Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
ASBESTOS, asbestos: amiantus (not our asbestos, but amianth). ASCEND, ascendere: sublime ferri:sublimem abire (of mounting on high, into the clouds, etc.: the latter only of living things).
Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
To ascend gradually, gradatim aacendere. (Transitive) To ascend a wall, murum ascendere: a tree, in arborem inscendere: the rostra, in rostra (in concionem) escendere; ascendere in rostra: to ascend the pulpit,in sacrum suggestum ascendere: the throne, in regiam sedem escendere (properly); regnum adipisci: legnum occupare (ofobtaining royal power; the latter especially unlawfully). || Figuratively, to ascend to honors, etc., ascendere ad honores, ad altiorem gradum; also without ad: promoveri ad or in ampliorem gradum. || The ascending lines (in genealogical tables), gradus ascendentium (Paul., Dig.).
ASCENDANT, fastigium, or by adjective summus. To be in the ascendant, in (tam) sublime fastigium venisse: in honore esse: fiorere: vigere: summam fortunam, summam gloriam consecutum esse: gloria fiorere: esse in laude: in claritudinem pervenisse: gloria circumfluere: omnium sermone celebrari: in magno nomine et gloria, esse: magna celebritate famæ esse (of persons only).(2) || Superiority, influence, præstantia.To have the ascendant in anything, aliqua re præstare alicui: potiorem esse aliquo: aliquem antecedere, antecellere, anteire, antistare, excellere, præcedere, præcurrere, superare: præpollere: prævalere (prævalere, Livius, præf.). || Ascendants (in degrees of kindred), ascendentes (opposed to descendentes, Paul., Dig.).
ASCENDENCY, præstantia: vis. [Vid. ASCENDANT (2).] To have ascendency over, vim exercere in aliquem: multum valere ad aliquid; momentum habere ad aliquid.
ASCENSION, ascensus, us (in aliquid; also of ascension of the stars): ascensio (less common): conscensio (in aliquid: act of climbing or mounting for the purpose of entering into: escensus is without certain authority in the old writers, for in Livius, 34, 28, and Tacitus, Ann., 13, 39, 2, ascensu is now read). || Ascension to heaven, abitus or ascensus in cœlum. || Ascension day, dies per Christi in cœlum abitum sacrata; or dies memoriæ Christi in cœlum profecti sacra. In the Roman Catholic Church, festum [dies festus] ascensionis Domini.
ASCENT, (1) || act of ascending: ascensus, us (in aliquid): ascensio (less commonly). (2) || Way by which one ascends, ascensus. A steep ascent, ascensus arduus (Cicero). (3) || An eminence, locus editus; locus superior.
ASCERTAIN, || make certain, ostendere: declarare: probare: planum facere atque probare. Anything ascertains the meaning of a word, aliquid satis declarat, quænam sub voce—subjicienda sit sententia.|| To ascertain a person of anything, probare alicui aliquid: demonstrare: efficere (establish): vincere:evincere (prove against all opposition).|| To learn for certain, aliquid comperire: to have ascertained, (pro) certo scire: exploratum habere aliquid or aliquid mihi exploratum est: perspectum planeque cognitum habere.
ASCERTAINMENT, the nearest, perhaps, regula or norma ad quam aliquid dirigatur. Better by circumlocution with verbs under Ascertain. “For want of ascertainment, how far,” etc., quum nondum satis sit exploratum, quatenus, etc.
ASCETIC, s., asceta, æ (fem., ascetria): ἀσκητής quem vocant. || Improperly, vir vita durus. || Adj., an ascetic life, vita parcissima ac durissima. To lead an ascetic life, Properly, ascetarum more vivere: Improperly, parce ac duriter vivere.
ASCETICISM, immanitas in voluptatibus aspernandis (Cicero, Partitiones Oratoriae, 23, 81).
ASCII, qui loca ascia incolunt (loca ascia, Plinius).
ASCITES, ascites, æ, m. (Cælius Aurelianus Tardae Passiones, 3, 8; Plinius, Valer., 3, 12. In Celsus, ἀσκίτης).
ASCITITIOUS,adscitus or ascitus (participle: opposed to nativus).
ASCRIBABLE, ascribendus, etc., or quod ascribi debet, potest, etc.
ASCRIBE, ascribere alicui aliquid (to attribute anything, whether good or bad, to anybody, as its author, inventor, or cause): assignare alicui aliquid (to attribute anything to anybody, as proceeding from him; to impute it to him as a fault, or ascribe it to him as a merit): addicere alicui aliquid (to pronounce anybody the author of a writing, book, etc., Gellius, 3, 3): tribuere or attribuere alicui aliquid (to represent anybody as the cause of anything; to lay the blame of it upon him). To ascribe the invention of anything to anybody, aliquid alicui inventori ascribere: to ascribe anything to fear, aliquid timori assignare: to ascribe an evil, a mischance, etc., to anybody, alicui casum adversum tribuere; alicui incommodum ascribere. You ascribe all this to me, hæc tibi a me eveniunt.
ASH, fraxinus. || Of ash, fraxineus.|| Mountain-ash, sorbus [sorbus aucuparia, Livius]: not ornus.
ASHAMED, pudore suffusus. To be ashamed, pudet me (alicujus rei; also with infinitive, Terentius): pudor suffunditur mihi: pudore affici (aliqua re).
ASHEN, fraxineus.
ASHES, cinis (remains of a burned body, whether stil glowing or burned out; also both singular and plural, as ashes of a burned corpse): favilla (ashes as light, floating particles, especially when still glowing): lix, genitive, licis (ashes from the hearth; cinis foci, Varro: lye-ashes). To burn or reduce any thing to ashes, aliquid in cinerem redigere (for any purpose): in cinerem or cineres vertere (= annihilate, destroy): to be burned or reduced to ashes, in cinerem redigi (for any purpose; e.g., horn): in cinerem or cineres verti (to be destroyed, annihilated): conflagrare: deflagrare: consumi (to be burned up or down). Reduced or burned to ashes, in cinerem redactus: ad cinerem ambustus (crumbled to ashes by burning). The fire is burning under the ashes, cinere latet obrutus ignis (tropically, Lucretius, 4, 924);ignis suppositus est cinere (doloso, Horatius, tropically). To lie in sackcloth and ashes, sordidatum or atratum esse (according to Roman custom). To adjure anybody by the ashes of anybody, obsecrare aliquem per cinerem murtui alicujus. Peace to thy ashes, tua ossa bene quiescant (Petronius); tua ossa molliter cubent (Ovidius);bene placideque quiescas (terraque tibi sit super ossa levis, Tibullus).
ASHORE, in litore (on the shore): in arido (on dry land): ad litus; in terram (to the shore). To go ashore, exire in terram; e navi exire, or exire only: egredi, ascendere, escensionem facere (in terram). To put soldiers, etc, ashore, milites in terram (or in terra) exponere.To run or be driven ashore (of a ship), in terram deferri (to be carried to the land; stronger, in litus ejici; vado, or in vadum. Or litoribus elidi.) To run a vessel ashore (intentionally), ad litus appellere. To be ashore (of soldiers, etc.), expositos or in terram (or in terra) expositos esse.
ASH-WEDNESDAY, dies cinerum sacrorum.
ASHY, cinereus: cineraceug: cinera ceo or cinericeo colore: leucophæus (be tween white and black).
ASIDE, seorsum (apart from others): in latus: oblique: in obliquum. But mostly with verbs compounded with se: to call anybody aside, aliquem sevocare: to take or lead anybody aside, aliquem seducere: to lay or put anything aside, aliquid seponere (properly); aliquid intermittere or omittere (figuratively, to give up anything; intermittere, for a time; omittere, entirely). To soy anything aside to anybody, aliquid alicui in aurem dicere.
ASININE, asininus (belonging to or proceeding from an ass: not in the sense of “stupid”). || Stupid: stolidus: fatuus:stupidus: hebes: tardus. (The words are found in this connection and order), stupidus et tardus.
ASK, interrogare, rogare aliquem, or (less frequently) de aliquo: anybody about anything, aliquem aliquid (or less commonly de re: both general terms, to ask for the purpose of getting an answer from anybody, or learning his opinion): sciscitari ex aliquo (to ask urgently; often from curiosity, with inquisitiveness, eagerness,or in an artful manner): quærere, exquirere, requirere ex or ab aliquo (to ask connectedly and accurately, to question for the purpose of arriving at certainty.Quærere is the proper word of a judge questioning an accused person): percunctari de or ex aliquo (to desire to know everything exactly: hence the proper wordfor asking the price of goods, v. Gellius, 9, 4, p. near the beginning: whether, utrum; if or whether anything, ecquid or quid, not si quid).To ask in a captious manner, captiose interrogare: to ask anybody for advice, consulere aliquem: to ask one’s way, rogare viam (†); exquirere iter. I had no occasion to ask that, hoc mihi non fuit quærendum. || Request: rogare: petere (general term for asking, whether as a request or a demand; in the middle, therefore, between poscere and orare, but somewhat nearer to a request: petere mostly refers to the object, rogare to the person: hence petere aliquid ab aliquo: rogare aliquem aliquid.) To ask almost with tears, omnibus precibus, pæne lacrimis etiam obsecrare aliquem: to ask anybody’s life, petere vitam (innocenti): to oak anything as a matter of right, aliquid jure quodam suo postulare. To be able to ask anything as (a matter of) right, aliquid jure quodam suo postulare posse:justam postulandi causam habere. || Invite: invitare: vocare: to dinner, aliquem ad cœnam vocare or invitare: to one’s house, aliquem domum suam invitare.|| Demand such a price: indicare (opposed to promittere, to offer so much). To ask 100 sesterces, indicare centum numis (or nummis). || Require:poscere: postulare: flagitare. Mostly by genitive or adjective with esse: this asks prudence, est prudentis [causa, res, tempus poscit; quum res postulabit: quætempus et necessitas flagitat). || To ask pardon, vid. PARDON. || To ask leave, veniam petere.
ASKANCE or ASKAUNCE, oblique:in obliquum. To look askance at anybody, aliquem limis oculis adspicere (Plautus), aliquem limis spectare (Terentius).
ASKAUNT, Vid. ASKAUNCE.
ASKER, rogator (e.g., hæc epistola non suasoria est, sed rogatoris, Cicero): interrogator (Ulpianus, Dig.). Participle, rogans: interrogans. To reply to an asker, interroganti alicui respondere.
ASLAKE (obs.), reprimere (e.g., ignem, sitim): opprimere (e.g., flammam): compescere (e.g., incendium): sedare (e.g., sitim).
ASLANT, oblique: in obliquum: ex obliquo: transverso: transverse: in transversum (across).
ASLEEP, in somno: somno. To be asleep, dormire (general term): dormitare (to be in a deep sleep): quiescere (to be at rest after exertion): somnum capere (to fall asleep). A person asleep, dormiens.I have not been asleep all night, somnumego hac nocte oculis non vidi meis (Terentius):totam noctem pervigilavi. To prevent anybody from falling asleep, aliquem somno prohibere. I easily fall asleep, facilis mihi est somnus (opposed to difficilis mihi est somnus). To put or lull asleep, sopire: consopire: alicui somnum afferre, parere, conciliare (properly): securum, lentum, or negligentem reddere, or facere (figuratively, of making a personcareless, lazy, etc.).
ASLOPE, obliqne: in obliquum.
ASP, aspis (the proper word, coluber in Linnæus). The bite of an asp, aspidis morsus.
ASPILATHUS, aspalathus.
ASPARAGUS, asparagus (aspharagus, Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarius, 84).
ASPECT, || look, aspectus [aspectus lætus, horridus, deformis turpisque]:visus (not visum): species: forma: facies (outward appearance, form: forma also of beautiful appearance: all five both of livingand lifeless things): os (with reference to the whole form of the face): vultus (with reference to the countenance). || Look (active); act of beholding, aspectus. || Direction (of local position): circumlocution by specto (mostly with ad, in), less frequently aspecto with accusative. To have an eastern aspect, ad orientem solem spectare. The situation and aspect of a villa are of great importance, permagni est, ubi sit posita villa, quo spectet (porticibus, ostiis ac fenestris, Varro). || Situation or prospect of affairs: status: conditio: locus: temporum ratio, or tempora, or res only, or a neuter adjective : the aspect of things is brighter, omnia jam hilariora sunt: the aspect of my affairs is brighter, res meæ meliore loco sunt: is darker, res meæ sunt minus secundæ; deteriore sum statu: the aspect of things is much changed, magna facta est rerum commutatio; versa sunt omnia: the unfavorable or threatening aspect of the times, iniquitas rerum or temporum.|| Aspect of the stars, aspectus (siderum, Plinius): positus ac spatia siderum (Tacitus):positura stellarum (Gellius).
ASPECT, v., aspectare: spectare.
ASPEN, populus tremula. || Adjective, populeus.
ASPERATE, asperare (Varro, Columella, Tacitus).
ASPERITY, asperitas: acerbitas (bitterness, roughness of things; of mind, voice, etc.: sharpness, e.g., of vinegar).To speak with asperity, aspere concitateque dicere. (The words are found in this connection and order), tristitia atque asperitas:asperitas et immanitas naturæ.
ASPERNATION, aspernatio (Cicero).
ASPERSE, aspergere aliquem aliquare (not aliquemn alone), or aliquid alicui [e.g., labem or labeculam (nonnullam) alicui aspergere (Cicero): aliquem macula aliqua aspergere (Cicero): aliquem infamia or lingua aspergere (Cicero): alicui aliquid mali faucibus afflare (rhetorical, Cicero)]:de fama or gloria alicujus detrahere: existimationem alicujus oppugnare: incurrere in alicujus famam: calumniari (to accuse falsely with bad intention): criminari (to blacken; to excite suspicion against anybody by accusation: aliquem apud aliquem): male dicere alicui (to speak ill of). Also aliquem variis rumoribus differre.
ASPERSION, || act of sprinkling, aspersio (aquæ, Cicero): aspersus (only in ablative, aspersu: perhaps only in Plinius).|| Calumny: calumnia: criminatio: labes or labecula alicui aspersa: nota alicuiaspersa (Ulpianus).
ASPHALTIC, bituminatus (e.g., aqua):bituminosus (e.g., terra: fontes, Vitruvius):bitumineus (Ovidius).
ASPHALTOS, bitumen (ἀσφαλτος).
ASPHODEL, asphodelus (asphodelus ramosus, Linnæus): pure Latin, albutium (according to Isidorus, Origines, 17, 9, 84).
ASPIC, aspis,
idis.
ASPIRATE, aspirare. To aspirate a consonant, consonanti aspirare or aspirationem adjicere (Quintilianus). Not to aspirate a corisonant, consonanti aspirationem detrahere.
ASPIRATE, adj., An aspirate, litera cui aspiratur, or cui aspiratio adjicitur (Quintilianus).
ASPIRATION,|| earnest desire (of something great): desiderium alicujus rei: magnum, summum, or incredibile alicujus rei deaiderium. To have lofty aspirations, perhaps alta mente præditum esse: excelsum quendam et altum, et humana despicientem genitum esse: altiore animo esse:magno rerum bonarom desiderio teneri, incensum esse: elate atque ample sentire. || Pronunciation of a letter with a rough breathing: aspiratio.To pronounce no consonant with an aspiration, nusquam nisi in vocali aspiratione uti.
ASPIRE TO, aspirare ad or in aliquid, or with local adverb in o (sometimes with dative or absolutely): sectari or consectari aliquid (to pursue it earnestly). Also petere or appetere aliquid: captare aliquid:studere alicui rei: concupiscere aliquid.To aspire to the praise we long for, ad eam laudem, quam volumus, aspirare (Cicero):to aspire to immortality, immortalitatem sectari: to aspire to any body’s good-will, benevolentiam alicujus consectari: to wealth or power, opes or potentiam consectari: to which you aspire, quo tu aspiras.
ASQUINT, to look asquint, limis spectare (of a single case): limis or perversis oculis esse, strabonem esse (to squint habitually).
ASS, asinus. Little ass, asellus. Young ass, colt of an ass, pullus asininus. The ass brays, asinus rudit. A wild ass, onager.|| As a word of contempt (= fool, dolt) the Romans used asinus only of a simple, sillyperson, [In me quidvis harum rerum convenit Quæ sunt dictæ in stultum, caudex stipes, asinus, plumbeus, Terentius]: stipes: truncus: æque hebes ac pecus, (Cicero). Ass’s skin, pellis asinina:milk, lac asininum.
ASSAIL, adoriri, aggredi aliquem; impetum facere or invadere in aliquem (all of enemies: invadere also of dogs): incurrere, incursare in with accusative (of running wildly against; e.g., of dogs, also the proper word of cavalry): tentare aliquem (of diseases): oppugnare aliquem (also especially of attacking a city; urbem oppugnare or impugnare): insectari aliquem vehementius:invehi in aliquem acerbius (of assailing with hard words). To assail with the sword, ferro petere aliquem, or (of provoking him; of acting on the offensive) ferro lacessere aliquem. To assail anybody from behind, a tergo adoriri aliquem: to assail any body with stones, aliquem saxis incessere: with prayers, entreaties, etc., precibus agere cum aliquo:precibus fatigare aliquem (to weary him with prayers): orare aliquem supplicibus verbis: to assail any body with prayers and almost with tears, omnibus precibus, pæne lacrimis etiam obsecrare aliquem.
ASSAILABLE, circumlocution by impugnari, oppugnari, etc., posse.
ASSAILANT, oppugnator (e.g., patriæ, Livius, salutis meæ, Cicero): or by circumlocution with verbs under ASSAIL (qui, etc., adoritur aliquem, lacessit, impugnat aliquem), or by their participles (invadens, etc.).
ASSAILER, oppugnator. Vid. ASSAILANT.
ASSASSIN, sicarius (one who makes murder a trade, of which the sica is his tool): percussor alicujus: auctor necis (one who actually struck the death-blow):interfector (general term occisor only in Plautus; peremtor, interemtor, late). To hire an assassin, conducere aliquem ad cædem faciendam: to hire an assassin to kill anybody, percussorem emere in aliquem: percussorem alicui subrnare. Sometimes insidiator (one who kills by treacheury).
ASSASSINATE, cædem (*ex insidiis) facere, committere: anybody, aliquem ex insidiis interficere: aliquem percutere (to strike): trucidare (cut down like an ox; butcher): to employ anybody to assassinate another, alicui negotium dare, ut aliquem interficiat.
ASSASSINATION, cædes:cædes ex insidiis facta: to accuse anybody of assassination, accusare inter sicarios (Cicero, Roscius, Am., 32, 90).
ASSAULT, v., adoriri, aggredi aliquem:impetum facere or invadere in ahquem:incurrere, incursare in aliquem: oppugnare or impugnare (urbem. etc„ also aliquem).With the sward, ferro petere or lacessere aliquem: in the rear, a tergo adoriri aliquem. [SYN. in ASSAIL.] || To commit an assault on anybody, alicui manus afferre, admovere, injicere:alicui vim afferre (also = to lay violent hands on, to kill): alicui vim et manus injicere (to commit violence): plagam or plagas alicui imponere, infligere, injicere (to strike anybody).
ASSAULT, s., impetus: incursus (both of enemies and of a disease): oppugnatio, impetus in locum factus (assault on a town). A personal assault, vis or verbera.To commit an assault upon anybody, alicui vim afferre (Cicero): vim facere in aliquem (Terentius). [Vid. ASSAULT, v. ] To accuse anybody of an assault, or bring an action of assault against anybody, aliquemreum facere de vi. To take a town, etc., by assault, vi or impetu capere: vi or per vim expugnare: impetu facto scalis capere. To determine on an as sault, exercitum ad urbem oppugnandam admovere: to order an anault, urbem vi adoriri or oppugnare: scalis muros aggredi.To commit a criminal
assault, vim or stuprum afferre alicui; stuprum inferre alicui; per vim stuprare aliquam; decus muliebre expugnare (Livius). [Vid. ATTACK, end.]
ASSAULTER, oppugnator. Vid. As SAILANT.
ASSAY, v., tentare, experiri, periclitari aliquem or aliquid: periculum facere alicujus or alicujus rei [Vid. difference in ASSAY, s.]: explorare aliquid: probare is in this meaning without classiacal authority.To assay my strength, tentare quid possim: let us assay our strength, experiamur, quid uterque possit: to as say, if. etc., experiri, si, , etc.: whether—or utrum—an, , etc. || Try, etc., tentare:conari: to assay (gold, etc.), aliquid ad obrussam exigere (obrussa, assay by fire); igni spectare aliquid and (figuratively) aliquem (Cicero): to assay anybody’s fidelity, alicujus fidem inspicere (Ovidius).
ASSAY, s., tentatio: tentamen (general term for trial: the former as act: the latter only in Ovidius, but doubtless current in prose): experimentum (trial for the purpose of obtaining experience): periculum (trial attended with risk). Assay of gold, obrussa (trial by fire): spectatio (e.g., pecuniæ). To make assay. Vid. to ASSAY, v.
ASSAYER, spectator (e.g., pecuniæ).
ASSECUTION, comparatio: adeptio.
ASSEMBLAGE, || assembly, Vid. || Collection of things: acervus: cumulus: congeries: strues (heap, pile. Syn. in HEAP): multitudo: thesaurus (assemblage of valuables): Cf., collectio is only the act of assembling; e.g., collectio membrorum Absyrti (Cicero): collectus occurs in Frontinus, de Limit, (collectus aquæ pluvialis).
ASSEMBLE, tr, cogere (properly, to drive together; to bring together to one point): congregare (to drive together like a herd): couvocare (to call together): conducere: contrahere (to draw together; e.g.. troops): to assemble the people, concionem vocare or convocare: the senate, senatum cogere or convocare: the troops (for the purpose of addressing them), milites in concionem convocare: to assemble troops at a given place, milites, copias in unum locum cogere, conducere, or contrahere.Intr., cogi: se congregare:convenire: coire (to come together): confluere:frequentes convenire (of flowing together in a large body): convolare (to fly together in haste): to assemble in the senate-house (after being summoned), in senatum or in curiam cogi.
ASSEMBLING (participial substantive), congregatio; convocatio.
ASSEMBLY, || of persons: conventus (assembly as meeting at a certain or appointed place): cœtus (assembly as meeting to assist in a common purpose): concio (assembly as summoned to listen to an address; e.g., of the people, of soldiers):circulus (assembly as circle conversing together, or standing round a speaker): corona (crowd encircling a speaker): consessus (a sitting assembly; e.g., of judges, spectators, etc.): concilium (a summoned assembly, in which one declares what is to be done): consilium (an assembly in which each person is to declare what he thinks should be done): comitia, plural, is an historical term for the meeting of the Roman people: acroasis (ἀκρόαοις, a conversazione: an assembly where one or more entertain the rest by singing, reading aloud, etc.). A numerous assembly, celeber conventus: celebritas (so far as a place is visited by numbers; is of much resort):frequentia (so far as an assembly is in itself numerous: so far as sufficient numbers are present). To summon an assembly, concionem vocare, advocare, or convocare: anybody to an assembly, aliquem ad concilium vocare: to hold an assembly, concilium or concionem habere: to dismiss an assembly, concilium or concionem dimittere (all these, of course, to be usedaccording to the meaning of concio, concilium, etc.).
ASSENT, v., assentiri or (more commonly) assentire alicui (ut, etc.): annuere (absolutely): consentire alicui rei or ad aliquid (to an offer or proposal): concedere alicui rei (to yield to it).
ASSENT, s., assensio: assensus: astipulatio: astipulatus. With my assent, me assentiente; me annuente.
ASSENTATION, assentatio (Cicero).
ASSERT, aio (to affirm a proposition by simply expressing it; opposed to nego):affirmare (to affirm it as certain: opposed to doubts and rumors, dubitare): asseverare (to assert strongly and in earnest; opposed to a light or jocular affirmation):defendere (to maintain a proposition that is attacked): contendere (to perseveringly maintain an opinion against contradicion): dicere (to say, without any accessory notion). To assert that anything is not so, negare. Democritus asserts that nobody can be a great poet without something of madness, Democritus negat sine furore quemquam poetam magnum esse posse. Vid. Not asserere. || Defend, defendere: defensare: from or against anybody, ab aliquo, contra aliquem, ab aliqua re: tueri: tutari (ab aliquo, ab aliqua re, contra aliquem
or aliquid): propugnare pro aliqua re. (The words are found in this connection and order), defendere etprotegere; defendere et propugnare [vid. DEFEND]. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Claim; vindicate a title to: rem sibi or ad se vindicare (by law or not): tenere: obstinere (to make good one’s right to a disputed possession):retinere (to withhold anything, not to give it up). In the poets and later prose writers, asserere aliquid alicui (sibi), or asserere only (se cœlo asserere, Ovidius. So “assert the native skies,” Dryd.; i.e., claim to be heaven-born: nec laudes assere nostras, Ovid.; nee sapientis nomen sibi asseruit, Quintilianus). To assert a right successfully, jus tenere, obtinere, retinere:to assert a right (= to endeavor to make it good), jus persequi: to assert one’s liberty (i.e., to escape from an actual servitude), se in libertatem asserere; se asserere (Ovidius).
ASSERTION, affirmatio: asseveratio (both as an action): sententia (opinion):opinio: decretum: dogma (opinion of a school in philosophy). To retract an assertion,sententiam mutare: revocare.Vid. Assertio is the maintaining in a court of justice that a person is a free man or a slave.
ASSERTIVE, aiens (opposed to negans):[affirmativus in grammar, Diomedes]. ”In a confident and assertive form,” affirmate (Cicero): affirmatissime (Gellius).
ASSERTER, assertor alicujus rei (vindicator; e.g., gladius assertor libertatis, Seneca): propugnator alicujus rei (e.g., libertatis, Cicero, a champion of a cause):defensor (a defender; also one who wards off anything): qui aliquid affirmat, etc., (affirmer: affirmator, late: Ulpianus, Tertullianus,Min. Fel.).
ASSESS, censere (to value anybody’s property with a view to taxation: to fix, therefore, not how much he is to pay, but what his whole ratable property is to be considered). To assess a town. etc, censere (to value all the property): tributa in singula capita imponere (to put so much on each individual). Also by circumlocution with tributum, vectigal, etc., imponere alicui or alicui rei: my estate is assessed very high, agris (meis) pergrande vectigal impositum est (Cicero). To be assessed, censeri; vectigal or tributum mihi impositum est: aliquid ex censu (quotannis) conferre or pendere (cf. omnes Siculi ex censu quotannis tributa conferunt, Cicero). I am assessed at two million sesterces, sestertii vicies ex censu (quotannis) confero.
ASSESSMENT, The nearest words are:tributum (poll-tax; income-tax): vectigal (land-tax): census (anybody’s estimated property): æstimatio (act of valuing).
As act: tributorum in singula capita distributio (dividing, among the ratepayers, the whole sum to be levied).
ASSESSOR, || one who sits by another, in court or council-room, to advise him: assessor: also synedrus(among the Greeks, of a member of a collegium, etc., Livius). || One who is next in dignity, qui assidet alicui (poetically after Horatius: assidet iusano): better, qui ad aliquem, or alicui prope, or proximus accedit: or by qui cum aliquo dignitate exæquatur (of actual equality): qui secundum locum dignitatis obtinet; qui alicui dignitate proximus est (of occupying the second place). The assessor of a throne, proximus or secundus a rege: secundum gradum imperii tenere. || Assessor of taxes, qui tributa in singula capita dividit:censor [vid. ASSESS]: æstimator:qui quantum a quoque viro ex censu conferendum sit, æstimat (?): exactor vectigalium (tax-gatherer).
ASSETS, The nearest, perhaps, fortuna tota (alone or with quam aliquis reliquit, if the person is dead, Phaedrus, 4, 5, 8): bona (all his goods).
ASSEVER, ASSEVERATE, asseverare. Vid. ASSERT, AFFIRM.
ASSEVERATION, asseveratio. Vid. AFFIRMATION.
ASS-HEAD, stipes, caudex, asinus.
ASSIDUITY, assiduitas (continued, uninterrupted exertion): sedulitas (indefatigable bustling activity in small matters):diligentia (careful and close application):industria (industry of a high and elevatedkind). Vid. INDUSTRY.
ASSIDUOUS, assiduus (constantly active):sedulus (busily active, bustling: opposed to piger): industrius (restlessly active in high matters: opposed to segnis):diligens (carefully and closely applying one’s thoughts and exertions to the attainment of an object). To be assiduous in any business, in re agenda, acrem et industrium esse.
ASSIDUOUSLY, assidue: industrie:diligenter: sedulo. Syn. in ASSIDUOUS.
ASSIEGE. Vid. BESIEGE.
ASSIGN, assignare (to assign anything to anybody, especially of lands to colonists: also munus alicui, a task, Cicero): attribuere alicui aliquid (general term for granting to a person: also of public lands, money, etc.): delegare aliquem (to refer anybody to another who is to do anything; to appoint a third person to pay another or to be paid by him: delegare est vice sua alium reum dare creditorivel cui jusserit, Ulpianus, Dig.; e.g., delegare debitorem, to refer anybody to one who is in my debt and will pay him: I will assign you to Epicurus, he will pay you; delegabo tibi Epicurum: ab illo fiet numeratio, Seneca. Also delegare alicui aliquem, cui numeret, to order him to pay a debt due to me to a third person). To assign lands to any body, assignare alicui agros: to assign public lands to the people, plebem in agris constituere; multitudinem in agris collocare: to assign the troops winter-quarters, hiberna constituere: to assign every man his task, suum cuique munus describere: money to anybody, attribuere alicui pecuniam: alicui pecuniam curare (scilicet, solvendam ab aliquo, to order it to be paid by a third person).|| To assign a reason, rationem, causam afferre: anything as an excuse, excusare aliquid. || In law: to prove or establish (as in, to assign error; false judgment; a waste. etc), planumfacere: planum facere
atque probare:testibus planum facere: or productis testibus probare (if by evidence).
ASSIGNABLE, qui, etc., assignari potest; qui ostendi, nominari, dici potest. There is no assignable cause, nulla ratio, or causa afferri potest: nihil affertur, or afferri potest (cur, etc.).
ASSIGNATS, literæ quæ de versura publica cavent.
ASSIGNATION, constitutum (assignation and place of assignation): to have an assignation with anybody, constitutum habere cum aliquo: to make an assignation with anybody, constituere alicui (Juvenalis, 3, 12, Rupert.): to keep an assignation, venire ad constitutum. Cf. These are general terms, not confined to the appointments of lovers. || The making over anything to anybody: assignatio: attributio: perscriptio: delegatio.Syn. of verbs in ASSIGN.
ASSIGNEE, no exact expression. Circumlocution by qui ab aliquo delegatur:qui mandata habet ab aliquo.
ASSIGNER, qui assignat, describit, etc. Vid. ASSIGN.
ASSIMILATE, simulare aliquid alicui; assimulare aliquid alicui: similem, facere:æquare: adæquare aliquid cum aliqua re: later, mostly in the historians, alicui rei. || To assimilate food: digerere cibos (to convey food in a proper manner to the different parts of the body, Celsus):concoquere cibos (to digest food).
ASSIMILATION, simulatio: assimulatio.|| Of food: digestio: concoctio (digestio is, according to Celsus, the passing of food, whether digested or not, to the proper parts of the body: concoctio is “digestion”).
ASSIST, juvare, adjuvare, opera adjuvare aliquem: in anything, in aliqua re:auxilium ferre alicui: auxiliari alicui:esse in auxilio alicui; opem ferre alicoi:opitulari alicui: succurrere alicui, subvenire alicui: subsidio venire alicui: sublevare aliquem. [SYN. in AID.] To assist anybody in doing anything, alicui opitulari in aliqua re facienda: alicui operam suam commodare ad aliquid: alicui operam præbere in aliqua re. Their bodily strength did not assist them, nihil iis corporis vires auxiliatßæ sunt (Cicero).To assist digestion, concoctiones adjuvare.
ASSISTANCE, auxilium: ops: subsidium: adjumentum: opera. [Syn. in AID, s.] By anybody’s assistance, alicujus auxilio, ope, adjumento: alicujus ope adjutus: aliquo adjuvante; aliquo adjutore; alicujus opera. Without foreign (i.e, another’s) assistance, sua sponte; per se: by the assistance of God, juvante Deo, divina ope or (if spoken conditionally) si Deus juvet or adjuvabit. To offer one’s assistance to anybody, offerre se, si quo usus operæ sit: toward or for anything, ad aliquid operam suam profiteri: to bring or bear assistance to anybody, alicui auxilium, opem auxiliumque, præsidium,suppetias or subsidium ferre: alicui auxilium offerre: alicui adesse or præsto esse (in time of need). To seek or call in the assistance of a physician, medico uti: medicum morbo adhibere: for a sick person, medicum ad ægrotum adducere.In every circumstance of life we require the assistance of our fellow-men, omnis ratio atque institutio vitæ adjumenta hominum desiderat: to send anybody to another’s assistance, aliquem auxilio or subsidio mittere: aliquem auxilii causa mittere: to send the infantry to the assistance of anybody, pedites alicui subsidio or suppetias mittere: to go to anybody’s assistance, alicui auxilio venire:alicui suppetias ire or proficisci: alicui subvenire or succurrere: to beg, etc., anybody’s assistance, auxilium, or opem, or opem atque auxilium, or præsidium petere ab aliquo.
ASSISTANT, adjutor (general term, also assistant teacher): socius (partner in anything; e.g., furtorum): minister:administer (one who is present and assists in a subordinate capacity: especially in a bad sense): collega (colleague): hypodidascalus (under-master). (The words are found in this connection and order), minister et adjutor; socius et particeps alicujus rei:servus et minister alicujus rei. To be anybody’s assistant in anything, alicujus socium esse in re: in a crime, sceleri affinemesse: to take anybody for one’s assistant, aliquem socium sibi adjungere:in anything, aliquem socium adhibere in re: to give any body anybody for an assistant in anything alicui dare aliquem ad rem adjutorem.
ASSISTANT, adj., adjuvans. To be assistant to anybody, juvare or adjuvare aliquem.Vid. To ASSIST.
ASSISTER, adjutor: qui opem, auxilium, etc., fert alicui: qui alicui adfuit, præsto fuit alicui (in need), etc. Vid. ASSISTANT.
ASSIZE, conventus (the coming together of persons, at a given time and place, for the trial of their causes). To hold an assize or the assizes, conventum agere: a judge of assize, qui jure dicundo conventus circumit. [Vid. CIRCUIT.] To have finished or returned from the assizes (i.e., a whole circuit), conventus peregisse.|| Assize of bread, pretium pani constitutum.
ASSIZER of bread, qui pretium pani constituit.
ASSOCIATE, v., TR., sociare: conjungere aliquid cum aliqua re: adjungere aliquid alicui rei: anybody with anybody, aliquem socium or cumitem addere alicui. To associate anybody with myself, ourselves, etc., aliquem in societatem assumere or ascribere (general term): aliqnem in collegium optare (of election into a corporate body by the members). INTR., || keep company with, aliquo femiliariter or intime uti; in familiaritate alicujusversari: also vivere cum aliquo; se comitem or socium adjungere alicui.|| Join one’s self to, se jungere or conjungere cum aliquo (general term):societatem inire, coire, facere cum aliquo (enter into a company, league, etc., with):fœdus facere cum aliquo (of a league or compact).
ASSOCIATE, adj., fœderatus: fœdere junctus: socius (ally).
ASSOCIATE, s., socius (partner, companion: bound to another by common interests: in any thing, alicujus rei; e.g., periculi; criminis): sodalis (comrade, companion: bound to another by liking, for enjoyment. etc.): particeps alicujus rei: consors alicujus rei (one who shares in an enjoyment or possession: the particeps [opposed to expers], voluntarily taking a part: the consors [opposed to exsors], because, without co-operating, he is entitled to a share: socius imperii, a coregent so far as he actually shares the business of a government; consors, as far as the office is merely honorary: particeps ejusdem landis; conjurationis, voluptatis: consors laboris, mendacitatis, vitiorum—in lucris atque fuartis): convictor (one who always lices with another): comes (companion: one who keeps company with another, especially on a journey, in walking, etc.): affinis alicujus rei or alicui rei (implicated in anything, mostly in something bad, affinis crimini: noxæ, culpæ).To declare his associates, conscios edere:to refuse to declare them, conscios celare.
ASSOCIATION,|| union, societas: to have formed a friendly association, societatem caritatis coiisse inter se. || A union of persons for a particular purpose: societas (for some common business: intellectual, commercial, etc.): sodalitas (a brotherhood; a union of companions; e.g., of certain priests at Rome; then of any similar association; e.g., of the free-masons): factio (a political party: mostly in a bad sense): collegium (a corporation; e.g., of merchants, priests, artisans, etc.). || ”Association of ideas:” Hand thinks that associatio idearum must be allowed as a technical term.
ASSORT, in genera digerere (after Cicero, De Or., 1, 42, 190): digerere: in ordinem digerere. Vid. ARRANGE.
ASSORTMENT, || act of arranging, etc., ordinatio: circumlocution with in genera digerere, etc. || A collection of goods, etc., properly arranged:merces in genera digestæ, but mostly by merces only, with a suitable adjective; e.g., “an assortment of foreign goods,” merces peregrinæ.
ASSUAGE, lenire: mitigare: mollire:levare; allevare; sublevare: temperare. [Syn. in ALLEVIATE.] To assuage hunger or thirst, famem or sitim sedare: sitim reprimere: famem or sitim explere, depellere. INTR., minui, se minuere, and minuere only: imminui: remitti: se remittere: levari; sublevari: leniri: mitigari. SYN. in ABATE.
ASSUAGEMENT, Vid. ALLEVIATION.
ASSUAGER, circumlocution by verbs under ASSUAGE [sedator, Arnobius].
ASSUASIVE, dolorem leniens or mitigans.
ASSUBJUGATE. Vid. SUBJUGATE.
ASSUEFACTION, circumlocution by assuefacere (alicui rei, or with the infinitive).
ASSUETUDE, assuetudo (to anything, alicujus rei).
ASSUME, || take, sumere: capere. To assume as a pretence, simulare. || Take or arrogate to one’s self, sumere:sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arrogare or tribuere: aliquid vindicare sibi or ad se: aliquid nsurpare. To assume the name of king, regium nomen sumere:regium nomen sibi asciscere: to assume the royal authority, regnum sibi vindicare: the praises of another, alius laudes vindicare ad se: great authority, magnam auctoritatem sibi sumere. || Take for granted: sumere, or habere, or putare pro certo: pro certo, or comprobato ponere, or ponere only. You hare assumed that the gods are happy, deos beatos esse sumsisti: this being assumed and granted, hoc posito et concesso (posito alone is bad). All philosophers assume, inter omnes philosophos constat.
ASSUMER, arrogans: insolens: soperbus.
ASSUMING, arrogans: insolens: superbus.
ASSUMPTION, vindicatio (act of claiming to one’s self): usurpatio (illegal assumption).|| Arrogance: arrogantia:insolentia: superbia. [Vid. ARROGANCE.]|| Postulate, sumtio (by which Cicero, translates the Greek λῆμμα): conjectura (conjectural assumption): præmissa syllogismi (in logic: assumtio is “the minor” proposition). On this assumption, hoc posito atque concesso. || Assumption into heaven (e.g., of the Virgin Mary), assumtio in cœlum; or by circumlocution with in cœlum assumi (after assumtus est in cœlum in the Creed).
ASSURANCE, fiducia (the proper word, the laudable trust in things we actually can trust, which is allied to the courage of trusting in ourselves): confidentia (a blamable, presumptuous trust, particularly in one’s own strength: opposed to foresight and discretion): audacia (confidence arising from contempt of danger: it may imply either praise or dispraise): audentia (laudable confidence; spirit of enterprise):fidentia (“Fidentia est per quam magnis et honestis in rebus multum ipse animus in se fiduciæ certa cum spe collocavit,” Cicero): fides (faith in a man’s honor): spes firma: spes certa (confident expectation): firma animi confisio: animus certos et confirmatus. The full assurance of safety, certa fiducia (e.g., salutis: opposed to spes). To cause assurance, fiduciam facere: alicui fiduciam afferre: to feel a full assurance, certain spem habere; magnam fiduciam habere.With assurance ( = firmness, boldness), fidenter: fidenti animo: ( = in a spirit of rash confidence) confidenter.|| Want of modesty, confidentia (e.g., videte quo vultu, qua confidentia dicant, Cicero): impudentia: os impudens, or durum, or ferreum: a man of consummate assurance, homo perfrictæ frontis. || A pledge or security for payment:fiducia (also a sale, on condition of being permitted to buy back the thing sold). To receive such an assurance, fiduciam accipere: to hold it, fiduciam commissam tenere.|| Positive and confident statement: circumlocution by confirmare aliquid ahcui: confirmare de aliqua re; or with the accusative and infinitive.He gave them a solemn assurance, which he confirmed by an oath, that he would let them pass unmolested through his territory, pollicitus est et jurejurando confirmavit, tutum iter per fines suos daturum.|| Insurance, Vid.
ASSURE,|| maintain the certainty of any thing: affirmare: confirmare (to assert the certainty of a thing emphatically):asseverare (to maintain a thing earnestly: asserere is bad in this sense) in the Golden Age with de, or the accusative and infinitive: pro certo affirmare:sancte affirmare: with an oath, jurejurando affirmare or confirmare. He assured them with an oath that he would give, etc., jurejurando confirmavit—daturum,etc. Be assured, persuadeas tibi; persuasum tibi sit; crede mihi, or, more commonly, mihi crede (parenthetically): persuadeas tibi velim; velim tibi ita persuadeas: sic volo tibi persuadere. You may be assured that I shall do every thing, illud cave dubites, quin ego omnia faciam, etc.To feel assured of anybody’s fidelity, ejus fides mihi cognita est. || Produce in anybody the feeling of certainty about anything: fiduciam facere alicui; fiduciam afferre alicui. To feel assured of or about anything, magnam fiduciam habere alicujus rei. || Betroth: despondere aliquem alicui; desponsare (later. Suetonius).
ASSURED,|| certain (objectively: of things): certus: exploratus: non dubius.It is an assured experience, inter omnes constat or constat only: a man of assured integrity, vir spectatæ fidei. || Certain (subjectively: of persons), certus.|| Having unbecoming assurance impudens.
ASSUREDLY, || surely; without doubt: certe, certo (the former relating more to the persuasion of the speaker; the latter to the real state of the case: both certe scio and certo scio occur; the latter more commonly: certe is used objectively in certe evenire [Pract. Intr., ii., 561, etc.]: liquido (with clearness; with full certainty; without hesitation; e.g., dicere; confirmare, Cicero: jurare, Terentius): haud dubie: sine ulla dubitatione (like certe: to intimate that the speaker entertains no doubt of the truth of his assertion): profecto (i.e., for a fact: a strong assertion, that the statement made is objectively true: also the “doubtless” of assumption; as in “assuredly you are now at Rome,” nunc quidem profecto Romæ es): sane (certainly; of which a sane mind can not entertain a doubt: used, also, in replies):næ (nearly = profecto, but stands only at the head of a sentence, mostly before a personalpronoun): recte (assuredly; you are right: a courteous assent in replies):utique (a restrictive particle of assertion: in Cicero, chiefly in his letters, with imperative,subjunctive, and other expressions of wishing, advising, or cominanding): nimirum (of what is so certain, that it would be surprising if it were otherwise; e.g., nimirum recte). Cf., “Assuredly,” in a sentence containing a positive assertion, may often be translated by non dubito, quin, etc. Assuredly this can happen, non dubito, quin hoc fieri possit. || IF NOT—YET ASSUREDLY (= at all events), si non—at saltem; si non—certe. || “Assuredly,” as an answer, certe: sane or vero (often with the verb used in the question): sane quidem. Sometimes recte: optime (of courteous assent). “Do you grant us this?” “Assuredly (I do),” dasne hoc nobis? do sane. [Pract. Intr., ii., 148, 149.] || lronically, certe; quidem certe; nempe; scilicet; videlicet; nimirum (of these, certe is the only one that can stand alone). || I believe anything assuredly, persuasum est mihi; persuasi mihi: to know assuredly, certo (pro certo) scire: pro explorato habere aliquid; certum, exploratum or compertum habere aliquid.
ASSURER, qui cavet de or pro aliqua re (he who gives the security):qui cautionem adhibet alicui rei (he who takes the security).
ASTERISK, asteriscus (ἀστερίσκος).
ASTERISM, Vid. CONSTELLATION.
ASTERN, by circumlocution with puppis.”Those astern,” qui in puppi sunt or sedent.
ASTHMA, dyspnœa (δύσπνοια): anhelatio: spiritus angustior; angustiæ spiritus.
Also meatus animæ gravior et sonantior (after Plinius, 6, 16, 13). To have the asthma, dyspnœa laborare: gravem tardumque spiritum expedire.
ASTHMATIC, ASTHMATICAL, angusti pectoris:spiritus ansrustioris: dyspnoieus: asthmaticus. To be asthmatic, alicui spiritus difficilius redditur.
ASTONISH, in stuporem dare; obstupetacere (to astound). Circumlocution by mihi mirum videtur, etc. You astonish me by, etc., mirum mihi videtur, te, etc.:to be astonished, obstupescere; obstupefieri; stupefieri (to be astounded: also stupor me invadit: aliquid stupidum me tenet): mirari, admirari, demirari aliquid: accusative with infinitive, or aliquid.I am astonished at your not writing to me, miror te ad me nihil scribcre. I am astonished at your not laughing, miror quod non rideas, or te non ridere. Vid.
ASTONISHMENT.
ASTONISHING, stupendus: admirabilis: mirus: mirificus: mirabilis. Sometimes ingens, immanis (huge, immense).
An astonishing amount of money, immanes pecuniæ. To perform astonishing cures, mirabiliter mederi ægrtis (Plinius).
ASTONISHINGLY, stupendum in modum: mirum in modum: mirandum inmodura: mirabiliter: valde.
ASTONISHMENT, miratio: admiratio.To create astonishment, admirationem efficere, movere, habere: to feel astonishment, admiratione affici, admiratio me incendit: to fill anybody with astonishment, aliquem in admirationem conjicere.
ASTOUND, Vid. ASTONISH.
ASTRADDLE, To ride astraddle, eo, quo homines solent modo, equitare.
ASTRAGAL, astragalus.
ASTRAL, Vid. STARRY.
ASTRAY, To go astray, errare (also figuratively): errore vagari: vagari et errare: to lead astray, a recta via deducere (properly): inducere aliquem in errorem (figuratively): intentionally, purposely, scientem: transversum agere aliquem (to lead him astray from the path of virtue). To be far astray (figuratively), in errore versari: errore captum esse.
ASTRICT, astringere (optposed to solvere).
ASTRICTION, astrictio (Plinius: astringent power): constrictio (act of binding together: then, of the intestines by medicines: late); contractio (general term, opposed to remissio: porrectio). Astriction of the bowels, alvus astricta or restricta.
ASTRICTIVE, Vid. ASTRINGENT.
ASTRIDE, [Vid. ASTRADDLE.] Observe, varicare is to stand with the legs wide apart: divaricatis cruribus or pedibus is “with legs or feet wide apart.”
ASTRIFEROUS, astrifer (poetically and post-Augustan).
ASTRINGE, astringere (e.g., alvum: opposed to solvere: also of intense cold, etc.): constringere (to tie tightly together).
ASTRINGENCY, astrictio: astrictoria vis (astringent power: herba gustus amari cum astrictione, Plinius: folia astrictoriam vim habent, Plinius).
ASTRINGENT, astrictorius (Plinius, astrictoria vis): constrictivus (in late medical writers).
ASTROLOGER, astrologus: mathematicus: Chaldæus (as far as mathematicians and Chaldæans foretold events by the stars): Chaldaicis rationibus eruditus.
ASTROLOGICAL, by genitive, astrologorum [astrologicus, Boeth.]. Sometimes Chaldaicus; e.g., astrological calculations, rationes Chaldaicæ.
ASTROLOGIZE, mathematicæ addictum esse (after Suetonius, Tib., 69): Chaldaicis rationibus eruditum esse.
ASTROLOGY, astrologia (in classical Latin the regular word for “astronomy;” afterward = “astrology”): ratio sideralis or scientia sideralis (knowledge of the stars, especially if used to foretell events by it: the former objective; the latter subjective): rationes Chaldaicæ (astrology, as an art practiced by the Chaldæans, Cicero):mathematica (e.g., in mathematicæ addictus, Suetonius): Chaldaicum prædicendi genus (Cicero).
ASTRONOMER, astrologus; cœli ac siderum peritus: astronomus (post-Augustan). Vid. ASTROLOGER.
ASTRONOMICAL, astronomicus: ad sideralem rationem spectans or pertinens.
ASTRONOMY, astrologia, astronomia (the former the classical word: the latter post-Augustan): cœli dimetiendi ratio or studium (the measuring of the heavens: ratio the science, studium the practice of it): lunaris ratio is observation of the moon, as a prognostic of the weather.
ASTUTE, Vid. CUNNING.
ASUNDER, seorsum, but mostly by dis or se in composition; e.g., to cut or cleave asunder, discidere (ferro): discindero (also with
ictu): difflndere: to be or remain asunder, distare (inter se: to be at a certain distance apart): separatum esse, disjunctum inter se esse: to saw asunder, serra dissecare: to dwell asunder, scorsum et non una habitare: to draw asunder, diducere: distrahere (drag asunder by violence).
ASYLUM, asylum (the strict sense, of a sacred place of refuge): perfugium (general term, any place, thing, or person that offers security): refugium (a secret place of refuge, as far as possible removed from danger): receptus (a place to which one withdraws): receptaculum (a place which receives and protects one). To offer an asylum to anybody, perfugium præbere; refugium dare. To fly to an asylum, in asylum perfugerc. Vid. REFUGE.
ASYMMETRICAL, non or parum æqualis: inæquabilis: parum congruens.To be asymmetrical, parum inter se consentire: nullos habere commensus proportionis.
ASYMMETRY, Inæqualitas: ἀσνμμετρία, ut Græco verbo utar.
ASYMPTOTE, linea quæ circulum, etc., tangit, neque secat:linea, quæ circulum, etc., ita tangit, ut non secet.
AT, || with names of towns, etc.: genitive case of singular nouns of first or second declension: ablative of other nouns.
At Rome, Romæ: at Athens, Athenis: at Pessinus, Pessinunte. Cf. If the action did not take place in, but only near the place, the preposition ad or apud must be used. The battle fought at the Trebia, at Cannæ, etc., pugna ad Trebiam, ad Cannas (mostly with, but in Livius, also, without commissa, for which Livius once only uses the genitive. Si Trasimeni quam Trebiæ, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior fuit). The mutiny which began at Sucro, seditio militum cœpta apud Sucronem. “To be waiting at Rome for a triumph,” is ad urbem esse (the general claiming the triumph not being permitted to enter the city till his request was granted or refused). To take anything from , the temple of Diana at Ephesus, tollere aliquid Epheso (ablative,seldom Ephesi) ex fano Dianas. [Vid. Pract. Intr., ii., p. 271, caution f.] Cassius is at Antioch with his whole army, Cassius in oppido Antiochiæ est cum omni exercitu (i.e., in Antloch, Cicero.): Cassius ad Antiochiam est cum omni exercitu (i. e., before or near Antioch). || “At,” with “home,” ” house;” genitive of domi.Is your brother at home? domine est frater? at my house, domi meæ: but also in domo mea, and domi apud me. With “to dine,” (cœnare) apud with the accusative of the person, apud aliquem cœnare. Cf. At my, thy, another’s, etc., house, is mostly meæ, tuæ, suæ, nostræ, vestræ alienæ domi: but when there is another adjective or a genitive of the possessor, the preposition is more common; e.g., in domo Cæsaris, but also domi Cæsaris.To stay at home, domi manere, remanere : domi se tenere or retinere. [Vid. HOME, HOUSE.] || With other local relations: mostly by ad. To stand at the door, ad ostium astare: to be at the gates, esse ad portas: but to halt, etc., at two miles’ distance is, consistere, etc., a millibus passuum duobus. To learn any thing at school, in schola aliquid discere (Quintilianus).|| Observe. The preposition “at” after a verb is often not expressed; e.g., to aim at anybody, petere aliquem: to laugh at anything, ridere aliquid: aliquid risu excipere (to receive it with a laugh).
AT, with relations of time: ablative case: at that time, eo tempore. Of an appointed time, ad: to assemble at the day fixed, ad diem convenire. At the right time, at the nick of time, tempore: ad tempus (of an appointed time): suo tempore (of events; etc., happening at their proper time). || At a party, dinner, etc., in convivio (Terentius): inter cœnam (of anything happening at dinner-time, Cicero).|| At once—AND ( = both — and); idem — idem (e.g., fuere qui iidem ornate, iidem versute dicerent).
AT, of an occasion, etc., sometimes ad. To raise his eyes at the name of Thisbe, ad Thisbes nomen oculos erigere (Ovidius).
AT, with words of cost, price, etc.: ablative of the price; e.g., to live at enormous expense, profusis sumtibus vivere: to be provided at a small charge, parvo curata esse. But Cf., (1) tanti, quanti, with their compounds, pluris, minoris, are always in the genitive. (2) With verbs of valuing, magni, parvi, maximi, minimi, plurimi, also stand in the genitive: but magno, permagno, parvo, are also found with æstimare. κυρικιμασαηικο(3) With verbs of price, magno, permagno, minimo, parvo, plurimo, nimio, vili, always in the ablative. (4) Mulfi, majoris, are not used, but magni, pluris (majoris once in Phædrus). Cf. For such forms as “at least,” “at most,” “at hand,” “at once,” etc., Vid. LEAST, MOST, HAND, ONCE, etc. ATHEISM, eorum impietas, qui Deum esse negant.
ATHEIST, atheus (Cicero, ἀθεος ): qui nullum esse omnino Deum putat; qui Deum (or deos) esse negat: homo impius (general term).
ATHEISTICAL, ATHEOUS, impius.
ATHIRST, sitieus: siticulosus: figuratively, alicujus rei avidus; appetens. [Vid. THIRSTY] To be athirst, sitire.
ATHLETIC, valens: validus: lacertosus: corpore vigens: corpore validus:corpore robusto. (The words are found in this connection and order), robustua et valens.SYN. in STRONG.
ATHWART, in transversum: transverse: ex transverso. || Across, preposition. Vid.
ATLAS, || geographical atlas, tabularum geographicarum volumen, or tabulæ geographicæ. || A kind of silk, sericus pannus densus et collustratus.
ATMOSPHERE, aer (the denser air of the lower regions of the atmosphere: opposed to æther, the tipper, purer air): cœlum (the heavens; the whole atmosphere; also temparature, climate). A pure atmosphere, aer parus: healthy, cœlum salubre or bonum; aer salubris.
ATMOSPHERICAL, by the genitive, aeris or cœli.
ATOM, atomus, i, f. (ἡ ἀτομος): corpus individuum (Cicero): corpus individuum et solidum (Cicero): corpus insecabile (Vitruvius, Quintilianus). || Used hyperbolically for a very small portion: not an atom, ne minimum quidem; ne tantillum quidem.
ATONE, || agree, Vid. || Atone (=expiate, etc.) anything or for any thing, aliquid luere, expiare, pœnas aticujus reidare, pendere, dependere, espendere, solvere: by death, with his life, luere morte, capite. Sometimes compensare aliquid cum aliqua re or aliqua re (to make a compensation or give an equivalent for it).|| Reconcile, placare: expiare: mitigare or lenire [SYN. in APPEASE]: animum allicujus in aliquem offensiorem recolligere: placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem: aliquem cum aliquo reconciliare, or reducere, or restituere in gratiam: alicujus animum alicui reconciliare. To atone enemies, inimicos in gratiam reconciliare; componere gratiam inter inimicos (Comedy).
ATONEMENT, satisfactio (satisfaction for an injury: e.g., for killing a person):pœna (genaral term for punishment): piaculum (in religious matters): placamentum (that by which atonement is made). A sacrifice of atonement, mors qua numen placatur or expiatur. To require atonement from anybody, piaculum ab aliquo exigere. To make atonement for anything, aliquid expiare, luere. [Vid. ATONE] || Reconciliation, etc., placatio (act of appeasing): reconciliatio concordiæ or gratiæ ( reconciliation): reditus in gratiam. To make atonement between persons, aliquem alicui or in aliquem placare: aliquem cum aliquo reconciliare: aliquem or alicujus animum alicui reconciliare.
ATOP, by adjective summus in agreement: “atop of which,” in quo summo.
ATRABILARIAN, melancholia.
ATRABILIOUS, melancholicus.
ATROCIOUS, dirus (exciting horror: property of things; e.g., exsecratio):atrox (exciting fear; e.g., facinus): fœdus (foul): abominandus: detestandus:detestabilis (detestable): nefandus: nefarius (the former of actions: the latter of men, their thoughts and actions): immanis (shocking: of actions): teter (hideous, shocking; abominable in character and conduct). An atrocious villain, homo omni parte detestabilis: homo impurus:monstrum hominis.
ATROCIOUSLY, atrociter: immaniter: fœde: tetre.
ATROCIOUSNESS, ATROCITY, atrocitas: fœditas: immanitas.|| An atrocity, atrox facinus, etc.
ATROPHY, tabes (general term): atrophia,in Celsus, in Greek characters; afterward in Latin.
ATTACH, || bind to one’s self aliquem sibi adjungere: aliquem sibi devincire: by anything, aliquare: by presents, donis sibi obstringere aliquem; præmiis sibi devincire aliquem. Sometimes capere (to captivate: of female beauty); tenere: detinere: aliquem ad se trahere, attrahere or perducere; aliquem in suas partes dncere or trahere; aliquem suum facere (to bring over to one’s party or side): aliquem sibi facere or reddere amicum: alicujus amicitiam sibi parare, comparare, conciliare; animum alicujus sibi conciliare et ad usus suos adjungere (to gain anybody’s friendship). || Arrest, comprehendere (general term): in custodiam dare: in vincula conjicere (throw into prison). To attack great importance to the circumstance, that, etc.,plurimi faciendum existimare, quod, etc.|| Seize, Vid.
ATTACHMENT, amor: voluntas: caritas: studium: benevolentia (SYN. in AFFECTION]: toward anybody, amor in, erga, adversus aliquem: benevolentia, voluntas in or erga aliquem. From attachment, propter amorem or benevolentiam. [More under AFFECTION] || Arrest, comprehensio (e.g., sontium): prehensio.
ATTACK, v., adoriri, aggredi aliquem:impetum facere, or invadere in aliquem:incurrere or incursare in aliquem: oppugnare or impugnare (urbem, etc.; also aliquem): also signa inferre in hostem; signis infestis inferri in hostem: with the sword, ferro petere or lacessere aliquem:in the rear, a tergo hostes adoriri; hostium
terga impugnare: in front, in adversos hostes impetum facere: in flank, in latus hostium incurrere: in two bodies, signa bipartito inferre: to be attacked before and behind, ancipiti acie opprimi (Curtius).|| To attack with words: dicto or convicio incessere, lacessere, insectari, consectari, adoriri aliquem (general term): (acerbius) invehi in aliquem (inveigh against): petere aliquem: pugnare contra aliquid: impugnare aliquid: in controversiam vocare aliquid (combat a proposition). To attack a man’s opinion, impugnare alicujus sententiam: a man’s reputation, glory, etc., de fama or gloria alicujus detrahere dignitatem alicujus impugnare; alicujus existimationem oppugnare; incurrere in alicujus famam:to attack openly, aperte petere aliquid: secretly, covertly, occulte cuniculis oppugnare aliquid (Cicero., Agr., 1, l, near the beginning). || To be attacked by a disease: tentari morbo (of a light attack): corripi morbo (of a severe attack): to attack the eyes, aciem oculorum obtundere.
ATTACK, s., petitio (act of aiming at):impetus: incursio: incursus (general term, the last two mostly of violent attacks):excursio (of light troops): concursus:congressus (the mutual attack of two parties): impugnatio: oppngnatio (especially assault of a town). An unprovoked attack, bellum ultro illatum. Frequent attacks of cavalry, procella equestris (Livius). At, or on, the first attack, primo impetu: primo congressu: to order an attack of cavalry, immittere equites in hostem: to give or sound the signal for attack, bellicum canere: to defeat an attack, impetum frangere, reprimere, propulsare: to stand against an attack, impetum excipere, ferre, or sustinere: to check an attack, impetum tardare or retardare: to be ready, etc., for making an attack, infestis signis consistere. In a wider sense, “to make an attack on anybody’s property,” involare in possessiones alicujus: on a female’s virtue, puellæ pudicitiam aggredi or attentare; puellam tentare; puellam de stupro appellare: feminam in stuprum illicere.
ATTAIN TO, parare: comparare: acquirere: colligere: nancisci: adipisci:consequi: assequi: obtinere. [More under ACQUIRE].|| Reaci, equal: consequi: assequi (to equal any body in a property: assequi mostly of attaining to the property itself): adæquare, exæquare (to attain to a property in an egual degree). (The words are found in this connection and order), exæquare et assequi: æquare (to equal anybody in a property: less commonly, to attain to a property in an equaldegree). To be far from having attained to an equality with anybody, multum abesse ab aliquo: to attain to anything, or to an equality with anybody, by imitation, aliquem or aliquid imitari: aliquem imitando consequi. || Arrive at. To attain to extreme old age, ad summam senectutem pervenire: the same degree of honor as another, eos honorum gradus.quos alius, assequi: an object, ad id quod volumus (cupimus), venire or pervenire; eo, quo aliquis vult, pervenire: eo, quo aliquis intendit, ferri ac deduci. To attain a wish; the object of my desires, etc., optatnm impetrare (by entreaty); voticompotem or participem fieri; voti damnari; voto potiri.
ATTAINABLE, quod adipisci queas:quod obtineri potest: impetrabilis (attainable by entreaties).
ATTAINDER, damnatio: condemnatio (post-Angustan). To reverse anybody’s attainder, resacrare aliquem (Nepos; i.e., to retract the formal execration publicly pronounced against a state criminal).|| Stain: labes: macula.
ATTAINMENT, comparatio: adeptio [SYN. in ACQUISITION]: of popularity or favor, conciliatio gratiæ. || Attainments:doctrina: eruditio: literæ. A person of great attainments, multarum rerum cognitione imbutus; eruditissimus; optimis artibus eruditus; homo in quo multæ sunt literæ: of great and various attainments, in quo est copia et varietas studiorum.
ATTAINT, damnare: condemnare, [Vid. CONDEMN.] || Corrupt. Vid. TAINT.
ATTEMPER, temperare: moderari:modum or moderationem adhibere alicui rei or in aliqua re: continere: coercene (to restrain it properly): lenire: mitigare: mollire (soften; make less harch). [SYN. in TEMPER.] || Fit to any thing: accommodare aliqnid alicui rei or ad rem: facere or efficere, ut aliquid cougruat or conveniat cum re.
ATTEMPERATE. Vid. ATTEMPER.
ATTEMPT, v., tentare: experiri: conari: periclitari (aliquem or aliquid; e.g., periclitari Romanos, Nepos): periculum facere alicujus or alicujus rei: moliri (to endeavor to effect a great and difficult work): audere (to attempt a great and dangerous work). [Vid, TRY] || Attempt anybody’s mind: sollicitare aliquem or alicujus animum; e.g., pretio: pecunia:pellicere aliquem.
ATTEMPT, s., conatus, us, m. in plural, also conata (attempt, as the beginning of an undertaking): periculum (trial by which, with danger to one’s self, one arrives at experience: periclitatio, as action):experimentum (trial, contrived for the purpose of learning the nature of anything). An unlucky or unsuccessful attempt, res infelicis operæ; res infeliciter tentata: a vain attempt, conatus frustra captus: to make an attempt, periculum facere; conatum incipere or facere (incipere of beginning to make it; facere of actually carrying it through, Cicero, Cat., 2, 12, 27): against anybody or anything, contra aliquem or aliquid. To make an attempt upon anything, tentare aliquid (e.g,, on a camp castra).
ATTEMPTER, tentator (πειραστής: Horatius, one who attempts to seduce a female).
ATTEND, || pay attention to: attendere aliquem or aliquid (not ad aliquem, ad aliquid: but attendere animum or animos ad aliquid is correct, Krebs):animum attendere, animum advertere ad aliquid: curare aliquid (care about it; look after it): servare: observare (observe): alicujus rei rationem habere, ducere (regard it; take it into account): to attend to the household affairs, negotia domestica curare: domus officia exsequi (of the mistress of a family): res domesticas dispensare (of the steward, etc.): to attend to one’s studies, colere stadia: deservire studiis. Not to attend to, negligere aliquem or aliquid. INTRANS., || pay attention, animum attendere, intendere, advertere: animo adesse (general term):aures erigere animumque attendere, or erigi only, or se erigere (of auditors).Attend! adestote animis, erigite mentes auresque vestras, et me dicentem attendite! (Cicero). [Vid. ATTENTION]. || Accompany (as attendants), or be consequent to (as a following train), comitari aliquem or aliquid: comitem alicujus esse: comitem se alicui dare, adjungere:prosequi aliquem or aliquid: deducere aliquem (i.e., attend a Roman senator) [SYN. in ACCOMPANY]: sequi (to follow):famulari (to attend as servant): apparere (to be in attendance on a royal personage, or one in high office, as scribe, lictor, etc.).To be attended by a crowd, stipari (e.g., non usitata frequentia). || To attend a sick person: ægrotum curare: assiduously, etc., ægroto assidere. || Wait for : opperiri (aliquem or aliquid): præstolari alicui or (but not in Cicero) aliquem: manere aliquem: exspectare aliquem or aliquid. [Syn. in WAIT FOR.] || Await:manere alicui or aliquem: imminere (hang over him). || Attend to a business: dare operam alicui rei (one’s business, duty, etc.): munere suo fungi: muneris sui officiis satisfacere: exsequi munus officii: colere, obire munus. || Be present at; to attend public, worship, sacris adesse. || Visit anybody, convenire aliquem.
ATTENDANCE, ministerium (as domestic, scribe, etc.: ministratio in Vitruvius only): salutatio: officium (attendance on a superior to pay him respect). Daily attendance, assiduitas quotidiana (carrying with it the notion of zeal, etc.). To dance attendance on anybody, assiduitatem alicui præbere: in anybody’s ante-chamber, in vestibulo ædium opperiri salutationem (Gellius, 4, 1, near the beginning). || Body of attendants: ministerium, or plural ministeria (Silver Age): famuli: ministri (servants):comitatus: assectatio (attending body or train: the latter, train of clients, etc, following to show respect): stipatio (dense crowd accompanying anybody = “suite,” “train”). || Attention, Vid. || Attendance on a sick person: curatio, cura, are the nearest words: mostly by circumlocution.
ATTENDANT, comes (companion: general term): assecla: assectator (a servant, client, friend, etc., accompanying a person to do honor to him): deductor (one who attends another to his house to do him honor): famulus (domestic servant): minister (servant or assistant for the performance of any office; e.g., the servants who wait at table). Vid. “body of atlendants,” under ATTENDANCE.|| To be an attendant at anything, adesse alicui rei (of mere presence): interesse alicui rei (if present to take a share in managing it): to be an attendant at church, sacris adesse.
ATTENT, Vid. ATTENTIVE.
ATTENTION, attentio animi (Cicero, De Or., 2, 35, 150): more commonly intentio (both, the steady direction of the thoughts toward an object): audientia (attention to a speaker; for which also intentio is used):diligcntia (careful attention to a task, etc.: opposed to indiligentia): studium: officium: officium et cultus (obliging attention to a person). Attention to any thing, observatio alicujus rei (act of observing it): to one’s self, animadversio (Cic, De Off, 1, 29, 103). To procure attention to one’s self (of a speaker), sibi or orationi suæ audientiam facere: the attention of an audience, auditores sibi facere attentos:to keep or rivet any body’s attention, aures alicujus tenere. To direct one’s attention to anything; to pay attention to anything, animum attendere, advertere ad aliciuid; animum intendere, animum defigere et intendere in (seldom ad) aliquid; tenere animum attentum, referre animum ad aliquid; cognitationem intendere ad rem; operam dare alicui rei (e.g., to a play, fabulæ). To be paying great attention, to anything,
acriter animum intendere ad aliquid. To call anybody’s attention to somethinsr (that he might otherwise forget or omit), monure aliquem with ut. To call or draw any body’s attention to one’s self, convertere aliquem or alicujus animum in or ad se: to attract attention, conspici (absolute): conspicuum esse: by anything, aliqua re (of things and persons that strike one by their unusual appearance). To draw people’s attention to anybody, aliquem conspicuum facere.
Anything occupies the attention of men, aliquid occupat cogitationes hominum.To pay attention to a person, observare aliquem: colere et observare aliquem (Cicero): officium et cultum alicui tribuere: adesse animo: erigere mentem auresque (to prick up one’s ears and attend to a speaker): marked attention, aliquem præter ceteros or perofficiose observare: diligenter observare et colere aliquem: signiticare studium erga aliquem non mediocre: marked and affectionate attention,perofficiose et peramanter observare aliquem (Cicero). || “With attention.” Vid. ATTENTIVELY.
ATTENTIVE, attentus: intentus (with the mind on the stretch): erectus (mentally excited). Very attentive, perattentus.To be very attentive: Vid. “to pay, etc., attention,” under ATTENTION: to make anybody attentive, aliquem attentum facere: excitare animos, ut attendant. More under ATTENTION.
ATTENTIVELY, attente: intente: very attentively, perattente. To look at attentively, acrius contueri, or only contueri, conspicere (Bremi ad Nepos, Chabr., 1, 2):acri animo et intento intueri: very attentively, acerrime contemplari. To listen attentively, diligenter attendere, attente, or attento animo, or sedulo audire aliquem:præbere se alicui attentum auditorem; adesse animo (animis); erigere mentem (mentes) auresque, et aliquem dicentem attendere (of listening to an orator): anything, attente audire aliquid. He is not listening attentively, aures ejus peregrinantur: to follow anything attentively, animo sequi aliquid.
ATTENTIVENESS, Vid. ATTENTION.
ATTENUATE, attenuare: extenuare (to make thinner, literally; then, figuratively, to lessen, with respect to time orstrength): diluere (to dilute; e.g., vinum, potionem).
ATTENUATE, attenuatus: extenuatus (e.g., aer extenuatus).
ATTENUATION, extenuatio.
ATTEST, || bear evidence to: testari (general term): attestari: testificari: testimonio confirmare (confirm by one’s evidence): testimonio esse: testem esse (to be a witness: the former of things, the latter of persons): affirmare (to affirm positively): clamare (to cry out). || Call to witness: testari aliquem, testem facere aliquem: God, Deum testari or Deum invocare testem: gods and men, deos hominesque testari, or contestari: antestari aliquem (in legal matters, before the introduction of a cause into court. Thequestion put was, licet antestari? If the party consented, the person appealing to him touched the tip of his ear. In nonjudicial matters it occurs only in Cic, pro Milone, 25, 68).
ATTEST, ATTESTATION, testimonium: to give attestation, testimonium dare (both of persons and things): to bring forward attestation, testimonium perhibere (of persons): testimonium alicujus rei proferre: testimonium alicujus rei afferre. To be or serve for an attestation, alicujus rei esse testimonium. Vid. WITNESS.
ATTIRE, v., vestire: convestire: veste tegere: veste induere aliquem: veste amicire aliquem. To be attired, vestiri, amiciri aliqua re. Vid. ARRAY, DRESS.
ATTIRE, s., vestis: vestitus: cultus:vestis ornatus. (The words are found in this connection and order), vestitus atque ornatus.Vid. DRESS.
ATTITUDE, status (manner in which anything stands: hence, also, position of a combatant): habitus: corporis habitus (attitude).To throw himself into an attitude of surprise, fear, flattery, etc. (of an orator), in habitum admirationis, metus, adulationis se fingere (Quintilianus): an unseemly attitude, status indecorus. An erect attitude, status erectus or celsus. To have a statue made in that attitude, illo statu statuam fieri voluit.
ATTORNEY, causidieus (in a depreciating sense): advocatus (legal assistant or adviser, who made himself useful to a party in an action by his presence and advice in court): cognitor (in civil causes, the agent of a party present): procurator (agent of one not present): leguieius:formularius (a narrow-minded lawyer, who attended only to the letter of the law, not toits spirit: he may, however, be cautious and acute, Cicero). A noisy attorney, rabula de foro.
ATTORNEYSHIP, opera forensis: causidicatio (general term: the latter ap. Fron., Ep. ad Merc. Anton.): advocatio: procuratio. Syn. in ATTORNEY.
ATTRACT, Properly || attrahere: ad or in se trahere: ad se allicere et trahere.The magnet attracts iron, magnes lapis attrahit, or ad se allicit et trahit ferrum: to attract moisture, humorem trahere or recipere.Improperly || ad se trahere or at trahere: allicere: ad se allicere or illicere (allure). To attract hearers by novelty, audientium animos novitate tenere:to attract by arts of allurement, illecebris ad se trahere: to attract new or fresh pupils,discipulos novos attrahere (Ovidius).
ATTRACTION, || power of attracting: attrahendi, quæ dicitur, vis (properly): vis ad se illiciendi or attrahendi (figuratively). Novelty is the only attraction of that book, libro isto sola novitas lenocinatur. Anything has lost the attraction of novelty, res novitatis gratiam exuit. || An attraction, aliquid ad se attrahit or illicit: aliquid nos capit, delectat, delectatione allicit.
ATTRACTIVE. An attractive person, homo blandus: cui magna ad se illiciendi et attrahendi vis inest: an attractive writer, lectorem tenens scriptor: an attractive style, speciosum dicendi genus:fables are very attractive, fabulæ habent multum delectationis.
ATTRIBUTABLE, circumlocution — sometimes by referendus (that may be referred).
ATTRIBUTE, v., ascribere alicui allquid (ascribe anything, whether good or bad, to any body as its author, inventor, or cause): assignare alicui aliquid (refer anything to anybody as the person from whom it proceeds; to impute it in blame, or give the merit of it): addicere alicui aliquid (to declare anybody the author of a composition, Gellius, 3, 3): tribuere or attribuere alicui aliquid (to attribute anything to anybody as its cause, whether guilty cause or not). To attribute the invention of anything to anybody, aliquid alicui inventori ascribere: the blame to anybody, alicui culpam tribuere or attribuere; culpam in aliquem conferre (throw it on him): culpam in aliquem vertere or transferre (from one’s self): to attribute anything to fear, aliquid timori assignare: ill success to anybody, alicui casum adversum tribuere; alicui incommodum ascribere:anything to one’s self alone, aliquid sibi soli ascribere: you hare attributed this to me, hæc tibi a me eveniunt.
ATTRIBUTE, s., proprietas: proprium (the peculiar nature of anything): natura (nature): ratio: vis (the efficacy it possesses; its constitution): qualitas (peculiar constitution: coined by Cicero as a translation of παιότης). The divine attributes, dei (or deorum) natura.
ATTRITE, attritus.
ATTRITION, attritus, us (post-Augustan, Plinius, Seneca): attritio (Lampridius, Marc., Capella, perhaps only in two passages, Freund): fricutio (act of rubbing off; also of polishing by attrition): fricatura (manner of rubbing off anything): detrimentum in this (its proper) meaning only in Apuleius, Metamorphoses, 6. In the Roman Catholic sense (as less than contrition), cordis attritio, quæ dicitur; or attritio, quamPontificii vocant.
ATTUNE, || make harmonious: concentum efficere aliquarum rerum. || Tune one thing to another: efficere ut aliquid cum aliqua re concinat; efficere ut res concentum servent: to attune one harp to another or others, fidem ita contendere nervis (Orelli. reads numeris) ut concentum servare possit: to attune his voice to his lyre, concentum vocis lyræque (Ovidius) efficere.
ATWEEN, ATWIXT, Vid. BETWEEN.
AUBURN, flavus: flavens (of hair, etc., composed of green, red, and white, Georges):aureus (golden) [SYN. under YELLOW]:colore nuceo (nut-brown).
AUCTION, auctio (general term): anctio hastæ; hasta publica: hasta censoria (auction by public authority, a spear being fixed in the ground: the first two of confiscated property : the last of taxes and other sources of revenue): sectio (division by auction of booty, confiscated property, etc.: hence sectores, persons who bought goods at such sales to get a profit by reselling them). To hold an auction, auctionari: auctionem facere or constituere: an auction of public property, hasta posita auctionari: to proclaim or advertise an auction, auctionem prædicare (by the herald):auctionem proscribere or proponere (by a notice). They are announcing an auction, conclamatur auctionem fore: to sell by auction, auctione constitute vendere aliquid: auctionem facere et vendere aliquid: hasta posita vendere aliquid (of sales of public property): to be sold by auction, hasta posita vendi or venire (of public property): to buy at an auction, in auctione emere: to put off an auction, auctionem proferre: never to attend auctions of public property, numquam ad hastam publicam accedere: a constant attendant at auctions (who goes about to markets to sell his purchases), circulator auctionum (Cicero., Ep., 10, 32, 3).
AUCTION-MART, atrium auctionarium (Cicero, Agr., 1, 8, 7: Inscriptiones, Orelli, 3883).
AUCTIONARY, auctionarius.
AUCTIONEER, curator auctionum (the manager of an auction): præco (the herald who cries out what is bid, etc.).
AUDACIOUS, audax (always in bad sense): summæ audaciæ: singulari audacia: confidens.
AUDACIOUSLY, audacter. (The words are found in this connection and order), audacter libereque: impudenter: confidenter.
AUDACIOUSNESS, AUDACITY, audacia: confidentia: temeritas (rashness). To hare the audacity to do anything, audere with infinitive: sumere hoc sibi, ut, etc. (of presumptuous audacity).
AUDIBLE, quod audiri or auribus percipi potest. To be audible, audiri posse.With an audible voice, clare: clara voce.
AUDIBLY, clare: clara voce.
AUDIENCE, || admission to a sovereign, etc.: admissio (with reference to him urho grants it: Post-Augustan, but classical): aditus (with reference to him who obtains it): colloquium (the conversation during the audience). To grant anybody an audience, admissionem or aditum alicui dare: ad colloquium aliquem admittere: aliquem admittere or audire: alicui senatum dare (of the senate): to give anybody a private audience, aliquem in secretum recipere: to obtain an audience, aimitti; audiri: datur alicui aditus conveniendi: to be refused an audience, ad colloquium non admitti:aditu prohiberi:to beg, demand, etc., an audience, petere aditum conveniendi: aditum ad aliquem postulare: to beg a private audience, secretum petere ab aliquo (in the time of the empire). || Hall of audience, salutatorium cubiculum (after Plinius, 15, 10, 11): atrium (the atrium in a Roman house, where great men received their visitors).|| Auditory: auditores: qui audiunt (general term): coram quibus dicimus (those in whose presence an orator speaks): corona (the crowd about a speaker, especially in a court of justice). A numerous audience, frequentia eorum, qui nos audiunt. Before a numerous audience, frequentibus auditoribua: in magna (or maxima) audientium celebritate or frequentia.
AUDIT, v., To audit anybody’s accounts, alicujus rationes cognoscere, inspicere (to examine them), excutere, dispungere (to examine them with searching accuracy).
AUDIT, s., inspectio rationum (as act):dies rationum inspiciendarum (audit-day): dies rationis reddendæ (with reference to him who has to give account).
AUDITOR, qui alicujus rationes inspicit.
AUDITORY, auditores: andientes: qui audiunt: coram quibus dicimus: corona:
Before a numerous auditory, (in) magna or summa audientium celebritate or frequentia: multis audientibua. SYN. in AUDIENCE.
AUGMENT, augere: adaugere. (The words are found in this connection and order), ampliticare et augere: anything with anything, augere or adangere aliquid aliqua re: addere aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid (add or append anything to anything):amplificare (to make longer in compass):multiplicare (to make numerically greater).|| INTRANS. augeri (of persons and things):crescere (of things).
AUGMENTATION, amplificatio (increase of extent, as action; e.g., gloriæ, rei familiaris): propagatio or prolatio finium (augmentation of territory): accessio (the addition made; e.g., ædium; dignitatis): incrementum (increase, as thing: urbis; rei familiaris: dignitatis).
Also by circumlocution with augere, adaugere, etc. By the augmentation of usury, multiplicandis usuris.
AUGUR, s., augur. [Vid. PROPHET]
Augur’s-staff, lituus.
AUGUR, v., TRANS., prædicere: prænunciare (general term): vaticinari (to prophesy anything): canere (to prophesy in verse or rhythm): augurari (to foretell by the flight of birds, etc.; then generally).To augur (= anticipate) anything, aliquid augurari; aliquid opinione, or conjectura (Cicero), or mente (Curtius) augurari. To augur anybody’s fate, prædicere, quid alicui eventurum sit: his death, alicui mortem augurari. INTRANS., futura prædicere:prænunciare: vaticinari (to prophesy; be a vates).
AUGURY, auguratio (by flight of birds):prædictio (foretelling, generally): vaticinatio: divinatio (prophecy). [SYN. in PROPHESY] || As thing: prædictum:vaticinium: augurium (thing foretold by augury; also, the science of an augury, “sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem”).
AUGUST, adj., augustus (sublime and sacred; especially of divine things): altus:elatus: celsus: excelsus (high: properly and figuratively. SYN. in HIGH).
AUGUST, s., Augustus: mensis Augustus: (in the time of the republic) Sextilis: mensis Sextilis. With Nonæ, Kalendæ, etc., it is used as adjective. Kalendæ Augustæ.
AUNT, amita (father’s sister): matertera (mother’s sister). || Great aunt, etc., amita magna (grandfather’s sister):amita major: proamita (sister of greatgrandfather): amita maxima (great greatgrandfathers sister). Vid. All these on father’s side: matertera magna (grandmother’s sister): matertera major: promatertera (great-grandmother’s
sister):matertera maxima (great-great -grandmother’s sister). Vid. All these from Gaius, Dig., 38, 10, 1, and Paul., Dig., 38, 10, 10).
AURICLE, auricula. || Auricle of the heart, auricula cordis (medical technical term).
AURICULA. primula auricula.
AURICULAR, in aurem dictus: in aurem or aures insusurratus. Auricular confession, peccata sacerdoti in aurem dicta.
ALRIST, medicus auricularius (Ulpianus, Dig.).
AUSPICE, auspicium. Under your auspices, tuis auspiciis: under anybody’s auspices, alicujus auspicio or auspiciis (especially of successes gained by a general in subordinate command, who was said to have gained them under the auspices of the Imperator). In other senses, ab aliquo adjutus: aliquo adjuvaute or adjutore: alicujus præsidio fretus.
AUSPICIOUS, prosper: secundus:faustus: dexter [Syx. in HAPPY]: auspicatus, participle (e.g., in auspicatis reipublicæ ominibus, Velleius).
AUSPICIOUSLY, prospere: fauste (anspicato, Plautus, Terentius).
AUSTERE, austerus (αὐστηρός: making the tongue dry and rough; harsh). Somewhat austere, subausterus. || Of character: austerus (opposed to jucundus or mitis: one who is an enemy to jocularityand frivolity, always seeking what is serious and real, at the risk of passing for dull): severus (opposed to comis: rigid, exacting from himself and others strictness of conduct, at the risk of being thought harsh): tetricus (rigidly stiff and constrained, from pedantry and want of temper: of persons or habits, discipline, etc.):difficilis (not understanding the art of cosy and agreeable conversation and intercourse from hypochondria and temperament): morosus (wishing everything to be done according to rule, from intolerant scrupulosity): tristis (opposed to hilaris: gloomy; moody; scorning the agreeable).
AUSTERELY, austere: acerbe.
AUSTERENESS, AUSTERITY, ansteritas (both of things and character): acerbitas: amaritas (both properly and figuratively): severitas (austereness of character): difficultas: morositas: tristitia. [SYN. in AUSTERE] A gloomy austereness, tristis austeritas (Quintilianus, opposed to dissoluta comitas).
AUTHENTIC, AUTHENTICAL, fide dignus: certus:verus. Sometimes genninus: sincerus. An authentic edition, editio sincera (opposed to editio, adulterina: genuinus, from geu, root of gigno, intimates that the thing really proceeds from the source pretended; e.g., genuina Plauti fabula: sincerus = unadulterated).
AUTHENTICALLY, certo auctore:cum auctoritate. Cicero uses αὐθεντικτῶς in his letters; e.g., αὐθεντικτῶς narrare, nunciare.
ALTHENTICALNESS, AUTHENTICITY, fides: fides veritatis:auctoritas. Many persons entertain doubts of the authenticity of the book, multi dubitant hunc librum ab eo, ad quem refertur, conscriptum esse: some persons attack the authenticity of the law, sunt qui censeant, legem esse adulterinam.
AUTHOR, beginner or mover of anything: auctor (the person to whom the plan of origin of anything is due, whether he carried it through or not): in ventor (the inventor): parens (the author who has produced anything): conditor (the author who has constructed anything, laid the foundation of and arranged it): κυρικιμασαηικοeffector (he who has carried it into effect):princeps (he who stands at the head of anything; e.g., of a conspiracy): molitor (he who sets a difficult thing a going by a strong exertion): architectus (planner, contriver, etc.,: then, in a depreciating sense, the author of something bad): instimulater: concitator (he who excites to anything). (The words are found in this connection and order), parens effectorque: princeps et architectus: instimulator et concitator.The author of a law, legis inventor (he who first proposed such an enactment): legis auctor (he who first advocated it, recommended it, and caused it to be carried):legis lator (he who brought it before the people for their approbation): the author of a crime, sceleris auctor, architectus or molitor: the author of all evil, omnium malorum seminator: to consider anybody the author of anything, putare ortum esse aliquid ab aliquo. || Author of a book. scriptor: qui librum scripsit or conscripsit (the actual writer of it): auctor (only so far as he is an authority for using a particular style for a particular statement, etc.,: hence not without a genitive, unless this can easily be supplied by the context: [Æsopus auctor quam materiam reperit, Hanc ego polivi versibus senariis, Phædrus. Apud quosdam auctores non invenio Lucretium Consulem, Livius.) Roman authors, Romani scriptores (who have written in Latin): rerum Romanarum auctores (Latin historians, who are our authorities for Roman history): Latinitatis auctores (writer of classical Latinity).|| Authors (as a class) without genitive, qui libros scribunt or conscribunt.
AUTHORITATIVE, || having due authority: auctoritatem, multum (plus, etc.,) auctoritatis habens (after Cicero, legum verba — quo plus auctoritatis habeant, etc.): aliquid magna auctoritate affirmatum (with all the weight that character, consent, etc., can give it: both
of things).|| Having the air of authority: imperiosus: superbus: insolens.
AUTHORITATIVELY, magna, etc.,auctoritate: imperiose: pro imperio (e.g., aliquem discedere jubere): superbe:insolenter: arroganter.
AUTHORITATIVENESS, mostly by insolentia, superbia, etc.
AUTHORITY, auctoritas (influence; weight as an authority for anything; also “an authority,” e.g., for a statement): arbitrium (freedom to act according to one’s will): potestas (power): licentia (permission): imperium (cominand): testimonium: auctoritas testimonii (evidence). I have authority to do anything, mihi data est potentia or copia aliquid faciendi, alsoauctoritatem habeo alicujus rei faciendæ.Public authority, publica auctoritas: by the authority of the Senate, (ex) auctoritate Senatus: to give a man authority to manage anything, alicujus arbitrio rem gerendam tradere or committere: to give anybody unlimited authority, infinitam licentiam alicui dare. He does it by his own authority, suo jure agit: by what authority? quo jure? let us reign with equal authority paribus auspiciis regamus. Absolute or despotic authority, potestas infinita; dorainatio: to have great authority in the state, in republica plurimum pollere: the authority of reason, dominatio rationis. The authority for a report, (rumoris) auctoritas (Plautus). Anybody’s authority prevails, alicujus auctoritas valet:to disregard reason and authority, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquere (Cicero):they have received authority to give laws from the Senate, habent auctoritatem legumdandarum ab Senatu: anything seems to give authority to commit sin, aliquid videtur auctoritatem afferre peccaudi: to lessen anybody’s authority, alicujus auctoritatem deminuere, imminuere: to have authority (weight, influence), auctoritatem habere: to reject authority, auctoritatem repudiare: to overthrow, destroy, or ruin authority, labefactare or frangere auctoritatem: to despise authorities (i.e., the great names produced as authorities), auctoritates contcmnere. Great authority ( = influence), auctoritas summa or amplissima: a person of great antliority, homo in quo summa est auctoritas atque amplitudo: to be of or have great authority, magna esse auctoritate; auctoritate florere or vigere: to be of small authority, tenui esse auctoritate: to obtain great authority by anything, magnam auctoritatem sibi aliqua re constituere: to increase authority, auctoritatem amplificare, augere: to do any thing by anybody’s authority, aliquo auctore, or alicujus nomine (as his substitute) facere aliquid. || “An authority,” auctor. Thucydides, a weighty authority, locuples auctor Thucydides.|| “With authority,” pro imperio (jubere aliquid: of one holding an imperium). || Authorities = magistrates, Vid.
AUTHORIZE, alicui copiam dare or potestatem facere: to do anything, aliquid faciendi: alicujus rei faciendæ licentiam dare or permittere: mandare alicui, ut (to commission him to do it). To be authorizrd to do anything, potestatem aliquid faciendi habere, sometimes mandatahabere ab aliquo. || Make anything legal or right: sancire: ratum facere or efficere: ratum esse jubere.Often by circumlocution with nulla est excusatio alicujus rei, si, etc. Friendship can not authorize the commission of sin, nulla est excusatio peccati, si amici causa peccaveris; or turpis excusatio est et minime accipienda, si quis se amici causa peccasse futeatur. Sometimes probare, comprobare (to apirrove of; as in, “desires which reason does not authorize”). Some people consider that a great reason authorizes sin, quidam excusari se arbitrantur,quia non sine magna causa peccaverunt: their speeches authorize me to hope, eorum sermonibus adducor ut sperem, etc. To think himself authorized to do anything, sibi jus datum, or potestatem datam putare: not to think himself authorized, non fas esse ducere, haud licitum sibi aliquid putare.
AUTOGRAPH, manu mea (tua, etc.) scriptus. An autograph letter, epistola, quam mea manu scripsi; literæ autographæ (Suetonius, Oct., 87): anybody’s autograph, literæ ipsius manu scriptæ: an autograph, chirographum (handwriting).It was an autograph, ipsius manu scriptum erat. I will write the letter with my own autograph, meo chirographo utar (Cicero, Att., 2, 20, 5).
AUTO-DA-FE, supplicium hæreticorum.
AUTOGRAPHICAL, mea (ipsius, etc.) manu scriptus.
AUTOMATON, automaton (in Suetonius, Claud., 34, αὐτόματον: in late writers in Roman characters). Automatons, automataria, plural (Ulpianus, Dig.).
AUTOPSY, spectatio (general term).
AUTUMN, auctumnus: tempus auctumnale:to be passing into autumn (of summer), auctumnescere (Marc. Cap.):to cause or produce autumn, auctumnare (Plinius). || As adj., see next word. || The autumn of life, ætas gravior or grandior.
AUTUMNAL, auctumnalis, or genitive auctumni. The autximnal equinox, æquinoctium auctumnale or auctumni. Autumnal or autumn weather, tempestas auctumnalis or auctumni; cœlum auctumnale.The weather is growing autumnal, æstas auctumnescit (Marc. Cap.); aer auctumnat (Plinius).
AUXILIAR, AUXILIARY, auxiliaris: auxiliarius.
Auxiliary forces, auxiliares or auxiliarii milites, copiæ, etc., or auxiliares only: auxilia, plural. Auxiliary forces suddenly raised, auxilia repentina; milites subitarii
(Livius, 3, 4, extr.).
Auxiliary verb, verbum auxiliare. To be auxiliary to any thing, adjuvare aliquid: adjumento esse ad aliquid.
AUXILIAR, AUXILIARY, s., adjutor. Vid. HELPER, ASSISTANT.
AVAIL, v., valere (to have weight, validity, efficacy: with any body, apud aliquem):utile esse: usui esse: ex usu esse: utilitatem or usum præbere: prodesse: conducere.To avail much, magnæ utilitati esse: magnam utilitatem afferre: plurimum or valde prodesse: to avail little, non multum prodesse: parum prodesse (too little). To avail anybody, prodesse alicui: esse ex usu alicujus: esse ex re or ill rem alicujus. Sometimes proficere may be used: patience avails nothing, nihil proficies or nihil prolicitur patientia.Conjecture does not avail, nihil valet conjectura.
AVAIL, s., utilitas; usus: commodum; emolumentum: lucrum; fructus. [Mostly by verbs under Avail, v.] To be of much avail toward doing any thing, multum valere ad aliquid faciendum. Anything is of little avail against anything, aliquid parum valet contra aliquid.
AVAILABLE, utilis (useful). Mostly by circumlocution.
AVANT-GUARD, Vid. ADVANCEGUARD.
AVARICE, avaritia: habendi cupiditas or cupido. (The words are found in this connection and order), cupiditas et avaritia: pecuniæ studium or cupiditas or aviditas.Greedy avarice, avaritia hians et imminens.Mean avarice. sordes.
AVARICIOUS, avarus: habendi cupidus: aliquantum avidior ad rem: pecuniæ cupidus or avidus. From the context, sometimes cupidus or avidus may stand alone in this sense; e.g., homo castus ac non cupidus (Cicero).
AVAUNT, abi! apage! amove te hinc!abi in malam rem (Comedy).
AVENGE, v., ulcisci aliquem or aliquid: vindicare aliquem or aliquid: persequi alicujus pœnas, or post-Augustan:exsequi aliquem: pœnas capere pro aliquo or alicujus rei: punire aliquid. (The words are found in this connection and order), ulcisci et punire. [For SYN., vid. REVENGE, s.] To avenge anybody’s death, alicujus mortem (or necem) ulcisci, or vindicare, or persequi: to avenge anybody by the blood of his murderer, alicui or alicujus manibus sanguine alicujus parentare (Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 7, 17, extr.). To avenge one’s self on anybody, ulcisei or persequi alicujus injurias; ulcisci aliquem pro acceptis injuriis (never ulcisci aliquem alone in this meaning): vindicare in aliquem; pœnas petere or repetere ab aliquo: one’s self on any body for anything, or to avenge a person (by punishing him who wronged him), ulciscf aliquem pro aliqua re or pro aliquo (the person punished in the accusative): vindicare aliquid ab aliquo (to visit anything upon anybody): pœnas alicujus or alicujus rei repetere ab aliquo. To go to avenge one’s self upon anybody, aliquem ultum ire:not to avenge one’s self (for anything), aliquid inultum et impunitum dimittere:not to avenge one’s self, injurias acceptas non persequi; injuriam inultam et impunitamdimittere. I will be sure to avenge myself of him, inultum id nunquam a me auferet. I am already sufficiently avenged, satis est mihi supplicii.
AVENGEANCE, AVENGEMENT, Vid. REVENGE, s.
AVENGER, ultor, or vindex alicujus, or alicujus rei: punitor alicujus rei: ultor injuriarum. SYN. in REVENGE, s.
AVENUE, aditus (approach): xystus (explained by Vitruvius to be hypæthra ambulatio, a walk with trees or clippedhedges on either side, and generally adorned with statues).
AVER, Vid. ASSERT.
AVERAGE, mostly by plus minus; plus minusve (more or less); circiter (about).They received, on an average, 10,000 sestertia a year for honey, numquam minus, utperæque ducerent, dena millia sestertia ex melle recipiebant.
AVERSATION, Vid. AVERSION.
AVERSE, ab aliquo or ab aliqua re aversus, alienatus, alienus. Not to be averse to do anything, non displicit with infinitive: not to be averse to their opinion, haud pœnitet eorum sententiæ esse (Livius).
AVERSENESS, Vid. AVERSION.
AVERSION, odium (hatred, dislike, allicujus or alicujus rei): animus alienus or aversus (ab aliquo, aversion): declinatio (alicujus rei: opposed to appetitio; the shunning it by stepping aside out of itsway): fuga (the flying from it): tædium (sensation of weariness and disgust; alicujus rei): odium in aliquem conceptum, or erga aliquem susceptum [aversatio, Q. S.]. To have an aversion to anything, alienum esse, or abhorrere ab aliqua re:tædium mihi aliquid affert or adducit. I have a great aversion to anything, magnum alicujus rei odium me cepit. Anybody is my aversion; or, to have an aversion to anybody, ab aliquo animo esse alieno, or averso (or aversissimo); odium gerere adversus aliquem; odium suscepisse adversus aliquem; odium concepisse in aliquem; aliquem odisse or odio habere.To excite aversion, odium concitare, creare, or conciliare; stomachum movere: against anything, odium alicujus rei facere.
AVERT, Properly, avertere: amovere:one’s eyes from anybody, oculos dejicere ab aliquo
(not avertere oculos, but oculos ab aliquo in alium avertere is correct): a blow [vid. PARRY]: one’s thoughts from a subject, cogitationes avertere ab aliqua re, and ab aliquo. Improperly, to avert an evil, aniovere, dejicere (to remove it): depellere (to drive off an approaching evil): repellere (to drive back one that has approached): propulsare: defendere (to ward it off): deprecari (to avert it by prayers): averruncare (of the gods). To avert a calamity by prayers, deprecari a se calamitatem: a war, amovere bellum; difendere bellum.
AVIARY, aviarium.
AVIDITY, aviditas: cupiditas: cupido.Great avidity, (cupiditatis) ardor; impetus; sitis. To read books with avidity, vorare literas.
AVOCATION,|| that which calls aside: quod (animum, cogitationem, etc.) avocat, abducit. || Business munia, plural, officium: negotia. The avocations of business, negotia or occupationes, quibus aliquis implicitus est, ornegotia only.
AVOID, fugere: defugere (fly from, and so keep out of the way): vitare: devitare (to go out of the way of): declinare (to lean aside from). To avoid a battle, prœlium defugere: a danger, periculum fugere, defugere (not to expose one’s self to it), vitare (being exposed to it, to get out of its way at the right time). Season teaches us what to do and what to avoid, ratio docet, quid faciendum fugiendumve sit:to avoid hurtful things, ea, quæ nocitura videantur, declinare.
AVOIDABLE, quod evitari potest [vitabilis: evitabilis, are poetical].
AVOIDANCE, vitatio: devitatio: evitatio (Quintilianus): fuga (alicujus rei): declinatio (alicujus rei).
AVOUCH, Vid. ASSERT, ALLEGE.
AVOW, profiteri (to avow freely and fully, whether questioned or not): confiteri (to confess in consequence of questions, threats. etc.).
AVOWAL, professio (e.g., stultitiæ, bonæ voluntatis).
AVOWEDLY, the nearest are, aperte openly, subjectively): ex professo (Sallustius, Quintilianus): libere: ingenue. Circumlocution with libere profiteri, ingenue confiteri.
AWAIT, manere alicui or aliquem (are in store for): imminere alicui (hang ever). || Wait for: opperiri aliquem or aliquid: præstolari alicui or (but not in Cicero) aliquem: manere aliquem: exspectare aliquem. SYN. in WAIT FOR.
AWAKE, AWAKEN, TRNS., exsuscitare; expergefacere (e somno); excitare (e) somno; suscitare somno or equiete (all stand, also, without e somno, in the figurative sense of arousing).To awake from the dead, aliquem excitare ab inferis; aliquem a morte ad vitam revocare; aliquem ab orco reducem in lacem facere. His conscience is awakened, conscientia mordetur. || Fig. Vid. EXCITE, KINDLE, CAUSE.
AWAKE, INTR., expergisci, expergefieri (properly and figuratively): somno solvi: somno excitari, properly: excitari without somno, also figuratively: suddenly, somno excuti. Awaking at the dawn of day, ad primam auroram excitus.
AWAKE, adj., vigilans: exsomnis (one whose eyes no sleep visits). To be awake, vigilare (properly); excubare (figuratively, to be watchful, Cicero. ad Div., 10, 8, 5):to remain awake the whole night, pervigilare noctem: noctem perpetuis vigiliis agere: noctem insomnen agere (the first two of voluntary, the last of involuntary, sleeplessness).
AWAKEN, Vid. AWAKE.
AWAKENER, circumlocution with qui exsuscitat, etc.
AWAKENING, exsuscitatio (only improperly).
AWARD, v., addicere: adjudicare:property to anybody, bona alicui addicere:the sovereignty to Ptolemy, adjudicare regnum Ptolemæo: a triumph (money, etc., to anybody), decernere alicui triumphum, etc.: to award punishment, pœnam alicui constituere, dicere (under the emperors, irrogare): a fine, dicere alicui mulctam.
AWARD, s., judicium: arbitrium: decretum: sententia. [SYN. in JUDGMENT]|| As act: addictio (e.g., bonorum): adjudicatio (Digests).
AWARE, cautns: cautus providusque.Not aware, ignarus (ignorant). To be aware, scire: novisse: aliquid cognitum habere: non nescire: non ignorare: alicujus rei non ignarum esse: me non fugit, or præterit aliquid. Not being aware that the dictator was come, ignari venisse dictatorem.
AWAY, || away with: tolle (tollite):aufer (auferte) aliquid: away with you, abi! apage te! amove te hinc: abi in malam rem (Comedy = “go to the devil”).
Away with you, ye profane, procul este, profani! Away with this nonsense, pellantur istæ ineptiæ: contemnamus istas ineptias.
Away with this kind of deliberation, hoc quidem genus deliberantium tollatur e medio! || To be away, abesse:procul esse. || In composition, “away” is mostly translated by verbs compounded with a, ab, de, pro, ex. To fly, avolare: to hasten away, aufugere, avolare:se proripere: to flee away, aufugere, profugere (the latter especially secretly): to lead away, abducere: deducere: to drive away, abigere (properly): pellere: propellere:expellere: to carry away with one, secum asportare: to drag away by force, vi abducere or abstrahere: to go away, abire; discedere. || To away with any thing ( = endure), vid. BEAR
AWE, s., verecundia (fear of lowering one’s self in the eyes of one whom we respect: then respect for a person or thing):reverentia (the feeling and conviction that a person deserves one’s reverential respect):veneratio (reverence toward the gods and sacred things: the reverence of worship):admiratio (awe accompanied with wonder, felt and expressed). To be restrained by a secret awe, tacita quadam veneratione inhiberi.To feel awe at anything, vereri or revereri aliquid; verecundiam habere alicujus rei: sometimes pavere or expavescere: timere or extimescere aliquid (to tremble at the thoughts of it): to feel awe of anybody, verecundiam habere alicujus; aliquem revereri; reverentiamadversus aliquem adhibere: suspicere aliquem (to look up to). To throw aside all feeling of awe, reverentiam exuere; omnem verecundiam effondere.
AWE, v., alicui injicere admirationem sui (to make him gaze at one with admiration): timorem, or pavorem alicui injicere, or incutere (to strike fear into them): efficere ut aliquis aliquid or aliquem vereatur or revereatur (to cause him to reverence).
AWFUL, by circumlocution with verbs under AWE, v. || Feeling awe; the nearest are venerabundus (of persons):pavidus, pavens (trembling: of persons or things). Cf., Sometimes other adjectives may be substituted; as, “an awful catastrophe,” funestus or luctuosus rerum exitus, etc.
A WHILE, aliquamdiu: paullisper (during a short time): ad tempus (only for a time): parumper (only for a short time, and not after that; especially of mental actions: panllisper especially of bodily actions, Döderlein).
AWKWARD, agrestis (rustic, rude):lævus (left-handed: without dexterity):rudis (rude, uncultivated): inscitus (without the requisite knowledge): incompositus (without apt arrangement; especially of orators and orations). (The words are found in this connection and order), rudis atque incompositus: incultus (uncultivated,whether in manner or mind): impolitus: intonsus (unpolished). (The words are found in this connection and order), intonsus etincultus: inurbanus (uncourteous): invenustus (without attractive beauty): inelegans (tasteless): inconcinnus (without the grace of symmetry or harmonious proportion).To have an awkward gait, corporis motu esse agrestem. Awkward manners, mores rustici, rusticitas.
AWKWARDLY, rustice: rusticius:incomposite: illiberaliter: inurbane: ineleganter: inscite. To behave awkwardly, rusticum se præbere: rustice facere.
AWKWARDNESS, rusticitas (Silver Age): inelegantia: inconcinnitas: inscitia [SYN. in AWKWARD]: insulsitas (the making a disagreeable impression on people of taste).
AWL, subula. Cobbler’s awl, fistula sutoria (Plinius, 17, 14, 23).
AWN, arista.
AWNING, tegumentum linteum.
AWRY, oblique: prave (properly and improperly).
AXE, securis (any axe—the butcher’s, executioner’s, soldier’s, woodman’s, etc., etc.): bipennis (double-axe, used by woodmen and soldiers): ascia (a carpenter’s axe, to lop and square wood with): dolabra (pickaxe).
AXIOM, pronunciatum (ἀξίωμα, Cicero: later, axioma, atis).
AXLE, axis (in ail the meanings of the English word).
AY, Vid. Yes.
AYE, Vid. ALWAYS, EVER.
AZURE, adj., cæruleus: cyaneus: colore cæruleo or cyaneo.
B.
BAA, balare (to bleat; of sheep): blaterare (of rams: Auctor, carm. de Philom, 56).
BABBLE, balbutire (to speak inarticulately, like a child): garrire (to prate in a familiar or frivolous manner, from fondness for speaking): blaterare (to talk much about nothing, with reference to the foolishness of what is said): hariolari (to talk senseless stuff, like
an insane soothsayer):alucinari (to speak without any thought or consideration): nugari (to bring forth stupid, trifling matter. These three mostly translated with the accusative): fabulari; confabulari: fabulari inter se: sermones cædere (λόγονς κόπτειν: of persons chattering together in a good-natured, confidential way): effutire (aliquid, or absolutely, Cicero).
BABBLER, garrulus; loquax (the garrulus is tiresome from the quality, the loquax from the quantity, of what he says): qui silere tacenda nequit.
BABBLING, garritus (late): garrulitas:loquacitas: confabulatio (good-natured, chattering conversation of one or more: late).
BABE, Vid. BABY.
BABOON, simia pavianus (Livius).
BABY, infans: pupus; pupulus (of a male infant): pupa; pupula (of a female: these four also as terms of endearment). Cf., Icuncula puellaris, in some recent editions of Suetonius, Ner., 56, is a mere conjecture.
BACCHANAL, bacchans, homo vinolentus ac dissolutus.
BACCHANALIAN, bacchicus (belonging to Bacchus; poetical, baccheus or bacchius): bacchantibus similis. || Drunkard; riotous liver: homo vinolentus ac dissolutus: dissolutus: luxuriosos:potator (fond of drinking): vini capacissimus.
BACCHANALS, bacchanalia, plural (drunken feasts and revels of Bacchus).
BACCHANTE, Baccha (a woman who celebrates the rites of Bacchus).
BACHELOR,cælebs, qui uxorem numquam habuit (it is also applicable to a widower): a redoubted bachelor; qui abhorret ab uxore ducenda: a confirmed old bachelor, qui a ducenda uxore sic abhorret, ut libero lectulo neget esse quidquam jucundius. || In the Academic sense: baccalaureus (one who has taken his first degree, which degree is called baccalaureatus).
BACK, tergum (in opposition to frons):dorsum (the back of a quadruped: m opposion to venter or alvus. According to Döderlein, dorsum, from δέρας, denotes the back in a horizontal direction; consequently, the back of an animal, in opposition to the belly, like νῶτον: tergum, the back, in a perpendicular direction; consequently the part between the shoulders in a man, in opposition to the breast, like μετάφρενον. Hence dorsum montis denotes the uppermost surface; tergum montis, the hinder part ef a mountain): with the back toward one, aversus: with his bach to the light, aversus a lumine. Back to back, inter se aversi: to bind the hands behind the back, religare or revincire manus post tergum or post terga: to put the hands behind the back, rejicere manus in tergum: to walk up and down with the hands behind the back, manibus in tergum rejectis mambulare: to take on the back, aliquem or aliquid in tergum accipere (Cicero, De N. D., 2, 63, 159): to lift on one’s back, aliquem or aliquid humeria attollere: to lie on the back, supinum cubare (in opposition to in faciem cubare, Juvenalis, 3, 280): the wina is at one’s back, tergum afflat ventus. To lay upon its back, resupinare: to turn their backs, terga vertere or dare (take to flight): as soon as aqr back was turned, simul ac discesserim: to turn one’s back upon anyone alicui tergum (of several terga) obvertere (literally); aliquem deserere (to leave in the lurch); alicui deesse (to fail him): behind anyone’s back, clam aliquo, or aliqao inscio, aliquo ab sente: to speak ill of a person behind his back, alicui absenti male dicere. || Back part: pars aversa: tergum: pars posterior: back of the paper, charta aversa.Written on the back, scriptus in tergo (Juvenalis). The back of the head, aversa pars capitis: occiput: back of the island, aversa (plural) insulæ: of the mountain, aversa rnontis: aversus mons: at the back of the house, (in) aversa parte domus (i.e., in the hack side of the principal building); in postico: (in) postica parte ædium:(in) postica domo (in the back buildings).He lives at the back of the house, habitat in aversa parte domus (i.e., his windowslook into the court):habitat in postica ædium parte (in some of the back buildings).
Warning; Any kind of reproduction of this page will be very severely accused by tokyomaths.com
There was a garden at the back of the house, hortus erat posticis ædium partibus.