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EX LIBRĪS
JOHANNIS FLETCHER PER DUO ET VĪGINTĪ ANNŌS LINGUAE LATĪNAE IN COLLĒGIŌ(abl.) ŪNIVERSITĀTIS(gen.) PROFESSŌRIS(gen.):
QUĪ MĒNSE JULIO A.D. MDCCCCXVII MORTUUS EST:
LIBROS QUOS ILLE(nominat.) PENITUS AMĀVERAT UXOR ET FILII EJUS COLLEGIO(dat.) AMATO DONAVERUNT.
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DULCES EXUVIAE DUM FATA DEUS-QUE SINĒBANT. — Vergilius, Aeneis, IV.
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A COPIOUS AND CRITICAL ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON,
FOUNDED ON THE GERMAN-LATIN DICTIONARY OF DR. CHARLES ERNEST GEORGES.
BY THE REV. JOSEPH ESMOND RIDDLE, M.A., of ST. EDMUND HALL, OXFORD, AUTHOR OF “A CONPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY,” etc.,
AND THE REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., RECTOR OF LYNDON, AND LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
First American Edition, Carefully Revised, AND CONTAINING A COPIOUS DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES FROM THE BEST SOURCES,
BY CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
NEW YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
FRNKLIN SQUARE, 1864.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, by Harper & Brothers, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York.
TO WILLIAM HAWKESWORTH, AA.M., PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN THE COLLEGE Of CHARLESTON, S. C., This Work is Dedicated AS A MEMOLIAL OF LONG-ESTABLISHED FRIENDSHIP, AND A TOKEN OF REGARD FOR SOUND CLASSICAL ACQUIREMENTS AND THE MOST EXEMPLARY PRIVATE WORTH.
PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
The present work will be found to supply a desideratum that has long been felt by the classical student. The preface of the English editors will show the various sources whence they have culled their materials; while an examination of the volume itself will convince anyone how successfully they have accomplished the object which they proposed to themselves in preparing it. We have had, in fact, no work before this, on the same subject, in the English language, at all deserving of being compared with the present one, and it is to be hoped that the wretched compilations which have hitherto been used will be now completely discarded. No teacher, indeed, can retain them after this, who is conscientious in his vocation, and sincere in his efforts for the improvement of his pupils. It seems unnecessary, at the present day, to say any thing in favor of frequent practice in Greek and Latin composition. No one can be an accurate scholar without it. Whether a work like the present one is likely to be a useful aid in pursuing such a practice, the following remarks of Lipsius will satisfactorily decide : “Lectio non sufficit, imo nec felicissima memoria; sed opus est excerptis quibusdam et notis rerum verborumque singularium, quas imitemur. Quæ excerpta memorialibus libellis, tanquam ærario, contineri velim, unde sermonis illæ opes per tempus et ad usum promantur.”— Epist. Institut., c. xii.
In preparing the present edition for the press, numerous corrections have been silently made in the body of the work, and various improvements introduced, all tending to make the volume a still more useful one. What will be found, however, to give the American edition a decided advantage over the English work, is the Dictionary of Proper Names, which is wanting in the latter. This has been prepared from the best sources, but more particularly from
Quicherat’s “Vocabulaire des Noms Geographiques, Mythologiques, et Historiques de la Langue Latine,”
Mühlmann’s ” Verzeichniss der geographischen, mythologischen, und geschichtlichen Namen,”
Freund’s “Wörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache,”
Klotz’s “Handwörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache” (as far as published),
Sharpe’s “Nomenclator Poeticus,”
Leusden’s “Onomasticon,” etc., and
Bischoff und Möller’s “Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie.”
It remains but to add that the present work has enjoyed the careful supervision of the editor’s learned and accurate friend and colleague, Professor Drisler, a circumstance of no small importance as regards the utility of the book.
Columbia College, Sept. 1, 1849.
[013]
PREFACE TO THE LONDON EDITION.
The work, now at length completed, has cost us many years of labor — labor that has often seemed almost hopeless.
A very slight inspection of it will show that it aims at a far higher standard of accuracy and completeness than any of its English predecessors. Indeed, it can hardly be said to have had any predecessor in its own kind; for no English-Latin Dictionary hitherto published has even professed to give any account of the use of words set down, their synonymical distinctions, the niceties connected with their employment by classical writers, with such remarks and cautions as a cursory glance at any important word in the following work will prove that it has at least attempted to supply.
The title-page states that it is founded upon the German-Latin Dictionary of Dr. Charles Ernest Georges, of which the first edition was published at Leipsio in 1833; the third in 1845. That work consists of two octavo volumes, usually bound together in one very thick volume of 1820 pages. Dr. Georges had a predecessor of great merit in Dr. Frederic Charles Kraft. As, however, the only edition of Kraft’s Dictionary that we have consulted is the fourth edition (“remodelled and enlarged”), which appeared at Stuttgard in 1843, we can not state exactly how far Dr. Georges is indebted to the earlier editions of Kraft’s work, which, in its present form, is the most copious of all the German-Latin Dictionaries, consisting of two very thick octavo volumes, which contain respectively 1426 and 1509 pages. Though we have occasionally consulted Kraft with benefit, we are decidedly of opinion that Georges is considerably superior to him in clearness of arrangement, and in the combination of sufficient fullness with a sound principle of selection ; nor do we hesitate to give the preference to Georges even on the ground of scrupulous accuracy, though the occasional instances of inaccuracy that we have detected in Kraft are very rare exceptions to the general character of his work. Dr. Mühlmann, who published a German-Latin Dictionary in 1845, is almost entirely dependent upon Georges.
With respect to other helps, the “Anti-barbarus” of Krebs, Döderlein’s “Synonymical Hand-book,” and Freund’s “Wörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache,” have been our constant companions.
We have also derived considerable assistance from
Bonnell’s “Lexicon Quintilianeum;”
and have often consulted with advantage
Haase’s notes to Reisig’s “Vorlesungen,”
Hand’s “Tursellinus,” and
Krüger’s “Grammatik der Lateinischen Sprache.”
Among other works, of which we have occasionally made use, we may mention
Billerbeck’s ” Flora Classica,”
Krans’s “Medicinisches Lexicon,”
Ernesti’s “Lexicon Technologiæ Latinorum Rhetoricæ,”
with Crusius’s “Vollständiges Wörterbuch” to Cæsar, and
Billerbeck’s to Cornelius Nepos.
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About 150 pages of the work were printed off before either of us became aware that the other was engaged in the same task, and was drawing his materials from the same sources. For that portion of the work Mr. Arnold alone is answerable. When a joint publication was resolved upon, the portion (A—C), which Mr. Riddle had but recently sent to press, was withdrawn, and we exchanged the materials that each had prepared for the half which was to be executed by the other; but, to speak generally, Mr. Arnold is responsible for the first half, from A to K (inclusive), and for the letter U ; Mr. Riddle for the remainder. Mr. Arnold has to thank W. Frädersdorff, Esq., of the University of Berlin, for very useful assistance rendered to him during the progress of the work. Mr. Riddle has also some acknowledgments to make to the same gentleman, and is still more indebted to his own brother, the Rev. John B. Riddle, M.A., of Wadham College, Oxford.
We are very conscious that the work is still far from perfect ; but we feel a just confidence, founded upon the excellence of Georges’s Dictionary, and a consciousness of our own diligence, that it possesses the general merit of strict accuracy, and is the only English-Latin Dictionary that a student can consult with the reasonable hope of finding what he wants, and the certainty of being able to trust what he finds.
A copious Dictionary of Proper Names, to complete the work, will be published separately.
[015]
I. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Cic. = Cicero.
H., Hor. = Horace, Horatius
Liv. = Livy, Livius
Nep. = Nepos.
Ovid., Ov. = Ovid, Ovidius
Q., Quint. = Quintilian.
S., Sall. = Sallust. Sallustius
Tac. = Tacitus.
Virg. = Virgil, Vergilius
The names of other authors are abridged in the usual way, Cœs., Ter., Plin.,etc. When Plin. stands without “Ep.” (= Epistles), the Natural History of the elder Pliny is meant.
Auct. Herenn. = the author of the “Rhetorica ad Herennium,” among Cicero’s works.
Cod. Theod., Cod. Just. = Code of Roman laws drawn up by command of Theodosius and Justinian respectively.
Dig. = Digests (the body of Roman laws).
Inscript. Orell. = Orelli’s Collection of Latin Inscriptions.
* prefixed to a word or phrase means that it is not found in a classical author, but is the best substitute the compilers can give. Very many phrases to which this note is prefixed are from Muretus, Ruhnken, Wyttenbach, etc. Kraft has been very industrious in collecting these.
The meaning of a phrase printed thus: Vid. “make WAY for” is, See the phrase “make way for,” under WAY.
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II. LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ROMAN AUTHORS. *
[Extracted from F. Passow’s Grundzüge der Griechischen und Römischen Literatur und Kunstgeschichte]
B.C. (about)
240. Livius Andronīcus (ca. 284 B.C. – 204 B.C.), exhibits the first play at Rome.
235. Cnæus (Gnæus) Nævius (270 B.C. – 201 B.C.).
212. Quintus Fabius Pictor (254 B.C. – 201 B.C.).
204. Cnæus (Gnæus) Nævius banished from Rome.
201. Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Censor, Cato the Elder) (234 B.C. – 149 B.C.).
Quintus Ennius (239 B.C. – 169 B.C.).
Titus Maccius Plautus (ca. 254 B.C. – 184 B.C.).
184. Death of Titus Maccius Plautus.
166. Publius Terentius Afer (ca. 195/185 B.C. – ca. 159? B.C.).
149. Marcus Pacuvius (220 B.C. – 130 B.C.).
Attius Tullus Aufidius (early fifth century B.C.).
133. Lucius Afranius (au début du Ier siècle av., – 46 B.C.).
130. Gaius Lucilius (180, 168 or 148 B.C. – 103 B.C.).
77. Titus Lucretius Carus (ca. 99 B.C. – ca. 55 B.C.).
64. Marcus Terentius Varro (116 B.C. – 27 B.C.).
63. Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 B.C. – 43 B.C.).
48. Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca. 84 B.C. – ca. 54 B.C.).
44. Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86 B.C. – ca. 35 B.C.).
Cornelius Nepos (ca. 110 B.C. – ca. 25 B.C.). The age of the work that goes under his name is disputed.
Aulus Hirtius (90 B.C. – 43 B.C.).
31. Cæsar Octavianus Augustus (63 B.C. – 14 A.D).
AUGUSTAN AGE.
B.C.
28. Publius Vergilius Maro (Virgil, 70 B.C. – 19 B.C.).
Publius Horatius Cocles.
A.D.
1. Albius Tibullus (ca. 55 B.C. – 19 B.C.).
Sextus Propertius (50–45 B.C. – after 15 B.C.).
Pūblius Ovidius Nāsō (43 B.C. – 17 or 18 A.D.).
Titus Livius (Livy, 64 or59 B.C. – 12 or 17 A.D.).
Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus.
Quintus Curtius Rufus (according to Aulus Hirtius and Karl Gottlob Zumpt, See A.D. 41, 69, 193).
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (ca. 80–70 B.C. – after ca. 15 B.C.).
Publius Rutilius Lupus.
12. The Fasti Capitolini and Fasti Prænestini.
(Name of reigning Emperor.)
Claudius Tiberius Nero (85 B.C. – 33 B.C.).
14. Monumentum Ancyranum.
15. Lucius (or Marcus) Annæus Seneca (father, ca. 54 B.C. – ca. 39 A.D.).
Velleius Paterculus (19 B.C. – ca. 31 A.D.).
Valerius Maximus.
Gaius Julius Phædrus fabulist (Phæder, Passow, ca. 15 B.C. – ca. 50 A.D.).
Emperor Caius (Gaius) Cæsar Caligula (12 A.D. – 41 A.D.).
37. Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca. 25 B.C. – ca. 50 A.D.).
Tiberius Claudius (10 B.C. – AD 54 A.D.).
41. Pomponius Mela (? – ca. 45 A.D.).
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (4 A.D. – ca. 70 A.D.).
Scribonius Largus (ca. 1 – ca. 50).
Asconius Pedianus (ca. 9 B.C. – ca. 76 A.D.).
Quintus Curtius Rufus (according to Aulus Hirtius, Karl Gottlob Zumpt, See A.D. 41. 69, 193).
Quintus Remmius (Rhemnius) Fannius Palæmon (ca. 5 – 65).
Nero Claudius Cæsar (37 A.D. – 68 A.D.).
54. Lucius Annæus Seneca (son, ca. 4 B.C. – 65 A.D.).
Aulus Persius Flaccus (34 A.D. – 62 A.D.).
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (Lucain 39 A.D. – 65 A.D.).
Silius Italicus (26 A.D. – 101 A.D.).
Gaius Petronius Arbiter (ca. 27 A.D. – 66 A.D.) (according to the usual belief. See A.D.222).
Titus Flavius Vespasianus (39-81)
69. Plinius Major (23 or 24 A.D. – 79 A.D.)
Quintus Curtius Rufus (according to Buttmann).
Gaius Valerius Flaccus (45 A.D. – 90 A.D.).
(Name of reigning Emperor.)Titus Flavius Domitianus (Domitian 51 – 96).
A.D.
81. Publius Papinius Statius (ca. 45 – ca. 96).
Decimus Junius Juvenalis (55 – 127?).
Marcus Valerius Martialis (38/41 – 102/104).
Terentianus Maurus (as generally supposed. 260).
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (ca. 35 – ca. 100).
Marcus Ulpius Traianus (ca. 29 – before 98)
98. Publius Cornelius Tacitus (ca. 56 – ca. 120).
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (ca. 69 – after 122).
Lucius Annaeus Florus (ca 74 – 130).
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23/24 – 79).
Javolenus Priscus (Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus ).
Publius Ælius Hadrianus (76 – 138).
138. Sextus Pomponius.
Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (86 – 161).
Gaius (ca. 120 – ca. 180).
Justinus (Marcus Junianus Justinus Frontinus).
Aulus Gellius (ca. 125 – after 180).
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus philosophus (121 – 180).
161. Lucius Caecilicus Minutianus Appuleius.
Lucius Septimius Severus (145 – 211).
193. Domitius Ulpianus (ca. 170 – 223).
Julius Paulus Prudentissimus.
Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (ca. 155 – ca. 220)[christian writer]
Quintus Curtius Rufus (according to Niebuhr).
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (208 – 235)
222. Gaius Petronius Arbiter (27 – 66)(according to Niebuhr).
Cœlius Apicius (cookery).
Marcus Minucius Felix (died ca. 250)[christian writer].
Thascius Cœcilius Cyprianus [christian writer].
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268).
260. Terentianus Maurus (according to Niebuhr).
Commodianus [christian writer].
Arnobius (240?-304?) [christian writer].
Lucius Cœlius Firmianus Lactantius (ca. 250 – ca. 325) [christian writer].
CONSTANTINUS MAGNUS (ca. 272 – 337).
350. Hilarius Pictaviensis (ca. 315 – 368) [christian writer].
358. Sextus Aurelius Victor (ca. 320 – ca. 390).
Flavius Claudius Julianus (331 or 332 – 363).
361. Flavius Eutropius (died 399).
Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, ca. 342/347 – 420) [christian writer].
Ammianus Marcellinus (ca. 330 - 391/400).
Ambrosius Josippus [christian writer].
Theodosius I (347 – 395).
[Alaricus ca. 370 – 410 in Rome]
379. Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis (354 – 430) [christian writer].
409. Cælius Aurelianus (physician).
438. Codex Theodosianus.
(Theodoric (454 – 526), king of the Ostrogoths, 493.)
510. Priscianus Caesariensis Grammaticus.
Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus (482 – 565).
527. Corpus Juris Justinianeum (528-534).
____________________________
William Smith 1870 Abbreviations
The dates in this List are derived, in most cases, from Dr. Smith’s Biographical Dictionary: but they must, in many instances, be regarded as at best only approximations to the true eras of the writers.
a, or act., active, actively.
abbrev., abbreviated, abbreviation.
abl., ablative.
absol. or abs., absolute, absolutely, i. e., without case or adjunct.
abstr., abstract.
acc., accusative or according.
Acta Syn. Dord., Acta Synodi Dordrechtensis.
adj., adjective, adjectively.
adv., adverb, adverbial, adverbially, or adversus (against).
Aem. Mac., Aemilius Macer, poet oblit, B.C. 16.
Afran., Lucius Afranius, writer of comedy, floruit B.C. 94.
Aggen. Aggenus Urbicus, writer on husbandry, circa A.D. 4th cent.
Ains., Ai., Ainsworth’s Latin dictionary.
al, alii or alia, others or other.
al. leg., alii legunt.
Albin., Caius Pedo Albinovanus, poet, floruit A.D. 8.
Alcim., Alcimus Avitus, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 360.
Alfen., Publius Alfenus Varus, lawyer, floruit B.C. 22.
analog., analogous, analogously.
anat., anatomical.
ant., antiquities.
Amm., Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, A.D. 380.
Ampel., Lucius Ampelius, historian, about A.D. 300.
ap., apud (in).
Apic., Apicius Coelius, writer on cookery (date of work unknown).
app., appy., apparently.
appel., appellative.
Apul., Appul., App., Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, philosopher, floruit A.D. 150 (Ed. Delph.).
· Apul. Apol., Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Apologia, or De Magia.
· Apul. Flor., Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Florida.
· Apul. Met. or Apul. M., Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Metamorphoses.
· Apul. Trism., Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, Trismegistus.
Apul., etc., Lucius Apuleius Barbarus, botanical writer, floruit about A.D. 350.
· Apul., Herb., Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarius, Herbarium Apuleii Platonici.
arch., archaic.
archit, architecture, architectural.
Arn., Arnob., Arnobius Afer, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 297.
art., article.
Ascon., Quintus Asconius Pedianus, grammarian, floruit A.D. 40.
Asin., Gaius Asinius Pollio, orator and historian oblitus A.D. 4.
Att. or Acc. Lucius Attius or Lucius Accius, writer of tragedy, floruit B.C. 130.
Auct. B. Afr., Auctor Belli Africani.
Auct. B. Alex., Auctor Belli Alexandrini.
Auct. B. Hisp., Auctor Belli Hispaniensis.
Auct. Har. resp., Auctor de Haruspicum responsis (a speech usually attributed to Cicero).
Auct. pro Dom., Auctor pro Domo sua (a speech usually attributed to Cicero).
Auct. Her., Auctor ad Herennium, in rhetoric.
Auct Pervig. Ven., Auctor Pervigilii Veneris.
Aug., Augustan.
Aug., Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Christian writer, oblitus A.D. 430.
· Aug. Civ. D., Aurelius Augustinua, de Civitate Dei.
August., Caesar Octavianus Augustus, oblitus A.D. 14.
Aur. Vict., Sextus Aurelius Victor, historian, floruit A.D. 358.
Aus. Decimus Magnus Ausonius, poet, floruit A.D. 350.
· Aus. Ecl., Ausonius, Eclogarium.
· Aus. Ep., Ausonius, Epistolae.
· Aus. Epigr., Ausonius, Epigrammata.
· Aus. Epit., Ausonius, Epitaphia.
· Aus. Grat. Act., Ausonius, Gratiarum actio.
· Aus. Idyll., Ausonius, Idyllia, or Edyllia.
· Aus. Parent., Ausonius, Parentalia.
· Aus. Per., Ausonius, Periochae.
· Aus. Prof., Ausonius, Professores.
· Aus. Sap., Ausonius, Sapientes.
Avien., Rufus Festus Avienus, poet, floruit A.D. 370.
Bau., Bauer.
Boëth., Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boëthus, philosopher, oblitus A.D. 524.
bot. or botan., botanical.
Blomen., Blumenbach.
Brut. Marcus Junius Brutus, oblitus B.C. 42.
Cæcil., Cæcilius Statius, writer of comedy, oblitus B.C. 168.
Cæl. Aurel., Cælius Aurelianus, physician, (date uncertain, but not later than 3rd cent. A.D.).
· Cæl. Acut., Acutae Passiones.
· Cæl. Tard., Cælius Aurelianus Tardae Passiones
Cæs., Gaius Iulius Cæsar, politician, historian oblitus B.C. 44.
· Cæs., B. C., Cæsar, Bellum Civile.
· Cæs., B. G., Cæsar, Bellum Gallicum.
Callistr., Callistratus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 200.
Calp., Titus Julius Calpurnius, poet, floruit perhaps about A.D. 285.
Calv. Inst., Calvin, Institutio Christianæ Religionis.
Cap. or Mart. Cap., Martianus Mineus Felix Capella, encyclopaedist. floruit about A.D.480.
Capitol., Julius Capitolinus, biographer, floruit about A.D. 293.
card., cardinal.
Cass. Hem., Lucius Cassius Hemina, historian, floruit B.C. 140.
Cassiod., Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator, historian, oblitus A.D. 562.
Cat. Gaius Valerius Catullus, poet, floruit B.C. 55.
Cato, Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, orator and historian, oblitus B.C. 149.
· Cato, R. R., (Cat., R. R.,) Cato De Re rustica.
Cels., Aulus Cornelius Celsus, physician, c. B.C. 25 – c. A.D. 50.
Censor., Censorinus, chronologist, floruit A.D. 238.
cf., confer (compare).
Charis., Flavius Sosipater Charisius, grammarian, floruit A.D. 400.
Cic., Marcus Tullius Cicero, orator and philosopher, oblitus B.C. 43.
· Cic., Acad., Cicero, Academicae Quaestiones.
· Cic., Aem. Scaur., Cicero, Oratio pro Aemilio Scauro (Fragments).
· Cic., Agr., Cicero, Orationes de Lege Agraria.
· Cic., Am., Cicero, de Amicitia, or Laelius.
· Cic., Arat., Cicero, translation of Aratus.
· Cic., Arch., Cicero, Oratio Pro Archia.
· Cic., Att., Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum.
· Cic., Balb., Cicero, Oratio pro Lucio Cornelio Balbo.
· Cic., Brut., Cicero, Brutus, seu de Claris Oratoribus.
· Cic., ad Br., Cicero, Epistulae ad Brutum.
· Cic., Caecin., Cicero, Oratio pro Caecina.
· Cic., Cat., Cicero, Orationes in Catilinam.
· Cic., Clod. et Cur., Cicero, Oratio in Clodium et Curionem (Fragments).
· Cic., Cl. or Clu., Cicero, Oratio pro Cluentio.
· Cic., Coel., Cicero, Oratio pro M. Coelio.
· Cic., Delot., Cicero, Oratio pro Rege Delotaro.
· Cic., Div., Cicero, De Divinatione.
· Cic., Div. in Caecil. or Div. Verr., Cicero, Divinatio in Caecilium.
· Cic., Dom., Cicero, Oratio pro Domo.
· Cic., Fam., Cicero, Epistolae ad Familiares.
· Cic., Fat., Cicero, De Fato.
· Cic., Fin., Cicero, de Finibus.
· Cic., Flac., or Fl., Cicero, Oratio Pro L. Flacco.
· Cic., Font., Cicero, Oratio pro Manio Fonteio.
· Cic., Fragm. or Fr., Cicero, Fragmenta.
· Cic., Inv., Cicero, De Inventione.
· Cic., Leg., Cicero, De Legibus.
· Cic., Lig., Cicero, Oratio pro Ligario.
· Cic., Man. or Manil., Cicero, Oratio pro lege Manilia.
· Cic., Marcell., Cicero, Oratio pro Marcello.
· Cic., Mil., Cicero, Oratio pro Milone.
· Cic., Mur., Cicero, Oratio pro Lucius Murena.
· Cic., N. D., Cicero, De Natura Deorum.
· Cic., Off., Cicero, De Officiis.
· Cic., Opt. Gen., Cicero, De Optimo Genere Oratorum.
· Cic., Or., Cicero, Orator, ad M. Brutum.
· Cic., De Or., Cicero, De Oratore.
· Cic., Par., Cicero, Paradoxa.
· Cic., Part. Or., Cicero, Partitiones Oratoriae.
· Cic., Phil., Cicero, Orationes Philippicae.
· Cic., Pis., Cicero, Oratio in Pisonem.
· Cic., Planc. or Pl., Cicero, Oratio pro Plancio.
· Cic., Prov. Cons., Cicero, De Provinciis Consularibus.
· Cic., Quint., Cicero, Oratio pro Publio Quintio.
· Cic., Q. Fr., Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem.
· Cic., Rab. Perd. or C. Rab., Cicero, Oratio pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo.
· Cic., Rab. Post., Cicero, Oratio Pro Rabirio Postumo.
· Cic., Rosc. Am. or R. Am., Cicero, Oratio pro Roscio Amerino.
· Cic., Rosc. Com. or R. Com., Cicero, Oratio pro Roscio Comoedo.
· Cic., Rep., Cicero, De Republica.
· Cic., De Sen. or Sen., Cicero, De Senectute, or Cato Major.
· Cic., Sest. or Sext., Cicero, Oratio pro Sestio (Sextio).
· Cic., Sull., Cicero, Oratio pro Sulla.
· Cic., Top., Cicero, Topica.
· Cic., Tull., Cicero, Oratio pro M. Tullio (Fragments).
· Cic., Tusc., Cicero, Disputationes Tusculanae.
· Cic., Tim., Cicero, Timaeus De Universo.
· Cic., Vatin., Cicero, Oratio in Vatinium.
· Cic., Verr., Cicero, Orationes in Verrem :
quoted thus :
1. Div. Verr. :
2. Verr. Act 1 :
3. Verr. 2, 1 ;
4. Verr. 2, 2 ;
5. Verr. 3 ;
6. Verr. 4 ;
7. Verr. 5
class., classic, classical.
Claud., Claudius Claudianus, poet, floruit A.D. 395.
Cod., Codex.
· Cod., Greg., Codex Gregorianus.
· Cod., Hermog., Codex Hermogenianus.
· Cod., Just., Codex Justinianus.
· Cod., Theod., Codex Theodosianus.
col., column.
Col., Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, writer on husbandry, floruit A.D. 20.
· Col., Arb., Columella, De Arboribus.
collat., collateral.
collect., collective, collectively.
com., comic, or in comedy.
comm. or c., common gender.
Commod., Commodianus, Christian poet, floruit A.D. 270.
comp., comparative, compound.
compd., compound.
conc., carth., Concilium Carthagenense
conj., conjunction, or conjugation.
constr., construed, construction.
contr., contracted.
Coripp., Flavius Cresconius Corippus, poet and grammarian, floruit A.D. 566.
Corp. Conf., Corpus Confessionum.
correl., correlative, correlatively.
corresp., corresponding.
Curt., Quintus Curtius Rufus , historian probably the first century A.D. ; according to Buttmann, floruit A.D. 69.
Cuv. Cuvier.
Cypr. Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, Christian writer, oblit A.D. 258.
dat. dative.
decl., declension.
defect, defective.
demonstr., demonstrative.
dep., deponent.
dep., depend, dependent.
deriv., derived, derivative, derivation.
Dict. Ant., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities of William Smith
diff., different.
Dig., Digesta, i.e. libri Pandectarum, or Digests.
dim., diminutive.
Diom, Diomedes, grammariam, probably the fifth cintury A.D.
disyl., disyllable, disyllabic.
distr., distributive.
Död. or Döderl., Döderlein’s Synonyms.
Donaldson, Varr., Donaldson’s Varronianus.
Donat. or Don. Aelius Donatus, grammarian and commentator, floruit A.D. 350
dub., doubtful.
Ducang. or Du C., the Lexicon of Ducange.
eccl., ecclesiastical.
Eccl., Scriptores Ecclesiastici.
ed, editio.
e. g., exempli gratiâ.
ellipt., elliptical, elliptically.
Eng., English.
Enn., Quintus Ennius, poet, oblitus B.C. 169.
Epith., Epithet.
= , equivalent to, or identical with.
equiv., equivalent.
Erasm. Coll., Erasmi Colloquia. (Edition Karl Tauchnitz).
Ern. = Johann August Ernesti
esp., especially.
etc, et cetera.
etym., etymology, etymological.
euphon., euphonic, euphony.
Eutr., Flavius Eutropius, historian, floruit A.D. 360.
ex., exx., example, examples.
expr., express, expressed.
extr, quite at the end.
Fabr., Fabricius.
f. or fem., feminine.
Fenest., L. Fenestella historian oblitus A.D. 21.
Fest., Sextus Pompeius Festus, grammarian, the fourth century A.D.
fig., figure, figurative, Figuratively.
fin. or ad fin, at or towards the end.
finit., finite (oppesed to infinitive).
Firm., Julius Firmicus Maternus, mathematician, floruit A.D. 340.
flor. floruit
Flor., Lucius Annaeus Florus, historian, floruit A.D.
foll., following.
fr., from.
Forcell., Forc., Forcellini.
Fr., French.
fragm, frag., or fr, fragmenta.115.
freq., frequentative or frequent, frequently.
Fronto or Front., Marcus Cornelius Fronto, orator, floruit A.D. 150.
Frontin. or Front., Sextus Julius Frontinus, writer De Strategematis, de Aquaeductibus, etc., oblitus A.D. 106.
Fulg., Fabius Planciades Fulgentius, garammarian, 6th century A.D.
fut., future.
Gai. or Cai., Gaius or Caius, lawyer, floruit A.D. 160.
Gall., Gaius Cornelius Gallus, poet, oblitus B.C. 26.
Gell., Aulus Gellius, grammarian, etc., floruit A.D. 150.
gen., genitive, generally, generic — in gen., in a general sense.
geog., geography, geographical.
Georg. or G., the German-Latin Lexicon of Georges.
ger., gerund.
Germ, German.
gr. or gram., grammar, grammarian, grammatical.
Gloss., Glossarium.
· Gloss., Cyril., Glossarium, Cyrilli.
· Gloss., Philox., Glossarium, Philoxem.
Gr., Greek.
Grammaticus
Grat., Falisc., Gratius Faliscus, poet, floruit B.C. 6.
Hab., Habicht’s Synonyms.
Hier. Hieronymus (Jerome), Christian writer, oblitus A.D. 420.
Hirt., Aulus Hirtius, historian, oblitus B.C. 43.
hist., history, historian.
Hor., Quintus Horatius Flaccus, poet, oblitus B.C. 8.
· Hor., A. P., Horatius, Ars Poetica.
· Hor., Carm. Sec., Horatius, Carmen Seculare.
· Hor., Ep., Horatius, Epistolae.
· Hor., Epod., Horatius, Epodi.
· Hor., Od., Horatius, Odae.
· Hor., S., Horatius, Satirae.
Hyg., Gaius Julius Hyginus, poet and faabulist, floruit A.D. 4.
· Hyg., Ast., Hyginus, Astronomia.
· Hyg., F., Hyginus, Fabellae.
Hyg., Hyginus Gromaticus, writer on surveying, floruit A.D. 110.
hypoth., hypothetical.
i. e., id est.
i. q., idem quod.
ib., ibidem.
id., idem.
imperat., imper., imperative.
imperf., imperfect.
impers, impersonal, impersonally.
incep., inceptive.
indecl., indeclinable.
indef., indefinite.
indic., indicative.
inf., infinitive.
init., in or ad init., at or near the beginning.
Inscr., Inscriptiones.
· Inscr., Don., Inscriptiones, Donii.
· Inscr., Fabr., Inscriptiones, Fabretti.
· Inscr., Graev., Inscriptiones, Graevii.
· Inscr., Grut., Inscriptiones, Gruteri.
· Inscr., Gud., Inscriptiones, Gudii.
· Inscr., Maff., Inscriptiones, Maffeii.
· Inscr., Murat., Inscriptiones, Muratorii.
· Inscr., Orell., Inscriptiones, Orelli.
· Inscr., Rein., Inscriptiones, Reinesii.
inscrr., inscriptions.
Isid., Isidorus Hispalensis, grammarian, oblitus A.D. 636.
· Isid., Orig., Isidorus, Origines.
interj., interjection.
interrog., interrogative, interrogation.
intrans, intransitive.
i. q., idem quod.
irreg., irregular.
ICtus, juris consultus.
Jabol., Jabolenus or Javolenus Priscus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 120.
Jornand., Jornandes, historian, floruit about A.D. 550.
Julian., Salvius Julianus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 148.
jurid., juridical.
Just., Justinus, historian (date unknown).
Justin. or Just., Justinianus, emperor, oblitus A.D. 565.
Juv., Decimus Junius Juvenalis, poet, floruit A.D.
Kr., Kraft’s German-Latin Lexicon.82.
Laber., Decimus Laberius, mimographer, oblitus A.D. 43.
Lact., Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 301.
Lampr., Aelius Lampridius, historian about A.D. 293.
lang., language.
Lat., Latin.
L. G., Student’s Latin Grammar by Dr. Smith and Mr. Hall.
l., lege or lectio.
leg., legit, legunt, legal.
Leg. XII. Tab., Leges duodecim tabularum, B.C. 450.
L. or Linn., Linnaeus.
lit., literal, literally, in a literal sense.
l. c. or loc. cit., loco citato. Liv., Titus Livius Patavinus, historian, oblitus A.D. 17.
Liv. Andron., Livius Andronicus, writer of tragidy, floruit B.C. 240.
Lucan., Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, poet, oblitus A.D. 65.
Lucil., C. Eunius Lucilius, satirist, oblitus B.C. 103.
Lucr., T. Lucretius Carus., poet and philosopher, about oblitus B.C. 50
m. or masc., masculine.
M. Corvin., Messala Corvinus, historian, floruit B.C. 10.
Macer, C. Licinius Macer, annalist and orator, oblit, B.C. 66.
Macr., Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, critic, floruit A.D. 395.
– Macr., Sat. or S., Macrobius, Saturnalia.
– Macr., Somn., Scip., Macrobius, Somnium Scipionis.
Madvig, Madvig’s Latin Grammar.
Mamert., Claudius Mamertinus, panegyrist, floruit A.D. 290.
Manil., Marcus Manilius, poet, floruit A.D. 16.
Marc., Aelius Marcianus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 230.
Marc. Emp., Marcelius Empiricus, physician, floruit A.D. 400.
Mart., Marcus Valerius Martialis, poet, oblitus A.D. 104.
math., mathematics, mathematical.
Mayne, Mayne’s Expository Lexicon.
Med. Lat., Mediaeval Latin.
med., medio (in the middle) ; ad med., near the middle.
medic., medical.
Mela, Pomponius Mela, geographer, floruit A.D. 45.
met. or metaph., metaphorical, metaphorically.
meton., by metonymy.
milit., military, in military affairs.
M. L., Modern Latin.
min., minor.
Min. Fel., Minutius Felix, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 230.
Modest., Herennius Modestinus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 230.
Mosh., Mosheim.
MS., manuscript.
Mur. or Muret., Muretus.
Nägels. or Näg., Stilistik of Nägelsbach.
naut, nautical.
n. or neut., neuter.
Naev., Gnaeus Naevius, poet, oblitus B.C. 202.
neg., negative, negatively.
Nemes., Marcus Aurelius Olympius Nemesianus, poet, floruit A.D. 288.
Nep., Cornelius Nepos, biographer, floruit B.C. 44.
Nigid., Publius Nigidius Figulus, philosopher, floruit B.C. 64.
nom., nominative.
Non., Nonius Marcellus, grammarian, between 2nd and 5th century A.D.
Novat., Novatianus, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 251.
num. or numer., numeral.
Obseq., Julius Obsequens, writer De Prodigiis.
Ochsner
O. E., Old English.
obj. or object., objective, objectively.
oblit. oblitus (forgotten)
obs., observe.
opp., opposed to, opposite, opposition.
ord., ordinal.
orig., origin, original, originally.
Ov., Publius Ovidius Naso, poet, oblit A.D. 18.
· Ov., A. A., Ovidius, Ars Amatoria.
· Ov., Am., Ovidius, Amores.
· Ov., Cons., Ovidius, Consolatio.
· Ov., Fast. or F., Ovidius, Fasti.
· Ov., Hal., Ovidius, Halieuticon.
· Ov., H., Ovidius, Heroides.
· Ov., Ib., Ovidius, Ibis.
· Ov., Med., Ovidius, Medicamina.
· Ov., M., Ovidius, Metamorphoses.
· Ov., Nux., Ovidius, Nux Elegia.
· Ov., Pont., Ovidius, Epistolae ex Ponto.
· Ov., R. Am., Ovidius, Remedia Amoris.
· Ov., Tr., Ovidius, Tristia.
P., Helias Putschius, Grammaticæ Latinæ Auctores, Hanau, 1605.
p., page.
Pac. or Pacuv., Marcus Pacuvius, writer of Tragedy, floruit B.C. 154.
Pacat., Latinus Pacatus Drepanius, panegyrist, floruit A.D. 391.
Pall., Palladius Rutilius Taurus, writer of husbandry, perhaps about A.D. 350.
Papin., Aemilius Papinius, lawyer, floruit A.D. 200.
part., participle.
partit., partitive.
pass., passive, passively or passim.
Paul. Julius Paulus, lawyer, floruit A.D. 200
Paul. Nol., Pontius Paulinus Nolanus, Christian writer, oblitus A.D. 431.
Paul. Vict., Paulus Victor, topographer, floruit A.D. 390.
Pers., Aulus Persius Flaccus, satirist, oblit, A.D. 62.
perf., perfect.
perh., perhaps.
pers., personal, personally.
Petr., Gaius Petronius Arbiter, (Titus Petronius Niger), satirist, oblit, A.D. 66.
Phaedr., Phaedrus, fabulist, floruit A.D. 15.
philos., philosophy, philosophical, philosophically, philosopher.
Phr., Phrase, Prases.
Phys., physical, physically.
pleon., pleonastically.
pl., plu. or plur., plural.
Plaut. or Pl., Titus Maccius Plautus, writer of comedy, oblitus B.C. 184
· Plaut., Amph. or Am., Plautus, Amphitruo.
· Plaut., Asin. or As., Plautus, Asinaria.
· Plaut., Aul., Plautus, Aulularia.
· Plaut., Bacch. of Bac., Plautus, Bacchides.
· Plaut., Capt., Plautus, Capteivei.
· Plaut., Cas., Plautus, Casina.
· Plaut., Cist., Plautus, Cistellaria.
· Plaut., Curc., Plautus, Curculio.
· Plaut., Epid., Plautus, Epidicus.
· Plaut., Men., Plautus, Menaechmei.
· Plaut., Merc., Plautus, Mercator.
· Plaut., Mil., Plautus, Miles Gloriosus.
· Plaut., Most., Plautus, Mostellaria.
· Plaut., Pers., Plautus, Persa.
· Plaut., Poen., Plautus, Poenulus.
· Plaut., Ps., Plautus, Pseudolus.
· Plaut., Rud., Plautus, Rudens.
· Plaut., Stich., Plautus, Stichus.
· Plaut., Trin., Plautus, Trinumus.
· Plaut., Truc., Plautus, Truculentus.
(Edition Tauchnitz)
Plin., Gaius Plinius Secundus (major) oblitus A.D. 79
· Plin., H. N., Plinius, Naturalis Historia, (Edition Ludwig von Jan, Teubner)
Plin., Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (minor) floruit A.D. 100.
· Plin., Ep., Plinius, Epistulae (Edition Gierig).
· Plin., Pan., Plinius, Panegyricus.
Plin. Val., Plinius Valerianus, physician, 3rd century ; or according to others A.D. 500.
poet., poeta, poetical, poetically.
Pompon., Sextus Pomponius, lawyer, floruit A.D. 138.
Porc. Latro., Marcus Porcius Latro, rhetorician, floruit B.C. 17.
pos., positive.
praef., praefatio.
preced., preceding.
prep., preposition.
Prisc., Priscianus, grammarian, (Edition Keil) floruit A.D. 440.
Prob., Marcus Valerius Probus, grammarian (date uncertain).
prob., probably.
prol., prologus.
pron., pronoun.
pronom., pronominal.
prop., proper, properly, in a proper sense.
Prop., Sextus Aurelius Propertius, poet, floruit B.C. 30.
proverb., proverbial, proverbially.
Prud., Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, Christian poet, floruit A.D. 397.
Ps.-Quint., Pseudo-Quintilianus ; the author (or authors) unknown.
· Ps.-Quint., Decl., Pseudo-Quintilianus, Declamationes.
Publ. Syr., Publius Syrus, mimographer, floruit B.C. 44.
Q. Cic., Quintus Cicero, brother of Tullius, oblitus B.C. 43.
· Q. Cic., Pet. Consul., Quintus Cicero, De Petitione Consulatus.
Quich. or Q., The French-Latin Lexicon of Louis-Marie Quicherat.
Quint., Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, rhetorician, oblitus A.D. 118.
qs., quasi.
q. v., quod vide, videas.
R and A., Riddle amd Arnold.
rad., radical or root.
rar., rare, rarely.
ref., refer, reference.
reflect., reflective, reflectively.
rel., relative.
rhet., rhetor., rhetoric, rhetorical ; in rhetoric.
Rom., Roman.
Ruf., Sextus Rufus, historian, floruit A.D. 364.
Ruhnk., Ruhnken.
Rutil., Claudius Rutilius Numatianus, poet, floruit A.D. 410.
rt., root.
Sall., Gaius Sallustius Passienus Crispus, historian, oblit B.C. 34.
· Sall., C., Sallustius, Catilius.
· Sall., H., Sallustius, Historia (Fragments).
· Sall., J., Sallustius, Jugurtha.
Salv., Salvianus, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 475.
sc., scilicet.
Schleusn., Schleusner’s New Testament Lexicon
Scaev., Caius Mucius Scaevola, lawyer, oblitus B.C. 82.
Scrib., Scribonius Largus, physician, floruit A.D. 43.
Scrr. Eccl., Scriptores Ecclesiastici.
· Scrr. Eccl., Gram., Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Grammatici (Editions Putsch and Lindemann).
· Scrr. Eccl., Gromat., Scriptores Ecclesiastici, Gromatici (Edition Goes.).
· R. R., Scriptores Ecclesiastici, rei rusticae (Edition Bipont).
Spreng., Sprengel.
sq., sequens (and the following).
s., seu.
s. v., sub voce.
Sedul., Coelius Sedulius, Christian poet, floruit A.D. 450.
Sen., Marcus Annaeus Seneca, rhetorician, floruit A.D. 15.
· Sen., Contr., Marcus Annaeus Seneca, Controversiae.
· Sen., Suas., Marcus Annaeus Seneca, Suasoriae.
Sen., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, philosopher oblitus A.D. 65.
· Sen., Ben., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Beneficiis.
· Sen., Brev. Vit., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Brevitate Vitae.
· Sen., Clem., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Clementia.
· Sen., Cons. ad Helv., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Consolatio ad Helviam.
· Sen., Cons. ad Marc., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Consolatio ad Marciam.
· Sen., Cons. ad Poly., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Consolatio ad Polybium.
· Sen., Const., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Constantia Sapientia.
· Sen., Ep., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistolae.
· Sen., Ir. or Ira., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Ira.
· Sen., Mort. Claud., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Morte Claudii Cæsar.
· Sen., N. Q., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Naturales Questiones.
· Sen., Ot. Sap., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Otio Sapientis.
· Sen., Prov., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Providentia.
· Sen., Tranq., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Tranquillitate Animi.
· Sen., Vit. Beat., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De Vita Beata.
Sen., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, writer of tragedy (according to some, identical with the philosopher)
· Sen., Agam., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Agamemnon.
· Sen., Herc. Fur., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Hercules Furens.
· Sen., Herc. Oet., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Hercules Oetaeus.
· Sen., Hippol., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Hippolytus.
· Sen., Med., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Medea.
· Sen., Octav., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Octavia.
· Sen., Oedip., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Oedipus.
· Sen., Phoen., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Phoenissae (or Thebais).
· Sen., Thyest., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Thyestes.
· Sen., Troad., Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Troades.
Ser. Samm., Quintus Serenus Sammonicus, physician oblitus A.D. 221.
Serv., Servius Maurus Honouatus, grammarian, floruit A.D. 395.
Sev., Cornelius Severus, poet, floruit A.D. 10.
Sic. Fl., Siculus Flaccus, writer on surveying, floruit A.D. 100.
Sid., Sidon., Sidonius Apollinaris, Christian writer, oblitus A.D. 482.
Sil., Tiberius Catius Asconius Silius Italicus, poet, oblitus A.D. 100.
sign., signif., signifies., signification.
sing., singular.
Sisenn., Lucius Cornelius Sisenna, historian and orator, floruit B.C. 78.
Sol., Caius Julius Solinus, grammarian, floruit A.D. 238.
Spart., Aelius Spartianus, biographer, floruit A.D. 293.
SS., Sanctæ Scripturæ.
Stat., Publius Papinius Statius, poet, floruit A.D. 87.
Stat., Ach., Statius, Achilleis.
Stat., Silv. or Stat., S., Statius, Silvae.
Stat., Theb. or Stat., Th., Statius, Thebais.
subaud., subauditur.
subject. or subj., subjective, subjectively.
subj., subjunctive.
subst., substantive, substantively.
Suet. Caius Suetonius Tranquillus, biographer, floruit A.D. 116.
suff., suffix.
Sulp., Sulpicius Severus, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 400.
sup., superlative or supine.
syl., syllable.
Symm., Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, orator, etc., floruit A.D. 395.
syn., synonym, synonymous.
syncop., sync., syncopated.
t. t., technical term.
Tac., Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, historian perhaps oblit A.D. 118.
· Tac., A., Tacitus, Annales.
· Tac., Agr., Tacitus, Agricola.
· Tac., G., Tacitus, Germania.
· Tac., H., Tacitus, Historia.
· Tac., Or., Tacitus, De Oratoribus.
Ter., Publius Terentius Afer, writer of comedy, oblit, B.C. 159.
· Ter., Ad., Terentius, Adelphi.
· Ter., And., Terentius, Andria.
· Ter., Eun., Terentius, Eunuchus.
· Ter., Heaut., Terentius, Heauton Timorumenos.
· Ter., Hec., Terentius, Hecyra.
· Ter., Ph., Terentius, Phormio.
Ter. Maur., Terentianus Maurus, grammarian, floruit A.D. 100.
Tert., Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Christian writer, floruit A.D. 195.
term., termination.
Theod. Prisc., Theodorus Priscianus, physician, floruit A.D. 397.
theol., theological.
Tib., Albius Tibullus, poet, oblitus B.C. 18.
Titinn., Titinnius, writer of comedy, floruit B.C. 170.
trans., transitive.
transf., transferred.
Treb. Poll., Trebellius Pollio, historian, floruit A.D. 320.
trisyl., trisyllable, trisyllabic.
Turp., Sextus Turpilius, writer of comedy, oblitus B.C. 101.
Tursell., Tursellinus.
Ulp., Domitius Ulpianus, lawyer, oblitus A.D. 228.
usu., usual, usually.
v., verb, vide ; or vox ; also, very.
Val. Cato, Valerius Cato, poet, about floruit B.C. 80.
Val. Fl., Caius Valerius Flaccus, poet, floruit A.D. 70.
Val. Max., Valerius Maximus, historian, floruit A.D. 26.
Varr., Marcus Terentius Varro, writer of husbandry, etc., oblitus B.C. 28
· Varr., L. L. Varro, De Lingua Latina, (Edition Müller, 1833).
· Varr., R. R., Varro, De Re Rustica.
Veg., Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, writer De Re Militari, floruit A.D. 386.
Veg., Pelagonius Vegetius Renatus, writer De Re Veterinaria (his date is uncertain, but was long subsequent to that of the preceding author).
Vell., Caius Velleius Paterculus, historian floruit A.D. 30.
Venant., Venantius Fortunatus, Christian poet, floruit A.D. 600.
Ver. Flac., Verrius Flaccus, grammarian, floruit B.C. 20.
Verg., (Virg.), Publius Vergilius Maro, poet, oblitus B.C. 19.
· Verg., Aen., Vergilius, Aeneis.
· Verg., Cat., Vergilius, Catalecta (Catalepton).
· Verg., Cir., Vergilius, Ciris.
· Verg., Cop., Vergilius, Copa.
· Verg., E., Vergilius, Eclogae.
· Verg., G., Vergilius, Georgica.
· Verg., Mor. or M., Vergilius, Moretum.
Vitr., Vitruvius Pollio, writer on architecture, (Edition Schmeider) floruit B.C. 20.
voc., vocative.
Vop., Flavius Vopiscus, historian, floruit A.D. 306.
Vulc. Gall., Vulcatius Gallicanus, historian, floruit about B.C. 292.
Vulg., Biblia Vulgatae Editionis.
Vulg., Vulgate.
Wahl., Christian Abraham Wahl’s New Testament Lexicon.
Wytt. or Wyttenb., Wyttenbach.
Zumpt, Zumpt’s Latin Grammar.
[001]
ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY.
A,
|| Letter of the Alphabet, A [f., n., indeclinable]
The letter A, A litēra.
Short A, A brevis.
Great A, A grandis (opposed to minūta).
To end in the letter A, in A literam exire (Quintilianus).
To learn one’s A, B, C,
(1)
literally, alpha et beta discēre (Juvenalis),
literarum nomina et contextus discere (their names in order): ¤
(2)
figuratively, prima elementa discere: *primis elementis or literis imbūi.
A,
|| Indefinite article: untranslated:
but if it is to be intimated that the word is not to be understood definitely, aliquis is used;
e.g., “in the definition of a thing” in definitione alicujus rei
(in definitione rei would mean: of the thing already mentioned, or going to be mentioned).
|| A certain one, a particular individual, though it is not necessary, or perhaps possible, to name it, quidam;
e.g., “A peasant did this” hoc fecit rusticus quidam.
|| Often equivalent to “such a one,” is qui;
e.g., who would not be favorably disposed to a king who? etc.; quis non ei regi favēret, qui, etc. (with subjunctive).
|| “A” is also translated by quidam, when a particular individual is referred to a class;
e.g., “in the house of a host named Camēlus”, in hospitis cujusdam, nomine Camēli, domo.
“Fabius a Pelignian,” Fabius, Pelignus quidam.
|| “A Plato,” to express a man like Plato, a man of Plato’s genius, etc., is generally translated by the plural;
e.g., “We speak of a Paullus, a Cato, a Gallus”, dicimus Paullos, Catōnes, Gallos.
|| Each, with numerals. “A” omitted, and a distributive numeral used: “a day”, “a month”, etc., mostly singuli, singulis diebus, singulis mensibus, etc. (but als0, quot diebus, quot mensibus, etc.):
in singulas horas, in singulos dies (but also in horas, in dies).
“There were two hunts a day for the five days,” binæ venationes per dies quinque.
“A man,” mostly omitted, and distributive numeral used.
“Two acres a man were allotted to the common people”, bina jugēra agri plebi dividebantur.
All to a man, ad unum onmes.
|| “A” before the participial substantive is to be translated by the supine, “to go a hunting,” renātum ire.
ABAFT, ||strern, puppis. ||Toward the stern, puppim versus. Phrase, in puppi sedere.
ABANDON, relinquere (to leave behind in any way, whether deliberately or not):derelinquere (to abandon it deliberately, and care no more about it): deserere (to abandon what one ought not to give up):dimittere (to give up what one can not retain; a property, one’s freedom, a right, a man’s acquaintance): abjicere, deponere (what one does not find it good or profitable to retain; a plan, intention, opinion, friendship, hatred, hope): desistere aliqua re or de aliqua re (implies a sudden change of intention): omittere (to give up; let a thing go; a contest, wrath, sorrow, fear, a plan, an opportunity): destituere (to desert one in need, just when our assistance is expected). (The words are found in this connection and order), relinquere et deserere; deserere et relinquere; destituere et relinquere. Phrase, affligere causam susceptam (abandon, and so ruin it); causam alicujus deponere: a causa alicujus recedere. || Give one’s self up to, alicui rei se dedere: studio alicujus rei se dedere or se tradere. Phrase, voluptatibus se dedere or se tradere; servire, astrictum esse, deditum esse. || Renounce, (Vid.) alicui rei renunciare.
ABANDONED, perditus, etc. Vid. WICKED.
ABANDONMENT, ABANDONING, either by the verbal substantives from the verbs under ABANDON: relictio (Cicero), derelictio (Cicero), desertio (Livius); dimissio, abjectio, depositio, destitutio (Cicero): or, much more commonly, by their past participles: the abandoning his friends, relicti (deserti, destituti) amici.
ABASE, || humble one’s self, se demittere, se submittere; descendere (all three also figuratively). Phrase, se ad alicujus pedes sub-, de-mittere. || Depress; humble, minuere; imminuere alicujus auctoritatem: elevare aliquem or alicujus auctoritatem.|| Abase myself to anything, prolabi ad aliquid, descendere ad aliquid, se projicere in aliquid. || Disgrace one’s self, minuere suam dignitatem: se abjicere, se abjicere et prosternere. || Abase one’s eyes, oculos in terram demittere, dejicere; oculos dejicere; terram intueri, before anybody, oculos alicui submittere; terram modeste intueri.
ABASEMENT, literal, demissio, submissio.PARTICIPLE, “The abasement of Caius,” imminuta Caii auctoritas, dignitas.
ABASH, pudorem alicui injicere, incutere — ruborem alicui afferre (Tacitus). I am ashamed, pudor suffunditur mihi: at anything, pudore afficior aliqua re.|| Abashed, pudore suffusus, etc. Vid. ASHAMED.
ABATE, Transitively, || lessen, Vid. || Bate, Vid. || Intransitively, minui, se minuere. and minuere (Vid. Herzog, ad Cœs., B. G., iii, 12): imminui (to be lessened inwardly):remitti: se remittere, and remittere only (to leave off; of rain, cold, a fever, etc.):levari, sublevari (to be lightened): leniri, mitigari (to be softened; mitigated). Phrase, ira deferveseit: sermo hominum refrigeratur.
ABATEMENT, decessio de summa, or decessio only (Cicero): * remissio. To make an abatement,* remittere de pretio indicato.To make an abatement of 10 per cent., * remissionem centesimarum denarum facere. || Lessening. Vid.
ABBESS, abbatissa (Hieronymus):*antistita virginum sacrarum — Virgo maxima (the title of the High-priestess of the Vestal Virgins). If the abbess is a princess, regina abbatissa (as Æn. 1, regina sacerdos).ABBACY, *abbatis munus (his office):*concessum abbati beneficium (his prebend or benefice).
ABBEY, *abbatia.
ABBOT, abbas (Scriptores Ecclesiastici): archimandrita (a president of monks. Sidonius).
ABBREVIATE, imminuere (a word in pronouncing, as audisse for audivisse).|| To write compendiously, notare;scripturæ compendio uti; per notas scribere.Vid. ABBREVIATION. Vid. SHORTEN; ABRIDGE; CONTRACT.ABBREVIATION, in writing, verborum nota; (scripturæ) compendium.To write with abbreviations, notare (opposed to perscribere). Vid. SHORT-HAND.
ABDICATE, deponere: an office, magistratum deponere ; magistratu se abdicare (very seldom magistratum abdicare); magistratu or honore abire ; abscedere munere (Livius, 9, 3): the dictatorship, dictatura se abdicare: a government, imperium deponere.ABDICATION of an office, abdicatio muneris (e.g., dictaturæ); and periphrastically, with abdicare se munere. “You have driven Lentulus to an abdication of his office,” Lentulum ut se abdicaret magistratu coegistis.
ABED, by circumlocution; to be still abed, nondum surrexisse ; nondum cubita or e lectulo surrexisse.
ABERRATION, || departure from the right way, declinatio: from reason, aspernatio rationis.
ABET, || asstst, aliquem juvare or adjuvare (assist him, in aliqua re: seldom with infinitive): aliquem opera adjuvare in aliqua re facienda; alicui operam suam commodare ad aliquid (to assist him by one’s services).|| Excite to, etc., incitare, excitare, concitare (rouse up, set into action): instigare, stimulare, exstimulare (prick or spur on): inflammare, incendere, accendere (inflame): impellere, commovere.
All aliquem or alicujus animum ad aliquid. Vid. EXCITE. || Exhort, hortari.adhortari (aliquem ad aliquid, or with ut).
ABETTOR, concitator (belli, seditionis, etc.): impulsor (one who urges to an action): qui adjuvat.
ABEYANCE, spes succedendi. In abeyance (of lands, etc.), vacuus.
ABHOR, detestari aliquid or aliquem:abominari aliquem or aliquid (shrink from as ill-omened): aversari aliquem or aliquid (turn from with dislike, antipathy, etc.): abhorrere aliquem, aliquid, or ab aliqua re (to shudder at): animo esse aversissimo ab aliquo.
ABHORRENCE, aversatio (alicujus rei): detestatio (alicujus rei; Gellius, not Cicero): animus aversissimus ab aliquo.
ABHORRENT, alienus ab aliqua re (foreign to, irreconcilable with): alicui rei contrarius (opposed to). || To be utterly inconsistent with, abhorrere ab aliqua re [a persona hominis gravissimi abhorrere, Cicero].
ABIDE, Intransitively, || dwell at, habitare (aliquo loco); domicilium or sedem ac domicilium habere (aliquo loco): degere or degere vitam. vivere loco (to lire at).With anybody, in alicujus domo or apud aliquem habitare: apud aliquem or in alicujus domo deversari (for a time, as a guest): cum aliquo habitare (to live together): commorari (to be stopping at or abiding for a time). || Remain, manere, permanere. To abide by an agreement, stare pacto or conventis: by a promise, promissis stare: by an opinion, in sententia sua manere, permanere, perseverare: by anybody, alicui non deesse, aliquem non deserere, destituere, etc. || Last, endure, permanere, durare.
ABIDE, Transitively, || wait for a man’s coming, alicujus adventum exspectare or præstolari (but alicujus adventum manere. Livius is poetical).|| Bear, endure. Vid.
ABILITY, || power, potentia (absolute power): potestas (power derived from legal authority): copia (possibility of doing anything with convenience): facultas (capacity ; possibility subjectively). || Mental power, ingenium (connate mental power, talents, genius): sollertia (menta. dexterity, practical genius): docilitas (power of learning, of improving): ingenu facultas (talent for a particular pur suit, not talents coliectively, which is ingenium): facultas with genitive (power to do anything, e.g., to speak, dicendi). I do not give him credit for ability to accomplish something, aliquem aliquid efficere non posse duco (after Nepos, Alcib., 7, 2). || Abilities, mental powers collectively; ingenium, facultates (Cicero, de Invent., 1, 27, quite at the end); animi vis, virtus, hominis sollertia. To cultivate one’s abilities, animum mentemque excolere: to be a person of considerable abilities, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abundare.|| Riches. Vid.ABJECT, abjectus (flung away as worthless, hence (1) worthless, low, (2) dispirited); demissus (beaten down; of one who has lost his spirit); summissus (subjected, hence submissive, servile, low-minded); humilis (low, opposed to altus); illiberalis (unlike a free man; ungentlemanly, sordid). Videndum est ne quid humile, summissum, molle, effeminatum, fractum, abjectumque faciamus (Cicero, Cat.,2,1). (The words are found in this connection and order), contemtus et abjectus: perculsus et abjectus (in despair). Abject poverty, gravissima paupertas; summa egestas; paupertas vel potius egestas ac mendicitas (Cicero, Parad., 6, 1, quite at the end). Abject flattery, summissa adulatio (Quintilianus, 11, 1, 30). Vid. CONTEMPTIBLE, VILE.ABJECTION, (of mind), humilitas (lowness): illiberalitas (feelings unworthy of a free man): abjectio or demissio animi (Cicero, despondency, despair).ABJECTLY, humiliter; illiberaliter; abjecte; demisse. Vid. SYN. in ABJECT.
ABJUDICATE, abjudicare alicui aliquid (to deprive anybody of anything by a judicial sentence).
ABJURATION, by circumlocution with verb or participle, meaning to abjure. His abjuration of hiscountry, ejurata patria.
ABJURE, abjurare (to deny upon oath that I owe it): ejurare or ejerare (to renounce a thing with an oath ; e.g., patriam, patrem, , etc., post-Augustan): renunciare alicui rei (e.g., public life, publicis negotiis ; oysters
for the rest of my life, ostreis in omnem vitam).
ABLAQUEATION, ablaqueatio (the digging about the roots of a tree).
ABLATIVE case, Ablativus casus (Quintilianus); Latinus, sextus (Varro in, Diom., p. 277, P.).
ABLE (of persons), ingeniosua (fertile of new ideas): sollers (dexterous in combining and working out ideas): docilis (apt to learn and comprehend): capax alicujus rei (post-Augustan). To be able, posse; alicujus rei faciendæ facultatem habere. He is able to do anything, nihil non efficere potest.
ABLE-BODIED, valens, validus (strong, actively: opposed to imbecillus); firmus (firm, immovable; strong, passively: opposed to imbecillus, infirmus); robustus (compact; strong, passively: opposed to tener). (The words are found in this connection and order), firmus et robustus, valens et firmus; robustus et valens.
ABLENESS. Vid. ABILITY.
ABLEGATE, legare; allegare (dispatch on a mission: aliquem ad aliquem or alicui, in Africam: eo): legatum mittere (to send as an embassador). Ablogare and amandare are, to send away, on some pretext or other, a person whom one wishes to get rid of.
ABLEPSY. Vid. BLINDNESS.
ABLUTION, ablutio (Macrobius, Plinius).lavatio (Plinius), lotio (Vitruvius), lotura (Plinius).To perform one’s ablutions, lavari; perlui (to bathe, wash one’s self in a stream, Cæsar);manus, pedes, etc., lavare.
ABNEGATION, infitiatio (the denial, especially of a debt). Abnegation of the world, rerum humanarum contemtio et despicientia (Cicero, Tusc, 1, 40, 95); of one’s self, dolorum et laborum contemtio (utter disregard of pain and toil); animi moderatio (complete government of the mind).
ABOARD. To go aboard, conscendere or ascendere navem or in navem: in fine weather, bona et certa tempestate conscendere.
ABODE, domicilium (abode, as far as one is at home there): sedes (as the fixed spot where one resides): habitatio (dwelling-house or chamber, as lone as one resides therein; hence, also, lodging). Vid.House. || Time of one’s residence, commoratio; statio, mansio (opposed to itio, decessio: implying a stay of some length) : habitatlo (the dwelling at a place).
Abode in the country, rusticatio. || Make abode. Vid. ABIDE.
ABODE, ABODEMENT. Vid. BODE, BODEMENT.ABOLISH, tollere (the proper word: e.g., an office, law, magistracy, tax, etc.): abolere (vid. history, quite to remove and make invalid laws, customs, religion, wills): abrogare (to abolish by the authority of the people; a law, decree ; also a magistracy):derogare legi or aliquid de lege (of a partial abolition; but sometimes with accusative forabrogare, Ochsn., Cicero., Eclog., p. 85): obrogare legi (to render it a dead letter, wholly or in part, by a subsequent enactment): solvere, dissolvere, resolvere (to abolish a custom, , etc., also adimere consuetudinem,Tacitus): rescindere (to cancel and make void; e.g., decrees, compacts, wills, etc.): inducere (to strike out, a resolution, a decree, of the Senate, a contract, locationem): pervertere (abolish by violence; laws, justice, etc.). || Destroy, delere (blot out; hence, deprive of its existence): exstinguere (to put out, and so cause to cease; hope, spem, etc.): tollere (to take away; destroy, urbem, legem, etc.): evertere (to overthrow; urbem, rempublicam, reipublicæ fundaments): subvertere (to overthrow, imperium, leges, libertatem): κυρικιμασαηικοperdere (to destroy completely, fruges, etc.). To utterly abolish, funditus tollere, evertere, etc.ABOLITION, sublatio ( judicii, the reversal of a sentence): abolitio (of a tax, sentence): dissolutio (e.g., of a law). || Abolition of debts, tabulæ novæ.
ABOMINABLE, fœdus (of anything that excites a loathing and aversion):abominandus, detestandus, detestabilis (detestable ; of men, aversabilis, Lr.): nefarius (shameful; of men, and their thoughts and actions): nefandus (of shameful actions): immanis (shocking; of actions): teter (hideous, shocking; then abominable, in character and conduct).|| An abominable villain, homo omni parte detestabilis; homo impurus; monstrumhominis.
ABOMINABLY, fœde, fœdissime; nefarie; teterrime. || Excessively; grossly. Vid. those words. Abominably ugly, insignis ad deformitatem.
ABOMINATE, abhorrere aliquem or aliquid or aliqua re (to recoil from an object with shuddering): abominari aliquem or aliquid (to wish it away, as of evil omen):detestari aliquem or aliquid (to appeal to the gods against a person or thing):aversari aliquem or aliquid (to turn away from in disgust): animo esse aversissimo ab aliquo.
ABOMINATION, || aversion, detestation, aversatio (in silver age, alicujus rei): detestatio (in Gellius, alicujus rei. Un-Cic. in this sense): animus aversissimus ab aliquo. || Abominable action, res nefanda or infanda; res atrox or nefaria. Abominations = abominable actions, nefaria, plural adjective. || Detestable wickedness, fœditas, immanitas.|| Pollution, contaminatio, pollutio (both in later writers only): macula, labes (the stain itself).
ABORIGINES, Aborigines, um (mostly the original inhabitants of a country ; a particular people in Italy, the name being either from ab and origo, or αβοριγενεις = descendants of the Abori, Ombri, or Umbri. Grotefend). || Autochthones (Appuleius).The original inhabitants of Britain, qui initio Britanniam incoluerunt.
ABORTION, || premature bringing forth, abortio, abortua. || Produce of such a birth, abortus, (Cicero).To cause an abortion, abortum facere (also = abortum pati, to bring forth prematurely).
ABORTIVE, || brought forth prematurely.ahoravua. || Unsuccessful, cassus (empty, hollow; hence profitless, of labors): inanis (empty, unsubstantial; inanes contentiones): irritus (invalidated; as good as undone, irritus labor; inceptum). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vanus et irritus; irritus et vanus. To make abortive attempts, operam perdere, or frustra consumere, or conterere; oleum et operam perdere.
ABORTIVELY, || to no purpose, frustra, nequidquam, incassum. Vid. VAIN.
ABOUND, || have in great plenty, aliqua re abundare (aliqua re redundare is, to have in too great plenty): suppeditare aliqua re (to have an adequate supply, especially of means for an end, Cicero, Cat., 2, 11, 25): affluere (to abound ; in pleasures, leisure, genius, etc., Cicero): circumfluere (copiis, gloria, Cicero): scatere (belongs to poetry and late writers). || Be in great plenty, abundare, superesse (be in abundance); suppeditare (to be in sufficient quantity); circumfluere (aliquem circumfluere, Curtius). (The words are found in this connection and order.) circumfluere atque abundare.
ABOUT, circum (prepositon and adverb, denotes (1) motion round a centre: circum axemse convertere , (2) motion from one to another of a number of objects; e.g., to sendanybody, circum amicoa, circum insulas, etc.; (3) position, entirely or partly, roundan inclosed object: capillus circum caput rejectus): circa (preposition and adverb, denotes proximity, considered as a point or points in an inclosing line or space, rather than as an extended portion of such line or space. “Circum urbem coinmorari, est in conclusa vicinitate versari; circa urbem, in propinqua regione, haud procul” Handrianus, Turs., ii., p. 50. Not used by Plautus, Terentius, Lucretius, Sallustius and seldom by Cicero).|| Nearly, in approximate statements, fere, ferme (two forms of the same word: about,both of time and number; not as a loose statement, but of a statement believed to beas accurate as possible or necessary): circiter, circa, ad (about, of time and number; circiter as adverb and preposition with accusative, Cicero never uses circa in this way, but Livius, Curtius, etc., do): sub (with accusative): quinta fere hora = in the course of the fifth hour, Handrianus: circiter eandem horam. About noon, circiter or ad meridiem. About the fourth part, circiter pars quarta. About 500 were taken, ad quingentos capti sunt.
About Pompey’s days, circa Pompeium (Quintilianus), circa Pompeii aetatem (Plinius).|| Concerning, circa (with respect to: where earlier writers use in, de, ad, erga, etc., after negligens, assiduus: circa bonas artes socordia, Tacitus. To be employed about, in aliqua re versari. Later writers, circa aliquam rem versari; in aliqua re occupatum esse): de (after audire, dicere, judicare, scribere, etc., legatos de aliqua re mittere): super (with ablative, to write or do anything, super aliqua re, Cicero: to be sent, super aliqua re, Cicero, Nepos). || To go or set about anything, aggredi, conari, moliri, etc. Vid. BEGIN, UNDERTAKE.|| To take anybody about the waist, aliquem medium complecti. What are you about? quid agis ? || To bring about, aliquid efficere ; effectum dare or reddore. || About, before infin. is to be translated by the partic, in dus.
ABOVE. (A) || Preposition, super (above, opposed to sub, subter): supra (opposed to infra, above, with implied reference to something below, used of position, not of motion).|| Of degree, super (famosissima super ceteros cœna, Suetonius: super omnia. Livius: with numerals, super octingentos et quadraginta ante annos, Tacitus): supra (supra modum; vires humanas; fidem; and with numerals, sociorum supra millia viginti, Livius): ante (ante alias pulchritudine insignis, Livius): præter (nobilitatus præter ceteros): plus, amplius (before numerals, quam being omitted, but the substantive not being placed in the ablative, plus ducentos milites desidcravit). e.g., cos super se collocavit: domes super se ipsos concremaverunt:supra terram est cœlum. || Out of, sese (Deus) extra omnem culpam posuit. PHRASE. To be above anybody, supra aliquem esse: superiorem esse aliquo: aliquem infra se positum habere.To be above anybody’s praise, alicujus laudibus majorem esse. Above a year, plus annum, or annum et eo diutius (e.g., to live with a person). Above forty years old, major quadraginta annis or annorum; natus est annos magis quadraginta; ainnum quadragesimum excessit (a year et quod excurrit belongs to late Latin). To put one thing above another, rem alii anteponere.To honor anybody above all men, aliquem primo loco habere, ponere;aliquem præter ceteros omnes colore.To have nobody above one’s self, neminem habere superiorem, priorem. (B) Adverb, Supra (quæ supra scripci). || From above, desuper (vulnerare, protegere, Cæsar): superne (gladium superne jugulo defigere, Livius: incessere, Curtius).
ABOVE-MENTIONED, aliquid supra dictum est: aliquid supra dixi (not supra dictus or prædictus).
ABOVE-WRITTEN, aliquid supra (criptum est; aliquid supra scripst (not supra scriptus).
ABOVE, TO BE, ||To be better, præstare. ||To stand out from, exstare (ex aqua, etc.). || To be above doing anything, non eum esae qui aliquid faciat.You ought to be above making pleasure your chief good, temperantior esse debea,quam qui summum bonum in voluptate ponas. The water is hardly above the knees, aqua vix genua superat, (Livius). Let all be fair and above-board, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur (Cicero); nihil sitnon apertum atque simplex.
ABREAST, || to go abreast, pariter ire (Quintilianus una pariterque cum equitibus accorrere, Hirtius, Bell Afr., 69): una ire æquatis frootibus (Riddle: after Vergilius). The Phrygians were the first who drove two horses abreast, bigas primas junxitPhrygum natio (Plinius). Two horses yoked abreast to a chariot, bijuges equi (Vergilius).
ABRADE, abradere; deradere (also, to make smooth by catting away): subradere (to shave off from beneath): circumradere (to shave off all round).
ABRASION, circumrasio (paring round,
Plinius).
ABREPTION, raptns (virginis, forcible abduction, Cicero): ereptio (opposed to emtio, Cicero).
ABRIDGE, contrahere (to draw in; orationem, Cicero): in angustum cogere (commentarios, Sallustius): amputare (to prune away superfluities, narrationem): præcidere (to cut at the end ; to cut short; a speech, etc.): minuere (to lessen ; e. g., power, authority, expenses): imminuere (to lessen, and so weaken, libertatem, Cicero):detrahere aliquid de aliqua re; breve aliquid facere; ad justam brevitatem revocare: redigere (“to reduce :” with ad before the size to which the work is reduced: hosce ipsos ad sex libros redegit Diophanes, Varro). To show how the labor of teaching may be abridged, brevia docendi manstrare compendia (Quintilianus). || To abridge a work, in angustum cogere; in epitomen cogere (Ausonius). To abridge a voluminous author, aliquem per multa volumina diffusum epitome circumscribere. Vid. LESSON.
ABRIDGMENT, || of a book, epitome:summarium (about Seneca’s time, breviarium, Ep., 39, 1): electa (selections):excerpta (extracts). To publish an abridgment in six volumes of the whole of Dionysius’s voluminous work, totum Dionysium, per multa diffusum volumina, sex epitomis circumscribere (Columella). || A lessening, imminutio (e.g. dignitatis, Cicero): deminutio (a lessening by subtraction, of liberty, taxes, etc).
ABROACH. To set a cask abroach, dolium relinere (opposed to oblinere, to fasten it up with pitch or resin).
ABROAD, foris (out of a place; out of doors: foris cœnare, to dine abroad or out): peregre (in another country; e.g., habitare, to live abroad). To GO ABROAD, (1) appear in public, in publicum prodire or procedere; (2) visit foreign countries, peregre proficisci. To BE ABROAD, (1) to be in a foreign country, peregrinari; (2) not to understand,aliquid nescire, ignorare; alicajus rei ignarum esse; in aliqua re non multum intelligere (e.g., in statues, pictures); in aliqua re rudem esse; alicujus rei rudem or imperitum, or rudem et imperitum esse ; in aliqua re peregrinum atque hospitem esse. To return from abroad, peregre redire. || To pablish anything abroad, aliquid foras proferre, in apertum proferre, divulgare. To be spread abroad far and wide, late longeque diffundi. To get abroad, emanare (to leak out, of secrets). To be generally talked abroad, omnium sermone celebrari Vid. “GET abroad,” “COME abroad.”ABROGATE, abrogare (to abolish by the authority of the people): derogare legi or aliquid de lege (of a partial abolition; but sometimes with accusative for abrogare, Ochsner): obrogare legi (to repeal it wholly or in part by a subsequent enactment).
ABROGATION, abrogatio (legia, Cicero); derogatio. obrogatio Vid. SYN. in ABROGATE.
ABRUPT, abruptus (of what sinks suddenly and perpendicularly): præruptus (abruptly steep; but rough and craggy).|| Figuratively, sudden, subitus; repentinus; non ante provisus, improvisus. etc Vid.SUDDEN. An abrupt style, abruptus sermo; abruptum sermonis genus (obscure from over-conciseness and want of connection).
An abrupt beginning, abruptum initium (the vehement, impetuous beginning of an oration).
ABRUPTION, abruptio (the breaking of; e.g., corrigiæ): avulsio (fhe tearing off).
ABRUPTLY, abrupte; prærupte. SYN. in ABRUPT. || Suddenly, subito; repente, derepente, repentino, nec opinato, etc. Vid. SUDDENLY.
ABRUPTNESS, No one word, except what celeritas, etc., may do. It may generally be translated by an adjective or adverb. The abruptness of his departure, repentina, necopinata, etc, ejus profectio. With abruptness, abrupte, etc.
ABSCESS, ulcus (general term for a suppurating wound): apostema, atis; abscessus (abscess). I have an abscess under my tongue, sub lingua aliqaid abscedit.
ABSCISSION, desectio ; resectio (general terms): amputatio (pruning).
ABSCOND, delitescere, abditum latere, in occulto se continere, abditum et inclusum in occulto latere (to lie hid): se abdere; se abdere in occultum (to hide one’s self): se occultare alicui or a conspectu alicujus (to hide from a person): clam se subducere: se subtrahere.
ABSENCE, absentia. In his absence, dum aliquis abest; absente aliquo, or absens (in agreement with the person meant: in absentia or per absentiam alicujus, Curtius, Justinus should not be imitated). || Absence abroad, peregrinatio. || Absence of mind, *animus varietate rerum diductus; *animus alienis rebus distentus(i.e., distracted with other thoughts).Leave of absence. Vid. FURLOUGH.
ABSENT, absens. To be absent, abesse loco or ex loco. To be absent abroad peregrinari.|| Figuratively, to be absent, animo excurrere et vagari. I was absent when I did it, *aliud cogitans feci.
ABSENT ONE’S SELF. || Withdraw one’s self, se amovere; a re aliqua recedere, or se sevocare, se removere. To absent one’s self (for a time) from the forum, senate-house, foro, senatu carere.|| Not to appear, non comparere: in conspectum non venire: domi or domo se tenere (keep one’s self at home).
ABSOLUTE, || complete, absolutus, perfectus. (The words are found in this connection and order), absolutus et perfectus; perfectus atque absolutus: expletus et perfectus: perfectus cumulatusque; perfectus completusque: perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus.|| Unconditional, simplex: absolutus, mostly together; simplex
et absolutus (opposed to cum adjunctione: e.g., necessity, necessitudo, Cicero). To pay absolute obedience, alicui sine ulla exceptione parere.|| Unlimited, infinitus (not terminated): summus (the highest). Absolute power, infinita or summa potestas. Absolute sovereignty, imperium summum, quum dominatu unius omnia tenentur;qunm principis arbitrium, or libido regis, pro legibus est (vid. Justinus, 1, 1, 2, and 2. 7,3): dominatio. Absolute necessity, summa or extrema necessitas. || Not relative, considered in itself, simpliciter et ex sua vi ccmsideratus (vid. Cicero, Inv., 2, 33, 103). THE ABSOLUTE, in philsophy, id quod semper est simplex et aniusmodi, et tale, quale est.
ABSOLUTELY, || completely, perfecte: absolute (without defect): plane.prorsus, omnino (quite). || Unconditionally, sine adjunctione; sine exceptione (without condition or exception).||| In an unlimited manner, arbitratu suo (according to his own judgment):libidine or ex libidine (by his own arbitrary will).|| Separately, per se; simpliciter, et ex sua vi.
ABSOLVE, || of Judges, properly et improperly, absolvere ; from anything, alicujus rei (e.g., injuriarum, capitis, etc.), or, with reference to anything, aliqua re, de aliqua re (e.g., de regui saspicione; de prævaricatione): exsolvere: from anything, aliqua re (e.g., suspicione): liberare from anything, aliqua re (discharge).To be absolved, liberatum discedere: innocentem or innoxium absolvi; ex judicio emergere.|| Of priests, *peccato rum veniam et impunitatem promittere Dei nomine; *fatentibus peccata remittere (Riddle). To absolve one under Church censures,*aliquem resacrare (Nepos, Alcib., 6).
ABSOLUTION,|| acquittal, absolutio; of a person, alicujus; of a crime (alicujus rei): liberatio (from anything, alicujus rei). || Forgiveness of sins, pœnæ meritæ remissio (Sallustius); veniæ pronuntiatio, venia peccatorum. To pronounce absolution, veniæ pronuntiationem facere (?), *peccatorum veniam et impunitatem promittere Dei nomine. To receive absolution,*peccatorum veniam impetrare. To receive priestly absolution (of a person under Church censures), *per sacerdotem resacrari (? comparative, Nepos., Alcib., 6).ABSONANT, ABSONOUS, absonus (a re aliqua or aliqui rei). Vid. CONTRARY.ABSORB, absorbere (swallow up anything, whether dry or liquid): exsorbere (to suck up): devorare (of solids): exhaurire (to absorb part of a larger body).Figuratively, to occupy the whole of, absorbere (e.g., of a speech; a man’s attention).To be absorbed in a business, in negotio aliquo versari: negotio implicatum esse.To be absorbed in business, occupatissimum esse: multis negotiis (occupationibus) implicitum esse; valde negotiosum esse; multis occupationibus distineri. The interest absorbs the capital, usuræ sortem mergunt, Livius. ||To appropriate to one’s self, exsorbere (e.g, the booty, prædas). || To absorb a color, colorem bibere: imbibere (to drink it in).
ABSTAIN, abstinere or se abstinere (a) re: se continere a re (to hold one’s self back from anything): temperare sibi quominus, etc., temperare (sibi) ab aliqua re (restrain one’s self: not temperare alicui rei. which is, to restrain anything within limits. Temperare aliqua re is not Latin, for in Livius, 30, 20, risu is the dative). To abstain from food, se abstine cibo; from fighting, supersedere pugna or prœlio; from tears, lacrimas tenere, temperare a lacrimis (Vergilius: temperare lacrimas, to moderate them, Livius); from laughter, risum tenere or continere; from a person’s society, alicujus aditum sermonemque defugere; from committing injury and wrong, ab injuria atque maleficio temperare, or se prohibere. Not to be able to abstain from, sibi temperare or se continere non posse (followed by quin): a se impetrare non posse quin.
ABSTEMIOUS, See in ABSTINENT. An abstemious man, homo moderatus, temperans.
An abstemious life, vita moderata, modica. temperata.
ABSTEMIOUSLY, [SYN. in ABSTINENCE],moderate, modeste: temperanter, continenter. To live abstemiously, continentem esse in omni victu cultuque.
ABSTEMIOUSNESS, ABSTINENCE, moderatio (the avoiding upon principle of the too much, as an action):temperantia (general and habitual selfgovernment): continentia (opposed to libido, command over all sensual desires):modestia (is a habitual preference of the modus or true mean: the last three words art qualities): abstinentia (command over the desire for what is another’s). (The words are found in this connection and order.) temperantia et moderatio; moderatio et continentia; continentia et temperantis.Cicero., Off., 3, 26, has moderatio continentiæ et temperantiæ.
ABSTINENT, moderatus (seld.), modicus: modestus: temperans, temperatus: continens. (The words are found in this connection and order), moderatus ac temperans; temperatus moderatusque; contineus ac temperans. Syn. in ABSTINENCE.
ABSTINENTLY, Vid. ABSTEMIOUSLY.
ABSTRACT, || epitome, epitome, summarium:later, breviarium. || Extract, e.g., from plants, dilutum (e.g., absinthii).|| Sum of many things, containing all in one (As in “the abstract of all faults”Shakespeare, “the abstract of them all” Dryden), summa; summa summarum (Plautus, Lucretius, Seneca).
ABSTRACT, v., || Transitively, to separate in the mind, cogitatione separare; mente et cogitatione distinguere; animo contemplari aliquid; avocare se a corpore, et ad rei cogitationem cura omni studioque rapi (all Cicero).|| To take away from, abstrahere, etc. Vid. TAKE AWAY.|| Reduce to an epitome, in angustum or in epitomen cogere. || Intransitively, to abstract from; i.e., take no notice of, put aside, mittere, omittcre, missum facere.
Abstracting from all these, remotis his omnibus; ut hæc omnia sileam or taceam.
ABSTRACT, adj., sevocatus
asensibus; abductus a consuetudine oculorum; ab aspectus judicio remotus. An abstract notion, *notio rei a materia sejunctæ et simplicis; * notio sola mente pereipienda.|| Abstruse, abstrusus (hard to comprehend).In the abstract, cogitatione (opposed to re, in the concrete, Cicero, Tusc., 4, 11, 24). To cultivate habits of abstract thought, animum or aciem mentis a consuetudineoculorum subducere; mentem ab oculis, a sensibus sevocare; animum ad se ipsum advocare; animum a corpore abstrahere or secernere.
ABSTRACTION, || the power of abstraction, animum a corpore abstrahendi vis (after Cicero, Somn. Scip., 9).
ABSTRUSE, abstrusus, obscurus, occultus, involutus, occultus et quasi involutus.Profound and abstruse learning, literæ non vulgares, sed quædam interiores et reconditæ. A somewhat abstruse discussion, disputatio paulo abstrusior, Cicero.
ABSTRUSELY, obscure.
ABSTRUSENESS, obscuritas.
ABSURD, insulsus (=in-salsus): absurdus (foolish, senseless): ineptus (= inaptus, without tact and propriety): inficetus (opposed to facetus. — All three of men and things): fatuus (weak, foolish, of persons). (The words are found in this connection and order), ineptus et absurdus. Somewhat absurd, subabsurdus. Very absurd, perabsurdus. To be absurd, ineptire; nugari, nugas agere. || Contradictory to reason, rationi repugnans. To be absurd, rationi repugnare.
ABSURDITY, insulsitas, absurditas, fatuitas. SYN. in ABSURD. || An absurdity, res insulsa, absurda, inepta, inficeta:ineptiæ, nugæ: deliramentum (a piece of mad absurdity).
ABSURDLY, inepte, absurde, inficete, insulse. || Foolishly, fatue, stulto, stolide.|| Childishly, pueriliter. Somewhat absurdly, subabsurde. Very absurdly, perabsurde.
ABUNDANCE, abundantia, affluentia (the having somewhat more than one uses):libertas (a large supply, without reference to what is required). Abundance of provisions, copiæ (Cæsar, B. G., 1, 30.). Abundance of goods, suppeditatio bonorum.
Abundance of all things, omnium rerum abundantia, affluentia ; affluentes omniumrerum copiæ. Also, (The words are found in this connection and order.) saturitas copiaque.|| To have abundance. Vid. ABOUND.
ABUNDANT, abundans, affluens, copiosus (e.g., patrimonium): uber (e.g., produce, fructus): opimus (e.g., harvest, messis). We have abundant reason to complain, justissime or jure optimo querimur; non sine causa querimur; justissima est causa cur queramur, or querendi.
ABUNDANTLY, abunde, satis superque (more than enough : denote a quality): abundanter (in an abundant manner): cumulate (in heaped-up measure):prolixe, effuse (in superabundance). (The words are found in this connection and order),prolixe effuseque; large effuseque.
Abundantly furnished with anything, liberaliter instructus aliqua re. To reap an abundant harvest, large condere.
ABUSE, v., || use improperly, aliqua re perverse uti or abuti: immodice, intemperanter, insolenter, insolenter et immodice abuti aliqua re (to exceed the limits of modesty or moderation in using anything; e.g., alicujus indulgentia, patientia.From the context, abuti aliqua re may do alone, but its real meaning is only to usecopiously). To abuse to or for anything, ad aliquid. || Abuse the person, aliqua abuti. || To rail at, convicium alicui facere; aliquem conviciis consectari, incessere; alicui maledicere; aliquem maledictis insectari; maledicta in aliquem dicere, conferre, conjicere; probris et maledictis aliquem vexare; maledictis or probris aliquem increpare; maledictis aliquem figere; contumeliosis verbis aliquem prosequi. To abuse anybody through thick and thin, omnibus maledictis aliquem vexare; omnia maledicta in aliquem conferre. To abuse anybody in his absence, alicui absenti maledicere; contumelioise dicere aliquid de aliquo absente; aliquem absentem dente maledico carpere.
ABUSE, s., || the improper use of anything,*usus, or abusus, perversus (a perverse use):*usus, or abusus, immodestus, intemperans, insolens (a use exceeding the bounds of propriety. From the context abusus alone might do, though it means only the using up of anything).|| Inproper custom; mos pravus (against correct and established custom):quod contra jus fasque est (against human and divine laws). An abuse prevails, percrebrescit mos pravus (Tacitus, Ann., 15, 19, near the biginning); to remove abuses,* mores pravos or ea quæ contra jus fasque sunt abolere.|| Railing language, maledictum (any injurious word): convicium (any abusive word): probrum (any attack on another’s honor). To heap abuse on anybody, or load anybody with abuse, omnibus maledictis aliquem vexare ; omnia maledicta in aliquem conferre.
ABUSER, || one who uses improperly, homo perverse (perversely), immodice, intemperanter, insolenter, insolenter et immodice aliqua re abutens.
ABUSIVE, contumeliosus (injurious to a man’s honor): probrosus (the same; but implying a violent outbreak in words):maledicus (using injurious words). An abusive word, vox contumeliosa; verbum contumeliosum. An abusive lampoon, carmen probrosum.
ABUSIVELY, contumeliose, turpiter:maledice.
ABUT ON, finitimum, vicinum, confinem alicui esse (especially of a nation bordering on another): adjacere, imminere alicui terræ; tangere, attingere, contingere terram (especially of adjoining territories; the latter implying a consequent friendship).
ABUTTING ON, finitimus, confinis (having a common boundary): conjunctus alicui loco (locally connected with):continens alicui loco or cum aliquo loco (joining it).
ABYSS, infinita or immensa altitudo:vorago (abyss; chasm): gurges (whirlpool): barathrum (is a poetical expression): profundum (with or without maris; abyss of
the sea). || Figuratively, manifest overwhelming danger; vorago; pestis, pernicies. To plunge into an abyss of danger, ad pestem ante oculos positam proficisci; in præceps ruere.
ACACIA, Acanthus (the Egyptian Acacia, Mimosa Nilotica, Linnæus).
ACADEMY, || association of learned men, academia. To be chosen member of an academy, academiæ socium adscribi.|| School, schola (as a place where instruction is given in the sciences): ludus discendi or literarum (a place where young people are taught to read and write).
ACADEMIC, academicus (properly, relating to the Academia, and consequently to the school of Aristotle).
ACADEMICIAN, * academiæ socius.
ACCEDE, accedere alicui rei or ad aliquid (e.g., to a plan; opposed to abhorrere a re): astipulari alicui ; sentire cum aliquo (assent to): aliquid probare (to approve of): annuere (absolutely, or with ace; to nod assent). To accede to an opinion, sententiæ assentiri; sententiam accipere (to receive it favorably). To accede to anybody’s opinion, alicujus sententiam assensione comprobare (approve of it); alicujus sententiam sequi (to follow it); ad alicujus sententiam accedere (accede to); ire, pedibus ire, discedere, concedere, transire in alicujus sententiam (to accede to an opinion; of a senator passing to the side of him whose opinion he supports; transireimplying that a different opinion was at first entertained).—Not to accede to an opinion, sententiam repudiare; abhorrere a re; assensum cohibere a re; se ab assensu sustinere; assensum retinere.To accede to a league, ad societatem accedere or se applicare.
ACCELERATE, accelerare aliquid (to endeavor to bring anything about quickly): maturare aliquid, or with infinitive (not to put off anything which should be done now; but admaturare is only = to bring anything to maturity, Cæsar, B. G., 7, 54): repræsentare aliquid (to execute anything without delay; even before the time):præcipitare aliquid (to accelerate it too much). To accelerate his departure or journey, maturare or accelerare iter ; properare proficisci (to hasten to set out); mature proficisci (to set out in good time).To accelerate one’s arrival, mature venire.To accelerate one’s ruin, maturare sibi exitum.To accelerate a man’s ruin, præcipitantem impellere.
ACCELERATION, acceleratio, maturatio (both in Auctor ad Herennium).
ACCENT, v., || in pronunciation, certum vocis admovere sonum; cum sono quodam vocis pronuntiare. || In writing, apponere syllabæ notam or apicem (the last, if it is long).
ACCENT, s., || in pronunciation, vocis sonus (Cicero): accentus, tenor (Quintilianus): tonus (Nigidius, ap. Gell., 13, 25).
Acute accent, sonus vocis acutus. || In writing, vocis nota (Gellius, 13, 6): apex (the mark of a long syllable, but different from the circumflex. Spald., Quintilianus, 1, 5, 23). To place an accent. Vid. ACCENT, v.
ACCENTUATE. Vid. ACCENT, v.
ACCENTUATION, voculatio (Nigidius, ap. Gell.): accentus (Gellius).
ACCEPT. (A) Properly, || to receive something offered, accipere: money from anybody, pecuniam ab aliquo (also to allow one’s self to be bribed). || To undertake, suscipere; recipere (the former, especially of free-will ; the latter, on being asked. Both of accepting an office, etc.):not to accept anything; e.g., an office, deprecari munus. (B) Improperly, || approve of ; am satisfied with; accipere (accept it): probare (approve of it): admittere (permit, approve): agnoscere (acknowledge; e.g., praise, honor). Accept an invitation, *promittere se venturum esse; an invitation to dine with anybody, promittere ad cœnam, or promittere ad aliquem (not condicere alicui, which is, toinvite myself to dine with anybody). Not to accept an offered honor, oblatum honorem respuere: an offer of battle, pugnam detrectare. To accept anybody as bail, aliquem vadem accipere. To accept a proposal or terms, coiulitionem accipere; ad conditionem accedere or (after long consideration) descendere (opposed to conditionem respuere, repudiare, or aspernari).To accept it very gladly, *conditionem cupidissime accipere; without hesitation, *non dubito accipere quod defertur; not to accept the proposals of peace, pacis conditionesdimittere. The conditions of peace are accepted, pacis conditiones conveniunt; to accept an excuse, excusationem, or causam, or satisfactionem (a justification) accipere. I accept your explanation or excuse, valet apud me excusatio tua. || Approve and follow: to accept advice, consilium accipere; to accept consolation, consolationem suscipere. || To act toward a person with partial regard, alicujus rationem habere. Not to accept the persons of men, nullius rationem habere: delectum omnem et discrimen omittere; auctoritates omittere.
ACCEPTABLE, acceptus (gladly receieed, welcome): gratus (causing in us a feeling of obligation from its value to us): jucundus (causing in us the feeling of delight): suavis, dulcis, mollis (suavis, dulcis, sweet, mollis, soft; agreeably affecting the mind. All these of persons and things): carus (dear): dilectus (valued, beloved), gratiosus alicui or apud aliquem (high in his favor). An acceptable time, commodum tempus; opportunum or idoneum tempus. Very acceptable, pergratus, perjucundus. To be acceptable, jucundum esse, placere (both of persons and things).
ACCEPTABLENESS, jucunditas, gratia, dulcedo, suavitas. Vid. SYN. in ACCEPTABLE.
ACCEPTABLY, jucunde, suaviter.|| At the right time, opportune, peropportune.
ACCEPTANCE, acceptio: comprobatio (impropr. approval). Acceptance of
bail or security, satisacceptio (Pomponius, Dig., 45, 1, 5).
ACCEPTATION, Vid. MEANING.
ACCESS, || approach., as place, adiItus. To close every access, omnes aditus claudere, intercludere, præcludere ; omnes aditus obstruere (to block up).|| Means or liberty of approaching, aditus. To have access to anything, habere aditum ad aliquid; aditus alicui ad aliquid patet. To debar anybody from access, aditu aliquem prohibere; aditum alicui intercludere. Easy of access, ad aliquem feciles sunt aditus. He is easy of access, aditus ad eum est facilis; eum adire possunt omnes. He is cosy of access to private individuals, faciles aditus (sunt) ad eum privatorum. He is difficult of access, aditus ad eum sunt difficiliores; convenientibus est difficilis; rari est aditus.To give access to, patefacere alicui aditum ad aliquid. To obtain access to anything, aditus sibi comparare ad aliquid. κυρικιμασαηικο|| Increase, addition. Vid. ACCESSION.|| Return or fit of a distemper, accessio (febris, etc.): novæ tentationes (morbi, etc., relapses, opposed to vetus morbus, Cicero, Att., 10, 17, 2).
ACCESSIBLE, patens, facilis accessu (of places): ad aliquem faciles sunt aditus (of persons). To be accessible, patere (of places : for persons, vid. “easy of access,” under ACCESS).To render anything accessible to anybody, aditum alicui dare ad aliquid ; patefacere alicui aditum or viam ad aliquid. He is accessible to flatterers, aliquem or facilem aditum ad aures alicujus adulatores habent.
ACCESSION, accessio (both accession in the abstract; and the added portion, or accession in the concrete): incrementum (increase). Accessions of fortune and dignity, accessiones et fortunæ et dignitatis, Cicero. To receive accessions, crescere, accrescere, augeri; incrementis augescere;cumulus accedit alicui rei. To receive large accessions, magnus cumulus accedit alicui rei. They were constantly receiving fresh accessions, augebatur illis copia.|| Act of joining a party, etc., by circumlocution with verb. Your accession to our party, quod tu in partes nostras transiisti, or te nobis adjunxisti, etc. || Time of arriving at; e.g., accession to the throne, initium regni (beginning of reign); or by circumlocution with regnare cœpisse, etc. The day of his accession, dies quo regnare primum cœpit.
ACCESSORY, adj. Vid. ADDITIONAL.
ACCESSORY, s., alicujus rei or alicui rei affinis (e.g., facinori, noxæ, etc.):conscius: correus (a legal term for one put on his trial at the same time on the same charge, Ulpianus): particeps alicujus rei (e.g., conjurationis): socius (e.g., sceleris).These words do not express an accessory as opposed to a principal.
ACCIDENCE, grammatices elementa (Quintilianus). He is learning his accidence, primis elementis or literis imbuitur.
ACCIDENT, || accidental occurrence, casus, res fortuita. Generally to be translated by verb: it was an accident, casu factum est. By accident, forte (by chance; without particular stress on the chance): casu (by chance: opposed to consulto): fortuito, fortuitu (by mere chance: opposed to causa). (The words are found in this connection and order), casu et fortuitu or fortuito; temere (without previous reflection; implying that it would not have been done with it): forte fortuna, (by a lucky chance). To trust to the chapter of accidents, rem in casum ancipitis eventus committere (to trust anything to chance):casum potius quam consilium sequi (to trust to chance rather than counsel). It happened by accident, etc., forte evenit ut; casu accidit ut; forte ita incidit ut. To mention anything by accident, in mentionem alicujus rei incidere. || Accidents = non-essential properties, accidentia, plural (rerum, etc., Quintilianus, τὰ συμβεβηκότα.)
ACCIDENTAL, fortuitus: forte oblatus (accidentally offered, as an opportunity): in casu positus (depending on chance): non necessarius (not necessary).adventitius (not customarily added to it).The accidental concourse of atoms, fortuitus concursus atomorum.
ACCIDENTALLY, Vid. By accident, under ACCIDENT.
ACCLAIM, s., Vid. ACCLAMATION.
ACCLAMATION, acclamatio, clamores (acclamatio especially of the people shouting out in honor of a popular person, in the historians: for in Cicero. it means a shout of disapprobation). (The words are found in this connection and order), plausus clamoresque. To receive anything with acclamations, plausu et clamore prosequi aliquid; with loud acclamations, magno clamore approbare aliquid. To receive anybody with acclamations, acclamare alicui (in Cicero, to cry out against). To receive anybody with loud acclamations, clamore et vocibus alicui astrepere.With loud acclamations, cum plausibus clamoribusque.
ACCLIVITY, acclivitas (collis, Cæsar).
ACCLIVOUS, acclivus or acclivis (opposed to declivis).
ACCOMMODABLE, by circumlocution with accommodari posse ad aliquid.
ACCOMMODATE, Transitively, accommodare aliquid alicui or ad rem; facere or efficere ut aliquid congruat or conveniat cum re (to make anything agree with another). To accommodate the expression to the thoughts, verba ad sensus accommodare;sententias accommodare vocibus.The thoughts are accommodated to the opinions and habits of men, sententiæ aptæ sunt opinionibus hominum et moribus ; to accommodate a speech to the place, the circumstances, and persons, orationem accommodare locis, temporibus et personis.|| To be conformable to. Vid. SUIT. || Oblige anybody in anything, accommodare alicui de aliqua re (Cicero).
ACCOMMODATE, adj., Vid. SUITABLE, FIT.
ACCOMMODATING, obsequens (ready to comply with the wishes of another): facilis (opposed to difficilis, complaisant; easily brought to meet the wishes of others):officiosus (ready to
perform services). To be accommodating toward anybody, alicujus voluntati morem gerere, obsequi.Know that you are a great deal too accommodating, te esse auricula infima mollioremscito (Cicero): The liberality and accommodating spirit of the magistrates, liberalitas atque accommodatio magistratuum (Cicero).
ACCOMMODATION, || adaptation, accommodatio ad aliquid. || Convenience, by circumlocution; e.g., to be an accommodation, utile esse, usui esse, ex usu esse, utilitatem afferre, etc.
ACCOMPANY, (A) Properly, comitari aliquem or aliquid; comitem alicujus esse; comitem se alicui dare, præbere, adjungere (to accompany as a companion): prosequi aliquem or aliquid (to attend, for the purpose of testifying respect):deducere (to attend, as a mark of respect; e.g. a Roman senator from his house to the forum, or from the forum to his house; also, a bride to her new home): sectari, assectari (to attach one’s self to a superior, as one of his followers; e.g., of scholars and dependents): inter comites alicujus aspici (to be one of his companions). To accompany anybody to his residence, prosequi, deducere aliquem domum; to beaccompanied by a crowd, stipari (e.g., non usitata frequentia). (B) Improperly. || To do or testify anything to a departing friend, prosequi aliquem (e.g., with tears and good wishes, lacrimis votisque).To accompany one’s gift with obliging words, munus suum ornare verbis; a song with music, or music with the voice, vocem fidibus jungere; ad chordarum sonum cantare; a song with the lute, carmen formare cithara (v. Gierig, Plinius, Ep., 4, 19, 1). To accompany a singer with the flute, concinere alicui pronuncianti; the horns which accompany the lyre, cornua ea quæ ad nervos resonant in cantibus.
ACCOMPLICE, crimini affinis: conscius (possessing a guilty knowledge):correus (a legal term, Ulpianus in Pandectae).To declare his accomplices, conscios edere; to conceal them, conscios celare.
ACCOMPLISH, conficere (the proper word; e. g., its yearly course, cursus annuos; a task, negotium): efficere, ad effectum perducere (e. g., alicujus mandata): exsequi, persequi (to follow up to the end ; e.g., negotia, alicujus mandata, imperium): peragere (to go through with, to employ one’s self about it from beginning to end; e.g., consulatum): ad exitum adducere, ad finem perducere (to bring anything to its end): absolvere (to finish anything, and have done with it): perficere. || To fulfill, ratum esse jubere. || To be accomplished; of prophecies, etc., evenire, evadere, exitum habere. Our dreams are accomplished, somnia, or quæ somniavimus, evadunt.
ACCOMPLISHED (as participle, v., ACCOMPLISH),|| possessing some elegant learning, tinctus literis: elegantiorum literarum studiosus or amans: elegantiorum literarum intelligens. || It is accomplished, actum est.
ACCOMPLISHER, confector, exsecutor, effector. Vid. verbs under ACCOMPLISH.
ACCOMPLISHMENT, || completion, confectio, exsecutio, effectio. (Vid. the verbs under ACCOMPLISH.) || State of perfection, absolutio, perfectio. (The words are found in this connection and order), absolutio perfectioque. || Accomplishments, elegantiores literæ ; ingenuæ et humanæ artes (but these phrases have a more extensive meaning than accomplishments):humanitas (when spoken of collectively, as forming a character; e.g., I value him on account of his accomplishments).
ACCORD, v., Intransitively, concinere (to be in tune with; to harmonize): concordare (to have the same mind, but may be used of things): consentire (to think the same thing, but may be used of things): convenire, congruere (come together; hence, agree, suit, fit). To accord with anybody or anything, cum aliquo or aliqua re concinere, consentire, congruere. To accord together, inter se concinere, concordare, etc. Trantively, || to accord ( = grant) a request, preces alicujus audire, precibus alicujus cedere. Vid. GRANT.
ACCORD, s., || agreement, consensus, consensio, concentus, convenientia.Syn. under ACCORD, v. With one accord, uno ore (of exclamations, etc.) omnium or communi consensu. Of one’s own accord, sponte (opposed to casu or necessitate; voluntarily): sponte sua (opposed to rogatus, provocatus, invitatus: quite of one’s own accord): ultro ( in an overready, unusual, or unaccountable manner): voluntate (opposed to metu, invitus, coactus, willingly).
ACCORDANCE. Vid. ACCORD.
ACCORDING AS, pro eo ut, generally prout (but not prouti, nor, in this meaning, pro eo ac or pro eo quod). According as the occasion requires, prout res postulat Also by phrases with pro, ex, e:according as each man’s circumstances permitted, pro cujusque facultatibus; accordingas circumstances require; according as occasion may arise, pro re; pro re nata pro tempore; e re; ex tempore; ex re et ex tempore.ACCORDING TO, ad or secundum (with accusative; in agreement with): ex (in consequence of; of an action arising from, or out of, something): de (proceeding from): pro (in proportion to; for). To speak according to truth, ad veritatem loqui: according to nature, secundum naturam: according to the laws, secundum leges (opposed to contra leges): according to your opinion, ex sententia tua, or de sententia tua; imperatores de omnium populorum sententia delecti: according to law, ex lege (as a consequence of, and in conformity with, a particular enactment): according to circumstances, pro tempore et pro re; ex re et ex tempore: according to my consular authority, pro auctoritate consulari: according to my regard for you, pro eo, quanti te facio: according to their several weights, pro eo quantum in quoque sit ponderis. Often by the ablative alone:according to his custom, instituto suo:according to the custom of the Romans, consuetudine Romanorum. || Suitably; in agreement with: convenienter or cougruenter alicui rei; apte ad aliquid.
ACCORDINGLY,
|| in conformity with something before mentioned; ad, secundum, convenienter, etc., governing the thing meant, which is generally omitted in English, or by ut, uti (as) with averb. Thus a sentence like, “to believe rightly and to live accordingly,” must be turned into “to believe rightly and to live according to his belief,” or “as he believes.”|| Consequently, itaque (and so of a consequence naturally following what has been stated): igitur and ergo (consequently, therefore; the latter dwelling more emphatically on the necessity of the consequence): quæ quum ita sint; res quum ita se habeat (this being the case).
ACCOST, alloqui aliquem (the usual expression for addressing a person; e.g., to salute, warn, comfort, etc.): affari aliquem (to accost in a feeling or solemn manner; a more select expression than alloqui, and therefore less common in prose.Used in the present indicative except the 1st person; in participle infinitive and 2d person imperative):appellare aliquem (to address him for the purpose of drawing him into conversation,and saying to him something of importance; or of preferring a request): compellare (in prose, is to address in a harsh, reproachful manner). To accost anybody by name, nominatim or nominans aliquem appellare (nominatim aliquem compello, implies a personal attack). To accost in a friendly, intimate manner, blande, familiariter alloqui aliquem; courteously, politely, liberaliter appellare aliquem.
ACCOUCHEMENT, partus, less frequently puerperium. To be near her accouchement, vicinam esse ad pariendum.
At her first accouchement, primo partu.
ACCOUNT, ratio (account, generally; and also = reckoning: often rationes when the account is a complex one): nomen (the account of an individual who is in a man’s books). A little account, ratiuncula. An account of receipts and expenditure, ratio accepti et expensi. To have a settlement of accounts with anybody, putare rationem cum aliquo; calculum ponere cum aliquo; alicui rationem reddere (of the debtor); aliquem vocare ad calculos (of the creditor). To examine an account, rationem cognoacere; rationes inspicere.To go through a man’s account, rationes alicujus excutere, dispungere. To state and balance an account, rationes conficere et consolidare. To cast up an account, rationes or calculos subducere; rationem inire et subducere. The account agrees, or is right, ratio constat, convenit, apparet. His account of receipts and disbursements comes right, ratio accepti et expensi par est. The account comes right to a farthing, ratio ad nummum convenit. To have an account with anybody (e.g., as a partner, creditor, etc.), ratione cum aliquo conjunctum esse. He has a heavy account against me, grandem pecuniam alicui debeo. I have a heavy account against him, magna ratio mihi cum eo contracta est. To settle an account, rationem expedire, solvere, exsolvere. To demand the settlement of an account, nomen exigere. To draw up or make out an account, rationem conficere. To bring to account, imputare (dative of person against whom); alicui expensum ferre (to set a sum down in one’s accounts as paid to anybody); rationibus inferre; in rationem inducere; or inferre, inducere only; in codicem accepti et expensi referre; to set it down in one’s accounts as given to anybody, in rationibus alicui datum inducere aliquid. Set it down to my account; i.e., against me, mihi expensum feras. To adjust or settle one’s family accounts, rationes familiares componere. To return or give in one’s accounts, rationes referre or ad ærarium referre (of a magistrate who has received public money). On my own account, meo nomine (properly, then improperly, at my own risk). || Reckoning, explanation: to call a man to account, rationem ab aliquo reposcere. To give an account, rationem reddere. The day of account, *dies rationis reddendæ. || Advantage, quæstus, lucrum: to find his account in anything, quæstum facere in aliqua re; satis lucri facere ex aliqua re. || Regard, respect to, ratio: to take account of; i. e., consider, regard, alicujus rei rationem ducere or habere. To take no account of, negligere aliquem or aliquid, nihil curare aliquid. To make no account but that, non or nihil dubitare quin, etc. || Narration, narratio; relatio (e.g., in chronicles, etc., post-Augustan), rei gestæ expositio. To give an account, narrare alicui aliquid or de aliqua re: exponere, explicare (to give a full account):enarrare (to give a full and orderly account).
Also pluribus verbis exponere; rem ordine enarrare; cuncta, ut sunt acta, exponere; enarrare alicui rem, quo pacto se habeat. There are two accounts of that, de aliqua re duplex memoria est, or (for reports of recent events) duplex fama est. There are different accounts (in books, etc.), variatur memoria actæ rei. || Estimation, value: to be of small or of no account, nullius ponderis esse; ponderis nihil habere (of things):tenui or nulla auctoritate esse; in nullo esse numero (of persons). To be of account, aliquo loco et numero esse apud aliquem; multum auctoritate valere or posse apud aliquem. || On account, in antecessum (i.e., in advance, with dare, solvere, accipere. Seneca, post-Augustan). ON ACCOUNT OF, ob (for; for the sake of; referring to an object to be attained or benefited; e.g., to “an advantage to be attained,” “the commonwealth to be benefited,” merit to be rewarded, etc.): propter (denotes a proximate cause or motive: it properly denotes vicinity): per (denotes dependence on something): de (with respect to): causa (from the cause; for the sake of: denotes a thing or person viewed as the cause of an action): gratia (with genitive, out of favor; for the sake of): ergo (with genitive in consideration of a fact stated): pro (for ; in proportion to, or agreement with; in return for): præ (denotes the preventive cause: hence only in negative sentences): for some advantage, ob aliquid emolumentum: to take money for judging a cause, ob rem judicandam:she could not do it on account of her age, per ætatem: on account of the season of the year, propter anni tempus; propter hanc causam, quod; ob eam causam, quia; certis de causis; omnium salutis causa; ætatis atque honoris gratiea. To be heard with difficulty on account of (= for) the noise, præ strepitu vix audiri.To be praised on account of something, alicujus rei nomine laudari; ab aliqua re laudari, commendari. To march negligently on account of (= in consequence of) his success, negligentius ab re bene gesta ire (Livius).ACCOUNT, v., || esteem, ponere with in and the ablative: to account anything a vice, ponere aliquid in vitiis: ducere (with dative of what one esteems it; ducere sibi aliquid laudi): numerare aliquid in alicujus rei loco (e.g., to account a thing a kindness, in benelicii loco). To account anything a gain, deputare aliquid esse in lucro (Terentius, Phormio, 2, 1, 16).
ACCOUNT FOR, rationem, causam afferre, or afferre only, followed by cur: cur credam, afferre possum: to account for this, rationes cur hoc ita sit afferre: to account satisfactorily for, justas causas afferre alicujus rei, or cur with subjunctive: illustrare aliquid; lucem or lumen alicui rei afferre (not affundere), dare lumen alicui rei (to throw light upon): explanare aliquid (to make anything plain): aperire (to uncover, unveil: all these are said of what was before dark or confused). To account for a mistake, errorem aperire (to show its nature, and how it arose). To account for one thing from another, causam alicujus rei repetere ex re. To be difficult to account for, difliciles habere explicatus (of what it is difficult to makeintelligible). || To have to render an account of, rationem reddere alicujus rei or de aliqua re.
ACCOUNT-BOOK, rationes (properly, accounts): codex accepti et expensi:from the context, codex or tabulæ alone may do: adversaria, orum (a day-book, from which items were transferred to the ledger, codex or tabulæ): to keep an account, rationes, codicem instituere; tabulas conficere. To set down in an accountbook, in rationes, in codicem, in tabulas, in adversaria referre.
ACCOUNTABLE, alicui ratio reddenda est. || One who makes himself answerable; to be accountable, præstare aliquid. I am accountable for that, mihi res præstanda est. To make one’s self accountable, aliquid in se recipere (to take it on one’s self).
ACCOUNTANT, tabularius, calculator, rationarius (all terms of the Roman empire): actor summarum (cashier, steward, book-keeper; who had to collect his master’s rents, etc., time of empire).
ACCOUTRE, armare (to provide with arms or other implements): instruere (to furnish with): ornare, adornare, exornare (to fit out or equip with what is ornamental or necessary). (The words are found in this connection and order), ornare (exornare) atque instruere.
ACCOUTREMENT, armatus (the action of equipping; not instructio): arma (nominative plural), armatura (the thing with which one is accoutred): ornatus, ornamenta, nominative plural, (handsome equipment). || Garments, vestis, vestimenta, nominative plural.
ACCREDIT, contirmare ; alicui rei fidem addere or facere. An accredited ambassador, legatus cum publica auctoritate et testimonio missus (vid. Cicero, 1 Verr., 3, 7) ; legatus cum publico testimonio missus (Cicero, Oratio Pro Archia, 4, 8) ; legatus pubUce missus (Cicero, 2 Verr., 5, 13).
ACCRETION, accretio (opposed to diminutio : used by Cicero of the moon’s light).
ACCRUE, provenire (spring up, grow, as crops, etc.): accedere (to be added to):ex aliqua re nasci, oriri (to be born, to arise).
ACCUBATION, accubitio (accubatio, false reading); accubitus, -ûs.
ACCUMULATE, cumulare, accumulare (the former to heap up to the full measure: the latter to heap up more and more):acervare, coacervare (to make a heap of anything; to heap together): aggerare, exaggerare (to heap up high: post-Augustan in prose): augere (to increase):addere aliquid alicui rei. To accumulate wealth, pecunias coacervare; acervos nummorum construere (opes exaggerare, Phædrus).
ACCUMULATION, acervatio (Plinius), coacervatio (Gaj. Dig., 2, 1, 11 : by Cicero as a figure of rhetoric : accumulatio is only used in the sense of heaping up earth about the roots of trees).
ACCUMULATOR, accumulator (opum accumulator, Tacitus).
ACCURACY, cura, accuratio (the latter Cicero, Brut., 67, mira accuratio in componendis rebus). (The words are found in this connection and order), cura et diligentia:subtilitas (acuteness, subtilty; e. g., with mathematical accuracy, geometrica subtilitatedocere aliquid): sometimes diligentia (close application and attention).With the greatest accuracy, accuratissime, exactissime, or sometimes diligentissime.
ACCURATE, diligens (one who pays close attention to his work, that he may fail in no respect): accuratus ( made with exactitude: only of things): exactus (perfectly what it ought to be; of things only: of person. it is only found in the Silver Age: perfect): exquisitus (far sought: hence of extraordinary excellence): subtilis (acute, especially of an orator who, with tact and acuteness, chooses the best expressions, illustrations, etc.: then of things which give proof of such acuteness, e. g.,of a speech): limatus, politus(of a refined, polished orator and style). (The words are found in this connection and order), limatus et politus; accuratus et politus. An accurate style, limatius dicendi genus, oratio accurata et polita, limata et polita;oratio subtilis. An accurate knowledge of anything, alicujus rei interior scientia.
An accurate judgment, jadicium subtile, or limatum et politum. To subject anything to an accurate investigation, diligenter exquirere, subtiliter quærere aliquid.To give an accurate description of anything, accurate or diligenter describere aliquid. To give (= write) anybody an accurate account of anything, diligenter scribere de re ad aliquem. || With accuracy. Vid. ACCURATELY.
ACCURATELY, diligenter, accurate. (The words are found in this connection and order), diligenter et accurate; accurate et exquisite: exacte; subtiliter. (SYN. under ACCURATE.)
ACCURSE, Vid. CURSE.
ACCURSED, devotus (actually under a curse pronounced): exsecrabilis, exsecrandus (deserving execration): nefarius, nefandus (impious, wicked: especially against what is holy. The latter of things only).
ACCUSABLE, accusabilis, accusandus, reprehendendus, vituperabilis, vituperandus, reprehensione, or vituperatione dignus. (SYN. of reprehendere and vituperare under BLAME.)
ACCUSATION, accusatio, incusatio, insimulatio, criminatio (all as actions. SYN. under ACCUSE): crimen (charge):calumnia (false accusation). To defend anybody against an accusation, crimen defendere ab aliquo. To defend one’s self against an accusation, crimen amoliri, propulsare; culpam a se amovere: crimen diluere or criminationem dissolvere (to show its injustice or groundlessness).|| As a law term, querimonia, querela (complaint: the former from a sense of injustice; the latter from a feeling of vexation): delatio nominis (giving the name of the accused to the judge): periculom (at causing danger to the accused): actio (general term for the legal proceedings, whether in a civil or criminal cause): accosatio (the charge made, especially in a criminal court): petitio, postulatio (in civil causes: demand for restitution or redress): vindicatio (civil action to recover a thing): condictio (civil action on account of a person): formula (the pleading: the formula according to which the accusation was drawn up): libellus (the written accusation). Not. dica, δίκη = actio, in civil causes, when the trial spoken of took place in a Greek court.
ACCUSATIVE (case), accusativus (scilicet, casus, Quintilianus): casus accusandi (Varro).
ACCUSATORY, accusatorius. An accusatory libel; i. e., written charge, libellus, accusatio (not accusatorius libellus).To prefer or set forth an accusatory libel against anybody, libellum de aliquo dare(Plinius). In an accusatory manner, accusatorie, accosatorio more et jure.
ACCUSE, accusare (to accuse in a criminal court): incusare (to accuse, but not in a court of justice): insimulare, in alicujus rei insimulationem vocare (to cause anybody to be suspected of a crime, whether justly or unjutly): arguere crimine or de crimine (έλέγχειν, to charge, and make the charge good by proofs, whether in a court of justice or not): culpam in aliquem conferre, in culpa ponere aliquem, alicui culpam attribuere (lay the blame of anything on anybody: culpare is poetical and post-Augustan): crimen alicui afferre or inferre; in crimen vocare or adducere; crimen in aliquem conferre; crimine compellare (to tax or charge a man with, whether justly or not): criminari (to accuse in a bad sense; e.g. for the purpose of blackening a man’s character): condemnare aliquem alicujus rei (properly to condemn: but sometimes the antecedensof condemnation, to accuse justly; e.g., alliquem iniquitatis, Herzog, B. G., 7, 19): reum facere or agere (bring before a court as a defendant): calumuniari (to accuse calumniously, sophistically, etc.): aliquid alicui objicere or objectare (to cast anything in a man’s teeth; reproach him with). To accuse falsely, falso crimine or falsis criminationibus insimulare; falso conferre aliquid in aliquem; crimen or aliquid criminis alicui or in aliquem contingere.
ACCUSED, An accused person, or the accused, reus (if in a court of justice).
ACCUSER, accusator: criminator, calumniator. (See verbs under ACCUSE).
Actor (the manager of a judicial impeachment).
ACCUSTOM, To accustom anybody, consuefacere aliquem with infinitive or ut, ne.To accustom anybody to anything, aliquem assuefacere aliqua re (Cicero, Cæsar),or (post-Augustan) alicui rei or ad aliquem.The transitive use of the originally intransitive consuescere, assuescere, was unknown to the great prose writers.To accustom one’s self, consuescere or assuescere, with infinitive or ablative (post-Augustan, also with dative or ad aliquid; assuescere even in Cæsar, B. G., 6, 28); assuescere in aliquid: also se assuefacere aliqua re.
ACCUSTOMED, assuefactus or assnetus aliqua re. To have grown accustomed to living at Alexandrea, jam in consuetudinem Alexandrinæ vitæ venisse.
ACE, unio (late: Tertullianus). To bate an ace of anything, ne pilum quidem unum deminuere or detrahere de aliqua re.
ACERBITY, austeritas, acerbitas, amaritas. SYN. under SOUR.
ACHE, (no Latin word expresses the notion of ache as a particular kind ofpain), dolor (pain generally, whether of body or mind): cruciatus (excruciating pain):tormentum (torture; racking pain).
ACHE, v., dolere (in body or mind):condolescere (mostly in the perfect). The wind had made my head ache, caput mihi de vento condoluit (Plautus): my side ached, condoluit mihi latus (so pes ; dens ; tactum dolore corpus).
ACHE-BONE, coxa, coxendix; os coxæ.
ACHIEVABLE, quod effici, ad effectum adduci potest.
ACHIEVE, conficere (to bring to an end, so that the labor is over; to finish, without reference to the production of a perfect work: itinera, mandata connciuntur, non perficiuntur nec absolvuntur. D.): efficere, ad effectum adducere (to bring to actual edstence): perticere (to carry through to the end; to make anything perfect: opposed to inchoare, to begin): absolvere (to fmish off, so that no more remains to be done; to make complete:opposed to inchoare, instituere). (The words are found in this connection and order.) absolvere ac (et) perficere: peragere (to carry a business through): exsequi, persequi (to follow up till it is done : especially of things done by rule or dirtction, officium, mandata): ad finem adducere (to bring anything to its intended end; to complete): patrare (of important actions publicly performed: an old and solemn word, that had probably a religious meaning at first: strengthened perpetrare):sometimes facere alone (opposed to cogitare).To be able to achieve anything, parem esse alicui rei exsequendæ.|| Obtain by exertion, adipisci,
assequi (the former dwelling more on the objectachieved: the latter on the persevering exertions by which it was achieved). To achieve peace, pacem perpetrare (Livius).
ACHIEVEMENT, || completion ; performance, exsecutio. || Heroic action, facinus magnum (any great action), res prseclare gesta. || Achievements, res gestæ (not confined to successes in war). || Escutcheon, insigne generis (cf. Cicero, pro Sulld, 31, 88).
ACHING, s., See ACHE.
ACID, acidus (opposed to dulcis: sour to taste or smell). (The words are found in this connection and order), acer acidusque.Somewhat acid, acidulus, subacidus. Very acid, acidissimus, peracerbus, acerbissimus, peracer, acerrimus: malum acidum = an apple sour, though ripe ; malum acerbum, an apple sour, because unripe.To be acid, acere, acidum, or acerbum, or acrem esse gustatu. To be turning acid, acescere, coacescere. Vid. SOUR.
ACIDIFY, acidum facere.
ACIDITY, aciditas (late) : acidus sapor (acid taste). || Something acid, acidum.
ACKNOWLEDGE, agnoscere, cognoscere (to recognize anything, then to acknowledge it to be what it is): appellare aliquem (with accusative of a title : to acknowledge, e.g., a king, etc.). To acknowledge a man for one’s son, agnoscere aliquem tilium: not to acknowledge him as one’s son any longer, abdicare filium. κυρικιμασαηικοTo acknowledge a man as king, regem appellare aliquem (to declare him king), aliquiparere (to obey him): not to acknowledge a man for one’s king, detrectare alicujus imperium. || Confess, fateor( mostly implying a previous question), confiteor, profiteor (confiteor, reluctantly,from being unable to conceal: profiteor, freely, openly), often joined with præ se ferre. To acknowledge openly, honestly, freely, aperte, ingenue, aperte et ingenue, libere confiteri; libere profiteri. To acknowledge a debt, confiteri æs alienum (xii tabb. ap. Gellius, etc.), confiteri nomen : fateri se debere, not to acknowledge a debt, infitiari debitum.To acknowledge a sin, confiteri peccatum (Cicero) or se peccasse. To acknowledge the truth of Christianity, Christum sequi; *doctrinam Christianamprofiteri. || To allow that one has received, implying that one owes a return: to acknowledge kindnesses, beneficia grate interpretari (Plinius, Ep., 2, 13, 9). To acknowledge that they are conquered, unskillful, etc., confiteri se victos, imperitos,etc.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT, agnitio (act of recognizing): confessio (act of confessing).To bring a man to the acknowledgment of anything, aliquem adducere ad confessionem alicujus rei (by kind means):alicui exprimere confessionem alicujus rei or exprimere ut aliquis confiteatur aliquid (by force). To force a man to an acknowledgment, exprimere or extorquere ut fateatur; cogere ut contiteatur or concedat. The acknowledgment of error, * error agnitus. To bring a man to an acknowledgment of his sinn,* facere, efficere, ut agnoscat, intelligat se peccavisse. || To send a man a small acknowledgment, munusculum alicui concinnare (if “small present” will do). || Acknowledgment, the payment of a debt, apocha. To give an acknowledgment, apocham dare.
ACME, the highest point, the height.With circumlocution by adjective, the acme of folly, translate “the greatest folly.” || Crisis of a disorder, critica morbi accessio (Augustinus, Confess, 6, 1. end).
ACONITE, aconitum (Wolf’s-bane).
ACORN, glans, glandis.
ACORNS (botanical), acorus, calamus odo ratus or aromaticus, calamus (if tha species need not be mentioned).
ACOUSTICS, *acustica.
ACQUAINT, || inform, Vid. || Acquaint one’s self with, noscere, cognoscere (especially by experience): discere (to learn): percipere (to get a clear notion of, especially by one’s own observation and experience).(a) ACQUAINTED, to be or become ; with PERSONS. To become acquainted with each other, se inter se noscere. To become better acquainted with anybody (i. e, with his character), propios inspicerealiquem. To be well acquainted with a man, aliquem bene, optime, pulchre, propius nosse (general term): pulchre cognoscere alicujus sensum (his opinions); qui vir et quantus sit altissime inspexisse (his intellectual or moral greatness); aliquem penitus cognoscere; aliquem cognoscere et intelligere.To be thoroughly acquainted with anybody, aliquem penitus inspexisse ; pernosse aliquem qualis sit; intus et in cute nosse (Persius).To make a man acquainted with another, aliquem ad aliquem deducere (to introduce him). To be acquainted with anybody, by sight, aliquem de facie nosse.Not to be acquainted with anybody, non nosse aliquem; aliquis mihi est ignotus;ignorare aliquem (rare in the sense of being unacquainted with his personm as Nepos,
Arist., 1, 4: mostly not to know his character).|| Expressing or implying intimate acquaintance:to be intimately acquainted with, aliquo familiariter or intime uti; in familiaritate alicujus versari.I am intimately acquainted with , magna est mihi cum aliquo familiaritas.(b) ACQUAINTED, to be; with THINGS.
Aliquid intelligere, callere, cognitum or perceptum habere; multum in aliqua re versatum esse (to have had much practice in it): alicujus rei gnarum esse.(SYN, in UNDERSTAND.)Not to be acquainted with anything, aliquid ignorare or nescire; in aliqua re rudem or peregrinum, or hospitem esse; alicujus rei ignarum or imperitum esse.
ACQUAINTANCE,(A) of persons.|| An acquaintance, notus: alicui amicus (a friend): alicui familiaris (an intimate acquaintance). He is an acquaintance of mine, usus mihi et consuetudo or familiaritas mihi cum aliquo intereedit.
An intimate acquaintance, aliquis cujus amicitia familiariter utimur.|| Acquaintance, noti, amici, familiares. To have an extensive acquaintance, multos habere amicos; multis notum esse et familiarem.|| Acquaintance with anybody, cognitio alicujus (the becoming acquainted with a man: dignus
cognitione, worth knowing): notitia alicujus (the being acquainted with): usus ; usus et consuetudo (intercourse with, intimacy): familiaritas (habits of great intimacy). To make acquaintance with, aliquem cognoscere.(B) With things: cognitio alicujus rei (the becoming acquainted with it):notitia alicujus rei (the being acquainted with it): scientia alicujus rei (thorough knowledge, ths result of mental activity).
ACQUIESCE, acquiescere alicui rei, dative or aliqua re (say nothing against it; weaker than assentiri and approbare, Cicero, Acad., 2. 46, acquiescere in aliqua re is to find satisfaction in anything): aliqua re contentum esse (to be contented with): aliquid probare, approbare accipere (to approve of receive favorably).
ACQUIESCENCE, probatio, approbatio, comprobatio (approval): consensio, coisensus, assensus (assent). With your acquiescence, te consentiente or probante.without your acquiescence, te adversante, renuente, nolente.
ACQUIRABLE, *quod adipisci queas:*quod obtineri potest (SYN. under OBTAIN): impetrabilis (what can be obtained by entreaties).
ACQUIRE, parare, comparare (provide, procure by one’s own means): quærere (obtain by seeking; e.g., livelihood, victum; popularity with the common people, gratiam ad populum; glory, sibi gloriam): acquirere (to obtain what one has striven for): colligere (collect; e.g., good-will, favor, etc.): nancisci (obtain with or without trouble; even against one’s wish): adipisci (to achieve by exertion):consequi (to arrive at the object of one’s wish, with or without assistance): assequi (to arrive by exertion at the object of one’s endeadors): obtinere (to obtain and keep possession). To acquire credit parere sibi laudem: money, pecuniam sibi facere, a man’s friendship, alicujus amicitiam sibi comparare; great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere; great wealth and reputation, magnas opes sibi magnumque nomen facere; extensive knowledge, *magnas opes eruditionis sibi comparare. To endeavor to acquire, captare aliquid (e.g., popularity, etc.). To acquire strength, se corroborare.
ACQUIREMENT, || act of acquiring comparatio, adeptio: of popularity, conciliatio gratiæ. || Knowledge acquired, doctrina, eruditio, literæ. A person of extensive acquirements, multarum rerum cognitione imbutus; eruditissimus;optimis artibus eruditus; homo in quo multæ sunt literæ; of extensive and various acquirements, in quo est copia et varietas studiorum.
ACQUISITION, comparatio (act of procuring for one’s self): adeptio (the obtaining what one has striven for). Acquisition of popularity, conciliatio gratiæ.
ACQUIT, || set free, liberare re or a re exsolvere re (release from): eximere re or ex re (to deliver from): levare re (relieve from what is desagreeable e.g., fear, sorrow, pain): expedire re (extricate from): extrahere ex re (drag out of): eripere ex or a re (snatch from).The last three of extricating from unpleasant circumstances; e.g., dangers.|| Pronounce guiltless, absolvere, properly et improperly, of anything, aliqua re or de aliqua re (e.g., regni suspicione, de prævaricatione): exsolvere aliqua re (e. g., suscipione): liberare aliqua re (set free, general term). To be acquitted, liberatum discedere: innocentem or innoxium absolvi; ex judicio emergere. || Discharge a duty, officium exsequi, officio defungi; officii partes explere. To acquit one’s self admirably, etc., officium cumulate reddere (Cicero, ad Div., 5, 8, 2). see DUTY.|| To acquit one’s self like a man, viruni se præstare.
ACQUITTAL, absolutio (anybody’s alicujus; alicujus rei; e. g..majestatis):liberatio (alicujus rei; e.g., culpæ).
ACQUITTANCE, apocha, accepti latio (the former implying payment of the debt; the latter any release from the necessity of payment). A formal acquittance or an acquittance under hand and seal,* apocha manu sigilloque firmata. To give anybody an acquittance, apocham dare.
ACRE, jugerum (really about two thirds of an acre. It was 240 feet in length and 120 in breadth, and contained, therefore, 28 800 square feet. William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities).
ACRID, acer (hot and biting, like mustard, garlic, onions): acerbus (of anything that contracts the tongue; e.g., unripe fruit, sour, opposed to suavis): amarus (opposed to dulcis: nauseously bitter).
ACRIMONIOUS, || acrid, Vid. || Figuratively, of words etc., amarus (bitter): acerbus (sour): asper (rough): mordax (biting):invidiosus (calculated to raise a prejudice against the person attacked): aculeatus (stinging). Acrimonious words, verborum aculei.
ACRIMONY, acerbitas, amaritas (SYN. under ACRID): acrimonio (seldom in literal sense before Plinius, and only of sharpness to the taste; an invigorating, strengthening sharpness. Not figurative in the sense of our acrimony).
ACRITUDE. Vid. ACRIMONY.
ACROSS, adv., in transversum; ex or de transverso; per transversum. Something comes across my mind, aliquid mihi de improviso objicitur.|| Crosswise, Vid. To shake hands across, alicujus manus decussatim constringere.ACROSS, preposition, transitive, To march an army across the Rhone, trajicere exercitum Rhodanum or trans Rhodanum.
ACROSTIC, ea quæ ἀκροστιχίς dicitur (Cicero., Div.,2,54).
ACT, v., || Do, agere, facere (agere, like πρἀττειν, refers more to the simple acting than to the results of it; facere, like ποιεˆιν, refers to the action qnd its results: to act well or ill, recte or male agere,
and recte or male facere; but the latter only so far as the effect of the action is, or is not, what it should be). || Behare. se gerere (e.g., shamefully). To act like a man, virum se præstare. || Exert force, vim habere (not vim exserere, which is not Latin): efficacem esse (to work or be effective).The medicine acts, cincipitur venis medicamentum : does not act meicamentum imbecillius est quam morbus: the medicine acts so powerfully, tanta vis est medicamenti: the medicine acts well, commode facit (Celsus).To act upon anything, vim habere or exercere in aliquid:on anybody, aliquem or alicujus animum movere, commovere. It acts upon me in different ways, vanie afficior aliqua re. It acts differently upon me, aliquid aliter fero. || To be in effective action; of things, in effectu esse (e.g., machines). || Act a part on the stage, or in life, agere aliquem or alicujus partes; alicujus personam tueri (not alicujus personam agere): simulare aliquem, or with accusative and infinitive (to pretend to be anybody). Ludere aliquem unclassical; exhibere aliquem un-Latin. To act a play, fabulam agere (not fabulam docere, which is said of the auther only).To forbid the players to act, histrionibus ecenam interdicere (Sn.). The players will not act to-night, * histriones hodie in scenam non prodibunt.
ACT, n., factum (what has been actually done): facinus(deed, contemplated as the act of a free agent, and as an evidence of strength of character, for good or for evil):opus (work ; the product of a faciens).|| Acts, facta (general term): res gestæ gesta, orum, sometimes res only (acts performedin the line of one’s duty or office; especially exploits, achievements in war):acta (actions performed according to particular rules; measures, e.g., of a politician): actiones (doings; goings on; implying a continued course. Herzog, ad B. Civ.,1, 5). Acts of the Apostles, * Apostolorum acta or res gestæ. || A noble act, egregie or egregium factum; facinus præclarum. An immortal act, facinus or opus immortale. Honorable, glorious act, laudes, decora, plural. To perform an act, facinus facere, conticere; opus edere. A wicked act, facinus, flagitium scelus committere; scelus facere, perficere, admittere.|| In the very act, in manifesto focinore (e.g., to be caught, deprehendi; in re præsenti is, on the spot where the occurrence took place. || Act of amnesty, oblivio sempiterna (Cicero): oblivio quam Athenienses ἀμνηστίαν vocant (Valerius Maximus): lex ne quis ante actarum rerum accusetur, neve multetur (a law). Vid. AMNESTY.|| Acts of a court, tabulæ (general term): literæ publicæ (archives) acta publica, or acta only ( recorded proceedings of the Senate, people, or individual magistrates).To record in the acts, m acta referre.To be contained in the acts. in actis esse.ACTION, || thing done. Vid. ACTIVE.
Acting, actio (doing, anything done):actus. To be in action, in actu esse (Seneca).|| Action, in law. Actio (the legal proceedings; the trial):lis (the actual trial or contest): causa (the grounds of it; each party’s case): res (the subject of it; the whole case): dica (Greek, only of a civil cause before a Greek court). A civil action, causa privata. A criminal action, causa publica (for an offence against the state; causa capitalis, if the penalty is death).To BRING AN ACTION AGAINST ANYBODY (1) generally: lege agere cum aliquo (not in aliquem): actionem alicui intendere; formulam alicui intendere (to prefer a written accusation against him); judicio experiri cum aliquo; judicio persecui aliquem; on account of anything, (lege) agere alicujus rei or de re; judicio or legibus experiri de re; against anything, lege agere in or adversus aliquid.(2) In civil causes: aliquem in jus vocare ( to call him before a court): dicam aicui scribere, subscribere, or impingere (to prefer a written accusation, with name of accuser, defendant, etc., before a Greek court) (3) In criminal causes, delationem nominis postulare in aliquem (properly, to ask permission of the judge to deliver in the name of the accused person; then to accuse generally): nomen alicujus ad judicem or judices deferre: judicium postulare in aliquem: aliquem in judicium adducere; aliquem in jus educere; aliquem ducere or educere (to bring him before a court): periculum alicui creare or facessere (to put him in peril): aliquem reum agere or facere (to make him an accused person): aliquem (reum) citare (to cite him before acourt): aliquem accusare (to accuse him formally). For anything, nomen alicujus deferre de re: deferre aliquem alicuijus rei (also with ad jadices): aliquem reum alicujus rei citare or agere ; aliquem judicio alicujus rei, or only aliquem alicujus rei arcessere; aliquem reum alicujus rei postulare; and postulare aliquem alicujus rei or de re.To bring an action against anybody for damages, aliquem judicio recuperatoriopersequi. (Vid. RECUPERATOR). I hate an action, i.e., ground of action, habeo actionem; est actio in aliquem. An action lies against anybody, actio competit in aliquem. To show a man how he must bring his action, actionem alicui demonstrare. || Of an orator, including both voice and gesture, actio. || Battle. Vid.|| Of a play, actio (an incident in it ; or its incidents): argumentum fabulæ (its general subject). A play abounding in action, fabula actuosa: deficient in action, parum actuosa.
ACTIONABLE, (res) accusabilis (Ochsner, Cicero, Ecl, p. 105). Anything is actionable or not actionable, est alicujus rei (ulla) or nulla actio. A person’s conduct is actionable, est actio in aliquem. || Sometimes, pœna or supplicio dignus (the latter of the severest punishment): animadvertendus (to be noticed, and visited with punishment).
ACTIVE, industrius, navus, operosus, laboriosus, assiduus, diligens, sedulus (Syn. under ACTIVITY): actuosus (opposed to nihil agens, inclined to action, full of activity; e.g., of virtue, the mind, etc.; or opposed to quietus, of an actite life. It can not be used safely in any other relations: still rarer is activus, which occurs in Seneca in philosophia activa, opposed to contemplativa): acer (full of fire and energy): impiger (setting to work vigorously; unwearied by exertions):setrennus (rigorously and earnestly active: e.g., mercator): agens, ciens (active in philosophy, opposed to patibilis, passive). (The words are found in this connection and order), navus et industrius: industrius et acer: acer et industrius: operosus et semper agens aliquid et moliens. Active in business, in rebus gerendis acer et industrius.To be always active, semper agere aliquid (et moliri): to be active (of things), vigere. To be active in anybody’s cause, niti pro aliquo:”he used to say that he was never more active than when he was doing nothing,” dicebat nunquam se plus agere quam nihil quum ageret.|| Active verb, verbum agens (opposed to verbum patiendi, Gellius, 18, 12, end).
ACTIVITY, opera (activity, unemphatically; opposed to momentary inactivity, or merely thinking, talking, or advising): labor (labor, toil): industria (habitual activity of an elevated kind; e.g., in heroes, statesmen): navitas (the useful activity of ordinary men): sedulitas (bustling activity in small matters): assiduitas (persevering industry): diligentia (careful, close application): impigritas (unweariedness):actio (acting). Agility, pernicitas (activity and dexterity in all bodily movements): agilitas (opposed to tarditas).
ACTIVELY, naviter, strenue, impigre, enixe (with all one’s might). || With agility, perniciter, agiliter (both post-Augustan).
ACTOR, artifex scenicus (general term): actor scenicus or actor only (actor, the most respectful term): histrio (the middle term: player): ludio, ludius (the lowest term: pantomimic performer; a player and dancer). Tragic actor, Tragœdus. Comic actor, Comœdus. || Company of actors, familia histrionum; grex histrionum.
ACTRESS, artifex scenica, also scenica only (late. In earlier times even female characters were acted by men).
ACTUAL, verus (true, real): germanus (one’s own, complete, genuine: germanus frater; germanus Stoicus, a genuine Stoic): solidus (substantial, real): certus (certain): ipse (the thing itself).
ACTUALLY, re: re vera: reapse: re et veritate (really, not in words only):sane: profecto (assuredly, words of asseveration).Sometimes quid est aliud (nisi)?
ACTUARY, scriba: actuarius (in the Silver Age, it was a kind of short-hand writer, who took notes of the speeches delivered in a court, Suetonius, Caes.,55).
ACTUATE, movere, commovere (to move): ciere (set in motion, stir up): incitare, coocitare (set in violent motion):impellere (drive or urge to): adducere, inducers (to draw to). Also agere aliquem (Heindorf, Horatius, Satirae, 2, 2, 13).
ACULEATE, aculeatus (armed with a thorn).
ACUMEN. Vid. ACUTENESS.
ACUTE, || sharp, propr. Vid. An acute angle, angulus acutus. || Of the senses, acutus: sagax (having a fine sense of hearing or smelling; sagacious).OBSERVE, oculi acuti ; oculi acres et acuti; visus acer: acer videndi sensus: nares acutæ, nasus sagax, aures acutæ. || Of the mental faculties, acutus (sharp):acer (vigorous, of powerful comprehension, penetrating): subtilis (fine, discriminating accurately): argutus (over-acute; making too fine distinctions): perspicax (clear-sighted). An acute understanding, ingenium acre or acutum: mens acris.Very acute, peracutus, peracer: to be very acute, acutissimo, acerrimo esse ingenio:ingenii acumine valere. To be an acute thinker, acrem esse in cogitando.
ACUTELY, || of the senses, acute (cernere, audire): acriter (intueri aliquid).|| Of the mental powers, acute, acriter, subtiliter (Syn. under ACUTE).
ACUTENESS, ingenii acumen or acies (the former implying more of depth; of original and inventive ability) and acumen only: perspicacitas: prudentia perspicax (insight, taking in all at one glance): subtilitas (fine discrimination):sagacitas (the power of accurate investigation).
Acuteness in disputation, acumen disserendi. To possess natural acuteness, natura acutum esse. || Of sight, acies oculorum.
ADAGE, proverbium (the proper word):verbum (a saying): adagio and adagium art very rare, and never met with in the best prose writers. There is an old adage that; an old adage says, est vetus proverbium or verbum: vetus verbum hoc quidem est. According to the old adage, veteri proverbio. As the old adage says, ut est in proverbio; quod proverbii loco dici solet: quod aiunt ; ut aiunt ; ut dicitur. Vid. PROVERB.
ADAMANT, adamas.
ADAMANTINE, adamantinus.
ADAPT, accommodare aliquid alicui rei or ad rem: facere or efficere ut aliquid congruat or conveniat cum re (to make anything suit another thing). To adapt the words to the thoughts, verba ad sensus accommodare; sententias accommodare vocibus: a speech to the place, circumstances, and persons, orationem accommodare locis, temporibus, et personis.ADAPTATION, accommodatio.
ADAPTED, accommodatus alicui rei or ad rem (adapted to): aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid (fit for): conveniens, congruens (unclassical, congruus), consentaneus alicui rei or cuna re (agreeing with, suitable to): idoneus (perfectly suited for some particular purpose, ad aliquid). To be adapted, aptum esse, apte convenire ad aliquid. Not to be adapted to, alienum esse: parum convenire.
ADAYS, Vid. NOWADAYS.
ADD, adjungere aliquid; to anything, alicui rei or ad aliquid: addere aliquid (alicui rei or ad aliquid, to add: used also of writing something additional): adjicere aliquid: to anything, alicui rei or ad aliquid: subjicere:to anything, alicui rei (adjicere used also of additions made by word of mouth or writing; subjicere also of additions in writing; subjicere is always to add below; e.g., an example, exemplum):attribuere (to assign or allot: e.g.. a district to a country, vid., Cæsar, B. C., 1, 35, end.Cicero, Quint., Fr., 1, 1, 11, §33): aspergere aliquid, to anything, alicui rei (to add incidentally; to add a sprinkling of; e.g., of written remarks: hoc aspersi ut scires, etc., Cicero. Not, therefore, annotationes or scholia aspergere. but addere, if they are a regular series): apponere (to place by; to add : also of written additions): to anything, alicui rei or ad aliquid. Not subjungere and subnectere in classical writers = to add co-ordinately. I have added a copy of the letter, exemplar literarum subscripsi, or subscriptum est: literarum exemplar ad te misi. || To add up, summam alicujus rei facere (to find the total): computare (to reckon up): numerare (to count): ratiocinari (to calculate).
ADDER, vipera [coluber berus, Linnæus].|| An adder’s tooth, blood, etc., dens, sanguis, etc., viperinus.
ADDER’S-TONGUE (plant), *ophloglossum (Linnæus).
ADDICTED, deditus alicui rei: studiosus alicujus rei (fondly pursuing it): addictus alicui rei (devoted to it). (The words are found in this connection and order.)addictus et deditus. Also, post-Augustan, devotus alicui ret. (The words are found in this connection and order), deditus devotusque.|| To be addicted to, se dare, dedere, tradere alicui rei (to give one’s self up to): indulgere alicui rei (to indulge in it): studere alicui rei (to pursue it with pleasure). To be wholly addicted to, multum esse in re (e.g., venationibus: totum esse in re). To be addicted to pleasure, voluptatibus deditum esse, servire, astrictum esse: ætatem in voluptatibus collocare: libidinibus se servum præstare.
ADDICTION, studium alicujus rei (eager pursuit of anything).
ADDITION, adjunctio: appositio (the placing to, or adding; e.g., of examples, exemplorum): adjectio: accessio (something added: in rhetoric, an addition that completes a definition): additamentum (thing added). Phrase. To improve a work by additions and corrections, librum crebris locis inculcare et reficere (Cicero): to set anything forth with lying additions, mendaciunculis aspergere aliquid. To make many important additions to his edict, multas res novas in edictum addere(Livius, 1, 30). || Arithmetical addition, calculorum subductio: computatio (calculation generally). By addition and subtraction, addendo deducendoque.
ADDITIONAL, e.g., additional observations, *observationes quæ prioribus addendæ sunt.
ADDLE. || Addled egg, ovum inane, irritum; ovum zephyrinum; ovum urinum; ovum hypenemium; ovum cynosurum.|| Addle-headed, addle-pated, levis (flighty, thoughtless): vanus (empty, idly chattering, etc.): inconsultus, inconsideratus (acting without previous consultation or consideration).
ADDRESS, || accost, Vid. || Address one’s self, se parare or se comparare ; to anything, ad aliquid (to prepare one’s self for it): aggredi ad aliquid (e.g., ad dicendum, to approach it; set about it).|| Address a letter to anybody, alicui inscribere epistolam: dare literas ad aliquem; literas mittere alicui or ad aliquem (to write to, send a letter to: not scribere ad aliquem).
ADDRESS. || Dexterity, habilitas (dexterity of body): habitus (the dexterity gained by the practice of an art or virtue):ars (dexterity in an art): usus alicujus rei (experience and consequent skill): facultas (the power of doing anything, capacity): ingenium ad aliquid aptum or habile (mental aptitude): ingenii dexteritas, or dexteritas only: to anything, ad aliquid (readiness and cleverness in conduct toward others; worldly wisdom, Livius, 28, 18, and 37, 7, end. In the sense of “dexterity” generally, it is not Latin). || Of a letter; direction, præscriptio. || Designation by name and place of abode. What is your address? ubi habitas?|| To pay one’s addresses to, aliquem petere: alicujus amore teneri, captum esse; aliquem in amore habere (to be in love with : cause for effect).|| Speech, alloquium (address of a persuasive, consolatory, or warning kind. A softaddress, blandum or lene alloquium, Livius):allocutio (speaking to): appellatio (accosting a man quietly: e.g., to request anything): compellatio (direct address in a speech ; rhetorical term): oratio (formal, studied speech): concio (address to a popular or miliary assembly, harangue): sermo (speech of an unpremeditated, conversational kind).
ADDUCE, producere (lead forward a person): afferre, proferre (bring forward): memorare, commemorare (make mention of): laudare (especially to praise): citare (to call forth; e.g., aliquem auctorem, as one’s authority ; but rare in this sense). To adduce witnesses, testes proferre, laudare, proferre, citare, excitare:testimony, afferre testimonium: a passage, locum afferre, laudare: a reason, rationem, causam afferre: afferre cur with the subjunctive (e.g., cur credam, afferre possum, Cicero.) — Observe. Since producere testem is correct, we may say producere or afferre scriptorem; but not locum, rationem: citare locum, indicare, efferre, are wrong; also allegare exemplum.
ADDUCTION, || Of examples, passages, etc.: prolatio: commemoratio (the mentioning of them).ADDUCIBLE, qui produci, afferri, etc., potest. Vid. ADDUCE.
ADEPT, || skillful, expert, Vid. || Initiated, mysteriis initiatus; also mysta or mystes.
ADEQUACY, prps, bonitas (goodness):justus numerus (proper number): convenientia (suitableness).
ADEQUATE, quod satis esse videtur or visum est: par: satis idoneus: sufficieus, used absolutely in this sense, belongs to a late age. An adequate knowledge of anything, * satis idonea alicujus rei scientia.|| An adequate supply, satis, with genitive.
ADEQUATELY, satis (sufficienter, late Latin): convenienter, congruenter alicui rei: apte ad aliquid.
ADHERE, adhærere alicui rei Hence, to cling to; of properties, customs, etc.: hærere alicui: manere (to remain).Sin adheres to him, hæret ei peccatum.|| Cling to; am devoted to, adhæresco alicui rei: amplector or amplexus teneo aliquid. To adhere to justice and virtue, justitiæ honestatique adhærescere: justitiam honestatemque amplecti. || Hence = to be an adherent of anybody, deditum, addictum esse, favere, studere alicui: favere alicujus partibus; studiosum esse alicujus; esse e partibus alicujus; sequi, sectari aliquem; sequi alicujus auctoritatem; assectari aliquem; assectam or sectatorem esse alicujus (the last three especially of the followers of some more powerful person). To adhere to a philosophical sect, sequi pbilosophiam; esse ab aliqua disciplina.
ADHERENCE, cohærentia (mutual adherence): alligatio (the tying together, knitting together). || Attachment, studium, amor alicujus: voluntas in aliquem (with or without propensa): caritas alicujus or in aliquem (affection arising from high estimation): observantia (respectful attention).
ADHERENT, assecla (mostly term of contempt; also scholar, follower of a philosophical sect: sectator and assectator, in this sense, belong to the Silver Age): socius, amicus (friend): fautor, studiosus alicujus (favorer): cultor, admirator (admirer).
A man’s adherents (in a political sense), qui sentiunt cum aliquo, qui stant cum or ab aliquo; qui faciunt cum aliquo; qui alicujus partibus favent; qui alicui student. An adherent of the nobility, nobilium amicus, optimatium fautor; nobilitatis fautor or studiosus. || Female adherent, fautrix: cultrix: alicujus studiosa. To be an adherent. See under ADHERE.
ADHESION, || Adhesiveness, lentitia:tenacitas. || Attachment to a person or party; prps., studium alicujus: betterby circumlocution.
ADHESIVE, tenax (sticky, tenacious; e.g., wax): resinaceus (like resin): glutinosus (like glue).
ADHESIVENESS, lentitia (glutinosity): tenacitas.
ADHIBIT, Vid. EMPLOY.
ADHORTATION, Vid. EXHORTATION.
ADIAPHANOUS, non pellucidus: non translucidus. To be adiaphanous, non per- or trans-lucere; lucem non transmittere.
ADIEU, vale ! valeas ! To bid adieu to anybody, aliquem salvere jubeo; alicui valedicere (Silver Age, and poetical). To bid a final adieu, supremum valedicere.Figuratively, to bid adieu to (e.g., life, vice), renuntiare (vitæ, vitiis).ADJACENT, finitimus (lying on the borders of): confinis (having a common boundary): vicinus, propinquus (near); all four with dative: conjunctus alicui loco:continens alicui loco, or cum aliquo loco. Observe, affinis, in this sense, hardly belongs to classical prose (though found Livius, 28, 17, 5): contiguus, conterminus, poetical and late: limitaneus, very late. To be adjacent to, adjacere alicui terræ, or aliquam terram; imminere alicui terræ:tangere, attingere, contingere terram.
ADJECTIVE, appositum, adjectivum.
An adjective, epitheton (Quintilianus).
ADJOIN, transitive, || addere, adjungere, ad-, sub-jicere (aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid: subjicere only alicui rei). SYN. in ADD, intransitive. || To be adjacent to; of countries. Vid. ADJACENT. || Of buildings, continuari alicui loco (to join it).
ADJOINING, || nearest, proximus.
Adjacent. Vid.
ADJOURN, differre, proferre, con-ferre (differre may be used of an indefinite adjournment;
but not pro- or con-ferre):prolatare (e.g., comitia, diem, etc.; to put off): rejicere, reservare (to put off what should be done now): prodicere (diem; to fix a more distant day). To adjourn to another time, in aliud tempus differre, proferre, rejicere: to the next day, aliquid differre in crastinum: in posterum diem conferre: for some days, aliquot dies proferre or promovere. Vid. PUT OFF.
ADJOURNMENT, dilatio, prolatio.To pray for an adjournment, petere dilationem.By adjournment, differendo, proferendo.
ADJUDGE, addicere (general term):adjudicare (pronounce it his, judicially or authoritatively). The property to anybody, bona alicui addicere: the kingdom to Ptolemy, adjudicare regnum Ptolemæo:a triumph, honors, a sum of money to anybody, decernere alicui triumphum, bonores,pecuniam. || Fix a punishment, constituere, dicere: irrogare had not this meaning till the time of the empire; before this it meant to propose the punishment to be inflicted on anybody by the people. To adjudge anybody to suffer such a punishment, constituere alicui pœnam: to pay such a fine, dicere alicui mulctam.
ADJUDICATE, facere judicium: sententiam dicere (by word of mouth) or ferre (by tablets): about anything, alicujus rei or de aliqua re: about anybody, de aliquo.
ADJUDICATION, || act of adjudging property to anybody, addictio; e.g., bonorum (Cicero): adjudicatio (Digests).
ADJUNCT, s., i.e., an accessory thing or person: accessio (e.g., Syphax was an accessio Punici belli, a mere adjunct, not the principal enemy. A lean-to, or building added to a house, was an accessio; and Plinius speaks of cups so ornamented with jewels that the gold was a mere accessio). || An associate or assistant in office, adjutor.
ADJUNCT, adj., joined to, junctus, conjunctus. “If death were adjunct to my act” (Shakespeare), si pœnam sequi oporteret, ut supplicio afficerer.
ADJUNCTION, adjunctio: appositio (act of placing by or after): adjectio.|| Thing joined, accessio: additamentum.
ADJUNCTIVE, || that which is joined, adjunctivus (e.g., modus, the subjunctive, Diomedes) || s., one who joins, adjunctor (Cicero, but only in a bitter, taunting passage).
ADJURATION, || act of proposing an oath: circumlocution by verbs under ADJURE.|| Form of an oath proposed to anybody, jurisjurandi verba or formula : jusjurandum. Vid. OATH. || = Earnest entreaty, obtestatio: obsecratio (SYN. in ADJURE).
ADJURE, || impose a prescribed form of oath, jurejurando, or jusjurandum, or ad jusjurandum aliquem adigere; aliquem sacramento adigere or rogare (of soldiers): jurejurando aliquem astringere, obstringere, obligare (bind by an oath):jusjurandum ab aliquo exigere: jusjurandum alicui deferre. || Nearly = implore:obtestari (to call God to witness, and implore anybody in a suppliant manner, Digests): obsecrare (to implore urgently by all that is holy ; by all a man holds sacred). (The words are found in this connection and order), implorare et obtestari. By anybody, per aliquem. To adjure by all that is sacred, all you hold dear, etc., multis, omnibus, infimis precibus petere, orare ; omnibus precibus orare et obtestari aliquem.
ADJUST, ordinare (general term to bring into order, regulate: disciplinam, Livius; litem, Cicero; res publicas, Horatius): in ordinem adducere, redigere: disponere (to dispose, according to a plan, in various places): digerere, in ordinem digerere (to distribute, so that what belong together may be placed together, and each group be separated from the rest: jus civile in genera, Cicero): dispensare (to distribute proportionately): componere (to arrange, so that the whole may present a pleasing appearance): collocare, constituere (to fix): describere (to sketch, arrange by a written order, describere classes centuriasque ex censu (Livius): explicare (unfold ; to arrange a confused, entangled mass). To adjust hair, capillum componere; crines or capillos digerere; capillos disponere (Ovidius); capillos comere; comam in gradus formare, frangere:the folds of a mantle, etc., collocare chlamydem ut apte pendeat (Ovidius, Met., 2,733): componere pallium or pallam (for chlamydem, pallium, vid. MANTLE). To adjust one’s affairs, rem familiarem constituere; res suas ordinare; res familiarescomponere: a plan of military operations, totius belli rationem describere: a merchant’s or tradesman’s affairs, alicujus negotia explicare: limits, boundaries, fines constituere, terminare. To adjust disputes, controversias componere (Cæsar).|| Adapt one thing to another, accommodare aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid: facere or efficere ut aliquid congruat or conveniat cum re. Vid. ADAPT.
ADJUSTER, ordinator, dispositor (both in the Silver Age); qui aliquid ordinat, disponit, digerit, etc.
ADJUSTMENT, ordinatio: constitutio (e.g., religionum, Cicero): institutio (e. g., rerum, Cicero): accommodatio (rei ad aliquid).Or by circumlocution with verbs under ADJUST.
ADJUTANT, adjutor tribuni militum (after Inscriptiones, Orelli, 3517, where adjutor cornicularii):*adjutor castrensis [optio = prepositions, sergeant].
ADMEASUREMENT, dimensio: assignatio (allotment; e.g., agrorum, Cicero).
ADMENSURATION, dimensio (measurement): assignatio (allotting, allotment. Observe, not attributio, which is the act of referring anybody to some other person for payment).
ADMINISTER, administrare (to manage or administer anything: negotium, rem, bellum,
rempublicam, magistratum): fungi aliqua re (to perform anything thoroughly, and to one’s own satisfaction: munere, officiis, honoribus): gerere (to bear, to carry on; with reference to one’s conduct in power: magistratum,imperium, honores, rempublicam, rem, rem bene, male): præesse alicui rei (to preside over it): procurare (to manage anything for another in his absence).|| Afford, Vid. || Contribute to, Vid.PHRASE, to administer an oath to anybody, alicui jusjurandum deferre (to put him onhis oath; to tender an oath to him): jurejurando aliquem astringere, obstringere, obligare (to bind anybody by oath).To administer physic to anybody, dare alicui medicamentum (ad or contra aliquid): medicamentum potui dare alicui (if it is a draught): adhibere medicinam alicui (to employ it in anybody’s case).To administer poison to anybody, venenum alicui infundere. To administer the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, *celebrare eucharistiam. To administer justice, judicium facere (of coming to a decision in a particular case): jus dicere. dare, reddere (general term for pronouncing sentence, especially of the prætor, and governors of provinces): judicium exercere (to preside over a judicial investigation, as judge).ADMINISTRATION, administratio (general term; e.g., reipublicæ, prædii rustici, etc.): functio (performance of the obligations laid upon one by anything, honorum, etc.): procuratio (management far another in his absence; e.g., alienorum bonorum). || Body intrusted with the management of a nation’s affairs, *qui toti reipublicæ administrandæ præpositi sunt:*qui præfecti sunt rebus publicis: *rerum publicarum curatores: procuratores regni, or qui in procuratione regni sunt (i.e., who rule in the name of a king who is a minor, imbecile, etc.). || Task or office of managing a nation’s affairs, administratio reipublicæ; negotia publica; summa imperii, rerum.
ADMINISTRATOR, administrator:procurator (manager for another): qui aliquid administrat, alicui rei præest, etc.
ADMIRABLE, || worthy of admiration, admiratione dignus; mirandus; admirandus; mirabilis; admirabilis. || Excellent, egregius, eximius, excellens, præcellens, præstans, præstabilis. [SYN.in EXCELLENT.]
ADMIRABILITY, admirabilitas.
ADMIRABLENESS, admirabilitas.
ADMIRABLY, || in a manner that calls for admiration, admirabiliter:admirandum in modum. || Wonderfully, mirum in modum: mirum quantum (in an extraordinary manner or degree). Excellently, admirabiliter: egregie; eximie; excellenter.
ADMIRAL, præfectus classis; dux præfectusque classis; qui classi præest.To make anybody an admiral, præponere aliquem navibus; præficere aliquem classi.To be an admiral, classi præesse, præpositum esse; toti officio maritimo præpositim esse. The admiral’s ship, navis prætoria. The admiral’s flag, *insigne navis prætoriæ.
ADMIRALSHIP, summa imperii maritimi.
ADMIRALTY, toti officio maritimo præpositi (Cæsar, Bellum Civile, 3, 5).
ADMIRATION, miratio, admiratio. To excite admiration, admirationem facere, efficere: admirationem habere (admirationem movere, to excite astonishment, of things). To be seized with admiration, admiratio me capit or incessit. Full of admiration (astonishment), mirabundus.
ADMIRE, mirari (wonder at something new, strange, etc.): admirari (opposed to contemnere, to regard something with admiration as being great or good): suspicere (to look up to with a sense of inferiority).To admire exceedingly, vehementer admirari. To be admired, admiratione affici: to be much admired, in magna admiratione esse. A man who speaks with eloquence and wisdom is greatly admired, magna est admiratio copiose et sapienter dicentis. || Colloquially = to be in love with, amore alicujus teneri or captum esse; aliquem in amore habere; amare.
ADMIRER, admirator. To be a great admirer of anybody, admiratione celebrare aliquem. || Lover, amans (one who really loves): amator (one who acts as if he loved, whether he does or not: a professed lover): of a thing, amans, amicus, amator alicujus rei (the amator showing his feeling by his actions): cultor alicujus rei (one who shows a high estimation of it):studiosus alicujus rei (taking a lively interest in it): consectator alicujus rei (pursuing it eagerly).
ADMIRINGLY, in admirantis modum.
ADMISSIBLE, accipiendus: dignus qui (quæ, quod) accipiatur (acceptabilis only ecclesiastical): probabilis, probandus (meriting approbation of): æquus, commodus (fair : of proposals, conditions, etc.): licitus (allowed). || What ought to be conceded, concedendus.
ADMISSIBILITY, || worthiness of being received, sometimes *commoda ratio, commoditas (agreeableness, suitableness): æquitas (fairness): probabilitas (deceit of approbation). But mostly by circumlocution: to deny the admissibility of anything, rem accipiendam esse negare: admissibility of anybody’s evidence, fides (so far at it deserves credit); graritas (so faras it has weight).
ADMISSION, || the being admitted, or privilege of being admitted, admissio (post-Augustan, the privilege of an audience with the emperor, etc.); aditus.To pray for admission, *peto ut intromittar or recipiar. There is no admission, nemini aditus patet. To procure anybody admission to anybody or anything, alicui aditum patefacere ad aliquem or aliquid.The admission of light, admissus solis.To refuse anybody admission,
alicui aditum negare: alicui aditum conveniendi non dare (to refuse him an audience): janua prohibere: aliquem aditu januæ arcere: aliquem excludere. || Concession, concessio. This admission being made, quo concesso: quibus concessis. See what an admission I make you, i.e., without compulsion, videte quid vobis largiar.
ADMIT, intromittere, admittere: recipere, excipere (to receive): sometimes infundere (to allow to flow in; e.g., homines humiliores in alienum genus, Cicero: agmina in Græciam, Curtius). To admit the enemy into the town, hosti patefacere urbem; hostem in urbem accipere. Not to admit anybody, aliquem introitu prohibere, alicui introitum præcludere (general term, to prevent from entering). Vid. “refuse admission,” under ADMISSION. To admit anybody, alicui aditum dare, aliquem admittere (general term): alicui aditum conveniendi dare; alicui copiam sui dare (to grant an audience). Persons of the lowest rank are admitted to him, nemo tam humilis est, cui non aditus ad eum pateat.|| To concede, concedere: largiri (to concede graciously, without compulsion):fateor (opposed to celare, disclose anything): confiteor (confess in consequence of questions, menaces, compulsion): dare (to present an opponent with it as a preliminary concession). Do you admit that? etc, dasne? with accusative and infinitive. Who can hesitate to admit this? quis hoc non dederit?If you admit this, you must also admit the former, dato hoc, dandum erit illud. Admit this to be so, or to be the ease, tat sane; fac or demus ita esse.|| Admit, admit of = ibe capable of receiving, suffering, etc., [Vid. SUFFER.] To admit of some excuse, habere aliquid excasationis.To admit of no delay, dilationem non pati; dilationem or cunctationem non recipere (both of things).This admits of no doubt, de hoc dubitari non potest.
ADMITTANCE, Vid. ADMISSION.
ADMIX, admiscere aliquid alicui rei:or aliquid aliqua re ; or cum aliqua re (Columella).
ADMIXTION, admixtio (as action):admixtum or res admixta (as thing).
ADMIXTURE, admixtio (as action): admixtum or res admixta (as thing).
ADMONISH, monere, admonere, to anything, aliquid or with ut (to warn by appealing to a man’s reason and judgment ; the latter, mostly, by putting him in mind of something past): hortari, adhortari (to appeal to his will and resolution, mostly from a friendly motive, and by pointing out the advantages of the proposed line of conduct: to exhort); to anything, aliquem ad aliquid (in aliquid not good) or with ut.
ADMONISHER, monitor, admonitor:hortator, exhortator (exhorter, encourager).
ADMONISHMENT, ADMONITION,monitio, admonitio: monitus, admonitus (only in ablative): as thing, monitum, admonitum: hortatio, exhortatio. SYN. in ADMONISH. Not to listen to anybody’s admonitions, aliquem monentem non audire. To listen to anybody’s wise admonitions, * audire or facere ea, quæ quis sapienter monuit: by my admonition, me monente: for your admonition, tui monendi causa (or with partcp., e.g, te moniturus hæc dico).
ADMONITIONER, prps., admonitor non nimis verecundus (Cicero, Fam., 9, 8):censor, or censor castigatorque: patruus (uncle ; so used proverbially, Horatius, Sat, 2, 2,97).
ADMONITORY, monitorius (Seneca).
ADO, || trouble, difficulty, negotium:with much ado, vix, ægre, ægerrime, magno labore, multo negotio, multa opera, multo labore or sudore. To have much ado, to suffer, ægre or ægerrime aliquid pati; to compel them, plurimum negotii habere, ut cogam, etc.: to get them across the river, ægerrime conficere ut flumen transeant. There was muck ado to get it done, difficulter atque ægre tiebat.|| Bustle, tumult, turba or turbæ (seldom), tumultus. To make much ado, tomultum facere, tumultuari: about nothing, excitare fluctus in simpulo, ut dicitur (proverbially, Cicero, de Legg, 3, 16, 36) ; magno conatu magnas nugas dicere (if in words, Terentius). || With no more ado, sine mora or dilatione; statim.
ADOLESCENCE, adolescentia (from 17 to 30, or even 40). Vid. YOUTH.
ADOPT, adoptare (a minor): arrogare (an older person; who may even be the father of a family). || Improperly. To adopt a resolution, consilium capere or inire (faciendi aliquid; or with ut or infinitive; or de aliqua re): constituere (to resolve, to fix). To adopt a reading, lectionem, scripturam recipere.
ADOPTER, adoptator (Gellius, Ulpianus, Digests):arrogator (Gaius, Ulpianus): pater adoptivus (Ulpianus).
ADOPTION, adoptio: arrogatio (SYN. in ADOPT).
ADOPTIVE, adoptivus (Cicero; e.g., filius, pater.)
ADORABLE, venerandus, venerabilis: sancte venerandus: sanctus.
ADORATION, veneratio; adoratio (early, and in Livius, etc.): cultus. Vid. ADORE.
ADORE, venerari, adorare (the latter the stronger, not used by Cicero: both with the addition of ut deum, when spoken of a man to whom divine honor is paid). || In a wider sense = to love and honor, colere (e.g., a female).
ADORER, venerator (poetical, Ovidius):cultor. A zealous or constant adorer, assiduus cultor. || Of a female, etc., cultor (Ovidius). To hare many adorers, in magna admiratione esse.
ADORN, ornare (general term): decorate (opposed to what is ordinary or unseemly: ornare, opposed to what is paltryand incomplete. Digests): exornare (to dress or deck out: also of adorning a speech):distinguere (to relieve, by ornaments placed here and there: also of a speech): comere (to dress, i.e., arrange ornamentally; e.g., the head, hair: also, figuratively, a speech). With anything, ornare, exornare, distinguere, or distinguere et ornare (see before), aliqua re; excolere aliqua re, or ornatu alicujus rei (to embellish with), e.g., the walls with marbles, parietes marmoribus; a roam with pictures, cubiculum tabolarum pictarum ornatu. To adorn one’s self, se exornare (to dress myself out). The heaven adorned with stars, cœlum astris distinctum et omatum. || Be an ornament to, decori, ornamento esse: decus afferre (all alicui or alicui rei).
ADRIFT, by circumlocution, according to the meaning, fluctibus or tempestate jactatus; insalo fiuctuans (Cicero); detersis remis: nullo gubernante; gubernaculo non habilis or ‘inhabilis (Vellei, “neque habilem gnbernaculo”); afflictus. || Figuratively. To run adrift = to wander without guidance (of the mind. etc.), vagari errore vagari et errare.
ADROIT, dexter (prps., post-Augustan in prose): ingeniosus (fertile in expedients, in new ideas): sollers (possessing practical genius and inventive power): scitus (having tact, mother-wit, and the faculty of combination): callidus (clever from acquired knowledge of men and the world).catus (discovering and knowing secret ways and means): prudens (naturally judicious): peritus (alicujus rei, skilled in it).
ADROITLY, dextre (Livius), sollerter, ingeniose, commode, scienter, perite, docte.More adroitly, dexterius (Horatius). He managed the affairs so adroitly, that —, rem — ita dexter egit ut (Livius).ADROITNESS, ingenii dexteritas, or dexteritas only (ad aliquid, Livius, of tact in conduct toward others , in the sense of “adroitness” generally, it is not Latin):sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, peritia: ingenium ad aliquid aptum or habile (natural adroitness, in a particular respect).Syn. in ADROIT.
ADRY, sitiens. To be adry, sitire.
ADSCITITIOUS, adscitus or ascitus (participple, opposed to nativus).
ADSTRICTION, astrictio (adstringent power, Plinius).
ADULATION, adulatio, assentatio. (Vid. FLATTERY). Servile adulation, blanditiæ verniles (such as slaves brought up in their master’s house used, Tacitus, Hist., 59, 4).
ADULATORY, adulatorius (Tacitus), adulabilis (late, Ammianus): blandiens, blandus.
ADULT, adultus; adultæ; ætatis; adulta ætate. An adult, pubes.
ADULTERATE, v., corrumpere (corrupt by an internal change of quality):vitiare (general term, to make faulty, spoil; e.g., pecunias, merces): adulterare (to introduce what is bad or spurious into what is good and genuine; e.g., nummos, gemmas): interpolare (to give anything a good appearance by dressing it up; with additions; e.g., merces: to falsify a document by additions and erasures): transcribere (to falsify in copying). || Commit adultery, adulterium facere, inire, committere, etc. Vid. ADULTERY.
ADULTERATE, ADULTERATED,corruptus, vitiatus, adulteratus, etc. Vid. ADULTERATE, v. Adulterated money, nummus adulterinus (a coin of adulterated metal).
ADULTERATION, adulteratlo. [Vitiatio (post-Augustan, and very rare: corruptio, Cicero, twice, but very rare)] Depravatio (Cicero, otherwise rare).
ADULTERER, adulter (μοιχός): alienarum corruptor feminarum (seducer of other men’s wives). || Adulterer of coin, adulterator (monetæ. Claudius, Saturn., Digests).
ADULTERESS, adultera (μοιχάς).ADULTERINE, adulterinus; adulterino sanguine natus (Plinius).
ADULTEROUS, adulter, a, um. To have had adulterous intercourse with anybody’s wife, adulterio cognovisse alicujusuxorem.
ADULTEROUSLY, *more adulterorum.
ADULTERY, adulterium. To commit adultery, adulterare: adulterium inire, committere, facere: conjugii fidem violare (to break one’s marriage vow: all of single acts): adulteria exercere (of the habit): with anybody’s wife, alicujus uxorem adulterare, or adulterio cognoscere.Taken in adultery, in adulterio deprehensus:in stupro comperta (of a female).
ADUMBRATE, adumbrare (more than to draw an outline, the outline being shaded, Freund: also, to give an imperfect representation in words): delineare (to draw an outline). PHRASES, formam ac speciem alicujus rei adumbrare: tantummodo summas attingere (opposed to res explicare).
ADUMBRATION, imago adumbrata (opposed to effigies solida et expressa):adumbratio (act, and thing formed: also impropr., imperfect representation in words,an attempt, opposed to perfectio).
ADUNATION, adunatio (very late, Cyprianus): conjunctio (Cicero, joining together).
ADUNCITY, aduncitas (e. g., rostrorum, Cicero).
ADUST, exustus (burned or dried up; e.g., ager): adustus (burned
or scorched by the sun; hence embrowned, brown; adustus color): concipiendo igni aptus (inflammable): facilis ad exardescendum (easily ignited): sometimes fragilis (easily broken from being dry).
ADVANCE, v. t., || move forward, properly, promovere (a camp, troops, chessmen, etc.). || Promote to honor, aliquem augere, tollere, attollere (to raise a man to posts of honor in a state): fovere (to show favor to by one’s arts): ornare, exornare (to distinguish): gratia et auctoritate sua subtentare (support by one’s influence). (The words are found in this connection and order), augere atque ornare: augere et adjuvare; fovere ac tollere; sustiuere ac fovere. To advance to anything, producere ad dignitatem (to raise to a post of honor): promovere ad, or in munus, or ad locum (to advance to an office: time of empire. Not promovere alone): muneri præficere (set over anything): munere ornare. To advance anybody to a higher rank or office, aliquem promovere ad (in) ampliorem gradum, ad ampliora officia.|| Forward: to advance anybody’s interests, servire alicujus commodis; rebus or rationibus alicujus consulere or prospicere.The interests or welfare of a state, saluti reipublicæ consulere; rempublicam juvare, tueri; reipublicæ salutem suscipere. A study, studiis favere, studia concelebrare (by pursuing it eagerly: of several persons, Cicero, Invent., 1, 3, 4). || Enlarge, promovere (e.g., imperium, mœnia, etc.). To advance anybody’s fortune, alicujus fortunam ampliticare. || Adorn, Vid. || Accelerate, accelerare aliquid (to hasten anything): maturare aliquid, or with infinitive (to endeavor to bring that to pass which should be performed now): repræsentare aliquid (to do without delay, even before the time): præcipitare aliquid (to hurry it on too much). || Propose, bring forward, etc. To advance an opinion, sententiam dicere (to give or declare an opinion); tueri (to maintain it); aperire (to open or disclose it), etc. || Pay in advance. Vid. ADVANCE, s.
ADVANCE, v. i., || to come forward, procedere (general term: also of a player): progredi (also of a general): prodire (to come forth; hence, also, to project).|| Of an army, vid. MARCH.|| Make progress, procedere, progredi, procedere et progredi, proficere: in anything, in re; processus (never in the Golden Age profectum) facere in re. To advance in virtue, procedere et progredi in virtute; progressionem facere ad virtutem.
ADVANCE, s., progressus, progressio (properly and improperly): processus (improperly).|| Money paid or received in advance, *pecunia in antecessum data or accepta, respectively. To pay anybody in advance, pecuniam alicui in antecessum dare. || A step forward, as it were, to meet a lover and fix his attention: perhaps the nearest notion is blandimentum, blanditiæ.To make advances to, petere: prps., per blandimenta adgredi (used by Tacitus of a mother toward her son): pellicere (ad sese) aliquem, or alicujus animum.
ADVANCE-GUARD, primum agmen.
Antecursores or antecessores agminis (small detachments, sent forward to observe the enemy, fix upon the ground for encamping, etc).
ADVANCER, adjutor alicujus rei (helper, promoter): auctor alicujus rei (the adviser and principal promoter): minister alicujus rei (assistant in a bad action; accomplice, abettor): fautor alicujus or alicujus rei (favorer, supporter).
ADVANCEMENT, || promotion, preferment, dignitatis successio: officium amplius. To hinder anybody’s advancement, aditura ad honores alicui intercludere.To receive advancement, honore augeri ; muneri præfici (of advancement to a particular office). Further advancement, promoveri ad (in) ampliorem gradum, ad ampliora officia; κυρικιμασαηικο ascendere (ad) altiorem gradum. From anybody, by anybody’s interest or support, per aliquem; alicujus beneficio; auctum adjutumque ab aliquo. || Vid. ADVANCE.
ADVANTAGE, conimodum (advantage: also of the adrantages belonging to an office): utilitas (serviceableness, advantage to be derived from anything): fructus (the produce of anything, the profit we derive from a harvesit, possession, bisiness, etc.): lucrum (opposed to damnum: gain, generally): quæstus (gain sought for and earned by trade or any continued labor): compendium (a saving : according to Döderlein, “a single gain of considirable amount” opposed to dispendium):emolumentum (according to Döderlein “opposed to detrimentum: gain falling to one’s share without any exertion of one’s own:”all the other authorities make it the opposite” gain designedly aimed at, and obtained by our own exertions:”nulla emolumenta laborum, Juvenalis). Advantage of ground, loci opportunitas. To derive advantage from, utilitatem or fructum ex aliqua re capere or percipere: lucrum or quæstum ex aliqua re facere. It is of advantage to me, est e re mea; est in rem meam; est mihi utlitati. To be of advantage to, utilem esse, usui esse, ex usu esse (to be serviceable): utilitatem or usum præbere, utilitatem afferre: prodesse, conducere: to anybody, esse ex usu alicujus: esse ex re or in rem alicujus (of a thing): alicui prodesse, etc. (of persons and things). To do anything with advantage to himself, aliquid ad suam utilitatem facere. To have an eye to his own advantage, aliquid ad fructum suum referre: privato suo commodo servire (of the habit). To have a keen or sharp eye to his own advantage, ad suum fructum callere or callidum esse. || Superiority, principatus, prior locus: excellentia, præstantia (excellence). To have the advantage of anybody, aliquo potiorem, priorem esse; aliquem antecedere. In anything, aliqua re præstare alicui or superare, vincere aliquem. || Circumstances of advantage (as properties): virtus
(any mental excellence): bonum (any good thing, valuable property): laus (any property that deserves praise in the eyes of another). External advantages, externa bona; bona in specie posita. Advantages of mind and body, bona animi et corporis.|| The advantage was with the Romans, i.e., the victory, res Romana erat superior. In the skirmishes the Gabini mostly had the advantage, parvis prœliis Gabina res plerumque superior erat. || Opportunity of gain unfairly taken: to take advantage of anything, ex aliqua re suam occasionem petere (e.g., ex incommodo alicujus): aliquid quæstui habere: aliquid in suum turpissimum quæstum conferre (of several things, Cicero).|| To advantage: to appear to advantage, placere; solito magis placere, etc.Not to appear to advantage, parum placere; solito minus placere; displicere.To be dressed to advantage, vestiri honeste (opposcd to quod satis est: vestiri mid.).|| Advantage-ground, locus opportunus: loci opportunitas: figuratively, locus excelsus et illustris (Cicero).
ADVANTAGE, v., prodesse (to be or make for anybody: opposed to obesse, to make against him: ad aliquid): conducere (to contribute to his advantage: ad or in aliquid: only in 3d singular and plural):expedire (to extricate: hence to be of advantage in difficult circumstances: ad aliquid):esse ex usu alicujus, esse ex re or in rem alicujus (to be for his interest). To advantage anybody little, longe alicui abesse (of a thing). || Intransitively, utilem esse:Usui esse: ex usu esse: utilitatem or usum præbere; utilitatem ufferre: prodesse, conducere.
ADVANTAGEOUS, quæstuosus (bringing rich profit; e.g., mercatura): lucrosus (gainful: of gain accruing from the thing itself; e.g., fraus): utilis (serviceable for the purpose of gaining an advantage): all three also; to anybody, alicui:commodus (convenient, serviceable): opportunus (conveniently situated or circumstanced for assisting in the attainment ofan object; of time and place): fructuosus (bringing profit to be enjoyed): saluber, salutaris (healthy: salutary). || To be advantageous. Vid. ADVANTAGE, v.
ADVANTAGEOUSLY, utiliter, bene, salubriter.
ADVANTAGEOUSNESS. Vid. ADVANTAGE.
ADVENT, adventus (arrival, coming).The first Sunday in Advent, dominica prima Adventus (Scriptores Ecclesiastici — Catoch. Concil. Trident.).
ADVENTITIOUS, adventicius or -tius (i.e., “extrinsecus ad nos perveniens : non nostrum aut nostro labore paratum,” Ernesti: opposed to proprius, innatus, insitus). (The words are found in this connection and order), externus et or atque adventicius.
ADVENTURE. Vide ACCIDENT; Chance. || Enterprise, periculum (danger): alea (game of hazard: hazard): facinus, facinus audax (bold deed):dimicatio fortunæ or fortunarum, vitæ or capitis (danger where one’s property or life is at stake). || At all adventures, temere.|| Strange or remarkable occurrence, casus, *casus mirificus: res miræ, mirificæ, inusitatæ. I met with an adventure, res miræ, etc., evenerunt mihi.
ADVENTURE, v. Transitive, aliquid in aleam dare: ire in aleam alicujus rei (to peril or risk anything): aliquid audere (to dare anything): periculum alicujus rei or in aliqua re facere; aliquid tentare, experiri, periclitari (to try one’s luck in a dangerous business). (The words are found in this connection and order), experiri et periclitari.One’s life, committere se periculo mortis. Intransitive, || aleam subire, adire:se in casum dare (to run the risk): audere (to dare).
ADVENTURER, qui tentat ac periclitatur fortunam; *qui incerta fata quærit (one who seeks adventures): homo vagus (a wanderer from land to land).
ADVENTURESOME, Vid. ADVENTUROUS.
ADVENTURESOMENESS, Vid, ADVENTUROUSNESS.
ADVENTUROUS, audens (hold, in a good sense, especially of a single act): audax (bold in good or bad sense: of the habit): confidens (full of self-confidence, in a bad sense): temerarius (rash). (The words are found in this connection and order), temerarius atque audax. To be adventurous, audacem or audacia confidentem esse. || Hazardous, dangerous, of things, periculosus (full of danger): anceps (threatening equal danger from two sides): dubius (doubtful, as to how it may turn out). (The words are found in this connection and order), periculosus et anceps.
ADVENTUROUSLY, audacter, confidenter, temere.
ADVENTUROUSNESS, audentia (boldness as a laudable spirit of enterprise); audacia (boldness, in good or bad sense): confidentia (presumptuous self-confidence):temeritas (rashness).
ADVERB, adverbium. Adverbs of place, loci adverbia (Quintilianus).
ADVERBIAL, adverbii vicem obtinens.
ADVERBIALLY, adverbialiter (Diomedes, Charis., Prisc). To be used adverbially, adverbiorum obtinere vicem (Quintilianus); in adverbium transire (Quintilianus).
ADVERSARIA, || note-book, common place-book, libellus: commentariolum, commentarii (vid. Schütz, Lex. Cic, sub voc. Observe, adversaria is also a day-book, in which accounts were set down at the moment, to be afterward transferred to the ledger).
ADVERSARY, adversarius (any opponent, in the field, politics, a court ofjudicature, etc.): qui contra dicit: qui contra disputat (opponent in a learned argument):
qui alicui adversatur (of any opponent).In the speeches of an advocate, the opponent is mostly designated by iste, without any contemptuous meaning). To be anybody’s adversary, alicui resistere, obsistere, repugnare (to resist by actions):alicui adversari (to be opposed to anybody’s opinion, wishes, views). || If = enemy. Vid.
ADVERSATIVE, adversativus (Priscianus).
ADVERSE, || opposite, adversus, contrarius.
Adverse wind, ventus adversus, contrarius. To have adverse winds, adversis ventis uti; ventus mihi adversum tenet. || Against anybody’s purpose and wish, adversus. Adverse fortune, adversa fortuna, casus tristis, adversus.
Adverse circumstances, res adversæ, incommodæ. || Personally opposed, adversus (opposite): infensus (enraged against). (The words are found in this connection and order), infensus et adversus.
ADVERSITY, adversa (neut plural, opposed to secunda or prospera, unfavorable events, whether happening to individuals or states): res adversæ, fortunæ afflictæ, from the context fortunæ only (unfortunate circumstances; especially with reference to property and civil relations):fortuna adversa (an unhappy fate, the result of blind chance): casus adversus, or from the context casus only (a misfortune happening to an individual): calamitas an accident attended with great loss or injury: also in war): miseria (wretchedness caused by a long-continued pressure of evil). Fortuna mala (evil Fortune, considered as a deity): acerbitates,”sour adversities,” Shakespeare. To be in adversity, to suffer adversity, in malis esse, jacere; in mails versari: in miseria esse, versari.To suffer much adversity, multum malarum rerum sustinere.
ADVERT, animum attendere, advertere ad aliquid: advertere aliquem: animum intendere, or defigere et intendere, in (seldom ad) aliquid; tenere animumattentum, referre animum ad aliquid; cogitationem intendere ad rem (turn one’s thoughts toward anything).
ADVERTENCE, or ADVERTENCY, animi attentio (Cicero): oftener intentio (both, the turning the attention toward anything):diligentia (the care with which one treats a subject): audientia (attention to a speaker, for which intentio may be used). Advertence to anything, observatio alicujus rei (noting it, observing it).
ADVERTENT, artentus, intentus (with a mind attentive, or on the stretch): erectus (with the mind excited).
ADVERTISE, || inform, nunciare alicui aliquid (announce, by letter or by a messenger): per nuncium declarare alicui aliquid (by a messenger): certiorem facere aliquem alicujus rei or de aliqua re (give him certain information: by letter, per literas): docere aliquem aliquid or de re (to give him information): deferre, perferre aliquid ad aliquem (to convey information to anybody): significare alicui aliquid (to give anybody to understand; especially under a promise of secrecy: to give a hint of anything: by letter, literis or per literas.) || To give public notice of, declarare (to announce publicly that something is going to happen; e.g., gladiatorial shows, munera : also ostendere): prædicare (to proclam by a herald, κηρύττειν, ἀνακηρύττειν): pronunciare (παραγγέλλειν publish, cause to be proclaimed by a herald; e.g., orders, names of the conquerors in games, etc.): aperire, patefacere (to spread the knowledge of).
ADVERTISEMENT, indicium, significatio (both as the act of giving information and information given): nuncius (information given, especially by a messenger, but also generally). || Declaration, public notice, prædicatio, pronunciatio. (SYN. in ADVERTISE). || Admonition, monitio, admonitio (action and thing): monitum, admonitum: præceptum (as thins).
ADVERTISER, index: delator (one who gives information to a magistrate: both often = proditor): nuncius (one who brings intelligence). || As name of a newspaper, the nearest expression, is acta diurna, orum.
ADVICE, consilium (general term):præceptum (direction given by one qualified to teach): auctoritas (declared opinion of a person of weight and influence).To give advice to anybody, alicui consilium dare: consilii auctorem esse alicui. To give anybody good, sound, or sensible advice, alicui rectum consilium dare:honest advice, fidele consilium alicui dare:excellent advice, maxime utilia alicui suadere.To ask anybody’s advice, aliquem consulere; by letter, per literas (also of consulting physician), petere consilium ab aliquo. To follow anybody’s advice, sequi alicujus consilium; alicujus consilio uti; alicujus consilio obtemperare. To act by anybody’s advice, facere de or ex alicujus consilio. By my advice, me auctore, suasore, consuasore; me auctore et suasore; or me suasore et auctore; me suasore et impulsore: me hortante (by my exhortation). To despise anybody’s advice, alicujus consilium spernere (Ovidius): aliquem monentem spernere (if it is warning advice, Ovidius). To assist anybody with advice, alicui adesse, præsto adesse, non deesse. || Deliberation, Vid. With advice, consilio, consulte (not consulto), considerate, remota temeritate.Without advice, sine consilio; inconsiderate; temere.|| Intelligence, Vid. || Prudent consideration, consilium.
ADVISABLE, utilis; fructuosus (bringing gain, profit): saluber, salataris (wholesome, salutary). To be advisable, utile esse.
ADVISABLENESS, utilitas.
ADVISE, consilium dare. To advise to anything, to do anything, auctorem esse alicujus rei or with infinitive (of an adviser whose advice is that principally considered): suasorem esse alicujus rei: suadere alicui aliquid or, mostly, with at (to advise by aiming at influencing the understanding): hortatorem esse alicujus rei: hortari aliquid: hortari (aliquem) with ut (to exhort ; to aim at influencing the will). (The words are found in this connection and order), suadere et hortari: auctorem et suasorem esse: monere (to give warning advice, appealing to the consciousness and judgment; followed by ut, ne): censeo (to give it as one’s opinion; with ut, or subj. without ut). To advise to concord, hortari ad concordiam: to peace, pacis auctorem esse; pacem suadere. I advise you to leave off, censeo desistas.|| Inform, Vid. || Consult, Vid.
ADVISED, || acting with deliberation, etc.: consideratus: circumspectus (circumspect): cautas (cautious): providens, prudens (acting with foresight). (The words are found in this connection and order), prudens et providus; prudens et cautus. || Done or chosen with consideration, consideratus: circumspectus.|| Ill advised, inconsideratus (of person and thing: acting or done without deliberation): temerarius (rash): incantus (incautious).
ADVISEDLY, considerate (opposed to inconsiderate): caute (opposed to incaute): consulto, consilio (considerately, with deliberation): de or ex industria:data or dedita opera (with pains; purposely).To do anything advisedly, consulto et cogitatum facio aliquid; aliquid prudens sciensque facio.
ADVISEDNESS, consideratio, considerantia (deliberation): consilium (matura deliberation): attentio : diligentia (heedful care): cautio (caution).
ADVISEMENT, || information, Vid.|| Advisedness, Vid.
ADVISER, suasor: hortator (SYN. in ADVISE): impulsor (one who urges on):monitor (a warning adviser): auctor con silii or consiliorum, or from the context auctor only (the first proposer or principal adiviser of the plan). (The words are found in this connection and order), auctor et con suasor; suasor et auctor; auctor et impulsor: consiliarius (general term, a counsellor: one who stands by anybody to assist him with his advice): consiliorum minister, or minister only (a subordinate adviser).To be anybody’s adviser, aliquem consilio regere. To give anybody to anybody as an adviser, aliquem alicui in consiliam dare. The people has bad advisers, populus malis utitur ministris.
ADVOCACY, advocatio: patrocinium procuratio. (SYN. in ADVOCATE) || Defence, patrocinium: defensio: propugnatio.
ADVOCATE, causarum actor: causidicus (general term, a lawyer who manages causes: the latter a depreciating term).The advocate in a cause, defensor (one who defends another in a court of justice):advocatus (the lawyer who assists and advises anybody in the management of hiscause): actor (one who conducts a judicial accusation for anybody): patronus causæ, patronus (the advocate who spoke in court for his client). In private causes, cognitor (the agent who managed the case of a party who has himself appeared in court):procurator (who conducts the case of an absent person in his own name). Vid., LAWYER. A noisy or blustering advocate, rabula de foro; rabula latratorque. To be an advocate, causas agere, actitare, causas dicere in foro; versari in foro.To be anybody’s advocate, causam dicere pro aliquo: in anything, de aliqua re:defendere aliquem de aliqua re; alicui causæ actorem intercedere. To employ an advocate, adoptare sibi patronum, defensorem; deferre causam ad patronum.|| Champion of a cause, defensor:propugnator (e.g., libertatis, Cicero): patronus (e.g., fœderum).
ADVOCATE, v., pugnare, propugnara pro aliqua re; defendere aliquid.
ADVOWEE, patronus: fem, patrona.
ADVOWSON, jus patronatus (Pandectae).To have the advowson, jus patronatus exercere.
AERIAL, aerius (existing in, or consisting of, our denser atmosphere): ætherius (existing in, or consisting of, the upper and purer air): sometimes spirabilis, flabilis (fit for respiration): cœlestis (existing in, coming from, etc., heaven).|| Lofty, aërius (poetical of mountains, towers, etc.).
AERIE, nidus. Vid. NEST.
AEROLITH, lapis qui cœlo decidit:aërolithus (technical term).
AEROMANCY, aëromantia (Isidorus, Orig., 8, 9).
AEROMETER, aërometron (technical term).
AERONAUT, * aëronautes (technical term).
AERONAUTICS, *ars aëronautica.
AFAR, procul (opposed to juxta, at a considerable distance, but mostly within sight): longe (opposed to prope, at a great distance: mostly out of sight). Both procul and longe = to a great distance and from a great distance: eminus (opposed to comminus: at such a distance as to be in reach only of missiles): e longinquo (opposed to e propinquo, from a really great distance): peregre (from a foreign land). To be afar off, procul or longe abesse. To come from afar, e longinquo venire. To follow afar off, magno or longo intervallo sequi.
AFEARD, territus, exterritus, perterritus, trepidus. Vid. AFRAID.
AFFABILITY, affabilitas; affabilitas sermonis: sometimes civilitas (in a prince): comitas. Syn. in AFFABLE.
AFFABLE, affabilis (pleasantly conversing with inferiors): comis (kind and condescending toward inferiors; obliging toward equals): civilis (of princes, behaving toward their subjects as their fellowcitizen: post-Augustan). [OBSERVE, humanitas is o higher virtue, of which affabilitas, comitas, etc., are partial manifestations.]
AFFABLY, affabiliter (Macrobius): comiter.Very affably, affabilissime (Gellius). To behave affably to everybody, erga omnes se affabilem præstare.
AFFAIR, res (general term): negotium (business). || Affairs = property, etc., res familiaris: res domesticæ, or domesticæ ac familiares. The confusion of his affairs, implicatio rei familiaris. To manage anybody’s affairs, alicujus negotia, or rationes negotiaque procurare. || Somelimes = engagement. Vid. BATTLE.
AFFECT, v., || work or have influence upon, vim habere or exercere in aliquid (vim exserere is not Latin).|| Work upon (move, touch) the mind, movere, commovere, permovere (generalterms): tangere (to touch, make an impression on; aliquem, alicujus animum):frangere (to raise gentle feelings in anybody, aliquem or alicujus animum): percutere (to affect violently): afficere, e. g., lætitia, voluptate, etc. Afficere can not properly be used absolutely for affect in this sense, but only in such combinations as, “Your letter affected me so,” literæ tuæ sic me aflecerunt, ut, etc.: “they were so affected,” eorum animi ita atfecti sunt, ut, etc.: it affects me a little, modice me tangit aliquid: not at all, non laboro de re ( I care nothing about it; e.g., de alicujus morte). To be violently affected, vehementius moveri.|| Work upon injuriously, afficere(e.g., hunger, cold, etc., affect the body):debilitare (weaken): frangere (to oppress the mind): violently, grievously, etc., conficere (almost to destroy; especially of pain of body or mind). To affect the eyes, oculorum aciem obtundere: the cold affects anybody, frigus horrore alicujus corpus aflicit: to affect his body and mind, nervos mentis et corporis frangere: the whole lung is affected, pulmo totus afficitur (Celsus). || Put on the appearance of anything, simulare (pretend): ostendere: jactare: præ se ferre (to assume ostentatiously): affectare (to strive after anything too much : not till the Silver Age). To affect the philosopher in his exterior, philosophiæ studium habitu corporis præ se ferre: constancy, friendship, tears, knowledge of anything, constantiam, amicitiam, lacrimas, scientiam rei simulare: another person’s gait, incessum alicujus inepte exprimere: a serious look, a solemn pace, etc., aliquis sibi vultum, incessum fingit, quo graviorvideatur. || Aim at, endeavor after, affectare aliquid (to pursue an object with eagerness; e.g., imperium in Latinos, regnum, Livius: magniticentiam verborum, Quintilianus): petere, appetere (aim at, long for; e.g., honores, præturam, principatum eloquentiæ, regnum): expetere (pursue one object selected from others, and therefore the more eagerly, pecuniam, divitias): aspirare ad aliquid (rare: ad alicujus pecuniam: ad laudem): captare aliquid (try to catch or obtain; plausum, voluptatem): sequi (to pursue: otium et tranquillitatem vitæ, virtutem). Also persequi, sectari, consectari aliquid; studere alicui rei; concupiscere aliquid; servire, inservire alicui rei; niti, adniti ad aliquid. [Vid. STRIVE.] || To be fond of. Vid. LOVE.
AFFECTATION, affectatio (the endeavor to say or write something surprising. Vid. Bremi ad Suet., Tib., 7): *inepta imitatio (insipid, unnatural imitation): ineptiæ (affected graces in one’s carriage, manners, etc.): *putida elegantia (in writing): simulatio (hypocritical imitation of anything).
AFFECTED, (A) of men: putidus (one who overdoes the thing; especially in speaking): ineptus (forced): molestus (vexatiously silly): arte quadam in ostentationem virtutum compositus: vultuosus (grimacing): gesticulationibus molestus (vexing one by his gestures, attitudes, etc.). To be affected in gait, mollius incedere (of a mincing, tripping, effeminate gait): magnifice incedere (of a stately one): in manner, in gestu mollem esse, gesticulationibus molestum esse:in speech, putide (in an exaggerated manner) or inepte (in a forced manner) dicere or loqui. || (B) of things, putidus (overdone, exaggerated): molestus (troublesome): quæsitus (sought with pains): ascitus (borrowed from others, not natural; opposed to nativus). Affected words, apparata verba. Affected walk, mollior incessus (Ovidius, A. A., 306).
AFFECTEDLY, putide, inepte. Of gait, mollius (mincingly, trippingly), magnifice (in a stately way). To behave affectedly,*putide se gerere. SYN. in AFFECTED.
AFFECTEDNESS. Vid., AFFECTATION.
AFFECTION, || love, etc., amor (general term, but especially a passionate love):caritas (any tender, unsensual affection; especially that of parents toward their children: not used of things, except country, patriae or erga patriam, reipublicæ): pietas (dutiful affection, natural affection; e.g., affection toward the gods, one’s relations, country, etc.): benevolentia (goodwill): studium, voluntas (inclination, liking for): indulgentia (indulgent affection, overlooking offences, faults, etc.). In post-Augustan prose, affectio (Plinius, Tacitus, etc.); affectus (Tacitus, Suetonius, Quintilianus). Affection toward or for anybody, amor in, erga, adversus aliquem; also amor alicujus; pietas, benevolentia, voluntas, in or erga aliquem:studium in aliquem; also alicujus.Maternal affection, materni amoris cura: fraternal affection, fraternus
amor in aliquem. To love anybody with extraordinary affection, singulari amore aliquem amare; aliquem in deliciis habere ; summum me tenet alicujus studium. To gain anybody’s affection, alicujus amorem, benevolentiam, voluntatem sibi conciliare.To cherish anybody’s affection, alicujus amorem fovere; alicujus caritatem retinere. From affection, propter amorem, or benevolentiam; amore impulsus, incitatus, ex amore: from pure affection, ipsa aliqua re captus: for affection, præ amore. || Affection for a thing, amor, studium alicujus rei.To have an affection for anything, alicujus rei esse amantem, studiosum, appetentem,cupidum ; alicujus rei studio teneri, captum esse: sometimes aliquid petere, concupiscere. [Vid. INCLINATION.]|| A state produced in a body or mind, affectio (generally of a temporary state, but also of a permanent one; e.g., affectio animi constans, Cicero.,διάθεσις ψυχῆς):(animi) affectus (in the best prosa writers only, state or disposition of mind; but in of Quintilianus = πἁθος; and in plural, “the affections” generally; also, affection of body, Celsus). || Passion of any kind, affectio, affectus (see just before): animi concitatio: animi impetus:(stronger) animi perturbatio: motus an imi turbatus or perturbatus (violent emotion: animi affectio, the state or disposition: animi motus, commotio, or permotio, emotion of the mind generally). A temporary affection, temporarius animi motus (vid. Quintilianus, 5, 10, 28). Vehement or violent affection, acerrimus animi motus; vehemens animi impetus. Vid. PASSION.
AFFECTIONATE, tener (tender: sensitive): mollis (soft, gentle): blandus (showing visible signs of affection): amoris plenus (full of love): amans (mostly with genitive of a person tenderly beloved; e.g., uxoris): pius (full of dutiful affection to parents, children, etc.): indulgens (overlooking faults). (The words are found in this connection and order), amans indulgensque. [Observe, affectuosus, in very late writers: Macrobius, Cassiodorus, Tertullianus]. Affectionate upbraidings, molles querelæ: to write an affectionate letter to anybody, literas amoris plenas dare ad aliquem: very affectionate words, verba blandissima, amantissima.
AFFECTIONATELY, blande, amanter pie. To look affectionately at anybody, prps., molli vultu aliquem aspicere (Ovidius, Met., 10, 609): to behave affectionately toward, alicui multa blandimenta dare.
AFFECTIONATENESS, pietas (affectionateness as exhibited toward parents, etc.): indulgentia (as shown in overlooking faults, etc.): or by circumlocution with adjective.
AFFIANCE, fiducia (the proper word):fides (belief in a man’s honesty): spes firma or certa (confident expectation). To have affiance in anything or anybody, fidere, confidere alicui rei or alicui: fretum esse aliqua re or aliquo (to build on anything): fiduciam habere alicujus rei (to rely confidently on anything). || Marriage contract, sponsalia.
AFFIANCE, v., spondere, despondere (alicui aliquam: desponsare, late): destinare alicui (jam destinata erat egregio juveni, Plinius) is post-Augustan in the sense of despondere alicui. To affiance one’s self to anybody, despondere sibi aliquam (of the man); alicui desponderi (of the woman).|| Affianced, eponsus; to anybody, sponsa, desponsa alicui (of the woman).
AFFIDAVIT, no exactly corresponding term: prps., testimonium (as opposed to testis or præsens testis) or testimonium recitatum (“testimonia quæ recitari solent,” Callistratus, Digests): [* testimonium affirmate (= cum jurejurando) scriptum (?) or * consignatum literis testimonium (?)].Sometimes jusjurandum only, or * fides jurejurando data. To make affidavit,* affirmate scribere (?) with accusative and infinitive:jurare ; jurejurando firmare.
AFFILIATION. Vid. ADOPTION.
AFFINITY, affinitas. To make affinity with (Bible, Tr.), affinitatem cum aliquo conjungere ; cum aliquo affinitate sese conjungere, sese devincire. Relations by affinity, affines: affinitate conjuncti. To be connected by affinity, affinitate inter se jungi, devinciri. || Close connection, similarity, cognatio, conjunctio. To have an affinity with anything, cognationem habere cum aliqua re; propinquum, finitimum, propinquum et finitimum esse alicui rei: there is some affinity between our souls and the gods, animus tenetur quadam conjunctione deorum: not to bear the least affinity to anything, remotissimum esse a re. || Power of attracting, *attrahendi, quæ dicitur, vis (propr.):* vis ad se illiciendi or attrahendi (improperly).
AFFIRM, aio (opposed to nego: absolutely or with accusative and infinitive): affirmare (assert that something is so): confirmare (affirm and support the assertion by reasons).|| Confirm a contract, law, judgment, etc., sancire (pactum, legem. etc.); alicujus rei auctorem fieri (e.g., legis ; of its reception by the Senate); ratum facere, efficere; ratum esse jubere. (Vid. CONFIRM.)
AFFIRMATION, affirmatio. || Confirmation (Vid.) of a law, etc., confirmatio, auctoritas, fides.
AFFIRMATIVE, aiens (opposed to negans, “negantia contraria aientibus,” Cicero): affirmans (asserting that something is so: in late grammarians, affirmativus).
An affirmative answer, affirmatio.
AFFIRMATIVELY, no exactly corresponding word: affirmanter, in Gellius, is with confidence: “affirmate, Cicero, etc., is “positively,” “with an oath.”
AFFIX, v, figere, affigere aliquid alicui rei (join one thing to another; also, with nails): alligare aliquid ad rem, annectere aliquid ad rem or alicui rei (to bind one thing to another): assuere alicui rei (to stitch together): agglutinare alicui rei (to glue together): apponere aliquid alicui rei or ad aliquid (the proper word of placing one thing by another): adjicere aliquid alicui rei (to add a supplementary remark, etc., to something before said).To affix a fine, alicui multam dicere (of the judge: irrogare, of the accuser). To affix a name to anything, alicui rei nomen or vocabulum imponere: a meaning to a word, verbo vim, sententiam, notionem subjicere.
AFFIXION, affixio (very late): alligatio (Columella).
AFFLICT, angere (to fill with fear, anguish: of future things): torquere, cruciare, excruciare (to torture, etc.): alicui ægre facere: alicui injuriam inferre (of persons): aliquem mordere, pungere (to sting, vex, etc., of things): fodicare, fodicare animum (properly, to dig into ; hence, vex, sting): vexare (to vex, harass): dolorem alicui facere, efficere, afferre, commovere, incutere; dolore, sollicitudine,ægritudine, aliquem afficere. To afflict one’s self, afflictare se (Cicero), afflictari (Cicero), angi; cruciari; laborare; sollicitum esse. To afflict with disease, morbo afficere. Vid. AFFLICTED.
AFFLICTED, to be, dolere; in dolore esse; dolore angi; in mœrore jacere:sollicitudinem habere, in sollicitudine esse; ægritudinem suscipere; ægritudine affici; κυρικιμασαηικο about anything, laborare, sollicitum esse de re; afflictari de re (Cicero):anxium et sollicitum me habet aliquid; about anybody, ægritudinem suscipere propter aliquem. || With disease: morbo laborare, affectum esse, vexari, Vid., DISEASE.
AFFLICTED (as adjective), sollicitus; ægritudine affectus, æger animo or animi.
AFFLICTEDNESS. Vid., AFFLICTION.
AFFLICTER,vexator: afflictor (found but once : a person who injures or destroys: afflictor dignitatis, etc.).
AFFLICTION, || subjectively as a state of mind: miseria (wretchedness):ægritudo, ægrimonia (opposed to alacritas; sickness of soul from a sense of present evil; the latter implying that it is an abiding sense): dolor (opposed to gaudium, a present sense of hardship, pain, or grief): tristitia, mœstitia, masculine, (the natural, involuntary manifestation of grief):angor (passionate, tormenting apprehension of a coming evil; sollicitudo being the anxious, unsettling apprehension of it): mœror (is stronger than dolor, being the feeling and its manifestation): afflictatio (=”ægritudo cum vexatione corporis,” Cicero): luctus (is mourning; i.e., by conventional signs). || Objectively; an affliction, malum; plural, mala:ærumna (an old and half-poetical word; but used by Cicero, a hardship that almostexceeds human strength): casus adversus, or, from context, casus only; res adversæ, fortunæ afflictæ: fortuna adversa: calamitas, miseria, acerbitates (SYN. in ADVERSITY). Time of affliction, res miseræ, afflictæ, angustiæ temporum, tempora luctuosa. OBSERVE, infortunium is used by the comic writers only of a corporeal punishment. To be in affliction, in miseria esse or versari, miserum esse: in summa infelicitate versari: in malis esse, jacere; malis urgeri; in malia versari; pessimo loco esse; iniquissima fortuna uti: angi; angore confici; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri; angi intimis sensibus:angore cruciari: about anything, dolere or mœrere rem or re; dolorem ex re capere, accipere, suscipere, haurire; molestiam trahere ex re (to feel oppressed and dispirited by it): in great affliction about anything, magnum dolorem ex re accipere; ex re magnam animo molestiam capere: to come into affliction, in miseriam incidere; in mala præcipitare: to relieve anybody from affliction, miseriis aliquem levare: to deliver him, a miseria vindicare ; ex miseriis eripere: to endure affliction, miserias ferre, serumnas perpeti (i.e., patiently to the end).
AFFLICTIVE, tristis: miser: acerbus:luctuosus: gravis.
AFFLUENCE,AFFLUENCY, divitiae (riches, general term), copia rei familiaris: opulentia (stronger: the possession of money, estates, etc., as a means of aggrandizingone’s self): vita bonis abundans. To live in affluence, divitem esse; satis divitem, etc. Vid. AFFLUENT.
AFFLUENT, fortunatus (Cicero): abundans: dives: locuples: satis dives: satis locuples (dives, rich = πλούσιος, opposed to pauper: locuples, wealthy. || ἀϕνειός, opposed to egens, egenus): bene numatus, pecuniosus (having much money):opulentus, copiosus (opulent; opposed to inops: rich in means and resources to obtaininfluence, power, etc.): copüs rei femiliaris locuples et pecuniosus. Very affluent, beatus: perdives, prædives: locupletissimus, opulentissimus. To become an affluent man from a poor one, ex paupere divitem fieri: to become affluent, fortunis augeri; fortunam amplificare: ad opes procedere; locupletari.
AFFLUX, AFFLUXION, affluentia (act of flowing to). There was a great afflux of men there, magna erat hominum eo loco frequentia, celebritas: of men to Athens, multi Athenas confluxerant.|| An afflux: quod ad aliquem or aliquid affluit: allapsus (occurs twice: serpentium, Horatius; fontis, Appuleius). Sometimes accessio (if it means something additional): of men, concursus.
AFFORD. || Yield, of the earth, trees, etc.: ferre, efferre, proferre: fundere:effundere (of nature, the earth, a field: fundere and effundere = yield abundantly).
Afford fruit or produce, ferre fruges, or ferre only; fructum afferre; efferre (especially of a field). The tree affords its fruit, arbor fert. || Produce, cause, etc., afferre (to bring): facere, efficere (to cause): esse (with dative): præstare.To afford profit or pleasure, utilitatem or voluptatem afferre; usui or voluptati esse: to afford anybody continual pleasure, voluptatem perpetuam præstare alicui:comfort, consolation, solatium dare, præbere, afferre, solatio or solatium esse.To afford no consolation (of things), nihil habere consolationis: a hope, aliquem in spem vocare or adducere (adducere, also, of things): of anything, alicujus rei spem alicui afferre, ostendere or ostentare; spem alicujus rei alicui efferre (of things); spem alicui rei præbere:an expectation, exspectationem movere, commovere, facere, concitare: assistance, auxilium or opem ferre alicui (against anything, contra aliquid): aliquem opera adjuvare in aliqua re, alicui opitulari in aliqua re facienda, alicui operamsuam commodare ad aliquid, alicui operam præbere in aliqua re (to serve or assist in the execution of anything: the last especially of assistance with one’s own hands). || To be able to buy with prudence, *tanti, tam care, tanta pecunia emere posse: tantam impensam facere posse (of a large outlay): suum facere posse (to be able to make anything one’s own). I can not afford anything,*multo pluris est aliquid, quam ut ego emere, or meum facere, possim. || To be able to sell without loss or with sufficient profit. I can not afford it for less, non possum minoris vendere.
AFFRANCHISE. Vid. FREE, v.
AFFRAY, v., Vid. FRIGHTEN.
AFFRAY, s., pugna (the general term for a fight, whether of two persons or more): pugna in arto (vid. Georg Ludwig Walch, Tacitus, Agr., 36, p. 365): tumultus (a tumultuous concourse, uproar, etc.).
AFFRICTION, affrictus (Plinius). [Affiricatio (Cælius Aurelianus)]
AFFRIGHT, v., Vid. FRIGHTEN.
AFFRIGHT, s., AFFRIGHTMENT, Vid. FEAR.
AFFRONT, || Meet or go to meet, occurrere (obviam): offendere aliquem; incidere alicui or in aliquem (by accident): obviam ire alicui (to go to meet). Vid. MEET. || Meet in a hostile manner, etc., occurrere, obviam ire (general term): se offerre alicui rei (e.g., periculis): resistere; confidenter resistere.|| Offer an insult to, contumeliam alicui imponere: aliquem contumelia insequi: contumeliis insectari: maledictis vexare (to insult with insolent words):sugillare (affront scornfully, contemptuously): offendere aliquem (to affront, displease; whether intentionally or not): aliquem ignominia afficere, ignominiam alicui imponere, injungere (of gross insults,causing public disgrace). To be affronted, ignominia or contumelia affici:offendi (to feel affronted). To affront with words, verbis or voce vulnerare, violare, contumeliam alicui dicere. To feel affronted, injuriam sibi lactam putare: at anything, aliquid in or ad contumeliam accipere:*aliqua re se læsum or violatum putare.
AFFRONT, contumelia (a wrong done to ones honor): offensio (a state of mortified feeling; but also the act that causes it): injuria (an affront felt to be a wrong): opprobrium (affront conveyed by reproachful words). To look upon anything as an affront, aliquid in or ad contumeliam accipere: ignominiæ loco ferre aliquid:ignominiæ or probro habere aliquid. To put an affront on anybody, contumeliam alicui imponere. Vid. AFFRONT, v., ATTACK, Vid.
AFFRONTER, qui alicui ignominiam or injuriam injungit.
AFFRONTING, AFFRONTIVE, contumeliosus: injuriosus (injurious to one’s honor): ignominiosus (causing a lost of reputation, outward respect, rank, etc.): probrosus (attacking one’s moral character). Affronting words, verborum contumeliæ: voces mordaces or aculeatæ ; verborum aculei (stinging words).To be of an affronting nature, habere aliquid offensionis (of a thing).
AFFUSE, affundere alicui (poetical and post-Augustan prose, Tacitus, Plinius): admiscere (aliquid aliqua re or alicui rei ; aliquid in aliquem rem Plinius), cum aliqua re,Columella, to mix it with): superfundere aliquid alicui rei (to pour it upon; chiefly poetical and post-Augustan prose).
AFFUSION, circumlocution by participle. To melt anything by an affusion of wine, liquefacere aliquid affuso vino (Plinius). Sometimes suffusio (a suffusion; a pouring in from below: post-Augustan).
AFFY, || Betroth, spondere, despondere (desponsare, post-Augustan, Suetonius) alicui aliquam. Vid. BETROTH.
AFIELD, *in or ad agrum or agros.To go afield, *in agros domo exire.
AFLOAT, To make a ship afloat, navem deducere. To get a ship afloat (that has struck a rock), navem scopulo detrudere (Vergilius).
AFOOT, pedibus. To go, come, trovel, etc., afoot, pedibus ire, venire, iter facere. Vid., on foot, under FOOT.
AFORE, Vid. BEFORE.
AFOREGOING, antecedens, præcedens: prior, superior (præteritus not to be used in the sense of just past, of time).
AFOREHAND,
Vid. BEFOREHAND.
AFORE-MENTIONED,AFORE-NAMED,AFORESAID,de aliquo supra commemoravimus:quem supra commemoravimus, diximus; quod supra scripsi; de quo a nobis anteadictum est. Also by ille only. [Supra dictus, commemoratus; prædictus, prænominatus, UNCLASSICAL.] In the afore mentioned, etc., manner, ut supra dictum est; ut supra scripsi.
AFRAID, anxius, trepidus (full of anxiety, confusion): sollicitus (anxious from fear of a future evil): formidinis plenus:territus (frightened): exterritus, perterlitus (dreadfully frightened). Afraid of anything, timens, extimescens, reformidans, etc., aliquid (if a participle will suitthe meaning): aliqua re or metu alicujus rei perterritus: sollicitus de re aliqua.Not afraid of death, non timidus ad mortem: non timidus mori (poetical). || To be afraid, anxium, trepidum, etc., esse:of anything, timere (aliquem or aliquid), metuere (aliquem or aliquid), extimescere,pertimescere, vereri (aliquem or aliquid), pavere (aliquid or ad aliquid), horrere, formidare, reformidare (Syn. in FEAR): in metu ponere or habere aliquid. (The words are found in this connection and order), metuere ac timere ; metuere atque horrere. Not to be afraid, sine metu (timore) esse; metu vacare; bonum habere animum: bono esse animo (to be of good courage): securum esse (to apprehend no danger). Do not be afraid, bono sis animo; bonum habe animum; noli timere or laborare; omitte timorem. Not to be afraid of anybody or anything, contemnere aliquem or aliquid (to despise). To be afraid for or about anybody or anything, metuo, timeo alicui (rei), or de aliquo, aliqua re; extimesco, pertimesco de re, vereor alicui rei. To begin to be afraid, ad timorem se convertere. To be a little afraid, subtimere (of anything, aliquid; that, etc., ne); subvereri (ne, etc.). To make anybody afraid of one, sui timorem alicui injicere.Observe, that “not,” “lest,” are translated by ne after verbs of fearing; “that — not,” “lest — not,” by ut or ne non (stronger); and that the English future becomes in Latin the present subjunctive, VID. FEAR.
AFRESH, denuo ( νεόθεν, ἐκ καινἣς,when what had ceased begins again): de or ab integro (ἐξ ύπαρχἣς when what had disappeared, been lost, etc., is reproduced by the same causes: Silver Age, ex integro):iterum (a second time): rursus (again).It is often translated by re (red) prefixed to a verb; e.g , a sedition breaks out afresh,recrudescit. To begin afresh, repetere (the proper word): iterare (for the second time): redintegrare (quite from the beginning): retractare (to go over a lesson, etc., again; think over again): iterum legere (to read anything again, for the second time). Observe, not iterata or repetita vice.
AFT, s., puppis. To sit aft, sedere in puppi (Cicero, but figuratively of an influential statesman).
AFTER, || of succession in time, post: secundum (immediately after): still stronger sub with statim, of things connected in order of time: a, ab (from: after, of what has been done or not done, from a point of commencement to be strongly marked): e, ex (nearly = a, ab, but intimating a closer dependence of one thing on another; a passing into one state from another, etc.). After this, I ask, etc., secundum ea, quæro, etc. After three days, post ejus diei diem tertium: after three years, post tres annos: after some years, aliquot post annos: after many years, post multos annos (multis post annis = many years after). After anybody’s consulship or proconsulship, post aliquem consulem, proconsulem.After (immediately after) the consul’s donation, secundum donationem consulis. Immediately after those (letters), yours were read, sub eas statim recitatæ sunt tuæ (so statim sub mentionem alicujus). The Germans bathe as soon as they get up, Germani statim e somno lavantur: after the day, when, etc., ex eo die, quo, etc.: one evil after another, aliud ex alio malum (Terentius): to go into Gaul after his consulship, ex consulatu in Galliam proficisci: day after day, diem ex die: diem de die (not de die in diem): to look (i.e., in expectation) day after day, diem de die prospectare (ecquod auxilium—appareret (Livius). Immediately after the battle, confestim a prœlio (redire):Homer lived not very long after them, Homerus recens ab illorum ætate fuit: the hundredth day after the death of Clodius, centesima lux ab interitu Clodii: (immediately) after that meeting ambassadors were sent, ab illa concione legati missisunt:as soon as I came to Rome after your departure, ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni. One after another, ordine, deinceps (in a row): continenter: continue (præ- and post-classical, unless in two passages of Quintilianus, where the best manuscripts have continue, Freund: continuo = statim, nulla mora interposita): alter post alterum: alius super alium. So many days one after another, tot dies continui. Sometimes, especially in Cæsar, the ablative only is used; e.g., alicujus adventu, discessu, fuga; solis occasu (after anybody’s arrival, departure, flight: after sunset).
After post the action is often expressed by a participle; e.g., after the taking of Veii,post Veios captos: so post urbem conditam; post hanc urbem constitutam (after the building of the city). Sometimes ablatives absolute are used (when the action or state described by the ablative absolute is the cause or condition of what follows):anno interjecto (after a year): Hannibal in Italiam pervenit Alpibus superatis (after crossing the Alps). || Succession in order, rank, etc., secundum (post is only “after” of succession in time: in pace it is “behind,” opposed to ante).Generally by secundus, proximus ab aliquo, or proximus alicui (next after in place,literally or figuratively). After you, I like nothing so well as solitude, secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine: proxime:next after these, those are dear to us, etc., proxime hos, cari, etc. (Cicero). [Tacitus, juxta; e.g., juxta deos.] ||
Of a rule followed, proportion to, conformity with, etc., secundum: e, ex, sometimes de (when the thing is also a cause): pro (in proportion to): ad (of a rule, copy, etc., that is followed. Observe. Juxta, in the sense of secundum, belongs to sinking Latinity): to live after nature, secundum naturam vivere (or naturæ convenienter): to take anything after its intrinsic value (Bacon), ex veritate aliquid æstimare: after the example of, ad exemplum; after the model, pattern, etc., ad exemplum, ad effigiem: after the manner, de more: after my own manner, meo modo (Plautus, Terentius): after my own original way of speaking, meo pristino more dicendi.|| After a sort, quodam modo.
AFTER, conjunction, postquam: posteaquam: ut, ubi (as), quum (when). Observe, (a) ut, ubi, intimate the immediate succession of the second event, whereas postquam only states it to be after the first. Hence they prefer the perfect to the pluperfect, and often take statim, repente, primum, etc.:(b) postquam in direct narrative mostly takes the perfect or present; seldom the pluperfect, except in the form “so many day”, years, etc., after another event happened” (c) For ubi, ut, quum, vid. WHEN: (d) quum can only be used when things are stated as facts in a narrative; not of localrelations, e.g., of passages in a book; where postquam or ubi must be used. Passages like Cicero, Tusc, i., 48, 103; Acad., ii., 32, 104, etc., only appear to be at variance with this rule. Three years after he had returned, post tres annos or tertium annum quam redierat: tertio anno quam redierat: tribus annis or tertio anno postquam redierat: tertio anno quo redierat.The day after I left you, postridie quam a vobis discessi. The year after, postero anno quam, etc. Very often participles are used instead of these particles (ablative absolute if the “subject” of both clauses is not the same); e.g., most .speeches are written after they have been delivered, pleræque scribuntur orationes habitæ jam: after the murder of Dion, Dionysius again became master of Syracuse, Dione interfectoDionysius rursum Syracusarum potitus est. || After is often untranslated, the notion of it being already contained in the verb; e.g., to follow after, sequi, sectari:to thirst after, sitire aliquid: to ask or inquire after, quærero rem or de re, inquirere in aliquid: to long after, cupere aliquid, etc.: to make anything after the pattern of something else, imitari aliquid; aliquid imitando exprimere, effingere, etc.:to run after anybody, aliquem sectari:to send after anybody, aliquem arcessere, etc. || = afterward, Vid.
AFTER, in composition, may some times be translated by posterior (opposed to superior); secundus; serus (too late).
AFTER-AGES, posteritas: posteri.
AFTER ALL, may sometimes be translated by ipse, sometimes by ne multa; ne longum faciam:”a principle for which, after all, they have no ground, but,” æn tentia, cui et ipsi nihil subest, nisi, etc., or cujus ipsius, ne longum faciam, ratio nem afferunt nullam, nisi, etc.: sometimes by ad summam (in short, at last, after other things are mentioned): often, in questions, by tandem:”but, after all, what is your own opinion?” *at quid tandem ipse sentis? sometimes by quid enim? (implying that the person addressed can not deny the assertion).
AFTER-BIRTH, secundæ (partus).
AFTER-COST, reliqua (plural, the unpaid portion of the expense, the proper word). || Figuratively, *incommoda quæ aliquid sequuntur. You will have to pay the aftercost, *postmodo senities.
AFTER-GAME, || To play an after-game (= repair an evil), alicujus rei or alicui rei medicinam adhibere:*alicui incommodo seram medicinam reperire:damnum sarcire, restituere: detrimentum sarcire, reconcinnare.
AFTER -GATHERING, spicilegium (a gleaning): racematio (in a vintage).To make an after-gathering, spicilegium facere; racemari: improper, *omissa col ligere.
AFTER-MATH, fœnum auctumnale or chordum: to cut it, secare.
AFTERNOON, s., dies pomeridianus (Seneca, Ep; 65, 1): tempus pomeridianum; horæ pomeridianæ. In the afternoon, post meridiem; tempore pomeridiano; horis pomeridianis.
AFTERNOON, adj., postmeridianus:pomeridianus (both forms used; Cicero prefers the latter, Orat., 47, 157 ; but see Orelli.on Tusc, iii., 3, 7). To make an afternoon call on anybody, aliquem post meridiem convenire (on business), invisere (to set how he is):*aliquem officio pomeridiano prosequi (of a call of ceremony from an inferior for the purpose of showing respect : officio pomeridiano was the afternoon attendance of a client on his patron). The afternoon service, *sacra pomeridiana:afternoon preacher, sacerdos qui sacris pomeridianis interesse debet: concionator pomeridianus would be an afternoon haranguer. The afternoon sermon, *oratio in sacris pomeridianis habenda (if not yet delivered), habita (if delivered).
AFTER-PAYMENT, *pensio postea facta: numi additi (additional sum paid).
AFTER-PIECE, *fabella argumenti brevioris, quæ post comœdiam agitur.The after-piece will be—, *hanc fabulam sequetur—.
AGAIN, rursus or rursum (again): iterum (a second time): denuo (= de novo, anew; relates to time, denoting repetition after an interval): ex integro (in Silver Age also integro; quite afresh; relates to the thing itself, which is to be brought back to a former state): vicissim (in turn; in the same manner that another has done it in before). With verbs it is often translated by the re (red) of a compound verb:to rise again, resurgere. || Hereafter, post, posthac, postea: that this may never happen again, id ne unquam posthac accidere possit: whom I was not likely
ever to see again, quem non cram postea visurus.|| In turn, contra, vicissim. || As used in a discourse to introduce an additional reason: præterea:ad hoc, ad hæc (besides this, never in good prose, super hæc, super ista, adhuc):jam, autem (when the discourse is carried on in parts): accedit, accedit quod: huc accedit quod: addendum, eodem est, quod: adjice quod. (Observe, not porro.)|| Again and again, etiam atque etiam: iterum et sæpius: semel et sæpius:semel atque iterum; semel iterumve (the last two less strong = several times, more than once). || As big again, altero tanto major (so longior, etc.), duplo major. As much again, alterum tantum:duplum.AGAINST, direction toward, adversus: in with ablative (after expressions of hate, displeasure, anger, against anybody). The hatred of the people against this man was so great, in hoc tantum fuit odium multitudinis. So sævitiam exercere in aliquo; vim adhibere in aliquo (to use violence against him). || Direction with the notion of opposition to: (a) Of departure from, excess above a limit: præter, e. g., against expectation (not contra, but) præter opinionem. So præter spem: secus ac speraveram (against, i.e., worse than my hope and expectation): præter jus fasque; præter alicujus voluntatem (but also contra legem, contra alicujus voluntatem, of direct intentional opposition to them).To act against a law, legem violare or migrare: against one’s will, invitus (adjective)against the will of Caius, Caio invito. (b) Of hostile opposition: contra, adversus, in with accusative: against the stream, adverso flumine; contra aquam [vid. STREAM]: against the wind, vento adverso (navigare): the wind is against anybody (naviganti) alicui veotus adversum tenet. A remedy against anything, remedium adversus aliquid (that works against it; e. g., adversus venenum):remediam alicujus rei or ad quod (that is good for any disease; e.g.. morbi timoris, ad oculorum morbos). To write against anybody, contra aliquem scribere: in, adversus aliquem scribere: librum edere contra aliquem (of publishing against anybody): to speak (i.e., as an orator) against anybody, contra aliquem dicere:aliquid in aliquem dicere (to say anything against anybody): to strive against anybody, adversus aliquem contendere: to argue against anything, contra aliquid disserere. To help against anything [vid. HELP]. Against, after a substantive, must be translated by a participle or relative sentence: e.g., the speech against Socrates, oratio contra Socratem habita; oratio quæ habita est contra Socratem: the war against the Persians, bellum contra Persas gestum: bellum quod contra Persas gestum est. To sin against anybody, peccare in aliquem. To excite the people against anybody, populum inflammare in aliquem: to be against anybody, facere contra aliquem (of the opposite party):dissidere cum aliquo (to be of a different opinion): to fight against anybody, pugnare contra aliquem (exadversus aliquem is, opposite him in the enemy’s ranks): to fight for life and death against anybody, dimicare adversus aliquem. Sometimes “against” is translated by cum to mark the mutual relation of two parties (e.g., pugnare, queri, querelæ cum aliquo).The poor can make good no rights against the rich, nihil cum potentiore juris bumanirelinquitur inopi. After verbs of defence, etc. (tegere, munire, tutum esse, etc.), against is generally translated by a, ab (as in English by “from,” i.e., with respect to danger proceeding from such a quarter); e.g., vasa a frigoribus munire ; forum defendere a Clodio; but they also use adversus or contra, if the “against” is to be strongly marked; e.g., munire adversus or contra aliquid (Sallustius, Jugurtha, 89, 4 ; Cicero ad Div., 4, 14, .3): se defendere contra aliquid: aliquem defendere contra inimicos.To match a combatant against another, comparare aliquem alicui (Suetonius, Calig., 35): committere aliquem cum aliquo (Terentius). || Opposite to, Vid. || Of an object against which anything is done: after a verb of motion:ad, in. To run against anybody, incurrere in aliquem: to strike, dash, knock one’s self against anything, aliquid ad aliquid offendere (e. g., caput ad fornicem, Quintilianus): offendere aliquid (e.g, scutum, Livius): offendere in aliquid (e.g., in stipitem, Columella): the waves beat against the shore, fluctus illiduntur in litore or in litus (Quintilianus, doubtful reading). || Against = close by or to: juxta. Vid. BY. To put a ladder up against a wall, scalar ad murum applicare: lean against. Vid. LEAN. || Of time, by which anything is to be done, in (with accusative), ad. sub (a little before): focum lignis exstruere sub adventum lassi viri (Horatius). || For and against, in utramque partem: with respect to my journey, many reasons occur to me for and against it, permulta mihi de itinere nostro in utramque partem occurrunt (Cicero). Like other prepositions, it may often be untranslated, the notion of it being already contained in the verb, e. g., by a compound with ob. To rail against anybody, alicui conviciari (with dative in Quintilianus only):aliquem increpitare: to lean against anything, acclinari alicui rei: to run against anybody or anything, offendere aliquem or aliquid: to struggle against the stream, obluctari flumini (Curtius): to fight against anybody, oppugnare aliquem: to be against anybody, adversari alicui.
AGAMIST, qui ab uxore ducenda abhorret: cujus animus abhorret a nuptiis.
AGAPE, hians (participle; e.g., in, to stand agape): to set anybody agape, aliquem in stuporem dare, obstupefacere, stapidum tenere.
AGATE, achates, m.
AGARIC, agaricon (Plinius 25, 9, 57).
AGE,
(1) the natural duration of anything, especially of a man; ætas (poetic, ævum): (2) time of life, or a certain portion of it, ætas: the flower of one’s age, ætas florens; floe ætatis; ætas viridis or integra: military age, ætas militaris: of or about the military age, militiæ; maturus: the maturity, weakness of age, ætatis maturitas, imbecillitas:the strength of full age, ætatis robur, nervi:to be of the same age as anybody, æqualem esse alicui: nearly of the same age, ætate proximum esse alicui: to be in the flower of his age, integra ætate esse; in ipso ætatis flore or robore esse: to be of a great age, longius ætate provectum esse: of a great age, grandis natu, ætate decrepita (the latter. If accompanied with weakness): to be of such an age, id ætatis esse. || To be of or under age. Of age, sui juris: suæ potestatis (no longer under the father’s power): suæ tutelæ (not requiring a guardian): sui potens (general term for one who can act as he pleases, but sui judicii is a different thing; one who acts boldly up to his own principles): to be of age, sui juris esse: to be nearly of age, prope puberem ætatem esse: to be coming of age, sui juris fieri; in suam tutelam venire, pervenire: to declare a son of age, emancipare filium. Under age. infans (of a very young child), nondum adulta ætate (general term), peradolescentulus, peradolescens (still very young):sons under age, filii prætextati. With reference to ascending the throne, nondum maturus imperio: to appoint anybody regent till his own children should come of age, regnum alicui commendare, quoad liberi in suam tutelam pervenirent (Nepos, Eum., 2, 2). Vid. MINOR.|| Old age, senectus, senilis ætas (age, whether with reference to the weakness or to the experience of age: poetic, senecta); ætas extrema or esacta; summa senectus (extreme old age): senium (the time of feebleness): ætas decrepita (decrepitude): vetustas (great age and consequent goodness of a thing long kept; e.g., of wine, fruits, etc.). A green old age, cruda ac viridis senectus (Vergilius): to live to or attain old age, senectutem adipisci, ad senectutem venire: to die at an advanced age, senectute diem obire supremum; exacta ætate mori: to die of old age, aliquem senectus dissolvit: to be worn out with old age, ætate or senio confectum esse: to make provision against old age, senectuti subsidium parare. Age does not change the man, lupus pilum mutat, non mentem. Age gives experience, seris venit usus ab annis (Ovidius).Wisdom and experience belong to old age, mens et ratio et consilium in senibas est.|| To be so many years of age, natum esse with accusative of the years; or esse with the genitive of the years: to be above so many years of age, vixisse, confecisse, complevisse, so many years.Thus; he is nineteen years of age, decem et novem annos natus est; decem et novem annorum est: he is above ninety years of age, nonaginta annos vixit, confecit complevit: also nonagesimum annum excessisse, egressum esse: above or under thirty-three years of age, major, or minor, annos tres et triginta natus; ormajor (minor) annorum trium et triginta: also major (minor) quam atmos tres et triginta natus: major (minor) quam annorum trium et triginta. He died at the age of thirty-three, decessit annos tres et triginta natus: in the thirtieth year of his age, tricesimum annum agens. || An age = certain period of time; ætas (general term, also of those who lived at the same time): sæculum (large, indefinite period; an age or generation; according to some, 30 … 33 years; according to Etruscan and Roman usage, 100 years. In the times of the empire, a reign, each emperor bringing in a new order of things):tempus, tempora (the times or days of).The golden age, ætas aurea: a learned age, sæculum eruditum: the age of Homer is uncertain, Homeri incerta sunt tempora: Socrates was not understood by the men of its age, Socratem ætas sua parum intellexit; Socrates ab homirubus sui temporis parum intelligebatur: κυρικιμασαηικοthere are hardly two good orators in an age, vix singulis ætatibus bini oratores laudabilesconstitere: for that age, ut in ea ætate (i.e., of anything good, etc., for that age).|| The spirit of the age, sæculi, hujus ætatis ingenium (so Friedrich August Wolf for the bad form sæculi genius or indoles tempoaris. Tacitus has aulæ ingenium): mores sæculi or temporum (its moral character, customary proceedings, etc, Florus, Plinius):from context, mores only (such is the spirit of the age. ita se mores habent. Sal. Vel.):temporum natura atque ratio (circumstances of the times ; after Cicero, ad Div. 6, 6, 8): sæculum (corrumpere et corrumpi non illic sæculum vocatur, Tacitus, the spirit of the age ; the fashion of the times): tempora (the times): the licentious spirit of the age, licentia temporum: the irreligious spirit of the age, quæ nunc tenet sæculum negligentia dei (deum, Livius).|| The wants of our or the present age, *quod hæc tempora requirunt; quod nostris temporibus desideratur.|| The history of our age, nostæ ætatis historia; æqualis nostræ ætatis memoria (Cicero, De Leg., i. 3, 8).
AGED, ætate provectior or grandior, ætate jam senior (in advanced age): ætate affectus (feeling the effects of old age, aged : all of men): vetus or vetulus (pretty old, of men and things): grandis: grandior (with or without natu): ætate gravis, pergrandis natu, exactæ jam ætatis (very aged): senex (an old man : never feminine): decrepitus, ætate or senio confectus (old and weak). An aged man, senex, homo ætate grandior. Vid. OLD.
AGENCY, || operation: effectus (both the power of working possessed by anything and the effect): vis (power). (The words are found in this connection and order.) vis et effectus: efficientia (working). Sometimes impulsus (impulsion), appulsus (approximation of an effectual means or cause; especially of the sun : then, generally, the working of one thing on another). || Office of agent, procuratio (general term): coguitura (office of a procurator or agent, especially infiscal
matters).
AGENT, actor (alicajus rei: doer of anything, often auctor et actor (Cæsar), illo auctore atque agente, B. C, 1, 26):confector (one who completes a work).|| To be a free agent, sui juris, or suæ potestatis, or in sua potestate esse: integræ ac solidæ potestatis esse (to be one’s own master): nulla necessitate astrictum esse (bound by no necessity). Not to be a free agent, ex alterius arbitrio pendere (but not aliunde or extrinsecus pendere, sometimes given, without reference to the context, from Cicero, ad Div., 5. 13, 2). || Notural agents, inanima (plural opposed to animalia): res naturales: ratione carentia: rationis expertia. || To be anybody’s agent (= manager of his affairs), alicui rationibus esse (from an inscription): alicujus res ac rationes curare.
AGENCY, procuratio (general term) cognitura (in fiscal matters).
AGGELATION, congelatio (post-Augustan).
AGGLOMERATE, agglomerare (poetical): glomerare, conglomerare: complicare (fold together): conglobare (roll up in a ball): Intransitively, conglomerari (Lucretius): conglobari: concrescere (grow together).
AGGLUTINANTS, quae aliquid sanant, at coeat.
AGGLUTINATE, agglutinare (aliquid alicui rei, Cicero).
AGGLUTINATION, conglutinatio (gluing together: agglutinatio not found).
AGGRANDIZE, ampliflcare (to make of larger extent; e.g., urbem, rem familiarem; then, figuratively, to make more important, either by actions or words, opposed to minuere, infirmare: alicujus gratiam dignitatemque, to aggrandize a person: alicujus gloriam: alicujus auctoritatem apud aliquem): dilatare (to extend the superficies of anything; e.g., castra: alicujus imperium: then, figuratively, to increase anything by spreading it; e.g., alicujus gloriam): propagare, or proferre aliquid, or fines alicujus rei (to increase by extending its boundaries; e.g., imperium, fines imperii): augere (to increase by addition):multiplicare (to multiply): majus reddere (to make larger): efferre (raise).
AGGRANDIZEMENT, || of a person with respect to his rank: dignitatis accessio.|| Enlargement, amplificatio (enlargement of the contents of anything, as an action; e.g., gloriæ, rei familiaris):auctus (increase): incrementum (increase, as thing added; e.g., rei familiaris, dignitatis): propagatio, prolatio finium (the enlargement of a territory or kingdom).
Also by circumlocution with the verbs under AGGRANDIZE.
AGGRANDIZER, amplificator: of anybody, alicujus dignitatis.
AGGRAVATE, aggravare (post-Augustan, but often in Livius : ager, pondus, qulorem, etc.): gravius, majus reddere:augere (general term, increase; e.g., molestiam, dolorem): amplificare (dolorem, Cicero). || To aggravate (rhetorically), augere; e.g., alicujus facti atrocitatem; culpam (Cicero).
AGGRAVATION, circumlocution by verbs under AGGRAVATE.
AGGREGATE, s., summa.
AGGREGATE, v., aggregare (Cicero: less common than adjungere, and only in prose; aliquem or aliquid, ad aliquem or aliquid: aliquem alicui): congregare (homines in locum, Cicero).
AGGREGATION, circumlocution by verb: congregatio (gathering or heaping together).
AGGRESS, aggredi aliquem or aliquid (e.g. inermes, bene comitatum — januam, regionem): petere aliquem: invadere in aliquem: bellum ultro inferre.
AGGRESSION, || aggressive war, *bellum quod ultro infertur:*bellum ultro inferendum, or (if already begun) illatum.Sometimes impetus; incursio; incursus (attack, general term: the last two of violent attacks). || Unprovoked injury, generally injuria only.
AGGRESSOR, || in war, qui bellum suscepit: to be the aggressor, bellum ultro inferre. || Generally, qui injuriam alicui fecit intulit, imposuit: qui injuria aliquem lacessivit.
AGGIEVANCE, Vid GRIEVANCE.
AGGRIEVE, ||cause grief to: fodicare; fodicare animum (to vex; of things): alicui segre facere: alicui injuriam facero (of persons): aliquem or alicujus animum offendere (of persons or things): aliquem mordere or pungere (of things): quam acerbissimum dolorem alicui inurere (of persons). || To wrong, Iædere (general term to hurt):injuria afficere aliquem, injuriam alicui facere, inferre, imponere: injuriam jacere or immittere in aliquem (lo wrong):to think himself aggrieved, se læsum putare: ægre or moleste ferre: pro molestissimo habere (se, etc.).
AGHAST, territus, exterritus, perterritus. perturbatus, (animo) consternatus (beside one’s self with agitation): (animo) confusus (confounded): commotus, permotus (deeply moved). Sometimes afflictus, percussus, attonitus, fulminatus, exanimatus. (The words are found in this connection and order), obstupefactus ac perterritus: confusus et attonitus. You look aghast, vultus tuus nescio quod ingens malum præfert. To make anybody stand aghast, alicujus mentem animumque perturbare;
in perturbationem conjicere; consternare; percutere (not percellere).To stand aghast, stupere; alicujus animum stupor tenet.
AGILE, pernix (opposed to lentus: dextrous and active in all bodily movements):agilis, poetical, and in Livius, etc.: supple, pliable ; hence, also, dextrous in acting):velox.
AGILITY, pernicitas (nimbleness, as bodily strength and agility): agilitas (suppleness; quickness and dexterity in moving and acting).
AGIO, collybus. To make a deduction for the agio, deductionem facere pro collybo (Cicero, Verr., 3, 78, 181.)
AGITABLE, || that can be put in motion, mobilis: quod moveri potest.|| That can be disputed, quod in controversiam vocari, deduci, adduci potest:quod in disceptationem vocari potest.
AGITATE, Properly || to put in motion, movere, commovere: agitare (to move to and fro, up and down, etc.): quatere, quassare, concutere, conquassare (to shake): incitare (to put in rapid motion ; opposed to tardare): labefacere, labefactare (to make to totter). Improperly || to disturb, commovere (to move): turbare, conturbare (to disturb): percutere, percellere (figuratively, to strike violently, make a violent impression; the former of a sudden, the latter of an abiding impression and its consequences): the mind, animum impellere, gravius afficere, commovere, permovere: anybody, aliquem percutere ; alicujus animum graviter commovere: the state (seditiously), rempublicam quassare, concutere, convellere, labefactare, dilacerare (the last, to tear to pieces): violently, rempublicam atrociter agitare (Sallustius, Jug., 37, 1): the empire, regnum concutere, labefactare; imperium percutere: the people, civium animos sollicitare; cives, plebem, etc., sollicitare, concitare: æditionem, tumultum facere, concitare; seditionem commovere, concire (of excitingthem to an uproar). || A question, agere rem or de re (general term to treat it, discuss it): disputare, disserere de aliqua re (of the disctissions of learned men, the latter, especially, of a continued discourse):sermo est de re (of a conversational discussion, whether of two persons or more):aliquid in controversiam vocaro, deducere, adducere (to call it into dispute). Observe,agitare quaestionem is, to think it over, weigh it in the mind. To be agitated, in controversia esse or versari; in controversiam deductum esse; in contentione esse or versari; in disceptatione versari: to begin to be agitated, in contentionem venire; in controversiam vocari, adduci, deduci.
AGITATION, || motion ; motus (in nearly all the acceptations of the English word “motion”): motio (art of setting in motion): agitatio (the moving to and fro, etc.): jactatus, jactatio (tossing and swelling motion; e.g., of the sea). To be in agitation, moveri, agitari: semper esse in motu (to be in constant motion). || Violent motion of the mind: animi motus, commotio, concitatio: violent agitation, animi perturbatio. Vid. AFFECTION.To be in a state of violent agitation, perturbatum esse. Often by participles:in great agitation, valde, vehementer perturbatus: magno animi motu perturbatus: magna animi perturbatione commotus.|| Controversial discussion:quæstio (general term for an inquiry into):disputatio (discussion of a controverted point, mostly between two persons of differentopinions): tractatio (the handling of; e.g., quæstionem, Quintilianus). To be in agitation (of plans, etc.), agi. It is in agitation to destroy the bridge, etc., id agitur, ut pons — dissolvatur. || Disturbed state of populace: motus, motus concursusque, tumultus, turbæ. || Act of agitating the people: perhaps sollicitatio plebis.
AGITATOR, i.e., one who seditiously agitates the people, turbæ ac tumultus concitator: stimulator et concitator seditionis: novorum consiliorum auctor: seditionis fax et tuba (of those who raise an uproar of the people); concitator multitudinis: turbator plebis or vulgi (one who agitates them, unsettles their mind): concionator (a haranguer; opposed to animus vere popularis, Cicero, Cat., 4, 5, 9).
AGNAIL, paronychium or paronychia (παρωνύχιον): pure Latin, reduvia. To remove agnails, reduvias or paronychias tollere. Observe, pterygium (πτερύγιον) is a different disease: when the skin grows over a nail of the finger or foot.
AGNATE, agnatus (related by the father’s side).
AGNATION, agnatic (relationship by the father’s side).
AGNITION, agnitio (once in Cicero, Plinius, Macrobius, etc.).
AGNIZE, agnoscere.
AGNOMINATION, agnominatio ( = Paronomasia, Auctor ad Herennium).
AGO, abhinc (with accusative or ablative). Sometimes ante with hic. Three years ago, abhinc annos tres (or tribus annis). Six months ago, ante hos sex menses. Sometimes the ablative only will do: paucis his diebus (a few days ago): and ante is found for abhinc without hic; e.g., qui centum millibus annorum ante occiderunt. Long ago, pridem (opposed to nuper; marking a distant point of time): dudum (opposed to modo; marking a space, but only of some minutes or hours). All often used with jam. He died long ago, jam pridem mortuus est. You ought to have been executed long ago, ad mortem te duci jam pridem oportebat. Observe, not diu, which goes with the perfect definite: jam diu mortuus est, “he has been long dead.” An immense time ago! (in answer to a question: how long ?) longissime! (Plautus).
AGOG, appetens, cupidus, avidus alicujus rei. To be or be set agog, concupiscere aliquid: trahi or trahi ducique ad alicujus rei cupiditatem: tenet me cupiditas alicujus rei or de (ire respect of) re:avide attectum esse de re; cupiditate alicujus rei ardere: incensum, inflammatum esse: ardet animus ad aliquid faciendum: ardenter, flagrantissime cupere, sitire: sitienter expetere, etc. To set anybody agog, aliquem cupiditate (alicujus rei) incendere, inflammare: alicui (alicujus rei) cupiditatem dare or injicere: aliquem in cupiditatem (alicujus rei) impellere.
AGOING. To set agoing, movere (to set in motion): initium facere: auspicari (aliquid: to make a beginning; as a trial, as it were, of one’s luck): (alicui) auctorem, or suasorem et auctorem, or hortatorem et auctorem esse alicujus rei (to be the principal adviser of it).
AGONIZE, || to suffer agony: cruciari, excruoiari, discruciari: torqueri:transitively, || to inflict agony: cruciare, discruciare, excruciare, excarnificare:aliquem omnibus modis cruciare.
AGONY, cruciatus (any pangs, natural or artificial; applicable to pangs of the conscience): tormentum (especially pangs caused by an instrument of torture). Both often in plural; also cruciamentum (a torturing: cruciamenta morborum, Cicero).To be in agony, cruciari; excruciali; discruciari; torqueri.
AGRARIAN, agrarius.
AGREE, concordare (to live or be in harmony: fratres concordant, Justinus: judicia opinionesque concordant: also aliquid cum aliqua re: caput cum gestu, Quintilianus: sermo cum vita, Sallustius): concinere (to sing the same tune together, to agree harmoniously: together, inter se or concinere absolutely: mundi partes inter se concinunt: videsne, ut hæc concinunt? with anybody in anything, cum aliquo aliquil re: used also of agreement in words; opposed to discrepare): congruere (opposed to repugnare: with anybody, alicui or cum aliquo: with anything, alicui rei or cum aliqua re: together, inter se or absolutely; used also of agreement orcoincidence in time): convenire (seldom, except as under next head: convenire ad aliquid = fit, suit): consentire (properly and especially of agreement in opinion; but also, by a sort of personification, of things: dativeor with cum: together, inter se; e.g., vultus cum oratione; oratio secum; omnes corporis partes inter se): convenientem, aptum consentaneumque esse alicui rei. To agree in opinion also idem sentire cum aliquo (not adjicere alicui, Görenz).Not to agree, discrepare, dissentire, dissidere:alienum esse re or a re. To agree with ( = be consistent with) himself, sibi (ipse) consentire: sibi or secum constare. The letters seemed to agree with the speech, literæ consentire cum oratione visæ sunt, Cicero. So sententia non constat cum — sententiis, Cicero. || Enter into, or accede to, an agreement: convenit alicui cum aliquo; inter aliquos (not convenio cum aliquo). We agreed, inter nos convenit. I agreed with Deiotarus, mihi cum Deiotaro convenit, ut, etc.: constituere aliquid (to agree about anything to be done). Passively, to be agreed. It was agreed, convenit or (if by treaty) pacto convenit (Livius). Even the consuls were not thoroughly agreed, ne inter consules quidem ipsos satis conveniebat. All are agreed, inter omnes convenit of a thing, also personally, res convenit alicui cumaliquo or inter aliquos: the peace had been agreed upon, pax convenerat. What had been agreed upon, quæ convenerant. If anything could be agreed upon between them, si posset inter eos aliquid convenire,Cicero. The terms of peace had been agreed upon, conditiones pacis convenerant.|| Assent to, assentiri or (less commonly) assentire alicui, that, ut, etc. (Cicero, ad Att.,9, 9, near the biginning): annuere (absolute). In disputations:concedere aliquid: confiteri aliquid: largiri or dare aliquid (of a voluntary concession). || To agree to anything, consentire alicui rei or ad aliquid (to an offer or proposal; e. g., ad indutias): concedere alicui rei (to yield to it; e.g., alicujus postulationi, to anybody’s demand): to agree to the terms, conditiones accipere ; ad conditiones accedere or descendere (especially of coming in to them after long hesitation). || To agree = to live in harmony, concorditer (concordissime) cum aliquo vivere: mira concordia vivere (Tacitus). || To agree with anybody (of food, climate, etc), salubrem esse: not to agree, gravem, parum salubrem esse. || Agreed! (as a form of accepting a bet) en dextram! (here’s my hand upon it): cedo dextram (give me your hand upon it).
AGREE, Transitive, || reconcile, Vid.
AGREEABLE, || gratus (valued as precious, interesting, worthy of thanks): acceptus (welcomed): jucundus (delightful, bringing joy to us): suavis, dulcis, mollis (sweet, pleasing to the senses, and secondarily to the affections. All these, both ofpersons and things): carus (dear: of persons): urbanus (courteous, and so pleasing: of conversation, etc., or persons):lepidus: facetus: festivus (agreeable: of witty, spirited conversation, and of persons remarkable for it). Of places, amœnus (agreeable to the senses): lætus. Very agreeable, pergratus, perjucundus. || Consistent
with: accommodatus alicui rei or ad aliquid: aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid: conveniens, congruens (unclassical congruus), consentaneus alicui rei or cum re. (The words are found in this connection and order), aptus et accommodatus; aptusconsentaneusque; congruens et aptus; aptus et congruens. To be agreeable to, consentire, congruere, etc., with dative or cum. [Vid. to AGREE.] If it is agreeable to you, quod commodo tuo fiat: nisi tibi molestum est.
AGREEABLENESS, jucunditas (agreeableness; general term, also, of a pleasant style): gratia (gracefulness, beauty: also, of style, Quintilianus, 10, 1, 65, and 96): venustas (beauty): suavitas (sweetness, attractiveness: of voice, speech, etc.): dulcedo (sweetness, amiability). (The words are found in this connection and order), dulcedo atque suavitas (e.g., morum): amœnitas (beauty : especially of places): festivitas (pleasant, lively humor): lepos (gracefulness and tenderness in words, style, a speech, one’s ordinary conversation, etc.). Agreeableness and fullness of style, suavitas dicendi et copia. || Consistency with, convenientia: to anything, cum aliqua re (Cicero): (congruentia, post-Augustan, and very rare).
AGREEABLY, jucunde: suaviter:amœne: venuste: festive. [SYN. in AGREEABLENESS]. To speak agreeably, suavem esse in dicendo, quasi decore loqui (of an orator): suaviter loqui. To tell a tale agreeably, jucunde narrare. To write very agreeably, dulcissime scribere.|| Consistently with, convenienter, congruenter alicui rei: apte ad aliquid.To live agreeably to nature, naturæ convenienter or congruenter vivere; secundumnaturam vivere; accommodate (stronger, accommodatissime) ad naturam vivere.
AGREEMENT, conventus, conventum; constitutum (an agreement or understanding, not formally binding): sponsio (an agreement by which one party binds himself to another: in war, an alliance or peace concluded by the commanders-in-chief, but not ratified by the authorities athome: non fœdere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est, Livius.) : pactum: pactio (a formal, public compact, legally binding on both parties: pactio, as act; pactum, as the thing agreed upon).To enter into or conclude an agreement with anybody, pacisci, depacisci, cum aliquo; pactionem cum aliquo facere or conficere: about anything, de aliqua re pacisci. To keep an agreement, pactum præstare; in pacto manere; pactia or conventis stare. If an agreement is not brought about, si res ad pactionem non venit (Cicero). According to or by agreement, ex pacto; ex convento (as Cicero, ad Att., 6, 3, 1); ex conventu (as Auctor ad Herennium, 2, 16). (The words are found in this connection and order), ex pacto et convento.|| Consistency with, convenientia cum aliqua re. || Resemblance, quædam or nonnulla similitudo.
AGRICULTURAL, rusticus: agrestis.
Agricultural operations, res rusticæ. Agricultural population, rustici: the agricultural population of Sicily, qui in Sicilia arant. To be devoted to agricultural pursuits, agriculturæ studere. Devoted to agricultural pursuits, rusticis rebus deditus.
AGRICULTURE, agricultura or agri (agrorum) cultura; or agri (agrorum) cultio (general terms): aratio (tillage):arandi ratio (the method of tillage). To follow agriculture as a pursuit, agrum colere, agriculturæ studere; arare (alsoto live by agriculture).
AGRICULTURIST, rusticis rebus deditus (if it is a favorite pursuit): homo rusticus: agricola: agri cultor.
AGRLMONY, agrimonia (Celsus, Plinius: Eupatorium cannabinum, Linnæus).
AGRIOPHYLLUM, agriophyllon (Appuleius).
AGROSTIS, agrostis (Appuleius).
AGROUND. To run aground, vado, in vadum or litoribus illidi (to run on a sand-bank or the shore): in litus ejici (to be stranded and wrecked): in terram deferri (to run ashore). The fleet ran aground, and was wrecked near the Balearic Islands, classis ad Baleares ejicitur.To be aground, sidere (to touch the bottom, and so stick fast). || Figuratively, to be aground; i.e., in difficulty, unable to proceed, in luto esse (Plautus) : hærere, hæsitare (Terentius): difficultatibus affectum esse:= to be in debt, ære alieno obrutum or demersum esse.
AGUE, febris frigida: febris intermittens.To hare the ague, febrim (frigidam) habere, pati: frigore et febri jactari (after Cicero’s æstus et febris. Catullus, 1, 13, 31).To catch the ague, febrim (frigidam) nancisci, in febrim incidere: febri corripi.
AGUE-FIT, febrium frigus: frigus et febris (after Cicero’s æstus et febris).
AGUISH, febriculosus.
AH! ah! (expressing pain, vexation, astonishment).|| As expressing exultation, ha! ha! hæ! (in the comic writers).
AHA! aha! (in the comic writers: of censure or refusal: also, of pleasure and exultation): eu, euge (of somewhat ironical praise).
AHEAD, ante aliquem, etc. To go ahead of, præterire ; victam (navem) præterire (Vergilius, 5, 156). Figuratively, to run ahead, evagari (to wander away at will): modum excedere (Livius, to transgress the bounds of moderation).
AID, juvare, adjuvare, opera adjuvare (opposed to impedire: to assist a person striving to do something,
which our help may enable him to do sooner or better: in anything, in aliqua re): auxilium ferre alicui; auxiliari alicui; esse alicui aux ilio: opem ferre alicui: opitulari alicui (opposed to destituere, deserere: to help a person in distress. In auxilium ferre, etc, the helper is conceived rather as an ally, bound to assist: in opem ferre. etc., as a generous benefactor. Against anything or anybody, contra aliquid or aliquem): succurrere alicui (to run to anybody’s assistance in danger or distress):alicui subsidio venire: alicui subvenire (to conu to anybody’s assistance in danger or distress: also, of soldiers): sublevare aliquem (to help a person up ; assist in supporting him; e.g., aliquem facultatibus suis, Cicero). [Vid. HELP] To aid anybody in doing anything, alicui opitulari in aliqua re tacienda: alicui operam suam commodare ad aliquid: alicui operam præbere in aliqua re (the last, especially of manual labor). Their bodily strength did not aid them, nihil iis corporis vires auxiliatæ sunt (Cicero).
AID, s., anxilium (help, considered with respect to the person assisted, whose strength is thereby increased ; plural, auxilia, auxiliary troops): ops (any means of assisting another; help, with reference to the giver):subsidium (assistance provided against the time of need : of troops, the reserve): adjumentum (assistance, as what helps us to compass an object; e.g., adjumentum reigerendæ): præsidium (protecting assistance; securing the obtaining of an object): opera (active help rendered; service): medicina alicujus rei (remedial aid, serving for the prevention or removal of an evil). By anybody’s aid, alicujus auxilio; alicujus ope; alicujus ope adjutus; aliquo adjuvante; aliquo adjutore; alicujus opera. Without foreign (i.e., another parson’s) aid, sua sponte, per se. By the aid of God, juvante Deo, divina ope, or (if spoken of conditionally) si Deus juvetor adjuvabit. By the aid of anything, mostly the ablative only; e.g., ingenio et cogitatione. To offer one’s aid to anybody, offerre se, si quo usus operæ sit: toward or for anything, ad aliquid operam suam profiteri: for any purpose whatever, inomnia ultro suam offerre operam. To bring aid to anybody, alicui auxilium, or opem anxiliumque, alicui præsidium, orsuppetias, or subsidium ferre: alicui auxilium afferre: alicui præsidium offerre (of aid implored; vid. Livius, 3, 4): alicui auxilio, or adjumento, or præsidio esse:alicui adesse or præsto esse. [Vid. AID, v., and ASSISTANCE] To seek the aid of a physician, medico uti: medicum morbo adhibere: for a sick person, medicum ad aegrotum adducere. In every circumstance of life we require the aid of our fellow-men, omnis ratio atque institutio vitæ) adjumenta bominum desiderat. || A subsidy, collatio (contribution of money to the Roman emperors): stips: collecta, æ, (a contribution).
AID-DE-CAMP, *adjutor castrensis:adjutor ducis or imperatoris (after Orelli, Inscript., 3517, where adjutor cornicularii is found).
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AIDANCE, vid. AID, s.
AIDER, adjutor: qui opem fert alicui, etc.
AIL, v., || Pain, dolorem mihi affert aliquid (mental): dolet mihi aliquid (bodily or mental): aegre facere alicui (mental).|| Indefinitely, to affect. What ails you, that you, etc., quid est causae cur, etc.: quidnam esse causae putem, cur, etc. (both with subjunctive.)
|| To be ailing, tenui, or minus commoda, or non firma valetudine uti. To be always ailing, semper infirma atque etiam ægra valetudine esse.
AIL, s., AILMENT. Vid. DISEASE
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κυρικιμασαηικο