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ANSWER, s., responsio: responsum (general term, the former, in Quintilianus, a refutation; the latter, also the answer of an oracle): defensio: excusatio:

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purgatio (reply to a charge): oraculum: sors oraculi (oracular response): rescriptum (written reply of a prince: Silver Age). An answer given to one’s self to a question put by one’s self (of an orator), sibi ipsi responsio, subjectio (ἀνθυποφορά). Answer to an objection that might be made, anteoccupatio: præsumtio (πρόληψις). Sharp, witty answers, acute responsa. || To give an answer. Vid. TO ANSWER. To receive an answer, responsum ferre, auferre. I receive an answer to my letter, meis literis respondetur or rescribitur. I got for answer, responsum mihi est; responsum datum est. To bring back an answer, responsum referre, renunciare.

ANSWERABLE, consentaneus: conveniens or congruens (all three alicui rei):accommodatus ad aliquid: aptus alicui rei. (The words are found in this connection and order), apitus consentaneusque alicui rei. To be answerable to any thing, congruere, convenire, convenientem, aptumconsentaneumque esse alicui rei. Not to be answerable to anything, alienum esse re or a re. Anything answerable to another, res alicui rei simillima (very like), compar (quite like); ex altera parte respondens (correspondent; its counterpart).|| Accountable, etc., alicui ratio reddenda est (he must account for it): to be answerable for anything, aliquid præstare.I am answerable for it, mihi res præstanda est. To make one’s self answerable for anything, aliquid in se recipere (take it on one’s self). || Admitting of a satisfactory answer, quod excusari potest (which can be justified): (cujus rei ratio reddi potest of which an exculpatory account can be given).

ANSWERABLY, convenienter, congruenter alicui rei: apte ad aliquid.

ANSWERER, qui alicui respondet, etc.|| One who replies to another in a controversy, qui contra dicit; qui contradisputat.

ANT, formica: a little ant, formica parvula; formicula: overrun with ants, formicosus.

An ant’s egg, ovum formicæ.

ANT-BEAR, Myrmecophaga.

ANT-HILL, formicarum cuniculus (Plinius, 11, 31, 36 ); formicetum is without old authority(Kraft and Forbiger quote Apuleius).

ANTAGONIST, adversarius (general term) Vid. ADVERSARY. || An antagonist muscle, *musculus alicui musculo adversus et contrarius.

ANTALGIC, dolorem sedans, finiens.

ANTANACLASIS, in rhetoric, ἀντανάκλᾰσις, ut Græco vorbo utar (—cui [ παρονομασια] confinis est ἀντανάκλᾰσις, ejusdem verbi contraria signilicatio, Quintilianus, 9, 3, 68).

ANTAPOPLECTIC, An antapoplectic remedy or medicine, remedium adversus morbum, quem apoplexin vocant.

ANTARCTIC, ἀνταρκτικός (Varro): antarcticus (Hyginus, Apuleius.

ANTECEDE, anteire: antegredi: antecedere: præire: prægredi.

ANTECEDENCE, antecessio (Cicero).

ANTECEDENT, antecedens: præcedens: prior, superior (former: not præteritus).

ANTECEDENTLY, antea. Antecedently to anything, ante aliquid.

ANTE-CHAMBER, amphithalamus (ἀμφιθάλαμος, Vitruvius, 6, 7 [10], 2ed., Schneid.: others read autithalamus): procœton (an ante-room to a bed-chamber where slaves used to wait: προκοιτών in Varro, R. R.):vestibulum (open space before a Roman house, where those who had business there waited: in vestibulo ædium opperiri salutationem Cæsaris). To be on guard in the emperor’s ante-chamber, excubias circa cubiculum principis agere (Suetonius).

ANTE-CHAPEL, pronaos (πρόναος).

ANTECURSOR, antecursor.

ANTEDATE, v., i.e., take before the proper time, aliquid præcipere or præsumere.

ANTEDILUVIAN, *qui ante inundationem illam terrarum vixit, fuit, etc.|| Old, primitive, vetus: antiquus, priscus, etc. || Old-fashioned, antiquus et obsoletus: obsoletus: exoletus.

ANTELOPE, *antilope (Linnæus).

ANTE-MERIDIAN, antemeridianus.

ANTE-MUNDANE, *qui ante mundum conditum or ædificatum fuit.

ANTENNA, *antenna, quæ dicitur.

ANTEPAST, præsumtio alicujus rei (Plinius, Ep., 4, 15, 11). [Not præsensio, which is mental anticipation.]

ANTERIOR, antecedens, præcedens:prior, superior (former: for former in point of time, præteritus is quite wrong):[anterior is late: Ammianus, Symmachus, Sulpicius, Severus.]

ANTE-ROOM. Vid. ANTE-CHAMBER.

ANTHEM, *canticum Ecclesiasticum.
ANTHOLOGY, antliologica, orum (Plinius, 21 3 9).

ANTHONY’S FIRE, erysipelas, atis (ἐρυσίπελας ).

ANTHRAX (in medicine), anthrax (Aemilius, Macrobius): carbunculus: anthracitis (Plinius): anthracias (Solinus).

ANTHROPOMORPHITES (a sect of schismatics), anthropomorphitæ (Angustinus).

ANTHROPOPHAGI, anthropophagi (Plinius).

ANTHYPOPHORA (figure in rhetoric), anthypophora (Seneca). Quintilianus writes it in Greek characters.

ANTI-ACID. Vid. ALKALI.

ANTIC, No corresponding word. Sometimes vultus distortus or circumlocution by os distorquere (if grimaces are meant). || As person. Vid. BUFFOON.

ANTI-CHAMBER, Vid. ANTI-CHAMBER.

ANTI-CHRIST, antichristus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici).

ANTICIPATE, anticipare (e.g., molestiam, Cicero: also, to form a notion beforehand): quasi anticipare (to do before the proper time; e.g., ludos. Suetonius, Claudius,21): præcipere (e.g., gaudia: spem: victoriam: consilia hostium: victoriam animo): præsumere (e.g., officia hcredum, Plinius: gaudium, lætitiam, Plinius: futura.Seneca: bellum spe, Vergilius: aliquid cogitatione, Plinius): occupare (prevent; forestall; do first: rates, Ovidius: ortum soils, Curtius).

ANTICIPATION, anticipatio (a notion, the truth of which we anticipate before it is proved: = “antecepta animo rei quædam informatio,” Cicero., πρόληψις: præsumtio(ariticipated enjoyment). || Rhetorical, anticipation (the answering of an anticipated objection), anticipatio: ante occupatio:præsumtio.

ANTIDOTE, antidotum: antidotus or antidotos, feminine (Celsus, Phaedrus, Quintilianus, ἀντίδοτον): alexipharmacon (only Plinius, 21, 20, 84): remedium alicujus rei, ad aliquid: contra aliquid (Plinius).

ANTIMONY, stibi (στίβι), or stimml (στίμμι), or, Latinized, stibium:*antimonium (technical term).

ANTINOMIAN, an, antinomus (used by the Lutheran “Fornmla Concordiæ”).

ANTIPATHY, discordia rerum: repugnantia rerum (contrariety of nature and qualities, Plinius also uses antipathia, ἀντιπάθεια): odium: fuga: aversans et repugnans natura (natural feeling of dislike; these three especially of persons):naturale bellum (Cicero, of the consequence of a natural antipathy between animals: est alicui cum aliquo). To feel an antipathy against any thing, abhorrere a re:aversari aliquid: aliquid spernere, aspernari, respuere. (The words are found in this connection and order), aspernari ac respuere aliquid: fastidire aliquem or aliquid (feel disgust or loathing). To entertain an antipathy against anybody, animorum contentione ab aliquo discrepare: to feel a great antipathy against anything, magnum odium alicujus rei me capit. There is a great antipathy between two things, res quædam pervicaci odio dissident.

ANTIPODES, qui conversis inter se pedibus stant (with relation to each other, Plinius, 2, 65, 65). Our antipodes, qui adversis veatigiis stant contra nostra vestigia, quos ἀντίποδας vocant (Cicero, Acad., 2, 39, 123); qui adversa nobis urgent vestigia (Cicero, Somn. Scip., 6, near the beginning): qui sunt contrarii vestigiis nostris (Lactantius). In the Silver Age, antipodes, antichthones (ἀντίποδες, ἀντίχθονες ).

ANTI-POPE, *antipapa.

ANTIQUARIAN, Antiquarian researches, studies, *antiquitatis investigatio or studium: *antiquarum literarum studia.

ANTIQUARY, rerum antiquarum studiosus (one fond of antiquarian pursuits; a collector, etc.): rerum antiquarum literate peritus (of antiquarian knowledge):*veterum librorum coemtor (a collector of old books): antiquitatis investigator (one who investigates antiquarian subjects).

ANTIQUE, adj., antiquus: antiquo opere factus: antiqui operis. Vid. ANCIENT.|| An antique, opus antiquum: res antiqua: res antiquo opere facta: res antiqui operis. A cabinet or museum of antiquities, *thesaurus quo vasa, statuæ, aliæque res antiqui operis continentur:*horreum operum antiquorum. A collector of antiquities, *rerum antiquarum studiosus.

ANTIQUATED, obsoletus (of dress, words): exoletus (of words): ab usu quotidian! sermonis jam diu intermissus (of words long gone out of common use); ab ultimis et jam obliteratis temporibus repetitus (of words).

ANTIQUITY, vetustas (the long duration; and, the olden time): antiquitas (in all the meanings of the English word). An antiquity, antiqua res: antiquum opus. A monument of antiquity, monumentum antiquitatis. Roman antiquities, *antiquitates Romanæ. Anything bears about it evident marks of antiquity, plurima in aliqua re antiquitatis effigies.

ANTISPAST, antispastus.

ANTISTROPHE, antistrophe (Victorin.).

ANTITHESIS, contrarium (the opposite of anything). “The antithesis of anything,”
by crcl. with contrarius alicujus rei or alicui rei (e.g., hujus virtutis contraria vitiositas, Cicero): contentio (the placing together of opposite thoughts).OBSERVE, (a) oppositum does not intimate that the notion opposed to another is contrary to it: (b) antithesis is a grammatical figure when one letter is put for another (as olli for illi); but antitheton is “an antithetical notion,” so that antitheta may be used for “antitheses” (hæc quæ Græci antitheta nominant, quum contrariis opponuntur contraria, Cicero:” rasis Librat in antithetis,” Persius).

ANTITYPE. The Latin fathers use substantia, Veritas, etc. (opposed to umbra, signum).

ANTLER, ramus (but not without cornu mentioned, Cæsar, B. G., 6, 26). Antlers (when used loosely for horns), cornua.

ANTONOMASIA, antonomasia (Quintilianus).

ANTRE, antrum.

ANUS, anus.

ANVIL, incus, udis.

ANXIETY, angor: anxietas (anxitudo rare: angor is a temporary affection: anxietas, an abiding state): sollicitudo (anxiety caused by the apprehension of evil):pavor (dread): trepidatio (impatience of rest, as a bodily effect of anxiety): afflictatio (great anxiety, anguish: not afflictio, which is removed from Cicero, Tusc, in critical editions): æstus (disturbed, perplexed state). Full of anxiety, anxius, trepidans or trepidus: sollicitus. To be in, or feel, anxiety, angi; animo sollicito esse; animo tremere; pavere: about anything (animo) angi de re: about anybody, angorem capere, sollicitum esse pro aliquo.To be in great anxiety, angore contici; æstuare; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri;angi intimis sensibus: to be tormented with anxiety, angore cruciari. To cause anybody anxiety, anxiis curis implere alicujus animum; sollicitudinem alicui struere; trepidationem alicui injicere. To be an anxiety, sollicitudinem esse (Cicero).

ANXIOUS, anxius: sollicitus (anxius, especially from present causes; sollicitus, from apprehension of future evils): pavidus: trepidus or trepidans [SYN. under ANXIETY]. To be anxious about anything, anxium esse re or de re, seldom with accusative or genitive, sollicitum esse de re: about anybody, pro aliquo laborare. [Vid. more under ANXIETY] || Causing anxiety, anxius (not in Cicero in this meaning, but in Livius): anxious cares, anxiæ curæ: an anxious fear, timor anxius (Vergilius). To make anybody anxious, aliquem sollicitare, sollicitum habere. (The words are found in this connection and order), anxium ac sollicitum habere: affictare; sollicitudine or ægritudine afficere; sollicitudinem or segritudinem alicui afferre: to make very anxious, vehementer angere; vexare; urere; cruciare: discruciare: miseris modis sollicitare.

ANXIOUSLY, anxie; sollicite; pavide;trepide.

ANY, || when all are excluded: quisquam and ullus ((1) quisquam is used in the singular only, and as a substantive; never as an adjective, except with personal nouns [e.g., scriptor, hostis, civis, homo: Cicero’s practice is thus given by Sturenburg, using scriptor for the noun. NOM. quisquam (not ullus) scriptor. GEN. cujusquam (not ullius) scriptoris. DAT.cuiquam (not ulli) scriptori. ACC. queuquam or ullum scriptorem. ABL. ullo scriptore: once only, quoquam homine.]and, in Cicero, personal nouns of multitude [e.g., ordo, genus hominum, legatio]. (2) Quisquam or ullus is used in negative sentences; in questions where the answer “no” or “none” is expected; and after “than,” “scarcely.” After “without” “any” is aliquis in a negative, ullus in a positive sentence). || “Any” when all are included (i.e. = any you please), quilibet, quivis (quivis implies a deliberate, thoughtful choice; quilibet, a blind, inconsiderate one). || “Any” after si, nisi, ne, num, quo, quanto, is generally the indefinite quis: but aliquis is used when the “any” is emphatic. Si quis = ”if anybody,” without any emphasis: si aliquis = “if anybody,” be he who or what he may (relating to quality): si qoisquam = if there be anyone, though no more (relating to quantity), generally implying that there is probably none.|| “Any”‘ in interrogations is often ecquio? so after quærere, cunctari, etc.: “do you ask whether there is any hope?” quæris ecqua spes sit? [ecquis or ecqui;ecqua or ecquæ; ecquid or ecquod: as adjectives.] || Any = “some one or other,” “some,” aliquis: quispiam: aliquispiam: ((1) aliquis, aliqua, aliquid, substantive; aliquis or aliqui, aliqua, aliquod,adjectives: (2) aliquispiam, quispiam [substantive and adjective], relate to a multitude, intimating that it is immaterial which individual of that number is thought of).|| Any single person; anyone singly; unus quilibet: quilibet unus: unus quivis. || After a negative, “anybody,” “anything,” are often omitted before a relative clause: “I hate not anybody to sen, or whom I can send,” non habeo quem mittam.

ANY, with adverbs. || Any where, alicubi, uspiam: usquam (with the same distinction as between aliquis, quispiam, ullus).|| At anytime, aliquando, quando (the latter when there is no emphasis; especiallyafter si, ne, quo, num, etc.); umquam (after negatives, in questions expecting the answer “no;” after “than,” “scarcely”. || Anywhere you please, ubivis: if—any where, sicubi (of rest); si quo (of motion). || Anywhere = any whither, aliquo: quopiam: quoquam:usquam (with the same distinction as between aliquis: quispiam: quisquam: ullus). From anywhere, alicunde. If from anywhere, sicunde. || Any more than, (after negative), non plus quam, etc.

ANY, before comparatives: nihilo, without non: the comparative only, non being expressed [his concessis, nihilo magis efficiatur,quod velitis; non feram diutius].

APACE, celeriter: cito: festinanter:velociter: to run apace, celeriter ire; celeri or citato gradu ire (of persons); incitatiusfluere or ferri (of streams).

APART, seorsum (opposed to una): separatim (opposed to conjunctim). Often expressed by se in composition: to place or set apart, seponere: to go apart, secedere.Joking apart, remote joco.

APARTMENT, conclave (room that can be locked up, chamber—dining-room): cubiculum (apartment to let; but mostly sleeping apartment): diæta (any living room; e.g., a summer-house with chambers attached): membrum (chamber, as portion of a house; apartment): cubiculum hospitale (dining-room): cubiculum dormitorium:membrum dormitorium (steeping apartment).

APATHETIC, lentus (on which nothing makes any impression): nihil sentiens:sensus expers: a sensu alienatus.

APATHY, torpor (properly numbness: hence deadness of feeling): indolentia, or by circumlocution with nihil dolere (insensibility to pain, with which dullness of mind is connected: ἀναλγησία): stupiditas (stupid apathy as a quality): socordia (apathy as far as it shows itself in thinking and resolving): animus durus: ingenium inhumanum (hard, unfriendly nature): lentitudo (insusceptibility of any impression).

APE, simia: simius, poetically. A little ape, simiolus: pithecium (πιθίκιον, Plautus, contemptuously, of a damsel). || Foolish imitator, simia: *imitator ineptus: cacozelus (κακοζῆλος: especially an imitator of bad things or properties, e.g., in an orator, Suetonius).

APE, v., perverse imitari: or, from context, imitari only. To ape anybody’s gait, alicujus incessum inepte exprimere.

APER, Vid. APE.

APERIENT, catharticus. To take aperient metiicine, purgatione alvum sollicitare.One must take an aperient, dejectio a medicamento petenda est.

APERTION, apertio (Varro, Appuleius).

APERTLY, aperte.

APERTURE, || Opening, foramen (general term for any opening made by boring): cavum (burrow, pit, etc.): hiatus (any yawning fissure): rima (fissure; a cut made lengthwise): fissura (a rent):lacuna (a space not filled up; e.g., in a ceiling): lumen (the opening of a window or door; any opening through which light can penetrate): fenestra (aperture of a window); os (mouth-like aperture, e.g., of a cave): apertura (Vitruvius). [If it is =AIR-HOLE, vid.]. Aperture of a reed, rivus fistulæ.|| To make an aperture in anything, aliquid aperire (general term); perforare(to bore through it). To hare apertures, aperturas habere (Vitruvius). || Act of opening, apertio (Varro, patefactio only improper as act of divulging).

APEX, apex.

APHÆRESIS, aphæresis (ἀφαίρεσις).

APHELION, *aphelium (ἀφῆλιον, technical term).

APHORISM, sententia: dictum.

APIARY, apiarium (Columella): alvear or alvearium: mellarium (Varro).

APIECE, to be translated by using a distributive numeral; with which, however, quisque or unusquisque, with genitive (substantive), or singuli (adjective), may be used: “the common people received an allotment of two acres apiece” bina jugeraagri plebi dividebantur. “You art to receive an allotment of two acres apiece,” cuique vestrum bina jugera assignantur.The prætors receive two thousand infantry apiece, prætoribus octona millia peditum data.

APISH, cacozelus (foolishly imitating, Suetonius): inepte imitans aliquid, inepte exprimens aliquid. Sometimes ineptus imitator; inepta imitatrix (e.g., “our apish nation,” nos, inepti imitatores, or imitatores only; gens inepta imitatrix [alicujus rei ]: vultuosus (grimacing): gesticulationibus molestus (vexing one by airs and attitudes). Vid. AFFECTED, SILLY, PLAYFUL.

APISHNESS, cacozelia (Seneca). Vid. AFFECTATION, SILLYNESS, PLAYFULNESS.

APITPAT, My heart goes apitpat, cor salit: pectus trepidat (Ovidius).

APLUSTRE, aplustre (plural, aplustra or aplustria; dative and ablative, aplostris or aplustribus).

APOCALYPSE, Apocaljpsis (Tertullianus).

APOCOPE, apocope.

APOCRYPHA, apocryphi libri (Scriptores Ecclesiastici, ἀπόκρŏφος ).

APOCRYPHAL, suspectus: suspiciosus (exciting great suspicion). Sometimes incertus: dubius. To be apocryphal, suspicione non carere.

APODICTICAL, apodicticus (Gellius, argumento — non probo, neque apodictico):certissimus: quod in dubium vocari nequit

APOGEE, *apogæum (in Plinius, venti apogæi, blowing from the land).

APOLOGETICAL,by circumlocution with defensio: defendere: se purgare, excusare (in Tertullianus, apologeticus [e.g., liber]; defensorius).

APOLOGIST, defensor: laudator (panegyrist).

APOLOGIZE, To apologize (=plead) for anybody, causam alicujus defendendam suscepisse; dicere pro aliquo: scribere pro aliquo (of composing a written apology): aliquem purgare de aliqua re:culpam alicujus rei demovere ab aliquo:aliquem defendere de aliqua re: for anything, purgare aliquid (to prove one’s innocence, the thing being either not done, or not being wrong): excusare aliquid (to bring grounds of extenuation for a fault confessedly committed; e.g., it having been done unintentionally, in ignorance).

APOLOGUE, apologus (—narrationes apologorum, of fables, Cicero).

APOLOGY, defensio (a defense): purgatio: excusatio [SYN. under APOLOGIZE].

APOPHTHEGM, sententia: dictum.

A pithy apophthegm, elogium (e.g.. Solonis, Cicero).

APOPLECTIC, morbo, quem apoplexin vocant, correptus: apoplexi arreptus:apoplecticus; apoplectus (ἀπόπληκτικός, or ἀπόπληκτος: Firmicus Maternus: Cælius Aurelianus Acutae Passiones); paralyticus (παραλυτικός).

APOPLEXY, apoplexis: apoplexia (loss of all one’s limbs, accompanied with loss of consciousness: ἀπόπληξις, – ία, in Celsus): paralysis (παράλυσις) or nervorum remissio (properly the loss of one side orlimb; but in Celsus’s time= every kind of apoplexy). To suffer, etc., a stroke of apoplexy, morbo, quem apoplexin vocant, corripi; apoplexi arripi.

APOSIOPESIS, aposiopesis (Quintilianus):reticentia (Cicero).

APOSTASY, *defectio a sacris: defectio(apostasia, Salvianus, de Gubern. Dei).

APOSTATE, defector (Tacitus): apostata (Tertullianus, Sedul.: ἀποστάτης):*desertor patriæ religionis; *qui patria sacra abju rat (Krebs).

APOSTATIZE, deficere, desciscere ab aliquo: *patria sacra deserere:* Christianorum sacra deserere.

APOSTEMATE, suppurare.

APOSTEME, APOSTUME, ulcus: apostema: abscessns. Vid. ABSCESS

APOSTLE, apostolus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici). Acts of the apostles, apostolorum acta (plural) or res gestæ.

APOSTLESHIP, APOSTOLATE, apostolatus (Tertullianus):*munus ApostoIi.

APOSTOLIC, APOSTOLICAL, apostolicus (Tertullianus):ab apostolo or apostolis traditus. The apostoli age, apostolica ætas (Tertullianus).

APOSTOLICALLY, *apostolorum more.

APOSTROPHE, || a rhetorical figure, apostrophe. (2) || Grammatical mark, apostrephes or -us (Donat., Diom.).

APOSTROPHIZE, aliquem alloqui, affari, appellare, compellare [Syn. under ACCOST]: omnem orationem in aliquem or aliquam rem transducere, convertere;transducere et convertere.

APOSTUME. Vid. APOSTEME.

APOTHECARY, medicamentarius (a preparer of drugs, potions, etc., Plinius):pharmocopola (drug-seller, mostly of an itinerant vender; quack): medicus (general term). An apothecary’s shop, medicina taberna or medicina orily: taberna instructa et ornata medicinæ exercendæ causa (of a well-stored shop). To be an apothecary, medicamentariam or medicam exercere, factitare.

APOTHEOSIS, apotheosis (Tertullianus: αποθέωσις):consecratio (Tacitus, Ann., 13, 2, 2nd).

APOZEM, apozema, atis (Aemilius Macer. Herb.: ἀπόζεμα, a decoction).

APPALL, aliquem terrere, exterrere:terrorem alicui afferre, inferre, offerre, injicere: incutere: aliquem in terrorem conjicere: terrore aliquem complere:pavorem effundere alicui: perterrere, perterrefacere aliquem: pavore percellere alicujus pectus.

APPALLMENT. Vid. DISCOURAGEMENT.

APPANAGE (of a prince), alicui præbita annua (Suetonius).

APPARATUS, apparatio (as act); apparatus (as thing). Sometimes quæ ad aliquid pertinent.

APPAREL, vestis: vestitus: cultus:vestis ornatus. (The words are found
in this connection and order), vestitus atque ornatus. Vid. DRESS.

APPAREL, v., vestire: convestire veste tegere: veste induere aliquem: veste aliquem amicire. To be apparelled, vestiri, amiciri aliqua re. Vid. DRESS.

APPARENT, || seeming, opinatus (imaginary; e.g., good, evil, opposed to verus): simulatus, fictus. (The words are found in this connection and order), fictus et simulatus (pretended: opposed to verus):imaginarius (what is present, happens, etc., only inform, without having full validity; imaginary: first in Livius, neque so imaginariis fascibus corum cessuros esse, 3, 41): adumbratus (sketched in appearance only; feigned: opposed to verus): fucatus, fucosus (deceiving by a fair appearance; hence, not gennuinc: opposed to verus).VID. Speciosus is never “seeming,” but “striking the senses by its fair exterior.”Sometimes apparent may be translated(a) by the adverb ficte. “An apparent reconciliation,” gratia ficte reconciliata; (b) by id quod vidctur neque est; e.g., “apparent expediency,” ea quæ videturutilitas, neque est; id quod videtur utile esse, neque est: (c) by species with the genitive, “an apparent advantage,” species utilitatis. || Indubitable, plain: manifestus, apertus. (The words are found in this connection and order), promtus et apertus, apertus et manifestus: perspicuus.(The words are found in this connection and order), apertus et perspicuus: non dubius: certus: evidens: testatus (proved by evidence): præsens (already at hand):ante oculos positus: notus, cognitus (known): luce clarior. It is apparent, patet, apparet, manifestum est, in oculos incurrit. It is quite apparent, omni luce or soils luce clarius est [not meridiana luce clarius est]. To make any thing apparent, aperire, patefacere, palam facere.To become or be made apparent, patefieri:e tenebris erumpere (of things suddenly becoming visible; e.g., a conspiracy).|| An heir apparent, heres legitimus (hereditas legitima, was an inheritance given to a person by law, the owner of the property having either died intestate or made an invalid will).

APPARENTLY, simulate, ficto. (The words are found in this connection and order), ficte et simulate. [Syn. in APPARENT].|| Plainly, etc., aperte (subjectively; e.g., mentiri, adulari; favere alicui): manifesto (objectirely): evidenter: scilicet, videlicet (mostly ironically). Also by manifestum est. “Apparently he is a fool,” manifestum est, cum esse stultum.

APPARITION, species (any appearance; e.g., mortui, Appul.): simulacrum vanum (Ovidius, deceitful appearance): umbra (shadow; e.g., mortui. Suetonius): larva (disembodied soul, as an evil spirit of the night): visum (something seen, a vision: also visum somnii or somniantis [vid. Vision]): ostentum: prodigium: portentum (astonishing appearance, foretelling what is about to happen). A frighiful apparition, objecta res terribilis. Sometimes “species nova atque insolita” An apparition of the night, visum nocturnum:”species nocturna”: in the heaven, phænomenon.Spectrum is not Latin in this sense; = εἴδωλον only in the sense of the Stoics: mostellum found only in the second (spurious) argument of Plautus, Mostellaria.

Apuleius has also occursacula noctium: bustorum formidamina: sepulcrorum terriculamenta (terrific spectres haunting graves). To fear apparitions, simulacra vana timere: to be disturbed by apparitions, umbris inqmetari. I see apparitions, “obviæ mihi fiunt species mortuorum.”|| Appearance, adventus (approach): præsentia (presence): species. A sudden apparition, repentinus objectus (Nepos, Hann., 5, 2).

APPARITOR, apparitor: accensus:viator (vid. Dict. of Rom. Antiq.).

APPEAL, v., appellare aliquem (to the tribunes of the people, the senate, the emperor, etc.): provocare ad aliquem (especially to the whole people: tribunos plebis appello et provoco ad populum, Livius, 8, 33. Both verbs also stand absolutely):against any body or any thing, appellare, provocare adversus aliquem or aliquid(also provocare aliquid): from anybody to anybody, ab aliquo ad aliquem: to the people from a sentence, ad populum provocare sententiam: || Call to witness, etc.: testari, testem facere aliquem, etc.:to appeal to Heaven, deum testari; deum invocare testem. || Call loudly upon, inclamare aliquem: invocare aliquem.

APPEAL, s., appellatio: provocatio [vid. APPEAL, v.]: to anybody, ad aliquem, also alicujus: to anybody from anybody, ab aliquo ad aliquem: to anybody against anybody or anything, ad aliquem adversus aliquem or aliquid. To make an appeal, appellationem, provocationem interponere (Scaevola, Dig.): to receive or allow an appeal, appellationem admittere, recipere (Ulpianus, Dig.): to grant anybody an appeal, dare alicui provocationem or jus provocationis (adversus aliquem). A magistrate or punishment from which there lies no appeal, magistratus, pœna sine provocatione. || An appeal (as writing), libellus appellatorius (Ulpianus, Dig.). || A court of appeal, jiudicium ad quod provocari potest: senatus provocationum.

APPEALANT, APPEALER, appellator (Cicero): qui appollat, provocat.

APPEAR, || become visible, apparere:in conspectum venire: conspici: se offerre, offerri (to come in one’s way suddenly): erumpere (to come forth suddenly): existere (of celebrated persons making their appearance in the world; in history).Sometimes
particular modes of approach to a country should he used, as appellere navem ad; e.g., “Two hundred years later Pelops appeared in Argos,” appellere, escendere, or egredi may he used.To appear to a person in a vision, ostendere se alicui in somnio; videri in somnis, per somnum, per quietem, in quiete.Day appears, dies venit; κυρικιμασαηικο illucescit. To appear in public, in publicum prodiro, procedere, egredi: not to appear in public, domi se tenere; pedem domo non efferre (not to stir out): publico carere or abstinere (not to appear in public):odisse celebritatem; hominum celebritatem fugere (to shrink from appearing inpublic; to hate a crowd): seldom appearing in public, rarus egressu (Tacitus). To appear in person, coram or præsentem adesse: to appear at a public meeting, an assembly of the people, in concione adesse.|| To appear (be published), of a book, in lucem edi; lucem videre; prodire.||To appear before a court, in judicium venire: at an appointed time, se sistere (of the accused person and his sureties), vadimonium sistere (of a surety: opposed to vadimonium deserere, to forfaithis recognizances): to appear in court with any body, alicui adesse in judicio (to assist him with advice, countenance, etc.).|| Seem, videri: the impersonal form “it appears” is mostly translated personally; “it appears as if our friends would not come,” amici nostri non venturi videntur:”it appears as if we had lost the cause,” causa cecidisse videmur. To appear in anybody’s eyes, judicio alicujus esse: ab aliquo existimari; videri alicui; esse apud aliquem. || It appears = is evident, patet; apparet; liquet; intelligitur:it appeared from many proofs or signs, multis emanabat indiciis. || To make it appear, that, etc., docere, especially with argumentis: demonstrare: firmare, confirmare, especially with argumentis: efficere, vincere, evincere. Vid. PROVE.

APPEARANCE, adventus (approach):præsentia (presence): vadimonium (appearance of a surety in court): “on the appearance of the enemy all fled,” hoste appropinquante omnes terga vertorunt.|| That which appears, res objecta (what is presented to the eyes, Cicero, Acad.,2,12, 38): “visum” (what is seen, a sight, a vision): “species” (a form one believes one’s self to have seen, whether when awake or in a dream): “simulacrum” (an image of the fancy, which, bearing a resemblance to some particular object, is supposed to be seen by a waking person. But spectrum = εἲδωλον in the sense of the Stoics): ostentum: prodigium: portentum (prodigy, portent). A sudden appearance, repentinus objectus. An alarming appearance, objecta res terribilis. An unusual appearance, species nova atque insolita:also facies insolita (Sallustius, Jugurtha, 49, 4). An appearance in the heavens, phænomenon.Sometimes quæ fiunt may do (e.g., quæ mari cœlove fiunt). To make one’s appearance on the stage, in scenam prodire.|| Pcrsonal appearance, habitus corporis.|| Appearance, opposed to reality, “species”: to put on the appearance of anything, speciem alicujus rei præbere; simulare aliquid (to put on an appearance hypocritically: also simulare with, quasi and subjunctive, or accusative and infinitive): speciem alicujus rei induere: to have the appearance of anything, speciem alicujus rei habere (of things); speciem alicujus rei præ se ferre: similitudinem quandam gerere speciemque alicujus (of persons). In appearance, specie: in speciem (opposed to reapse); verbo: verbo et simulatione (opposed to revera, re ipsa).Sometimes simulate: ficte et simulate. He only put on the appearance ofmadness, simulavit se furere; simulavit furentem. He pretended to defend him to save appearances, speciem defensionis præbuit. First appearances are deceitful, prima frons decipit (Phaedrus, 4, 1, 4). To judge by first appearances, dijudicare aliquid ex prima fronte. || Under the appearance (= pretext, pretence), specie, per speciem:nomine (under color of): simulatione:per simulationem (under cloak of: sub prætextu or obtentu not classical). (The words are found in this connection and order), simulatione et nomine: fronte or in frontem (opposed to pectore). In all appearance, haud dubie. But mostly by circumlocution with verisimilis or videri.In all appearance (or, to all appearances), he will not come, vcrisimillimum est, eum non venturum; or, non venturus videtur; or, vereor ut venturus sit. To all appearances, a war is at hand, bellum imminere or exarsurum esse videtur. || To observe the appearances of the sky, de cœlo servare (of augurs).

APPEASABLE, placabilis. To show himself appeasable, placabilem inimicis so præbere, se præstare.

APPEASABLENESS, placabilitas; ingenium placabile: animus placabilis: animusad deponendam offensionem mollis.

APPEASE, placare (general term to pacify; e.g., numen divinum scelere vio latum precibus; iram deorum; hostes reipublicæ): expiare (to appease by expiatory rites: numen; manes): mitigare, linire (to soothe, to soften down; ut eum tibi ordinem aut reconcilies aut mitiges, Cicero). To appease any body who is angry with another.animum alicujus in aliquem offensiorem recolligere: to appease any body toward another, placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem; aliquem cum aliquo, or aliquem or alicujus animum alicui reconciliare; aliquemcum aliquo reconciliare. || To appease one’s hunger or thirst, famem or sitim explere or depellere (depulsare more poetical ): sitim reprimere.

APPEASEMENT, placatio (as act): reconciliato concordiæ or gratiæ: gratia reconciliata: reditus in gratiam.

APPEASER, reconciliator gratiæ (after Livius, 35, 45, 3: compare Apuleius, Apologia, p.286, Agrippa. populi reconciliator).

APPELLANT, appellator (Cicero, Orationes in Verrem, 4, 65, 146): qui appellat, provocat || To a battle: qui provocat;
qui aliquem ad pugnam, ad certamen provocat; qui aliquem ad pugnam evocat, lacessit, ad certamen elicit.

APPELLATE, || person appealed against, qui apellatur (de aliqua re).Sometimes reus. || Entertaining appeals, etc. An appellate Jurisdiction, judicium ad quod provocari potest; senatus provocationum.

APPELLATION, Vid. NANE.

APPELLATIVE, An appellative, vocabulum (= “nomen appellativum”).

APPELLATORY, “The appellatory libel” (Ayliffe), libellus appellatorius (Ulpianus).

APPELLEE. Vid. APPELLATE.

APPEND, addere: adjungere: adjicene, agglutinare [vid. ADD]. Not appendere, which is to “weigh out” anything to anybody; to “weigh.”

APPENDAGE, accessio (accessionem adjungere ædibus, Cicero; minima accessio semper Epirus regno Macedoniæ fuit, Livius): additamentum: appendix (vidit appendicem animi esse corpus, Cicero; exiguamappendicem Etrusci belli conficere, Livius). A small oppendage, appendicula: quasi quædam appendicula alicujus rei (Cicero).

APPENDANT, qui (quæ, quod) alicui rei hæret, adhærescit, etc. Often by suus (ejus or illorum); proprius suus, or ejus, etc.

APPENDANT, s., Vid. APPENDAGE.

APPENDICATE, Vid. APPEND.

APPENDICATION, adjunctio, appositio.|| Appendix. Vid. APPENDAGE.

APPENDIX, Vid. APPENDAGE.

APPERTAIN, || belong; of strict possession; est aliquid alicujus (not alicui):aliquis possidet aliquid. This appertains to me, hic meus est. [So always the possessive pronoun, not the dative of the personal one.] || Belong, relate to, etc., pertinere ad aliquid: spectare ad aliquid:referri or referendum esse ad aliquid. It appertains to a happy life, ad beatam vitam pertinet. Often by esse with the genitive.|| To be due to, deberi.

APPETENCE, appetitus: appetitio: appetentia. Vid. APPETITE.

APPETITE, appetitus: appetitio: appetentia (striving after anything; instinctive longing for it): cupiditas: cupido (the latter more poetical): aviditas (greedy desire): libido (o natural, mostly sensual, desire; lust: libidines, unbridled desires, lusts): desiderium (longing desire accompanied by a sense of want). Vid. DESIRE. || Desire of eating, cibi cupiditas, aviditas or appetentia: cibi appetendi aviditas (In Gellius, appetitus):fames (hunger). Want of appetite, fastidium: cibi satietas (when one is full).To hare an appetite, cibum appetere: to have a good appetite, to eat with appetite, libenter cibum sumere (of an invalid); libenter cœnare (general term: but of a particular instance, not of the habit): to have no appetite, cibum fastidire: to have no more appetite, satiatum esse, cibi satietate teneri: to create or produce an appetite, appetentiam cibi facere, præstare, invitare. Wine creates an appetite, cibi appetentia invitatur vino. To gire anybody an appetite (= make his mouth water), salivam alicui movere (Seneca). To get an appetite by walking, famem ambulando opsonare. To recover one’s appetite, get a fresh appetite, aviditatem cibi appetendirevocare. To fall to with a good appetite, integram famem ad cibum afferre.

APPETITION, appetitio: appetitus:appetentia.

APPLAUD, plaudere, applaudere alicui or alicui rei; applaudere et approbare aliquid. To applaud any body loudly, maximos plausus alicui impertire. Vid. PRAISE.

APPLAUDER, laudator (praiser, general term): prædicator (vaunter, one who praises publicly): præco (the herald of anybody’s praise): buccinator (trumpeter; with contempt, e.g., alicujus existimationis): approbator (approver, Cicero). Plinius uses applausor.

APPLAUSE, plausus (applause manifested by clapping hands): acclamatio, clamores (applause manifested by cheers, etc.; acclamatio especially of the people greeting a favorite, in. the historians; for in Cicero, it is a cry of disapprobation). (The words are found in this connection and order), plausus clamoresque: laus, laudes (praise). To receive any body or anything with applause, probare aliquem or aliquidapprobare, comprobare aliquid (approve of): landare aliquem or aliquid (praise). (The words are found in this connection and order), laudare et comprobare aliquid; alicui applaudere: plausum alicui dare or impertire: applaudere et approbare aliquem or aliquid: plausu, plausu et clamore prosequi aliquid. To receive or greet anybody with clamorous applause, clamore et vocibus alicui astrepere: anything, magno clamore approbare aliquid. With or amid loud applause, cum plausibus clamoribusque. To court applause, laudem venari; assensionem captare. Amid the applause of the whole province, plaudente tota provincia. A murmur of applause, admurmuratio.

APPLE, malum (properly apple and all similar fruits; e.g., apples, pomegranates,peaches, lemons, but not pears): pomum (general term for any edible fruit). Apples that hace been gathered, mala
strictiva (opposed to cadiva, fallings): apples for preserving, mala conditiva. The core of an apple, volva mali, pomi (Scribonius Largus, 104, end). || Pupil of the eye, pupula, pupilla: (as term of endearment) oculus, ocellus. To love any body as the apple of one’s eye, aliquem in oculis ferre or gestare; aliquem oculitus amare (in comedy).

APPLE-SAUCE, pulmentum ex malis coctum.

APPLE-TREE, malus: pomus.

APPLE-WOMAN, pomaria.

APPLIABLE, Vid. APPLICABLE.

APPLIANCE, Vid. APPLICATION.

APPLICABILITY, usus: utilitas (serviceableness for a purpose).

APPLICABLE, ad usum accommodatus: utilis. To be applicable, usui esse; usum habere: this is applicable to him (i.e., can be applied to him), hoc ad eum pertinet; hoc in eo valet or in eum cadit.Not to be applicable to anything, alienum esse, abhorrere a re.

APPLICANT, circumlocution with verb “to apply:” qui rogat (aliquem aliquid); qui petit, poscit, contendit (aliquid ab aliquo).

APPLICATION, || use, usus: usurpatio (act of using in a particular instance):a bad application, abusus. To admit of a wider application, latius patere. || Application of mind, animi attentio (Cicero). oftener intentio (act of directing the thoughts to anything): (diligentia (care with which one attends to anything: opposed to indiligentia). In Cicero applicatio animi is the attaching of the mind to an object with affection. To make a practical application of any thing, aliquid ita tractare, ut id ad usum transferas. All the applications of an art, omnia, quæ aliqua arte effici possunt. || Application (= particular use) of a word, must be translated by circumlocution with verbo uti (not verbum usurpare, adhibere): subjicere sententiam vocabulo; vocabulo aliquid significare, declarare. To use a word in a rare application, verbum doctiuscule ponere. “Cicero, too, makes a similar application of the word,” item consimiliter Cicero verbo isto utitur. “Cicero uses the word in a contrary application,” contra valet quum Cicero — ita dicit. Vid. Positio dictionis is not Latin. || Petition, vid. || Act of applying, circumlocution by participle admotus. “By the application of herbs,” admotis herbis (animam admotis fugientem sustinet herbis, Ovidius). || To make the application (e.g., of a tale), interpretari aliquid.

APPLY,|| to make a particular use of anything, uti aliqua re: anything to anything, adhibere aliquid alicui rei, or in re, or ad aliquid (to use it for anything): collocare in re: impendere in or ad aliquid: conferre ad aliquid (spend upon). To apply remedies to a disease, adhibere remedia morbo. || To make use of as relative or suitable to something, transferre in rem: traducere ad rem: accommodare ad rem. To apply what was said to one’s self, aliquid de se dictum putare; aliquid de se interpretari.To apply a tale, etc., interpretari aliquid; de aliquo or aliqua re dictum putare. || Apply one thing to another, admovere aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid (general term to move one thing to another; e.g., ad ignem): apponere ad aliquid (e.g., manum ad os). || To apply one’s self to a task, etc., diligentiam adhibere, industriam locare, studium collocare in re: (o apply one’s self very diligently to a task, magnum studium et multam operam conferre ad aliquid.

APPLY, Intransitive, || to be applicable.To apply to any body, ad aliquem pertinere; in aliquem cadere: in aliquo valere.|| To apply to (= make application to); confugere, perfugere, refugere, ad aliquem (fly to for help): se convertere or conferre ad aliquem; adire or convenire aliquem (to turn to, go to anybody): se applicare ad aliquem (attach one’s self to anybody for protection: also for information): rogare aliquem aliquid; petere, poscere, contendere aliquid ab aliquo; supplicare alicui pro re.

APPOINT, || fix, statuere, constituere: destinare (fix, determine): designare (mark out). (The words are found in this connection and order), constituere et designare: dicere (say, fix, by word of mouth): eligere (choose; fix upon by choice): finire, definire (fix by assigning the limits; hence declare, fix. So circumscribere): convenit inter nos (seldom convenimus inter nos: we agree together, etc.). To appoint a day, diem statuere, constituere, dicere, eligere: beforehand, diem præstituere, præfinire: to appoint a time, tempus dicere, destinare: to appoint a time for the assault, adeundi (scilicet, castra) tempus de finire: to appoint time and place, tempus et locum condicere: to appoint a pretty distant day, diem satis laxam statuere: to appoint a day for the marriage, eligere nuptiarum diem; nuptias in diem constituere:a day for the execution, diem necis destinare alicui. To appoint a law, legem sancire. To appoint anybody wages, mercedem alicui constituere: a residence, circumscribere locum habitan di alicui: the bounds of his kingdom, terminare fines imperii. To appoint anybody one’s heir, aliquem heredem instituere; aliquem heredem testamento scribere, fecere; aliquem heredem nuncupare (i.e., to name him as such before witnesses).To appoint anybody (king, etc.), constituere aliquem (regem, etc): to appoint anybody the keeper of another, apponere aliquem custodem alicujus: to appoint any body the guardian of another, tutorem aliquem alicui constituere (of a prince): testamento aliquem alicui tutorem instituere (of a
father appointing by will). Sometimes negotium alicui dare, ut, etc. || To appoint anybody to an office, constituere aliquem alicui munere: præficere or præponere aliquem muneri; mandare or deferre alicui munus: to appoint any body to succeed to another, aliquem in alicujus locum substituere (general term); aliquem in alicujus locum subrogare, sufficere (to choose anybody to succeed another who had died before the expiration of his office, etc.: subrogare of the proposer, sufficere of the people). || To appoint anybody or anything to or for anybody or anything, destinare alicuialiquid or aliquem (e.g., aliquam viro uxorem). || To appoint (= intend) anybody or anything to or far any office, fate, purpose, etc., destinare ad aliquid or alicui rei; designare ad aliquid (mark out for): seponere alicui rui or in aliquid (to set apart for). || To be appointed (= destined to any thing by fate), alicui rei or ad rem natum esse: fato tieri aliquid.”It is appointed to all men once to die”, etc., ea lege or hoc fato nati sumus, ut, etc.; ita a natura generati sumus, ut, etc. || Fix that a person should be present at such a time or place, aliquem adesse or venire jubere.”To appoint anybody to appear at Rome early in the following spring,” inito proximo vere Romæ aliquem adesse jubere:”to appoint that a person should come back to one,” aliquem ad se reverti jubere: to appoint a place or time, condicere tempus et locum (coeundi, Justinus). || Well appointed, instructus: omnibus rebus ornatus atque instructus. Vid. EQUIP.

APPOINTER, constitutor (Quintilianus, Lactantius).

APPOINTMENT, || stipulation. Vid. AGREEMENT. Constitutum. To have an appointment with anybody, habere constitutum cum aliquo (e.g., cum podagra, with the gout; Cicero, playfully). To make an appointment with anybody, cum aliquo mihi convenit, ut. We made an appointment, inter nos convenit, ut, etc. According to appointment, ut erat constitutum:ex pacto: ex convento: ex conventu.|| Order, jussus: jussum: mandatum:præceptum. [Vid. COMMAND.] According to anybody’s appointment, jussu or auctoritate alicujus; jubente aliquo; also by jussus ab aliquo: sometimes by ab aliquo only (as in Athenienses, a quibus erat profectus, Nepos., Milt., 2, 3, Dähne).|| Equipment, vid. || Allowance, vid.|| Act of appointing, constitutio. || To keep an appointment (= appear at an appointed day), ad diem adesse or sistere se, or sisti.

APPORTION, assignare: dispertire:distribuere: impertire: tribuere [SYN. in ALLOT.]: describere (if set down in writing; e.g., suum cuique munus describere):dimetiri. Sometimes dirigere aliquid ad aliquid: aliqua re dirigere aliquid:modulari aliquid aliqua re (i.e., to bring one thing into due proportion to another).

APPORTIONER, divisor (especially of lands to colonists, Cicero, Phil., 5, 7, 20):assignator (Ulpianus): distributor (Trism. ad Æscul, p. 92, 26).

APPORTIONMENT, assignatio (e.g., agrorum: as act or thing): attributio:perscriptio (of money: the latter by writing): pars (a portion): divisio (act of dividing): distributio. Vid. ALLOTMENT.

APPOSE,Vid. QUESTION. || Apply one thing to another. Vid. APPLY.

APPOSER, Vid. EXAMINER.

APPOSITE, appositus (ad aliquid: ad judicationem, Cicero, ad agendum, Cicero):idoneus (ad aliquid): accommodatus (alicui rei or ad aliquid): consentaneus alicui rei: conveniens alicui rei or ad aliquid (suitable to) aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid.

APPOSITELY, apte (e.g., dicere, aliquid disponere): to anything, ad aliquid apte, accommodate or apposite.

APPOSITENESS, by circnmlocution with accommodatum, aptum, idoneum, consentaneum esse; convenire or congruere (alicui rei or cum aliqua re), etc.

APPOSITION, adjunctio: appositio (e.g., exemplorum): adjectio, or by participle, admotus, appositus, adjectus. || In grammar, appositio, quam grammatici vocant.

APPRAISE, æstimare (general term to value). Censere was the act of the censor, etc., valuing property with a view to taxation.

APPRALSER, æstimator. Valuer of property with a view to taxation, censor.

APPRECIABLE, circumlocution by æstimari posse.

APPRECIATE, æstimare: æstimare ex æquo.

APPREHEND, || lay hold on, prehendere, apprehendere, comprehendere aliquem or aliquid: with any thing, aliqua re: prehendere or comprehendere aliquid manibus: manu prehendere or reprehendere aliquem (the latter, for the purpose of dragging him back; e.g., asoldier flying from battle). || To arrest, etc., comprehendere (general term): in custodiam dare: in vincula conjicere (put in prison): e fuga retrahere aliquem (if he was flying). || Seize with the mind; comprehend: capere (to take a thing): intelligere (to understand it): (mente) percipere (to take it in; see it clearly): assequi (to follow it; hence to master it). || Fear, vereri, timere, metuere. Vid. FEAR.

APPREHENSIBLE, quod intelligi or mente percipi potest.

APPREHENSION, comprehensio (act of seizing; of arresting; e.g., sontium, Cicero.): prehensio (in a judicial
sense; e.g., jus prehensionis habere, of arrest).|| Mental conception, captus (manner of apprehending; in classical prose, onlyin the phrase ut est captus alicujus or aliquorum): vis percipiendi (faculty of comprehending): intelligentia (power of understanding; understanding; post-Augustan, intellectus): intelligendi prudentia or prudentia (the understanding as a faculty, and a clear view into the nature of things obtained by its means, Cicero, De Or., 1, 20, 90; and Partitiones Oratoriae, 8, 29):ingenium (mental powers generally; quickness, talents). Quickness of apprehension, celeritas percipiendi; celeritas ingenii.Quick of apprehension, docilis: in aliquo est ingenii docilitas (easily learning):perspicax (seeing clearly through a thing).Slow of apprehension, indocilis: tardus:stupidus. To descend to the apprehension of one’s audience, ad intelligentiam audientiumor auditorum descendere. Suited, adapted, etc., to the apprehension of ordinary men, ad sensum popularem vulgaremque or ad commune judicium popularemque intelligentiam accommodatus or accommodate; intelligentia a vulgari non remotus: to descend to the apprehension of one’s pupils, of beginners, ad intelligentiam discentium descendere; se summittere ad mensuram discentium (Quintilianus):to be beyond our apprehension, fugere intelligently nostræ vim: to sharpen apprehensions, ingenium or intelligendi prudentiam acuere. || Notion, opinion, Vid. || Fear, anxiety, Vid.

APPREHENSIVE, || quick of apprehension, docilis: perspicax. || Fearful. Vid. FEARFUL, FEAR, v. || Sensitive, sensu præditus. Also, patibilis (e.g., natura, Cicero). Sometimes mollis, mollior, qui facile movetur.

APPREHENSIVELY. Vid. FEARFULLY.

APPREHENSIVENESS, intelligentia:intelligendi prudentia.

APPRENTICE, discipulus artificia or magistri (v. Cicero, De Or., 3, 9, 35): puer discens (both for pupil generally; the latter, if he is a lad under seventeen): tiro (one still a beginner in his art): tabernæ alumnus (pupil, lad, etc., of a handicraftsman or shopkeeper; e.g., tabernæ sutrinæ alumnus, a shoemaker’s apprentice). Cf., None of these words fully express our notion of an apprentice: perhaps ab aliquo in disciplinam receptus, or ab aliquo in disciplinam sollemni ritu receptus. To receive a lad as one’s apprentice, puerum sollemni ritu in disciplinam recipere.

APPRENTICE, v., puerum tradere opifici in disciplinam (of the father, etc.):dare puerum in tabernam opificis.

APPRENTICEHOOD, APPRENTICESHIP, annus or anni disciplinæ. To serve one’s apprenticeship, tirocinium ponere, deponere.

APPRISE, docere (general term, to inform, teach): edocere (to impart sufficient information about a particular circumstance): monere (to give information by way of warning): all these aliquem, aliquid, or de re: certiorem facere aliquem de re or alicujus rei. To be apprised of anything, certiorem fieri de re; edoceri aliquid; cognoscerc rem.

APPROACH, || of person, accedere ad aliquid: appropinquare ad aliquid or alicui rei: adventare (absolutely, to approach rapidly; especially of an enemy in the historians): succedere aliquid, ad or sub aliquid (draw near to gradually). To approach (of a general), copias adducere, (propius) admovere (e.g., ad urbem).|| Of time, appropinquare: appetere:adventare (i.e., with rapid steps): imminere, instare (to be at hand; of a threatening approach): prope adesse; subesse (to be near). The time approaches when, prope adest, quum, etc.: the seventh day was approaching, appetebat dies septimus: to have approached one’s eightieth year, prope ad octogesimum annum pervenisse.|| To come near to, resemble, prope accedere (ad); accedere ad similitudinem alicujus rei; non multum abesse (a); simile esse alicujus. To approach the truth, prope accedere ad veritatem; non multum abesse a veritate; simile esse veritatis.

APPROACH, Transitive, admovere aliquid alicui rei.

APPROACH, s., appropinquatio: accessus: adventus: successus (gradual approach; e.g., of enemies): appulsus (rapid approach; e.g., of ships). Sudden approach, adventus repentinus, improvisus: unexpected approach, interventus, superventus (Tacitus, Hist., 2, 54, 1): similitudo (approach in the way of resemblance).The approach of the sun, appulsus soils: the approach of death, mortis appropinquatio:at the approach of death, morte appropinquante: at the approach of night, nocte appetente; sub noctem (not nocte). || Access.(1) As place, aditus: to close all the approaches, omnes aditus claudere, intercludere, præcludere, obstruere. (2) Liberty of approaching, aditus: to be easy of approach (of persons), aditus ad eum est facilis. Vid. ACCESS. || Approaches (of a besieging army) must be translated by opera (works). To make approaches, opera urbi admovere: urbem operibus aggredi.

APPROACHABLE, patens; facilis accessu (of places): ad quem faciles sunt aditus (of persons). Vid. ACCESSIBLE, ACCESS.

APPROACHMENT, Vid. APPROACH, s.

APPROBATION, probatio: approbatio: comprobatio (approval): assensio or assensus (assent): plaueus (applause):assentatio (hypocritical approbation; in good sense, post-Augustan): acclamatio:clamores (cries of approbation; but in Cicero, acclamatio is a cry of disapprobation.) (The words are found in this connection and order), plausus clamoresque. To receive anything or anybody with approbation, probare aliquem or aliquid; approbare, comprobare aliquid (approve): alicui applaudere, plausum alicui dare or impertire; applaudere et approbare aliquem or aliquid; plausu, plausu et clamore prosequi aliquid (to applaud it): assentire, or assentiri alicui, or alicui rei; alicui assentari, suffragari, astipulari, album calculum adjicere alicui rei (vote for it: the last Plinius). To express unanimous approbation of anything, consensu et una voce approbare aliquid. Not to give, to withhold, one’s approbation, assensum (also with a re) retinere, cohibere:sustinere se ab assensu: to express clamorous approbation of any body, clamore et vocibus alicui astrepere: to express approbation loudly, magno clamore approbare aliquid. To receive, or be honored with, approbation approbari: any body’s approbation,probari alicui or ab aliquo; alicui placere: general approbation, omnibus probari or placere; ab omnibus laudari; omnium assensu comprobari. With clamorous expressions of approbation cum plausibus clamoribusque. To meet with no approbation, improbari; displicere: a speech is received without any approbation, oratio friget. To court approbation, assensionem captare; laudem venari.|| Liking for, amor: studium alicujus rei: proclivitas ad aliqiud (of a bad inclination for): inclinatio animi or voluntatis ad aliquid. || Attestation, adfirmatio: confirmatio. (To do anything) in approbation of (= to confirm) anything, ut rem testimonio confirmet, etc., or by other circumlocution with fidem alicui rei addere; aliquid testimonio coufirmare, etc.

APPROOF, Vid. APPROBATION.

APPROPERATE, approperare.

APPROPINQUATE, APPROPINQUE,Vid. APPROACH.

APPROPRIATE, addicere alicui aliquid (recognize it as his property): dicare, dedicare alicni aliquid (appropriate expressly to anybody, whether to a god or to a man):aliquid alicujus facere (aliquid meum, tuum, etc., facere for second and thirdpersons): aliquid alicui proprium tradere (Cicero., to deliver it to him for his own): aliquid alicui proprium facere (Horatius): sacrare, consecrare (to dedicate to a god).|| To appropriate to one’s self, aliquid suum facere: aliquid sibi or ad se vindicare; also, vindicare aliquid (to claim as one’s property, whether justly or not): in se tranaferre aliquid (to appropriate it unjustly): arrogare sibi aliquid (to claim presumptuously what does not belong to one):sumere or assumere sibi aliquid (to take to one’s self what does not rightfully belong to one): sibi inscribere aliquid (of giving to ones self a title or character; e.g., nomenphilosophi): occupare aliquid (of seizing anything before another who might wish to do the some): sibi uni aliquid tribuere.To appropriate to one’s self a part of anything, partem alicujus rei ad se vindicare:aliquid ex aliqua re sibi arrogare (e.g., of another man’s merit, ex aliena laude):aliquid ex aliqua re sibi decerpere (e.g., ex alicujus laude). The nobles appropriated to themselves three magistracies, tres magistratus nobilitas sibi sumsit.

APPROPRIATION, assignatio (allotting, allotment, with agrorum erpressed or understood): addictio (e.g., bonorum): consecratio (religious dedication; probably post-Augustan, for in Cicero, Balb., 14, 33, it seems to be a gloss: sacratio, late, Macrobius): dedicatio (dedication; e.g., templi, ædis; also, the beginning to appropriateanything to a particular use; e.g., patinæ, Suetonius).

APPROVABLE, probabilis; laudabilis, laude disnus (deserving praise): prædicabilis (deserving to be extolled).

APPROVAL, APPROVANCE,Vid. APPROBATION.

APPROVE, probare aliquem or aliquid:approbare, comprobare aliquid: laudare (to praise): prædicare (to extol): assentire or assentiri alicui rei (assent to):album calculum adjicere alicui rei (Plinius, vote for it): ratum habere (to recognize as valid; e.g., the acts of a governor, etc.: of a law, sometimes jubere). To approve of what has been done, probare ea quæ facta sunt. See more under Approbation.|| To approve one’s self to anybody, se alicui probare. To approve one’s selffaithful, etc., se fidum præstare, præbere.|| To prove, probare aliquid alicui, etc., Vid. || Approved, to be, probari alicui or ab aliquo: placere alicui; laudari (to be praised, etc.): satisfacere (to satisfy).More under APPROBATION. || Approved (= tried and allowed to be so): probatus; spectatus; spectatus et probatus; spectatus et cognitus; spectatus jam et diu cognitus; confessus (allowed). A man of approved virtue, integrity, etc., homo probatus or spectatus; homo virtute cognita; vir spectatæ integritatis.

APPROVEMENT. Vid APPROBATION.

APPROVER, approbator (e.g., profectionis meæ, Cicero: opposed to suasor et impulsor): probator (e.g., facti, Cicero):comprobator (e.g., auctoritatis ejus et inventionis, Cicero): laudator (praiser). || Approver, in law, must be translated by the general term index (informer).

APPROXIMATE, v.. Intrransitive, Vid. APPROACH, INTR. || Transitive, Vid. APPROACH, TR.

APPROXIMATE, propinquus: proximus.Sometimes by circumlocution with prope accedere ad aliquid; non multumabesse ab aliqua re.

APPROXIMATION, appropinquatio:accessus. [Vid. APPROACH]. To be an approximation to anything, (prope) accedere ad aliquid; non multum abesse ab aliqua re.

APPULSE, appulsus (Cicero).

APRICOT, prunum Armeniacum; also, Armeniacum or Armenium only. An apricot-tree, Armeniaca.

APRIL, Aprilis, with or without mensis.The first of April, Kalendæ Apriles. The fifth of April, Nonæ Apriles. To make anybody an April fool, ludibrio habere aliquem. April weather, varietas et inconstantia tempestatum; crebra tempestatumcommutatio; cœlum varians.

APRON, subligaculum, subligar (covering round the loins): campestre (worn by young persons engaging naked in the exercises of the Campus Martius: wearing such an apron, campestratus): præcinctorium (a longer apron: late). A leather apron, præcinctorium coriarium [not ventrale or semicinctiuin]. || In gunnery, operculum. || An apron-hold, feudom muliebre.

APRON-MAN, opifex. Collctively sometimes, qui in tabernis sunt.

APROPOS, audi! dic quæso! Apropos of any thing, quoniam mentio hujus rei injecta est (since this subject has been mentioned): sed quod mihi in mentem venit (but it just occurs to me). To come very apropos, opportune venire.

APSIS, abaia or apsis, genitive, apsidis (ἁψίς).

APT, || fit, idoneus ad aliquid: aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid; conveniens, congruens (unclassical, congruus), consentanens alicui rei or ad aliquid. [SYN. in ADAPTED.] κυρικιμασαηικο|| Inclined to, propensus ad aliquid (easily moved to anything):proclivis ad aliquid: pronos in or ad aliquid (easily falling into anything; e.g., diseases, rage, passions, etc. Before Tacitus, pronus only of instinctive, passionate, and therefore pernicious, inclination): studiosus alicujus rei (fond of). Vid. “Apt to do” anything, may often be translated by solere (of things and persons), assuevisse, consuevisse (of persons), with infinitive.|| An apt wit, ingenium acutum:docile: excellens; præstans; eximium.

APT, v., Vid, ADAPT.

APTITUDE, Vid. APTNESS.

APTLY, apte (e.g., dicere; aliquid disponere): ad aliquid apte, accommodate or apposite. Sometimes convenienter. congruenter. (The words are found in this connection and order), apte congruenterque: congruenter convenienterque: idonee: apposite: commode. || Readily, quickly, promte (Tacitus.): celeriter, cito (quickly): bene, optime (well).

APTNESS, || disposition, proclivitas or animus proclivis (ad aliquid). || Aptness for learning, ingenium ad aliquid aptum or habile; ingenii dexteritas; ingenium docile; docilitas: ingenii acumen.To have an aptness for any thing, habilem or aptum esse ad aliquid: a natural aptness, natum esse ad aliquid. || Fitness, convenientia (apt agreement; e.g., partium, rerum): congruentia (Suetonius: morum, Augustinus): habilitas (aptitude for any purpose: corporis habilitates, Cicero.).

APTOTES (indeclinables); aptota (ἄπτωτα: Diomedes, Prisc.).

AQUA FORTIS, aqua fortis; chrysulca (technical term).

AQUA MARINA, beryllua (according to O. Müller).

AQUARIUS, Aquarius.

AQUATIC, aquatilis (aquatiles bestiæ, Cicero: also, artorea, frutices, Plinius): aquaticus (aquaticæ aves, Plinius).

AQUATILE. Vid. AQUATIC.

AQUEDUCT, aquæ or aquarum ductus.Often aqua only; e.g., “the aqueduct of Claudius,” aqua Claudia. To make an aqueduct to the town, aquam in urbem ducere.

AQUEOUS, aquatilis (having a watery taste, ὑδαρής: e.g., sapor, succus): aquaticus is watery, wet: aquosus, watery, abounding in water.

AQUILINE,An aquiline nose, nasus aduncus. [Aquilinus is, belonging to an eagle; eagle-like.]

ARABESQUES, picturæ monstra (after Vitruvius, 7, 5, 3): rerum quæ nec sunt nec fieri possunt nec fuerunt imagines (after Vitruvius, 7, 5. 4).

ARABLE, arabilis (Plinius, not as a general epithet of such land: campus nullis, cum siccus est, arabilis tauris). Arable land, ager novalis (Varro), or novalis (scilicet, terra), or novale (scilicet, solum: all, a field or land that must be ploughed). Sometimes by arva, plural.

ARANEOUS, araneus.

ARATION, aratio.

ARBALIST, arcuballista (Vegetius).

ARBALISTER, arcuballistarius (Vegetius).

ARBITER, arbiter (one who decides a cause on grounds of equity, whereat a judex is bound to decide by law; also, in all the senses of the English word): disceptator (one who examines and decides upon the validity of the grounds alleged; e.g,. in disagreements and verbal disputes). To choose any body as arbiter, aliquem arbitrum or disceptatorem sumere: to appoint an arbiter between two parties, arbitrum inter partes dare: to act as arbiter, esse arbitrum or disceptatorem inter aliquos: aliquorum controversiam diaceptare or dirimere: to be arbiter in a cause, arbitrum esse in aliquare:
alicujus rei arbitrium est penes aliquem; dirimere or diaceptare aliquid (to adjust or settle a dispute); aliquid componere (to settle it in an amicable way). The decision of an arbiter, arbitrium. || Judge, Vid.

ARBITRAMENT, Vid. ARBTREMENT.

ARBITRARILY, ad arbitrium: ad libidinem; ad voluntatem; ex libidine; ex voluntate; insolenter. To form words arbitrarily, verba fingere insolenter (Gellius) or licentius. Vid. Arbitrarily often implies cruelty, despotic conduct, etc., superbe, crudeliter. To act arbitrarily, crudeliter ac regie facere; crudelissime se gerere: to rule or govern arbitrarily, crudelem superbamque dominationem exercere (after Cicero, Phil., 3, 14, 34).

ARBITRARIOUS, arbitrarius (opposed to certus, Plautus: to naturalis, Gellius).

ARBITRARIOUSLY, Vid. ARBITRARILY.

ARBITRARY, || despotic, unlimited, absolute: infinitus (unbounded):summus (highest): imperiosus (in o lordly, tyrannical way). (The words are found in this connection and order), imperiosus et superbus: impotens, against anybody, alicui (in a passionate, unbridled way: of both persons and things): importunus (hard, showing no mercy or consideration for others in one’s conduct: opposed to clemens). Sometimes crudelis in aliquem:aævus in aliquem. Arbitrary power, infinita or summa potestas; imperium summum; quum dominatu unius omnia tenentur; or dominatio only: to possess arbitrary power, summo imperio præditum esse. An arbitrary spirit, superbia. || Depending on no rule, capricious:arbitrarius (late: dependent on one’s own will; e.g., motus, opposed to natnralis,Gellius): libidine or ex libidine factus (formed by one’s own will alone, and so capriciously): insolens (unusual): insolenter fictus (of words arbitrarily invented, Gellius).

ARBITRARINESS, mostly by superbia:insolentia: impotentia.

ARBITRATE, || decide judicially, disceptare aliquid: deceruere aliquid, or de re, or absolutely dijudicare aliquid (these three are also used of arbitration by the sword, ferro): judicare aliquid or de re: decidere aliquid or de re: statuere, constituere aliquid. To arbitrate in any matter, affirmare de re: in a dispute, controversiam disceptare, decernere, dijudicare: de controversia decidere, statuere, constituere. || Act as arbiter, arbitri partes suscipere: esse arbitrum or disceptatorem (inter aliquos). Vid. “to be an arbiter,” under ARBITER.

ARBITRATION, arbitrium. To refuse anybody’s arbitration, arbitrum or disceptatorem aliquem recusare. To commit anything to any body’s arbitration, rem alicujus arbitrio permittere: to the arbitration of the sword, controversiam ferro dijudicare, decernere, disceptare.|| Decision, dijudicatio, disceptatio (as action): judicium, sententia (judical sentence).

ARBITRATOR, Vid. ARSITER.

ARBITREMENT, arbitrium: sententia: judicium (judicial sentence): disceptatio: dijudicatio (act of deciding).

ARBOR, umbraculum: casa frondea(poetical. Ovidius).

ARBORET, arbuscula (Varro).

ARBOREOUS, arboreus.

ARBOROUS, arboreus.

ARBOR-VINE, convolvulus.

ARBUSCLE, arbuscula.

ARBUTE, arbutus: arbutum (fruit of it; and by metonymy, the tree).

ARC, arcus (in mathematics: segment of a circle, etc.). || Arch, Vid.

ARCADE, porticus: ambulatio arcuata (Kraft and Forbiger).

ARCH, arcus (general term): fornix (arch, arch-way; both used of triumphal arches). An arched roof, camera (camera lapideis fornicibus vincta). Observe, Cicero censures Ennius’s fornices cœli (“the arch of heaven”) as a badly chosen image.

ARCH, v., arcuare (Livius): camerare:concamerare (to arch over; cover with a vaulted roof: camarare, Plinius only; nidos camerare ab imbri): confomicare (Vitruvius, arch over). To be arched, arcuari (general term, to be arched or curved):fomicatim curvari (Plinius): concamerari (to be arched over; covered with an arched roof). || Arched, arcuatus: in formam arcus incurvus (Mela): in apsida curvatus (Plinius): cameratus, concameratus (arched or vaulted over). Sometimes convexus, gibbus (swelling out).

ARCH, a., petulans; lascivus.

ARCH- (as prefix = ) chief, (a) In dignities and titles archi- prefixed, as in Archbishop, Archiepiscopus: in other words (b), often by summus or maximus (with or without omnium): by (c) caput or princeps with genitive; or (d) by qui totus ex aliqua re factus est, or versatus in omni genere alicujus rei; or, lastly (in a few words in Plautus, and afterward in Juvenalis), by the Greek prefix tri- . . Thus, trifur, triscurria.

ARCHAEOLOGY, antiquaram literarum scientia: antiquarum rerum scientia (according as acquaintance with ancient literature or with other monumnents of antiquity
is meant).

ARCHANGEL, Archangelus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici).|| Dead-nettle, galeopsis: lamium.

ARCHAISM, verbum or vocabulum obsoletum, exoletum, ab usu quotidiani sermonis jam diu intermissum: dicendi, loquendi ratio obsoleta.

ARCHBISHOP, Archiepiscopus (Codex Justinianus).

ARCHBISHOPRIC, archiepiscopatus.

ARCH-DEACON, archidiaconus.

ARCH-DUKE, archidux.

ARCH-PHILOSOPHER, summus philosophus.

ARCH-PRESBYTER, archipresbyter.

ARCH-PRIEST, summus sacerdos:archisacerdos: archipresbyter (Scriptores Ecclesiastici).

ARCHED, Vid. ARCH, v.

ARCHER, sagittarius. A mounted archer, hippotoxota.

ARCHERY, sagittarum emissio: circumlocution by sagittas mittere. As a game, lusuum id genus, quo in orbes tela conjiciunt.

ARCHETYPAL, archetypus (Juvenalis).

ARCHETYPE, archetypum (Varro, Macrobius, ἀρχέτυπον in Cicero.):exemplum primum: exemplum: species (used by Cicero for the Platonic ὶδέα ).

ARCHITECT, architectus [architecton, Plautus, Seneca]. || Contriver, auctor: parens: inventor: conditor: effector. (The words are found in this connection and order), parens effectorque: princeps: architectus. (The words are found in this connection and order), princeps et architectus: inventor et quasi architectus: molitor: instimulator: concitator. (The words are found in this connection and order), instimulatoret concitator. The architect of the world, creator or procreator mundi: effector mundi molitorque.

ARCHITECTONIC, architectonicus (Vitruvius).

ARCHITECTURE, architectura (Cicero): trchitectonice (Quintilianus).

ARCHITRAVE, epistylium.

AECHIVARY, ab actis (Inscriptiones).

ARCHIVE, tabularium (archium, archivum, crammatophylacion, post-classical).

Archives, tabulæ publicæ (acta publica or acta are the records of the proceedingsof the senate, people, etc.: tabulinum or tablinum, a place in a Roman house where documentary papers were kept).

ARCH-LIKE, in formam arcus incurvus, etc. Vid. ARCHED.

ARCHWISE, in formam arcus: arcuatim (Plinius).

ARCTIC, septemtrionalis (regio, populus, etc.): aquilonaris regio (Cicero, properly relating to the northeast). [Arcticus circulus, Hyginus, Astronomia, 1, 6.] Vid. Borealis, unclassical and poetical. Vid NORTH, NORTHERN.

ARCUATE,Vid. ARCHED.

ARCUATION, arcuatio (only in Frontinus).

ARCUBALISTER,arcuballistarius(Vegetius).

ARDENCY, ardor (scilicet, amoris, Tibullus):æstus (of fevers, passions, etc), vis.

ARDENT, ardens: fervens or fervidus:æstuosus (of raging heat). IMPROPRE., calidus; ardens; fervens or fervidus:acer (vehement, fierce). An ardent temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum. || Ardent, of spirits, etc., fervidus (after vina fervida, Horatius).

ARDENTLY, ardenter; ferventer; acriter: cupide, avide (eagerly). To desire ardently, ardenter cupere aliquid; vehementer cupere.

ARDOR, PROPR. Vid. HEAT. IMPROPR., ardor, fervor, æstus (the first the weakest, the last the strongest: all three also with animi, when mental ardor is meant):impetus (impetuosity). Youthful ardor, ardor juvenilis; ardor or fervor ætatis.

ARDUOUS, || high, Vid. || Difficult, gravis (heavy): difficilis: non facilis (difficult): magnus (great): durus (hard):impeditus (encumbered with difficulties). An arduous task, magnum opus atque arduum.

ARDUOUSNESS, || height, Vid.|| Difficulty, difficultas: negotium (the labor one must undergo to attain one’s object).

AREA, area: superficies (extension in length and breadth). A small area, areola.

AREAD, AREED, Vid. ADVISE

AREFACTION, circumlocution by arefacio, arefieri.

AREFY, arefacere (Varro): siccare.

ARENACEOUS, arenaceus (Plinius).

ARENATION, arenatio (Vitruvius, for a stucco of sand).
ARENOSE, arenosus.

ARETOLOGY, Vid. MORAL (philosophy).

ARGENT, adj., argenteus.

ARGILLACEOUS, argillaceus (consisting of clay, Plinius): argillosus (abounding with clay, Varro).

ARGOSY, Vid. SHIP.

ARGUE, to discuss a question: agere rem or de re (general term): disputare, disserere de aliqua re (of learned discussions: disserere, mostly of a continuous discourse): sermonem habere de re (discuss it in conversation): disceptare aliquid or de aliqua re (with a view to the settlement of a dispute): to argue at great length, multis verbis disputare: to argue on the other side, contra disputare: to argue on both sides of a question, in utramque partem: on opposite sides, in contrarias partes. || Produce arguments, argumentari (with neuter pronoun or dependent clause): docere argumentis: firmare, confinnare argumentis: efficere or evincere velle (to wish to establish an opinion).|| Accuse, arguere (with genitive, ablative de, accusative with infinitive, or ut). [Vid. ACCUSE.] || Prove, infer (transitively), probare: evincere, ostendere, declarare.

ARGUER, disputator (seldom: once in Cicero): qui disputat, etc.

ARGUMENT, || proof, reason, argumentum: ratio. To bring or allege arguments, argumenta or rationes afferre:to derive arguments from, argumenta ex re ducere, sumere, cruere; to reject anargument, argumentum rejicere: to press an argument, argumentum premere: to be an argumrnt, argumento esse. Observe. An argument for any thing, not argumentum pro aliqua re, but argumenium quo aliquid esse demonstratur, etc. To bring many arguments for the existence of a God, multis argumentis Deum esse docere. That is no argument, nullum verum id argumentum est. To produce or allege many probable arguments for that opinion, multa in eam partem probabiliter argumentari (Livius). Argumentum is often left out when an adjective is used; e.g., “the strongest argument for this is”, etc., firmissimum hoc afferri videtur, quod, etc. (Cicero). || Subject of a discourse or writing, sententia: sententiæ (the principal thought or thoughts): argumentum (subject matter of a speech, essay, etc., for which materia is never used in the classics): summa (the main subject; e.g., of a letter, conversation, etc.). || Contents summed up by way of abstract, summarium; epitome [vid. ABRIDGMENT]:index (QuintilianUS). || Subject under discussion, quæstio: controversia: res controversa: disceptatio. Often by circumlocution with quod cadit in controversiam or disceptationem. || Dispute, discussion, concertatio: disputatio:pugna: controversia. To make anything the subject of an argument, rem in controversiam vocare, adducere, deducere.

An argument arises, oritur certamen or controversia (de aliqua re cum aliquo).To hold an argument about anything with any body, disputare de aliqua recum aliquo.

ARGUMENTATION, argumentatio:also ratio (e.g., Cicero, De Or., 2, 53, 214).

ARGUMENTATIVE, perhaps by gravis (weighty): firmus ad probandum, etc.

ARGUTE, argutus.

ARIA, aria.

ARID, aridus (dry, from an internal want of moisture, caused by a heat acting within): torridus (dry, from being burned up by an external heat): siccus (dry as to the surface). (The words are found in this connection and order), exsiccatus atqne aridus. Vid. DRY.

ARIDITY, ariditas: aritudo: siccitas [SYN. in ARID]. Vid. DRYNESS.

ARIES, aries.

ARIETATION, arietatio (butting like a ram, Seneca).

ARIGHT, recte: juste, vere: bene.Sometimes sincere, sine fraude. To judge aright, vere or recte judicare de re. To see or hear aright, recte videre, audire. If I remember aright, si bene or recte memini.

ARIOLATION, hariolatio.

ARISE, (A) PROPR., || surgere: exsurgere: consurgere (especially of several):se erigere (to raise one’s self up : of little children trying to raise themselves fromthe ground): from a seat, surgere e sella: from bed, surgere, with or without (e) lectulo or (e) lecto: surgere cubitu (properly: ex morbo assurgere, of leaving one’s bed after a disease): from table, surgere a cœna; also poscere calceos (asking for one’s shoes as a sign of intending to rise from table). || Mount up on high, so levare (of birds: se sublimius levare):levari: sublime ferri: sublimem abire.Clouds arise, nebulæ levantur in nubes:the smoke arises from the cottages, fumus evolvitur e tuguriis. A storm arises, tempestas cooritur: nubilare cœpit; nubilatur. || Arise, of the heavenly bodies, oriri: exoriri: emergere (of the stars; not of the sun). || Arise (of thoughts in the mind), subire mentem or animum: succurrere. A thought arises in my mind, subit cogitatio animum: a suspicion arose in my mind, incidit mihi suspicio; venit mihi m suspicionem
(both with accusative and infinitive). || Arise (from the dead ) reviviscere, in vitam redire: ab infelis exsistere: ab orco reducem in lucem fieri (according to heathennotions): ab inferis excitari or revocari.|| Arise (= appear gradually) of the day, appetere: dies appetit; lucescit; dilucescit: illucescit. As soon as day arose, ubi primum illuxit, (B) IMPR, || come forth, appear: prodire (to come forth): exsistore, se efferre (of distinguished men):exoriri (agreeing with our “arise” in this sense: of remarkable persons or things,whether good or bad: libido; ferren proles, Sulla, Epicurus, etc., Cicero: ultor nostris ex ossibus, Vergilius). || Rise up in a rebellious manner, or against anybody, exsurgere contra or adversus aliquem (Tacitus): cooriri in aliquem: imperium alicujus dctrectare: consurgere ad bellum, ad bellum cooriri: rebellare (the proper word of those who had been subdued).

ARISTOCRACY, || as an administration, paucorum et principum administratio.|| As a form ofgovernment, ejus reipublicæ status, quum est penes delectos omnium summa potestas; optimatium status; ea imperii forma, qua vis omnis penes primores civitatis est (after Livius, 1, 43). || An aristocratical state, respoblica, quæ a principibus tenetur; optimatium ciritas; civitas, in qua cives per principes reguntur; civitas, quæ ab optimatibus (or optimatium arbitrio, Cicero) regitur; respublica optuma; respublica, quæ est penes principes.|| Sway or power of an aristocracy, optimatium dominatus or potentia: potestas atque opes optimatium. || “The aristocracy,” Vid. “the Aristocrats.”

ARISTOCRAT, || defender of aristocracy, qui optimatium causam agit:optimatium fautor: nobilium amicus:nobilitatis fautor or studiosus. || The aristocrats, optimates; proceres; principes civitatis: potentiores cives.

ARISTOCRATIC, ARISTOCRATICAL, qui optimatium causam agit (of aristocratic opinions; of the aristocratic party):quod ad oprimatium imperium pertinet (relating to aristocracy):quod ab optimatibus proficiscitur (proceeding from the aristocratical).

ARITHMETIC, arithmetica, orum (Cicero.): arithmetice, es, or arithmetica, æ: notitia numerorum (the knowledge of numbers, geturaliy, Quintilianus, 1, 10, 35). To teach arthmetic, arithmetica profiteri.

A teacher of arithmetic, arithmeticorum magister. || An arithmetic book, liber arithmeticus.

ARITHMETICAL, arithmeticus.

ARITHMETICALLY, To explain anything arithmetically, numeris aliquid explicare.

ARITHMETICIAN, arithmeticus. A good or expert arithmetician, bonus or diligens ratiocinator (good calculator): in arithmeticis satis exercitatus (Cicero).

ARK, || (Noah’s) ark, navis. || Ark of the covenont, area fœderis divini.

ARM, s., (1, a limb) || of men, brachium (from the hand to the elbow: often for the whole arm, when distinction is not necessary): lacertus (from the elbow to the shoulder: also for arm generally, especially when its strength or muscularity is meant): tori (the muscular arm of the Athletæ). Relating to the arm, brachialis:having strong arms, lacertosus. With his arms a kimbo, ansatus (Plautus, Pers., 2, 5, 7): to carry anything under one’s arm, aliquid sub ala portare: what is carried under the arm (i.e., habitually), subalaris (telum. subalare, Nepos): to carry a child in one’s arm, puerum in manibus gestare:to take a child in one’s arms, puerum in manus accipere: to embrace any body with one’s arms, aliquem medium complecti:to clasp in one’s arms, arctius amplecti aliquem: to sink in anybody’s arms, manibus alicujus excipi. Observe, “arms” = “enfolding arms,” “embrace,” is mostly to be translated by complexus: to lie or be enfolded in anybody’s arms, hærere in alicujus complexu: to receire anybody in one’s arms, manibus aliquem excipere:to receive anybody with open arms, libens ac supinis manibus excipio aliquem: to die in anybody’s arms, in complexu alicujus emori or extremum vitæ spiritumedere; inter alicujus manus exspirare; inter sublevantis manus exstingui: to tear children from the arms of their parents, liberos e parentum complexu abripere; liberos de parentum complexu avellere atque abstrahere: to support with one’s arms, aliquem sustinere (in walking, getting into a carriage, etc.): aliquem collapsum excipere (to raise one who had fallen): to fly to anybody’s arms (for protection), ad aliquem confugere; alicujus fidei se committere: se committere in fidem et clientelam alicujus (as a client to a patron): in alicujus sinum confugere (Silver Age). || IMPROPRE., power, strength, manus, potestas. Kings have long arms, longæ regibus sunt manus (Ovidius). The secular arm, imperium or potestas magistratuum. || Of a river, pars: cornu (winding arm, Ovidius): caput (mouth: also, and more frequently, the head, source). || Of a mountain chain, brachium (Taurus brachia emittit, Plinius): ramus. || Of a tree, brachium:ramus [vid. BRANCH]. || Of a chair, ancon (Cælius Aurelianus, Tardae Passiones, 2, 1, 46). || In fortification, works to connect two points, brachium: more frequently, lingua (σκέλη). || Arm of a catapult, brachium.|| Arms of a pair of scales, caput (Vitruvius,8, 5, 3, Schneider). || Arms of an anchor, anchoræ brachium or cornu.

ARM, v., Transitively, armare (to furnish with arms: then, to provide with what is necessary: against anybody, adversus aliquem): armis instruere (to furnish with arms): instruere: munire (to furnish with anything considered as a weapon).|| Armed, armatus: in armis (ἐν ὅπλοις, in or under arms). || To arm one’s self
against anything, præcavere aliquid: tutum or munitum esse ab aliqua re: se præparare ad aliquid (to make preparations against): animum præparare ad aliquid: se or animum componere ad aliquid (to prepare one’s mind against).Sometimes meditari aliquid: to be armed against anything, animo sum ad aliquid parato; tutum or munitum esse aliqua re: aliqua re se loricare (Plinius) [vid. ARM, v., intransitive]. || To clothe anybody with armor, lorica, thorace, cataphracta induere aliquem (according to the kind of armor meant).

ARM, v., Intransitively, arma sibi induere (to put on one’s armor): arma capere (to take to one’s weapons: prepare for war: for which ad arma or ad saga ire is also found): arma sumere (to take one’s weapons in ones hand to use them). || To be arming (of nations), bellum parare, apparare, comparare, adornare, instruere:belli apparatnm instruere; omnia, quæ ad bellum pertinent, providere.

ARMADA, naves bellicæ: classis.

ARMAMENT, copiæ: mostly of a naval armament: copiæ navales; naves bellicæ classis.

ARMATURE, arma, orum, n., armatura (the latter with reference to the nature, etc., of the weapons).

ARMED, || having arms. An armed chair, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata (Cælius Aurelianus, Tardae Passiones, 2, 1, 46): cathedra (armed chair of Roman ladies).

ARM-GAUNT, macer: strigosus: strigosi corporis.

ARM-HOLE, ala (poetical, alarum vallis, Catullus).

ARMILLARY, armillæ similis.

ARMIPOTENCE, armipotentia is used by Ammianus, 18, 5.

ARMIPOTENT, armipotens (Lucretius, Vergilius).

ARMISONOUS, armisonus (Vergilius).

ARMISTICE, indutiæ. To conclude an armistice, facere or inire indutias. To agree to an armistice, consentire ad indutias. Vid. TRUCE.

ARMLET, || little arm, brachiolum (Catullus). || Bracelet for the arm, brachiale (general term): armilla (bracelet, armlet): spinther (σπιγκτήρ ? armlet for the upper arm): calbei were armlets given to soldiers as a reward (Festus): spathalium or spatalium, dardanum, viriola, viria, were also ornaments of the arm, of unknown form. To put on golden armlets, brachia et lacertos auro colere (Curtius).

ARMOR, armatus, us (= manner of being armed: only in the ablative: dispari armatu; Cretico armatu): arma, orum, n. (general term for arms): cataphracta (iron or brass scale-armor, for men or horses, etc.): lorica (leathern jerkin):thorax (iron breast-plate, cuirass). (The words are found in this connection and order), loricæ thoracesque. To put on one’s armor, lorica, thorace. cataphracta (according to meaning) se tegere or induere.To strip the bodies of their armor, arma corporibus detrahere (Livius).

ARMOR-BEARER, armiger.

ARMORER, faber armorum. || Squire:one who puts on another’s armor, perhaps armiger.

ARMORIAL, Armorial bearings, clypeus insignis: insigne generis. One who has a right to armorial bearing, alicui licet insigni frui (according to Roman custom, qui imagines familiæ suæ consecutus est).

ARMORY, armamentarium. || Armor, VID. || Armorial bearings Vid. ARMORIAI.,

ARMPIT, ala (vallis alarum, poetical, Catullus).

ARMS, arma (general term, but of defensive armor, not applied to missiles tela: also figuratively, as arma prudentiæ, senectutis, legum): tela (missiles). Furnished with arms, armatus: armis instructus: without arms, inermis: to take arms, ad arma ire: arma capere (to arm one’s self against anybody, contra aliquem): arma sumere (especially when other means might have been tried, contraaliquem); descendere ad vim atque ad arma: to seize one’s arms, arma arripere:they ran to arms, concursum est ad arma:to arms! ad arma! to sound to arms! ad arma conclamare! (Livius): to lay down arms, arma deponere; armis discedere:ro fling away their arms, arma abjicere:to take away any bodies arms, arma alicui auferre: to be under arms, in armis esse:to have 20,000 men under arms, milia viginti in armis habere: to grow old in arms, in armis consenescere: to bear arms against anybody, arma contra aliquem ferre: to turn one’s arms against anybody, arma in aliquem vertere: to defend one’s country by arms, patriam armis ac virtute defendere: to give up one’s arms, arma tradere (Nepos): to defend one’s self by the arms of prudence, armis prudentiæ se tueri ac defendere.

ARMY, exercitus: acies (army in battle array): agmen (army in marching order):milites (soldiers, especially when the individuals are meant: also the singular miles, when “the soldier” = “the soldiers,” or “the army generally): vires (the military forces): copiæ (forces): often with armatorum, or peditum equitumque, or pedestres, equestres, pedestres equestresque, pedestres navalesque. To command or lead an army, exercitum ducere, exercitui
præesse: to levy an army, exercitum scribere or conscribere; milites scribere or legere; delectum habere (of the Roman consul: scribere or conscribere, to enroll the names of those who ought to serve):exercitum colligere, or conficere (not cogere), or parare, comparare: to hire an army of mercenaries, exercitum or copias mercede conducere: to recruit an army, exercitui snpplementum scribere (of setting down the names): exercitum supplere or reficere: to draw up an army (in order of battle), aciem instruere or instituere: to disband an army, milites mittere, dimittere or missos facere; militibusmissionem dare [SYN. tn DISBAND]. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Great number, exercitus (e.g., corvorum, Vergilius): multitudo: copia incredibilis; vis masna.

AROMATIC, aromaticus (late). || Aromatics, aromata.

AROMATIZE, condire.

AROUND, Preposition, circum: circa [vid. ABOUT ]: Adverb, circum: totus circum: in circuitu. Often by circum in composition:to ride around, circumequitare or equo circumvehi (locum): to roll around, circumvolvere (transitively), circumvolvi (intransitively). Sometimes by per: to look around, circumspicere: circumspectare: oculos circumferre: perlustrare (omnia, etc.): to wander around, pervagari (locum): to look around in a threatening way, oculos minaciter circumferre:to dig a trench around a city, oppidum fossa (vallo fossaque) circumdare.

AROUSE, exsuscitare; expergefacere (e somno): excitare (e somno); suscitare somno or e quiete: all stand (without somno) also improperly for “exciting,” “animating.” || Excite, excitare: con citare (e.g., a man to any thing: also to excite laughter, hatred, envy, compassion, etc.): excire, conciere or concire (in classical prose only = to excite violently to some activity: seldom to produce any passion or evil: e.g., iram, seditionem, terrorem, etc.): movere, commovere aliquem (to stir, move, excite: then also to excite misericordiam, seditionem, bellum, etc.): conflare (to kindle; e.g., alicui invidiam, bellum, etc.).

AROYNT (thee), abi! apage te! abi in malam rem (comic).

ARPENT, huba (in the Middle Ages):ager triginta jugerum.

ARRACK or ARACK, humor ex oryza in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus.

ARRAIGN, Vid. ACCUSE.

ARRAIGNMENT, Vid. ACCUSATION.

ARRANGE, ordinare: in ordinem adducere or redigere: disponere: digerere:in ordinem digerere: componere (to arrange so that the whole may present a pleasing appearance): collocare, constituere (place together; bring into a proper collocation).Sometimes describere (to sketch a plan): explicare (to unravel): dispensare (to weigh out in all its parts; arranging, that no part may come off short). To arrange troops, copias ordinare or disponere: in order of battle, copias or aciem instruere: the order of march, agmen ordinare: books ctr a library, libros or bibliothecam ordinare or disponere; bibliothecamdigerere: hair, capillum componere; crines or capilloa digerere: the folds of a chlamys, collocare chlamy̆dem, ut apte pendeat (Ovidius); componere togam (Horatius): a plan of the campaign, describere totius belli rationem: one’s family affairs, rem familiarem constituere; res suas ordinare; res familiares componere:a person’s affairs, alicujus negotia explicare.To arrange (words) alphabetically, (vocabula) in literas digerere: words in a sentence (with reference to style), verba componere: verba apte collocare. A well-arranged establishment, domus omnibus rebus rinstructa, quæ ad victum cultumque pertinent. || Make a plan or arrangement, præcipere, decernere, constituere.We arranged (to do so and so), inter nos convenit, ut, etc. I arranged with anybody (to do so and so), mihi cum aliquo convenit, ut, , etc.

ARRANGEMENT, ordinatio: dispositio: descriptio: constitutio: institutio. [Vid. TO ARRANGE]. The arrangement of a library, designatio librorum: of words (in a Lexicon), vocabulorum digerendorum ratio: (in a sentence), verborum apta compositio, collocatio; ratio collocandi.|| Order resulting from arrangement: ordo: ratio. Sometimes præceptum: institutum: lex. These arrangements are excellent, hæc optime instituta or instructa sunt. It is a beneficent arrangement of nature’s, that, etc., salubriter a natura institutum est, ut or quod.

ARRANT, To be translated by summus, maximus, with or without omnium:by caput or princeps with genitive: by totus ex aliqua re factus est or constat;versatus est in omni genere alicujus rei.In Plautus, by compounds with the Greek tri (trifur; triscurria). An arrant rogue, trifurcifer (comedy): caput scelerum (Plautus):princeps flagitiorum (Cicero): veterator.

An arrant thief princeps omnium furtorum (Cicero.); versatus in omni genere furandi atque prædandi. Sometimes by a superlative adjective: an arrant fool, stolidissimus, stultissimus.
ARRANTLY, turpiter: fœde: flagitiose:nefarie.

ARRAS, tapes, etis, m. (τάπης: or Latinized, tapetum). Cf. The tapetes of the ancients were of carpet-like texture (mostly shaggy, and with colors or figures interwoven) for covering walls, floors, etc.

ARRAY, s., ordo. || Battle array, acies. To draw up an army in battle array; to set in array, copias or aciem instruere,instituere. || The array (=soldiers drawn up), ordines militum.|| Dress, vestis: vestimenta (plural):vestitus (kind of apparel). || Jurors impanneled, perhaps indices selecti: turba selectorum (chosen, at Rome, from the senators, knights, and tribuni ærarii): juratores (sworn valuers of any thing, Plautus).

ARRAY, v., || arrange, Vid. || Dress,vestiro: convestire: induere sibi vestem or se veste: veste indui: veste se amicire (to wrap one’s self up in a garment: applied, therefore, to upper garments; not to garments drawn on, which is induere:vestire is general): vestiri, amiciri aliqua re (velari aliqua re, poetically): to be arrayed in gold and purple, insignem auro et purpura conspici. The earth is arrayed with flowers, etc., terra floribus, herbis, , etc.: vestitur. || To array a panel, judices seligere.

ARREAR, Vid. BEHIND.

ARREAR, ARREARS, pecuniæ residuæ (old outstanding accounts):reliquum: quod reliquum est: quod reliquum restat, quæ restant or quod restat: pecuniæ reliquæ (the still remaining portion of a debt). To be in arrears, reliquari aliquid (e.g., amplam summam, debitum: ex administratione rei publicæ reliquari: and quibus [summis] reliquatus est. All Jurisconsulti): reliqua habere or debere: with anybody, nondum persolvisse alicui, quod reliquum restat: to exact the arrears, pecunias reliquas or residuas exigere. He is so much in arrears, residere apud aliquem (i.e., such a sum residet apud aliquem, Marcianus, Dig.).

ARREARAGE. Vid. ARREAR.

ARRECT, arrectus: erectus (aures arrigere, Terentius, Vergilius: erigere, Cicero).

ARREST, s., comprehensio. To put under arrest, comprehendere (of the person arresting): in custodiam dare (of the person ordering the arrest). To be kept under arrest, in custodia haberi or seivari; custodia teneri or retineri.

ARREST, v., comprehendere; in custodiam dare [vid. ARREST, s.]: in vincula conjicere: alicui manus injicere (to lay hands upon; e.g., virgini minister decemviri manus injecit, Livius, 3, 44, 6).To arrest one who was flying, e fugâ retrahere aliquem. || Stop, delay: morari: remorari: moram facere alicui rei:moram afferre alicujus or alicui rei:moram et tarditatem afferre alicui rei (cause a delay in any thing): tardare:retardare (to retard the prosecution of anything; e.g., of a journey, of the pursuitof an enemy): tenere: retinere:sustinere (to stop the progress of something: a thief, a carriage, a horse): reprimere (to check forcibly: fugam hostium; redundantem lacum): arcere: cohibere (to hold anything off, so that it may not approach). To arrest anybody, morari, demorari, remorari aliquem (general term for delaying him): detinere, demorari et detinere aliquem (to draw him back, with reference to some object pursued by him): to arrest any body on a journey, retardare aliquem in via; remorari alicujus iter: to arrest anybody’s pursuit of an enemy, tardare aliquem ad insequendumhostem (of a marsh or other obstacle):the progress of a war, moram et tarditatem atferre bello; morari celeritatem belli: the onset of the enemy, tardare or retardare hostium impetum.

ARRIDE, arridere.

ARRIERE, Vid. REAR.

ARRIERE BAN, peribannus (Schirlitz, Mater., p. 153, 4, 1): ad rempublicam defendendam populi universi convocatio (Cicero).

ARRIVAL, adventus: accessus: appulsus (arrival of a ship: with or without litoris). Sudden, unexpected arrival, adventus repeutinus, improvisus or interventus,superventus (witliout any adjective, Tacitus, Hist., 2, 54, 1). To expect anybody’s arrival with eagerness, alicujus adventum non mediocriter captare.

ARRIVE, venire, advenire: adventare:accedere ad locum: pervenire, devenire:attingere, nancisci locum (to succeed in reaching): afferri (to be brought to: of things). To arrive on horseback, equo advehi: in a carriage, curru advehi: in a ship, pervehi in locum, appellere [vid. to LAND]: the ship is arrived, navis appulsa est (not appulit). To have arrived: often adesse. Impr., || reach, assequi, consequi, adipisci (to arrive at an end aimed at; then to reach locum or aliquem): pervenire ad aliquid (arrive at any thing):compotem fieri alicujus rei, potiri aliqua re (obtain any thing desired; e.g., a wish).

ARROGANCE, ARROGANCY, arrogantia (the exacting homage to one’s endowments and privileges): fastus (a presumptuous, contemptuous disposition): superbia (self-sufficiency,
pride, from thinking others beneath one’s self): insolentia (insolence).

ARROGANT, arrogans: insolens: superbus: fastosus (post-Augustan, and very rare). The superbus would outshine others; the arrogans would encroach upon them; the fastosus despises them; the insolens insults them, Döderlein. An arrogant speech, sermo arrogantiæ. To become arrogant, arrogantiam sibi sumere; magnos sibi sumere spiritus.

ARROGANTLY, arroganter; insolenter.

ARROGATE, aliquid vindicare sibi or ad se: aliquid usurpare (appropriate to one’s self unjustly: asserere is unclassical): sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arrogare, tribuere (ascribe to one’s self unjustlyor unreasonably). I don’t arrogate so much to myself, non tantum mihi sumo neque arrogo: to arrogate to one’s self great authority, magnam auctoritatem sibi sumere.

ARROW, sagitta: telum (any missile: but properly one thrown by the hand): to shoot arrows to any mark, etc., sagittas (or tela) conjicere aliquo. Like an arrow (= very swiftly), incredibili celeritate. A cloud of arrows, velut nubes (conjecta) sagittarum; or ingens vis sagittarum.Such a cloud of arrows, tanta vis sagittarum creberrimæ grandinis modo (cf.Livius, 28, 37, 7).

ARROW-HEAD (a plant), sagittaria.

ARROWY, “sharp sleet of arrowy shower” (Milton), ingens vis sagittarum creberrimæ grandinis modo.

ARSENAL, armamentarium: officina armorum (when weapons are also manufactured there): navale, or plural navalia (for ships).

ARSENIC, arsenicum: auripigmentum (orpiment).

ARSIS (in music or metre), sublatio (ἄρσις, opposed to positio, θέσις: in late grammarians also arsis).

ART, (1) human dexterity: (a) as opposed to nature: ars: manus (the human hand): by art, arte, per artem (general term): manu, opere (by human labor).Fortified by art (of a fortress, etc.), manu or opere munitus: (b) opposed to what is merely mechanical: ars (general term, as the theory or set of rules by which the artist works; the skill with which he works, or with which anything is made): artificium (the skill with which any thing is made).The healing art, ars medendi. With art, arte, ex arte (e.g., scribere, canere): scienter (scientifically; e.g., tibiis cantare): to bear upon it the stamp of art, artis signno notatum esse: (2) readiness or dexterity of one particular kind, obtained by practice: (a) generally, ars: scientia alicujus rei (experimental knowledge; e.g., philosophandi; fundendi æris); studium alicujus rei (pursuit of any thing: an art so far as it is actually practiced). The art of painting, ars pingendi: the art of securing everybody’s good-will, ars ad promerendam omnium voluntatem: the art of conversation, of social intercourse, sermocinatrix (scilicet, ars: as translation of the Greek προςομιλητική). || Trick, artifice, ars (τέχνη): artificium (only in Comedy: also techna):|| (b) a particular trade, profession, art, ars: artificium:to study an art, arti alicui studere: to follow or practice an art, artem colore, factitare; in arte versari, so exercere (exercere artem, doubtful, Krebs): to leave off an art, artem desinere: to reduce anything to an art, aliquid ad artem redigere; aliquid in artem vertere. War became an art, disciplina militaris in artis modum venit. The mechanical arts, artes sordidæ: quæstus sordidi. The liberal arts, artes ingenuæ, or liberales, or honestæ, or elegantes. (The words are found in this connection and order), artes elegantes et ingenuæ; studia liberalia: the arts and sciences, artes et disciplinæ; studia et artes: a lover of the fine arts, liberalium artiura studiosus: homo elegans:artium amator: all the liberal arts, omnes bonarum rerum disciplinæ: the arts of war and peace, artes belli et pacis. || MASTER OF ARTS, magister liberalium artium:to take the degree of Master of Arts, ad amplissimum magistri gradum promoveri. Vid. MASTER.

ARTERY, arteria.

APTFUL, callidus: versutus: vafer:astutus: subdolus. (The words are found in this connection and order), callidus et astututus; astutus et callidus; versutus et callidus. [Syn. in CUNNING.] || Wrought by art; not natural; artificiosus [artificialis, Quintilianus: artifex, poetically]: facticius: factus.

ARTFULLY, astute; callide; vafire: subdole.

ARTFULNESS, astutia: vafrities: versutia:calliditas: dolus. || Skill ars:artificium.

ARTHRITIC, arthriticus.

ARTHRITIS, arthritis: morbus articularis or articularius.

ARTICHOKE, carduus: cinara (Cynara Scolymus, Linnæus): cactus (cardoon: Spanish artichoke, Cynara Cardunculus, Linnæus).

ARTICLE, (1) part: pars: caput (head, chapter). Article in a contract,
conditio; caput. Article of a peace, lex; conditio; caput: of faith, caput doctrinae sacræ: in a dictionary, vocabulum, verbum:(2) || species; e.g., of wares, genus.The general term res may often be used; e.g., an article of luxury, res adluxuriam pertinens: this article is much sought after, hujus generis merces cupide expetuntur. || In grammar, articulus.|| Article by article, per partes:per capita. || Articles of war, lex militaris (with reference to what is allowed or permitted in war).

ARTICULAR, articularis (Suetonius, Plinius):articularius (Catullus, Plinius): morbus articularis or articularius (the gout).

ARTICULATE, adj., clarus: planus:explanatus. An articulate voice, vox clara (clear: opposed to obtusa); vox explanabilis(opposed to perturbata. Seneca, de Ira, 1, 3, 5). An articulate utterance, osplanum or explanatum (opposed to os confusum). To be an articulate speaker, explanatæ esse linguæ (after Plinius).

ARTICULATE, v., pronunciare (verba).In Lucretius, Apuleius, Arnobius, articulare verba: [has voces] mobilis articulat verborum dædala lingua, Lucretius, 4, 551: to learn to articulate, primum fari cœpisse (Suetonius, of children): loqui discere (of beasts, etc.): to teach any body to articulate, aliquem verba edocere; aliquem sermoniassuefacere. || To make terms, to treat: de conditionibus tractare or agere (cum aliquo). || To draw up in articles, in capita conferre.

ARTICULATELY, plane (so as to be understood): clare, clara, voce (with loud, clear voice). To speak articulately, plane et articulate eloqui (so that each syllable is heard, Gellius): clare or clara voce dicere:verba esprimere explanareque (Plinius):explanatæ esse linguæ (to be habitually an articulate speaker).

ARTICULATENESS, explanatio verborum (Quintilianus): dilucida pronuntiatio:explanata vox (after Plinius): splendor vocis (clearness of voice).

ARTICUL.ATION, || of words, prolatio (utterance, Livius): [pronuntiatio is the whole delivery = actio.] || Juncture of bones, cominissura (general term for mode of joining together: also of the limbs of the human body): artus: articulus (joint: artus in singular not till poets of Silver Age). (The words are found in this connection and order), commissuræ et artus.

ARTIFICE, ars: artificium (only in Com.: also techna): dolus.

ARTIFICER, artifex (general term, especially of one needing mind and invention in his work): faber (one who works upon hard materials, as stone, ivory, etc.):opifex (a workman needing mechanical skill and industry; the author and producer of any work). A distinguished artificer, artifex operibus suis præcipuus.|| Maker, contriver, auctor: inventor:conditor: effector: molitor: princeps:parens: architects, [SYN. in ARCHITECTL.] (The words are found in this connection and order), parens effectorque; princeps et architectus. The artificer of the world, creator or procreator mundi; effector mundi molitorque.

ARTIFICIAL, artificiosus (made or produced by art: opposed to naturalis: artifex, poetically. Propertius, Persius: artificialis only in Quintilianus): quod habet artem: artis particeps (what testifies to art as concerned in its production: opposed to arte carens):facticius: factus (made; not produced by nature: opposed to naturalis). An artificial address, oratio artis plena: whether this was natural or artificial, sive hoc est naturæ, sive artis: a natural or an artificial memory, memoria naturalis aut artiliciosa.

ARTIFICIALLY, artificiose; arte; manu et arte; affabre (as in affabre factus, Cicero).

ARTILLERY, || large machines for shooting instruments of destruction, tormenta, plural, orum (comprehended in ancient warfare, ballistæ and catapultæ, for shooting stones, etc.).Heavy artillery, tormenta majoris modi:horse artillery, tormenta quæ ab equitibus administrantur. A captain in the artillery, cohortis tormentariæ præfectus.

An artillery wagon, currus tormentarius: a park of artillery, tormenta, orum; apparatus tormentarius. The fire of artillery, ictus tormentarii. || The artillery (as a service, etc.), res tormentaria. ||As a body, cohortes tormentariæ or tormenta only.

ARTILLERY-MAN, tormentarius.

ARTISAN, opifex: faber: artifex [Syn. in ARTIFICER]: sellularius (an artisan whose occupation is of a sedentary kind).|| Artisans, fabri; qui in tabernis sunt; opificum vulgus. A base artisan, opifex vilissimæ mercis.

ARTIST, artifex. [Vid. ARTIFICER.]|| Skilled in art, intelligens; sciens artium.

ARTLESS, || as praise rather than not, simplex: sine affectatione (of persons): apertus (open-hearted: homo, animus, etc.): nullo cultu (without ornament or polish: of things). || As blame rather than not, non artificiosus: inconditus.|| Wanting art, unskillful, artis non peritus: artis ignarus.

ARTLESSLY, sine arte: nullo cultu:ingenue: candide: aperte.

ARUNDINACEOUS, arundineus (arundinaceus, once in Plinius).

AS, (I) || as a particle of comparison:ac, atque (after words denoting equality, similarity, etc.: æque, idem, par, etc.):quam
(if exact equality is not meant, but excess or defect. Thus, if a negative precedes æque, etc., quam must be used, not ac, atque, for the negation destroys the exact equality, Herzog, Cæs., B. G., 2, 6):et, ut, and (after idem) ac, atque, et, qui, seldom cum (as in Sallust and Tacitus).We can not maintain friendship unless we love our friends as ourselves, amicitiam tueri non possumus, nisi æque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus: in what a situation our affairs are, you know as well as I do, quo in loco res nostræ sint, juxta mecum omnes intelligitis: they go away the same men as they came, iidem abeunt, qui venerunt. || After such, so great, so many (talis, tantus, tot), not quam, but qualis, quantus, quot. He is such as he ever was, talis est, qualis semper fuit || In forms of protestation and swearing:”as true as,” ita or sic with the subjunctive followed by ut, with the subjunctive if a wish is to be expressed, the indicative if an assertion is to be made:”as true as I live, I shudder,” etc, ita vivam (or ita deos mihi velim propitios), ut—perhorresco; or (with ita vivam thrown in parenthetically) perhorresco, ita vivam, etc. “As true as I am alive, I should like,” etc., ita vivam (or ita mihi omnia, quæ opto, contingant) ut velim, etc. || As (so) well —AS: et—et; tum—tum; quum—tum (with quum—tum, the clause with quum is the more general, that with turn the more special statement). Sometimes ut—sic; uon minus—quam: [tam—quam in this sense does not belong to the Golden Age.] || Not so—as, non tam—quam. The Romans waged some wars not so successfully as bravely, Romani bella quædam non tam feliciter quam fortiter gesserunt (or Romani bella quædam fortius quam felicius, or magis fortiter quam feliciter gesserunt). Caius is not so prudent as he ts brave. Caius fortior est quam prudentior(which allows him some prudence: magis fortis est quam prudens, or fortis est quam prudens. The form fortior est quam prudentior is that which belongs tothe best age). || As—so: ut—ita or sic, quemadmodum—eodem modo: quemadmodum—sic; velut—sic or ita. || As MUCH AGAIN, alterum tantum: this is as big again as that, hoc altero tanto majus est. || AS MANY AS (= all who), quoteumque: AS MUCH AS, quantumcumque. || As SOON AS: simul et or ac (atque): simul ut: also simul alone: ut: ut primum:quum primum: ubi (when): postquam (after). All these take the perfect indicative in narrative where we should use the pluperfect; but when repeated actions or continued states are described, the principal verb being in the imperfect, the verb with postquam, etc., may be in the pluperfect: [simulac se remiserat—reperiebatur, Nepos] || As (= as if), AS IF: tamquam. I depart from life as from an inn, ex vita discedo, tamquam ex hospitio.(II) As a particle of explanation.|| As if; just as if: tamquam; tamquam si; veluti; haud secus ac si; non aliter quam si (all with subjunctive): the men flocked together as if something of great importance were in hand, tamquam summi momenti res ageretur, ita concurrerunt homines. Sometimes an ablative absolute is used: the enemy pursued as if the victory were already won, hostes insecuti, quasi parta jam victoria. || As if, FORSOOTH; AS IF (ironically): as if, forsooth, I thought this, quasi vero id putem.|| To denote a property: tamquam (expressing equality in point of manner anddegree: “as much as;” “as if”): ut (the relation, “as far as”): loco (in the place of): instar (as good as, of equal value or weight with): nomine (under the name of).I love you as a friend, amo te ut amicum (so far as you are my friend): tamquam amicum (as much as a friend; as much as if you were my friend): to be as a son to anybody, filii loco esse alicui: to be to anybody as a father, alicui parentis numero esse. Sometimes other forms must be used; e.g., we must do as physicians do,medicorum ratio, or consuetudo imitanda est. To carry anything off as so much gain, lucri nomine tollere aliquid. Plato is, in my judgment, as good as all of them together, Plato est mihi instar omnium.

As with a substantive is here often translated by an adverb or by in modum. To behave as a woman, muliebriter se gerere:to act as a slave, serviliter agere: to obey as slaves, in modum servorum parere: to torture a free citizen as a slave, civem servilem in modum cruciare. || AS; AS BEING. Here the property contains also the ground of the preceding statement, and quippe, quippe qui, utpote qui are used. Quippe is often used with something of irony, and before participles or otherattributives only [Democrito, quippe viro erndito, etc.]: quippe or utpote qui mostly takes subjunctive. [Pract. Intr., ii, 814.] They did not trust their own valor, as being men who had been often routed, non—sua virtute confisi sunt, quippe toties fusi fugatique. || As is often untranslated; e.g., with such verbs as to consider or look upon: as, this must be looked upon as the greatest evil, hoc maximum malum existimandum est: he is looked upon as a very just man, justissimus vir habetur. || As is also untranslated when = in the character of, or when I was. He dedicated, as dictator, the Temple of Salus, which he had vowed when consul, ædem Salutis, quam consul voverat, dictator dedicavit. || As, for instance: ut: velut; veluti Animals which are bom on land; as, for instance, crocodiles, bestiæ quæ gignuntur in terra, veluti crocodili: even the gods waged wars; as, for instance, with the giants, dii qaoque bella gesserunt, ut cum sigantibus.Somaimes vel is used in this sense:raras tuas quidem sed suaves accipio literas: vel (as, for instance) quas proxime accepi, quam prudentes, etc. [Pract. Intr., ii, 542.](III) As a panicle of time. || As = when: quum: ut: ubi. [Ubi marks a point in time from which something began: at, an event which was succeeded by another: quum, the coincidence of two facts, so that either both happen at the same point of time, or a momentaneous action introducedby “as” either happens while another is still going on, or is immediately consequent to it. Vid. Excurs., ii., to Grotefend’s Materials.] Ut and ubi take the indicative (when no other reason
requires the subjunctive), mostly the perfect: quum also takes indicative of present and perfect (and also with the imperfect and pluperfect of repeated actions= as often as); but in simple narrative has the subjunctive of imperfect and pluperfect. Very often the verb with “as” is translated by a participle, which will be in ablative absolute when the two propositions have not the same subject.|| AS OFTEN AS: quoties: quum with indicative, even of imperfect and pluparfect.[Quum quæpiam cohors ex orbe excesserat, hostes velocissime refugiebant, Cæsar.] || As long as: tam diu —quam or quam diu: usque adeo— quoad: as relat. quamdiu (e.g., tenuit se uno loco quamdiu fuit hiems): quoad (all the time until; as long as). || As = while, dum, or by participle of present.|| As soon as. Vid. As (1).(IV) As a causal particle = since; inasmuch as: quoniam (indicative):quum (subjunctive): quando; quaudoquidem (indicative). Vid. SINCE.(V) AS TO; AS CONCERNING; AS TOUCHING, etc.: quod attinet ad: quod: sometimes de: ad. As to the book, which your son gave you, quod ad librum attinet, quem tibi filius dabat. As to retaining our liberty, I agree with you, de liliertate retinenda tibi assentior. As to (or, as far) Pomponia, I would have you write, if you think good, quod ad Pomipeniam, si tibi videtur, scribas velim. As to my Tullia, I agree with you, de Tullia mea tibi assentior. As to your praying that, etc., (nam) quod precatus es, ut, etc.|| AS TO, before infinitive after “so,” “such,” ut: after a negative or interrogative sentence, ut, or more commonly qui (with subjunctive). No man is so senseless as to believe this, nemo tam delirius est, ut (or qui) hæc credat [quis potest tam aversus a vero esse—qui neget, etc.].

As NOT TO, quin. No food is so hard as not to be digested, etc., nullus cibus tam gravis est, quin is—concoquatur.(VI) || Miscellaneous Phrases with AS. Be it as it may, utcumque res est or erit. As was likely; as was sure to happen: id, quod necesse erat accidere.

As people say, ut dicunt, ferunt, or aiunt: ut dicitur, traditur. or fertur. As QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, quam celerrime:

AS SHORTLY AS POSSIBLE, quam brevissime: as far as I can, quoad ejus facere possum: as far as possible, as far as can be done, quoad ejus fieri potest. As IT were (softening a strong word, etc.), quasi. As far as appearance goes, ad speciem [e.g., forum adornatum ad speciemmagnifico oruatu, Cicero.].

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As far as I know, quod sciam. As far as I can with a good conscience, quod salva fide or salvo officio possim. But with quantum such limitations are in the indicative [quantum intelligo].