter: impudenter; impavide, intrepide; temere; procaciter (-cacius, -cacissime): proterve [SYN. in BOLD].
To behave boldly ( = forwardly), procacius se in aliqua re gerere. I say it boldly, audacter dico; libere profiteor.
BOLDNESS, audentia, audacia, animus audax; fidentia, confidentia; impudentia; os durum, ferreum: procacitas: protervitas: lascivia [SYN. in BOLD]. Rash boldness, temeritas. Boldness of speech, libertas. Too great boldness, licentia.
To have the boldness to, etc., audere (with infinitive): sumere hoc sibi, ut, etc.
BOLE, truncus, stirps.
BOLL, calamus. Bolls of flax, lini virgæ.
BOLSTER, pulvinus.
BOLT, materis or matara (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 1, 26): sagitta (arrow). Thunder-bolt, fulmen. Bolt upright, plane rectus; directus.
|| Bar, claustrum, pessulus, obex.
BOLT, v., || the door, pessulo januam claudere or oculudere, pessulum januæ obdere. To bolt one out, aliquem excludere foras. || To sift, cribrare, cribro cernere or succernere, succernere.
|| Blurt out, projicere. INTR., erumpere, prorumpere.
BOLTER, cribrum farinarium or pollinarium; incerniculum.
BOLTLNG-CLOTH, linteum cribrarium.
BOMB, pyrobolus. To throw bombs, pyrobolos mittere.
BOMBARD, urbem tormentis verberare.
BOMBARDIER, pyrobolarius.
BOMBARDMENT, tormentorum, telorum, pyrobolorum conjectio.
BOMBAST, verborum pompa, verborum tumor, inflata oratio, ampullæ. To deal in bombast, adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam: ampullari (Horatius, ληκυθιζειν).
BOMBASTIC, inflatus, elatus (Cicero):
less commonly, tumidus. Turgidus (Horatius).
Anybody’s style is bombastic, alicujus oratio turget atque inflata est.
BOND, [Vid. BAND] Bonds, chains, vincula; catenæ. || Imprisonment, custodia, vincula. To lie in bonds and chains, esse in vinculis et catenis. To cast into bonds, in vincula mittere, conjicere; vinculis astringere. To cast into bonds (prison), in custodiam (or in vincula) mittere, tradere, condere, conjicere.
|| Tie, vinculum (properly and figuratively): nodus, copula (figuratively).
There is a closer bond among kinsmen, arctior colligatio est societatis propinquorum.
The strict bond of friendship, amicitiæ conjunctionisque necessitudo.
|| Obligation, chirographum; syngrapha (paper signed by both parties to a contract). To borrow money upon one’s bond, per chirographum pecuniam mutuam sumere. To lend one money upon his bond, chirographo exhibito, pecuniam alicui credere. || To give bonds, satisdare (pro re), satisdationem interponere, dare: for the payment of the money adjudged, satisdare judicatæ pecuniæ (genitive, scilicet, nomine).
BONDAGE, captivitas; servitus, conditio servilis. The yoke of bondage, jugum servitutis. To hold in bondage, servitute oppressum tenere.
BONDMAN, servus: mancipium (bought or taken in war): verna (born in one’s house). A bondman by reason of debt, ære nexus. The bondmen of anybody, familia alicujus.
BONDSMAID, serva: servula.
BONDSMAN, [Vid. BONDMAN] || One bound for another, sponsor, vas, præs, satisdator.
BONE, os; spina (of a fish). A little bone, ossiculum. Of bone, osseus. Without bones, sine osse, exos. To deprive of bones, exossare (also of fish). Bone by bone, ossiculatim. He is nothing but skin and bones, ossa atque pellis totus est; vix ossibus hæret. I tremble, every bone of me, omnibus artubus contremisco. Barkbone, spina. Hip-bone, coxa, coxendix, os coxæ. Shin-bone, tibia. To break a bone, os frangere. I make no bones of doing this, religio mihi non est, quominus hoc faciam. I hare given him a bone to pick, injeci serupulum homini.
BONE, v., || take out the bones, exossare (congrus exossabitur, Terentius).
BONFIRE, ignes festi (Statius).
BON MOT, facete or belle dictum, breviter ac commode dictum, bonum dictum; salse dictum, dicterium (when sarcastic).
BONNET, || for women: mitra: mitella (a sort of cap with flaps, and tied under the chin; borrowed from the Asiatics by the Greeks and Romans): reticulum (a net for the hair). Cf., Calautica, not calantica, was probably a sort of veil, covering the head and shoulders. To put on a bonnet, caput mitra operiro. || For men: cucullus (pointed and fastened to the dress): pileus (a cap of felt).
BONNY, bellus, venustus, lepidus; lætus, hilarus, hilaris.
BONY, ossuosus (full of bones): osseus, ossi similis (bone-like).
BOOBY, homo rusticus, stolidus; stipes, caudex; asinus.
BOOK, volumen; liber (also part of a work), libellus (little writing): codex with or without accepti et expensi (account-book): ephemeris, libellus, commentarii (memorandum or note-book; journal, diary, etc.). Waste-book, adversaria (plural).
Without book, ex memoria, memoriter.
To get without book, ediscere, memoriæ tradere, mandare, committere. To keep a book (of account), codicem accepti et expensi habere. A collection of books, librorum copia; bibliotheca. Knowledge of books, librorum notitia, usus. To mind his book, studiis incumbere. κυρικιμασαηικοTrade in books, mercatura libraria. To get into anybody’s books (= become his debtor), vid. DEBTOR.
Not to be in anybody’s books (= not to be in favor with him), vid. FAVOR. To call anybody to book (i.e., to make an accurate calculation), ad calculos aliquem vocare (Livius).
BOOK, v., aliquid in codicem, commentarios, libellum, etc., referre.
BOOK-BINDER, glutinator (among the ancients): bibliopegus, librorum compactor (among the moderns).
BOOK-CASE, armarium librorum (Paul. Dig.): armarium parieti in bibliothecæ speciem insertum (Plinius, Ep., 2, 17, 8: let into a wall). Cf., Not scrinium. Vid. DIET.
BOOK-KEEPER, calculator, qui alicui est a rationibus, rationarius.
BOOKSELLER, bibliopola, librorum venditor; librarius (when he also transcribes the books). Bookseller’s shop, taberna libraria. libraria.
BOOK-WORM, blatta, tinea. || FIG., to be a book-worm, studiis or libris immori; quasi heluari libris; totum se abdidisse in literas.
BOOM, s., longurius: contus: pertica [vid. POLE]. || Obex (obstacle): perhaps agger portum muniens.
BOOM, v., fluctuare: undare: æstuare: exæstuare (boil violently): sævire (rage). To come booming (i.e., with swelling sails), velis passis aliquo pervehi.
BOON, gratia, beneficium, donum, munus. SYN., in GIFT.
BOON, adj., hilaris, lætus, jocosus, jucundus. Boon-companion, combibo; compotor; sodalis.
BOOR, rusticus: agrestis (the rusticus violates the conventional, the agrestis even the natural, laws of good behavior): inurbanus (unpolished): incultus (unrultivated).
Boors, homines rustici, rustici et agrestes, rustici, agrestes. You are a boor, rusticus es.
BOORISH, || rustic, rupticus, rusticanus, agrestis. [SYN. in BOOR.] || Rude, raw, rusticus, agrestis, inurbanus, incultus.
Somewhat boorish, subrusticus, subagrestis.
BOORISHNESS, rusticitas (Silver Age): mores rustici.
BOORISHLY, rustice.
BOOT, calceamentum quod pedes suris tenus or crura tegit: the ancients wore no boots like ours; caliga was only a sole (vid. SHOE), and ocreæ were the military greaves or leggins of bronze, brass, etc., and also the similar leather leggins of peasants, hunters, etc. Boot-jack, furca excalceandis pedibus. Booted, calceamentis, etc., indutus; calceatus.
BOOT, v., prodesse, conducere, usui esse, ex usu esse. Vid. PROFIT, v.
BOOT, s., utilitas, usus, commodum, emolumentum, lucrum, fructus. To boot, insuper; ultro: to give anything to boot, gratis addere. This goes to boot, hoc insuper additur; hoc ultro adjicitur.
BOOTH, taberna (stall in which goods are sold; also drinking-booth): pergula (booth or stall attached to the outer wall of a house; e.g., a broker’s, Plinius). Little booth, tabernula.
BOOTLESS, inutilis; cassus, inanis, vanus, irritus. Vid. USELESS.
BOOTLESSLY, frustra, nequidquam, incassum. You labor bootlessly, operam perdis.
BOOTY, præda; raptum (got by robbery).
Booty in arms, banners, etc., spolia: in arms stripped from the enemy, exuviæ.
The general’s share of the booty, manubiæ: the state’s, sectio. To make booty, prædari; prædam or prædas facere; prædam or prædas agere (of men and cattle; also with hominum pecorumque): rapere, rapinas facere. To live by booty (robbed), vivere rapto.
BORAX, borax.
BORDER, s., margo (scuti, libri, etc.):
ora (broader than margo): labrum (of a ditch, for instance), limbus (on a garment).
|| Boundary, finis, confinium. Borders, fines (also for the land itself). To dwell upon the borders of two lands, finem sub utrumque habitare. Soldiers stationed on the borders, limitanei milites.
BORDER, v. a., marginare; cingere, circumdare, coercere aliqua re. A bordered garment, vestis limbata, segmentata.
|| To border upon (of people), finitimum, vicinum, confinem esse alicui.
|| Of lands, adjacere, imminere alicui terræ; tangere, attingere, contingere terram.
Bordering, finitimus, vicinus, confinis; subjectus or conjunctus alicui loco.
To border together, se invicem contingere.
Falsehoods border on truth, falsa veris finitima sunt.
BORDERER, qui sub finem alicujus terræ habitat; accola, finitimus. The borderers on the sea, qui oceanum attingunt; maritimi homines: on the Rhine, qui proximi Rheno flumini sunt; accolæ Rheni.
BORE, v., terebrare (with a gimlet or instrument that is turned round): forare (to make a hole through): perforare (quite through): perterebrare. To bore a hole, foramen terebrare or terebra cavare. A boring, terebratio. To get out by boring, exterebrare. To bore, i.e., make hollow by boring, efforare; the trunk of a tree, truncum. To bore one’s way through a crowd, penetrare per turbam: through the snows, eluctari nives or per nives.
BORE, s., foramen. || Caliber, modus; magnitudo, amplitudo. A bore (= a troublesome person), intolerabilis: intolerandus (unbearable): importunus (troublesome, annoying): odiosus (hateful). To be a bore (of a public speaker), odiosum esse in dicendo.
BORER, terebra.
BORN, To be born, nasci, gigni (ex aliqua); in lucem edi, in vitam venire:
with the feet foremost, pedibus gigni, in pedes procedere. A Grecian born, in Græcia natus, ortu Græcus. Who were Persians born, qui in Perside erant nati.
New-born, recens natus. Before you were born, ante te natum. || To be descended, ortum, oriundum esse. || FIG., to be born (i.e., destined by nature) to a thing, ad aliquid natum or factum esse; ad aliquid natum aptumque esse.
BOROUGH, municipium.
BORROW, || what is to be returned by an equivalent, mutuari, mutuum (not mutuo) sumere aliquid ab aliquo:
money of one, pecuniam mutuam sumere, pecuniam petere ab aliquo: on interest, fenori argentum sumere ab aliquo. I want to borrow money, quæro pecunias mutuas: on interest, fenoro: of one, rogare aliquem pecuniam mutuam or argentum mutuum. To borrow (receive by borrowing) money, pecuniam mutuam accipere. || For use, utendum petere; mutuari: from a neighbor, ex proximo.
To want to borrow, utendum rogare. Borrowed, matuus; mutuatus. || FIG., mutuari, aliunde assumere, sumere aliunde ut mutuum, petere, repetere. The moon borrows her light of the sun, luna mutuatur lucem a sole.
BORROWER, qui mutuatnr or motuatus est.
BOSOM, sinus (of the body, of a garment): pectus, animus (figuratively, breast, heart): pars interior (intima); interiora (intima), viscera; complexus.
To weep on the bosom of a friend, in amici sinu flere. To press one to his bosom, aliquem arctius complecti; aliquem amplexari. To see into one’s bosom, apertum alicujus pectus videre. To look into one’s own bosom, in sese descendere.
The enemy are in the bosom of the city, in sinu urbis hostes sunt. They dug into the bosom of the earth, itum est in viscera terræ. To banish from his inmost bosom, aliquid ex intima mente evellere. The secrets of one’s bosom, animi secreta, occulta pectoris. Furies which haunt the bosom, domesticæ furiæ. To be one’s bosom friend, de complexu et sinu alicujus esse; in sinu alicujus gestari. A bosom friend, sodalis; amicus conjunctissimus; amicissimus, intimus. The world holds all things in its bosom, mundus omnia complexu suo coercet et continet.
BOSS, || of a shield, umbo. || Stud, knob, bulla. || Of the stick on which a book is rolled, umbilicus, cornu.
BOTANICAL, herbarius.
BOTANIST, herbarius.
BOTANIZE, v., herbas quærere, colligere.
BOTANY, herbaria (scilicet, ars, Plinius).
BOTCH, tuber. Little botch, tuberculum. Full of botches, taberosus. || Clumsy patch, etc., pannus male assutus; cicatrix; vitium.
BOTCH, v., male sarcire or resarcire; infabre or inscienter fecere; corrumpere, deformare, turpare: tuberibus or ulceribus turpare (mark with botches). To botch up, inscienter facere, confingere; ementiri.
BOTH, ambo (both together): uterque (both severally, one as well as the other):
duo (in such connections as duobus oculis, duabus manibus). On both sides, utrimque; utrobique. From both sides, utrimque. To both sides, places, utroque.
Conscience has great force on both sides, magna est vis conscientiæ in utramque partem. Many being killed on both sides, multis utrimque interfectis. They may be said both ways, utroque versum dicantur.
He made one camp out of both, una castra fecit ex binis castris. Both (where two parties, or several on each side, are referred to), utrique (plural).
BOTH, conj., both — and, et — et, quum — tum, tum — tum. I have lost both my money and my labor, et pecuniam et operam perdidi. Both in time of peace and war, tum in pace, tum in bello. They kill both men and women alike, feminas pariter atque viros
trucidant. Have you lost both wit and goods? consilium simul cum re amisisti ? Both covetous and prodigal, sordidus simul et sumtuosus.
BOTHER, v., [Vid. TEASE]. To bother anybody with questions, obtundere aliquem rogitando.
BOTTLE, lagena: ampulla (large, big-bellied). Little bottle, laguncula, ampullula.
To empty, drain the bottle, lagenam exsiccare. || Of hay, fasciculus or manipulus fœni.
To BOTTLE wine, vinum diffundere, in lagenas infundere.
BOTTOM, fundus (of a cask, the sea, etc.), solum. || Valley. plain, vallis, convallis, planities. || Ground-work, fundamentum, fundamenta. The bottom of the sea, mare imum, fundus or ima (neuter plural) maris. The anchor finds bottom, ancora subsistit, sidit. To drain a wine-jar to the bottom, cadum fæce tenus potare. The bottom of the ditch, solum fossæ. To settle to the bottom, residere, subsidere. To go to the bottom (sink), mergi, sidere, pessum ire. To send to the bottom, pessum dare, mergere, demergere. The bottom of a ship, atveus or carina (navis). To search a thing to the bottom, accuratius, subtilius investigare aliquid; aliquid investigare et perscrutari; aliquid pertractare. To come to the bottom of a matter, aliquid perspicere. I see the bottom of him, eum penitus perspicio. I do not see upon what bottom it rests, rationem quam habeat, non satis perspicio.
He is at the bottom of this, ortum est hoc ab eo. To overturn, destroy from the bottom, funditus evertere; a fundamentis disjicere; funditus tollere. To place at the bottom, in imo ponere. From top to bottom, ab summo ad imum. Sharpened at the bottom, ab imo præacutus. He groans from the bottom of his heart, gemitum dat pectore ab imo. I am distressed even at the bottom of my heart, angor intimis sensibus. At the bottom of a mountain, sub radicibus montis, in imis radicibus montis. || Ship, navis, navigium.
|| FIG., you are embarked on the same bottom, in eadem es navi. || Clew, glomus.
To wind yarn into bottoms, lanam glomerare in orbes.
BOTTOM, v., To be bottomed upon a thing, niti aliqua re or in aliqua re; teneri, contineri aliqua re; cerni, positum esse in aliqua re.
BOTTOMLESS, fundo carens. Bottomless depth, immensa or infinita altitudo; vorago.
BOUGH, ramus, brachium arboris (arm). A small bough, ramulus, ramusculus.
A leafy bough, ramus frondosus.
A dry bough, ramale: pieces of dry boughs, ramea fragmenta, ramalia. Full of boughs, ramosus. Of boughs, rameus.
To spread into boughs, luxuriari, ramis diffundi.
BOUGIE, cereus (war light): catheter (καθετήρ , surgical instrument for drawing off the water, Cælius Aurelianus).
BOUNCE. To bounce up or back, resilire, resultare. The hail bounces back from the top of the house, resilit grando a culmine tecti. The water bounces in the kettles, unda exsultat ahenis. To bounce into the air, in altum expelli. To bounce out, prosilire; prorumpere, erumpere:
in, irrumpere or irruere in, etc. My heart bounces, cor mihi rite salit. || Make a noise, crepare. Bounces at the door, pulsare fores vehementer; quatere fores.
|| Vapor, swagger, se jactare, insolenter gloriari. || Bouncing, robustus, validus, fortis. A bouncing girl, virgo valens, valida; virago.
BOUNCE, s., crepitus; ictus, pulsus; jactatio (boasting): minæ (threats).
BOUND, || boundary, limit, finis, terminus, limes; modus (due measure):
cancelli (barrier, properly and figuratively).
To fix the bounds, fines terminare, fines constituere. To fix bounds to something (properly aitd figuratively), terminos, modum ponere alicui rei. To set bounds to a thing (figitratively), modum facere alicui rei. To go beyond the bounds, fines transire (properly and figuratively):
extra fines or cancellos egredi, modum excedere (figuratively). To keep one’s self within the bounds of modesty, fines verecundiæ non transire. To keep force one within bounds, coercere, continere, constringere aliquem. To keep one’s self within bounds, se cohibere; coercere cupiditatea.
BOUND, [Vid. BORDER.] || Set bounds to, terminis circumscribere; terminos statuere alicui rei. || Confine, restrain, circumscribere, moderari, temperare, modum facere (alicui rei), coercere, reprimere.
BOUND, || to spring, salire. Bound up. exsilire, exsultare. To bound into the saddle, in equum insilire. || Rebound, resilire, resultare, repelli, repercuti, recellere.
BOUND, s., saltus; exsultatio (a bounding up): repercussus (rebound).
BOUND, To be bound any whither, aliquo ire; aliquo tendere. Whither are you bound? quo tendis? quo te agis? quo cogitas or vis (scilicet, ire) ?
BOUNDARY, [Vid. BOUND]. The god of boundaries, Terminus: his festival, Terminalia. To drive in a post to mark the boundary, palum terminalem figere. A boundary stone, lapis terminalis, terminus, saxum, limes in agro positus. Soldiers stationed on the boundaries, milites limitanei.
BOUNDEN, A bounden duty, officium:
debitum (duty as a moral obligation): debitum officium.
BOUNDLESS, interminatus, infinitus, immensus; immoderatus, iounodicus (immoderate): insatiabilis.
BOUNDLESSLY, infinite, immoderate.
BOUNDLESSNESS, infinitas. immensitas: of time, nulla circumscriptio tem porum: of power, potentia infinita.
BOUNTEOUS, Vid. BOUNTIFUL.
BOUNTIFUL, largus, liberalis, beneficus, benignus, munificus. To be bountiful to one, largum, liberalem, beneficum esse in aliquem. Bountiful of his money, liberalis pecuniæ. Vid. GENEROUS.
BOUNTIFULLY, large, liberaliter, benigne, munifice.
BOUNTY, largitas, liberalitas, beneficentia, benignitas, munificentia. || Premium, præmium, pretium. || When a soldier enlists, suctoramentum.
BOUQUET (of wine), anima amphoræ.
BOUT, At one bout, simul (at the same time): uno impetu (with one effort, Cicero). A drinking bout, comissatio (a merry-making after a regular cœna, with games, dancing, strolling out into the streets. etc.). Cf., Compotatio, in Cicero, only as translation of συμπόσιον: not used as a Roman expression by him or any other author.
BOW, || to bend, flectere, inflectere; curvare, incurvare. Bowed, infiexus, incurvus: backward, recurvatus, recurvus, repandus. INTR., flecti, curvari, incurvescere.
To bow, bow the head, se demittere, caput demittere: to bow to anybody (as a mode of salutation), acclinis saluto aliquem (Arnobius); salutare aliquem: down to the ground, aliquem adoro, veneror.
To bow the knee, genua flectere (generally): genua (flexa) submittere (out of respect; to one, alicui). They bow down under the weight, incurvantnr, ceduntque ponderi. To bow to one (figuratively), submittere se alicui; se alicujus potestati permittere. Man must bow to the will of God, hominum vita jussis divinæ legis obtemperat. To bow to the ground (crush, depress), frangere, deprimere, opprimere:
one’s pride, superbiam alicujus retundere.
BOW, s., corporis inclinatio: to make a bow to anybody, acclinis saluto aliquem (Arnobius), or only aliquem salutare.
BOW, s., arcus. Bow-string, nervus.
A cross-bow, arcuballista, manuballista. A bowman, sagittarius: cross-bow man, arcuballistarius, manuballistarius. A maker of bows, arcuarius. Within bow-shot, intra teli jactum or conjectum: out of, extra, etc. To bend a bow, arcum intendere, adducere. To get his food by his bow, expedire alimenta arcu. A rainbow, pluvius arcus; also from context, arcus. A bow-window, fenestra arcuata. Bow-legged, varus, valgus. || Of a stringed instrument, plectrum.
BOWELS, || intestines, intestina (general term): viscera: exta (internal parts which are considered less vile: heart, etc.). Bowels of compassion, misericordia.
|| FIG., inner parts, viscera, interiora, intima: of the earth, of a mountain, viscera terræ, montis. The evil is seated in the bowels of the state, inhæret malum in visceribus reipublicæ.
BOWER, umbraculum.
BOWL, poculum, patera, phiala, scyphus: cratera or crater (for mixing drinks in): pelvis; aqualis, aquæ manale. || Of a fountain, labrum, crater. || Vid, BASIN.
BOWL, || for rolling, globus.
BOWL, TR., volvere: INTR., conos globis petere, globis or conis ludere.
Bowling, conorum lusus.
BOWS, || of a ship, prora, pars prior navis.
BOWSPRIT, malus proralis.
BOX, arca (with a lock, low, and placed on the ground): cista and (still smaller) capsa (both portable, for valuables, books, fruit, etc.): armarium (for things in constant use, books, clothes, etc.: it was higher than an area, had divisions, and was sometimes placed against a wall):
scrinium (with divisions, or pigeon-holes, for letters, medicines, valuables): pyxis (for drugs, etc., properly of box-wood, also of any wood, and even of metal): arcula, capsula, capsella, cistula, cistellula. An ointment box, narthecium. A lot box, situla. Ballot box, cista, cistula. Dice box, phimus, fritillus, orca. A strong box, arca. Box to keep ornaments in, arcula ornamentorum, pyxis: for rings, dactyliotheca. A clothes box, armarium. A box in a shop, nidus.
A box in a chest, loculus. A box for plants, vas. A medicine box, narthecium.
|| A Christmas box (present), strena. || In a theatre, spectaculum altum. (Vid. Livius., i., 35.)