en_la_02

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AIM, s. (A) Properly, Scopus (Suetonius, Dom. 19, s. l. v., the mark at which one aims) To miss one’s aim, *scopum non ferire: ictus alicujus deerrat (Plinius, 28, 3, 16).
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(B) Figuratively, propositum: is, qui mihi est or fuit propositus, exitus: finis (end at which one aimed). Cicero uses the Greek, σκοπός: so Macrobius, ipsum propositum, quem Græci σκοπòν vocant. To propose to one’s self an aim, finem sibi proponere: to miss one’s aim, a proposito aberrare; propositum non consequi. To have a single aim, *ad eadem semper contendere. To propose to one’s self high or ambitious aims, magna spectare. To arrive at, attain to, etc., an aim, propositum consequi; eo, quo volo, pervenio; quæ volumus, perficere. What is the aim of all this f quorsum hæc spectant ?

AIM, v. (A) Properly, telum (sagittam, etc.) collineare aliquo: telum dirigere, or intendere in aliquem or aliquid: petere aliquem or aliquid (more generally, to try to hit). Observe, collineare is also, to aim truly (Cicero, De Div., 2, 59, init.). They did not wound the heads only of their enemies, hut whatever part of the face they aimed at, non capita solum hostium vulnerabant, sed quem locum destinassent oris (Livius):to aim at a particular mark, destinatum petere (Livius). (B) Figuratively. To have for one’s object, spectare aliquid or ad aliquid: moliri aliquid (of great things): petere aliquem (of aiming a blow at a person): velle aliquid (to wish to obtain it):rationem referre ad aliquid (to act with reference to an object): in animo habere aliquid: sequi aliquid: (animo) aliquid intendere: consilium aliquod sibi proponere.Of aiming at a person in a speech, by an insinuation, etc., designare, denotare aliquem. || To guess, Vid.

AIR, s., aër (air as an element: as distinguished from æther, it is the denser air from the earth to the region of the moon):æther (the purer air of the upper regions of the sky : say from the moon to the stars : the heaven): anima (the air as an element ; vital air : mostly poetical, but used four times by Cicero; e.g., inter ignem et terram aquam Deus animamque posuit, Univ., 2): aura (gently waving and fanning air): spiritus (the power that sets masses of air in motion: breath-like current of air: the cause of aura and ventus: semper aer spiritu aliquo movetur):cœlum (the whole atmosphere, comprehending both aer and æther; but sometimes used for the one, sometimes for the other, Voss., ad Vergilius, Ecl., 4, 52).

A salubrious air, cœlum salubre: cœli salubritas:aër salubris: cool air, aër refrigeratus: cold air, aër frigidus. The density of the air, aëris crassitude. The air ascends in consequence of its lightness, aër fertur levitate sublime. To mount into the air, sublime (seldom in sublime) ferri, efferri ; or (of living things) sublimem abire. To fly through the air, per sublime volare. To expose anything to the air, aliquid aëri exponere: to let in the air, aërem immittere, or (if by cutting away) cœlum aperire alicui rei: to protect any thing from every breath of air, ab afflatu omni protegere aliquid : curare ne aër aliquid tangere possit: to deprive it of every breath of air, alicui rei omnem spiritum adimere. To breathe air, animam or spiritum ducere:epirare: to live on air, vento vivere ( = live on nothing ; late). To sleep in the open air, sub divo cubare. Paov., to build castles in the air, somnia sibi fingere (vid. Lucretius, 1, 104): to speak to the air, verba dare in ventos (Ovidius, Am., 1, 6, 42):verba ventis loqui (Ammianus): verba ventis profundere (Lucretius): in pertusum dolium dicta ingerere (Plautus): surdo or surdis auribus canere (Vergilius): frustra surdas aures fatigare (Curtius). To take the air = walk, Vid.: to lake the air in a carriage, on horseback, carpento or equo gestari, vectari: to take air ( = to get abroad ; of secrets, etc), emanare (to leak out), etc. Vid. ABROAD. || Mien, manner, look, vultus ( the proper word, the countenance; the character as indicated by the motion of the eye, the serene or clouded brow, etc.): os (the habitual expression of the eye and mouth): aspectus, visus (look): species: forma: facies (these five, of living or lifeless things: forma aiso, beautiful appearance).

A dignified air, ad dignitatem apposita forma et species.To hare a noble air, esse dignitate honesta: an imposing, commanding, majestic air, forma esse imperatoria or augusta:an air of health, bona corporis habitudine esse; *corporis sanitatem præ se ferre:an air of kindness, esse humano visu: an effeminate air, mollem esse in gestu: an air of probability, verisimile videri; simile vero videri. He has an air of being, etc., videtur, with nominative and infinitive. To give any thing an air of, alicui rei speciem addere or præbere. || Airs, plural, jactatio (foolish boastfulness): gloriatio (insolent boastfulness). To give one’s self airs, se jactare (to boast foolishly: intolerantius); arrogantiam sibi sumere: se ostentare (to do it for the purpose of concealing real insignificance). (The words are found in this connection and order.), se niagnifice jactare atque ostentare. If the gait is alluded to, magnitice incedere. || An air, as a musical term,* canticum, quod Italis Aria vocatur: modi, moduli: also, cantus.

AIR, v., aëri exponere (to expose to the air): aërem in aliquid iramittere (to let the air into any tiling ; hence to air an inclosed space). To air a room, cubiculi fenestras patefacere, sic ut perflatus aliquis accedat (after Celsus, 3, 19):perflatum in cubiculum totis admittere fenestris (after Ovidius, A. A., 3, 807, and Plinius, 17, 19, 31). || To dry, siccare, exsiccare. || To air one’s self. Vid, to take the air, under AIR.

AIR-BALLOON, * machina aérobatica.

AIR-BATH, To take an air-bath, *corpus nudum aëri exponere.

AIR-BLADDER, vesica (general term for bladder): *vesica super quam nant (for swimming with : after Curtius, 8, 8, 6):bulla (bubble in the water).

AIR-GUN, *telum pneumaticum (technical term).

AIR-HOLE, spiramentum: spiraculum: lumen (any opening through which light and air can penetrate).

AIRING, To take an airing, equo, carpento vectari, gestari.

AIRLESS, aëre vacuus.

AIR-PUMP,*antlia pneumatica (technical term).

AIR-SHAFT, æstuarium (Plinius, 31, 3, 28, æstuarium quæ gravem illum halitum recipiant).

AIR-SHIP, *navigium per aërem vehens.

AIRY, Properly, (1) || Consisting of air, aërius (of our denser air): ætherius (of the purer air of the upper sky): spirabiiis: flabilis (breathable); hence, Improperly, || As thin as air, tenuissimus (very thin), levissimus (very light: both of clothes, etc). To be clad in “thin and airy habits” (Dryd.), levissime vestitum esse.

A most airy habit, ventus textilis (Publius Syrus, in Petron., Sat., 55): nebula linea (ibid.: if of linen). || As light as air, levis, levissimus (of men and things).

Airy notions, opinionum commenta. (2) || Existing in the air, aërius (in our denser air): ætherius (in the upper, purer air). (3) || Exposed or pervious to the air, aëri expositus (placed in the air): perflabilis, aëri pervius (through which the air can blow: the latter after Tacitus, Ann., 15, 43, 3):quo spiritus pervenit:quod pertlatum venti recipit (to which the air has access): frigidus (in a wide sense, cool). || Gay, sprightly, hilaris, hilarus (either at the moment or habitually): alacer gaudio (at the moment).

AISLE, ala (of a side aisle): spatium medium (the nave). No term for our middle aisle; the barbarism of leaving only a pathway between pews being a modern invention.

AIT (or EYGHT), *insula in fiumine sita: or insula only.

AKIN, Properly, propinquus (general term): agnatus (by tlie father’s side):cognatus (by the mother’s side): consanguineus: consanguinitate propinquus (by blood: especially of full brothers and sisters).Observe. These may be used substantively, as propinquus meus, etc. To be akin to anybody, alicui propinquum esse:alicui or cum aliquo propinquitate con junctum esse: consanguinitate alicui propinquum esse: sanguinis vinculo alicui or cum aliquo conjunctum esse (by blood).To be near akin, arcta propinquitate alicui or cum aliquo conjunctum esse: propinqua cognatione alicui or cum aliquo conjunctum esse (if by the mother’s side).Improperly, || propinquus (alicui or alicui rei): finitimus, vicinus (alicui or alicui rei). (The words are found in this connection and order), propinquus et finitimus; vicinus et finitimus. The poet is near akin to the orator, oratori finitimus est poeta.

All the arts and sciences are akin to one another, omnes artes quasi cognatione aliqua inter se continentur.

ALABASTER, alabastrites.

An alabaster box, alabaster: alabastrum.

ALACK, eheu ! pro dolor ! væ mihi !proh dii immortales ! deos immortales !pro deum fidem !

ALAMODE, To be alamode, in more esse: moris esse (of customs).

An article quite alamode, merx delicata (Seneca, Benef, 6, 38, 3). Vid. FASHONABLE.

ALARM, s., ad arma ! (call to arms).To give or sound an alarm, conclamare ad arma. Improperly, disturbance: turba (noise, confusion, wild disorder): tumultus, tumultuatio (noisy uproar, whether of an excited multitude or of an individual:then, like trepidatio, the fear, etc., caused by it), strepitus (roaring, bawling noise). (The words are found in this connection and order.), strepitus et tumultus. A false alarm, tumultus vanus. To raise an alarm about nothing, excitare fluctus in simpulo (proverbially, Cicero, De Legg., 3, 16, 36). To make an alarm, tumultuari: tumultum facere : strepere. To give an alarm of anything, clamare, proclamare, clamitare aliquid: of fire, ignem or incendium conclamare (Seneca, De Ir., 3, 43, 3). To be in alarm, trepidare. There is terror and alarm every where, omnia terrore ac tumultu strepunt (Livius). The whole house is in alarm and confusion, miscetur domus tumultu (Vergilius, Æn., 2, 486). || Fear, Vid.

ALARM, v., Properly, to call to arms, conclamare, ad arma! || Disturb, turbare, conturbare: perturbare: miscero, commiscere: confundere: concitare.
|| Disturb with apprehension, commovere; sollicitare; sollicitum facere:turbare, conturbare, perturbare. This alarms me, hoc male me habet; hoc me commovet, pungit: alarms me exceedingly, est aliquid mihi maximo terrori.

ALARM-BELL, *campana incendii index (for fire):*campana incursionis hostium index (for invasion).

ALARM-POST, *locus quo milites ad arma conclamati conveniunt.

ALARMING, To send a very alarming report, pertumultuose nunciare.

ALARUM, *suscitabulum. || Alarm, Vid.

ALAS! oh! (expressing emotion): pro!or proh ! (expressing complaint; also astonisliment):eheu! heu! (expresses pain or complaint): væ! (expressing sorrow, displeasure, etc.): væ mihi!  væ mihi misero! proh dolor! me miserum!

Alas!for Heaven’s sake, proh dii immortales!deos immortales! pro deum fidem!

Alas!so are we degenerated! tantum, proh! degeneravimus.

Alas! shall I ever…? en umquam … ? (in questions implying a vehement desire).

ALAS-A-DAY!

ALAS-THE-DAY,Vid. ALAS !

ALB, *alba (scilicet, vestis : ut diaconus…alba induatur. Concilium Carthagenense, iv., 41).

ALBEIT, Vid. ALTHOUGH.

ALBUGO, albugo: oculi albugo (Plinius).

ALCAID, || judge of a city, *judex urbanus.|| Governor of a town or castle, præfectus urbis, oppidi, castelli.

ALCHEMIST, *alchymista.

ALCHEMY, *alchymia.

ALCOHOL, *spiritus vini.

ALCORAN, *Coranus. ALCOVE, zotheca (cabinet, for sleeping in by day, Plinius): diminutive, zothecula.

ALCYON, alcedo (poetical alcyon):(*Ale do ispida, Linnæus).

ALDER, alnus.

ALDERLIEVEST (Shakespeare, the German, allerliebst), dilectissimus: unice dilectus.

ALDERMAN, decurio (according to Roman usage): perhaps *magistratus municipalis.

ALDERN, alneus.

ALE, cerevisia (a drink of the ancients brewed from corn. To describe the German beer, Tacitus uses circumlocution: humor ex hordeo aut frumento in quandam similitudinem vini corruptus, Germ., 23, 1):zythum (ζῦθος, Plinius, Pandectae). To brewale, *cerevisiam coquere.

A bottle of ale, *lagena cerevisiæ.

A barrel of ale, *dolium cerevisiæ.

A glass of ale, *vitrum cerevisiæ.

A jug of ale, *canthara cerevisiæ.

ALE-BREWER, *cerevisiæ coctor.

ALE-CELLAR, *cella cerevisaria.

ALE-HOUSE, caupona (general term for public house). To keep an ale-house, cauponam exercere: * cerevisiam divendere.

ALE-HOUSE-KEEPER, caupo.

ALE-KNIGHT, potator: acer potor.

ALEMBIC, *alembicum. ALERT, alacer (energetically active and in high spirits): vegetus (awake; alive both in body and mind): vividus, vigens (full of life and energy): promptus (ready, always prepared). (The words are found in this connection and order),  alacer et promptus: acer et vigens. To be on the alert, vigliare, cavere, ne, etc. || Pert, smart: procax (boisterously forward from assurance and impudence): protervus (impetuously, recklessly, insolently forward): lascivus (full of fun and high spirits).

ALERTLY, alacri animo (alacriter, late, Ammianus): acriter (with fire and energy):bilare (cheerfully, gladly).

ALERTNESS, alacritas (energetic vivacity, evincing spirit and activity): vigor (vigorous activity): hilaritas (mirthful, joyous activity).

ALEXANDRINE, * versus Alexandrinus.

ALEXIPHARMIC, alexipharmacon (only Plinius, 21, 20, 84).

ALGEBRA, *algebra.

ALGEBRAIC,

ALGEBRAICAL,algebraicus.

ALGID, algidus.

ALGIDITY, algor.

ALGIFIC, algificus (Gellius).

ALGOR, algor.

ALIAS, sive, seu: vel.

ALIEN, || Foreign, Properly, Vid. ALIEN, s. || Foreign to, alienus (not relating or belonging to me: opposed to meus or amicus): from anything, alicui rei, aliqua re, ab aliqua re: from anybody, alicui, ab aliquo. To be alien from, alienum esse, abhorrere a, etc. ALIEN, s., alienigena (born in a foreign country: opposed to patrius, indigena): advena (one who has come into the country from the country of his birth: opposed to indigena: but the proper opposite to advenæ is aborigines, αὐτοχθόνες, the original inhabitants): peregrinus ( one travelling or sojourning in a country, and therefore not possessing the rights of citizenship: the political name of a foreigner: opposed to civis): hospes (opposed to popularis: foreigner, but, as such, claiming from us the rights of hospitality). Observe, exterus and externus denote a foreigner, whether now in his own land or not: externus being a geographical, exterus mostly a political term: extraneus means what is without us:opposed to relatives, family, native country:extrarius, opposed to one’s self.

All these, except hospes, are used adjectively. (The words are found in this connection and order), externus et advena (e.g., rex); alienigena et externus; peregrinus et externus; peregrinus atque advena; peregrinus atque hospes.

ALIEN, v. Vid. ALIENATE.

ALIENABLE, *quæ alienari possunt.

ALIENATE. || Part with to another possessor, alienare, abalienare:vendere. (The words are found in this connection and order), vendere et alienare; vendere et abalienare: a part of anything, deminuere de aliqua re. To be alienated, alienari: venire atque a vobis alienari; or venire atque in perpetuutn a vobis alienari. || Estrange, alienare aliquem (a se : sibi, Velleius Paterculus, 2, 112); alicujusvoluntatem, animum alienare (a se, or absolutely, Cæsar, B. G, 7, 10): abducere, abstrahere, subducere aliquem ab aliquo (of things). To be alienated, alienari, voluntate alienari:desciscere ab aliquo: deserere aliquem.

ALIENATE, adj., ab aliqua aversus, alienatus, alienus: alicui or in aliquem malevolus (wishing him ill): alicui inimicus.To be alienated from anybody, ab aliquo animo esse alieno or averso. ALIENATION, || act of parting with property: alienatio, abalienatio (the proper word): venditio (sale).

Alienation of part of a property, deminutio de aliqua re. || Estrangement, alienatio:from anybody, ab aliquo (also, ab aliquo ad aliquem). (The words are found in this connection and order), alienatio disjunctioque:disjunctio animorum (with reference to both parties): defectio (desertion: of alienation from a public character ; from a man’s party): dissidium (dissension, and consequent keeping aloof).

ALIGHT, descendere: from one’s horse, ex equo: to alight hastily, desilire ex equo [vid. DISMOUNT]: from one’s carriage, ex or de rheda descendere. || Of a bird, devoIare (to fly down: in aliquem locum; from de): to alight there, devolare illuc: in terram decidere (Ovidius). || To alight at anybody’s house (as a guest), devertere ad aliquem; devertere ad aliquem in hospitium. || Fall upon, decidere (in aliquid; e.g., imber in terram): ferire (strike).

ALIKE, pariter (in an equal degree, ̕ίσα ): æque (in an equal manner). We do not all want anything alike, aliqua re non omnes pariter or æque egemus (Cicero):eodem modo (in the same manner): juxta (without any distinction: not in Cicero, Cæsar or Nepos: common in Livius and Sallustius). Good and bad alike, juxta boni et mali; juxta boni malique, Sallustius (So: juxta obsidentes obsessosque, Livius; hiemem et æstatem juxta pati, Sallustius; plebi patribusque juxta carus, Sallustius, etc.): tamquam (as well as).This is the only cause in which all think alike, hæc sola est causa, in qua omnessentirent unum atque idem, Cicero (Suetonius, idemque et unum sentire). || Used adjectively, similis, consimilis, assimilis:geminus (exactly alike). (The words are found in this connection and order), similis et geminus: exactly alike, geminus et simillimus (in anything, aliqua re): simillimus et maxime geminus: to be alike, similes esse (in face, facie): to make things alike, *hanc rem ad similitudinem illius lingere: fingere, assimilare banc rem in speciem illius, Tacitus. Vid. LIKE.

ALIMENT, alimentum: cibus: nutrimentum: pabulum: pastus: victus. SYN. in FOOD.

ALIMENTAL, in quo multum alimenti est: magni cibi (e.g., casei): magni cibi (opposed to minimi cibi): valens, tirmus, valentis or firmæ materiæ (opposed to imbecillus, infirmus, imbecillæ or infirmæ materiæ, Celsus). Observe, alibilis only Varro:nutribilis very late.

ALIMENTARY, alimentarius (Cælius in Cicero, Fam., 8, 6). || Nutritious. Vid. ALIMENTAL.

ALIMONY, alimonium (but not as a technical term for the allowancefor a wife’s support): perhaps *in alimonium quod satis sit (afterward in fœnus Pompeii quod satis sit, Cicero, Att., 6, 1 : alimonium. post-classical, Suetonius, Calig., 42: “collationes in alimonium atque dotem puellæ recepit”).

ALIVE, vivus, vivens (opposed to mortuus; vivus denoting existence only: vivens, the manner of existence): spirans (still breathing): salvus (safe). To bum anybody alite, aliquem vivum comburere: to make alive again, a morte ad vitam revocare;
ab inferis excitare; ab Orco reducem in lucem facere: to escape alive, vivum effugere; salvum, incolumem evadere: while I am alive, dum vivo: me vivo: in mea vita: to be alive, vivere, in vita esse: vitam habere: vita or hac luce frui: to find anybody alive, aliquem vivum reperire: still alive, aliquem adhuc spirantem reperire. || Figuratively, vividus: vegetus:acer : alacer, etc. || To keep anything alive (figuratively), e.g., affection, nutrire, alere: alere atque augerc (e.g., desiderium, opposed to exstinguere). || As used with superlatives; e.g.,”the wisest man alive,” longe, multo, omnium —multo. The handsomest man alive, omnium hujus ætatis multo formosissimus.|| As used with negatives; e.g., “no man alive:” by ætatis suæ (of a past time); ætatis hujus, eorum, qui nunc or hodie sunt (of a present time).

ALKALINE, *alcalinus (technical term, e.g.,* sal alcalinus.)

ALL, omnis (every, all: plural omnes, all, without exception: opposed to nulli, pauci, aliquot, etc.): cuncti (all collectively, considered as really united: opposed to dispersi, sejuncti. Hence in the singular it is used only with collective nouns; e.g., senatos cunctus): universus, universi (all, as united in our conception: opposed to singuli, unusquisque. It excludet exceptions like omnes, but with more reference to the whole than to the separate units that compose it). Observe, omnis Italia, geographically:Italia cuncta, figuratively = all the inhabitants of Italy. All, is also expressed strongly by two negatives, nemo non, nullus non, nemo with quin; e.g., all see it, nemo non videt: all did it, nemo est, quin fecerit. || All = each, quisquis: quisque (each one, the predicate being asserted of each and all alike): quivis (any one, without selection, but one only): unusquisque (each single one). Thus; in all places, quoque loco. I had rather suffer all manner of evils, quidvis malo pati. || When ALL stands with an adjective to denote a whole class, the Romans generally made each individual prominent by the use of the superlative with quisque: all the best men, optimus quisque. || ALL = whoever, whatever, quicumque: all, who were engaged, will know, quicumque prœlio interfuit; sciet: sometimes quod (with est or habeo) with the genitive.

All the time I can spare from my forensic labors, quod mihi de forensi labore temporis datur: I sent to the Prætors to bring you all the soldiers. they had, ad Prætores misi, ut, militum quod haberent, ad vos deducerent.|| ALL = any, after without (e.g., “without all doubt”), ullus (for which the comic writers and Ovidius sometimes use omnis).If a negative precedes, aliquis or omnis.|| All in all, or ALL used substantively, may be translated in various ways; e.g., his son is all in all to him, filius alicui unus omnia est; filium fert or gestat in oculis:he has lost all, eversus est fortunis omnibus.|| AT ALL, omnino: prorsus: after negatives, nihil (the negative being untranslated): never at all, omnino nunquam: nothing at all, omnino nihil: nowhere at all, omnino nusquam: hardly, if at all, vix, aut omnino non: not much, if at all, non multum, aut nihil omnino.|| At all times, omni tempore: semper. || With CAN, COULD.

All I can, quantum possum or (if relating to the future) potero.I would strive all that ever I could, quantum maxime possem contenderem.

All that in me lies, or is in my power, quantum in me erit (relating to the future).He did all he could to overthrow the state, rempublicam, quantum in ipso fiut. evertit:to labor all I can, quantumcumque possim, laborare. || TO BE ALL ONE. It is all one to me, nihil mea interest or refert (it is all one to Caius. nihil Caii interest or refert): aliquid negligo, non or nihil curo; aliquid mihi non curæ est: it is all one to him what people think of him, negligit, non or nihil curat, quid de se quisque sentiat. || FOR ALL (1)=although, Vid.: (2) in spite of, adversus: he is a fool for all his age and gray hairs, stoltus est adversus ætatem et capitis canitiem. Some times by in with the ablative (e.g., noscita bantur tamen in tanta deformitate, for all their pitiable appearance): for all that, tamen; nihlio secius; nihilo minus.|| While — all the while (as used to point out the coexistence of two states, etc., that should not coexist): quum interea or quum only; e.g., bellum subito exarsit — quum Ligarius, domum spectans, nullo se negotio implicari passus est (“while Lig. all the while,” , etc.). || ALL ALONG,semper (always): continenter (uninterruptedly; incessantly). || ALL AND EACH,omnes ac singuli; singuli universique.|| ALL, WITHOUT EXCEPTION, omnes ad unum, or (less commonly) ad unum omnes (here unum is neuter, but now and then agrees with the substantive: as, naves onerariæ omnes ad unam sunt exceptæ, Cicero, Lentul, in Cicero. Ep., 12, 14, 2). || NOT AT ALL (in answers), non: minime vero:minime…. quidem: also imo: imo vero:imo enim vero: imo potius (with an assertion of the opposite of that which the question implies). Instead of non only, non with the verb of the question is mostly used: non irata es? not at all! non sum irata! don’t yoxi believe this? an tu hæc non credis? not at all! minime vero!num igitur peccamus? not at all! minime vos quidem! siccine hunc decipis? not at all; it is he who is deceiving me, imo enim vero hic me decipit. No; not so at all! non ita est. It is not so — not at all! non est ita! — non est profecto. || ALL THE BETTER, tanto melior! (a conversational form of approbation or encouragement, Plautus: omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum: tanto melior! Vid. Freund’s Lex., tanto). || Additional PHRASES.

All
or nothing, nihil nisi totum: all and each, omnes singuli: all without exception who, omnes quicumque: before all things, omnium primum, ante omnia; also, imprimis: against all expect.ation, præter opinionem: ex inopinato: all on a sudden, improviso: repente (Syn. in UNEXPECTEDLY): against all chances, ad omnes casus: all mankind, universum genus hominum ; universitas generis humani: now you know it all, rem omnem habes ; habes consilia mea (of a person’s views): is that all ? tantumne est? it is all over, actum est (de …): to be all in all to anybody, omnia esse alicui: with all one’s might, omnibus viribus or nervis, etc. (vid. MIGHT): in all possible ways, (omni ratione; e.g., to plunder anybody, exinanire). He is all deceit, totus ex fraude constat. It all depends on (anything being, etc.), totum in eo est, ut (if on anything not being done, ne. Vid. Cicero, Quintilian. Fratr., 3, 1): it is agreed on all hands, constat inter omnes or omnibus (Cæsar, B. G., 4, 29, end): to be all for himself, suo privato compendio, privatæ (domesticæ) utilitati servire; ad suum fructum, ad suam utilitatem referra omnia; id potius intueri, quod sibi, quam quod universis utile sit; nihil alteriua causa, et metiri suis commodis omnia. Men are all for themselves, omnes sibi esse melius, quam alteri malunt.

ALL-KNOWING, cujus notitiam nulla res effugit:*qui eventura novit omnia, ac velut præsentia contemplatur.

ALL-POWERFUL, Vid. ALMIGHTY.

ALL-SEEING, *qui omnia videt, contuetur.

ALL-WISE, * cujus absoluta est et perfectissima sapientia:* perfocte planeque sapiens.

ALLAY, v., lenire (the proper word; e.g., a disorder, pain, hate, wrath, sorrow, etc.): mitigare, mitiorem facere (e.g., pain, a fever, melancholy, etc.): levare (to lighten: also elevare ægritudinem, sollicitudinem, etc.). To allay thirst, sitim reprimere, sedara; sitim re-, ex-stinguere, depellere (of entirely quenching it).

ALLAY, s., Properly, no Latin word to denote it as thing. Vid. ADULTERATION.Improperly, mitigatio: levatio: allevatio (alleviation): mixtio, permixtio (mixing; as action and thing): mixtura (mixture; as manner and thing): adulteratio (adulteration): dopravatio (deterioration produced by the admixture of something).

ALLAYMENT, levamen, levamentum, allevamentum (alicujus rei): medicina (alicujus rei).

ALLEGATION, sententia (opinion): indicium, signilicatio (declaration of a witness): testimonium (allegations of a witness): of witnesses, authorities, etc., prolatio: commemoratio: affirmatio (assertion of a fact). || Plea, excuse, excusatio: causa (reason alleged).

ALLEGE, || affirm, affirmare (to maintain as certain, affirm): assevarare (to affirm strongly). Observe, asserere is unclassical. || To bring forward evidence, etc., afferre testimonium: a passage, locum afferre: a reason, rationem, causam afferre: to allege anything as an excuse, excusare aliquid.

ALLEGEMENT, Vid. ALLEGATION.

ALLEGER, circumlocution by verbs [commemorator, Tertullianus].

ALLEGIANCE, obedientia: fidelitas:fides. To retain anybody in his allegiance, aliquem in officio retinere: aliquem in ditione atque servitute tenere (if the subject of a despotic monarch orgovernment): to swear allegiance to, in verba alicujus or in nomen alicujus jurara (to take an oath offidelity: of citizens, magistrates, soldiers, etc.): κυρικιμασαηικο in obsequium alicujus jurara (to swear obedience: of persons holding places of high trust; e.g., commanders-in-chief, Justinus, 13, 2, 14): aliquem venerantes regem consalutare (to salute or acknowledge as king: of Eastern nations, Tacitus).

ALLEGORICAL, allegoricus (late: Arnobius, Tertullianus).

ALLEGORICALLY, per translationem: allegorice (late): operte atque symbolice (Gellius).

ALLEGORIZE, * continua translatione uti: (allagorizare very late: Tertullianus, Hieronymus): aliud verbis, aliud sensu ostendere (Quintilianus’ definition of allegory).

ALLEGORY, allegoria (Quintilianus, Latin and Greek: in 8, 6, 44, he explains it by inversio): genus hoc Græci appellant ἀλληγορίαν, (Cicero): continusæ Cicero), continuatæ (Quintilianus), translationea (“quum fluxerunt continuæ plures translationes,” Cicero): continuus translationis usus (after Quintilianus, 8, 14).

ALLEGRO, * cantus, or modus incitatior.

ALLEVIATE, lenire (to soften; to make less painful or disagreeable; e.g., dolores, miseriam, ægritudinem): mitigare (to make milder: iram, tristitiam, severitatem, dolorem, labores, febrem, etc.):mollire (to soften: iram, impetum): levare, allevara (to lighten; partially remove: lavare luctum, metum, molestias, curam: also levare aliquem luctu, Livius: allevare sollicitudines, onus): sublevare (pericula, offensionem, res adversas):laxare (to lessen the tightness of anything
that compresses: laborem, Livius): expedire: explicare (to render the performance of anything easier): temperare (to temper by an admixture of an opposite feeling; e.g., hilaritatis or tristititæ modum, Cicero).To alleviate anybody’s labor, partem laboris alicui minuere: to alleviate in some degree, aliqua ex parte allevare.

ALLEVIATION, levatio: allevatio, mitigatio (as act or thing: alleviation administered): levamen, levamentum, allevamentum (as thing: alleviation received): laxamentum (some remission that falls to one’s lot): delenimentum (not Cicero or Cæsar): medicina alicujus rei (remedy for it): fomentum (a soothing application: fomenta dolorum, Cicero). To cause or bring with it some alleviation, habere levationem alicujus rei (e.g., ægritudinum): levationi or levamento esse: to find or seek for some alleviation, levationem invenire alicui rei (e.g., doloribus).

ALLEY, ambulatio (for the purpose of walking up and down): gestatio (a place planted with trees for driving round for exercise): xystus (explained by Vitruvius to be hypæthra ambulatio; a walk with trees or clipped hedges on each side, and generally adorned with statues). || Lane in a town: angiportus, ua (also angiportum).

ALLIANCE, fœdus (treaty, alliance):societas (state of being allied). (The words are found in this connection and order), societas et fœdus; amicitia societasque. To make or form an alliance with anybody, fœdus cum aliquo facere, icere, ferire, percutere; fœdus jungere or iniro cum aliquo; fœdere jungi alicui; societatem cum aliquo facere; aliquem sibi societate et fœdara adjungere. To be in alliance with anybody, mihi cum aliquo ictum eat fœdus. To observe the terms of an alliance: to be true to an alliance, fœdus servare, fœdere stare; in fida manere (opposed to breaking its terms; fœdus negligere, violare, rumpere, frangera). Improperly, || close connection in private life, conjunctio: societas. (The words are found in this connection and order), conjunctio et societas: necessitudo (the mutual relation in which friends, colleagues, patron and client stand together): copulatio (rare, Cicero, De Fin, 1, 20, 69): conjunctio affinitatis, afflnitatis vinculum (by marriage): communio sanguinis, consanguinitas, consanguinitatis or sanguinis vinculum (of relationship).The alliance of friendship, conjunctio et familiaritas. To form an alliance with anybody, societatem cum aliquo inire, coira, facere: to break it off, dirimere.

A very close, the closest possible alliance, colligatio arctissima societatis (after Cicero, De Off., 1, 17, 53). To form a closer alliance with anybody, arctiora necessitudinis vincula cum aliquo contrahere.|| = marriage: to form an alliance with anybody, affinitatem cum aliquo jungere; cum aliquo affinitate sese conjungere or devincire: to form an alliance with such a family, filiam or virginem ex domo aliqua in matrimonium petere (of the man : afterward, Livius, 4, 4, mid.): nubere or innubere in alicujus familiam or domum (of the female). To form a matrimonial alliance (i. e., with the person married), matrimonio jungi or conjungi ; nuptiis inter se jungi. Vid. MARRY.

ALLICIENCY, * attrahendi, quæ dicitur, vis (magnetical attraction): * vis ad se illiciendi or attrahendi (improperly).

ALLIED, p. p., fœderatus: fœdere junctus:socius (as ally). || Related by blood or marriage, propinquus, cum aliquo propinquitate conjunctus (general term): necessarius (joined by ties of family or office, sometimes = properly, of a distant degree of relationship): agnatua (by the father’s side): cognatus, cognatione conjunctus (by the mother’s side): affinis, affinitate or affinitatis vinculis conjunctus (connected by marriage): consanguineus, consanguinitate propinquua (by blood ; especially of full brothers and sisters). Closely allied, arcta propinquitate or propinqua cognatione conjunctus: cum aliquo conjunctus. || Figuratively, closely connected, propinquus, vicinus, finitimus (alicui or alicui rei). (The words are found in this connection and order), propinquus et finitimus:finitimus et vicinus. Cf., Affinis, in this sense, is without any sufficiently old authority.

ALLIGATE, alligare (aliquem or aliquam rem, ad aliquid: aliqua re). ALLIGATION, alligatio (Columella, Vitruvius).

ALLIGATOR, crocodilus.

ALLIGATURE, alligatura (Columella).

ALLISION, offensio: pulsus: impulsio:allisio (Trebellius, digitorum allisione):collisus (Silver Age).

ALLITERATION, *vocabulorum similiter incipientium continuatio.

ALLOCATION, adjunctio: adjectio.

ALLOCUTION, allocutio (post-Augustan). Vid. ADDRESS.

ALLODIAL, proprius, *allodialis.

Allodial lands, agri immunes liberique.

ALLODIUM, ager immunis liberque.

ALLOO, Vid. HALLOO.

ALLOQUY, alloquium (Livius, a hortatory, consolatory, or animating address).

ALLOT, dispertire, distribuere (the former, with reference to the act of division ; the latter, to its just and proper performance); impertire aliquid alicui (to give in a friendly manner; e.g., laudem alicui): tribuere (to give in a just or judicious manner; e.g., alicui priores partes):assignare (to point out to each his portion, e.g., militibus agros: used, also, of duties, tasks, etc., munus humanum a deo asaignatum defugere, Cicero).
ALLOTMENT, assignatio (act of allotting; especially of land to a colonist):pars (portio, in classical Latin, occurs only in the form pro portione). Sometimes ager, possessio (a property, possession):quod sorte alicui evenit; quod sortitus est (what he has received by lot). Cf., Assignatio may be used for “an allotment”, e.g., adimere assignationem, Ulpianus, Dig., 38,4.

ALLOTTERY. Vid. ALLOTMENT.

ALLOW, || admit, in argument, con cedere (general term): confiteri (without being convinced): assantiri (assent to from conviction): dare aliquid (to allow previously). Vid. on all these, Cicero, Tusc, 1, 8, 16, and 11, 25. || Permit, concedere (mostly on being entreated: opposed to repugnare): permittere (opposed to vetare: permit): largiri (from kindness or complaisance):facultatem dare, or potestatem facere alicujus rei: permittere licentiam, ut, etc. (to put it in any body’s power to do it): alicujus rei veniam dare, or dare banc veniam, ut, etc. ( to show indulgence to any thing). It is allowed, concessum est (general term): licet (is permitted by human, law, positive, customary, or traditional). (The words are found in this connection and order), licitum concessumque est:fas est (by divine law, including the law of conscience). (The words are found in this connection and order), jus fosque est.

As far as the laws allow, quoad per leges liceat (or licitum est, for present time). In great danger fear does not allow of any compassion, in magno periculo timor misericordiam non recipit. || Suffer, sinere, pati, ferre, etc. Vid. SUFFER. || Allow one’s self anything or in anything ( = indulge): sibi sumere (of what might seem presumptuous): sibi indulgere.|| Allowed, licitus, permissus, concessus.|| Allowed = acknowledged,cognitus, probatus: spectatus (proved): confessus (acknowledged).

A man of allowed integrity, vir spectatæ integritatis. || To allow (of wages), dare alicui mercedem operæ:mercedem alicujus constituere (to fix it at so much : the sum being in apposition).To allow so much for any thing, pecunias ad aliquid decernere (e.g., ad ludos, for public games): to allow the expenses of a journey, viaticum alicui reddere. || To allow an excuse (= acknowledge its validity), excusationem, satisfactionemaccipere: not to allow it, non accipere, non probare: to allow a debt, confiteri æs alienum or nomen (acknowledge it). || To allow (=make allowance) for anything in a calculation or action (e.g., for waste in selling goods ; for the wind in aiming at a mark), perhaps alicujus rei rationem habere. Not to allow for any thing, aliquid negligere. To allow something in selling, etc., aliquid de summa deducere or detrahere: aliquid deducere (not detrahere).

ALLOWABLE, licitus: concessus.

ALLOWABLENESS, by circumlocution, to deny the allowableness of any thing, rem licitam esse negare.

ALLOWANCE, concessio, permissio (in the ablative, concessu, permissu).|| Abatement of rigor on any account, indulgentia, venia: to make allowances, concedere, condonare aliquid (e.g., ætati alicujus, to pardon anything on account of a person’s age). || Acceptance, acceptio. comprobatio. || An allowance, alimenta (plural, all that is allowed for anybody’s support): cibarium (allowance for food): vestiarium (allowance for dress):* quod quia alicui præstat: to make any body an allowance for food and clothing, alicui præstare cibarium,vestiarium. To keep on short allowance, aliquem arcte contenteque habere (Plautus): exigue alicui sumtum præbere.|| Abatement, deductio.

ALLOY. Vid. ALLAY. Without alloy, purus, sincerus: in metals also solidus.

ALLOY, v., vitiare, depravare: adulterare (to corrupt by mixing what is spurious or bad with what is genuine ; e.g., nummos).

ALLSPICE, *piper Jamaicum.

ALLUDE, signincare aliquid or de aliqua re: designare aliquem (oratione sua, Cæsar): cavillari aliquid (to allude in a bantering manner): jocari in aliquid (to allude playfully to; vid. Livius, 32, 34):spectare, respicere aliquid : covertly, tecte. He alluded often and plainly to his intention not to, etc., multas nec dubias significationes sæpe jecit. ne, etc. (Suetonius, Ner.,37).Vid. Alludere alicui rei is unclassical (found only in Valerius Maximus): innuere not Latin in this sense.

ALLURE, allicere, allectare. (The words are found in this connection and order), invitareet allectare; allectare et invitare: all aliquem ad aliquid: illicere or pellicere aliquem in or ad aliquid: inescare (attract by a bait): illecebris trahere. To allure by promises, promissis inducere.

ALLURE, s., esca, illecebra (properly and improperly): cibus ad fraudem alicujus positus (Livius), also from context, cibus only. To take by an allure, cibio inescare.

A bird used as an allure is illex.

ALLUREMENT, || as action, allectatio (Quintilianus, Inst, 1, 10, 32). || As thing, invitamentum: incitamentum.

Allurements, illecebræ: sometimes blandimenta.

Allurements to sensual pleasures, also lenocinia.

ALLURER, allector (Columella): illex (a bird used as a lure by fowlers: figuratively, a misleader, etc., Plautus, Appuleius).

ALLURING, blandus: dulcis.

ALLURINGLY,
blande.

ALLURINGNESS, illecebræ; blandimenta (plural).

ALLUSION, significatio (also in plural, as Suetonius, Ner., 37, Bremi).

ALLUVIAL,

ALLUVIOUS,fluminibus aggestus (Plinius): alluvius (Varro): per alluvionem adjectus (Gaius, Dig.): qui fluminum alluvie concrevit (Columella), accrevit (Gaius).

ALLUVION, alluvies: fluminum alluvies (Columella): alluvio.

ALLY, || join one thing to another conjungere aliquid cum aliqua re:adjungere aliquid alicui rei, or ad aliquid (both proper and improper): copulare aliquid cum aliqua re (join fast, unite as if by a band, thong, etc., figuratively): connectere aliquid cum aliqua re (connect as, if by a tie or knot: figuratively, e.g., orientem et occidentem ; amicitiam cum voluptate).|| Unite or league one’s self with, se jungere, conjungere cum aliquo (join: generally): societatem inire, coire, facere cum aliquo (enter into a company, league, etc.): fœdus facere (of an actual alliance): by marriage, matrimonio aliquem secum jungere. || To be allied, fœdere conjungi cum aliquo. || = to be akin to, etc. Vid. ALLIED. || Figuratively.

ALLY, socius: fœderatus. To be anybody’s ally, fœdere or societate et fœdere jungi alicui ; socium alicui esse. To procure allies, socios sibi adsciscere.

ALMANAC, fasti; ephemeris: calendarium (late, Inscriptiones, Gruteri, 133. In Jurists a debt-book; post-Augustan, Seneca).

ALMIGHTINESS, omnipotentia (Macrobius):*potentia omnibus in rebus maxima.The almightiness of God, præpotens Dei natura.

ALMIGHTY, cujus numini parent omnia:rerum omnium præpotens (Cicero); omnipotens (poetic, Vergilius). God is almighty, *nihil est, quod Deus efficere non possit.

ALMOND, (A) Properly, as fruit:amygdala, amygdalum (with the shell):nucleus amygdalæ (the kernel).

As adjective, amjgdalinus. (B) Improperly = tonsil, tonsilla.

ALMOND-MILK, * lac amygdalinum.

ALMOND-OIL, oleum amygdalinum; or oleum ex amygdalis expressum.

ALMOND-TART, *panificium amygdlinum.

ALMOND-TREE, amygdalus; amygdala.

ALMONER, *qui est principi or regi (as the case may be) a largitionibus.

ALMOST, prope, pæne (almost, nearly, but not quite): fere, ferme (with omnes, etc.: prope, pæne, make a positive assertion; fere, ferme, decline doing this; it being either enough for the speaker’s purpose, or all that his knowledge allows him to do, to state that the assertion is at least approximately or generally true): tantum non (μὁνον οὐ, ὀλίγου δεῖ: an elliptical form used by Livius and later writers = “only this is wanting, that not,” etc.):propemodum (what is not far removed from the right measure: “almost what it should be”). When, almost = “within a little,” it may be translated by haud multum or non longe afuit, quin, etc. (not ut); prope erat or factum est, ut, etc.:propius nihil factum est, quam ut. etc. I almost believe, non longe abest (not absum) quin credam: the left wing was almost defeated, prope erat ut sinistrum cornu pelleretur.

ALMS, stips (as a gift): beneficium (as a good deed). To give alms, stipem spargere, largiri: to collect alms, stipem cogere colligere: to beg for alms, stipem emendicare ab aliquo: to live on alms.aliena misericordia vivere; mendicantem vivere (Plautus, by begging for alms); stipe precarid victitare (Ammian., 26, 10):to live by anybody’s alms, *ope alicujus sustentatum vivere: to hold out one’s hand for an alm, manum ad etipem porrigere (Seneca).

ALMS-DEED, circumlocution by stipem spargere, largiri.

ALMS-GIVER, *qui stipem confert in egentes.

ALMS-HOUSE, ptochotrophium, ptochium (Codex Justinianus, 1, 2, 15, and 19 ; 1, 3, 33).

ALMS-MAN, *qui aliena misericordia vivit; qui mendicans vivit: mendicus (beggar): planus (vagrant).

ALMUG-TREE, Santalum album or Pterocarpus Sandalinus (sandal-tree).

ALOES, aloe, es. || Agallocha excæcaria; agallochum (a tree of which the bark and wood are used as perfumes in the East).

ALOFT, sublime ( in sublime, post-Augustan):to be borne or carried aloft, sublime ferri( of living creatures and things): sublimem abire (of living things): pennis sublime ferri, pennis or alis se levare (of birds).

ALONE, adj., solus: unus (opposed to several or all = my single self; by myself; for which also solus, unus solus): sine arbitris, remotis arbitris (without witnesses, spectators, etc.). To be alone, solum ease, secum esse (without any companion or attendant): sine arbitris esse. To like to be alone, secretum captare (in Silver Age).One who likes to be alone, solitarius. To let anybody alone, sinere aliquem. To let anything alone, omittere aliquid: aliquid non fecere. Let me alone, sine me; noli me turbare: omitte me.

ALONE, adv., solum, tantum.
Not — alone, but, non tantum (or solum) — sed: etiam. Vid. ONLY.

ALONG, prep., secundum (with accusative).

Along the coast, præteroram: to sail along the coast, oram prætervehi: to sail close along the shore, oram, terram legere.|| Along with, una cum, or cum only.|| To go along with, vid. ACCOMPANY.

ALONG, adv., porro, protinus (forward, on). To drive a herd along, armentum porro agere. Get along with you, abi! apage te! amove te hinc. || All along, semper, etc., Vid. ALWAYS.

ALOOF, procul (opposed to juxta, at some distance, but mostly within sight: longe it of a greater distance, mostly out of sight). || To stand aloof from anything, aliquid non attingere (e.g., negotia, rempublicam, etc.): ab aliqua re se removere or sevocare; ab aliqua re recedere (all three of withdrawing from what one has hitherto been engaged in). To stand aloof from each of two parties, neutri parti fevere: from parties generally, ab omni partium studio alienum esse.

ALOUD, clare: clara voce (e.g., legere: viva voce is unclassical): magna or summa voce (with a very loud voice).

ALPHABET, alpha et beta (e.g., discere, to learn his A, B, C, Juvenalis: alphabetam, Scriptores Ecclesiastici): literarum nomina et contextus (the names and order of the letters : l. n. et contextum discere, Quintilianus): unius et viginti formæ literarum (the shapes of the 21 letters of the Raman alphabet, Cicero): literarum ordo (Plinius). ALPHABETICAL, in literas digestus:* literarum ordine dispositus.

An alphabetical list of rivers, amnium in literas digesta nomina (Vib. Seq.). To explain anything in alphabetical order, aliquid literarum ordine explicare.

ALPHABETICALLY, literarum ordine.To arrange any thing alphabetically, aliquid in literas digerere.

ALPINE,

Alpinus.

Alpine tribes, Alpici (Nepos, Hann.), Alpinæ or Inalpinæ gentes:Inalpini (populi).

ALPS,

Alpes, ium. Living or situated at the foot of the Alps, subalpinus: on this side the Alps, cisalpinus: on the other side the Alps, transalpinus.

ALREADY, jam: jam jam (stronger than jam).

ALSO, etiam, quoque (quoque, which aways follown its word, is merely a copulative particle, and can only render a single notion prominent: etiam is augmentative, it enhances what has been said; it can also relate to a whole sentence).The pronoun idem is used where different properties are attributed to the same subject or object. Musici quondam iidem poetæ (were also poets): et ipse (when what is asserted of the person or thing in question is at the same lime asserted, by implication, of other persons or things. Darius quum vinci suos videret, mori voluit et ipse, i.e., as well as they, or with them): item (in like manner; likewise; just so: augur cum fratre item augure: literæ — a patre vehementes, ab amicis item): præterea, insuper (besides ; moreover). Vid. Nec non in the prose of the Golden Age connects sentences only, not nouns. On the occasional use of et for etiam (in Cicero), vid. HAND’S TURSELLINUS. || And also, et etiam, et quoque (generally with a word between ; else atque etiam should be used).  ALTAR, ara (general term, whether made of stone or of earth, turf, etc.): altaria, altarium (a high altar: an ara, with an apparatus for burnt-offerings: altare, altarium, in singular, belong to a later age).

A little altar, arula:to build an altar, aram statuere (general term), deo facere aram (to a deity). To dedicate an altar, aram dicare, consecrare (Cicero). To swear before an altar, aram tenentem jurare (the parson who swore, touched the altar).To make anybody swear before an altar, altaribus admotum jurejurando adigerealiquem. To fly to the altars, ad (in) aras confugere: to drag from the altars, ab ipsis aris detrahere: and slay, ab altaribus ad necem transferre. The sacrament of the altar, *cœna Domini; *cœna or meusa sacra; eucharistia (Scriptores Ecclesiastici). Vid. SACRAMENT.

ALTAR-CLOTH, *tegmen altarium.

ALTER, Trantively, mutare: commutare (aliquid in aliqua re, of a thing that exists independently, as a house, etc.: de aliqua, re, of what does not exist independently, as manners, customs, etc.): immutare ( mostly of an entire change): submutare (of a partial change): novare (to give anything a new shape): emendare, corrigere (improve by an alteration; emendare may be said of removing one or more errors, corrigere of making what was altogether bad good): variare (to vary by changing; e.g., fortunam, animos, etc.): invertere (to turn round: give a wrong turn to; e.g., corrupt the character): interpolare (to falsify anything by altering its appearance).To alter anything written, a speech, etc., orationem, etc., rescribere: a will, testamentum mutare (general term): testamentum rescindere (to cancel it; of the testator: testamentum resignare is, to open a will): to alter a line of march, iter or viam fleetere; iter convertere: a plan, consilium mutare or commutare: one’s life, manner of life, morum institutorumque mutationem facere (opposed to instituta sua tenere): one’s custom, consuetudinem mutare: one’s disposition, novum sibi induere ingenium (Livius, 3, 33): one’s character, morum mutationem or commutationem facere (general term) — mores emendare (for the better); mores invertere (for the worse): what can still be altered, quod integrum est: what is done can not he altered, factum infectum fieri non potest (Tacitus). || To be altered. Vid. ALTER, intransitive. ALTER, Intransitively, mutari: commutari:immutari (Syn. in preceding word): variare (to change backward and forward; especially of the weather): converti (to change round, whether for better or for worse: of fortune, plans, etc.): to change (of men, their characters, etc.):  se invertere (for the worse): in melius mutari, ad bonam frugem se recipere (for the better).Vid., also, to alter the character, in ALTER, transitive. Not to alter, sibi constare, a se non decedere. He has not altered, non alius est ac fuit; est idem qui fuit semper: antiquum obtinet. He is quite altered, commutatus est totus. You must hegin today to be an altered man, hie dies aliam vitam defert, alios mores postulat (Terentius). Men are altered, homines alii facti sunt. Times and opinions are altered, magna facta est rerum et animorum commutatio. Every thing is altered, versa sunt omnia. Which can not now be altered, quod non integrum est.

ALTERABLE, mutabilis, commutabilis (unstable, changeable); qui mutari, commutari, etc., potest.

ALTERATION, mutatio: commutatio:immutatio: conversio (Syn. s. verbs under ALTER, transitive): varietas, vicissitudo (the first more accidental, the last regular).

Alteration of the weather, cœli varietas:alterations of fortune, fortunæ vicissitudines.

Alteration of opinion, mutatio sententiæ: receptus sententiæ (retractation):to make an alteration, mutationem or commutationem alicujus rei facere [vid. ALTER, transitive]: to cause an alteration, commutationem alicui rei afferre: to undergo or be subject to an alteration, mutationem habere: to plan or endeavor to effect an alteration, mutationem moliri.

An alteration of circumstances is taking place, commutatio rerum accidit. Alteration of color, mutatio coloris: of plan, consilii: of the state of things, rerum conversio.

ALTERCATION, altercatio (a contest of words with more or less of heat): jurgium (an angry quarrel conducted with abusive words, when neither party will listen to reason). To have an altercation with anybody, altercari cum aliquo; verbis cum aliquo concertare; jurgio certare cum aliquo: to begin an altercation, altercari incipere (cum aliquo); causam jurgii inferre. I get into an altercation with anybody, oritur mihi (de aliqua re) altercatio cum aliquo.

A great part of the day was taken up by an altercation between Lentulus and Caninius, dies magna ex parte consumtus altercafione Lentuli et Caninii. Altercations took place in the senate, altercationes in senatu factæ (Cicero).No altercation ever took place with greater clamors, nulla altercatio clamoribus habita majoribus (Cicero).

ALTERNATE, v., alternare (cum aliquo): alternare vices (Ovidius): aliquid aliqua re variare (e.g., otium labore; laborem otio).

ALTERNATE, adj., alternus.

Alternate acts of kindness, mutua officia: beneficia ultro citroque data et accepta. || On alternate days, alternis diebus.

Alternate angles, *anguli sibi oppositi. ALTERNATELY, alternis (ablative of the adjective : Varro., not Cicero, one after the other): in vicem, per vices (when several follow immediately after others): Cf., vicissim (in turn; on the other hand) does not belong here: and vicibus belongs to poetry and late prose: mutuo is “reciprocally,” “mutually.”

ALTERNATION, alternatio (post-classical): vices (plural), vicissitudo: permutatio (change): varietas.

Alternations of fortune, fortunæ vicissitudines, varietas:of the seasons, temporum vicissitudo, varietas: of day and night, vieissitudines dierum, noctiumque; vicissitudines diurnæ nocturnæque (Cicero).

ALTERNATIVE, There is no word for it; but the notion may be expressed in various ways.”Peace or war is our only alternative,” inter bellum et pacem nihil medium est (Cicero). “Either he must be punished by the state, or we enslaved: there is no other alternative,” res in id discrimen adducta est, utrum ille pœnas reipublicæ luat, an nos serviamus (Cicero). To offer any body an alternative, *geminam condicionem alicui proponere.

ALTHOUGH, esti (=”even if,” the concession made is here simply a supposition: if considered as really existing, the indicative is used; if merely as possible, the subjunctive): etiamsi (a fuller and stronger etsi = “yea, even if,” “even if.” Etiamsi and etsi differ nearly as “though” and “although”): tamen etsi or tametsi (gives prominence to the improbability of the coexistence of the supposition and the asserted consequence: it is often followed by tamen, which has then the force of “yet nevertheless quamquam (= “however much” the supposition really exists: the real existence of the supposition being granted, it takes the indicative in the best writers): quamvis (“however much” you, the person addressed, may possibly imagine the concession, to exist really: hence in Cicero. only with the subjunctive): Cf., quamquam and quamvis can only be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, whose notion can be supposed to exist in a heightened degree of intensity: licet (= “granted the thing be so:” “let it be so, if you like:” allowing a supposition, the correctness of which the speaker does not in any degree maintain himself, but allows the person addressed to maintain if he pleases: it is an impersonal verb, and takes the subjunctive governed by ut omitted. It may occur in other tenses; thus, detrahat auctori multum fortuna licebit: and Cicero. has quamvis licet, N. D., 3, 36 ; Tusc, 4, 24). Observe, “Though” correcting or limiting a previous statement, or adding to it some circumstance to be kept in view in the application of it, is quamquam, less frequently etsi ; the conjunction standing at the head of a sentence, which is then more than a mere subordinate clause. Thus, confer te ad Manlium: infer patriæ bellum. Quamquam quid ego te invitem, etc.? (Cicero).Do, do, pœnas temeritatis meæ: etsi quæ fuit illa temeritas? (Cicero). Quum (with subjunctive,
properly denotes the coexistence of two apparently inconsistent states, etc.) Ut has also the meaning of although (ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas, Ovidius), and ne of “although — not” (e. g., ne sit summum malum dolor, malum certe est, Cicero).

ALTITUDE, altitudo: excelsitas:  sublimitas (all three properly and figuratively):proceritas (properly, “tallness,” height in reference to growth. Vid. Syn. in HIGH):elatio (figuratively, elevation; e.g., animi).|| Altitude of a mountain, altitudo or excelsitas mentis; or, if the highest point is meant, fastigium.

ALTOGETHER, || completely. etc., prorsus (opposed to “in some degree,” or “almost;” quite, without exception): omnino (opposed to magna ex parte, etc.: completely, quite; also “altogether” = in one lot [e.g., vendere], opposed to separatim, Plinius): plane (quite: opposed to pæne: e.g.. plane par: vix—vel plane nullo modo, Cicero): in or per omnes partes: per omnia (in every respect): penitus (through and through; thoroughly; quite; e.g., amittere, perspicere, cognosse, etc., opposed to magna ex parte, and to “superficially”):funditus (from the foundations; utterly: especially with verbs of perishing, destroying, overthrowing, defeating, rejecting, depriving).

Altogether or in great measure, omnino ant magna ex parte. With reference to aperson, altogether may be translated by the adjective totus.”He is altogether made up of falsehood and deceit,” totus ex fraude et mendacio factus est. || = all together; cuncti (all collected together: opposed to dispersi): universi (all taken together, wherever they may chance to be: opposed to singuli). || In all, omnino (e.g., omnino ad ducentos, Cicero.): sometimes in summa (Drusus erat — absolutus; in summa quatuor sententiis, Cicero).

ALUM, alumen. Containing or impregnated with alum, aluminatus, aluminosus.One engaged in procuring or preparing alum, aluminarius (inscriptions).

Alum-water, aqua aluminata.

ALUMINOUS, aluminatus: aluminosus. ALWAYS, semper (opposed to nunquam): usque (always, within a drfinite limit: semper represents time as a space; usque as a continuing line: semper = omni tempore: usque = nullo tempore intermisso; continenter): perpetuo (of uninterrupted continuance to the end of a space of time). || With superlatives always is translated by quisque: “the best things are always the rarest,” optimum quidque rarissimum est. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Sometimes always is used hyperbolically for “nearly always,” “mostly:” it may then be translated by plerumque, or by a periphrasis with solere. He always arrives ten late, plerumque sero venit. I always take a walk at this time, hoc tempore ambulare soleo. But, Cf., this may sometimes be expressed by the simple present or imperfect; e.g. post cibum meridianum — paullisper conquiescebat: to be always at a place, frequentem esse aliquo loco: assiduum esse aliquo loco or circa locum.

AM, Vid. BE.

AMAIN, vehementer; valde; graviter; acriter; acerbe: concente.MALGAMATE, The nearest verbs are temperare, miscere, commiscere (aliquid).

AMALGAMATION, The nearest nouns are mixtio (Vitruvius), commixtio (Catullus).

AMANUENSIS, amanuensis (Silver Age): a manu (scilicet, servus): librarius (a copier of books: bat also one employed in other kinds of writing: a secretary, etc.) :scriba (one who hold the office of scribe, whether as a public officer, or in the service of a prince): ab epistolis (scilicet, servus: the slave to whom the master dictated his letters).To be anybody’s amanuensis, alicui a manu esse: alicui ab epistolis esse.

AMARANTH, amarantus.

AMARITUDE, amaritudo.

AMASS, acervare: concervare (to make a heap of any thing; to heap together):aggerare, exaggerare (to heap up high, post-Augustan in prose): cumulare, accumulare (the first to heap up to the full measure ; to heap up much: the latter, to keep adding to a heap; cumulare also trop, to go on increasing anything):augere (to increase): addere aliquid alicui rei (to add something to anything).To amass treasures, opes exaggerare.

AMASS, s., accumulatio:coacervatio.

AMATORY, amatorius.

AMAUROSIS, amaurosis (ὀϕθαλμῶν ἀμαύρωσις).

AMAZE, in stuporem dare; obstupefacere: alicujus mentem animumque perturbare; inperturbationem conjicere; consternare: percutere (not percellere).|| To BE AMAZED, obstupescere, and the passive of the verbs above: stupere ; alicujus animum stupor tenet. To be sore amazed at any thing, aliqua re exanimatum esse.|| = to be astonished at. Vid. ASTONISH.

AMAZE, s. Vid. AMAZEMENT.

AMAZEDLY, stupentis in modum:or by participles of perturbare, etc.

AMAZED, stupens, obstupefactus: admirans: admiratus (astonished at).

AMAZEDNESS. Vid. AMAZEMENT.

AMAZEMENT, stupor: admiratio (astonishment, wonder). To fill with amazement, Vid. AMAZE, verb.

AMAZING, stapendus: admirabilis (astonishing; e.g„ andacia): mirus, permirus (wonderful): ingens, immanis (immense): immanes pecuniæ (an amazing sum of money).

AMAZINGLY, stupendum in modum:valde: vehementer.

AMAZON,

Amazon, plural Amazones:Improperly, mulier or virgo bellicosa, animosa, fortis, etc.

AMAZONIAN,

Amazonicus: poetically, Amazonius.

AMBAGES, ambages (only in ablative singular: plural complete. Gellius, um).

AMBAGIOUS, ambagiosus (Gellius).

AMBASSADOR, legatus.

Ambassador to treat for a peace, orator pacis or pacis petendæ (v. Cicero, De Rep., 2, 8; Liv, 36, 27): *legatus pacificatum or ad pacificandum missus (Cf., Livius, 5, 23; 7, 40).To be an ambassador, legatum esse: legationem gerere, administrare: legatione fungi: to send ambassadors, legatos mittere; also mittere only, with qui (and subjunctive): to send ambassadors to anybody, legatos ad aliquem mittere: anybody as ambassador to anybody, aliquem legatum mittere, or aliquem legare ad aliquem (de aliqua re, if the purpose is expressed).

AMBASSADRESS, quæ missa est: oratrix: uxor legati (if ambassador’s wife is meant).

AMBASSAGE,

AMBASSY, legatio. Vid. EMBASSY.

AMBER, succinum: electrum ( the former the Latin name ; the latter borrowed from the Greek: glesum was its name among the Germans Dilthey, Tacitus, Germ., 45,6).

As adjective, succineus.

AMBERGRIS,

Ambarum, Ambra (Kraft and Forbiger).

AMBER-SEED,

AMBER-TREE,*amomum granum Paradisi (Linnæus).

AMBIDEXTER, æquimanus (Ausonius, Beda, Orth. 2329, Plin.). The Greek ἀμϕιδέξιος, περιδίξιος, might be used in familiar style. Thus ( figuratively): “ut plane Homerica appellatione περιδίξιον, id est;æquimanum te pronuntiem,”Symmach, Ep„ 9, 101 (110): dexter, vafer, etc.|| Given to double-dealing, homo bilinguis (double-tongued): temporum multorum homo (Curtius, 5,3, 4: a temporizer; time-server): prævaricator (as a lawyer).

AMBIDEXTERITY, περιδίξιοτης, ut Græco verbo utar: vafrities, etc. || Shuffling conduct, prævaricatio (of a lawyer).

AMBIDEXTEROUS,Vid. AMBIDEXTER.

AMBIENT, qui cingit, circumfunditur, etc. The ambient air, circumfusus nobis aer.

AMBIGU, farrago.

AMBIGUITY, ambiguitas (general term, verborum, etc.): amphibolia (ἀμϕιβολία, in rhetoric).

A playful or ironical ambiguity, suspicio ridiculi abscondita (Cicero, De Or., 2, 59, 278).

AMBIGUOUS, ambiguus (e.g., answer, responsum, that admits of two or more interpretations: words, verba; and Figuratively = not to be trusted, ingenium, fides, etc.):anceps (proposition having two heads: hence wavering between two directions; what has a double or doubtful sense: oraculum, responsum): dubius (doubtful, indeterminate). (The words are found in this connection and order), dubius et quasi duplex (e.g., words, verba): flexiloquus (speaking what admits of two meanings). (The words are found in this connection and order), flexiloquus et obscurus (e.g., oracle, oraculum, Cicero, De Div., 2, 56, 115).

An ambiguous declaration, ex ambiguo dictum:a man of ambiguous character, homo ambigui ingenii, ambigua fide. To return an ambiguous answer, ambigue respondere:nihil certi respondere.

AMBIGUOUSLY, ambigue. || = with ambiguous faith, ambigua fide. AMBIT, ambitus (us).

AMBITION, ambitio: studium laudis:stndium cupiditasque honorum: cupido honoris or famæ: aviditas or avaritia gioriæ: æstus quidam gloriæ: sitis famæ. Sometimes from the context, gloria only may do, alicujus gloriæ favere (Cicero). To be impelled by ambition, gloria duci: to be possased, enthralled, etc., by ambition, ambitione teneri: to burn with ambition, ambitione accensum esse or flagrare. He allowed himself to be hurried away by his ambition, eurn absorbuit æstus quidam gloriæ: or quasi quidam æstus gloriæ abripuit; atque in altum abstraxit.

AMBITIOUS, ambitiosus: avidus gloriæ or laudis: cupidus honorum: laudis et honoris cupidus: appetens gloriæ: sitiens femæ. To be ambitious, laudis studio trahi: gloria duci. To be ambitious of anything, alicujus rei desiderio incensum esse or flagrare: aliquid ardenter cupere.

AMBITIOUSLY, ambitiose (e.g.. petere aliquid). AMBITIOUSNESS. Vid. AMBITION.

AMBLE, v., tolutim incedere (Varro, ap. Non., 4, 13: tolutim incursus carpere, Plinius, 8, 42. 67, is a mere conjecture).

An ambling horse or nag, equus tolutarius (Seneca, Ep.. 67, 9): equus gradarius (Lucilius, ap. Non.): equus, cui non vulgaris in cursu gradus, sed mollis alterno crurum explicatu glomeratio (Plinius, 8, 42, 67, end).

AMBLE, s., ambulatura (=”gradus minutus et creber et qui sedentem delectet et erigat,” Vegetius, 6. 6, 6. etc.): gradus tolutilis (Varro, ap. Non., 17. 26): mollis altemo crurum explicatu
glomeratio (Plinius, 8, 42, 67. end): incessus gradarius (Kraft and Forbiger).

AMBLER, Vid. “Ambling horse” in AMBLE, v.

AMBLINGLY, tolutim.

AMBROSIA, ambrosia. || Name of a plant, ambrosia. Chenopodium Botrys (Linnæus).

According to others,the ἀμβροσία of Dioscorides is Artemisia arborescens.

AMBROSIAL, ambrosius ; ambrosiacus (Plinius).

AMBRY, armarium (cupboard or closet) :armarium promptuarium (Cato).

AMBS-ACE, perhaps venus. To throw ambs-ace, venerem jacere.

AMBULATION, ambulatio.

AMBULATORY, ambulatorius (movable:  of machines, etc. : e,g., turres: also that serve for walking on: porticus ambolatoria, Ulpianus, Dig.).

AMBURY,. vomica.

AMBUSCADE. Vid. AMBUSH.

AMBUSH, insidiæ (both the place and the men): locus insidiarum (the place):latebæ (lurking-place; e.g., of a murderer): to lay an ambush, insidias locare, collocare, ponere: insidias disponere (in different place; e.g., silvestribus locis):to place or post men in ambush, in insidiis locare, collocare: in insidiis disponere (if in different places): to lie in ambush, in insidiis esse or subsistere: to rise, etc., from one’s ambush, ex insidiis consurgere; ex insidiis or latebris exsilire: to draw into an ambush, aliquem in insidias trahere or perducere; aliquem in insidias inducere:to fall into an ambusk, in insidias incidere, insidias intrare; insidiis circumveniri.

AMBUSHED, in insidiis collocatus. etc.

AMBUSHMENT, Vid. AMBUSH.

AMBUST, ambustus.

AMBUSTION, ambustio (Plinius).

AMEL, Vid. ENAMEL.

AMELIORATE, melius facere aliquid.

AMELIORATION, circumlocution by melius facere.

AMEN ! ita fiat ! ratum esto !dixi (at the end of a speech): amen (as technical term, “Et responsuris ferit aera vocibus amen,” Ausonius, Eph. in Orat., end. Prudent.).

AMENABLE, cui ratio reddenda est; qui aliquid præstare debet: to a law, lege aliqua teneri; legem aliquam conservare debere; legi aliqui parere, etc., debere :to the authority, rule, etc., of any body, sub alicujus jus et jorisdictionem subjunctus(Cicero, Rull., 2, 36, 98).

AMEND, Transitively, melius facere or efficere (to make better): corrigere (to correct or improve a whole that is defective, not right, etc.): emendare (to free anything from faults). (The words are found in this connection and order), corrigere et emendare; emendare et corrigere. To amend one’s ways, mores corrigere or emendare. Intransitively,|| to grow better in health, meliorem fieri; ex morbo convalescere:ex incommoda valetudine emergere. I am beginning to amend, meliuscule est mihi. || To improve: of fortune, etc. ” My fortune amends” (Sidonius), meæ res sunt meliore loco. || With respect to morals, mores suos mutare; in viam redire: ad virtutem redire or revocari; ad bonam frugem se recipere.

AMENDE (French), multa or mulota. Vid. AMENDS.

AMENDMENT, || correction, correctio : emendatio. (The words are found in this connection and order), correctio et emendatio (SYN. in AMEND, trans.). || Improvement in a sick person’s health, convalescentia (Symmachus): a considerable amendment has taken place, inclinata jam in melius ægri valetudo est; ægrotus convalescit.|| Of circumstances, *melior rerum conditio. || Of morals, mores emendatiores: vita emendatior (Ulpianus, Dig.).

AMENDER, corrector: emendator. (The words are found in this connection and order), corrector et emendator (SYN. in AMEND, trans.).

AMENDS, compensatio: satisfactio (what satisfies an injured person): expiatio (atonement for a crime; sceleris, rupti fœderis, etc.). To make amends for anything, aliquid compensare: satisfacere alicui (to give anybody satisfaction): expiare aliquid (of making amends for a crime: by anything, aliqua re. Also, expiarealiquem aliqua re): to anybody by anything, aliquid alicui compensare aliqua re: far an injury suffered or loss sustained, alicui damnum restitnere, damnum præstare: to make one’s self amends for a loss sustained, damnum or detrimentum sarcire or resarcire; damnum compensare (aliqua re). To accept amends for anything, satisfactionem accipere pro aliqua re. To seek amends, res repetere (not only of the Fetialis, or Roman officer who demanded restitution from a state, but also of a purchaser of damaged goods, etc., claiming his money back). || Recompense. Vid. REWARD.

AMENITY, amœnitas (hortorum, fluminis, orarum et litorum, etc.).

AMERCE, multare (in anything, aliqua re): multam imponere (in aliquem).To be amerced, pecunia multari. || Deprive,  rob, privare, spoliare, etc.

AMERCER, qui multam imponit.

AMERCEMENT, multa: lis æstimata (the
damages fixed according to an estimation of the injury).

AMES-ACE. Vid. AMBS-ACE.

AMETHYST, amethystus,.

AMETHYSTINE, amethystinus.

AMIABILITY, amabilitas (Plautus and late writers): suavitas (sweetness): venustas (loveliness, attractiveness): of disposition, morum suavitas.

AMIABLE, amabilis: amandus: amore dignus: dignus qui ametur: suavis, dulcis (sweet): venustus (lovely). An amiable character, mores amabiles. Nothing can be more amiable than this man, nihil est hoc homine dignius, quod ametur.

AMIABLENESS. Vid. AMIABILITY.

AMIABLY, suaviter, blande: amabiliter (= affectionately) has an active sense (e.g., amabiliter cogitare in aliquem,Cicero).

AMICABLE, amicus: benevolus: benignus, etc. Vid. FRIENDLY.

AMICABLY, amice: benevole: amanter: familiariter. To live amicably with anybody, amice cum aliquo vivere; familiariter uti aliquo: to converse amicably with anybody, amice, familiariter loqui cum aliquo.

AMICE, amictus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Vid. Du Cange in Johnson’s Dict.).

AMID, AMIDST, interjection, Amid the tumult, inter tumultum. Also by in, with the adjective medius: in media aliqua re.

AMISS, adv., perverse: perperam (opposed to recte): prave. Sometimes secus (i.e., otherwise than the thing should be, than was expected, etc.). To judge or determine amiss, perperam judicare or statuere; prave judicare. To do amiss, peccare, delinquere; delictum admittere or committere: labi, errare [vid. SIN, v.]. It would not be amiss if you were to speak with Balbus on this subject, de quo nihilnocuerit, si cum Balbo locutus eris. I thought it would not be amiss to relate, haud ab re duxi, referre, etc.: or by censere only, followed by subjunctive (with or without ut) or by accusative with infinitive.

Anything turns out amiss, res secus cadit; res minus prospere or non ex sententia, cadit. To take any thing amiss, aliquid perperam interpretari (to put a bad construction on it): aliquid in malam partem accipere (to take anything ill, in bad part). I take it amiss, that, etc., ægre fero, with accusative and infinitive. To be somewhai amiss leviter ægrotare: levi motiuncula tentari (Suetonius).

AMITY, Vid. FRIENDSHIP.

AMMONIAC, sal ammoniacus.

AMMUNITION, instrumentum et apparatus belli: arma, tela, cetera quæ ad bellum gerendum pertinent (after Cicero, Phil., 11, 12, 30).

AMMUNITION BREAD, panis militaris.

AMNESTY, venia præteritorum: impunitas: tides publica (these three mostly of amnesty granted to individuals or a small number): oblivio with or without rerum ante actarum or præteritarum: oblivio, quam Athenicuses ἀμνηστίαν vocant (Valerius Maximus): lex, ne quis ante actarum rerum accusetur, neve multetur (Nepos, act of amnesty passed): pactum abolitionis (Quintilianus). (The words are found in this connection and order), venia et oblivio; venia et impunitas; venia et incolumitas. To proclaim a general amnesty, omnium factotum dictorumque veniam et oblivionem in perpetuum sancire. In the hopes of an amnesty, spe abolitionis (Quintilianus). Phrase, veniam et impunitatem alicui dare; impunitatem largiri. To bind all parties to an amnesty, omnes jurejurando astringere discordiarum oblivionem fore. To pray for an amnesty, veniam præteritorum precari.

AMNICOLIST, amnicola (Ovidius).

AMNIGENOUS, amnigenus (Valerius Flaccus).

AMOMUM, amomum.

AMONG, AMONGST, interjection,Sometimes, apud.To be reckoned among good men, in bonis viris haberi. To reckon among good things, in bonis numerare.

Apud is used of actions, etc., done among certain persons; e.g., tantopere apud nostros justitia culta est, ut, etc., Cicero:hæc apud majores nostros factitata, Cicero.|| From among, e, ex (e.g., ex cunctis aengere).

AMORIST, amator: amator mulierum. Vid. That amator is often = amator mulierum (one who must always be in love with somebody) is proved by Tusc, 4, 12, 22 ; Horace., Ep., 1, 1, 38.

AMOROSO, Vid. next word.

AMOROUS, amans (really in love with):amore captus or incensus: venereus:libidinosus (in bad sense): amatorius (relating to love: of things; e.g., voluptas, poesis, etc.). To have an amorous look, *vultu or oculis amorem prodere or fateri.

AMOROUSLY, amatorie (e.g., amatorio scribere).

AMOROUSNESS, amor (in good sense), amor venereus: libido; venus (in bad sense: of lustful passion).

AMORT, tristis, mæstus, etc. Vid. SAD, DEJECTED.

AMORTIZATION, AMORTIZEMENT, Nothing nearer than alienatio:abalienatio.

AMORTIZE, in perpetuum alienare (Cicero).

AMOVE, Vid. REMOVE.

AMOUNT, v., efficere, also esse: explere.What dues the whole amount to? quæ summa est? quantum est? To amount to a great sum, longam summam efficere or conficere. The whole number amounted to more than 80,000 men, omnis numerus explebat amplius octoginta millia (Velleius). To what does this amount? id autem quantulum est? (the amount being smalt). To amount to any thing (= to have it for its result), eo or hue redire (Terentius, etc.): hunc adeo exitum habere (have no other result than this: of actions, , etc.). The evil at worst can only amount to a divorce, incommoditas hue omnis redit, si eveniat discessio (Terentius, Andr., 3, 3, 35). Anything amounts but to this, that, (In such a sentence as is given in Johnson: “the errors of aged men amount but to this, that more might have been done, or sooner.”) etc., perhaps aliquid non ferme longius progreditur, quam ut, etc. It amounts to the same thing, idem est: par est (Cicero, pro Muren., 10, 41). It amounts to the same thing, whether — or, nihil interest, utrum — an. The whole argument of his letter amounts to this, summa epistolæ hæc est. What he said amounted to this, exitus fuit orationis (Cæsar, B.G., 4, 6, Herzog).

AMOUNT, s., summa. The whole amount, solidum: an insignificant amount, minuta summa or summula. || Abstract of a whole, summa, caput. Vid. SUM.

AMOUR, res amatoria. Amours, amores. To have an amour, amori operam dare(Terentius, Heaut., 1, 1, 58): to pursue amours, amores sectari.

AMPHIBIOUS, cui aquam terramque incolendi gemina natura est (Florus). An amphibious animal, bestia quasi anceps, in utraque sede vivens (Cicero, N. D., 1, 37,103): animal, cui aquam terramque incolendi gemina natura est (Florus, 1, 3, 6):animal, cujus et in terra et in humore vita (Plinius, 8, 31, 48). || = mongrel, Vid.

AMPHIBOLOGICAL, amphibolus (Capella).

AMPHIBOLOGY, amphibolia, Cicero. (amphibologia, Charisius, Isidorus ).

AMPHIBOLOUS, amphibolus (Capella)

AMPHIBRACH, amphibrachys (G. yos).

AMPHIMACER, amphima̅crus (or amphimăcrus).

AMPHISBÆNA, amphisbæna (Lucanus, Plinius).

AMPHITHEATRE, amphitheatrum (Suetonius, Plinius, Tacitus, properly and figuratively): to present somewhat of the appearance of an amphitheatre, velut amphitheatri or theatri efficere speciem (Sallustius, Hirt. B. Afr., 37).

AMPHITHEATRICAL, amphitheatralis.

AMPLE, amplus: laxus (not narrow; roomy): spatiosus (roomy, spacious): capax (able to hold much). Often by satis; e.g., ample reason, satis causæ: also gravis causa. An ample garrison, abunde magnum præsidium. || Liberal, etc., benignus. || Full (as in “an ample narrative”), copiosus, verbosus: longus. Vid. GREAT.

AMPLENESS, amplitude: laxitas: capacitas.

AMPLIATE, ampliare.

AMPLIATION, amplificatio (ampliatio is “adjournment;” but in Tertullianus = amplificatio).

AMPLIFICATE, amplificare.

AMPLIFICATION, amphficatio (= “en largement,” and also as technical term of rhetoric, exaggerating representation).

AMPLIFIER, amplificator, Cicero (fem. amplificatrix).

AMPLIFY, amplificare (= “enlarge,” and also “set off by rhetorical exaggeration”).

Also dilatare (alicujus imperium, gloriam): propagare or proferre (aliquid, fines alicujus rei, etc.); augere: multiplicare. Vid. ENLARGE, INCREASE. || Exaggerate rhetorically, amplificare:verbis exaggerare: multiplicare verbis (represent as more numerous than they really are; e.g., copias): verbis augere:in majus (verbis) extollere: in falsum augere (Tacitus).

AMPLITUDE. Vid. AMPLENESS.

AMPLY, ample: copiose: large: satis:abunde.

AMPUTATE, amputare (membra, Cicero). Vid. CUT OFF.

AMPUTATION, amputatio (not found; I believe, of limbs ; but as amputare is, it may probably be used: desectio, resectie are general terms).

AMULET, amuletum: phylacterium (Silver Age, and late).

AMUSE, oblectare (to supply a pleasant occupation; to amuse, whether by things or words): delectare (to delight). To amuse one’s self with anything, se delectare aliqua re: delectari aliqua re (e.g., libris):se oblectare aliqua re (e.g., ludis). The play amuses the people (fabula oblectat populum). To be amused, oblectari aliqua re: oblectari et duci aliqua re: delectatione alicujus rei duci: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere, percipere, habere.|| Draw a man on (with hopes, promises, etc.), extrahere aliquem (Vid., Livius, 23, and31): aliquem variis frustrationibus differre, or variis dilationibus frustrare; aliquem per frustrationem differre: aliquem eludere atque extrahere: lactare aliquem et spe falsa producere (Terentius).

AMUSEMENT, oblectatio (amusement, a relative pleasure): delectatio (delight: a positive pleasure). For the sake or purpose of amusement, delectationis causa, animi causa, voluptatis causa; animi voluptatisque causa. To indulge in some relaxation and amusement, se jucunditati dare et animum relaxare. To lighten toil, labor, etc., by intervals of amusement, studia voluptatibus condire. To find amusement in any thing, delectari, oblectari aliqua re; aliqua re oblectari et duci;delectationo alicujus rei duci. || Amusement as thing, oblectamentum: delectamentum (Terentius, Cicero).

AN. Vid. A.

ANABAPTISM, *anabaptismus (ἀναβαπτισμός).

ANABAPTIST, *anabaptista (ἀναβαπτιστής).

ANACHRONISM, *peccatum in temporis ratione. To be guilty of an anachronism, *a vera temporis ratione aberrare: * non servare ordinem temporum.

ANAGRAM, *anagramma, atis (ἀνάγραμμα, αρος).

ANALECTA, *analecta (plural).

ANALOGICAL, analogicus (Gellius).

ANALOGOUS, analogus (Verro): similis (like, generally).

ANALOGY, analogia: proportio (Verro, Cicero): similitudo (likeness, generally).

ANALYSIS, esplicatio; explicatio et enodatio; expositio: a chemical analysis, analysis chemica. To make such an analysis, *ad principia reducere; *in elementa reducere.

ANALYZE, esplicare; explicare et enodare; quasi in membra discerpere. In grammar, to analyze words, *notare singula verba; *syllabas resolvere.

ANAPÆST, anapæstus.

ANAPHORA, anaphora (Donat., Charisius, Diomedes).

ANARCHICAL, An anarchical state, *civitas in qua libido multitudinis oro legibus est; respublica quæ multitudinis arbitrio agitatur (after Sallustius, Jugurtha, 41, 3).

ANARCHY, *effrenata multitudinis licentia,*leges solutæ.

ANATHEMA, anathema, atis (Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Augustus): excommunicatio (Scriptores Ecclesiastici): sacrificiorum interdictio. To pronounce an anathema against any body, aliquem anathematizare, excommunicare (Scriptores Ecclesiastici):aliquem sacrificiis interdicere (vid. Cæsar, B. G., 6, 13): also devovere aliquem (to pronounce a formal curse on any body: opposed to resacrare. Aquæ et ignis interdictio can only be applied to that kind of Roman banishment.)

ANATHEMATIZE. Vid. “to pronounce an anathema” under Anathema.

ANATOCISM, anatocismus (Cicero, ἀνατοκισνός).

ANATOMICAL, anatomicus (late). The anatomical school, theatrum anatomicum (as building).

ANATOMIST, anatomicus (late); *corporum sector.

ANATOMIZE, incidere corpus mortui, ejusque viscera et intestina scrutari (Celsus, præf.); rescindere artus cadaveris (Seneca); insecare aperireque bumana corpora (of an anatomist, Gellius).

ANATOMY, sectio corporum (as action): anatomia, or anatomica, anatomice (Cælius, Macrobius).

ANCESTOR, generis or gentis auctor (the founder of a race or family): unus majorum (one of one’s ancestors): avus (grandfather: poetically, forefather).|| Ancestors, majores: priores: patres:generis or gentis auctores (of the founders of the race or family).

ANCESTRAL, avitus; proavitus. Ancestral pride, naturalis nobilitatis superbia:patricii spiritus.

ANCESTRY, ortus: genus: stirps. Of noble ancestry, nobili genere natus; nobili, haud obscuro loco natus (poetically,splendidis natalibus ortus). The pride of ancestry. Vid. ANCESTRAL.

ANCHOR, ancora (poetically, also figuratively, of a main-stay, etc.): ora (the cable by which a ship was fastened to the shore).To cast anchor, ancoram jacere. The anchor holds, takes hold, ancora subsistit or sidit. To lie or ride at anchor, consistere in ancoris or ad ancoras: stare in ancoris (Livius): navem in ancoris tenere, or in statione babere (of a pilot or crew: of whom was also said, in ancoris commorari or exspectare; the last with dum).To weigh anchor, ancoram or ancoras tollere (αἴρειν τὰς ἀγκὐρας ); Oram solvere(but ancoras solvere, Cicero, A. H., 1, 13, is unusual: ancoras vellere occurs in adoubtful passage, Livius, 22); solvere a terra, or solvere only (navem understood: like λύειν). || Figuratively, to anchor on anything, captare, appetere, concupiscere aliquid.

ANCHOR, v., Intransitive,
constituere navem: consistere in ancoris or ad ancoras (to lie err ride at anchor). Vid. the preceding word. Transitively, navem deligare ad ancoras: a fleet, classem supprimere (Nepos).

AHCHOR-HOLD, Figuratively, = security:ancora (poetically, Fabius ancora ultima erat fessis, Silius Italicus): spea (hope).

ANCHORAGE, *fundus ubi ancora sidere potest: a good anchorage, *egregius ad tenendas ancoras fundus or locus: locus consistendi; statio (place where skips are anchored). || Money paid for anchoring,*vectigal ancorale.

ANCHORET, ANCHORITE, homo solitariua: eremita: anachoreta.To lead the life of an anchoret, vitam solitariam agere.

ANCHOVY, *clupea encrasicolus (Linnæus). Sarda was a kind of tunny. || Anchovy salad, acetarium encrasicolinum.

ANCIENT, vetus (opposed to novus: what has existed for a long time, whether we are speaking in praise or blame): vetustus (old, as an epithet of praise. The comparative vetustior is also regularly used as comparative to vetus): antiquus; very ancient, perantiquus (existing in old times: παλαιός, opposed to recens). (The words are found in this connection and order), vetus et antiquus: priscus (old, primitive: as a solemn word conveying the accessory notion of the sacred respect due to antiquity: ἀπχαῖος. Cascus had the same meaning, but was obsolete in the time of the best prose writers). (The words are found in this connection and order), priscus et vetustus; vetus et priscus; priscus et antiquus: pristinus (existing at a former time: whereas antiquus, priscus denote a time long past): vetulus (of a person considerably advanced in years): veteratus, more commonly inveteratus (having obtained a firm hold by reason of its age;e.g., inveteratum ulcus; malum: amicitia): antiquo artificio factus, antiqui operis (made long ago: of works of art): obsoletus (gone by, out of fashion). (The words are found in this connection and order), antiquus et obsoletus. κυρικιμασαηικο|| The ancient writers, antiqui scriptores (inasmuch as they flourished at a distant age): veteres (inasmuch as they have influenced mankind for 2000 years). An ancient family, genus antiquum: ancient customs, pristini mores:ancient severity, prisca severitas: an ancient and hereditary custom, mos a patribus acceptus: ancient rites or nsetges, cærimoniæ a vetustate acceptæ: ancient institutions, vetera et prisca instituta:the ancient constitution, prisca reipublicæ forma: a pattern of ancient integrity, priscæ probitatis et fidei exemplar; homo antiqua virtute et fide: an ancient history, historia vetus et antiqua. Ancient days, i.e., the good old time, vetus or prior ætas. To put anything on its ancient footing, aliquid in pristinum restituere.|| The ancients, veteres; antiqui; prisci:also priores, superiores: if = our forefathers, majores. Vid. OLD.

ANCIENT, substantive,  || Flag of a ship, insigne navis (vid. Cæsar, B. C., 2, 6): vexillum (as the sign for attacking). Vid. FLAG. || Flag-bearer, signifer: vexillarius (not vexillifer).

ANCIENTLY, olim: quondam (once, formerly: opposed to nunc): antea: antehac (antea before that time: antebac before this time): antiquitus (in ancient days): patrum or majorum memoria (in our fathers’ times).

ANCIENTNESS, Vid. ANTIQUITY.

ANCIENTRY, generis antiquitas.

ANCLE, talus. Reaching to the ancles, talaris (e.g., tunica).

AND, et ( = καί : joins words and notions, each of which is considered independently, and as of equal importance): atque, ac (add what is of somewhat more importance: ac not before vowels or h: very seldom before g, Cicero, Fam., 12, 7): que (= τέ: joins a word closely to another as an appendage to it).”And” at the beginning of indignant questions is et (et quisquam dubitabit, etc.? ). || AND is often untranslated: (1) when it unites single notions of the following kind: (a) in certain combinations of frequent occurrence; e.g., “horse and man,” equi viri: “men and women,” viri mulieres. So ventis remis, etc. (b) Before the last term of an enumeration, when the preceding terms are not connected by “and.” “Our country was preserved by my labors, counsels, and dangers,” patria laboribus, consiliis, pericolis meis servata est “There were present Greeks, Romans, and others,” aderant Græci, Romani, alii. Vid. The particle “and” is, however, inserted before the last term of an enumeration, it being omitted before the others, when that expresses the whole class, to which the preceding terms belong, (c) Between the names of consuls it is sometimes omitted. (2) When “and” connects whole sentences. In English we often connect by “and” sentences that relate to different times, or the latter of which is a consequence of the former, or describes a subsequent action of a person mentioned in the former. Such sentences are in Latin either (a) connected by the relative qui; e.g.,”a messenger came and announced,” venit nuntius, qui nuntiabat: or (b) the subordinate sentence is turned into a participial clause: “he came forward and spoke thus,” in medium prodiens hæc locutus est: “he left the city and retired to his country-house,” urbe relicta in villam se recepit: or (c) causal particles are used, when statements stand to each other in the relation of cause and effect, occasion and consequent action, etc.; e.g., “Xanthippus was sent to aid the Carthaginians, and defended himself bravely”, Xanthippus, quum Cartbaginiensibusauxilio missus esset, fortiter se defendit “I saw him, and immediately recognized him,” postquam eum aspexi, illico cognovi. || AND SO; and ACCORDINGLY: itaque, sometimes que only (to intimate the rapid succession of the second event).|| AND ALSO, et — quoque
(e.g., et sarmenta quoque in merce sunt): nec non (to connect sentences; they should stand separately. They are not used in the best prose to connect two nouns like a simple et). If two adjectives or other attributives are spoken of one noun, “and also” is translated by idemque, et idem (e.g., musicus idemque philosophus). || AND YET, et tamen; atqui (at the beginning of a sentence). || AND THAT, et is, isque : if “and that” relates to a verb or to a whole sentence, idque should be used (negotium magnum est navigare, idque mense Quintili).|| AND NOT, nec or neque; et non; ac non (nec or neque when the negative refers to the whole of the second sentence:et non or ac non, when it belongs more particularly to a single word or notion in it, or when the “and’ is very emphatic: ac non, especially when the notion in the second clause corrects, or is opposed to, anotion in the first ; e.g., “we must use reason, and not follow the distorted rule of custom,” adhibenda est ratio, nec utendum pravissima consuetudinis regula:”it would be tedious and is not necessary to relate,” longum est et non necessariumcommemorare. ” I would write to you at greater length, if the thing needed words, and did not speak for itself,” pluribus verbis ad te scriberem, si res verba desideraret, ac non pro se ipsaloqueretur). Vid., In such a sentence as, “it is A, and not B,” it would be quite wrong to express the “and” in Latin ; e.g. tua culpa factum est, non mea (not tua culpa factum est, et non mea). || AND NOT RATHER, ac non, or ac non potius.|| AND NOBADY; AND NOTHING; AND NEVER, etc., nec quisquam, nec quidquam,nec umquam, if the negative belongs to the whole sentence; et nemo, et nihil, et numquam, when the negative belongs to the single word. || In sentences of parallel construction, e.g., “A does this, and B does that,” etc., the “and” should be translated by autem, which is a weak adversative particle ; e.g., voluptates impellere, quo velit: unde autem velit, deducere: versutos eos appello, quorum mens celeriter versatur, callidos autem, quorum mens — usu concalluit.

ANDROGYNOUS, androgynus, i (Cicero, substantively): feminine, androgyne. Vid. HERMAPHRODITE.

ANECDOTE, fabula: fabella: narratiuncula(a piquant historical narrative):facete, belle dictum or dictum only (ἀπβφθεγμα, bon mot): salse dictum: dictum (of a sarcastic kind).

ANEMOMETER, *aerometrum:*anemometrum.

ANEMONE, anemone.

ANEW, denuo (rare, except in Plautus, Terentius: when what had ceased begins again: νεόθεν, ἐκ καινῆς): de or ab integro (post-Augustan, also ex integro: when what had quite ended or disappeared begins again to exist from the same causes as before; ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς ).

ANEW is often expressed by re in composition: seditio recrudescit (breaks out anew).

ANFRACTUOUS, anfractus habens:currens in ambitum: sinuatus.

ANFRACTURE, anfractus, us.

ANGEL, angelus: minister ac nunciusDei (Scriptores Ecclesiastici). You come like an angel from heaven, venis de cœlo missus. My angel! meæ deliciæ! mea voluptas! mea festivitas (amœnitas)! mea anima (vita)! all in the comic writers.

ANGEL, as adj., ANGELIC, ANGELICAL,*angelicus: cœlestis, divinus: eximius, incomparabilis.

ANGEL SHOT, *globus catenatus.

ANGER, ira: iracundia (of the habit of anger, proneness to anger: also of a violent outbreak of this passionate temper):bilis (properly the gall: hence, metonymically, vexing and irritating displeasure; thefeeling rather than the outward manifestation): stomachus (properly the stomach, as the seat of anger from the overflow of the gall into it: hence, metonymically, for anger, passion): indignatio (anger arising from indignation, and therefore exciting respect): excandescentia (= ira nascens: the waxing angry). Anybody’s violent anger, ira et rabies alicujus. The anger of the gods, iræ cœlestes. For anger, præ ira or iracundia: in anger, per iram; iratus: cum ira: irato animo; ira victus.To be angry, iratum fieri; irritari: ira incendi, excandescere; ira or iracundia ardere (to be inflamed with anger). To excite anybody’s anger, aliquem iratum reddere; iram, bilem, or stomachum alicuimovere; bilem alicui commovere (Cicero); aliquem or alicujus iram irritare.To be under the influence of anger, ira teneri: to give the reins to anger, to surrender one’s self to anger, iracundiæ parere:not to be able to restrain one’s anger, iræ non potentem esse: to give vent to one’s anger in tears, iram or bilem per lacrimas effundere: to vomit forth, or discharge one’s anger against anybody, iram evomere in aliquem; stomachum in aliquem erumpere: to lay aside one’s anger, iram missam facere; iram di- or o-mittere: his anger cools, ira defervescit, defiagrat.Prone to anger, iracundus; ad iram proclivis; præceps in iram.

ANGER, v., facere aliquem iratum; irritare aliquem or alicujus iram: stomachum alicui facere or movere; indignationem alicui movere; bilem alicui movereor commovere: pungere aliquem (to sting a man): offendere aliquem (to annoy: of persons or things): exacerbare aliquem (to make him bitter against anybody): ægre facere alicui (Plautus, Terentius).|| To be angered, etc. Vid. ANGRY.

ANGLE, || mathematical angle, angulus. A right angle, angulus rectus; angulus ad normam respondens. An obtuse angle, angulus obtusus or hebes.

An acute angle, angulus acutus. The angle of the eyes, angulus oculorum. Full of angles, angulosus (technical term, Plinius). A little angle, angellus (Lucretius). || Instrument for fishing. The nearest term is hamus; hamus piscarius (the hook; opposed to nets, etc.), or arundo(rod).

ANGLE, v., hamo piscari: hamo pieces capere: arundine pisces captare (with a rod, Ovidius, Met., 8, 217). Improperly, to fish for any thing, captare, aucupari aliquid.

ANGLER, piscator (general term): qui hamo piscatur; qui arundine captat pisces, etc. Vid. to ANGLE.

ANGLE-ROD, arundo.

ANGLICISM, *proprietas Britannici sermonis.

ANGOR, angor.

ANGRILY, irate: irato animo: iracunde.To look angrily at anybody, iratis oculis or truci vultu aliquem intueri.

ANGRY, iratus (angry: also of things that betray a person’s anger; e.g., oculi):with anybody, alicui: iræ plenus (full of wrath: of persons): ira incensus, or accensus, or incitatus, or flagrans: iracundia inflammatus (inflamed with anger: of high degrees of passion): minax, trux (threatening, wild, fierce: of looks, etc.).|| To be angry, iratum esse; with or against any body, iratum or offensum esse alicui. He is angry with me, ilium iratum habeo. They are angry with each other, ira inter eos intercessit. To grow angry, irasci, iratum fieri; indignari; stoinachari; ira incendi, or exacerbari, orexcandescere: iracundia exardescere, inflammari, efferri. To make anybody angry, facere aliquem iratum; irritare aliquem or alicujus iram: exacerbare aliquem.To make anybody angry against anybody, aliquem facere alicui iratum.I am angry at anything, aliquid mihi stomacho est; aliquid ægre fero (in comedy, aliquid mihi or meo animo ægre est); aliquid mihi molestum est; aliquid me pungit; aliquid me male habet. I felt more angry about it than Quintus himself, hæc mihi majori stomacho, quam ipsi Quinto fuerunt. || To be angry (of wounds), inflammari.

ANGUISH, angor: anxietas: stimuli doloris.To suffer anguish, angi: about anything, animo angi de aliqua re: about anybody, angorem capere pro aliquo.To suffer great anguish, angore confici, æstuare; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri; angi intimis sensibus. To be tortured with anguish, angore cruciari.

ANGULAR, angularis (having angles):angulatus (formed with angles): angulosus (having many angles).

ANGULARITY, by circumlocution, e.g., from its angularity, ex eo, quod angulatum or angulosum est.

ANGULARNESS. Vid. ANGULARITY.

ANGULATED, anarulatus.

ANGULOSITY. Vid. ANGULARITY.

ANGULOUS, angulosus.

ANGUST. Vid. NARROW.

ANGUSTATION, by circumlocution with angustare (Plinius).

ANHELATION, anhelatio (Plinius).

ANIGHTS, nocte: noctu: nocturno tempore.

ANILENESS, ANILITY, anilitas (Catullus).

ANIMADVERSION, || reproof, censure, animadversio. To escape animadversion, animadversionem effugere (Cicero).Vid. REPROOF. || Punishment, animadversio (in aliquem). (The words are found in this connection and order), animadversio et castigatio. The censor’s or dictator’s animadversions, animadversiones censoriæ, dictatoriæ. Vid. PUNISHMENT.||Perception, animadversio. Vid. PERCEPTION.

ANIMADVERT, || censure or punish a fault, animadvertere aliquid: upon, a person, animadvertere in aliquem.

ANIMADVERTER, animadversor (e.g., vitiorum).

ANIMAL, animal, animans (any living creature; animal, as belonging by nature to the class of living creatures; animans, as being now alive. The gender of animans is determined by the subject of which it is supposed to be spoken; hence plural animantia or animantes): bestia (irrational animal; opposed to homo): belua (a great unwieldy animal; as elephant, lion, tiger; whale, and other sea-monsters.In Cicero., 2, N. D., 12, 9, for bestia): pecus, udis, feminine (domestic animals—bullock, sheep, etc.; opposed to belua, fera): a wild animal, bestia fera or fera only (opposed to cicur or pecus): belua fera (of one of the class described under belua, living in a wild state; opposed to pecus): belua silvestris (opposed to belua agrestis, dwelling in forests). To paint animals very well, prosperrime bestias exprimere (after Plinius, 35, 11, 40, §133). The animal creation, genus animalium or bestiarum; genus animantium; animalia. || A stupid animal, pecus (ŭdis).

ANIMAL, as adjective, animalis (endowed with life). || Belonging to living creatures: by genitive, animantium. Animal fire, ignis, qui est in corporibus animantium. Animal life, vita, quæ spiritu et corpore continetur. || Peculiar to the brute creation: by genilite, beluarum or pecudum (beluinus, bestialis not found in classical prose; e.g., animal instinct, beluarum or pecudum ritus).Improperly, gross, sensual, etc.: by genitive corporis. Animal pleasures, lusts, etc., corporis voluptates, libidines.

ANIMALCULE, bestiola (animalculum
is without any old authority): very small animalcules, immensæ subtilitatis animalia.

ANIMATE, || make alive, etc., animare.|| Incite, etc., excitare, incitare (excite, incite): incendere (to set a man on, fire): injicere alicui aliquid (e.g., hope, eagerness to fight, etc.): implere aliquem aliqua re (to fill any body with anything):erigere aliquem in or ad spem (of filling him with hope): alicujus studium incitare; alicujus animum erigere, etc. To be animated, acriorem fieri, etc.

ANIMATE, adj., animatus, animans, animalis. Vid. ANIMAL, adj.

ANIMATED, || endowed with life, animatus; animans; animalis. || Lively, vigorous, vividus, vegetus: alacer ad aliquid. || As participle, incensus aliqua re (amore, officio, etc.): impletus aliqua re (e.g., spe animoque).

ANIMATION, by circumlocution, e.g., by genitive animandi, etc. (animatio, Tertullianus, etc., in Cicero, metonymically). || Liveliness, vis:gravitas: vehementia (all three of animation in speaking): alacritas, etc.

ANIMATIVE, vitalis (promoting or containing life; e.g., vitalis vis): in vivum calorem revocans (poetically, Ovidius, Met., 4, 247).

ANIMATOR, by circumlocution (animator, Tertullianus, etc.).

ANIMOSITY, odium: invidia: simultas: ira. [SYN. in HATRED]. To feel, cherish, entertain animosity against anybody, odisse aliquem: odium in aliquem habere or gerere: alicui invidere: in simultate esse cum aliquo. He entertains a feeling of bitter animosity against anybody, acerbissimum est alicujus odium in aliquem. To conceive animosity against anybody, odium in aliquem concipere or erga aliquem suscipere. Look for other phrases in HATRED.

ANISE, anisum (Pimpinella anisum, Linnæus).

ANKER, *amphora dimidiata.

ANKLE, talus. Reaching to the ankles, talaris (e.g., tunica).

ANNALIST, annalium scriptor.

ANNALS, annales. The annals of history, historiæ monumenta.

ANNATS, primitiæ (first-fruits of anything).

ANNEAL, vitrum coloribus pingere; vitro picturam inurere. The art of annealing, ars vitrum coloribus pingendi ac picturam inurendi (after Plinius, 35, 11, 41).

ANNEX, annectera, adjungere aliquid ad aliquid or alicui rei: addere, adjicere, agglutinare: subjicera aliquid alicui rei:copulare aliquid cum aliqua re. Vid. ADD.

ANNEX, s., accessus: accessio. Vid. ADDITION.

ANNEXATION, adjunctio; appositio:accessio: adjectio [SYN. in ADDITION]:annexio (late: Palladius, Martialis) ; annexus, us (Tacitus).

ANNEXMENT, || Vid. ANNEXATION|| Vid. ADDITION.

ANNIHILABLE, qui deleri potest.

ANNIHILATE, delere (urbem, hostes, etc.): exstinguere (extinguish: spem, etc.): tollere (remove out of the way). Sometimes evertere, subvertere. [Vid. DESTROY.] To annihilate an army, ad internecionem delere, redigere, adducere or cædere occidione cædere or occidere.To be annihilated, funditus interire: totum perire (to perish utterly); ad internecionem venire or pervenire (by a pestilence, etc.).

ANNIHILATION, deletio; exstinctio; interitus (death): excidium (tragical end).

ANNIVERSARY, s., festi dies annivarsarii: sacra anniversaria.

ANNIVERSARY, adj.. anniversarius (returning every year: annuus is, lasting a year).

ANNOISANCE, Vid. NUISANCE.

ANNOTATE, annotare (e.g., pauca de aliqua re). Vid. ANNOTATION.

ANNOTATION, annotatio (technical term of post-Augtustan, Grammaticus): *scholion (an explanatory note: σχόλιον, Græc. in Cicero, Att., 16, 7, 3): explicatio: interpretatio.[Nota, properly, the censor’s mark, i.e., censure, is defended by Hand and Weber as having been long used as a technical term.] To write a few annotations, pauca annotare (de aliqua re): on a book, commentari librum (Suetonius, Gram., 2 ); commentaria in librum componere (Gellius, 2, 6, beg.).

ANNOTATOR, interpres, explanator (writer of explanatory remarks): enarrator (a commentator who explains the meaning of a writer). Vid. Annotator, in Plinius, is one who notes a thing.

ANNOUNCE, nunciare: renunciare (the proper words: renunciare, especially when the announcement is the consequence of a commission, or the repetition of information received): aliquem certiorem facere de re (give him information about it): promulgare (to make publicly known):pronunciare ( to proclaim publicly): obnunciare (to announce unpleasant occurrences): denunciare (to make a threatening announcement):
indicare: significare (by letter, per literas): docere, edocere, aliquem aliquid or (less commonly) de aliqua re ( to give a person accurate information about a particular circumstance): perscribere aliquid alicui or ad aliquem:mittere aliquo or ad aliquem (to send an announcement by letter or a messenger; with the accusative and infinitive of mere intelligence; ut, if it is a command). || To announce with authority, what is to be followed or attended to: imperare (to command): edicere (to make publicly known by a written or oral proclamation):proponere (to make known by a public notice).”Brutus has announced that I may expect Spinther today,” hodie Spintherum exspecto; misit enim Brutus ad me. To announce a person, nunciare aliquem venturum esse or venire (of a future or approaching arrival respectively); nunciare aliquem venisse or adesse: nunciare alicujusadventum (of an actual arrival).To announce a book, librum proponere (if it is in preparation); librum indicare (if it is out: both of the bookseller).

ANNOUNCEMENT, nunciatio: renunciatio: significatio: denunciatio: indicium: promulgatio: pronunciatio (all as action. Vid. the verbs under Announce).

ANNOY, negotium facessere, negotium or molestiam exhibere alicui: anybody with any thing, obtundere aliquem aliqua re (e.g., literis, rogitando): obstrepere alicui (e.g.. literis): with entreaties, precibus fatigare aliquem: molestiam alicui afferre; molestia aliquem afficere; alicui aliqua re molestum or gravem esse.Sometimes agitare, exagitare, vexare, commovere, sollicitare, etc. [Vid. VEX.] I fear that I annoy you, vereor ne tibi gravis sim. This annoys me, hoc male me babet: hoc me commovet, pungit. || Injure, damno or detrimento esse: obesse:officere.

ANNOYANCE, molestia: onus (burden): cura (anxiety). To cause annoyance to anybody, molestiam alicui afferre, exhibere; molestia aliquem afficere: some annoyance, aliquid aspergere molestiæ (i.e., as a drawback; the other circumstances being of a favorable or happy kind).|| An annoyance, onus, incommodum.To be an annoyance to anybody, alicui esse molestiæ (Plautus), oneri (Livius), onerarealiquem (Cicero), to anything.

ANNOYER, circumlocution by verbs under ANNOY: qui alicui negotium facessit, etc.

ANNUAL, annuus (lasting a year ; takingplace throughout the whole year: alsoaunalis, Var.) : anniversarius (returningat the expiration of a year : in this senseannuus is poetical). Annual festivals, sacraanniversaria : festi dies anniversarii.

ANNUALLY, quotannis: singulis annis:in singulos annos (for every year).

ANNUITY, reditus status (statum raitum præstare. Plinius, Ep., 2, 19, 5): annua, orum, or annua pecunia (general term, Seneca, Ben., 1,9, 4; Tacitus, Ann., 13, 34, 1):merces annua (if in payment of services).To settle an annuity on anybody, annua or annuam pecuniam alicui statuere, constituere. To pay anybody an annuity, annua alicui præbere or præstare. To allow anybody an annuity of 500,000 sesterces, offerre alicui in singulos annosquingena sestertia; aliquem quingenis sestertiis annuis sustentare. To receive, from the prince an annuity of 250,000 sesterces, ducenta quinquaginta HS annua mercede sunt mihi apud principem (of a salary rather than an annuity).

ANNUITANT, *qui annuis or annua pecunia sustentator.

ANNUL, tollere (the proper word of annulling a law, office, tax, judgment, etc.): abolere (verb historical, to annul laws, customs, religion, wills: not found in Cicero.):abrogare (by the authority of the people :a law, decree, a magistracy): inducere (to strike out, cancel: a resolution, decree, contract, etc.): solvere, dissolvere, resolvere (a custom, friendship, military discipline):pervertere (overthrow ; e.g., rights, justice):funditus tollere (remove quite away):delere (blot out ; destroy utterly).

ANNULAR, ANNULARY, no exact word. Sometimes in orbem circumactus: in orbem sinuatus [annularis, annnlarius, mean, “relating to a ring:” orbicularis, circularis, late].

ANNULET, annulus (ring): anellus (diminutive). || Round ornament on the capital of a (Doric) pillar, annulus (Vitruvius):astragalus.

ANNUMERATE, annumerare (Ciceero).

ANNUMERATION, circumlocution by annumerare (annumeratio, Digesta).

ANNUNCIATE, annunciare (Plinius). Vid. ANNOUNCE.

ANNUNCIATION. Vid. ANNOUNCEMENT [annunciatio, Lactantius].

ANODYNE, dolorem sedans, finiens:anodynos or -us (Celsus, anodynos medicamentum).|| An anodyne, anodynon (Marcelius Empiricus, 25).

ANOINT, ungere: inungere; perungere (all aliquid aliqua re): unguentis oblinere.

ANOINTER, unctor.

ANOINTING, unctio: inunctio (as act):unctura ( with reference to the kind or manner of anointing).

ANOMALOUS, enormis (irregularly arranged or built; e.g., vicus, Tacitus, post-Augustan): anomalus (irregular as to declension or conjugation). Sometimes incompositus, inusitatus.

ANOMALY, anomalia (ἀνωμαλια, Varro):inæquabilitas (Varro): inæqualitas (Gellius, all three of declension, conjugation, etc.):enormitas (irregular arrangement,Quintilianus):minus apta compositio (want of symmetry; e.g.. in the body).

ANON, || quickly, soon, confestim, illico, extemplo, statim, continuo. Vid. SOON. || Sometimes, now and then, interdum. Vid. SOMETIMES.

ANONYMOUS, An anonymous letter, literæ sine nomine scriptæ. Anonymous poems, carmina incertis auctoribus vuIgata.

Anonymous verses, sine auctore versus. An anonymous writing or book, libellus sine auctore: *sine auctoris nomine emissus.

ANONYMOUSLY, sine nomine; sine auctore: incerto auctore.

AN0REXY, *ἀνορεξία, ut Græco verbo utar: fastidium cibi expresses more; i.e., positive loathing.

ANOTHER, alius: alter (another of two: alter must also be used when another is indefinite, but the action is done to or with but one other person; e.g., si cum altero contrahas: exitium alteri parare):diversus (= different). Another person’s, another’s, alienus (e.g., alienum puerum pro suo tollere). In such expressions as “another Cato,” etc., alter or novus (e.g.. alter Hannibal: novus Camillus: alius not till Silver Age). Another world, orbis alienus (Plinius, i.e., another, strange, and virtually different, world). To adopt another plan, consilium mutare. || At another time, alias; alio tempore. At another place, alibi (in this sense alias once in Cicero, Att., 16, 11, 7). To another place, alio. In another manner, aliter. But more of this another time, sed hæc alias ploribus. || ONE ANOTHER, alius alii, or alium, or (if there are two only) alter alteri, or alterum (i.e., one — to the other; or one — the other) inter se (or, if the nominative is “we,” “you,” inter nos, inter vos; when the predicate is spoken of a person or persons expressed in the nominative or accusative in that sentence; seldom in any other case). Vid. Observe, “We know one another,” is novimus nos or novimus nos inter nos; but “they know one another,” is never noverunt se (which is, “to know themselves”) or noverunt se inter se. To fear one another, timere inter se. Inter nos, inter se, are even sometimes joined attributively to substantives; e.g., ad hæsitationes atomorum inter se. Inter ipsos (when there is an opposition, expressed or implied, between the subjects spoken of and others). Fidelity to one another, fides inter ipsos (Suetonius). So societas bominum inter ipsos, Cicero: mutuo (mutually, reciprocally: invicem is unclassical in this sense, and vicissim has no such meaning):ultro et citro: ultro citroque: ultro citro (=ab utraque parte. Observe, ultro citro is post-Augustan). To love one another, amare inter se: inter se diligere (invicem or mutuo diligere are post-classical: vicissim diligere, founded on a misapprehension of Cicero, Læl., 9. 30, is wrong). To look at one another, inter se aspicere.|| One after another, deinceps. Vid. EACH other.

ANSWER, respondere, to anything, ad aliquid or alicui rei (properly, by word of mouth:opposed to rescribere; then by word of mouth, or by letter): responsum dare, edere, reddere (give an answer):rescribere, to anything, ad aliquid or alicui rei (to give a written answer to a writtenquestion): excipere aliquem or alicujus sermonem (to take up the discourse it can only imply that an answer is given to the preceding one). To answer an objection, referre: reponere: respondere contra aliquid: id quod opponitur refutare: respondere de jure: responsitare (to answer legal questions whenever applied to: of jurists): respondere: se defendere:se porgare (to answer an accusation: criminibus respondere). To answer a question or questions, respondere ad interrogata (rogata) or ad ea, quæ: quæsita sunt: not to answer, non respondere:tacere: obmutescere: to answer nothing, nullum responsum dare: nullum verbum respondere: omnino nihil respondere:to answer boldly, fiercely, etc., fortiter, audacter, ferociter respondere: to answer courteously (by litter), rescribere humanissime.It is easy to answer this, hujus rei facilis et promta est responsio. || To answer anybody again, respondere alicui: obloqui alicui: par pari respondere (to grva him as good as he brings, Plautus). || To answer (= be accountable) for anything, rationem reddere alicujus rei or de aliqua re. || To answer for (= be surety for) anybody or anything, intercedere pro aliquo (also intercedere peconiam pro aliquo: to be his surety by consenting to forfeit a sum of money if he does not perform the thing in question):præstare aliquem, aliquid or de re (to be surety, to answer for, in a wider sense):spondere, fidem interponere, pro aliquo: vadem tieri ejus sistendi (to answer for anybody’s appearance): prædem fieri pro aliquo and alicujus rei: obsidem alicujus rei fieri: also vadem se dare alicui pro aliquo. [SYN. in SURETY.] I will answer for it, that, præstabo with accusative and infinitive. || To answer to one’s name, ad nomen respondere; vocatum (participle) respondere. || Correspond to, suit with, respondere alicui rei, or absolutely: ex altera parte alicui rei respondere (to be its counterpart): concinere: congruere: convenire. [SYN. in AGREE.] To answer men’s expectations, opinioni bominum respondere. The event does not answer his expectations, eventus alicui non respondet ad spem; res longe aliter, ac quis ratus erat (or speraverat), evenit. There is no Latin word which answers more nearly to the Greek ἡδονή than voluptas: nullum verbum inveniri potest, quod magis idem declarat Latine, quod Græce ἡδονή, quam declarat voluptas. To answer the demands or claims of one’s creditors, creditoribus satisfacere: creditores absolvere or dimittere (Gierig, Plin., Ep., 2, 4. 2). To answer anybody’s expectation, exspectationem alicujus explere; respondere alicujus exspectationi (opposed to decipere alicujus exspectationem, not to answer, etc.). || To answer for (= serve for) anything, pro aliqua re esse or esse posse: alicui rei or ad aliquam rem utile esse (of being useful for a purpose). Sometimes usui esse ad aliquid idoneum esse ad aliquid, or bonum esse alicui rei or ad aliquid. ||
To succeed well, prospere cedere, prospere, or bene, or pulchre procedere; prosperesuccedere, or succedere only. || Answer like an echo, resonare (gloria virtuti resonat tamquam imago, Cicero). || A ship does not answer to the helm, non habilis est gubernaculo (Velleius): impatiens est gubernaculi (Curtius).
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|| = to succeed, respondere (e.g., aliquid …. quod non ubique fortasse, sed saepius tamen etiam respondeat, Celsus, praefatio). Vid. SUCCEED.